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                "System: You are a helpful AI assistant for Chaos Engineering. \nGiven k8s manifests (i.e., system), their steady states, and user's instructions for the Chaos Engineering, please define the most efficient fault injections to break the system.\nAlways keep the following rules:\n- Assume a real-world event that may occur in the system. For example, promotion campaign, cyber attacks, disasters, etc.\n- If the number of scenarios is not specified, please propose only one.\n- The injected faults should be selected from the fault types of Chaos Mesh:\n- PodChaos: simulates Pod failures, such as Pod node restart, Pod's persistent unavailablility, and certain container failures in a specific Pod.\n- NetworkChaos: simulates network failures, such as network latency, packet loss, packet disorder, and network partitions.\n- DNSChaos: simulates DNS failures, such as the parsing failure of DNS domain name and the wrong IP address returned.\n- HTTPChaos: simulates HTTP communication failures, such as HTTP communication latency.\n- StressChaos: simulates CPU race or memory race.\n- IOChaos: simulates the I/O failure of an application file, such as I/O delays, read and write failures.\n- TimeChaos: simulates the time jump exception.\n\n- Design the strongest fault injections with the intention of breaking the given system. This is to build a resilient system in advance.\n- The output should be formatted as a JSON instance that conforms to the JSON schema below.\n\nAs an example, for the schema {\"properties\": {\"foo\": {\"title\": \"Foo\", \"description\": \"a list of strings\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"foo\"]}\nthe object {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]} is a well-formatted instance of the schema. The object {\"properties\": {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]}} is not well-formatted.\n\nHere is the output schema:\n```\n{\"properties\": {\"fault_scenarios\": {\"title\": \"Fault Scenarios\", \"descripton\": \"A list of fault scenarios\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/FaultScenario\"}}}, \"required\": [\"fault_scenarios\"], \"definitions\": {\"Fault\": {\"title\": \"Fault\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"name\": {\"title\": \"Name\", \"description\": \"Select a fault type from [\\\"PodChaos\\\", \\\"NetworkChaos\\\", \\\"DNSChaos\\\", \\\"HTTPChaos\\\", \\\"StressChaos\\\", \\\"IOChaos\\\", \\\"TimeChaos\\\"]\", \"enum\": [\"PodChaos\", \"NetworkChaos\", \"DNSChaos\", \"HTTPChaos\", \"StressChaos\", \"IOChaos\", \"TimeChaos\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"name_id\": {\"title\": \"Name Id\", \"description\": \"An identifier to prevent name conflicts when the same Fault appears. Assign numbers starting from 0 in sequential order to prevent name conflicts.\", \"type\": \"integer\"}, \"scope\": {\"title\": \"Scope\", \"description\": \"Specify only the fault injection scope in advance here.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"name\", \"name_id\", \"scope\"]}, \"FaultScenario\": {\"title\": \"FaultScenario\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"event\": {\"title\": \"Event\", \"description\": \"Assume a real-world fault event that is challenging for the system.\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"thought\": {\"title\": \"Thought\", \"description\": \"Write down the whole your thought process as follows: Describe the weak points of the given K8s manifests. Then, list ALL the fault types that are related to the weak points. Lastly, plan a fault sequence consisting of the most effective faults to break the system through the weak points.\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"faults\": {\"title\": \"Faults\", \"description\": \"Define the most effective fault injections to break the system. In the inner list, a set of simultaneously injected faults are listed, while in the outer list, the sets are listed in the injection order. For example, [[fault_a], [fault_b, fault_c]] indicates that fault_a is injected, then fault_b and fault_c are injected simultaneously.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Fault\"}}}, \"effects\": {\"title\": \"Effects\", \"description\": \"Describe how the list of faults affects the steady states directly or indirectly. The format is dict[steady_state_name: str, details_of_the_effects: str].\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"event\", \"thought\", \"faults\", \"effects\"]}}}\n```\nHuman: Here is the overview of my system:\nThe system consists of the following K8s manifest(s):K8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n  name: example-service\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: example\n  ports:\n    - protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Service.\n- The Service is named 'example-service'.\n- It uses a selector to target pods with the label 'app: example'.\n- The Service listens on port 80 using the TCP protocol.\n- Traffic received on port 80 is forwarded to the target port 80 on the selected pods.\n\nK8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: example-pod\n  labels:\n    app: example\nspec:\n  restartPolicy: Never\n  containers:\n  - name: example-container\n    image: nginx:1.17.1\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Pod.\n- The Pod is named 'example-pod'.\n- It includes metadata with a label 'app: example'.\n- The Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't restart automatically if it fails.\n- The Pod contains one container named 'example-container'.\n- The container uses the 'nginx:1.17.1' image, which is a specific version of the Nginx web server.\n- The container exposes port 80, which is commonly used for HTTP traffic.\n\nThe intra/inter dependencies of the above K8s manifests are as follows:- Dependencies within nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\nThe Service named 'example-service' depends on the Endpoints resource with the same name 'example-service'. This dependency indicates that the Service will automatically create and manage an Endpoints object that contains the IP addresses and ports of the Pods selected by the Service's selector (app: example). The Endpoints resource is crucial for routing traffic from the Service to the appropriate Pods.\n\n- Dependencies from nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml to nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\nThe dependency indicates that the Endpoints resource associated with the Service named 'example-service' is linked to a Pod named 'example-pod'. This means that the Service 'example-service' is configured to route traffic to the Pod 'example-pod', which is selected based on the label 'app: example'. The Endpoints resource dynamically updates to reflect the IP addresses of the Pods that match the Service's selector, ensuring that traffic is correctly routed to the available Pods.\n\nThe expected type of application on the system (i.e., K8s manfests):\nWeb server application using Nginx to serve HTTP traffic.; The manifests provided are for a Kubernetes setup involving a Pod running an Nginx container and a Service to expose this Pod. The file names and the use of the Nginx image suggest that the application is a web server. Nginx is commonly used as a web server to serve static content, reverse proxy, or load balancer. The Service is configured to expose the Pod on port 80, which is the default port for HTTP traffic, further indicating that this setup is intended to serve web content. The logical assumption is that this setup is for a simple web application or a demonstration of serving web pages using Nginx on Kubernetes.\n\nSteady states of the network system defined by the manifests are the following:\n2 steady states are defined.\n1st steady states:\n- Name: PodRunning\n- Description: The Pod named 'example-pod' must be in a running state to ensure that the Nginx web server is available to serve HTTP traffic. This is critical because the Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't automatically restart if it fails.\n- Threshold for the steady state: Pod 'example-pod' must be in 'Running' state for at least 95% of the time during the 1-minute observation period.; The current state shows that the pod is consistently in the 'Running' state. Setting a threshold of 95% allows for a small tolerance for transient issues or delays in status updates, ensuring that the pod is generally available to serve HTTP traffic as expected.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following Python script with K8s API:\n```\nimport os\nimport time\nimport argparse\nfrom kubernetes import client, config\nfrom unittest_base import K8sAPIBase\n\nclass TestPodRunningState(K8sAPIBase):\n    def __init__(self):\n        super().