

@ARTICLE{Clayton1991,
	title={Pathologic correlates of survival in 378 lymph node-negative
	infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas. Mitotic count is the best
	single predictor},
	author   = {Clayton, F},
	abstract = {Pathologic features of 378 breast carcinomas without axillary
	lymph node metastases were correlated with long-term prognosis.
	Mitotic count, the feature best predicting prognosis, was most
	useful at lower mitotic count levels than usually studied. Cases
	with less than 4.5 mitotic figures per ten high-power fields had
	a 20-year tumor-related survival of 73\% versus 48\% for those
	with higher mitotic counts. Low and high mitotic count groups had
	significantly different prognoses for T1c, T2, and T3 tumors.
	Multivariate analysis showed that the best combination of
	features predicting tumor-related death were high mitotic count
	(relative risk, x 2.8), large tumor size (relative risk, x 1.7),
	lymphatic invasion (relative risk, x 1.7), and skin or subjacent
	muscle or chest wall invasion (relative risk, x 2.5). Nuclear
	grade, Bloom-Richardson grade, modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson
	grade, Fisher's grade, and necrosis correlated well with survival
	but had no significant additional predictive value when adjusted
	for the mitotic count.},
	journal  = {Cancer},
	volume   =  {68},
	number   =  {6},
	pages    = {1309--1317},
	month    =  {sep},
	year     =  {1991},
	address  = {United States},
	language = {en}
}

@ARTICLE{Elston1991,
	title    = {Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of
	histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large
	study with long-term follow-up},
	author   = {Elston, C W and Ellis, I O},
	abstract = {Morphological assessment of the degree of differentiation has
	been shown in numerous studies to provide useful prognostic
	information in breast cancer, but until recently histological
	grading has not been accepted as a routine procedure, mainly
	because of perceived problems with reproducibility and
	consistency. In the Nottingham/Tenovus Primary Breast Cancer
	Study the most commonly used method, described by Bloom \&
	Richardson, has been modified in order to make the criteria more
	objective. The revised technique involves semiquantitative
	evaluation of three morphological features--the percentage of
	tubule formation, the degree of nuclear pleomorphism and an
	accurate mitotic count using a defined field area. A numerical
	scoring system is used and the overall grade is derived from a
	summation of individual scores for the three variables: three
	grades of differentiation are used. Since 1973, over 2200
	patients with primary operable breast cancer have been entered
	into a study of multiple prognostic factors. Histological grade,
	assessed in 1831 patients, shows a very strong correlation with
	prognosis; patients with grade I tumours have a significantly
	better survival than those with grade II and III tumours (P less
	than 0.0001). These results demonstrate that this method for
	histological grading provides important prognostic information
	and, if the grading protocol is followed consistently,
	reproducible results can be obtained. Histological grade forms
	part of the multifactorial Nottingham prognostic index, together
	with tumour size and lymph node stage, which is used to stratify
	individual patients for appropriate therapy.},
	journal  = {Histopathology},
	volume   =  {19},
	number   =  {5},
	pages    = {403--410},
	month    =  {nov},
	year     =  {1991},
	address  = {England},
	language = {en}
}

@ARTICLE{kumaretal,
	author={Kumar, Neeraj and Verma, Ruchika and Sharma, Sanuj and Bhargava, Surabhi and Vahadane, Abhishek and Sethi, Amit},
	journal={IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging}, 
	title={A Dataset and a Technique for Generalized Nuclear Segmentation for Computational Pathology}, 
	year={2017},
	volume={36},
	number={7},
	pages={1550-1560},
	doi={10.1109/TMI.2017.2677499}}
	
@article{Cui_2019,
	title={A deep learning algorithm for one-step contour aware nuclei segmentation of histopathology images},
	volume={57},
	ISSN={1741-0444},
	url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-019-02008-8},
	DOI={10.1007/s11517-019-02008-8},
	number={9},
	journal={Medical \& Biological Engineering \& Computing},
	publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
	author={Cui, Yuxin and Zhang, Guiying and Liu, Zhonghao and Xiong, Zheng and Hu, Jianjun},
	year={2019},
	month=jul, pages={2027–2043} }

