@article{woolson1984analysis,
  title={Analysis of categorical incomplete longitudinal data},
  author={Woolson, Robert F and Clarke, William R},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General)},
  volume={147},
  number={1},
  pages={87--99},
  year={1984},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@inproceedings{tu2019causal,
	title={Causal discovery in the presence of missing data},
	author={Tu, Ruibo and Zhang, Cheng and Ackermann, Paul and Mohan, Karthika and Kjellstr{\"o}m, Hedvig and Zhang, Kun},
	booktitle={The 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics},
	pages={1762--1770},
	year={2019},
	organization={PMLR}
}

@book{kwong2015spiral,
	title={Spiral Workbook for Discrete Mathematics},
	author={Kwong, Harris},
	year={2015},
	publisher={Open SUNY Textbooks}
}

@article{scharfstein2021semiparametric,
	title={Semiparametric sensitivity analysis: Unmeasured confounding in observational studies},
	author={Scharfstein, Daniel O and Nabi, Razieh and Kennedy, Edward H and Huang, Ming-Yueh and Bonvini, Matteo and Smid, Marcela},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08300},
	year={2021}
}

@book{graham2012missing,
	title={Missing data: Analysis and design},
	author={Graham, John W},
	year={2012},
	publisher={Springer Science \& Business Media}
}

@book{mcknight2007missing,
	title={Missing data: A gentle introduction},
	author={McKnight, Patrick E and McKnight, Katherine M and Sidani, Souraya and Figueredo, Aurelio Jose},
	year={2007},
	publisher={Guilford Press}
}

@article{schafer2002missing,
	title={Missing data: our view of the state of the art.},
	author={Schafer, Joseph L and Graham, John W},
	journal={Psychological methods},
	volume={7},
	number={2},
	pages={147},
	year={2002},
	publisher={American Psychological Association}
}

@article{moreno2016sensitivity,
	title={Sensitivity analysis of incomplete longitudinal data departing from the missing at random assumption: Methodology and application in a clinical trial with drop-outs},
	author={Moreno-Betancur, M and Chavance, M},
	journal={Statistical Methods in Medical Research},
	volume={25},
	number={4},
	pages={1471--1489},
	year={2016},
	publisher={SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@article{horowitz2000nonparametric,
	title={Nonparametric analysis of randomized experiments with missing covariate and outcome data},
	author={Horowitz, Joel L and Manski, Charles F},
	journal={Journal of the American statistical Association},
	volume={95},
	number={449},
	pages={77--84},
	year={2000},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{nabi2022causal,
  title={Causal and counterfactual views of missing data models},
  author={Nabi, Razieh and Bhattacharya, Rohit and Shpitser, Ilya and Robins, James},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.05558},
  year={2022}
}

@article{zhao2015semiparametric,
  title={Semiparametric pseudo-likelihoods in generalized linear models with nonignorable missing data},
  author={Zhao, Jiwei and Shao, Jun},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={110},
  number={512},
  pages={1577--1590},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{zhao2017approximate,
  title={Approximate conditional likelihood for generalized linear models with general missing data mechanism},
  author={Zhao, Jiwei and Shao, Jun},
  journal={Journal of Systems Science and Complexity},
  volume={30},
  number={1},
  pages={139--153},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{scharfstein2021markov,
	title={Markov-Restricted Analysis of Randomized Trials with Non-Monotone Missing Binary Outcomes: Sensitivity Analysis and Identification Results},
	author={Scharfstein, Daniel O and Lee, Jaron JR and McDermott, Aidan and Campbell, Aimee and Nunes, Edward and Matthews, Abigail G and Shpitser, Ilya},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.08868},
	year={2021}
}

@article{automated22duarte,
	title={An automated approach to causal inference in discrete settings},
	author={Duarte, Guilherme and Finkelstein, Noam and Knox, Dean and Mummolo, Jonathan and Shpitser, Ilya},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.13471},
	year={2021}
}


@article{miao2016varieties,
	title={On varieties of doubly robust estimators under missingness not at random with a shadow variable},
	author={Miao, Wang and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J},
	journal={Biometrika},
	volume={103},
	number={2},
	pages={475--482},
	year={2016},
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{wang2014instrumental,
	title={An instrumental variable approach for identification and estimation with nonignorable nonresponse},
	author={Wang, Sheng and Shao, Jun and Kim, Jae Kwang},
	journal={Statistica Sinica},
	pages={1097--1116},
	year={2014},
	publisher={JSTOR}
}

@article{miao2016identifiability,
	title={Identifiability of normal and normal mixture models with nonignorable missing data},
	author={Miao, Wang and Ding, Peng and Geng, Zhi},
	journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	volume={111},
	number={516},
	pages={1673--1683},
	year={2016},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{sun2018semiparametric,
	title={Semiparametric estimation with data missing not at random using an instrumental variable},
	author={Sun, BaoLuo and Liu, Lan and Miao, Wang and Wirth, Kathleen and Robins, James and Tchetgen, Eric J Tchetgen},
	journal={Statistica Sinica},
	volume={28},
	number={4},
	pages={1965},
	year={2018},
	publisher={NIH Public Access}
}

@article{robins2001comment,
	title={Comment on Inference for semiparametric models: Some questions and an answer, by {PJ} {B}ickel and {J}. {K}won},
	author={Robins, James M and Rotnitzky, Andrea},
	journal={Statistica Sinica},
	volume={11},
	pages={920--936},
	year={2001}
}

@article{robins1995analysis,
	title={Analysis of semiparametric regression models for repeated outcomes in the presence of missing data},
	author={Robins, James M and Rotnitzky, Andrea and Zhao, Lue Ping},
	journal={Journal of the {A}merican {S}tatistical {A}ssociation},
	volume={90},
	number={429},
	pages={106--121},
	year={1995},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{wu1988estimation,
	title={Estimation and comparison of changes in the presence of informative right censoring by modeling the censoring process},
	author={Wu, Margaret C and Carroll, Raymond J},
	journal={Biometrics},
	pages={175--188},
	year={1988},
	publisher={JSTOR}
}

@article{tchetgen2009commentary,
	title={Commentary: A Simple Implementation of Doubly Robust Estimation in Logistic Regression with Covariates Missing at Random},
	author={Tchetgen, Eric J Tchetgen},
	journal={Epidemiology},
	volume={20},
	number={3},
	pages={391--394},
	year={2009},
	publisher={JSTOR}
}

@article{robins1994estimation,
	title={Estimation of regression coefficients when some regressors are not always observed},
	author={Robins, James M and Rotnitzky, Andrea and Zhao, Lue Ping},
	journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	volume={89},
	number={427},
	pages={846--866},
	year={1994},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{li2013weighting,
	title={On weighting approaches for missing data},
	author={Li, Lingling and Shen, Changyu and Li, Xiaochun and Robins, James M},
	journal={Statistical methods in medical research},
	volume={22},
	number={1},
	pages={14--30},
	year={2013},
	publisher={Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@book{schafer97analysis,
	title={Analysis of incomplete multivariate data},
	author={Schafer, Joseph L},
	year={1997},
	publisher={CRC press}
}

@article{schafer1999multiple,
	title={Multiple imputation: a primer},
	author={Schafer, Joseph L},
	journal={Statistical methods in medical research},
	volume={8},
	number={1},
	pages={3--15},
	year={1999},
	publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA}
}

@article{mohan2021graphical,
	title={Graphical models for processing missing data},
	author={Mohan, Karthika and Pearl, Judea},
	journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	pages={1--16},
	year={2021},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{little1993pattern,
	title={Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data},
	author={Little, Roderick JA},
	journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	volume={88},
	number={421},
	pages={125--134},
	year={1993},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{chen2022pattern,
	title={Pattern graphs: a graphical approach to nonmonotone missing data},
	author={Chen, Yen-Chi},
	journal={The Annals of Statistics},
	volume={50},
	number={1},
	pages={129--146},
	year={2022},
	publisher={Institute of Mathematical Statistics}
}

@book{van2000asymptotic,
	title={Asymptotic {S}tatistics},
	author={van der Vaart, Aad W.},
	volume={3},
	year={2000},
	publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}

@article{zhou10block,
	author = {Zhou, Yan and Little, Roderick J. A.  and Kalbfleisch John D. },
	title = { Block-Conditional Missing at Random Models for Missing Data },
	journal = { Statistical Science },
	volume = { 25 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 517-532 },
	year = { 2010 }}

@article{breiman2001statistical,
  author = {Breiman, Leo},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2aca84bbec52e1d0e57b86bc8ae658f02/peter.ralph},
  description = {MR: Publications results for "MR Number=(1874152)"},
  doi = {10.1214/ss/1009213726},
  fjournal = {Statistical Science. A Review Journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  interhash = {8be8035d3393decab43719e0c18ef386},
  intrahash = {aca84bbec52e1d0e57b86bc8ae658f02},
  issn = {0883-4237},
  journal = {Statist. Sci.},
  keywords = {modeling statistics},
  mrclass = {62D05},
  mrnumber = {1874152},
  note = {With comments and a rejoinder by the author},
  number = 3,
  pages = {199--231},
  timestamp = {2011-08-12T20:18:26.000+0200},
  title = {Statistical modeling: the two cultures},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/ss/1009213726},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2001
}

@article{instrumental01angrist,
	author = { Angrist, Joshua D. and Krueger, Alan B. },
	title = { Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments },
	journal = { Journal of Economic Perspectives },
	volume = { 15 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 69-85 },
	year = { 2001 }}

@article{rush18finite,
	author = { Rush, C. and Venkataramanan, R. },
	title = { Finite Sample Analysis of Approximate Message Passing Algorithms },
	journal = { IEEE Transactions on Information Theory },
	volume = { 64 },
	number = { 11 },
	pages = { 7264-7286 },
	year = { 2018 }}

@book{pearl16causal,
	author = { Judea Pearl and Madelyn Glymour and Nicholas P. Jewell },
	title = { Causal Inference in Statistics: A Primer },
	publisher = { John Wiley and Sons },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{friedman08relative,
	author = { Friedman, S. and Bolyard, M. and Sandoval, M. and Mateu-Gelabert, P. and Maslow, C. and Zenilman, J. },
	title = { Relative prevalence of different sexually transmitted infections in hiv-discordant sexual partnerships: data from a risk network study in a high-risk new york neighbourhood },
	journal = { Sexually transmitted infections },
	volume = { 84 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 17-18 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@article{khan09incarceration,
	author = { Khan, M. R. and Doherty, I. A. and Schoenbach, V. J. and
		Taylor, E. M. and Epperson, M. W. and Adimora, A. A. },
	title = { Incarceration and high-risk sex partnerships among men in the {U}nited {S}tates },
	journal = { Journal of Urban Health },
	volume = { 86 },
	issue = { 4 },
	pages = { 584-601 },
	year = { 2009 }}

@misc{bln20ananke,
	title = { Ananke: A module for causal inference },
	author = { Rohit Bhattacharya and Jaron Lee and Razieh Nabi },
	howpublished = { \url{https://ananke.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html}},
	year = { 2020 }}

@book{wright1928tariff,
	title = { The Tariff on Animal and Vegetable Oils },
	author = { Wright, Philip G. },
	year = { 1928 },
	publisher = { The Macmillan Company }}

@book{sullivant2018algebraic,
  title={Algebraic Statistics},
  author={Sullivant, S.},
  isbn={9781470435172},
  lccn={2018025744},
  series={Graduate Studies in Mathematics},
  url={https://books.google.com/books?id=EXj1uQEACAAJ},
  year={2018},
  publisher={American Mathematical Society}
}

@techreport{molinari2019partialid,
  author={Francesca Molinari},
  title={{Econometrics with Partial Identification}},
  year=2019,
  month=May,
  institution={Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies},
  type={CeMMAP working papers},
  url={https://ideas.repec.org/p/ifs/cemmap/25-19.html},
  number={CWP25/19}
}

@book{manski2007id,
title = "Identification for Prediction and Decision",
author = "Manski, {Charles F.}",
year = "2007",
language = "English",
isbn = "9780674026537",
publisher = "Harvard University Press"
}

@article{herd2014cohort,
  title={Cohort profile: Wisconsin longitudinal study (WLS)},
  author={Herd, Pamela and Carr, Deborah and Roan, Carol},
  journal={International journal of epidemiology},
  volume={43},
  number={1},
  pages={34--41},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{bhattacharya2022semiparametric,
  title={Semiparametric Inference For Causal Effects In Graphical Models With Hidden Variables},
  author={Bhattacharya, Rohit and Nabi, Razieh and Shpitser, Ilya},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={23},
  pages={1--76},
  year={2022}
}

@article{bhattacharya20semi,
	title={Semiparametric inference for causal effects in graphical models with hidden variables},
	author={Bhattacharya, Rohit and Nabi, Razieh and Shpitser, Ilya},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.12659},
	year={2020}
}

@article{malinsky2021semiparametric,
	title={Semiparametric inference for nonmonotone missing-not-at-random data: the no self-censoring model},
	author={Malinsky, Daniel and Shpitser, Ilya and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J},
	journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	pages={1--9},
	year={2021},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{double17chernozhukov,
	title = { Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters },
	author = { Victor Chernozhukov and Denis Chetverikov and Mert Demirer and Esther Duflo and Christian Hansen and Whitney Newey and James Robins },
	journal = { The Econometrics Journal },
	year = { 2017 }}

@article{andrews20examining,
	title = { Examining the causal mediating role of brain pathology on the relationship between diabetes and cognitive impairment: The Cardiovascular Health Study },
	author = { Ryan M. Andrews and Ilya Shpitser and Michelle C. Carlson },
	journal = { Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A },
	year = { 2020 }}

@article{trollfors98immunization,
	title = { A Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Pertussis-Toxoid Vaccine },
	author = { Trollfors, B. and Taranger, J. and Lagergard, T. and Sundh, V. and Bryla, D.A. and Schneerson R. and Robbins, J.B. },
	journal = { The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal },
	volume = { 17 },
	issue = { 3 },
	pages = { 196-199 },
	year = { 1998 }}

@article{robins92estimating,
	author = { J. M. Robins and S. D. Mark and W. K. Newey },
	title = { Estimating exposure effects by modelling
the expectation of exposure conditional on confounders },
	journal = { Biometrics },
	pages = { 479-495 },
	year = { 1992 }}

@book{woodward04making,
	author = { James Woodward },
	title = { Making Things Happen },
	publisher = { Oxford University Press },
	year = { 2004 }}

@book{bacon89novum,
	author = { Francis Bacon },
	title = { Novum Organum },
	publisher = { Oxford: Clarendon Press },
	year = { 1889 }}

@book{kahneman11thinking,
	author = { Daniel Kahneman },
	title = { Thinking Fast And Slow },
	publisher = { Farra, Straus and Giroux, New York },
	year = { 2011 }}
	
@article{horton1999maximum,
	title={Maximum likelihood analysis of generalized linear models with missing covariates},
	author={Horton, Nicholas J and Laird, Nan M},
	journal={Statistical Methods in Medical Research},
	volume={8},
	number={1},
	pages={37--50},
	year={1999},
	publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA}
}	
	
@book{spearman50human,
	author = { Spearman, C. },
	title = { Human Ability },
	publisher = { Macmillian, London },
	year = { 1950 }}

@book{OwenEL,
	author = { Owen, Art },
	title = { Empirical Likelihood },
	publisher = { Chapman \& Hall },
	year = { 2001 }
}

@book{little2002statistical,
  title={Statistical Analysis with Missing Data},
  author={Little, Roderick JA and Rubin, Donald B},
  isbn={9780471183860},
  lccn={2002027006},
  series={Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics},
  year={2002},
  publisher={Wiley}
}

@article{kennedy19non,
author = {Edward H. Kennedy},
title = {Nonparametric Causal Effects Based on Incremental Propensity Score Interventions},
journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
volume = {114},
number = {526},
pages = {645-656},
year  = {2019},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
doi = {10.1080/01621459.2017.1422737},
}

@article{eberhardt14soft,
 title={Direct causes and the trouble with soft interventions},
 author={Eberhardt, Frederick},
 journal={Erkenntnis},
 volume={79},
 number={4},
 pages={755--777},
 year={2014},
 publisher={Springer}
}

@article{johnson16mimic,
	author = { Johnson, A.E.W. and Pollard, T.J. and Shen, L. and
		Lehman, L. and Feng, M. and Ghassemi, M. and Moody, B. and
		Szolovitz, P. and Celi, L.A. and Mark, R.G. },
	title = { MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database },
	journal = { Scientific Data },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{page18quality,
	author = { Page, B.R. and Guo, Y. and Han, P. and Cheng, Z. and Harkness, J. and Shen, C. and Choflet, A. and Hu C. and Cecil, E. and Schmitt, N.C. and Shpitser, I. and Kiess, A.P. and McNutt, T.R. and Quon, H. },
	title = { Quality of Life differences in Male and Female Patients with Head and Neck Cancer },
	journal = { International Journal of Radiation Oncology },
	volume = { 102 },
	issue = { 3 },
	year = { 2018 }}

@article{han18dose,
	author = { Han, P. and Lakshminarayanan, P. and Jiang, W. and Shpitser, I. and Lee, S.H. and Cheng, Z. and Guo, Y. and Taylor R. and Siddiqui, S. and Bowers, M.R. and Sheikh, K. and Lee, J. and Quon, H. and McNutt, T.R. },
	title = { Dose-Volume Histogram (DVH) Patterns within the Salivary Glands and Clinical Parameters Predict Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Patients, from Injury to Recovery },
	journal = { International Journal of Radiation Oncology },
	volume = { 102 },
	issue = { 3 },
	year = { 2018 }}

@article{han18moderate,
	author = { Han, P. and Jiang, W. and Shpitser, I. and Cecil, E. and Cheng, Z. and Muse, M. and Page, B.R. and Kiess, A.P. and Maclean, J. and Wu, P.I. and Szczesniak, M. and Cook, I. and McNutt, T.R. and Quon, H. },
	title = { Moderate Drinking is Protective for Swallowing Function among HNC Patients },
	journal = { International Journal of Radiation Oncology },
	volume = { 102 },
	issue = { 3 },
	year = { 2018 }}