__init__()\n\n    def check_pod_running_status(self, namespace, pod_name):\n        try:\n            pod = self.v1.read_namespaced_pod(name=pod_name, namespace=namespace)\n            return pod.status.phase == 'Running'\n        except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:\n            print(f\"Exception when calling CoreV1Api->read_namespaced_pod: {e}\")\n            return False\n\n    def test_pod_running_state(self, duration):\n        namespace = 'default'\n        pod_name = 'example-pod'\n        running_count = 0\n\n        # Check the pod status for the specified duration\n        for _ in range(duration):\n            if self.check_pod_running_status(namespace, pod_name):\n                running_count += 1\n            time.sleep(1)\n\n        # Calculate the percentage of time the pod was running\n        running_percentage = (running_count / duration) * 100\n\n        # Assert that the pod was running for at least 95% of the time\n        assert running_percentage >= 95, f\"Pod '{pod_name}' was not running for at least 95% of the time. Actual: {running_percentage}%\"\n\n\ndef main():\n    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Test if a Kubernetes Pod is running for at least 95% of the time.')\n    parser.add_argument('--duration', type=int, default=60, help='Duration to check the pod status in seconds')\n    args = parser.parse_args()\n\n    test = TestPodRunningState()\n    test.test_pod_running_state(args.duration)\n\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    main()\n```2nd steady states:\n- Name: ServiceTrafficRouting\n- Description: The Service named 'example-service' must correctly route HTTP traffic to the 'example-pod'. This ensures that incoming requests on port 80 are forwarded to the Pod's container port 80, allowing the Nginx server to handle the requests. This is crucial for maintaining the availability and functionality of the web service.\n- Threshold for the steady state: http_req_failed: <= 0.01%; The current state shows 0.00% failed requests, indicating a highly reliable service. Setting a threshold of <= 0.01% allows for a small tolerance while maintaining high availability and reliability of the service. This ensures that the ServiceTrafficRouting is functioning correctly, with minimal disruptions, and aligns with the current performance.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following K6 Javascript:\n```\nimport http from 'k6/http';\nimport { check } from 'k6';\n\nexport const options = {\n  vus: 10,\n  duration: '5s',\n  thresholds: {\n    // Adding a threshold to ensure that the percentage of failed HTTP requests is less than or equal to 0.01%\n    'http_req_failed': ['rate<=0.01'],\n  },\n};\n\nexport default function () {\n  const res = http.get('http://example-service.default.svc.cluster.local');\n  check(res, {\n    'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,\n    'body contains Nginx': (r) => r.body.includes('Welcome to nginx!'),\n  });\n}\n```\n\nPlease follow the instructions below regarding Chaos Engineering as necessary:\n- The Chaos-Engineering experiment must be completed within 1 minute.\n\nNow, please define fault injections to reveal the system's vulnerabilities.\nAI: ```json\n{\"fault_scenarios\":"
            ],
            "```json\n{\n  \"fault_scenarios\": [\n    {\n      \"event\": \"Cyber attack causing network disruption and resource exhaustion\",\n      \"thought\": \"The system's weak points include the single Pod setup with a 'Never' restart policy and the reliance on network connectivity for service routing. The Pod's inability to restart automatically makes it vulnerable to failures, and network issues can disrupt traffic routing. Related fault types include PodChaos to simulate Pod failures, NetworkChaos to simulate network disruptions, and StressChaos to simulate resource exhaustion. To break the system, we can first introduce network latency to disrupt traffic routing, then apply CPU stress to exhaust resources on the Pod, and finally, simulate a Pod failure to test the system's resilience.\",\n      \"faults\": [\n        [\n          {\n            \"name\": \"NetworkChaos\",\n            \"name_id\": 0,\n            \"scope\": {\n              \"namespace\": \"default\",\n              \"service\": \"example-service\"\n            }\n          }\n        ],\n        [\n          {\n            \"name\": \"StressChaos\",\n            \"name_id\": 0,\n            \"scope\": {\n              \"namespace\": \"default\",\n              \"pod\": \"example-pod\"\n            }\n          }\n        ],\n        [\n          {\n            \"name\": \"PodChaos\",\n            \"name_id\": 0,\n            \"scope\": {\n              \"namespace\": \"default\",\n              \"pod\": \"example-pod\"\n            }\n          }\n        ]\n      ],\n      \"effects\": {\n        \"PodRunning\": \"The Pod 'example-pod' may fail to remain in the 'Running' state due to resource exhaustion and simulated Pod failure, causing it to fall below the 95% threshold.\",\n        \"ServiceTrafficRouting\": \"Network latency and Pod failure can lead to increased HTTP request failures, potentially exceeding the 0.01% threshold, disrupting service availability.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n```"
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            [
                "System: You are a helpful AI assistant for Chaos Engineering.\nGiven k8s manifests that defines a network system, its steady states, and a fault type that may affect the steady states in the system, please detail the parameters of the fault.\nAlways keep the following rules:\n- Pay attention to namespace specification. If the namespace is specified in the manifest, it is deployed with the namespace. If not, it is deployed with the 'default' namespace.\n- The parameters follow the format of Chaos Mesh.\nHuman: Here is the overview of my system:\nThe system consists of the following K8s manifest(s):K8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n  name: example-service\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: example\n  ports:\n    - protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Service.\n- The Service is named 'example-service'.\n- It uses a selector to target pods with the label 'app: example'.\n- The Service listens on port 80 using the TCP protocol.\n- Traffic received on port 80 is forwarded to the target port 80 on the selected pods.\n\nK8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: example-pod\n  labels:\n    app: example\nspec:\n  restartPolicy: Never\n  containers:\n  - name: example-container\n    image: nginx:1.17.1\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Pod.\n- The Pod is named 'example-pod'.\n- It includes metadata with a label 'app: example'.\n- The Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't restart automatically if it fails.\n- The Pod contains one container named 'example-container'.\n- The container uses the 'nginx:1.17.1' image, which is a specific version of the Nginx web server.\n- The container exposes port 80, which is commonly used for HTTP traffic.\n\nThe intra/inter dependencies of the above K8s manifests are as follows:- Dependencies within nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\nThe Service named 'example-service' depends on the Endpoints resource with the same name 'example-service'. This dependency indicates that the Service will automatically create and manage an Endpoints object that contains the IP addresses and ports of the Pods selected by the Service's selector (app: example). The Endpoints resource is crucial for routing traffic from the Service to the appropriate Pods.\n\n- Dependencies from nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml to nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\nThe dependency indicates that the Endpoints resource associated with the Service named 'example-service' is linked to a Pod named 'example-pod'. This means that the Service 'example-service' is configured to route traffic to the Pod 'example-pod', which is selected based on the label 'app: example'. The Endpoints resource dynamically updates to reflect the IP addresses of the Pods that match the Service's selector, ensuring that traffic is correctly routed to the available Pods.\n\nThe expected type of application on the system (i.e., K8s manfests):\nWeb server application using Nginx to serve HTTP traffic.; The manifests provided are for a Kubernetes setup involving a Pod running an Nginx container and a Service to expose this Pod. The file names and the use of the Nginx image suggest that the application is a web server. Nginx is commonly used as a web server to serve static content, reverse proxy, or load balancer. The Service is configured to expose the Pod on port 80, which is the default port for HTTP traffic, further indicating that this setup is intended to serve web content. The logical assumption is that this setup is for a simple web application or a demonstration of serving web pages using Nginx on Kubernetes.\n\nSteady states of my system:\n2 steady states are defined.\n1st steady states:\n- Name: PodRunning\n- Description: The Pod named 'example-pod' must be in a running state to ensure that the Nginx web server is available to serve HTTP traffic. This is critical because the Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't automatically restart if it fails.