@article{IMTIAZ2023107378,
	title = {BAWGNet: Boundary aware wavelet guided network for the nuclei segmentation in histopathology images},
	journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine},
	volume = {165},
	pages = {107378},
	year = {2023},
	issn = {0010-4825},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107378},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482523008430},
	author = {Tamjid Imtiaz and Shaikh Anowarul Fattah and Sun-Yuan Kung},
	keywords = {Nucleus segmentation, Discrete wavelet transform, Deep neural network, Attention mechanism, Boundary aware unit},
	abstract = {Precise cell nucleus segmentation is very critical in many biologically related analyses and disease diagnoses. However, the variability in nuclei structure, color, and modalities of histopathology images make the automatic computer-aided nuclei segmentation task very difficult. Traditional encoder–decoder based deep learning schemes mainly utilize the spatial domain information that may limit the performance of recognizing small nuclei regions in subsequent downsampling operations. In this paper, a boundary aware wavelet guided network (BAWGNet) is proposed by incorporating a boundary aware unit along with an attention mechanism based on a wavelet domain guidance in each stage of the encoder–decoder output. Here the high-frequency 2 Dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT) coefficients are utilized in the attention mechanism to guide the spatial information obtained from the encoder–decoder output stages to leverage the nuclei segmentation task. On the other hand, the boundary aware unit (BAU) captures the nuclei’s boundary information, ensuring accurate prediction of the nuclei pixels in the edge region. Furthermore, the preprocessing steps used in our methodology confirm the data’s uniformity by converting it to similar color statistics. Extensive experimentations conducted on three benchmark histopathology datasets (DSB, MoNuSeg and TNBC) exhibit the outstanding segmentation performance of the proposed method (with dice scores 90.82%, 85.74%, and 78.57%, respectively). Implementation of the proposed architecture is available at https://github.com/tamjidimtiaz/BAWGNet.}
}

@misc{Sampias_Rolls, 
	title={H\&E staining overview: A guide to best practices},
	url={https://www.leicabiosystems.com/en-kr/knowledge-pathway/he-staining-overview-a-guide-to-best-practices/}, 
	journal={An Intro to H\&E Staining: Protocol, Best Practices, Steps \& More}, 
	publisher={Leica Biosystems}, 
	author={Sampias, Cindy and Rolls, Geoffrey}} 
	
	@ARTICLE{Davey2006,
		title    = {Effect of study design and quality on unsatisfactory rates,
		cytology classifications, and accuracy in liquid-based versus
		conventional cervical cytology: a systematic review},
		author   = {Davey, Elizabeth and Barratt, Alexandra and Irwig, Les and Chan,
		Siew F and Macaskill, Petra and Mannes, Patricia and Saville, A
		Marion},
		abstract = {BACKGROUND: Liquid-based cytology is reported to increase the
		sensitivity of cervical cytology and the proportion of slides
		that are satisfactory for assessment, in comparison with
		conventional cytology. Although some countries have changed to
		liquid-based cytology for cervical screening, controversy
		remains. We reviewed the published work to assess the performance
		of liquid-based cytology relative to conventional cytology in
		primary studies assessed to be of low, medium, or high
		methodological quality. METHODS: 56 primary studies were reviewed
		and assessed with strict methodological criteria. Liquid-based
		cytology and conventional cytology were compared in terms of the
		percentage of slides classified as unsatisfactory, the percentage
		of slides classified in each cytology category, and the accuracy
		of detection of high-grade disease. Data were examined for
		studies overall and in strata to examine the effect of study
		quality on results. FINDINGS: The median difference in the
		percentage of unsatisfactory slides between liquid-based cytology
		and conventional cytology was 0.17\%. Only one small study was a
		randomised controlled trial. The classification of high-grade
		squamous epithelial lesion varied according to study quality
		(p=0.04), with conventional cytology classifying more slides in
		this category than did liquid-based cytology in high-quality
		studies (n=3) only. In medium-quality (n=30) and high-quality
		studies, liquid-based cytology classified more slides as atypical
		squamous cells of unknown significance than did conventional
		cytology when compared with low-quality studies (n=17; p=0.05).
		Only four studies provided sufficient verified data to allow
		estimation of sensitivity and specificity and comparison of test
		accuracy. INTERPRETATION: We saw no evidence that liquid-based
		cytology reduced the proportion of unsatisfactory slides, or
		detected more high-grade lesions in high-quality studies, than
		conventional cytology. This review does not lend support to
		claims of better performance by liquid-based cytology. Large
		randomised controlled trials are needed.},
		journal  = {Lancet},
		volume   =  {367},
		number   =  {9505},
		pages    = {122--132},
		month    =  {jan},
		year     =  {2006},
		address  = {England},
		language = {en}
	}
	