@article{jiang19machine,
	author = { Wei Jiang and Pranav Lakshminarayanan and Xuan Hui and Peijin Han and Zhi Cheng and Michael Bowers and Ilya Shpitser and Sauleh Siddiqui and Russell H. Taylor and Harry Quon and Todd McNutt },
	title = { Machine Learning Methods Uncover Radiomorphologic Dose Patterns in Salivary Glands that Predict Xerostomia in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer },
	journal = { Advances in Radiation Oncology },
	volume = { 4 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 401-412 },
	year = { 2019 }}

@article{lakshiminarayanan19radio,
	author = { Pranav Lakshminarayanan and Wei Jiang and Scott P Robertson and Zhi Cheng and Peijin Han and Michael Bowers and Joseph A Moore and Ilya Shpitser and Sauleh A Siddiqui and Harry Quon and Russell H Taylor and Todd McNutt },
	title = { Radio-morphology: Parametric shape-based features in radiotherapy },
	journal = { Medical Physics },
	volume = { 46 },
	issue = { 2 },
	year = { 2019 }}

@article{hernan16using,
	author = { Miguel A. Hernan and James M. Robins },
	title = { Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available },
	journal = { American Journal of Epidemiology },
	volume = { 183 },
	issue = { 8 },
	pages = { 758-764 },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{mcnutt18using,
	author = { Todd R. McNutt and Stanley H. Benedict and Daniel A. Low and Kevin Moore and Ilya Shpitser and We Jiang and Pranav Lakshiminarayanan and Zhi Cheng and Peijin Han and Xuan Hui and Minoru Nakatsagawa and Junghoon Lee and Joseph Moore and Scott Robertson and Russ Taylor and Harry Quon and John Wong and and Theodore DeWeese },
	title = { Using Big Data Analytics to Advance Precision Radiation Oncology },
	journal = { International Journal of Radiation Oncology },
	volume = { 101 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 285-291 },
	year = { 2018 }}
	

@article{bahia16cardiovascular,
	author = { Bahia, S. S. and Alberto Vidal-Diez and Seshasai, S. R. K. and Ilya Shpitser and Brownrigg, J. R. W. and Patternson, B. O. and Ray, K.K. and Holt, P. J. and Thompson, M. M. and Alan Karthikesalingam },
	title = { Cardiovascular risk prevention and all-cause mortality in primary care patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm },
	journal = { British Journal of Surgery },
	volume = { 103 },
	issue = { 12 },
	pages = { 1626-1633 },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{karthikesalingam16comparison,
	author = { Alan Karthikesalingam and Wanhainen, A. and Holt, P. J. and
	 Alberto Vidal-Diez and Brownrigg, J. R. W. and Ilya Shpitser and Bjrck, M. and Thompson, M. M. and Mani, K. },
	title = { Comparison of long-term mortality after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in England and Sweden. },
	journal = { British Journal of Surgery },
	volume = { 103 },
	issue = { 3 },
	pages = { 199-206 },
	year = { 2016 }
	}

@article{kschischang01factor,
	title = { Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm },
	author = { Kschischang, F.R. and Frey, B.J. and Loeliger, H.A. },
	journal = { IEEE Transactions on Information Theory },
	volume = { 47 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 498-519 },
	year = { 2001 }}

@inproceedings{forre20causal,
	title = { Causal Calculus in the Presence of Cycles, Latent Confounders and Selection Bias },
	author = { Patrick Forre and Joris M. Mooij },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of The 35th Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence Conference },
	year = { 2020 }}

@inproceedings{finkelstein20deriving,
	title = { Deriving Bounds And Inequality Constraints Using Logical Relations Among Counterfactuals },
	author = { Noam Finkelstein and Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-20) },
	year = { 2020 }}

@inproceedings{hauskrecht07evidence,
	title = { Evidence-based Anomaly Detection in Clinical Domains },
	author = { Milos Hauskrecht and Michal Valko and Branislav Kveton and Shyam Visweswaran and Gregory F. Cooper },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Symposium },
	pages = { 319-323 },
	year = { 2007 }}

@inproceedings{wood2018challenges,
 title={Challenges of Using Text Classifiers for Causal Inference},
 author={Wood-Doughty, Zach and Shpitser, Ilya and Dredze, Mark},
 booktitle={Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
 pages={4586--4598},
 year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{bhattacharya19cinu,
title = { Causal Inference Under Interference And Network Uncertainty },
author = { Rohit Bhattacharya and Daniel Malinsky and Ilya Shpitser},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty Fifth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-35th) },
year = { 2019 },
publisher = {AUAI Press}
}

@inproceedings{sherman19intervening,
  title={Intervening on Network Ties.},
  author={Sherman, Eli and Shpitser, Ilya},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty Fifth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-35th) },
  year={2019},
  publisher = { AUAI Press }
}

@article{osius04association,
	title = { The association between two random elements:
A complete characterization and odds ratio models },
	author = { Gerhard Osius },
	journal = { Metrika },
	volume = { 60 },
	pages = { 261-277 },
	year = { 2004 }}

@article{dechter99bucket,
	author = { Rina Dechter },
	title = { Bucket elimination: a unifying framework for reasoning },
	journal = { Artificial Intelligence },
	volume = { 113 },
	issue = { 1 },
	pages = { 41-85 },
	year = { 1999 }}

@article{hohna14probabilistic,
	title = { Probabilistic Graphical Model Representation in Phylogenetics },
	author = { Sebastian Hohna and Tracy A. Heath and Bastien Boussau and Michael J. Landis and Fredrik Ronquist and John P. Huelsenbeck },
	journal = { Systematic Biology },
	volume = { 63 },
	issue = { 5 },
	pages = { 753-771 },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{jackson19intersection,
	author = { Jackson, J.W. and VanderWeele, T.J. },
	title = { Intersectional decomposition analysis with differential exposure, effects, and construct },
	journal = { Social Science in Medicine },
	pages = { 254-259 },
	year = { 2019}}

@article{jackson17explaining,
	author = { Jackson, J.W. },
	title = { Explaining intersectionality through description, counterfactual thinking, and mediation analysis. },
	journal = { Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology },
	year = { 2017 },
	volume = { 52 },
	number = { 7 },
	pages = { 785-793 }}

@article{jackson18on,
	author = { Jackson, J. W. },
	title = { On the Interpretation of Path-specific Effects in Health Disparities Research },
	journal = { Epidemiology },
	volume = { 29 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 517-520 },
	year = { 2018 }}

@article{jackson18decomposition,
	author = { Jackson, J. W. and VanderWeele, T. J. },
	title = {  Decomposition analysis to identify intervention targets for reducing disparities },
	journal = { Epidemiology },
	volume = { 29 },
	number = { 6 },
	pages = { 825-835 },
	year = { 2018 }}

@article{kaufman08epidemiologic,
	author = { Kaufman, J. S. },
	title = { Epidemiologic analysis of racial/ethnic disparities: Some fundamental issues and a cautionary example },
	journal = { Social Science and Medicine },
	volume = { 66 },
	number = { 8 },
	pages = { 1659-1669 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@article{braveman06health,
	author = { Braveman, P. },
	title = { Health disparities and health equity: concepts and measurement },
	journal = { Annual Review of Public Health },
	volume = { 27 },
	pages = { 167-194 },
	year = { 2006 }}

@article{nelson02unequal,
	author = { Nelson, A. },
	title = { Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in
health care },
	journal = { Journal of the National Medical Association },
	volume = { 94 },
	number = { 8 },
	pages = { 666-668 },
	year = { 2002 }}

@article{schulman99effect,
	author = { Schulman, K.A. and Berlin, J.A. and Harless, W. and Kerner, J.F. and Sistrunk S. and Gersh, B.J. and Dub, R. and Taleghani, C.K. and Burke, J.E. and Williams, S. and Eisenberg, J.M. and Escarce, J.J. },
	title = { The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization },
	journal = { New England Journal of Medicine },
	volume = { 340 },
	number = { 8 },
	pages = { 618-626 },
	year = { 1999 },
	}

@article{conigliaro00understanding,
	author = { Conigliaro, J. and Whittle, J. and Good, C.B. and et al },
	title = { Understanding racial variation in the use of coronary revascularization procedures: the role of clinical factors },
	journal = { Archives of Internal Medicine },
	volume = { 160 },
	pages = { 1329-1335 },
	year = { 2000 }}

@article{petersen02impact,
	author = { Petersen, L. A. and Wright, S. M. and Peterson, E. D. and Daley, J. },
	title = { Impact of race on cardiac care and outcomes in veterans with acute myocardial infarction },
	journal = { Medical Care },
	volume = { 40 },
	pages = { 86-96 },
	year = { 2002 }}


@article{kressin01racial,
	author = { Kressin, N. R. and Petersen, L. A. },
	title = { Racial differences in the use of invasive cardiovascular procedures: review of the literature and prescription for future research },
	journal = { Annals of Internal Medicine },
	year = { 2001 },
	volume = { 135 },
	pages = { 352-366 }}

@article{hravnak06racial,
	author = { Marilyn Hravnak and Said Ibrahiim and Abigail Kaufer and Ali Sonel and Joseph Canigliaro },
	title = { Racial Disparities in Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting },
	journal = { Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing },
	volume = { 21 },
	number = { 5 },
	pages = { 367-378 },
	year = { 2006 }}

@article{gaolathe16botswana,
	author = { Gaolathe, T. and Wirth, K.E. and Holme, M.P. and Makhema, J. and Moyo, S. and Chakalisa, U. and Yankinda, E.K. and Lei, Q. and Mmalane and M., Novitsky and V. and Okui, L.},
	title = { Botswana's progress toward achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90-90-90 antiretroviral therapy and virological suppression goals: a population-based survey },
	journal = { The lancet HIV },
	volume = { 3 },
	number = { 5 },
	pages = { 221-230 },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{vanderweele11sensitivity,
	author = { Tyler J. VanderWeele },
	title = { Sensitivity Analysis for Contagion Effects in Social Networks },
	journal = { Sociological Methods Research },
	volume = { 40 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 240-255 },
	year = { 2011 }}

@article{christakis07spread,
	author = { Nicholas A. Christakis and Jason H. Fowler },
	title = { The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years },
	journal = { The New England Journal of Medicine },
	volume = { 357 },
	year = { 2007 },
	pages = { 370-379 }}

@article{christakis08collective,
	author = { Nicholas A. Christakis and Jason H. Fowler },
	title = { The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network },
        journal = { The New England Journal of Medicine },
        volume = { 358 },
        year = { 2008 },
        pages = { 2249-2258 }}

@article{cacioppo09alone,
	author = { Cacioppo, John T. and Fowler, James H. and Christakis, Nicholas A. },
	title = { Alone in the crowd: the structure and spread of loneliness in a large 		social network },
	journal = { Journal of Personality and Social Psychology },
	year = { 2009 },
	volume = { 97 },
	number = { 6 },
	pages = { 977-991 }}

@article{neyman23app,
	Author = {Jerzy Neyman},
	Title = {Sur les applications de la thar des probabilities aux
	experiences Agaricales: Essay des principle.  Excerpts reprinted (1990)
	in {E}nglish},
	Volume = {5},
	Journal = {Statistical Science},
	Pages = {463-472},
	Year = {1923}}

@article{westreich12parametric,
author = { Westreich, D. and Cole, S. R. and Young, J. G. and Palella, F. and 
		Tien, P.C. and Kingsley, L. and Gange, S.J. and Hernan, M.A. },
title = { The parametric g-formula to estimate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS or death. },
journal = { Statistics in Medicine },
volume = { 31 },
number = { 18 },
year = { 2012 }}

@article{spirtes98path,
author = {Spirtes, Peter and Richardson, Thomas S. and Meek, Christopher and Scheines, R. and Glymour, C.},
title = {Using Path Diagrams as a Structural Equation Modeling Tool},
journal = {Sociological Methods \& Research},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {182--225},
year = {1998},
doi = {10.1177/0049124198027002003}
}



@inproceedings{nabi19fair,
        author = { Razieh Nabi and Daniel Malinsky and Ilya Shpitser },
        title = { Learning Optimal Fair Policies },
        booktitle = { Proceedings of the Thirty Sixth International Conference on Machine Learning },
        year = { 2019 }}

@inproceedings{malinsky19po,
	author = { Daniel Malinsky and Ilya Shpitser and Thomas S. Richardson },
	title = { A Potential Outcomes Calculus for Identifying Conditional Path-Specific Effects },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics },
	year = { 2019 }}

@inproceedings{jiji07do,
	title = { Generalized Do-Calculus With Testable Causal Assumptions },
	author = { Jiji Zhang },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics },
	pages = { 667-674 },
	year = { 2007 }}
	
@article{koster99validity,
  title={On the validity of the {M}arkov interpretation of path diagrams of Gaussian structural equations systems with correlated errors},
  author={Koster, Jan TA},
  journal={Scandinavian Journal of Statistics},
  volume={26},
  number={3},
  pages={413--431},
  year={1999},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{drton:12,
  title={Comments on: Sequences of regressions and their independencies},
  author={Drton, Mathias and Fox, Chris and K{\"a}ufl, Andreas},
  journal={Test},
  volume={21},
  number={2},
  pages={255--261},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Springer}
}


@article{drton09computing,
  title={Computing maximum likelihood estimates in recursive linear models with correlated errors},
  author={Drton, Mathias and Eichler, Michael and Richardson, Thomas S},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={10},
  number={Oct},
  pages={2329--2348},
  year={2009}
}

@inproceedings{gain18missing,
	title = { Structure Learning Under Missing Data },
	author = { Alex Gain and Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGM-2018) },
	year={2018}}

@inproceedings{sani20shift,
	title = { Identification And Estimation Of Causal Effects Defined By Shift Interventions },
	author = { Numair Sani and Jaron Lee and Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on {U}ncertainty in {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence ({UAI}-20)},
	year={2020}}

@inproceedings{shpitser18medid,
	title = { Identification of Personalized Effects Associated With Causal Pathways },
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Eli Sherman },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference on {U}ncertainty in {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence ({UAI}-18)},
	year={2018}}

@inproceedings{bhattacharya19mid, 
title = { Identification In Missing Data Models Represented By Directed Acyclic Graphs },
author = { Rohit Bhattacharya and Razieh Nabi and Ilya Shpitser and James Robins},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty Fifth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-35th) },
year = { 2019 }, 
publisher = {AUAI Press}
}

@inproceedings{nabi19fairpolicy, 
title = {Learning Optimal Fair Policies},
author = { Razieh Nabi and Daniel Malinsky and Ilya Shpitser},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty Sixth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-36th)},
year = { 2019 }, 
publisher = {PMLR}, 
volume = {97}, 
pages = {4674-4682}
}

@inproceedings{nabi18medest,
	title = { Estimation of Personalized Effects Associated With Causal Pathways },
	author = { Razieh Nabi and Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference on {U}ncertainty in {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence ({UAI}-18)},
	year={2018}}

@inproceedings{shpitser18sem,
	title = { Acyclic Linear SEMs Obey the Nested Markov Property },
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Robin J. Evans and Thomas S. Richardson },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference on {U}ncertainty in {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence ({UAI}-18)},
	year={2018}}

@inproceedings{sherman18dep,
	title = { Identification and Estimation Of Causal Effects from Dependent Data },
	author = { Eli Sherman and Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31},
	year={2018}}

@inproceedings{vanommen17algebraic,
  title={Algebraic Equivalence of Linear Structural Equation Models},
  author={van Ommen, Thijs and Mooij, Joris M},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference on {U}ncertainty in {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence ({UAI}-17)},
  year={2017},
}

@article{nowzohour:17,
  title={Distributional equivalence and structure learning for bow-free acyclic path diagrams},
  author={Nowzohour, Christopher and Maathuis, Marloes H and Evans, Robin J and B{\"u}hlmann, Peter},
  journal={Electronic Journal of Statistics},
  volume={11},
  number={2},
  pages={5342--5374},
  year={2017},
  publisher={The Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the Bernoulli Society}
}

@inproceedings{chouldechova2018case,
  title={A case study of algorithm-assisted decision making in child maltreatment hotline screening decisions},
  author={Chouldechova, Alexandra and Benavides-Prado, Diana and Fialko, Oleksandr and Vaithianathan, Rhema},
  booktitle={Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency},
  pages={134--148},
  year={2018}
}

@article{evans18smooth,
	title = { Smooth, identifiable supermodels of discrete {DAG} models with latent variables },
	author = { Robin J. Evans and Thomas S. Richardson },
	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
	eprint  = "1511.06813",
	primaryClass  = "stat",
	journal = {Bernoulli},
	note = "(to appear)",
	year = { 2018 }}

@misc{srinivasan20machine,
	author = {
Ranjani Srinivasan and
Jaron Lee and
Diane Alejo and
Joseph Dinatale and
Stefano Schena and
Glenn Whitman and
Marc Sussman and
Narges Ahmidi and
Ilya Shpitser
},
	title = { Machine Learning Improves Clinicians' Diagnosis Of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia },
	howpublished = { Oral presentation at the STS 17th Annual Perioperative Critical Care Conference },
	year = { 2020 }}

@misc{lee20surrogates,
	author = { Jaron Lee and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Identification Methods With Arbitrary Interventional Distributions as Inputs },
	howpublished = { \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.01157} },
	year = { 2020 }}

@misc{nabi19optimal,
	author = { Razieh Nabi and Daniel Malinsky and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Optimal Training of Fair Predictive Models for Decision Support },
	howpublished = { Under review in proceedings of NeurIPS },
	year = { 2019 }}