\n- Threshold for the steady state: Pod 'example-pod' must be in 'Running' state for at least 95% of the time during the 1-minute observation period.; The current state shows that the pod is consistently in the 'Running' state. Setting a threshold of 95% allows for a small tolerance for transient issues or delays in status updates, ensuring that the pod is generally available to serve HTTP traffic as expected.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following Python script with K8s API:\n```\nimport os\nimport time\nimport argparse\nfrom kubernetes import client, config\nfrom unittest_base import K8sAPIBase\n\nclass TestPodRunningState(K8sAPIBase):\n    def __init__(self):\n        super().__init__()\n\n    def check_pod_running_status(self, namespace, pod_name):\n        try:\n            pod = self.v1.read_namespaced_pod(name=pod_name, namespace=namespace)\n            return pod.status.phase == 'Running'\n        except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:\n            print(f\"Exception when calling CoreV1Api->read_namespaced_pod: {e}\")\n            return False\n\n    def test_pod_running_state(self, duration):\n        namespace = 'default'\n        pod_name = 'example-pod'\n        running_count = 0\n\n        # Check the pod status for the specified duration\n        for _ in range(duration):\n            if self.check_pod_running_status(namespace, pod_name):\n                running_count += 1\n            time.sleep(1)\n\n        # Calculate the percentage of time the pod was running\n        running_percentage = (running_count / duration) * 100\n\n        # Assert that the pod was running for at least 95% of the time\n        assert running_percentage >= 95, f\"Pod '{pod_name}' was not running for at least 95% of the time. Actual: {running_percentage}%\"\n\n\ndef main():\n    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Test if a Kubernetes Pod is running for at least 95% of the time.')\n    parser.add_argument('--duration', type=int, default=60, help='Duration to check the pod status in seconds')\n    args = parser.parse_args()\n\n    test = TestPodRunningState()\n    test.test_pod_running_state(args.duration)\n\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    main()\n```2nd steady states:\n- Name: ServiceTrafficRouting\n- Description: The Service named 'example-service' must correctly route HTTP traffic to the 'example-pod'. This ensures that incoming requests on port 80 are forwarded to the Pod's container port 80, allowing the Nginx server to handle the requests. This is crucial for maintaining the availability and functionality of the web service.\n- Threshold for the steady state: http_req_failed: <= 0.01%; The current state shows 0.00% failed requests, indicating a highly reliable service. Setting a threshold of <= 0.01% allows for a small tolerance while maintaining high availability and reliability of the service. This ensures that the ServiceTrafficRouting is functioning correctly, with minimal disruptions, and aligns with the current performance.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following K6 Javascript:\n```\nimport http from 'k6/http';\nimport { check } from 'k6';\n\nexport const options = {\n  vus: 10,\n  duration: '5s',\n  thresholds: {\n    // Adding a threshold to ensure that the percentage of failed HTTP requests is less than or equal to 0.01%\n    'http_req_failed': ['rate<=0.01'],\n  },\n};\n\nexport default function () {\n  const res = http.get('http://example-service.default.svc.cluster.local');\n  check(res, {\n    'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,\n    'body contains Nginx': (r) => r.body.includes('Welcome to nginx!'),\n  });\n}\n```\n\nA fault scenario that may occur in my system and may affect the steady states:\n\nAn assumed fault scenario is as follows:\n- Event: Cyber attack causing network disruption and resource exhaustion\n- Used Chaos Engineering tool: Chaos Mesh\n- Faults to simulate the event: [[{'name': 'NetworkChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'service': 'example-service'}}], [{'name': 'StressChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'}}], [{'name': 'PodChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'}}]]\n- Description: The system's weak points include the single Pod setup with a 'Never' restart policy and the reliance on network connectivity for service routing. The Pod's inability to restart automatically makes it vulnerable to failures, and network issues can disrupt traffic routing. Related fault types include PodChaos to simulate Pod failures, NetworkChaos to simulate network disruptions, and StressChaos to simulate resource exhaustion. To break the system, we can first introduce network latency to disrupt traffic routing, then apply CPU stress to exhaust resources on the Pod, and finally, simulate a Pod failure to test the system's resilience.\n- The expected faults' impacts on the steady states: {'PodRunning': \"The Pod 'example-pod' may fail to remain in the 'Running' state due to resource exhaustion and simulated Pod failure, causing it to fall below the 95% threshold.\", 'ServiceTrafficRouting': 'Network latency and Pod failure can lead to increased HTTP request failures, potentially exceeding the 0.01% threshold, disrupting service availability.'}\n\nPlease follow the instructions below regarding Chaos Engineering as necessary:\n- The Chaos-Engineering experiment must be completed within 1 minute.\n\nNow, please detail the parameters of the fault \"NetworkChaos({'namespace': 'default', 'service': 'example-service'})\".\nThe output should be formatted as a JSON instance that conforms to the JSON schema below.\n\nAs an example, for the schema {\"properties\": {\"foo\": {\"title\": \"Foo\", \"description\": \"a list of strings\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"foo\"]}\nthe object {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]} is a well-formatted instance of the schema. The object {\"properties\": {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]}} is not well-formatted.\n\nHere is the output schema:\n```\n{\"properties\": {\"action\": {\"title\": \"Action\", \"description\": \"Indicates the specific fault type. Available types include: netem, delay (network delay), loss (packet loss), duplicate (packet duplicating), corrupt (packet corrupt), partition (network partition), and bandwidth (network bandwidth limit). After you specify action field, specify action-related fields for other necessary field configuration.\", \"example\": \"Partition\", \"enum\": [\"netem\", \"delay\", \"loss\", \"duplicate\", \"corrupt\", \"partition\", \"bandwidth\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"direction\": {\"title\": \"Direction\", \"description\": \"Indicates the direction of target packets. Available vaules include from (the packets from target), to (the packets to target), and both (the packets from or to target). This parameter makes Chaos only take effect for a specific direction of packets.\", \"default\": \"to\", \"example\": \"both\", \"enum\": [\"from\", \"to\", \"both\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"target\": {\"title\": \"Target\", \"description\": \"Used in combination with direction, making Chaos only effective for some packets. 'from' and 'both' direction cannot be used when targets is empty in netem action.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Selector\"}]}, \"mode\": {\"title\": \"Mode\", \"description\": \"Specifies the mode of the experiment. The mode options include one (selecting a random Pod), all (selecting all eligible Pods), fixed (selecting a specified number of eligible Pods), fixed-percent (selecting a specified percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods), and random-max-percent (selecting the maximum percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods)\", \"example\": \"one\", \"enum\": [\"one\", \"all\", \"fixed\", \"fixed-percent\", \"random-max-percent\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"value\": {\"title\": \"Value\", \"description\": \"Provides parameters for the mode configuration, depending on mode. For example, when mode is set to fixed-percent, value specifies the percentage of Pods.\", \"example\": \"1\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"selector\": {\"title\": \"Selector\", \"description\": \"Specifies the target Pod.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Selectors\"}]}, \"externalTargets\": {\"title\": \"Externaltargets\", \"description\": \"Indicates the network targets except for Kubernetes, which can be IPv4 addresses or domains. This parameter only works with direction: to.\", \"example\": [\"1.1.1.1\", \"www.google.com\"], \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"device\": {\"title\": \"Device\", \"description\": \"Specifies the affected network interface\", \"example\": \"eth0\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"delay\": {\"title\": \"Delay\", \"description\": \"When setting action to delay means simulating network delay fault, you also need to configure this parameters.