@ARTICLE{Irshad2014,
	title    = {Methods for nuclei detection, segmentation, and classification in
	digital histopathology: a review-current status and future
	potential},
	author   = {Irshad, Humayun and Veillard, Antoine and Roux, Ludovic and
	Racoceanu, Daniel},
	abstract = {Digital pathology represents one of the major evolutions in
	modern medicine. Pathological examinations constitute the gold
	standard in many medical protocols, and also play a critical and
	legal role in the diagnosis process. In the conventional cancer
	diagnosis, pathologists analyze biopsies to make diagnostic and
	prognostic assessments, mainly based on the cell morphology and
	architecture distribution. Recently, computerized methods have
	been rapidly evolving in the area of digital pathology, with
	growing applications related to nuclei detection, segmentation,
	and classification. In cancer research, these approaches have
	played, and will continue to play a key (often bottleneck) role
	in minimizing human intervention, consolidating pertinent second
	opinions, and providing traceable clinical information.
	Pathological studies have been conducted for numerous cancer
	detection and grading applications, including brain, breast,
	cervix, lung, and prostate cancer grading. Our study presents,
	discusses, and extracts the major trends from an exhaustive
	overview of various nuclei detection, segmentation, feature
	computation, and classification techniques used in histopathology
	imagery, specifically in hematoxylin-eosin and
	immunohistochemical staining protocols. This study also enables
	us to measure the challenges that remain, in order to reach
	robust analysis of whole slide images, essential high content
	imaging with diagnostic biomarkers and prognosis support in
	digital pathology.},
	journal  = {IEEE Rev Biomed Eng},
	volume   =  {7},
	pages    = {97--114},
	year     =  {2014},
	address  = {United States},
	language = {en}
}

@ARTICLE{Chow2012,
	title    = {The nuclear envelope environment and its cancer connections},
	author   = {Chow, Kin-Hoe and Factor, Rachel E and Ullman, Katharine S},
	abstract = {Nuclear morphology is often altered in cancer. Irregularity in
	nuclear contours is a feature used by pathologists in diagnostic
	cytology.The nuclear envelope provides a specialized
	microenvironment within the nucleus. It is also the site where a
	series of protein--protein interactions take place to connect the
	cytoskeleton to the interior of the nucleus.Constituents of the
	nuclear envelope --- lamins, nuclear pore complexes and lipid
	membranes --- have key roles in several processes that affect
	tumour cell biology and response to therapy.Changes in the
	abundance or the function of components of the nuclear envelope
	in tumour cells can cause the occurrence of dysmorphic nuclei and
	can deregulate cell migration, intracellular signalling, DNA
	repair, cell division and gene expression.Tracking the abundance
	of molecular components of the nuclear envelope environment and
	enhanced methods to visualize changes at the nuclear envelope
	could potentially be used for the prognostic assessment of cancer
	patients.},
	journal  = {Nature Reviews Cancer},
	volume   =  {12},
	number   =  {3},
	pages    = {196--209},
	month    =  {mar},
	year     =  {2012}
}