@misc{nabi19sdr,
	author = { Razieh Nabi },
	title = { Semi-Parametric Causal Sufficient Dimension Reduction of High Dimensional Treatments },
	howpublished = { \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.06727}},
	year = { 2019 }}

@misc{Hurley18child, 
author = {Hurley, D.}, 
title = {Can an algorithm tell when kids are in danger?}, 
howpublished = {The New York Times, \url{https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/02/magazine/can-an-algorithm-tell-when-kids-are-in-danger.html}}, 
year = {2018},
}

@article{mattei2014identification,
	title={Identification of causal effects in the presence of nonignorable missing outcome values},
	author={Mattei, Alessandra and Mealli, Fabrizia and Pacini, Barbara},
	journal={Biometrics},
	volume={70},
	number={2},
	pages={278--288},
	year={2014},
	publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@inproceedings{robins04SNMM,
	author = { J. M. Robins },
	title = { Optimal structural nested models for optimal sequential decisions. },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the second Seattle symposium on biostatistics },
	pages = {189-326},
	year = { 2004 }
}


@article{nabi2022testability,
	title={On Testability and Goodness of Fit Tests in Missing Data Models},
	author={Nabi, Razieh and Bhattacharya, Rohit},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.00132},
	year={2022}
}

@article{scharfstein2003generalized,
	title={Generalized additive selection models for the analysis of studies with potentially nonignorable missing outcome data},
	author={Scharfstein, Daniel O and Irizarry, Rafael A},
	journal={Biometrics},
	volume={59},
	number={3},
	pages={601--613},
	year={2003},
	publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{rotnitzky1998semiparametric,
	title={Semiparametric regression for repeated outcomes with nonignorable nonresponse},
	author={Rotnitzky, Andrea and Robins, James M and Scharfstein, Daniel O},
	journal={Journal of the {A}merican {S}tatistical {A}ssociation},
	volume={93},
	number={444},
	pages={1321--1339},
	year={1998},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@book{elements17peters,
	author = { Jonas Peters and Dominik Janzing and Bernhard Scholkopf },
	title = { Elements of Causal Inference Foundations and Learning Algorithms },
	publisher = { MIT Press },
	year = { 2017 }}

@book{bertsekas96neuro,
	author = { Dimitri P. Bertsekas and John Tsitsiklis },
	title = { Neuro-Dynamic Programming },
	publisher = { Athena Publishing },
	year = { 1996 }}

@inproceedings{NabiShpitser18Fair, 
author = {Nabi, R. and Shpitser, I.}, 
title = {Fair Inference on Outcomes}, 
booktitle = {proceedings of the thirty second AAAI conference on Association for the Advancement of Artificial
Intelligence},  
year = {2018}
}

@article{vansteelandt2007estimation,
	title={Estimation of regression models for the mean of repeated outcomes under nonignorable nonmonotone nonresponse},
	author={Vansteelandt, Stijn and Rotnitzky, Andrea and Robins, James},
	journal={Biometrika},
	volume={94},
	number={4},
	pages={841--860},
	year={2007},
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@book{Moodie13DTR, 
author = {B. Chakraborty and EE. Moodie}, 
title = {Statistical Methods for Dynamic Treatment Regimes: Reinforcement Learning, Causal Inference, and Personalized Medicine}, 
publisher = {New York: Springer-Verlag}, 
year = {2013}
}

@article{scharfstein99adjusting,
	author = { Scharfstein, Daniel O. and Rotnitzky, Andrea and Robins, James M. },
	title = { Adjusting for nonignorable drop-out using semi-parametric nonresponse models },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	year = { 1999 },
	volume = { 94 },
	pages = { 1096-1146 }}

@article{Kusner17fair, 
author = {Kusner, M. J. and Loftus, J. R. and Russell, Ch. and Silva, R. }, 
title = {Counterfactual Fairness}, 
journal = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, 
year = {2017},
}

@article{Kilbertus17fair, 
author = {Kilbertus, N. and Rojas-Carulla, M. and Parascandolo, G. and Hardt, M. and Janzing, D. and Scholkopf, B. }, 
title = {Avoiding Discrimination through Causal Reasoning}, 
journal = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, 
pages = {656-666},
year = {2017},
}

@book{2014using,
  title={Using Publicly Available Information to Proxy for Unidentified Race and Ethnicity: A Methodology and Assessment},
  url={https://books.google.com/books?id=N3ZqnQAACAAJ},
  publisher={Consumer Financial Protection Bureau},
  year={2014}
}

@article{sanchez2010women,
  title={Women and women of color in leadership: Complexity, identity, and intersectionality.},
  author={Sanchez-Hucles, Janis V and Davis, Donald D},
  journal={American Psychologist},
  volume={65},
  number={3},
  pages={171},
  year={2010},
  publisher={American Psychological Association}
}

@article{crenshaw1991mapping,
  title={Mapping the margins: Identity politics, intersectionality, and violence against women},
  author={Crenshaw, Kimberl{\'e}},
  journal={Stanford Law Review},
  volume={43},
  number={6},
  pages={1241--1299},
  year={1991}
}

@article{bright2016causally,
  title={Causally interpreting intersectionality theory},
  author={Bright, Liam Kofi and Malinsky, Daniel and Thompson, Morgan},
  journal={Philosophy of Science},
  volume={83},
  number={1},
  pages={60--81},
  year={2016},
  publisher={University of Chicago Press Chicago, IL}
}

@article{malinsky2018intervening,
  title={Intervening on structure},
  author={Malinsky, Daniel},
  journal={Synthese},
  volume={195},
  number={5},
  pages={2295--2312},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{hall99density,
	title = { Density Estimation under Constraints },
	author = { Peter Hall and Brett Presnell },
	journal = { Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics },
	volume = { 8 },
	number = { 2 },
	pages = { 259-277 },
	year = { 1999 }}

@article{gaulding95race,
	title = { Race, Sex, and Genetic Discrimination in Insurance: What's Fair },
	author = { Jill Gaulding },
	journal = { Cornell Law Review },
	volume = { 80 },
	issue = { 6 },
	year = { 1995 }}

@article{abrams1989gender,
  title={Gender discrimination and the transformation of workplace norms},
  author={Abrams, Kathryn},
  journal={Vand. L. Rev.},
  volume={42},
  pages={1183},
  year={1989},
  publisher={HeinOnline}
}

@inproceedings{kusner17counterfactual,
	author = { Matt J. Kusner and Joshua R. Loftus and Chris Russell and Ricardo Silva
 },
	title = { Counterfactual Fairness },
	booktitle = { Advances In Neural Information Processing Systems (to appear) },
	pages = {  },
	year = { 2017 }
}

@misc{mitchell18prediction,
	title = { Prediction-Based Decisions and Fairness: A Catalogue of Choices, Assumptions, and Definitions },
	howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07867}},
	author = { Shira Mitchell, Eric Potash, Solon Barocas },
	year = { 2018 }}

@misc{mitchell18speak, 
	title = { Reflections on Quantitative Fairness }, 
	howpublished = {\url{https://speak-statistics-to-power.github.io/fairness/}}, 
	author = { Shira Mitchell and Jackie Shalden },
	year = {2018}
}

@inproceedings{zhang18fairness,
	author = { Junzhe Zhang and Elias Bareinboim },
	title = { Fairness in Decision-Making -- The Causal Explanation Formula },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Thirty Second Conference on Artificial 			Intelligence },
	year = { 2018 }}

@inproceedings{Zhang17causal,
	author = {Lu Zhang and Yongkai Wu and Xintao Wu},
  	title = {A Causal Framework for Discovering and Removing Direct and Indirect Discrimination},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI-17}},
	pages = {3929--3935},
	year = {2017}
}

@misc{lind1753treatise,
	author = { James Lind },
	title = { A Treatise of the Scurvy in Three Parts },
	publisher = { Kincaid },
	pages = { 127--},
	year = { 1753 }}

@article{miles19on,
	title = { On semiparametric estimation of a path-specific effect in the presence of mediator-outcome confounding },
	author = { Caleb H. Miles and Ilya Shpitser and Phyllis Kanki and Seema Meloni and Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen },
	journal = { Biometrika },
	volume = { 107 },
	issue = { 1 },
	pages = { 159-172 },
	howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02011}},
	year = { 2019 }}

@misc{shpitser17modeling,
	title = { Modeling Interference Via Symmetric Treatment Decomposition },
	note = { {W}orking paper },
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Ryan Andrews },
	howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.01050} },
	year = { 2017 }}

@inproceedings{sutskever2014sequence,
  title={Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks},
  author={Sutskever, Ilya and Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc V},
  booktitle={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  pages={3104--3112},
  year={2014}
}

@article{tchetgen20auto,
	title = { Auto-G-Computation of Causal Effects on a Network },
	author = { Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Isabel Fulcher and Ilya Shpitser },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	year = { 2020 }}

@misc{causalSDR17,
	title = { Semi-parametric Causal Sufficient Dimension Reduction Of High Dimensional Treatment},
	author = { Razieh Nabi and Ilya Shpitser },
	year = { 2017 }, 
	url = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.06727}}
	}

@article{PHD02Cook,
	author = {RD. Cook and B. Li},
	title = {Dimension Reduction for Conditional mean in regression},
	volume = {30},
	pages = { 455-474 },
	year = { 2002 },
	journal = {The Annals of Statistics}}

@article{MA12SDR,
	author = {Y. Ma and L. Zhu},
	title = {A semiparametric approach to dimension reduction},
	volume = {107},
	pages = { 168-179 },
	year = { 2012 },
	journal = {Journal of American Statistical Association}}

@article{SIR91Li,
	author = {KC Li },
	title = { Sliced Inverse Regression for Dimension Reduction (with discussion)},
	volume = { 86},
	pages = { 316-342 },
	year = { 1991 },
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association }}
	
@article{SAVE91Cook,
	author = {RD. Cook RD and S. Weisberg},
	title = { Discussion of Sliced Inverse Regression for Dimension Reduction},
	volume = { 86},
	pages = { 28-33 },
	year = { 1991 },
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association }}

@article{DR07Li,
	author = {B. Li B and S. Wang},
	title = {On Directional Regression for Dimension Reduction},
	volume = { 102},
	pages = { 997-1008 },
	year = { 2007 },
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association }}


@article{kernel07Zhu,
	author = {LX. Zhu and KT. Fang},
	title = {Asymptotics for Kernel Estimation of Sliced Inverse Regression},
	volume = { 3},
	pages = { 1053-1068 },
	year = { 1996 },
	journal = {The Annals of Statistics}}

@article{tchetgen11double,
	author = { Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Andrea Rotnitzky },
	title = { Double-robust estimation of an exposure-outcome odds ratio adjusting for confounding in cohort and case-control studies. },
	journal = { Statistics in Medicine },
	volume = { 30 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 335-347 },
	year = { 2011 }}

@misc{Lichman13adult, 
author = {M. Lichman}, 
howpublished = {\href{https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/adult}}, 
title = {{UCI} Machine Learning Repository},
year = {2013}
}

@misc{EEOC, 
title = {The {U.S. EEOC.} Uniform guidelines on employee
selection procedures}, 
year = {March 2, 1979}
}

@misc{WH, 
title = {Big data: A report on algorithmic systems, opportunity, and civil rights}, booktitle = {Executive Office of the President}, 
year = {May 2016}
}

@misc{propublica,
author = {J. Angwin and J. Larson and S. Mattu and L. Kirchner},
title  = {Machine Bias},
year   = {2016},
howpublished = {\href{https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing}{https://www.propublica.org/criminal-sentencing}}
}

https://www.whitecase.com/publications/insight/algorithms-and-bias-what-lenders-need-know

@misc{whitecase,
	author = { Kevin Petrasic and Benjamin Saul and Matthew Bornfreund},
	title = { Algorithms and bias: What lenders need to know },
	year = { 2017 },
	howpublished = {\href{https://www.whitecase.com/publications/insight/algorithms-and-bias-what-lenders-need-know}},
	}

@article{comparison06hernan,
	author = { Miguel A. Hernan and Emilie Lanoy and Dominique Costagliola
		and James M. Robins },
	title = { Comparison of Dynamic Treatment Regimes via Inverse
		Probability Weighting },
	volume = { 98 },
	issue = { 3 },
	pages = { 237-242 },
	year = { 2006 },
	journal = { Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology }}

@article{cortes95svm,
	author = { Cortes, C and Vapnik, V. },
	title = { Support-vector networks },
	journal = { Machine Learning },
	volume = { 20 },
	issue = { 3 },
	pages = { 273-297 },
	year = { 1995 }}

@article{chen16owl,
	author = { Guanhua Chen and Donglin Zeng and Michael R. Kosorok },
	title = { Personalized Dose Finding Using Outcome Weighted Learning },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 111 },
	number = { 516 },
	pages = { 1509-1521 },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{harcourt10risk,
	author = { Bernard E. Harcourt },
	title = { Risk as a proxy for race: the dangers of risk assessment },
	journal = { Federal Sentencing Reporter },
	volume = { 27 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 237-243 },
	year = { 2015 }}

@article{angwin16machine,
	author = { Julia Angwin and Jeff Larson and Surya Mattu and Lauren Kirchner },
	title = { Machine Bias: ThereÕs software used across the country to predict future criminals. And itÕs biased against blacks. },
	journal = { Propublica },
        url = {https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing},
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{corbett-davies17algorithmic,
	author = { Sam Corbe-Davies and Emma Pierson and Avi Feller and Sharad Goel and Aziz Huq },
	title = { Algorithmic decision making and the cost of fairness },
	journal = { arxiv preprint: 1701.08230 },
	year = { 2017 }}

@article{jabbari16fair,
	author = { Shahin Jabbari and Matthew Joseph and Michael Kearns and Jamie Morgenstern and and Aaron Roth },
	title = { Fair Learning in Markovian Environments },
	journal = { arxiv preprint: 1611.03071 },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{kamiran13quantifying,
	author = { Faisal Kamiran and Indre Zliobaite and Toon Calders },
	title = { Quantifying explainable  discrimination and removing illegal discrimination in automated decision making },
	journal = { Knowledge and information systems },
	volume = { 35 },
	number = { 3 },
	pages = { 613-644 },
	year = { 2013 }}

@article{shpitser17idf,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Identification in Causal Models With Hidden Variables },
	journal = { Journal of the French Statistical Society (to appear) },
	year = { 2017 }}

@misc{carson96discrimination,
	title = { Carson vs {B}ethlehem {S}teel {C}orp. },
	note = { 70 FEP cases 921 },
	author = { 7th {C}ircuit {C}ourt },
	year = { 1996 }}

@misc{rrs20volume_id_arxiv,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins },
	title = { Multivariate Counterfactual Systems And Causal Graphical Models },
	howpublished = { \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.06017} },
	year = { 2020 }}

@misc{rrs20volume_mediation_arxiv,
	author = { James M. Robins and Thomas S. Richardson and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { An Interventionist Approach to Mediation Analysis },
	howpublished = { \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.06019} },
	year = { 2020 }}

@inproceedings{shpitser17idh,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Identification in Graphical Causal Models },
	booktitle = { Handbook of Graphical Models },
	editors = { Steffen Lauritzen, Marloes Maathuis, Martin Wainwright,
		and Mathias Drton },
	year = { 2017 }}

@inproceedings{didelez17causal,
	author = { Vanessa Didelez },
	title = { Causal Concepts and Graphical Models },
	booktitle = { Handbook of Graphical Models },
	editors = { Steffen Lauritzen, Marloes Maathuis, Martin Wainwright,
		and Mathias Drton },
	year = { 2017 }}

@inproceedings{pedreshi08discrimination,
	author = { Dino Pedreshi and Salvatore Ruggieri and Franco Turini },
	title = { Discrimination-aware data mining },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international
	conference on knowledge discovery and data mining },
	pages = { 560-568 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@inproceedings{hardt16equality,
	author = { Moritz Hardt and Eric Price and Nati Srebro },
	title = { Equality of opportunity in supervised learning },
	booktitle = { Advances In Neural Information Processing Systems },
	pages = { 3315 - 3323 },
	year = { 2016 }}

@inproceedings{feldman15certifying,
	author = { Michael Feldman and Sorelle A Friedler and John Moeller and Carlos Scheidegger and Suresh Venkatasubramanian },
	title = { Certifying and removing disparate impact },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining },
	pages = { 259-268 },
	publisher = { ACM },
	year = { 2015 }}


@article{chen_harnessing_2007,
        title = {Harnessing naturally randomized transcription to infer regulatory relationships among genes},
        volume = {8},
        issn = {1465-6906},
        url = {http://genomebiology.com/2007/8/10/R219},
        doi = {10.1186/gb-2007-8-10-r219},
        abstract = {We develop an approach utilizing randomized genotypes to rigorously infer causal regulatory relationships among genes at the transcriptional level, based on experiments in which genotyping and expression profiling are performed. This approach can be used to build transcriptional regulatory networks and to identify putative regulators of genes. We apply the method to an experiment in yeast, in which genes known to be in the same processes and functions are recovered in the resulting transcriptional regulatory network.},
        journal = {Genome Biology},
        author = {Lin Chen and Frank Emmert-Streib and John Storey},
        year = {2007},
        keywords = {causality},
        pages = {R219}
}

@incollection{drton08iterative,
year={2008},
isbn={978-3-7908-2083-6},
booktitle={COMPSTAT 2008},
editor={Brito, Paula},
doi={10.1007/978-3-7908-2084-3_8},
title={Iterative Conditional Fitting for Discrete Chain Graph Models},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2084-3_8},
publisher={Physica-Verlag HD},
keywords={categorical data; chain graph; conditional independence; graphical model},
author={Drton, Mathias},
pages={93-104},
language={English}
}

@article{richardson17nested,
	title={Nested Markov properties for acyclic directed mixed graphs},
	author={Richardson, Thomas S and Evans, Robin J and Robins, James M and Shpitser, Ilya},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.06686},
	year={2017}
}