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Deplay\"}]}, \"loss\": {\"title\": \"Loss\", \"description\": \"When setting action to loss means simulating packet loss fault, you can also configure this parameters.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Loss\"}]}, \"duplicated\": {\"title\": \"Duplicated\", \"description\": \"When setting action to duplicate, meaning simulating package duplication, you can also set this parameters.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Duplicate\"}]}, \"corrupt\": {\"title\": \"Corrupt\", \"description\": \"When setting action to corrupt means simulating package corruption fault, you can also configure the following parameters.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Corrupt\"}]}, \"rate\": {\"title\": \"Rate\", \"description\": \"When setting action to rate means simulating bandwidth rate fault, you also need to configure this parameters. This action is similar to bandwidth/rate below, however, the key distinction is that this action can combine with other netem actions listed above. However, if you require more control over the bandwidth simulation such as limiting the buffer size, select the bandwidth action.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Rate\"}]}, \"bandwidth\": {\"title\": \"Bandwidth\", \"description\": \"When setting 'action' to 'bandwidth' means simulating bandwidth limit fault, you also need to configure this parameters. This action is mutually exclusive with any netem action defined above. If you need to inject bandwidth rate along with other network failures such as corruption, use the rate action instead.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Bandwidth\"}]}}, \"required\": [\"action\", \"mode\", \"selector\"], \"definitions\": {\"SetBasedRequirements\": {\"title\": \"SetBasedRequirements\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"key\": {\"title\": \"Key\", \"description\": \"Label key\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"operator\": {\"title\": \"Operator\", \"description\": \"Select an operator.\", \"enum\": [\"In\", \"NotIn\", \"Exists\", \"DoesNotExist\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"values\": {\"title\": \"Values\", \"description\": \"Label values. The values set must be non-empty in the case of In and NotIn.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"key\", \"operator\", \"values\"]}, \"Selectors\": {\"title\": \"Selectors\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"namespaces\": {\"title\": \"Namespaces\", \"description\": \"Specifies the namespace of the experiment's target Pod. If this selector is None, Chaos Mesh will set it to the namespace of the current Chaos experiment.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"labelSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Labelselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the label-key/value pairs that the experiment's target Pod must have. If multiple labels are specified, the experiment target must have all the labels specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"expressionSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Expressionselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies a set of expressions that define the label's rules to specifiy the experiment's target Pod.\", \"example\": [{\"key\": \"tier\", \"operator\": \"In\", \"values\": [\"cache\"]}, {\"key\": \"environment\", \"operator\": \"NotIn\", \"values\": [\"dev\"]}], \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/SetBasedRequirements\"}}, \"annotationSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Annotationselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the annotation-key/value pairs that the experiment's target Pod must have. If multiple annotations are specified, the experiment target must have all annotations specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"fieldSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Fieldselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the field-key/value pairs of the experiment's target Pod. If multiple fields are specified, the experiment target must have all fields set by this selector.\", \"example\": {\"metadata.name\": \"my-pod\", \"metadata.namespace\": \"dafault\"}, \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"podPhaseSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Podphaseselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the phase of the experiment's target Pod. If this selector is None, the target Pod's phase is not limited.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"enum\": [\"Pending\", \"Running\", \"Succeeded\", \"Failed\", \"Unknown\"], \"type\": \"string\"}}, \"nodeSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Nodeselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the node-label-key/value pairs to which the experiment's target Pod belongs.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"nodes\": {\"title\": \"Nodes\", \"description\": \"Specifies the node to which the experiment's target Pod belongs. The target Pod can only belong to one node in the configured node list. If multiple node labels are specified, the node to which the experiment's target Pod belongs must have all labels specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"pods\": {\"title\": \"Pods\", \"description\": \"Specifies the namespaces and list of the experiment's target Pods. If you have specified this selector, Chaos Mesh ignores other configured selectors.\", \"example\": {\"default\": [\"pod-0\", \"pod-2\"]}, \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}}}, \"Selector\": {\"title\": \"Selector\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"mode\": {\"title\": \"Mode\", \"description\": \"Specifies the mode of the experiment. The mode options include one (selecting a random Pod), all (selecting all eligible Pods), fixed (selecting a specified number of eligible Pods), fixed-percent (selecting a specified percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods), and random-max-percent (selecting the maximum percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods)\", \"example\": \"one\", \"enum\": [\"one\", \"all\", \"fixed\", \"fixed-percent\", \"random-max-percent\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"selector\": {\"title\": \"Selector\", \"description\": \"Specifies the target Pod.\", \"example\": null, \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Selectors\"}]}}, \"required\": [\"mode\", \"selector\"]}, \"Reorder\": {\"title\": \"Reorder\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"reorder\": {\"title\": \"Reorder\", \"description\": \"Indicates the probability to reorder\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"0.5\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"correlation\": {\"title\": \"Correlation\", \"description\": \"Indicates the correlation between this time's length of delay time and the previous time's length of delay time. Range of value: [0, 100]\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"gap\": {\"title\": \"Gap\", \"description\": \"Indicates the gap before and after packet reordering\", \"default\": 0, \"example\": 5, \"type\": \"integer\"}}}, \"Deplay\": {\"title\": \"Deplay\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"latency\": {\"title\": \"Latency\", \"description\": \"Indicates the network latency\", \"example\": \"2ms\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"correlation\": {\"title\": \"Correlation\", \"description\": \"Indicates the correlation between the current latency and the previous one. Range of value: [0, 100]. Specify only the number. NEVER include any units.\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"jitter\": {\"title\": \"Jitter\", \"description\": \"Indicates the range of the network latency\", \"example\": \"1ms\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"reorder\": {\"title\": \"Reorder\", \"description\": \"Indicates the status of network packet reordering\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Reorder\"}]}}}, \"Loss\": {\"title\": \"Loss\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"loss\": {\"title\": \"Loss\", \"description\": \"Indicates the probability of packet loss. Range of value: [0, 100]. Specify only the number. NEVER include any units.\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"correlation\": {\"title\": \"Correlation\", \"description\": \"Indicates the correlation between the probability of current packet loss and the previous time's packet loss. Range of value: [0, 100]. Specify only the number. NEVER include any units.\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"Duplicate\": {\"title\": \"Duplicate\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"duplicate\": {\"title\": \"Duplicate\", \"description\": \"Indicates the probability of packet duplicating. Range of value: [0, 100]. Specify only the number. NEVER include any units.\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"correlation\": {\"title\": \"Correlation\", \"description\": \"Indicates the correlation between the probability of current packet duplicating and the previous time's packet duplicating. Range of value: [0, 100]. Specify only the number. NEVER include any units.\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"Corrupt\": {\"title\": \"Corrupt\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"corrupt\": {\"title\": \"Corrupt\", \"description\": \"Indicates the probability of packet corruption. Range of value: [0, 100]. Specify only the number. NEVER include any units.\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"correlation\": {\"title\": \"Correlation\", \"description\": \"Indicates the correlation between the probability of current packet corruption and the previous time's packet corruption. Range of value: [0, 100]. Specify only the number. NEVER include any units.\", \"default\": \"0\", \"example\": \"50\", \"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"Rate\": {\"title\": \"Rate\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"rate\": {\"title\": \"Rate\", \"description\": \"Indicates the rate of bandwidth limit. Allows bit, kbit, mbit, gbit, tbit, bps, kbps, mbps, gbps, tbps unit. bps means bytes per second\", \"example\": \"1mbps\", \"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"Bandwidth\": {\"title\": \"Bandwidth\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"rate\": {\"title\": \"Rate\", \"description\": \"Indicates the rate of bandwidth limit. Allows bit, kbit, mbit, gbit, tbit, bps, kbps, mbps, gbps, tbps unit. bps means bytes per second\", \"example\": \"1mbps\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"limit\": {\"title\": \"Limit\", \"description\": \"Indicates the number of bytes waiting in queue\", \"example\": 1, \"type\": \"integer\"}, \"buffer\": {\"title\": \"Buffer\", \"description\": \"Indicates the maximum number of bytes that can be sent instantaneously\", \"example\": 1, \"type\": \"integer\"}, \"peakrate\": {\"title\": \"Peakrate\", \"description\": \"Indicates the maximum consumption of bucket (usually not set)\", \"example\": 1, \"type\": \"integer\"}, \"minburst\": {\"title\": \"Minburst\", \"description\": \"Indicates the size of peakrate bucket (usually not set)\", \"example\": 1, \"type\": \"integer\"}}}}}\n```\nAI: ```json\n{\"action\":"
            ],
            "```json\n{\"action\":\"delay\",\"direction\":\"to\",\"target\":{\"mode\":\"all\",\"selector\":{\"namespaces\":[\"default\"],\"labelSelectors\":{\"app\":\"example\"}}},\"mode\":\"all\",\"value\":\"\",\"selector\":{\"namespaces\":[\"default\"],\"labelSelectors\":{\"app\":\"example\"}},\"device\":\"eth0\",\"delay\":{\"latency\":\"100ms\",\"jitter\":\"10ms\"}}\n```",
            [
                "System: You are a helpful AI assistant for Chaos Engineering.\nGiven k8s manifests that defines a network system, its steady states, and a fault type that may affect the steady states in the system, please detail the parameters of the fault.\nAlways keep the following rules:\n- Pay attention to namespace specification. If the namespace is specified in the manifest, it is deployed with the namespace. If not, it is deployed with the 'default' namespace.\n- The parameters follow the format of Chaos Mesh.\nHuman: Here is the overview of my system:\nThe system consists of the following K8s manifest(s):K8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n  name: example-service\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: example\n  ports:\n    - protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Service.\n- The Service is named 'example-service'.\n- It uses a selector to target pods with the label 'app: example'.\n- The Service listens on port 80 using the TCP protocol.\n- Traffic received on port 80 is forwarded to the target port 80 on the selected pods.\n\nK8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: example-pod\n  labels:\n    app: example\nspec:\n  restartPolicy: Never\n  containers:\n  - name: example-container\n    image: nginx:1.17.1\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Pod.\n- The Pod is named 'example-pod'.\n- It includes metadata with a label 'app: example'.\n- The Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't restart automatically if it fails.\n- The Pod contains one container named 'example-container'.\n- The container uses the 'nginx:1.17.1' image, which is a specific version of the Nginx web server.\n- The container exposes port 80, which is commonly used for HTTP traffic.\n\nThe intra/inter dependencies of the above K8s manifests are as follows:- Dependencies within nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\nThe Service named 'example-service' depends on the Endpoints resource with the same name 'example-service'. This dependency indicates that the Service will automatically create and manage an Endpoints object that contains the IP addresses and ports of the Pods selected by the Service's selector (app: example). The Endpoints resource is crucial for routing traffic from the Service to the appropriate Pods.\n\n- Dependencies from nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml to nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\nThe dependency indicates that the Endpoints resource associated with the Service named 'example-service' is linked to a Pod named 'example-pod'. This means that the Service 'example-service' is configured to route traffic to the Pod 'example-pod', which is selected based on the label 'app: example'. The Endpoints resource dynamically updates to reflect the IP addresses of the Pods that match the Service's selector, ensuring that traffic is correctly routed to the available Pods.\n\nThe expected type of application on the system (i.e., K8s manfests):\nWeb server application using Nginx to serve HTTP traffic.; The manifests provided are for a Kubernetes setup involving a Pod running an Nginx container and a Service to expose this Pod. The file names and the use of the Nginx image suggest that the application is a web server. Nginx is commonly used as a web server to serve static content, reverse proxy, or load balancer. The Service is configured to expose the Pod on port 80, which is the default port for HTTP traffic, further indicating that this setup is intended to serve web content. The logical assumption is that this setup is for a simple web application or a demonstration of serving web pages using Nginx on Kubernetes.\n\nSteady states of my system:\n2 steady states are defined.\n1st steady states:\n- Name: PodRunning\n- Description: The Pod named 'example-pod' must be in a running state to ensure that the Nginx web server is available to serve HTTP traffic. This is critical because the Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't automatically restart if it fails.\n- Threshold for the steady state: Pod 'example-pod' must be in 'Running' state for at least 95% of the time during the 1-minute observation period.; The current state shows that the pod is consistently in the 'Running' state. Setting a threshold of 95% allows for a small tolerance for transient issues or delays in status updates, ensuring that the pod is generally available to serve HTTP traffic as expected.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following Python script with K8s API:\n```\nimport os\nimport time\nimport argparse\nfrom kubernetes import client, config\nfrom unittest_base import K8sAPIBase\n\nclass TestPodRunningState(K8sAPIBase):\n    def __init__(self):\n        super().__init__()\n\n    def check_pod_running_status(self, namespace, pod_name):\n        try:\n            pod = self.v1.read_namespaced_pod(name=pod_name, namespace=namespace)\n            return pod.status.phase == 'Running'\n        except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:\n            print(f\"Exception when calling CoreV1Api->read_namespaced_pod: {e}\")\n            return False\n\n    def test_pod_running_state(self, duration):\n        namespace = 'default'\n        pod_name = 'example-pod'\n        running_count = 0\n\n        # Check the pod status for the specified duration\n        for _ in range(duration):\n            if self.check_pod_running_status(namespace, pod_name):\n                running_count += 1\n            time.sleep(1)\n\n        # Calculate the percentage of time the pod was running\n        running_percentage = (running_count / duration) * 100\n\n        # Assert that the pod was running for at least 95% of the time\n        assert running_percentage >= 95, f\"Pod '{pod_name}' was not running for at least 95% of the time. Actual: {running_percentage}%\"\n\n\ndef main():\n    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Test if a Kubernetes Pod is running for at least 95% of the time.')\n    parser.add_argument('--duration', type=int, default=60, help='Duration to check the pod status in seconds')\n    args = parser.parse_args()\n\n    test = TestPodRunningState()\n    test.test_pod_running_state(args.duration)\n\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    main()\n```2nd steady states:\n- Name: ServiceTrafficRouting\n- Description: The Service named 'example-service' must correctly route HTTP traffic to the 'example-pod'. This ensures that incoming requests on port 80 are forwarded to the Pod's container port 80, allowing the Nginx server to handle the requests. This is crucial for maintaining the availability and functionality of the web service.