@inproceedings{evans:didelez:15,
title = {Recovering from Selection Bias using Marginal Structure in Discrete Models},
author = {Evans, R.~J. and Didelez, V.},
pages = {46--55},
url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1504/uai2015aci_paper4.pdf},
year = { 2015 },
crossref = {UAI2015CI},
}

@misc{robins12respond,
	author = { James M. Robins and Larry Wasserman },
	title = { Robins and {W}asserman Respond to a Nobel Prize Winner },
        howpublished = {\small\url{https://normaldeviate.wordpress.com/2012/08/28/robins-and-wasserman-respond-to\\-a-nobel-prize-winner/} },
	year = { 2012 }
	}

@article{tchetgen16discrete,
	title={Discrete choice models for nonmonotone nonignorable missing data: Identification and inference},
	author={Tchetgen, Eric J Tchetgen and Wang, Linbo and Sun, BaoLuo},
	journal={Statistica Sinica},
	volume={28},
	number={4},
	pages={2069},
	year={2018},
	publisher={NIH Public Access}
}


@article{sadinle16itemwise,
	title={Itemwise conditionally independent nonresponse modelling for incomplete multivariate data},
	author={Sadinle, Mauricio and Reiter, Jerome P},
	journal={Biometrika},
	volume={104},
	number={1},
	pages={207--220},
	year={2017},
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
}


@article{chipman10bart,
	author = { Hugh A. Chipman and Edward I. George and Robert E. McCulloch },
	title = { {BART}: Bayesian additive regression trees },
	journal = { Annals of Applied Statistics },
	volume = { 4 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 266-298 },
	year = { 2010 }}

@article{caleb17quantifying,
	title = { Quantifying an Adherence Path-Specific Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy 		in the Nigeria PEPFAR Program },
	author = { Caleb Miles and Ilya Shpitser and Phyllis Kanki and Seema Melone and
		Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	year = { 2017 }}

@article{caleb19on,
	title = { On semiparametric estimation of a path-specific effect in the presence of mediator-outcome confounding },
	author = { Caleb Miles and Ilya Shpitser and Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen },
	journal = { Biometrika },
	year = { 2019 }}

@article{caleb16on,
	title = { On Partial Identification of the Pure Direct Effect },
	author = { Caleb Miles and Phyllis Kanki and Seema Meloni and
		Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} },
	journal = { Journal of Causal Inference },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{drton16generic,
	author = { Drton, M. and Weihs, L. },
	title = { Generic identifiability of linear structural equation models by ancestor 		decomposition },
	journal = { Scandinavian Journal of Statistics },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{foygel12halftrek,
	author = { Rina Foygel and Jan Draisma and Mathias Drton },
	title = { Half-Trek Criterion for Generic Identifiability of
		Linear Structural Equation Models },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	volume = { 40 },
	number = { 3 },
	pages = { 1682-1713 },
	year = { 2012 }}

@article{drton11global,
	author = { Mathias Drton and Rina Foygel and Seth Sullivant },
	title = { Global Identifiability of Linear Structural Equation Models },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	volume = { 39 },
	number = { 2 },
	pages = { 865-886 },
	year = { 2011 }}
	
@article{imai10general,
	author = { Kosuke Imai and Luke Keele and Dustin Tingley },
	title = { A General Approach to Causal Mediation Analysis },
	journal = { Psychological Methods },
	volume = { 15 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 309-334 },
	year = { 2010 }}

@article{chen07semiparametric,
	title = { A Semiparametric Odds Ratio Model for Measuring Association },
	journal = { {B}iometrics },
	author = { Hua Yun Chen },
	volume = { 63 },
	pages = { 413-421 },
	year = { 2007 }}

@article{mozeika14consistent,
	title = { Consistent inference of a general model using the pseudolikelihood method },
	journal = { Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. },
	author = { Mozeika,  A. and Dikmen, O. and Piili, J. },
	volume = { 90 },
	issue = { 1 },
	year = { 2014 }}


@article{daniel2012using,
	title={Using causal diagrams to guide analysis in missing data problems},
	author={Daniel, Rhian M. and Kenward, Michael G. and Cousens, Simon N. and De Stavola, Bianca L.},
	journal={Statistical Methods in Medical Research},
	volume={21},
	number={3},
	pages={243--256},
	year={2012},
	publisher={Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@techreport{thoemmes2013selection,
	title={Selection of auxiliary variables in missing data problems: Not all auxiliary variables are created equal},
	author={Thoemmes, Felix and Rose, Norman},
	year={2013},
	institution={R-002, Cornell University}
}

@article{martel2013definition,
	title={Definition and diagnosis of problematic attrition in randomized controlled experiments},
	author={Martel Garc{\'\i}a, Fernando},
	journal={Available at SSRN 2302735},
	year={2013}
}

@inproceedings{saadati2019adjustment,
	title={Adjustment criteria for recovering causal effects from missing data},
	author={Saadati, Mojdeh and Tian, Jin},
	booktitle={European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
	year={2019}, 
}

@unpublished{vanderlaan12networks,
	title = { Causal Inference for Networks.},
	note = { {W}orking paper },
	author = { Mark J. van der Laan },
	year = { 2012 }}

@unpublished{vanderlaan12networks,
	title = { Causal Inference for Networks.},
	note = { {W}orking paper },
	author = { Mark J. van der Laan },
	year = { 2012 }}
	
@article{robins97non-a,
	author = { Robins, James M.},
	title = { Non-response Models for the analysis of non-monotone non-ignorable missing data },
	journal = { Statistics in Medicine },
	volume = { 16 },
	year = { 1997 },
	pages = { 21-37 }}
	
@article{robins97non-b,
	author = { Robins, James M. and Gill, Richard D.},
	title = { Non-response Models for the analysis of non-monotone ignorable missing data },
	journal = { Statistics in Medicine },
	volume = { 16 },
	year = { 1997 },
	pages = { 39-56 }}

@article{vinokur97mastery,
	author = { Vinokur, A. and Schul, Y. },
	title = { Mastery and inoculation against setbacks as active ingredients
			in the jobs intervention for the unemployed },
	journal = { Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology },
	volume = { 65 },
	number = { 5 },
	pages = { 867-877 },
	year = { 1997}}

@article{vanderweele14on,
	author = { Tyler J. VanderWeele and Whitney R. Robinson },
	title = { On causal interpretation of race in regressions adjusting for confounding and mediating variables },
	journal = { Epidemiology },
	volume = { 25 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 473-484 },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{hudgens08toward,
	author = { M.G. Hudgens and M.E. Halloran },
	title = { Toward Causal Inference With Interference },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 103 },
	number = { 482 },
	pages = { 832-842 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@article{mnih2015human,
  title={Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning},
  author={Mnih, Volodymyr and Kavukcuoglu, Koray and Silver, David and Rusu, Andrei A and Veness, Joel and Bellemare, Marc G and Graves, Alex and Riedmiller, Martin and Fidjeland, Andreas K and Ostrovski, Georg and others},
  journal={Nature},
  volume={518},
  number={7540},
  pages={529},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
}

@inproceedings{garcia10identifying,
	author = { Garcia-Puente, L. D. and Spielvogel, S. and Sullivant, S. },
	title = { Identifying causal effects with computer algebra },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) },
	editors = { P. Grnwald and P. Spirtes, eds. },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
	year = { 2010 }}


@inproceedings{robins97marginal,
	author = { James M. Robins },
	title = { Marginal Structural Models },
	booktitle = { American Statistical Association, Section on Bayesian Statistical Science },
	pages = { 1-10 },
	year = { 1997 }}

@inproceedings{robins89analysis,
	author = { James M. Robins },
	title = { The analysis of randomized and 
		non-randomized AIDS treatment trials using a new approach	
		to causal inference in longitudinal studies },
	editor = { Sechrest, L. and Freeman, H. and Mulley, A. },
	booktitle = { Health Service Research Methodology: A Focus on AIDS },
	publisher = { NCHSR, U.S. Public Health Service },
	year = { 1989 },
	pages = { 113-159 }}

@article{robins92estimation,
	author = { James M. Robins },
	title = { Estimation of the time-dependent accelerated failure time
		model in the presence of confounding factors },
	journal = { Biometrika },
	volume = { 79 },
	year = { 1992 },
	pages = { 321-334 }}



@inproceedings{robins99on,
	author = { James M. Robins and Larry Wasserman },
	title = { On the Impossibility of Inferring Causation from Association without
		Background Knowledge },
	booktitle = { Computation, Causation, and Discovery },
	editor = { C. Glymour and G. Cooper },
	publisher = { Menlo Park, CA, CAmbridge, MA: AAAI Press/The MIT Press },
	pages = { 305 -- 321 },
	year = { 1999 }
}

@inproceedings{robins99testing,
	author = { James M. Robins },
	title = { Testing and estimation of direct effects by reparameterizing
		directed acyclic graphs with structural nested models },
	booktitle = { Computation, Causation, and Discovery },
	editor = { C. Glymour and G. Cooper },
	publisher = { Menlo Park, CA, CAmbridge, MA: AAAI Press/The MIT Press },
	pages = { 349 -- 405 },
	year = { 1999 }
}

@article{roweis99unifying,
	author = { Sam Roweis and Zoubin Ghahramani },
	title = { A Unifying Review of Linear {G}aussian Models },
	journal = { Neural Computation },
	volume = { 11 },
	number = { 2 },
	pages = { 305--345 },
	year = { 1999 }
}

@article{zongming08structural,
	author = { Zongming Ma and Xianchao Xie and Zhi Geng },
	title = { Structural learning of chain graphs via decomposition },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	volume = { 9 },
	pages = { 2847--2880 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@article{beal04var,
	author = { Matthew J. Beal and Zoubin Ghahramani },
	title = { Variational {B}ayesian Learning of Directed
		Graphical Models with Hidden Variables },
	journal = { Bayesian Analysis },
	volume = { 1 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 1--44 },
	year = { 2004 }}

@article{shimizu06linear,
	author = { Shohei Shimizu and Patrik O. Hoyer and Aapo Hyv\"arinen and
		Antti J. Kerminen },
	title = { A linear non-{G}aussian acyclic model for causal discovery },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	volume = { 7 },
	pages = { 2003--2030 },
	year = { 2006 }
}

@article{hill11bayesian,
	author = { Jennifer L. Hill },
	title = { Bayesian Nonparametric Modeling for Causal Inference },
	journal = { Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics },
	volume = { 20 },
	number = { 1 },
	year = { 2011 }}
	
@Article{geiger:01,
  author = 	 {Geiger, D. and Heckerman, D. and King, H. and Meek, C.},
  title = 	 {Stratified exponential families: graphical models and model selection},
  journal = 	 {Ann. Statist.},
  year = 	 {2001},
  volume = 	 {29},
  optnumber = 	 {2},
  pages = 	 {505--529},
}

@Article{drton:sullivant,
  author = 	 {Drton, M. and Sullivant, S.},
  title = 	 {Algebraic statistical models},
  journal = 	 {Statistica Sinica},
  year = 	 {2007},
  volume =	 {17},
  pages =	 {1273--1297},
}
@article{maathuis:2010,
    author = {M. H. Maathuis and D. Colombo and  M. Kalisch and P.  B{\"{u}}hlmann},
    title = { Predicting causal effects in large-scale systems from observational data},
    year = {2010},
    journal = {Nature Methods},
    volume = {7},
    pages = {247--248},
 }

@article{colombo:2012,
    author = {D. Colombo and  M.H. Maathuis and M. Kalisch and T.S. Richardson },
    title = { Learning high-dimensional directed acyclic graphs with latent and selection variables},
    year = {1993},
    journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
    volume = {40},
    pages = {294--321},
 }


@article{lloyd82least,
	author = { S. P. Lloyd },
	title = { Least squares quantization in PCM },
	journal = { IEEE Transactions on Information Theory },
	volume = { 28 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 129-137 },
	year = { 1982 }}

@inproceedings{garside87claws,
	author = { Garside, R. },
	title = { The CLAWS Word-tagging System },
	booktitle = { The Computational Analysis of English: A Corpus-based approach },
	editors = { R. Garside and G. Leech and G. Sampson },
	year = { 1987 }}

@article{baum66statistical,
  author = { Leonard E. Baum and Ted Petrie },
  title = { Statistical Inference for Probabilistic Functions of Finite State {M}arkov Chains },
  journal = { Annals of Mathematical Statistics },
  volume = { 37 },
  number = { 6 },
  pages = { 1554-1563 },
  year = { 1966 }}

@article{ising25beitrag,
  author = { Ernst Ising },
  title = { {B}eitrag zur {T}heorie des {F}erromagnetismus },
  journal = { Zeitschrift fr Physik },
  volume = { 31 },
  issue = { 1 },
  pages = { 253-258 },
  year = { 1925 }}

@article{bang05doubly,
  title = { Doubly Robust Estimation in Missing Data and Causal Inference Models },
  author = { Heejung Bang and James M. Robins },
  journal = { Biometrics },
  volume = { 61 },
  pages = { 962-972 },
  year = { 2005 }}
  
@article{varin11overview,
  title = { An overview of composite likelihood methods },
  author = { Cristiano Varin and Nancy Reid and David Firth },
  journal = { Statistica Sinica },
  volume = { 21 },
  year = { 2011 },
  pages = { 5-42 }} 

@article{besag75pseudo,
  title = { Statistical Analysis of Lattice Data },
  author = { Julian Besag },
  journal = { The Statistician },
  volume = { 24 },
  number = { 3 },
  pages = { 179-195 },
  year = { 1975 }}

@article{de2012commentary,
  title={Commentary: Marginal Structural Models: The Way Forward for Life-course Epidemiology?},
  author={De Stavola, Bianca L and Daniel, Rhian M},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  volume={23},
  number={2},
  pages={233--237},
  year={2012},
  publisher={LWW}
}

@article{nandi2012using,
  title={Using marginal structural models to estimate the direct effect of adverse childhood social conditions on onset of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke},
  author={Nandi, Arijit and Glymour, M Maria and Kawachi, Ichiro and VanderWeele, Tyler J},
  journal={Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)},
  volume={23},
  number={2},
  pages={223},
  year={2012},
  publisher={NIH Public Access}
}
@article{cole2008constructing,
  title={Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models},
  author={Cole, Stephen R and Hernan, Miguel A},
  journal={American journal of epidemiology},
  volume={168},
  number={6},
  pages={656--664},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Oxford Univ Press}
}
@article{vourli2015performance,
  title={Performance of the marginal structural models under various scenarios of incomplete marker's values: A simulation study},
  author={Vourli, Georgia and Touloumi, Giota},
  journal={Biometrical Journal},
  volume={57},
  number={2},
  pages={254--270},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@incollection{robins2000sensitivity,
	title={Sensitivity analysis for selection bias and unmeasured confounding in missing data and causal inference models},
	author={Robins, James M and Rotnitzky, Andrea and Scharfstein, Daniel O},
	booktitle={Statistical models in epidemiology, the environment, and clinical trials},
	pages={1--94},
	year={2000},
	publisher={Springer}
}

@incollection{card95using,
title = { Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Return to Schooling },
author = { David Card },
booktitle = { Aspects of Labour Economics: Essays in Honour of John Vanderkamp },
editor = { Louis Christofides, E. Kenneth Grant and Robert Swindinsky },
publisher = { University of Toronto Press },
year = { 1995 }}

@article{recht11simpler,
	author = { Benjamin Recht },
	title = { A Simpler Approach to Matrix Completion },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	volume = { 12 },
	pages = { 3413-3430 },
	year = { 2011 }}

@article{dawid15statistical,
	author = { Dawid, A. P. },
	title = { Statistical causality from a decision-theoretic perspective },
	journal = { Annual Review of Statistics and its Applications },
	volume = { 2 },
	pages = { 273-303 },
	year = { 2015 }}

@incollection{dawid07counterfactuals,
	author = { Dawid, A. P. },
	title = { Counterfactuals, hypotheticals and potential responses: A philosophical examination of statistical causality },
	booktitle = { Causality and Probability in the Sciences, Texts in Philosophy, Volume 5 },
	editor = { Russo, F. and Williamson, J. },
	pages = { 503-532 },
	publisher = { College Publications, London },
	year = { 2007 }}

@inproceedings{newey94large,
	author = { Whitney Newey and Daniel McFadden },
	title = { Chapter 35: Large sample estimation and hypothesis testing },
	booktitle = { Handbook of Econometrics, Vol.4 },
	publisher = { Elsevier Science },
	pages = { 2111-2245 },
	year =  {1994 }}
	
@inproceedings{nabi20completeness,
	author = { Razieh Nabi and Rohit Bhattacharya and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Full Law Identification In Graphical Models Of Missing Data: Completeness Results. },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-20) },
	year = { 2020 }}

@inproceedings{lafferty01conditional,
	author = { Lafferty, J. and McCallum, A. and Pereira, F. },
	title = { Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-01) },
	publisher = { Morgan Kaufmann },
	pages = { 282 -- 289 },
	year = { 2001 }}

@inproceedings{spirtes95cyclic,
	author = { Peter Spirtes },
	title = { Directed cyclic graphical representations of feedback models },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-95) },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
	pages = { 491-498 },
	year = { 1995 }}

@article{Ding2018causal,
	title={Causal Inference: A Missing Data Perspective},
	author={Peng Ding and Fan Li},
	journal={Statistical Science},
	volume={33},
	pages={214-237},
	year={2018}
}

	
@article{shpitser2016consistent,
	title={Consistent estimation of functions of data missing non-monotonically and not at random},
	author={Shpitser, Ilya},
	journal={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
	volume={29},
	pages={3144--3152},
	year={2016}
}
	
	
@inproceedings{shpitser15missing,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Karthika Mohan and Judea Pearl },
	title = { Missing Data as a Causal and Probabilistic Problem },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Thirty First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-15) },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
	pages = { 802-811 },
	year = { 2015 }}

@article{shpitser15hierarchy,
	title = { Causal Inference with a Graphical Hierarchy of Interventions },
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics},
	volume = { 44 },
	number = { 6 },
	pages = { 2433-2466 },
	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
	eprint  = "1411.2127",
	primaryClass  = "stat",
	year = { 2016 }}

@unpublished{evans15smooth,
	title = { Smooth, identifiable supermodels of discrete {DAG} models with latent variables },
	author = { Robin J. Evans and Thomas S. Richardson },
	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
	eprint  = "1511.06813",
	primaryClass  = "stat",
	note = "Unpublished",
	year = { 2015 }}


@unpublished{richardson15risk,
	title = { On Modeling and Estimation for the Relative Risk and Risk Difference },
	note = { In Review },
	author = { Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins and Linbo Wang },
	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
	eprint  = "1510.02430",
	primaryClass  = "stat",
	year = { 2015 }}

@inproceedings{shpitser15segregated,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Segregated Graphs and Marginals of Chain Graph Models },
	booktitle = { Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 },
	publisher = { Curran Associates, Inc. },
	editors = {  },
	year = { 2015 }}
	
@article{koster02marginalizing,
	author = { Jan T. A. Koster },
	title = { Marginalizing and Conditioning in Graphical Models },
	journal = { Bernoulli },
	volume = { 8 },
	number = { 6 },
	pages = { 817-840 },
	year = { 2002 }}

@article{cox93linear,
	author = { Cox, D. R. and Wermuth, N. },
	title = { Linear Dependencies Represented by Chain Graphs },
	journal = { Statistical Science },
	volume = { 8 },
	number = { 3 },
	pages = { 204-283 },
	year = { 1993 }}

@article{wermuth11probability,
	author = { Nanny Wermuth },
	title = { Probability distributions with summary graph structure },
	journal = { Bernoulli },
	volume = { 17 },
	number = { 3 },
	pages = { 845-879 },
	year = { 2011 }}

@article{sadeghi14markov,
	author = { Kayvan Sadeghi and Steffen Lauritzen },
	title = { Markov properties for mixed graphs },
	journal = { Bernoulli },
	volume = { 20 },
	number = { 2 },
	pages = { 676-696},
	year = { 2014 }}

@unpublished{vanderlaan12networks,
	title = { Causal Inference for Networks.},
	note = { {W}orking paper },
	author = { Mark J. van der Laan },
	year = { 2012 }
	}

@article{fulcher19robust,
	title = { Robust Inference On Population Indirect Causal Effects: The Generalized Front-Door Criterion },
	author = { Isabel R. Fulcher and Ilya Shpitser and Stella Marealle and Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} },
	year = { 2019 },
	journal = { Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B }
	}

@unpublished{victor16double,
	title = { Double/Debiased Machine Learning for Treatment and Causal Parameters },
	author = { Victor Chernozhukov and Denis Chetverikov and Mert Demirer and Esther Duflo and Christian Hansen and Whitney Newey and James Robins },
	year = { 2016 },
  howpublished = {\url{
https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.00060
}}}

@suppperiodical{shpitser15nep,
	title = { Supplementary materials for: Causal Inference with
		a Graphical Hierarchy of Interventions },
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} },
	doi = {},
	year = { 2015 }}


@article{identification14jessica,
	author = { Jessica G. Young and Miguel A. Hernan and James M. Robins },
	title = { Identification, Estimation and Approximation of Risk under
		interventions that depend on the natural value of treatment
		using observational data },
	journal = { Epidemiologic Methods },
	volume = { 3 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 1-19 },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{population08hubbard,
	author = { Alan E. Hubbard and Mark J. Van Der Laan },
	title = { Population Intervention Models in Causal Inference },
	journal = { Biometrika },
	volume = { 95 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 35-47 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@article{ogburn14interference,
	author = { Elizabeth L. Ogburn and Tyler J. VanderWeele },
	title = { Causal Diagrams for Interference },
	journal = { Statistical Science },
	volume = { 29 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 559-578 },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{vanderlaan14connected,
	author = { Mark J. van der Laan },
	title = { Causal Inference for a Population of Causally Connected
		Units },
	journal = { Journal of Causal Inference },
	volume = { 2 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 13-74 },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{murphy03optimal,
	author = { Susan A. Murphy },
	title = { Optimal Dynamic Treatment Regimes },
	journal = { Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series B) },
	volume = { 65 },
	pages = { 331-366 },
	year = { 2003 }}

@article{moodie07demystifying,
	author = { Erica E. M. Moodie and Thomas S. Richardson and
		David A. Stephens },
	title = { Demystifying optimal dynamic treatment regimes },
	journal = { Biometrics },
	volume = { 63 },
	number = { 2 },
	pages = { 447-455 },
	year = { 2007 }}

@article{spohn12reversing,
	author = { Wolfgang Spohn },
	title = { Reversing 30 years of discussion: why causal decision
		theorists should one-box },
	journal = { Synthese },
	volume = { 187 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 95-122 },
	year = { 2012 }}

@article{bell64on,
	author = { John Bell },
	title = { On the {E}instein {P}odolsky {R}osen Paradox },
	journal = { Physics },
	volume = { 1 },
	number = { 3 },
	pages = { 195-200 },
	year = { 1964 }}

@article{heitjan91ignorability,
	author = { Daniel F. Heitjan and Donald Rubin },
	title = { Ignorability and Coarse Data },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	volume = { 19 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 2244-2253 },
	year = { 1991 }}

@article{principal07frangakis,
	author = { Constantine E. Frangakis and Donald B. Rubin and Ming-Wen
		An and Ellen MacKenzie },
	title = { Principal Stratification Designs to Estimate Input Data
		Missing Due to Death },
	journal = { Biometrics },
	volume = { 63 },
	pages = { 641-662 },
	year = { 2007 }}

@article{rubin76inference,
	author = { Donald B. Rubin },
	title = { Causal Inference and Missing Data (with discussion) },
	journal = { Biometrika },
	volume = { 63 },
	pages = { 581-592 },
	year = { 1976 }}

@article{kaplan58nonparametric,
	author = { E.L. Kaplan and P. Meier },
	title = { Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 53 },
	issue = { 282 },
	pages = { 457-481 },
	year = { 1958 }}

@article{dempster77maximum,
	author = { A.P. Dempster and N.M. Laird and D.B. Rubin },
	title = { Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via
		the {EM} Algorithm },
	journal = { Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B },
	volume = { 39 },
	issue = { 1 },
	pages = { 1-38 },
	year = { 1977 }}

@article{drton09discrete,
	author = { Mathias Drton },
	title = { Discrete chain graph models },
	journal = { Bernoulli },
	volume = { 15 },
	number = { 3 },
	pages = { 736-753 },
	year = { 2009 }}

@article{tchetgen12on,
	author = { Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Tyler J. VanderWeele },
	title = { On Causal Inference in the Presence of Interference },
	journal = { Statistical Methods in Medical Research },
	volume = { 21 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 55-75 },
	year = { 2012 }}

@ARTICLE{lauritzen02chain,
    author = {Steffen L. Lauritzen and Thomas S. Richardson},
    title = {Chain graph models and their causal interpretations (with discussion)},
    journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B},
    year = {2002},
    volume = {64},
    pages = {321--361}
}

@article{ogburn2017vaccines,
  title={Vaccines, contagion, and social networks},
  author={Ogburn, Elizabeth L and VanderWeele, Tyler J and others},
  journal={The Annals of Applied Statistics},
  volume={11},
  number={2},
  pages={919--948},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Institute of Mathematical Statistics}
}

@article{ogburn2017causal,
  title={Causal inference for social network data},
  author={Ogburn, Elizabeth L and Sofrygin, Oleg and Diaz, Ivan and van der Laan, Mark J},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.08527},
  year={2017}
}

@article{vanderweele12components,
	author = { Tyler J. VanderWeele and Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and
		M. Elizabeth Halloran },
	title = { Components of the indirect effect in vaccine trials:
		identification of contagion and infectiousness effects },
	journal = { Epidemiology },
	volume = { 23 },
	number = { 5 },
	pages = { 751-761 },
	year = { 2012 }}

@article{halloran95causal,
	author = { M. Elizabeth Halloran and C. J. Struchiner },
	title = { Causal inference for infectious diseases },
	journal = { Epidemiology },
	volume = { 6 },
	pages = { 142-151 },
	year = { 1995 }}

@article{drton09likelihood,
	author = { Mathias Drton },
	title = { Likelihood ratio tests and singularities },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	volume = { 37 },
	number = { 2 },
	pages = { 979--1012 },
	year = { 2009 }
}

@article{shpitser14behave,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Robin J. Evans and Thomas S.
		Richardson and James M. Robins },
	title = { Introduction to Nested {M}arkov Models },
	journal = { Behaviormetrika },
	volume = { 41 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 3-39 },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{cole04adjusted,
	author = { Stephen Cole and Miguel Hernan },
	title = { Adjusted survival curves with inverse probability weights },
	journal = { Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine },
	volume = { 75 },
	pages = { 45-49 },
	year = { 2004 }}

@article{robins04effects,
        author = { James M. Robins and Miguel A. Hernan and Uwe Siebert },
        title = { Effects of multiple interventions },
        journal = { Comparative quantification of health risks : global and
                regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk
                factors },
        volume = { 2 },
        number = { 28 },
        pages = { 2191-2230 },
        publisher = { Geneva: World Health Organization },
        year = { 2004 }}

@article{gelfand92bayesian,
	author = { Alan E. Gelfand and Adrian F. M. Smith and Tai-Ming Lee },
	title = { Bayesian analysis of constrained parameter and truncated data problems using {G}ibbs sampling },
	journal = { Journal of the {A}merican {S}tatistical {A}ssociation },
	volume = { 87 },
	number = { 418 },
	pages = { 523-532 },
	year = { 1992 }
}

@article{tchetgen14semi,
        author = { Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Ilya Shpitser },
        title = { Estimation of a Semiparametric Natural Direct Effect Model
                Incorporating Baseline Covariates},
        journal = { Biometrika },
        year = { 2014 }}

@inproceedings{robins04optimal,
	author = { James M. Robins },
	title = { Optimal structural nested models for optimal sequential
		decisions },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Second Seattle Symposium on
		Biostatistics },
	publisher = { New York. Springer },
	editors = { Lin, D. Y. and Heagerty, P. },
	year = { 2004 }}

@inproceedings{shpitser09ett,
        author = { Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl },
        title = { Effects of treatment on the treated: identification and
        generalization },
        booktitle = { Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence },
	volume = { 25 },
        publisher = { AUAI Press },
        year = { 2009 }}

@article{richardson06markov,
	author = { Matthew Richardson and Pedro Domingos },
	title = { Markov logic networks },
	journal = { Machine Learning },
	volume = { 62 },
	issue = { 1-2 },
	pages = { 107-136 },
	year = { 2006 }}

@inproceedings{milch07blog,
	author = { Brian Milch and Bhaskara Marthi and Stuart Russell and
		David Sontag and Daniel L. Ong and Andrey Kolobov },
	title = { BLOG: Probabilistic Models with Unknown Objects },
	booktitle = { Lise Getoor and Ben Taskar, eds.
		Statistical Relational Learning },
	publisher = { Cambridge, MA: MIT Press },
	year = { 2007 }}

@unpublished{tchetgen11cond,
author = { Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Ilya Shpitser },
title = { Semiparametric Theory for Causal Mediation Analysis: efficiency
bounds, multiple robustness, and sensitivity analysis },
note = { Unpublished manuscript
	(http://www.bepress.com/harvardbiostat/paper130) },
year = { 2011 }}

% ^ this is in biometrika now.

@article{Jester15sentencing, 
author = {Barry-Jester, A. and Casselman, B. and Goldstein, D.}, 
title = {The new science of sentencing}, 
journal = {The Marshall Project \href{https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/08/04/the-new-science-of-sentencing}{https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/08/04/the-new-science-of-sentencing}}, 
year = {2015},
}


@article{Rudin16policing, 
author = {Ruding, C.}, 
title = {Predictive policing using machine learning to detect patterns of crime}, 
journal = {Wired Magazine \href{https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/08/predictive-policing-using-machine-learning-to-detect-patterns-of-crime/}{https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/08/predictive-policing-using-machine-learning-to-detect-patterns-of-crime/}}, 
year = {2013},
}


@article{Miller16hiring, 
author = {Miller, C.}, 
title = {Can an algorithm hire better than a human?}, 
journal = {The New York Times, \href{https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/26/upshot/can-an-algorithm-hire-better-than-a-human.html}{https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/26/upshot/can-an-algorithm-hire-better-than-a-human.html}}, 
year = {2015},
}

@book{roberts02shattered,
	author = { Dorothy Roberts },
	title = { Shattered Bonds: The color of child welfare },
	publisher = { Civitas Books },
	year = { 2002 }}

@book{bertsekas82constrained,
	author = { Dimitri P. Bertsekas },
	title = { Constrained Optimization and Lagrange Multiplier Methods },
	publisher = { Academic Press },
	year = { 1982 }}

@book{mcmc11brooks,
	author = { Steve Brooks and Andrew Gelman and Galin Jones and Xiao-Li Meng},
	title = { Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo },
	publisher = { Chapman and Hall/CRC },
	year = { 2011 }}


@book{hojsgaard12graphical,
	author = { Soren Hojsgaard and David Edwards and Steffen Lauritzen },
	title = { Graphical Models with R },
	edition = { 1st edition },
	publisher = { Springer-Verlag New York },
	year = { 2012 }}

@book{tsiatis06missing,
	author = { Anastasios Tsiatis },
	title = { Semiparametric Theory and Missing Data },
	edition = { 1st edition },
	publisher = { Springer-Verlag New York },
	year = { 2006 }}

@book{wooldridge15introductory,
	author = { Jeffrey M. Wooldridge },
	title = { Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach },
	edition = { 5th edition },
	publisher = { South-Western, Mason, OH },
	year = { 2015 }}

@book{kenny06dyadic,
	author = { David A. Kenny and Deborah A. Kashy and William L. Cook },
	title = { Dyadic Data Analysis },
	publisher = { Guilford Press New York },
	year = { 2006 }}

@book{vinod10advances,
	author = { Hrishikesh D. Vinod },
	title = { Advances in Social Science Research Using R },
	publisher = { Springer-Verlag New York },
	year = { 2010 }}

@book{wasserman05all,
	author = { Larry Wasserman },
	title = { All Of Statistics (a Concise Course in Statistical Inference) },
	publisher = { Springer, New York },
	year = { 2005 }}

@book{erica13statistical,
	author = { Bibhas Chakraborty and Erica E. M. Moodie },
	title = { Statistical Methods for Dynamic Treatment Regimes (Reinforcement Learning, Causal Inference, and Personalized Medicine) },
	publisher = { Springer, New York },
	year = { 2013 }}

@book{koller09probabilistic,
	author = { Daphne Koller and Nir Friedman },
	title = { Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques },
	publisher = { The MIT Press, Cambridge MA},
	year = { 2009 }}

@book{van03unified,
	author = { James M. Robins and Mark van der Laan },
	title = { Unified Methods for Censored Longitudinal Data
		and Causality },
	publisher = { Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. },
	year = { 2003 }}

@book{fisher66identification,
	author = { Franklin M. Fisher },
	title = { The identification problem in econometrics },
	publisher = { McGraw-Hill Book Company },
	year = { 1966 }}

@inproceedings{eun09presence,
	Author = { Eun Yong Kang and Ilya Shpitser and Hyun Min Kang and
		Chun Ye and Eleazar Eskin },
	Title = { Detecting the Presence and Absence of Causal Relationships
		Between Expression of Yeast Genes with Very Few Samples },
	Booktitle = { RECOMB },
	Year = { 2009 },
}

@article{dawid02influence,
	author = { A.P. Dawid },
	title = {Influence diagrams for causal modelling and inference. },
	Journal = {International Statistical Review},
	volume = {70},
	pages = {161-189},
	year = {2002}}

@article{friedman2000ubn,
 	title={{Using Bayesian Networks to Analyze Expression Data}},
 	author={Friedman, N. and Linial, M. and Nachman, I. and Pe'er, D.},
 	journal={Journal of Computational Biology},
 	volume={7},
 	number={3-4},
 	pages={601--620},
 	year={2000},
 	publisher={Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.}
}

@misc{peer2001isp,
  	title={{Inferring subnetworks from perturbed expression profiles}},
  	author={Pe'er, D. and Regev, A. and Elidan, G. and Friedman, N.},
  	journal={Bioinformatics},
  	volume={17},
  	number={90001},
  	pages={215--224},
  	year={2001},
  	publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{segal2003mni,
  	title={{Module networks: identifying regulatory modules and their
	condition-specific regulators from gene expression data}},
  	author={Segal, E. and Shapira, M. and Regev, A. and Pe'er, D. and
	Botstein, D. and Koller, D. and Friedman, N.},
  	journal={Nat Genet},
  	volume={34},
  	number={2},
  	pages={166--76},
  	year={2003}
}

@article{friedman2004icn,
  	title={{Inferring Cellular Networks Using Probabilistic Graphical Models}},
  	author={Friedman, N.},
  	journal={Science's STKE},
  	volume={303},
  	number={5659},
  	pages={799},
  	year={2004},
  	publisher={AAAS}
}

@conference{hartemink2001ugm,
  	title={{Using graphical models and genomic expression data to statistically validate models 	of genetic regulatory networks}},
  	author={Hartemink, A.J. and Gifford, D.K. and Jaakkola, T.S. and Young, R.A.},
  	booktitle={Pac. Symp. Biocomput},
  	volume={6},
  	pages={422--433},
  	year={2001}
}



@inproceedings{shpitser13sparse,
	author  = { Ilya Shpitser and Robin Evans and Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins },
	title = { Sparse Nested {M}arkov Models with Log-linear Parameters },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty Ninth Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-13) },
	pages = { 576-585 },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
	year = { 2013 }}