\n- Threshold for the steady state: http_req_failed: <= 0.01%; The current state shows 0.00% failed requests, indicating a highly reliable service. Setting a threshold of <= 0.01% allows for a small tolerance while maintaining high availability and reliability of the service. This ensures that the ServiceTrafficRouting is functioning correctly, with minimal disruptions, and aligns with the current performance.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following K6 Javascript:\n```\nimport http from 'k6/http';\nimport { check } from 'k6';\n\nexport const options = {\n  vus: 10,\n  duration: '5s',\n  thresholds: {\n    // Adding a threshold to ensure that the percentage of failed HTTP requests is less than or equal to 0.01%\n    'http_req_failed': ['rate<=0.01'],\n  },\n};\n\nexport default function () {\n  const res = http.get('http://example-service.default.svc.cluster.local');\n  check(res, {\n    'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,\n    'body contains Nginx': (r) => r.body.includes('Welcome to nginx!'),\n  });\n}\n```\n\nA fault scenario that may occur in my system and may affect the steady states:\n\nAn assumed fault scenario is as follows:\n- Event: Cyber attack causing network disruption and resource exhaustion\n- Used Chaos Engineering tool: Chaos Mesh\n- Faults to simulate the event: [[{'name': 'NetworkChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'service': 'example-service'}}], [{'name': 'StressChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'}}], [{'name': 'PodChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'}}]]\n- Description: The system's weak points include the single Pod setup with a 'Never' restart policy and the reliance on network connectivity for service routing. The Pod's inability to restart automatically makes it vulnerable to failures, and network issues can disrupt traffic routing. Related fault types include PodChaos to simulate Pod failures, NetworkChaos to simulate network disruptions, and StressChaos to simulate resource exhaustion. To break the system, we can first introduce network latency to disrupt traffic routing, then apply CPU stress to exhaust resources on the Pod, and finally, simulate a Pod failure to test the system's resilience.\n- The expected faults' impacts on the steady states: {'PodRunning': \"The Pod 'example-pod' may fail to remain in the 'Running' state due to resource exhaustion and simulated Pod failure, causing it to fall below the 95% threshold.\", 'ServiceTrafficRouting': 'Network latency and Pod failure can lead to increased HTTP request failures, potentially exceeding the 0.01% threshold, disrupting service availability.'}\n\nPlease follow the instructions below regarding Chaos Engineering as necessary:\n- The Chaos-Engineering experiment must be completed within 1 minute.\n\nNow, please detail the parameters of the fault \"StressChaos({'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'})\".\nThe output should be formatted as a JSON instance that conforms to the JSON schema below.\n\nAs an example, for the schema {\"properties\": {\"foo\": {\"title\": \"Foo\", \"description\": \"a list of strings\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"foo\"]}\nthe object {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]} is a well-formatted instance of the schema. The object {\"properties\": {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]}} is not well-formatted.\n\nHere is the output schema:\n```\n{\"properties\": {\"stressors\": {\"title\": \"Stressors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the stress of CPU or memory\", \"dafault\": null, \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Stressors\"}]}, \"stressngStressors\": {\"title\": \"Stressngstressors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the stres-ng parameter to reach richer stress injection\", \"example\": \"--clone 2\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"mode\": {\"title\": \"Mode\", \"description\": \"Specifies the mode of the experiment. The mode options include 'one' (selecting a random Pod), 'all' (selecting all eligible Pods), 'fixed' (selecting a specified number of eligible Pods), 'fixed-percent' (selecting a specified percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods), and 'random-max-percent' (selecting the maximum percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods)\", \"example\": \"one\", \"enum\": [\"one\", \"all\", \"fixed\", \"fixed-percent\", \"random-max-percent\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"value\": {\"title\": \"Value\", \"description\": \"Provides parameters for the mode configuration, depending on mode.For example, when mode is set to fixed-percent, value specifies the percentage of Pods.\", \"example\": \"1\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"containerNames\": {\"title\": \"Containernames\", \"description\": \"Specifies the name of the container into which the fault is injected.\", \"example\": [\"nginx\"], \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"selector\": {\"title\": \"Selector\", \"description\": \"Specifies the target Pod.\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Selectors\"}]}}, \"required\": [\"mode\", \"selector\"], \"definitions\": {\"MemoryStressor\": {\"title\": \"MemoryStressor\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"workers\": {\"title\": \"Workers\", \"description\": \"Specifies the number of threads that apply memory stress\", \"example\": 1, \"type\": \"integer\"}, \"size\": {\"title\": \"Size\", \"description\": \"Specifies the memory size to be occupied or a percentage of the total memory size. The final sum of the occupied memory size is size.\", \"example\": \"256MB / 25%\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"time\": {\"title\": \"Time\", \"description\": \"Specifies the time to reach the memory size. The growth model is a linear model.\", \"example\": \"10min\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"oomScoreAdj\": {\"title\": \"Oomscoreadj\", \"description\": \"Specifies the oom_score_adj of the stress process.\", \"example\": -1000, \"type\": \"integer\"}}}, \"CPUStressor\": {\"title\": \"CPUStressor\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"workers\": {\"title\": \"Workers\", \"description\": \"Specifies the number of threads that apply CPU stress\", \"example\": 1, \"type\": \"integer\"}, \"load\": {\"title\": \"Load\", \"description\": \"Specifies the percentage of CPU occupied. 0 means that no additional CPU is added, and 100 refers to full load. The final sum of CPU load is workers * load.\", \"example\": 50, \"type\": \"integer\"}}}, \"Stressors\": {\"title\": \"Stressors\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"memory\": {\"title\": \"Memory\", \"description\": \"Specifies the memory stress\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/MemoryStressor\"}]}, \"cpu\": {\"title\": \"Cpu\", \"description\": \"Specifies the CPU stress\", \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/CPUStressor\"}]}}}, \"SetBasedRequirements\": {\"title\": \"SetBasedRequirements\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"key\": {\"title\": \"Key\", \"description\": \"Label key\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"operator\": {\"title\": \"Operator\", \"description\": \"Select an operator.\", \"enum\": [\"In\", \"NotIn\", \"Exists\", \"DoesNotExist\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"values\": {\"title\": \"Values\", \"description\": \"Label values. The values set must be non-empty in the case of In and NotIn.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"key\", \"operator\", \"values\"]}, \"Selectors\": {\"title\": \"Selectors\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"namespaces\": {\"title\": \"Namespaces\", \"description\": \"Specifies the namespace of the experiment's target Pod. If this selector is None, Chaos Mesh will set it to the namespace of the current Chaos experiment.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"labelSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Labelselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the label-key/value pairs that the experiment's target Pod must have. If multiple labels are specified, the experiment target must have all the labels specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"expressionSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Expressionselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies a set of expressions that define the label's rules to specifiy the experiment's target Pod.