@article{eun10presence,
	author = { Eun Yong Kang and Chun Ye and Ilya Shpitser and
		Eleazar Eskin },
	Title = { Detecting the Presence and Absence of Causal Relationships
		Between Expression of Yeast Genes with Very Few Samples },
    journal = { Journal of Computational Biology },
    volume = { 17(3) },
    pages = { 533-546 },
    year = { 2010 }}

@book{heckman92random,
    author = { J. J. Heckman },
    title = { Randomization and social policy evaluation },
    pages = { 201-230 },
    publisher = { In: Evaluations: Welfare and Training Programs,
                Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press },
    year = { 1992 }
}

@inproceedings{richardson12markov,
  	author = { Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins and Ilya Shpitser },
  	title = { Nested {M}arkov Properties for Acyclic Directed Mixed Graphs },
  	booktitle = { {U}ncertainty in {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence },
	volume = { 28 },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
  	year = { 2012 }
}

@inproceedings{sherman20general,
	author = { Eli Sherman and Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS 2020) },
	title = { General Identification of Dynamic Treatment Regimes Under Interference },
	year = { 2020 }}

@inproceedings{silva11mixed,
	author = { Silva, R. and Blundell, C. and Teh, Y.W. },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS 2011) },
	title = { Mixed cumulative distribution networks },
	year = { 2011 }}
	
@article{chickering02equiv,
	author = { David Maxwell Chickering },
	title = { Learning Equivalence Classes of Bayesian Network
		Structures },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	year = { 2002 },
	volume = { 2 },
	pages = {445-498}}

@article{vanderweele13on,
	author = { Tyler J. Vander{W}eele and Ilya Shpitser },
   	title = { On the definition of a confounder },
   	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
   	volume = { 41 },
   	number = { 1 },
   	pages = { 196-220 },
   	year = { 2013 }}
   
@article{shpitser10complete,
	title = {A Complete Graphical Criterion for the Adjustment Formula in
	Mediation Analysis},
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Tyler J. VanderWeele },
	journal = { International Journal of Biostatistics },
	year = { 2010 }
}


@article{ackley85learning,
	author = { David H. Ackley and Geoffrey E. Hinton and
		Terrence J. Seinowski },
	title = { A learning algorithm for {B}oltzmann machines },
	journal = { Cognitive Science },
	volume = { 9 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 147-169 },
	year = { 1985 }}

@article{silva09hidden,
	title = { The hidden life of latent variables: bayesian learning with
		mixed graph models },
	author = { Ricardo Silva an Zoubin Ghahramani },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	volume = { 10 },
	pages = { 1187--1238 },
	year = { 2009 }}

@inproceedings{shpitser12parameter,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins
		and Robin J. Evans },
	title = { Parameter and Structure Learning in Nested {M}arkov Models },
	booktitle = { Causal Structure Learning Workshop of the 28th
		Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
		(UAI-12) },
	year = { 2012 }
}

@incollection{shpitser16consistent,
	title = { Consistent Estimation of Functions of Data Missing Non-Monotonically and Not at Random },
	author = { Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS-16) },
	year = { 2016 },
	publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.}
}

@incollection{mohan13missing,
title = {Graphical Models for Inference with Missing Data},
author = {Mohan, Karthika and Pearl, Judea and Tian, Jin},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26},
pages = {1277--1285},
year = {2013},
publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
}

@incollection{mohan14missing,
title = {Graphical Models for Recovering Probabilistic and Causal Queries from Missing Data},
author = {Mohan, Karthika and Pearl, Judea},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27},
pages = {1520--1528},
year = {2014},
publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
}

@techreport{yudkowsky10tdt,
	author = { Eliezer Yudkowsky },
	title = { Timeless Decision Theory },
	institution = { Machine Intelligence Research Institute },
	year = { 2010 }}

@techreport{pearl14rec,
	author = { Judea Pearl and Karthika Mohan },
	title = { Recoverability and Testability of Missing data:
		Introduction and Summary of Results },
	institution = { UCLA Computer Science Department },
	year = { 2014 }}

@techreport{pearl13simpsons,
	author = { Judea Pearl },
	title = { Understanding {S}impson's Paradox },
	institution = { UCLA Computer Science Department },
	year = { 2013 }}

@techreport{shpitser12nested,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins and Robin Evans },
	title = { Parameter and Structure Learning in Nested {M}arkov Models },
	institution = { UAI Causal Structure Learning Workshop },
	year = { 2012 }}

@book{earwaker92helping,
	author = { J. Earwaker },
	title = { Helping and supporting students: rethinking the issues. },
	publisher = { Buckingham: SRHE and Open University Press },
	year = { 1992 }}

@book{biggs07teaching,
	author = { John Biggs and Catherine Tang },
	title = { Teaching for Quality Learning at University },
	publisher = { McGraw-Hill International },
	year = { 2007 }}

@book{gosling01pcap,
	author = { Gosling D. and Moon J. },
	title = { How to Use Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria },
	publisher = { Southern England Consortium for Credit Accumulation
		and Transfer (SEEC) },
	year = { 2001 }}

@misc{math6128url,
  title = { Southampton Mathematical Sciences {MATH 6128} Module Website },
  howpublished = {\url{
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/maths/postgraduate/taught\_modules/math6128\_stochastic\_processes.page
}},
  year = {2014}
}

@misc{math2012url,
  title = { Southampton Mathematical Sciences {MATH 2012} Module Website },
  howpublished = {\url{
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/maths/undergraduate/modules/math2012\_stochastic\_processes.page
}},
  year = {2014}
}

@article{shalizi2011homophily,
  title={Homophily and contagion are generically confounded in observational social network studies},
  author={Shalizi, Cosma Rohilla and Thomas, Andrew C},
  journal={Sociological methods \& research},
  volume={40},
  number={2},
  pages={211--239},
  year={2011},
  publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{evans14markovian,
	author = { Robin J. Evans and Thomas S. Richardson },
	title = { Markovian Acyclic Directed Mixed Graphs for Discrete Data },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	pages = { 1-30 },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{imbens94identification,
	author = { Imbens, G. and Angrist, J. },
	title = { Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects },
	journal = { Econometrics },
	volume = { 62 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 467-476 },
	year = { 1994 }}

@article{hirano00assessing,
	author = { Keisuke Hirano and Guido W. Imbens and Donald B. Rubin and Xiao-Hua Zhou },
	title = { Assessing the effect of an influence vaccine in an encouragement design },
	journal = { Biostatistics },
	volume = { 1 },
	issue = { 1 },
	pages = { 69-88 },
	year = { 2000 }}

@article{smith96constructing,
	author = { Smith, G. and Wood, L. and Coupland, M. and
	Stephenson, B. and Crawford, K. and Ball, G. },
	title = { Constructing mathematical examinations to assess a range
	of knowledge and skills },
	journal = { international journal of mathematical education in science
	and technology },
	volume = { 27 },
	issue = { 1 },
	pages = { 65-77 },
	year = { 1996 }}

@inproceedings{studeny98bayesian,
	author = { Milan Studeny },
	title = { Bayesian Networks from the Point of View of Chain Graphs },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-98) },
	pages = { 496-503 },
	publisher = { Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA },
	year = { 1998 }}

@inproceedings{studeny92conditional,
	author = { Milan Studeny },
	title = { Conditional Independence Relations Have No Finite Complete Characterization },
	booktitle = { Information Theory, Statistical Decision Functions and Random Processes. Transactions of the 11th Prague Conference vol. B },
	publisher = { Kluwer, Dordrecht - Boston - London (also Academia, Prague) },
	pages = { 377-396 },
	year = { 1992 }}

@inproceedings{perkovic15complete,
	author = { Emilija Perkovic and Johannes Textor and Markus Kalisch and Marloes H Maathuis },
	title = { A complete generalized adjustment criterion },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Thirty First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-15) },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
	year = { 2015 }}

@inproceedings{shpitser10on,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Tyler VanderWeele and James M. Robins },
	title = { On the Validity of Covariate Adjustment for Estimating
		Causal Effects },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty Sixth Conference on Uncertainty
		in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-10) },
	pages = { 527-536 },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
	year = { 2010 }}

@inproceedings{galbraith01conceptual,
	author = { Galbraith, P. and Haines, C. },
	title = { Conceptual and procedural demands embedded in modelling		tasks },
	booktitle = { Modelling and mathematics education: ICTMA9: applications
	in science and technology },
	pages = { 342-353 },
	publisher = { Chichester, England: Horwood publishing },
	year = { 2001 }}

@book{polya81math,
	author = { P\'olya, G. },
	title = { Mathematical discovery },
	publisher = { New York: John Wiley \& Sons },
	year = { 1981 }}

@article{kadijevich99conceptual,
	author = { Kadijevich, Dj },
	title = { Conceptual tasks in mathematical education },
	journal = { The teaching of mathematics },
	volume = { 2 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 59-64 },
	year = { 1999 }}

@book{mullis01timss,
	author = { I.V.S. Mullis and M.O. Martin and T.A. Smith and
	R.A. Garden and K.D. Gregory and E.J. Gonzalez and
	S.J. Chrostowski and K.M. O'Connor },
	title = { TIMSS assessment frameworks and specifications 2003 },
	publisher = { Chestnut Hill, MA: International Study Center, Boston
	College },
	year = { 2001 }}

@book{rubin87multiple,
	author = { Donald B. Rubin },
	title = { Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys },
	publisher = { New York: Wiley \& Sons },
	year = { 1987 }}

@book{freeman98planning,
	author = { Freeman, R. and Lewis, R. },
	title = { Planning and implementing assessment. },
	publisher = { London: Kogan Page },
	year = { 1998 }}

@article{kilpatrick93chain,
	author = { Kilpatrick, J. },
	title = { The chain and the arrow: from the history of mathematics
	assessment. },
	journal = { Investigations into mathematics education: an ICMI study },
	pages = { 31-46 },
	year = { 1993 }}

@article{brickhouse00what,
	author = { Nancy W. Brickhouse and Patricia Lowery and
		Katherine Schultz },
	title = { What Kind of a Girl Does Science?  The Construction of
		School Science Identities },
	journal = { Journal of Research in Science Teaching },
	volume = { 37 },
	number = { 5 },
	year = { 2000 },
	pages = { 441-458 }}

@article{chinn02asian,
	author = { Pauline W.U. Chinn },
	title = { Asian and Pacific Islander Women Scientists and Engineers:
	A Narrative Exploration of Model Minority, Gender, and Racial
	Stereotypes },
	journal = { Journal of Research in Science Teaching },
	volume = { 39 },
	number = { 4 },
	year = { 2002 },
	pages = { 302-323 }}

@article{plucker96secondary,
	author = { Jonathan A. Plucker },
	title = { Secondary Science and Mathematics Teachers and Gender Equity: 
		Attitudes and Attempted Interventions },
	journal = { Journal of Research in Science Teaching },
	volume = { 33 },
	number = { 7 },
	pages = { 737-751 },
	year = { 1996 }}

@article{labudde00girls,
	author = { Peter Labudde and Walter Herzog and Markus P.
	Neuenschwander and Enrico Violi and Charlotte Gerber },
	title = { {G}irls and physics: teaching and learning strategies tested
	by classroom interventions in grade 11 },
	journal = { International Journal of Science Education },
	volume = { 22 },
	number = { 2 },
	year = { 2000 }}

@article{brotman08girls,
	author = { Jennie S. Brotman and Felicia M. Moore },
	title = { Girls and Science: A Review of Four Themes in the
		Science Education Literature },
	journal = { Journal of Research in Science Teaching },
	volume = { 45 },
	number = { 9 },
	pages = { 971--1002 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@article{imai10id,
	author = { Kosuke Imai and Luke Keele and Teppei Yamamoto },
	title = { Identification, Inference and Sensitivity Analysis for
		Causal Mediation Effects },
	journal = { Statistical Science },
	volume = { 25 },
	number = { 1 },
	year = { 2010 },
	pages = { 1-144 }}

@article{thomas13swig,
	title={Single World Intervention Graphs ({SWIG}s): A Unification of the Counterfactual and Graphical Approaches to Causality},
	author={Richardson, Thomas S and Robins, James M},
	year={2013}
}


@article{tyler13on,
	author = { Tyler J VanderWeele and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { On the Definition of a Confounder },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	volume = { 41 },
	number = { 1 },
	year = { 2013 },
	pages = { 196-220 }}

Holland, Paul W. (1986). "Statistics and Causal Inference". J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 81 (396): 945â960.

@article{holland86statistics,
	author = { Paul W. Holland },
	title = { Statistics and Causal Inference },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 81 },
	issue = { 396 },
	pages = { 945-960 },
	year = { 1986 }}

@article{robins94estimation,
	author = { James M. Robins and Andrea Rotnitzky and Lue P. Zhao },
	title = { Estimation of regression coefficients when some regressors are not always observed },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	publisher = { Taylor \& Francis, Milton Park },
	volume = { 89 },
	pages = { 846-866 },
	year = { 1994 }}

@article{robins95semi,
	author = { James M. Robins and Andrea Rotnitzky },
	title = { Semiparametric Efficiency in Multivariate Regression Models
		with Missing Data },
	 journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 90 },
	issue = { 429 },
	pages = { 122-129 },
	year = { 1995 }}

@article{robins87graphical,
	author = { James M. Robins },
	title = { A graphical approach to the identification and estimation of causal parameters in mortality studies with sustained exposure periods },
	journal = { Journal of Chronic Diseases },
	volume = { 40 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 139-161 },
	year = { 1987 }}

@article{horvitz52weights,
	author = { D. G. Horvitz and D. J. Thompson },
	title = { A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite
		universe },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 47 },
	pages = { 663-685 },
	year = { 1952 }}

@article{rosenbaum83propensity,
	author = { Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin },
	title = { The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational
		Studies for Causal Effects },
	journal = { Biometrika },
	volume = { 70 },
	issue = { 1 },
	year = { 1983 },
	pages = { 41-55 }}

@article{shpitser13cogsci,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Counterfactual Graphical Models for Longitudinal Mediation
		Analysis With Unobserved Confounding },
	journal = { Cognitive Science ({R}umelhart special issue) },
	volume = { 37 },
	issue = { 6 },
	year = { 2013 },
	pages = { 1011-1035}}

@article{kullback51on,
	author = { Kullback, S. and Leibler, R.A. },
	title = { On information and sufficiency },
	journal = { Annals of Mathematical Statistics },
	volume = { 22 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 79-86 },
	year = { 1951 }}

@article{tchetgen12semi2,
	author = { Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Semiparametric theory for causal mediation analysis:
	efficiency bounds, multiple robustness, and sensitivity analysis },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics (in Press) },
	year = { 2012 }}

@inproceedings{robins99marginal,
	author = { James M. Robins },
	title = { Marginal Structural Models versus Structural Nested Models as
		Tools for Causal Inference },
	booktitle = { Statistical Models in Epidemiology: The Environment and
		Clinical Trials },
	editors = { M.E. Halloran and D. Berry },
	publisher = { NY: Springer-Verlag },
	year = { 1999 }}

@article{robins00marginal,
	author = { James M. Robins and Miguel Hernan and Babette Brumback },
	title = { Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology },
	journal = { Epidemiology },
	publisher = { Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn },
	volume = { 11(5) },
	year = { 2000 },
	pages = { 550-560 }}

@article{imai13experimental,
	author = { Kosuke Imai and Dustin Tingley and Teppei Yamamoto },
	title = { Experimental Designs for Identifying Causal Mechanisms },
	journal = { Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, series (A) },
	volume = { 176(1) },
	year = { 2013 }}

@article{word74nonverbal,
	author = { C.O. Word and M.P. Zanna and J. Cooper },
	title = { The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in
	interracial interaction },
	journal = { Journal of Experimental Social Psychology },
	year = { 1974 },
	volume = { 10 },
	pages = { 109-120 }}

@article{mackinnon95simulation,
	author = { D. P. MacKinnon and D. P. Warsi and J.H. Dwyer },
	title = { A simulation study of mediated effect measures },
	journal = { Multivariate Behavioral Research },
	volume = { 30 },
	year = { 1995 },
	pages = { 41-65 }}

@article{mackinnon93estimating,
	author = { D.P. MacKinnon and J.H. Dwyer },
	title = { Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies },
	journal = { Evaluation Review },
	volume = { 17(2) },
	pages = { 144-158 },
	year = { 1993 }}

@article{kaufman04further,
	author = { Jay S. Kaufman and Richard F. MacLehose and Sol Kaufman },
	title = { A further critique of the analytic strategy of adjusting for
	covariates to identify biologic mediation },
	journal = { Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations },
	volume = { 1:4 },
	pages = { 1-13 },
	year = { 2004 }}

@article{tyler09conceptual,
	author = { T. J. VanderWeele and S. Vansteelandt },
	title =  {Conceptual issues concerning mediation, intervention, and
		composition },
	journal = { Statistics and Its Interface (Special Issue on Mental Health
	and Social Behavioral Science) },
	volume = { 2 },
	year = { 2009 },
	pages = { 457-468 }}

@article{tyler12genetic,
	author = { Tyler J. VanderWeele and Kofi Asomaning and
	Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Younghun Han and
	Margaret R. Spitz and Sanjay Shete and Xifeng Wu and
	Valerie Gaborieau and Ying Wang and John McLaughlin and
	Rayjean J. Hung and Paul Brennan and Christopher I. Amos and
	David C. Christiani and Xihong Lin },
	title = { Genetic Variants on 15q25.1, Smoking, and Lung Cancer:
	An Assessment of Mediation and Interaction },
	journal = { American Journal of Epidemiology },
	volume = { 175(10) },
	pages = { 1013-1020 },
	year = { 2012 }}

@article{doll50smoking,
	author = { R. Doll and A. B. Hill },
	title = { Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung },
	journal = { BMJ },
	volume = { 2 },
	pages = { 739-748 },
	year = { 1950 }}

@article{sobel06what,
	author = { Michael E. Sobel },
	title = {  What do randomized studies of housing mobility demonstrate? Causal inference in the face of interference },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	year = { 2006 },
	volume = { 101.476 },
	pages = { 1398-1407 }}