\", \"example\": [{\"key\": \"tier\", \"operator\": \"In\", \"values\": [\"cache\"]}, {\"key\": \"environment\", \"operator\": \"NotIn\", \"values\": [\"dev\"]}], \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/SetBasedRequirements\"}}, \"annotationSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Annotationselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the annotation-key/value pairs that the experiment's target Pod must have. If multiple annotations are specified, the experiment target must have all annotations specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"fieldSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Fieldselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the field-key/value pairs of the experiment's target Pod. If multiple fields are specified, the experiment target must have all fields set by this selector.\", \"example\": {\"metadata.name\": \"my-pod\", \"metadata.namespace\": \"dafault\"}, \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"podPhaseSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Podphaseselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the phase of the experiment's target Pod. If this selector is None, the target Pod's phase is not limited.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"enum\": [\"Pending\", \"Running\", \"Succeeded\", \"Failed\", \"Unknown\"], \"type\": \"string\"}}, \"nodeSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Nodeselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the node-label-key/value pairs to which the experiment's target Pod belongs.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"nodes\": {\"title\": \"Nodes\", \"description\": \"Specifies the node to which the experiment's target Pod belongs. The target Pod can only belong to one node in the configured node list. If multiple node labels are specified, the node to which the experiment's target Pod belongs must have all labels specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"pods\": {\"title\": \"Pods\", \"description\": \"Specifies the namespaces and list of the experiment's target Pods. If you have specified this selector, Chaos Mesh ignores other configured selectors.\", \"example\": {\"default\": [\"pod-0\", \"pod-2\"]}, \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}}}}}\n```\nAI: ```json\n{\"stressors\":"
            ],
            "```json\n{\"stressors\": {\"cpu\": {\"workers\": 1, \"load\": 100}}, \"mode\": \"one\", \"selector\": {\"namespaces\": [\"default\"], \"labelSelectors\": {\"app\": \"example\"}}, \"containerNames\": [\"example-container\"]}\n```",
            [
                "System: You are a helpful AI assistant for Chaos Engineering.\nGiven k8s manifests that defines a network system, its steady states, and a fault type that may affect the steady states in the system, please detail the parameters of the fault.\nAlways keep the following rules:\n- Pay attention to namespace specification. If the namespace is specified in the manifest, it is deployed with the namespace. If not, it is deployed with the 'default' namespace.\n- The parameters follow the format of Chaos Mesh.\nHuman: Here is the overview of my system:\nThe system consists of the following K8s manifest(s):K8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n  name: example-service\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: example\n  ports:\n    - protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Service.\n- The Service is named 'example-service'.\n- It uses a selector to target pods with the label 'app: example'.\n- The Service listens on port 80 using the TCP protocol.\n- Traffic received on port 80 is forwarded to the target port 80 on the selected pods.\n\nK8s manifest: nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: example-pod\n  labels:\n    app: example\nspec:\n  restartPolicy: Never\n  containers:\n  - name: example-container\n    image: nginx:1.17.1\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 80\n```\nSummary of nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\n- This manifest defines a Kubernetes Pod.\n- The Pod is named 'example-pod'.\n- It includes metadata with a label 'app: example'.\n- The Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't restart automatically if it fails.\n- The Pod contains one container named 'example-container'.\n- The container uses the 'nginx:1.17.1' image, which is a specific version of the Nginx web server.\n- The container exposes port 80, which is commonly used for HTTP traffic.\n\nThe intra/inter dependencies of the above K8s manifests are as follows:- Dependencies within nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml:\nThe Service named 'example-service' depends on the Endpoints resource with the same name 'example-service'. This dependency indicates that the Service will automatically create and manage an Endpoints object that contains the IP addresses and ports of the Pods selected by the Service's selector (app: example). The Endpoints resource is crucial for routing traffic from the Service to the appropriate Pods.\n\n- Dependencies from nginx_demo/nginx/service.yaml to nginx_demo/nginx/pod.yaml:\nThe dependency indicates that the Endpoints resource associated with the Service named 'example-service' is linked to a Pod named 'example-pod'. This means that the Service 'example-service' is configured to route traffic to the Pod 'example-pod', which is selected based on the label 'app: example'. The Endpoints resource dynamically updates to reflect the IP addresses of the Pods that match the Service's selector, ensuring that traffic is correctly routed to the available Pods.\n\nThe expected type of application on the system (i.e., K8s manfests):\nWeb server application using Nginx to serve HTTP traffic.; The manifests provided are for a Kubernetes setup involving a Pod running an Nginx container and a Service to expose this Pod. The file names and the use of the Nginx image suggest that the application is a web server. Nginx is commonly used as a web server to serve static content, reverse proxy, or load balancer. The Service is configured to expose the Pod on port 80, which is the default port for HTTP traffic, further indicating that this setup is intended to serve web content. The logical assumption is that this setup is for a simple web application or a demonstration of serving web pages using Nginx on Kubernetes.\n\nSteady states of my system:\n2 steady states are defined.\n1st steady states:\n- Name: PodRunning\n- Description: The Pod named 'example-pod' must be in a running state to ensure that the Nginx web server is available to serve HTTP traffic. This is critical because the Pod's restart policy is set to 'Never', meaning it won't automatically restart if it fails.\n- Threshold for the steady state: Pod 'example-pod' must be in 'Running' state for at least 95% of the time during the 1-minute observation period.; The current state shows that the pod is consistently in the 'Running' state. Setting a threshold of 95% allows for a small tolerance for transient issues or delays in status updates, ensuring that the pod is generally available to serve HTTP traffic as expected.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following Python script with K8s API:\n```\nimport os\nimport time\nimport argparse\nfrom kubernetes import client, config\nfrom unittest_base import K8sAPIBase\n\nclass TestPodRunningState(K8sAPIBase):\n    def __init__(self):\n        super().__init__()\n\n    def check_pod_running_status(self, namespace, pod_name):\n        try:\n            pod = self.v1.read_namespaced_pod(name=pod_name, namespace=namespace)\n            return pod.status.phase == 'Running'\n        except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:\n            print(f\"Exception when calling CoreV1Api->read_namespaced_pod: {e}\")\n            return False\n\n    def test_pod_running_state(self, duration):\n        namespace = 'default'\n        pod_name = 'example-pod'\n        running_count = 0\n\n        # Check the pod status for the specified duration\n        for _ in range(duration):\n            if self.check_pod_running_status(namespace, pod_name):\n                running_count += 1\n            time.sleep(1)\n\n        # Calculate the percentage of time the pod was running\n        running_percentage = (running_count / duration) * 100\n\n        # Assert that the pod was running for at least 95% of the time\n        assert running_percentage >= 95, f\"Pod '{pod_name}' was not running for at least 95% of the time. Actual: {running_percentage}%\"\n\n\ndef main():\n    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Test if a Kubernetes Pod is running for at least 95% of the time.')\n    parser.add_argument('--duration', type=int, default=60, help='Duration to check the pod status in seconds')\n    args = parser.parse_args()\n\n    test = TestPodRunningState()\n    test.test_pod_running_state(args.duration)\n\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    main()\n```2nd steady states:\n- Name: ServiceTrafficRouting\n- Description: The Service named 'example-service' must correctly route HTTP traffic to the 'example-pod'. This ensures that incoming requests on port 80 are forwarded to the Pod's container port 80, allowing the Nginx server to handle the requests. This is crucial for maintaining the availability and functionality of the web service.