@article{rucker11mediation,
	author = { Derek D. Rucker and Kristopher J. Preacher and
	Zakary L. Tormala and Richard E. Petty },
	title = { Mediation Analysis in Social Psychology: Current
	Practices and New Recommendations },
	journal = { Social and Personality Psychology Compass },
	year = { 2011 },
	volume = { 5/6 },
	pages = { 359-371 }}

@article{richardson03markov,
	author = { Thomas S. Richardson },
	title = { Markov properties for acyclic directed mixed graphs },
	journal = { Scandinavial Journal of Statistics },
	volume = { 30 },
	number = { 1 },
	pages = { 145-157 },
	year = { 2003 }}

@unpublished{richardson11generalized,
author = { Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins and Ilya Shpitser },
title = { Generalized {M}arkov Models Associated with Acyclic Directed Mixed
	Graphs },
note = { Unpublished manuscript },
year = { 2011 }}

@inproceedings{richardson12nested,
	author = { Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Nested {M}arkov Properties for Acyclic Directed Mixed Graphs },
	booktitle = { Twenty Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial
	Intelligence (UAI-12) },
	year = { 2012 }}

@inproceedings{zhang94simple,
	author = { N.L. Zhang and D. Poole },
	booktitle = { Tenth Canadian Conference on AI},
	title = { A Simple approach to {B}ayesian network computations },
	pages = {171-178},
	year = {1994}}

@article{Bertrand2004,
	Author = {Bertrand, M. and Mullainathan, S.}, 
	title = {Are {E}mily And {G}reg More Employable Than {L}akisha And {J}amal? A Field Experiment On Labor Market Discrimination}, 
	journal = { {A}merican {E}conomic {R}eview},
	volume = { 94 },	
	pages = {991-1013},
	year = {2004}
}


@inproceedings{nabi18fair,
	title = { Fair Inference on Outcomes },
	author = { Razieh Nabi and Ilya Shpitser },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Thirty Second Conference on Artificial 			Intelligence },
	year = { 2018 }, 
	publisher = { AAAI Press }
	}

@inproceedings{shpitser08dormant,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl },
	title = { Dormant Independence },
	booktitle = { Conference on Artificial Intelligence },
	volume = { 23 },
	year = { 2008 },
	publisher = { AAAI Press }}

@inproceedings{shpitser11eid,
	author = { Ilya Shpitser and Thomas S. Richardson and
		James M. Robins },
	title = { An efficient algorithm for computing interventional
		distributions in latent variable causal models },
	booktitle = { Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence },
	volume = { 27 },
	year = { 2011 },
	publisher = { AUAI Press }
}

@book{r04book,
	author = "{R Development Core Team}",
	title = { R: A language and environment for statistical computing },
	publisher = {Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
	url = {www.R-project.org},
	year = { 2004 }}

@book{mackinnon08mediation,
	author = {David P. Mackinnon },
	title = { Statistical Mediation Analysis },
	publisher = { New York: Tailor and Francisc Group },
	year = { 2008 }}

@article{robins10alternative,
	author = { James M. Robins and Thomas S. Richardson },
	title = { Alternative graphical causal models and the identification
		of direct effects },
	journal = { Causality and Psychopathology: Finding the Determinants
		of Disorders and their Cures },
	year = { 2010 },
	publisher = { P. Shrout, Editor. Oxford University Press }}

@article{baron86mm,
	author = { Reuben M. Baron and David A. Kenny },
	title = { The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social
		Psychology Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical
		Considerations },
	journal = { Journal of Personality and Social Psychology },
	year = { 1986 },
	pages = { 1173-1182 },
	volume = { 51 }
}

@article{judd81process,
	author = { C. M. Judd and D. A. Kenny },
	title = { Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment
		evaluation. },
	journal = { Evaluation Review },
	year = { 1981 },
	volume = { 5 },
	pages = { 602-619 }}

@article{woodworth28dynamic,
	author = { R. S. Woodworth },
	title = { Dynamic Psychology },
	journal = { Psychologies of 1925.  C. Murchison (ed.)},
	publisher = { Worcester, MA: Clark University Press },
	year = { 1928 }
}

@article{kennes91moebius,
	author = { R. Kennes },
	title = { Computational aspects of the Moebius transform of a graph },
	journal = { IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics },
	volume = {22},
	pages = {201-223},
	year = {1991}}

@article{richardson02ancestral,
	author = { Thomas Richardson and Peter Spirtes },
	title = { Ancestral graph {M}arkov models },
	Journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	volume = { 30 },
	pages = { 962-1030 },
	year = { 2002 }}

@article{ali09equiv,
	author = { Ayesha Ali and Thomas S. Richardson and Peter Spirtes },
	title = { Markov equivalence for ancestral graphs },
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	volume = {37},
	pages = {2808-2837},
	year = {2009}}

@article{drton08binary,
	author = { Drton, M. and T.S. Richardson },
	title = { Binary models for marginal independence },
	journal = { J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B },
	volume = {70(2)},
	pages = {287-309},
	year = {2008}}

@article{chickering02ges,
	author = { David Maxwell Chickering },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	title = { Optimal Structure Identification with Greedy Search },
	volume = { 3 },
	pages = {507-554},
	year = {2002}}

@article{schwarz78bic,
	author = {Gideon E. Schwarz},
	journal = { Annals of Statistics },
	title = {Estimating the dimension of a model},
	volume = {6},
	pages = {461-464},
	year = {1978}}

@inproceedings{kelly10flip,
	author = { Kevin T. Kelly and Conor Mayo-Wilson },
	booktitle = { 26th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial
		Intelligence },
	title = { Causal conclusions that flip repeatedly
		and their justification },
	year = { 2010 }}

@inproceedings{richardson09factorization,
	Author = { Thomas S. Richardson },
	Booktitle = { 25th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial
		Intelligence},
	Title = { A factorization criterion for acyclic directed mixed graphs },
	year = { 2009 }
}

@inproceedings{geiger90graphoids,
	Author = {Dan Geiger and David Heckerman},
	Booktitle = {Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
	Title =  {Separable and Transitive Graphoids},
	Year = {1990}
}

@inproceedings{tian09parameter,
	author = { Jin Tian },
	title = { Parameter identification in a class of linear structural equation models },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) },
	pages = { 1970-1975 },
	publisher = { AAAI Press, Palo Alto, CA },
	year = { 2009 }}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tian08dynamic,
AUTHOR = "Jin Tian ",
TITLE = "Identifying Dynamic Sequential Plans",
BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Conference Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-08)",
PUBLISHER = "AUAI Press",
ADDRESS = "Corvallis, Oregon",
YEAR = "2008",
PAGES = "554--561"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{chickering02finding,
AUTHOR = "David Chickering and Christopher Meek",
TITLE = "Finding Optimal Bayesian Networks",
BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-02)",
PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
ADDRESS = "San Francisco, CA",
YEAR = "2002",
PAGES = "94--102"
}

@inproceedings{friedman97learning,
  author    = {Nir Friedman},
  title     = {Learning Belief Networks in the Presence of Missing Values and Hidden
               Variables},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Machine
               Learning {(ICML} 1997), Nashville, Tennessee, USA, July 8-12, 1997},
  pages     = {125--133},
  year      = {1997}
}
        
@inproceedings{shpitser09edge,
        Author = {Ilya Shpitser and Thomas S. Richardson and James M. Robins},
        Booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
        Title = {Testing Edges by Truncations},
        Volume = {21},
        pages = {1957-1963},
        Year = {2009}}

@article{kuroki14measurement,
	author = { Manabu Kuroki and Judea Pearl },
	title = { Measurement bias and effect restoration in causal inference },
	year = { 2014 },
	journal = { Biometrika },
	volume = { 101 },
	issue = { 2 },
	pages = { 423-437 }}

@ARTICLE{cai08bounds,
	author = { Zhihong Cai and Manabu Kuroki and Judea Pearl and Jin Tian },
	title = { Bounds on Direct Effects in the Presence of Confounded
		Intermediate Variables },
	year = { 2008 },
	journal = { Biometrics },
	volume = { 64 },
	pages = { 695 - 701 }
}

@ARTICLE{frydenberg90chain,
	author = { Morten Frydenberg },
	title = { The Chain Graph Markov Property },
	year = { 1990 },
	journal = { Scandinavian Journal of Statistics },
	volume = { 17 },
	pages = { 333 - 353 }
}


@ARTICLE{studeny98chain,
    author = {Milan Studeny and Remco R. Bouckaert},
    title = {On Chain Graph Models for Description of Conditional Independence
	Structures},
    year = {1998},
    journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
    volume = {26},
    number = {4},
    pages = { 1434-1495}
}

@ARTICLE{amp97characterization,
    author = {Steen A. Andersson and David Madigan and Michael D. Perlman},
    title = {A characterization of {M}arkov equivalence classes for acyclic digraphs},
    journal = {Annals of Statistics},
    year = {1997},
    volume = {25},
    pages = {505--541}
}

@inproceedings{pearl85constraint,
author = {Judea Pearl},
title = {A Constraint-Propagation Approach to Probabilistic Reasoning},
booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI)},
pages = {31-42},
year = {1985}
}

@inproceedings{pearl93calculus,
author = {Judea Pearl},
title = { A probabilistic calculus of actions },
booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI)},
volume = {10},
year = {1993},
pages = {454-462}
}

@article{pearl86fusion,
author = { Judea Pearl },
title = { Fusion, propagation, and structuring in belief networks },
journal = { Artificial Intelligence },
volume = { 29 },
year = {1986},
pages = { 241-288 }
}

@article{lauritzen88local,
author = {Steffan L. Lauritzen and David J. Spiegelhalter},
title = {Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and
their application to expert systems},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society},
volume = {Ser. B 50},
pages = {157-224},
year = {1988}
}

@article{pearl93comment,
author = { Judea Pearl },
title = { Comment: Graphical Models, Causality, and Intervention },
journal = { Statistical Science },
volume = { 8 },
number = { 3 },
pages = { 266-269 },
year = { 1993 }}

@article{pearl93belief,
Author = { Judea Pearl},
title = { Belief Networks Revisited },
journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
volume = { 59 },
pages = { 49-56 },
year = { 1993 }
}

@techreport{tchetgen12semi,
	author = { Eric J. {Tchetgen Tchetgen} and Ilya Shpitser },
	title = { Semiparametric estimation of models for natural direct
	and indirect effects },
	institution = { Department of Biostatistics,
		Harvard School of Public Health },
	number = { 129 },
	year = { 2012 }}

@article{pearl12causal,
  title={The causal mediation formula -- a guide to the assessment of pathways and mechanisms},
  author={Pearl, Judea},
  journal={Prevention Science},
  volume={13},
  number={4},
  pages={426--436},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@techreport{pearl11cmf,
	author = { Judea Pearl },
	title = { The causal mediation formula -- a guide to the
	assessment of pathways and mechanisms },
	institution = { Cognitive Systems Laboratory, University of
	California, Los Angeles },
	number = { R-379 },
	year = { 2011 }}


@techreport{verma88influence,
author = { T. Verma and Judea Pearl },
title = { Influence Diagrams and d-Separation },
institution = { Cognitive Systems Laboratory, University of California, Los
	Angeles },
number = { R-101 },
year = { 1988 }
}

@techreport{shpitser07appendum,
author = { Ilya Shpitser},
title = { Appendum to Identification of Conditional Interventional
	Distributions },
institution = {Cognitive Systems Laboratory, University of California, Los
	Angeles},
number = {R-329-APPENDUM},
year = {2007}
}

@techreport{verma86causal,
author = { Thomas S. Verma },
title = { Causal networks: semantics and expressiveness },
institution = {Cognitive Systems Laboratory, University of California, Los
Angeles},
number = {R-65},
year = {1986}
}

@techreport{verma90equiv,
        Author = {Thomas S. Verma and Judea Pearl},
        Institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of California,
                 Los Angeles},
        Number = {R-150},
        Title = {Equivalence and Synthesis of Causal Models},
        Year = {1990}}

@inproceedings{suzuki93mdl,
	Author = {J. Suzuki},
	Booktitle = {UAI 93},
	Title = {A construction of Bayesian networks from databases based on
		an MDL scheme},
	Year = {1993},
	Pages = {266-273}}

@inproceedings{shpitser06id,
	Author = {Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-06)},
	Institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles},
	title = {Identification of Joint Interventional Distributions in Recursive Semi-{M}arkovian Causal Models},
	publisher = { AAAI Press, Palo Alto },
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{shpitser06idc,
	Author = {Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty Second Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-06)},
	Institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles},
	title = {Identification of Conditional Interventional Distributions},
	pages = { 437-444 },
	publisher = { AUAI Press, Corvallis, Oregon },
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{huang06do,
	Author = {Yimin Huang and Marco Valtorta},
	Booktitle = {Twenty Second Conference On Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
	Institution = {Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of South Carolina},
	Title = {Pearl's Calculus of Interventions is Complete},
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{jordan02graphical,
	Author = {M. I. Jordan and Y. Weiss},
	Booktitle = {The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks,
		2nd edition},
	Title = {Graphical Models: Probabilistic Inference},
	Editor = {M. Arbib},
	Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{huang06ident,
	Author = {Yimin Huang and Marco Valtorta},
	Booktitle = {Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	Institution = {Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of South Carolina},
	Title = {Identifiability in Causal Bayesian Networks: A Sound and Complete Algorithm},
	Year = {2006}}

@inproceedings{pearl01direct,
	Author = {Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-01)},
	Pages = {411-420},
	Title = {Direct and Indirect Effects},
	publisher = { Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco },
	Year = {2001}}

@inproceedings{verma91theory,
	Author = {Judea Pearl and Thomas S. Verma},
	Booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning:
	Proceedings of the Second International Conference},
	Pages = {441-452},
	Title = {A Theory of Inferred Causation},
	Year = {1991},
}

@inproceedings{chen05ijcai,
	Author = {Chen Avin and Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = { Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-05)},
	Pages = {357-363},
	Title = {Identifiability of Path-Specific Effects},
	publisher = { Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco },
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2005}}

@inproceedings{pearl95seq,
	Author = {Judea Pearl and J. M. Robins},
	Booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
	Pages = {444-453},
	Title = {Probabilistic Evaluation of Sequential Plans from Causal Models with Hidden Variables},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{lam94mdl,
        author = {Lam, Wai and Bacchus, Fahiem},
        title = {Learning Bayesian Belief Networks: An Approach Based on the
		{MDL} Principle},
        journal = {Computational Intelligence},
        volume = {10},
        number = {4},
        year = 1994
}

@article{bickel75discrimination,
	Title = {Sex bias in graduate admissions: Data from Berkeley},
	Author = {P.J. Bickel, E.A Hammel, J.W. O'Connell},
	Journal = {Science},
	Pages = {398-404},
	Volume = {187},
	Year = {1975}}

@article{dejong02review,
	Title = {Modeling and Simulation of Genetic Regulatory Systems:
		A Literature Review},
	Author = {Hidde de Jong},
	Journal = {Journal of Computational Biology},
	Pages = {67-103},
	Volume = {9},
	year = {2002}}

@article{kalman60filter,
	Author = {R. E. Kalman},
	Journal = {Transactions of the ASME - Journal of Basic Engineering},
	Pages = {35-45},
	Title = {A New Approach to Linear Filter and Prediction Problems},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1960}}

@article{besag74spatial,
	Author = {J. Besag},
	Journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society},
	Pages = {192-236},
	Title = {Spatial Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of
		Lattice Systems},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1974}}

@article{robins86new,
	author = {James M. Robins},
	journal = {Mathematical Modeling},
	title = {A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with
		sustained exposure periods -- application to control of the
		healthy worker survivor effect},
	volume = {7},
	pages = {1393-1512},
	year = {1986}}

@article{robins87g,
	Author = {J. M. Robins},
	Journal = {Journal of Chronic Disease},
	Pages = {139-161},
	Title = {A Graphical Approach to the Identification and Estimation
	of Causal Parameters in Mortality Studies with Sustained Exposure
	Periods},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{dawid79cond,
	Author = {A. Philip Dawid},
	Journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society},
	Pages = {1-31},
	Title = {Conditional Independence in Statistical Theory},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{kuroki99jjsc,
	Author = {Manabu Kuroki and Masami Miyakawa},
	Journal = {Journal of Japan Statistical Society},
	Pages = {105-117},
	Title = {Identifiability Criteria for Causal Effects of Joint Interventions},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{goldberger72sem,
	Author = {Goldberger, A. S.},
	Journal = {Econometrika},
	Pages = {979-1001},
	Title = {Structural Equation Models in the Social Sciences},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {1972}}

@article{pearl95causal,
	Author = {Judea Pearl},
	Journal = {Biometrika},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {669--709},
	Title = {Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research},
	Url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/55450.html},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1995}}


@article{rubin04direct,
	author = {Donald B. Rubin},
	title = { Direct and indirect causal effects via potential outcomes },
	journal = { Scandinavian Journal of Statistics },
	volume = { 31 },
	pages = { 161-170 },
	year = { 2004 }}

@article{rubin05causal,
	author = {Donald B. Rubin},
	title = { Causal inference using potential outcomes: design,
		modeling, decisions },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 100 },
	pages = { 322-331 },
	year = { 2005 }}

@article{rubin74potential,
	Author = {Donald B. Rubin},
	Journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
	Pages = {688-701},
	Title = {Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and non-randomized studies},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {1974}}

@article{dawid00criticism,
	Author = {A Philip Dawid},
	Journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	Pages = {407-448},
	Title = {Causal Inference without Counterfactuals},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2000}}

@inproceedings{robins97estimation,
	author = { James M. Robins and Larry Wasserman },
	title = { Estimation of Effects of Sequential Treatments by
	Reparameterizing Directed Acyclic Graphs },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Uncertainty in
	Artificial Intelligence },
	year = { 1997 },
	pages = { 309-420 },
	publisher = { Morgan Kaufmann }}