\n- Threshold for the steady state: http_req_failed: <= 0.01%; The current state shows 0.00% failed requests, indicating a highly reliable service. Setting a threshold of <= 0.01% allows for a small tolerance while maintaining high availability and reliability of the service. This ensures that the ServiceTrafficRouting is functioning correctly, with minimal disruptions, and aligns with the current performance.\n- Whether the steady state meets the threshold is determined by the following K6 Javascript:\n```\nimport http from 'k6/http';\nimport { check } from 'k6';\n\nexport const options = {\n  vus: 10,\n  duration: '5s',\n  thresholds: {\n    // Adding a threshold to ensure that the percentage of failed HTTP requests is less than or equal to 0.01%\n    'http_req_failed': ['rate<=0.01'],\n  },\n};\n\nexport default function () {\n  const res = http.get('http://example-service.default.svc.cluster.local');\n  check(res, {\n    'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,\n    'body contains Nginx': (r) => r.body.includes('Welcome to nginx!'),\n  });\n}\n```\n\nA fault scenario that may occur in my system and may affect the steady states:\n\nAn assumed fault scenario is as follows:\n- Event: Cyber attack causing network disruption and resource exhaustion\n- Used Chaos Engineering tool: Chaos Mesh\n- Faults to simulate the event: [[{'name': 'NetworkChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'service': 'example-service'}}], [{'name': 'StressChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'}}], [{'name': 'PodChaos', 'name_id': 0, 'scope': {'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'}}]]\n- Description: The system's weak points include the single Pod setup with a 'Never' restart policy and the reliance on network connectivity for service routing. The Pod's inability to restart automatically makes it vulnerable to failures, and network issues can disrupt traffic routing. Related fault types include PodChaos to simulate Pod failures, NetworkChaos to simulate network disruptions, and StressChaos to simulate resource exhaustion. To break the system, we can first introduce network latency to disrupt traffic routing, then apply CPU stress to exhaust resources on the Pod, and finally, simulate a Pod failure to test the system's resilience.\n- The expected faults' impacts on the steady states: {'PodRunning': \"The Pod 'example-pod' may fail to remain in the 'Running' state due to resource exhaustion and simulated Pod failure, causing it to fall below the 95% threshold.\", 'ServiceTrafficRouting': 'Network latency and Pod failure can lead to increased HTTP request failures, potentially exceeding the 0.01% threshold, disrupting service availability.'}\n\nPlease follow the instructions below regarding Chaos Engineering as necessary:\n- The Chaos-Engineering experiment must be completed within 1 minute.\n\nNow, please detail the parameters of the fault \"PodChaos({'namespace': 'default', 'pod': 'example-pod'})\".\nThe output should be formatted as a JSON instance that conforms to the JSON schema below.\n\nAs an example, for the schema {\"properties\": {\"foo\": {\"title\": \"Foo\", \"description\": \"a list of strings\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"foo\"]}\nthe object {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]} is a well-formatted instance of the schema. The object {\"properties\": {\"foo\": [\"bar\", \"baz\"]}} is not well-formatted.\n\nHere is the output schema:\n```\n{\"properties\": {\"action\": {\"title\": \"Action\", \"description\": \"Specifies the fault type from pod-failure, pod-kill, or container-kill.\", \"example\": \"pod-kill\", \"enum\": [\"pod-failure\", \"pod-kill\", \"container-kill\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"mode\": {\"title\": \"Mode\", \"description\": \"Specifies the mode of the experiment. The mode options include 'one' (selecting a random Pod), 'all' (selecting all eligible Pods), 'fixed' (selecting a specified number of eligible Pods), 'fixed-percent' (selecting a specified percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods), and 'random-max-percent' (selecting the maximum percentage of Pods from the eligible Pods)\", \"example\": \"one\", \"enum\": [\"one\", \"all\", \"fixed\", \"fixed-percent\", \"random-max-percent\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"value\": {\"title\": \"Value\", \"description\": \"Provides parameters for the mode configuration, depending on mode.For example, when mode is set to fixed-percent, value specifies the percentage of Pods.\", \"example\": \"1\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"selector\": {\"title\": \"Selector\", \"description\": \"Specifies the target Pod.\", \"example\": null, \"allOf\": [{\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/Selectors\"}]}, \"containerNames\": {\"title\": \"Containernames\", \"description\": \"When you configure action to container-kill, this configuration is mandatory to specify the target container name for injecting faults.\", \"example\": [\"prometheus\"], \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"action\", \"mode\", \"selector\"], \"definitions\": {\"SetBasedRequirements\": {\"title\": \"SetBasedRequirements\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"key\": {\"title\": \"Key\", \"description\": \"Label key\", \"type\": \"string\"}, \"operator\": {\"title\": \"Operator\", \"description\": \"Select an operator.\", \"enum\": [\"In\", \"NotIn\", \"Exists\", \"DoesNotExist\"], \"type\": \"string\"}, \"values\": {\"title\": \"Values\", \"description\": \"Label values. The values set must be non-empty in the case of In and NotIn.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}, \"required\": [\"key\", \"operator\", \"values\"]}, \"Selectors\": {\"title\": \"Selectors\", \"type\": \"object\", \"properties\": {\"namespaces\": {\"title\": \"Namespaces\", \"description\": \"Specifies the namespace of the experiment's target Pod. If this selector is None, Chaos Mesh will set it to the namespace of the current Chaos experiment.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"labelSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Labelselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the label-key/value pairs that the experiment's target Pod must have. If multiple labels are specified, the experiment target must have all the labels specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"expressionSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Expressionselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies a set of expressions that define the label's rules to specifiy the experiment's target Pod.\", \"example\": [{\"key\": \"tier\", \"operator\": \"In\", \"values\": [\"cache\"]}, {\"key\": \"environment\", \"operator\": \"NotIn\", \"values\": [\"dev\"]}], \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"$ref\": \"#/definitions/SetBasedRequirements\"}}, \"annotationSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Annotationselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the annotation-key/value pairs that the experiment's target Pod must have. If multiple annotations are specified, the experiment target must have all annotations specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"fieldSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Fieldselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the field-key/value pairs of the experiment's target Pod. If multiple fields are specified, the experiment target must have all fields set by this selector.\", \"example\": {\"metadata.name\": \"my-pod\", \"metadata.namespace\": \"dafault\"}, \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"podPhaseSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Podphaseselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the phase of the experiment's target Pod. If this selector is None, the target Pod's phase is not limited.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"enum\": [\"Pending\", \"Running\", \"Succeeded\", \"Failed\", \"Unknown\"], \"type\": \"string\"}}, \"nodeSelectors\": {\"title\": \"Nodeselectors\", \"description\": \"Specifies the node-label-key/value pairs to which the experiment's target Pod belongs.\", \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"nodes\": {\"title\": \"Nodes\", \"description\": \"Specifies the node to which the experiment's target Pod belongs. The target Pod can only belong to one node in the configured node list. If multiple node labels are specified, the node to which the experiment's target Pod belongs must have all labels specified by this selector.\", \"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}, \"pods\": {\"title\": \"Pods\", \"description\": \"Specifies the namespaces and list of the experiment's target Pods. If you have specified this selector, Chaos Mesh ignores other configured selectors.\", \"example\": {\"default\": [\"pod-0\", \"pod-2\"]}, \"type\": \"object\", \"additionalProperties\": {\"type\": \"array\", \"items\": {\"type\": \"string\"}}}}}}}\n```\nAI: ```json\n{\"action\":"
            ],
            "```json\n{\"action\":\"pod-kill\",\"mode\":\"one\",\"selector\":{\"namespaces\":[\"default\"],\"labelSelectors\":{\"app\":\"example\"}}}\n```"
        ]
    }
]