@inproceedings{tian2015missing,
	title={Missing at random in graphical models},
	author={Tian, Jin},
	booktitle={Artificial Intelligence and Statistics},
	pages={977--985},
	year={2015},
	organization={PMLR}
}

@article{thoemmes2014cautious,
	title={A cautious note on auxiliary variables that can increase bias in missing data problems},
	author={Thoemmes, Felix and Rose, Norman},
	journal={Multivariate Behavioral Research},
	volume={49},
	number={5},
	pages={443--459},
	year={2014},
	publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{glymour2006using,
	title={Using causal diagrams to understand common problems in social epidemiology},
	author={Glymour, M Maria},
	journal={Methods in social epidemiology},
	pages={393--428},
	year={2006},
	publisher={Jossey-Bass San Francisco, CA}
}

@inproceedings{gill97coarsening,
	author = { Gill, R.D and van der Laan, M.J. and Robins, J. M. },
	booktitle = { First Seattle Symposium on Survival Analysis },
	pages = { 255-294 },
	title = { Coarsening at random: characterizations, conjectures and counterexamples. },
	year = { 1997 }}

@inproceedings{robins97longitudinal,
	Author = {James M. Robins},
	Booktitle = {Latent Variable Modeling and Applications to Causality},
	Pages = {69-117},
	Title = {Causal Inference from Complex Longitudinal Data},
	Volume = {120},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{robins92effects,
	Author = {James M. Robins and Sander Greenland},
	Journal = {Epidemiology},
	Pages = {143-155},
	Title = {Identifiability and Exchangeability of Direct and Indirect Effects},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{roweis99generative,
	Author = {Sam Roweis and Zoubin Ghahramani},
	Journal = {Neural Computation},
	Pages = {305-345},
	Title = {A Unifying Review of Linear Gaussian Models},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{halpern90probability,
	Author = {Joseph Y. Halpern},
	Doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(90)90019-V},
	Issn = {0004-3702},
	Journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {311--350},
	Title = {An analysis of first-order logics of probability},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {1990}}

@book{tinbergen37econometric,
	Author = { J. Tinbergen },
	title = { An Econometric Approach to Business Cycle Problems },
	Publisher = { Hermann, Paris },
	year = { 1937 }
}

@book{lauritzen96graphical,
	Author = {Steffan L. Lauritzen},
	Publisher = {Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon},
	Title = { Graphical Models},
	Year = {1996}}

@book{lewis73cntfcts,
	Author = {D. Lewis},
	Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press},
	Title = {Counterfactuals},
	Year = {1973}}

@book{fisher51design,
	Author = {R. A. Fisher},
	Publisher = {6th edition.  Edinburgh, U.K.: Oliver and Boyd},
	Title = {The Design of Experiments},
	Year = {1926}}

@book{kline05sem,
	Author = {R. B. Kline},
	Publisher = {The Guilford Press},
	Title = {Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{baxter92exact,
	Author = {R. J. Baxter},
	Publisher = {Academic Press, London},
	Title = {Exactly Solved Models in Statistical Mechanics},
	Year = {1992}}

@book{kunen80set,
	Author = {Kenneth Kunen},
	Publisher = {North Holland},
	Title = {Set Theory: an Introduction to Independence Proofs},
	Year = {1980}}

@book{fraenkel58set,
	Author = {Abraham Fraenkel, Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, Azriel Levy},
	Publisher = {North Holland},
	Title = {Foundations of Set Theory},
	Year = {1958}}

@book{goedel40ch,
	Author = {Kurt Goedel},
	Publisher = {Princeton},
	Title = {The Consistency of the Continuum Hypothesis},
	Year = {1940}}

@book{cohen66set,
	Author = {Paul J. Cohen},
	Publisher = {WA Benjamin},
	Title = {Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis},
	Year = {1966}}

@book{pearl88probabilistic,
	Author = {Judea Pearl},
	Publisher = {Morgan and Kaufmann, San Mateo},
	Title = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems},
	Year = {1988}}

@book{cartwright83physics,
	Author = {Nancy Cartwright},
	Publisher = {Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon},
	Title = {How the Laws of Physics Lie},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{evans13marginal,
	author = { Robin J. Evans and Thomas S. Richardson },
	title = { Marginal log-linear parameters for graphical
		{M}arkov models },
	journal = { Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B },
	year = { 2013 },
	volume = { 75 },
	number = { 4 },
	pages = { 743-768 }}

@phdthesis{watkins89learning,
	author = { Watkins, C. J. C. H. },
	school = { Cambridge University },
	title = { Learning from delayed rewards },
	year = { 1989 }}

@phdthesis{evans11parameterizations,
	author = { Robin J. Evans },
	School = { Department of statistics, University of Washington },
	title = { Parameterizations of Discrete Graphical Models },
	year = {2011}}

@phdthesis{tian02studies,
	Author = {Jin Tian},
	School = {Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles},
	Title = {Studies in Causal Reasoning and Learning},
	Year = {2002}}

@book{pearl09causality,
	Author = {Judea Pearl},
	Isbn = {978-0521895606},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	edition = { 2 },
	Title = {Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference},
	Year = {2009}}

@book{pearl00causality,
	Author = {Judea Pearl},
	Isbn = {0-521-77362-8},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference},
	Year = {2000}}

@book{spirtes01causation,
	Author = {Peter Spirtes and Clark Glymour and Richard Scheines},
	Publisher = {Springer Verlag, New York},
	Title = {Causation, Prediction, and Search},
	isbn = { 978-0262194402 },
	edition = { 2 },
	Year = {2001}}

@book{spirtes93causation,
	Author = {Spirtes, P. and Glymour, C. and Scheines, R.},
	Publisher = {Springer Verlag, New York},
	Title = {Causation, Prediction, and Search},
	Year = {1993}}

@book{pearl16primer,
	author = { Judea Pearl and Madelyn Glymour and Nicholas P. Jewell },
	title = { Causal Inference in Statistics : A Primer },
	publisher = { Chichester, West Sussex, UK : John Wiley and Sons Ltd },
	year = { 2016 }}

@article{pearl98graphs,
	Author = {Judea Pearl},
	Journal = {Sociological Methods and Research},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {226--284},
	Title = {Graphs, causality, and structural equation models},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{tian00probabilities,
	author = { Jin Tian and Judea Pearl },
	title = { Probabilities of Causation: Bounds and Identification },
	journal = { Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence },
	volume = { 28 },
	pages = { 287-313 },
	year = { 2000 }}

@article{balke97bounds,
	author = { Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl },
	title = { Bounds on treatment effects from studies with imperfect compliance },
	journal = { Journal of the American Statistical Association },
	volume = { 92 },
	number = { 439 },
	year = { 1997 },
	pages = { 1171-1176 }}

@article{shpitser07hierarchy,
	Author = {Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl},
	title = { Complete Identification Methods for the Causal
	Hierarchy },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	volume = { 9(Sep) },
	pages = { 1941-1979 },
	year = { 2008 }}

@techreport{halpern00causes,
	Author = {Joseph Halpern and Judea Pearl},
	Institution = {UCLA Cognitive Systems Laboratory},
	Number = {R--266},
	Title = {Causes and Explanations: A Structural-Model Approach},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{halpern00axiom,
	Author = {Joseph Halpern},
	Journal = {Journal of A.I. Research},
	volume = { 12 },
	pages = {317-337},
	Title = {Axiomatizing Causal Reasoning},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{halpern01causes,
	Author = {Joseph Halpern and Judea Pearl},
	Journal = {Proceedings of UAI-01},
	Pages = {411-420},
	Title = {Causes and Explanations: A Structural-Model Approach -- Part I: Causes},
	Year = {2001}}

@inproceedings{russell95local,
	author = { Stuart Russell and John Binder and Daphne Koller and
		Keiji Kanazawa },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Fourteenth international joint conference on Artificial intelligence (IJCAI-95) },
	title = { Local learning in probabilistic networks with hidden
		variables },
	pages = { 1146-1152 },
	publisher = { Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA },
	year = { 1995 }}

@article{peters14causal,
	author = { Jonas Peters and Joris M. Mooij and Dominik Janzing and Bernhard 			Scholkopf },
	journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },
	pages = { 2009--2053 },
	title = { Causal Discovery with Continuous Additive Noise Models },
	year = { 2014 }}

@article{eiter01complexity,
	Author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz},
	Journal = {Proceedings of IJCAI-01},
	Pages = {35-40},
	Title = {Complexity Results for Structure-Based Causality},
	Year = {2001}}

@inproceedings{eiter02causes,
	Author = {Thomas Eiter and Thomas Lukasiewicz},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of UAI-02},
	Pages = {146-153},
	Title = {Causes and Explanations in the Structural-Model Approach: Tractable Cases},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{hall98two,
	Author = {Ned Hall},
	Title = {Two Concepts of Causation},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{lin95embracing,
	Author = {F. Lin},
	Journal = {Proceedings of IJCAI-95},
	Pages = {1985-1991},
	Title = {Embracing Causality in Specifying the Indirect Effect of Actions},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{mackie65causes,
	Author = {John L. Mackie},
	Journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {245-255, 261-264},
	Title = {Causes and Conditions},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1965}}

@techreport{mccarthy63situations,
	Author = {John McCarthy},
	Institution = {Stanford University},
	Title = {Situations, Actions, and Causal Laws},
	Year = {1963}}

@article{pearl99reasoning,
	Author = {Judea Pearl},
	Journal = {Proceedings of IJCAI-99},
	Pages = {1437-1449},
	Title = {Reasoning with Cause and Effect},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{haavelmo43simultaneous,
	Author = {Trygve Haavelmo},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Pages = {1-12},
	Title = {The statistical implications of a system of simultaneous equations},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1943}}

@article{wright21correlation,
	Author = {Sewall Wright},
	Journal = {Journal of Agricultural Research},
	Pages = {557-585},
	Title = {Correlation and Causation},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1921}}

@inproceedings{tian04cond,
	Author = {Jin Tian},
	Booktitle = {Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI)},
	Title = {Identifying Conditional Causal Effects},
	Year = {2004}}

@inproceedings{tian02general,
	Author = {Jin Tian and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Eighteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	Isbn = {0-262-51129-0},
	Pages = {567--573},
	Title = {A General Identification Condition for Causal Effects},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{brito06graphical,
	author = { Brito, C. and Pearl, J. },
	title = { Graphical condition for identification in recursive SEM },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence },
	editors = { Dechter, R. and Richardson, T.S., eds. },
	pages = { 47-54 },
	publisher = { AUAI Press, Arlington, VA },
	year = { 2006 }}

@inproceedings{brito02graphical,
	Author = {Carlos Brito and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Eighteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence},
	Isbn = {0-262-51129-0},
	Location = {Edmonton, Alberta, Canada},
	Pages = {533--538},
	Publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
	Title = {A graphical criterion for the identification of causal effects in linear models},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{shpitser07cnt,
	Author = {Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Twenty Third Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, forthcoming},
	Institution = {Department of Computer Science, Univesity of California, Los Angeles},
	Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
	Title = {What Counterfactuals Can Be Tested},
	Year = {2007}}

@techreport{tian02onid,
	Author = {Jin Tian and Judea Pearl},
	Institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles},
	Number = {R-290-L},
	Title = {On the Identification of Causal Effects},
	Year = {2002}}

@techreport{verma93aspects,
	Author = {Thomas S. Verma},
	Institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles},
	Number = {R-101},
	Title = {Graphical Aspects of Causal Models},
	Year = {1993}}

@inproceedings{evans10maximum,
	author = { Robin J. Evans and Thomas S. Richardson },
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty Sixth Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
	title = { Maximum likelihood fitting of acyclic directed mixed graphs
		to binary data },
	volume = { 26 },
	year = { 2010 }
}

@inproceedings{chen14on,
	author = { Bryant Chen and Jin Tian and Judea Pearl },
	title = { Testable Implications of Linear Structural Equation Models },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence },
	pages = {2424--2430},
  	year = {2014}}

@inproceedings{chen16identification,
	author = { Bryant Chen },
	title = { Identification and Overidentification of Linear Structural Equation Models },
	booktitle = { Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems },
	volume = { 29 },
	publisher = { Curran Associates, Inc. },
	pages = { 1579--1587 },
	year = { 2016 }}

@inproceedings{tian02on,
	Author = {Jin Tian and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = { Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-02)},
	volume = { 18 },
	Pages = {519-527},
	Title = {On the Testable Implications of Causal Models with Hidden Variables},
	publisher = { AUAI Press, Corvallis, Oregon },
	Year = {2002}}

@article{jones2014scipy,
  title={$\{$SciPy$\}$: open source scientific tools for $\{$Python$\}$},
  author={Jones, Eric and Oliphant, Travis and Peterson, Pearu},
  year={2014}
}

@techreport{hagberg2008exploring,
  title={Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX},
  author={Hagberg, Aric and Swart, Pieter and S Chult, Daniel},
  year={2008},
  institution={Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)}
}

@inproceedings{tian00probab,
	Author = {Jin Tian and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of UAI-00},
	Pages = {589--598},
	Title = {Probabilities of Causation: Bounds and Identification},
	Year = {2000}}

@inproceedings{Pearl94probab,
	Author = {Pearl Judea},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of UAI-94},
	Pages = {454-462},
	Title = {A Probabilistic Calculus of Actions},
	Year = {1994}}
	
@inproceedings{balke94countereval,
	Author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Procedings of the Twelfth Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
	publisher = { Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco },
	Pages = {230-237},
	Title = {Probabilistic Evaluation of Counterfactual Queries},
	Year = {1994}}

@inproceedings{balke94counter,
	Author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of UAI-94},
	Pages = {46-54},
	Title = {Counterfactual Probabilities: Computational Methods, Bounds and Applications},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{galles98axiomatic,
	Author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl},
	Journal = {Foundation of Science},
	Pages = {151-182},
	Title = {An axiomatic characterization of causal counterfactuals},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1998}}



@inproceedings{galles95testing,
	Author = {David Galles and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of UAI-95},
	Pages = {185-195},
	Title = {Testing Identifiability of Causal Effects},
	Year = {1995}}

@inproceedings{rabiner89hmm,
	Author = {Lawrence R. Rabiner},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
	Pages = {257-286},
	Title = {A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications
		in Speech Recognition},
	Volume = {77},
	Year = {1989}}


@unpublished{evans:complete,
	title = { Margins of discrete {B}ayesian networks },
	note = { {W}orking paper, \url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02103}},
	author = { Robin J. Evans},
	year = { 2015 }}

@inproceedings{bareinboim12z,
	author = { E. Bareinboim and J. Pearl },
	title = { Causal inference by surrogate experiments: z-identifiability. },
	booktitle = {  Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence },
	pages = { 113¿120 },
	editors = { N. de Freitas and K. Murphy },
	publisher = { AUAI Press },
	year = { 2012 }}

@inproceedings{bareinboim15selection,
	author = { E. Bareinboim and J. Tian },
	title = { Recovering causal effects from selection bias },
	pages = { 3475-3481 },
	year = { 2015 },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the 29th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence }}

@inproceedings{balke95counter,
	Author = {Alexander Balke and Judea Pearl},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of UAI-95},
	Pages = {11-18},
	Title = {Counterfactuals and Policy Analysis in Structural Models},
	Year = 1995}

@article{benetisCasecontrolStudyReadmission2013,
  title = {A Case-Control Study of Readmission to the Intensive Care Unit after Cardiac Surgery},
  volume = {19},
  issn = {1234-1010},
  journal = {Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research},
  doi = {10.12659/MSM.883814},
  author = {Benetis, Rimantas and {\v S}irvinskas, Edmundas and Kumpaitiene, Birute and Kinduris, {\v S}arunas},
  month = feb,
  year = {2013},
  pages = {148-152},
  pmid = {23446428},
  pmcid = {PMC3628941}
}


@book{chen2021semiparametric,
  title={Semiparametric Odds Ratio Model and Its Applications},
  author={Chen, Hua Yun},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Chapman and Hall/CRC}
}
@article{horvitz1952generalization,
  title={A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe},
  author={Horvitz, Daniel G and Thompson, Donovan J},
  journal={Journal of the American statistical Association},
  volume={47},
  number={260},
  pages={663--685},
  year={1952},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{rubin1976inference,
  title={Inference and missing data},
  author={Rubin, Donald B},
  journal={Biometrika},
  volume={63},
  number={3},
  pages={581--592},
  year={1976},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}
@article{miao2015identification,
  title={Identification, doubly robust estimation, and semiparametric efficiency theory of nonignorable missing data with a shadow variable},
  author={Miao, Wang and Liu, Lan and Tchetgen, Eric Tchetgen and Geng, Zhi},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.02556},
  year={2015}
}
@article{newey2003instrumental,
  title={Instrumental variable estimation of nonparametric models},
  author={Newey, Whitney K and Powell, James L},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={71},
  number={5},
  pages={1565--1578},
  year={2003},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{zhao2022versatile,
  title={A versatile estimation procedure without estimating the nonignorable missingness mechanism},
  author={Zhao, Jiwei and Ma, Yanyuan},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={117},
  number={540},
  pages={1916--1930},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{kalbfleisch1978likelihood,
  title={Likelihood methods and nonparametric tests},
  author={Kalbfleisch, John D},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={73},
  number={361},
  pages={167--170},
  year={1978},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{liang2000regression,
  title={Regression analysis under non-standard situations: a pairwise pseudolikelihood approach},
  author={Liang, Kung-Yee and Qin, Jing},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)},
  volume={62},
  number={4},
  pages={773--786},
  year={2000},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{zhao2018penalized,
  title={Penalized pairwise pseudo likelihood for variable selection with nonignorable missing data},
  author={Zhao, Jiwei and Yang, Yang and Ning, Yang},
  journal={Statistica Sinica},
  volume={28},
  number={4},
  pages={2125--2148},
  year={2018},
  publisher={JSTOR}
}