# Copyright 2024 state-spaces/mamba2 org and HuggingFace Inc. team.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import math
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
from torch import nn
from transformers.generation import GenerationMixin
from transformers.modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
from transformers.utils import ModelOutput, logging
from transformers.utils.deprecation import deprecate_kwarg

from fla.layers.mamba2 import Mamba2
from fla.models.mamba2.configuration_mamba2 import Mamba2Config
from fla.modules import FusedCrossEntropyLoss, FusedLinearCrossEntropyLoss, RMSNorm
from fla.modules.l2warp import l2_warp

try:
    from torch.distributed.tensor import DTensor
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
    DTensor = None

logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)


class Mamba2Cache:
    """
    Arguments:
        config: Mamba2Config
        batch_size: int
        dtype: torch.dtype
        device: torch.device

    Attributes:
        dtype: (`torch.dtype`):
            The default `dtype` used to initializing the cache.
        conv_kernel_size: (`int`):
            Model's convolution kernel size taken from config.
        n_groups: (`int`):
            Model's number of groups taken from the config - similar to tensor parallel in Transformer.
        state_size: (`int`):
            Model's SSM state size taken from config.
        num_heads: (`int`):
            The number of heads used in the linear attention / SSM.
        head_dim: (`int`):
            The respective dimension of the heads used in the linear attention / SSM.
        intermediate_size: (`int`):
            Model's intermediate_size based on (expand * hidden_dim) from config.
        conv_states: (`torch.Tensor`):
            A tensor of shape `[num_layers, batch_size, conv_kernel_size, intermediate_size + 2 * n_groups * state_size]`
            that holds convolutional states.
        ssm_states: (`torch.Tensor`):
            A tensor of shape `[num_layers, batch_size, num_heads, head_dim, state_size]` that holds ssm states.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: Mamba2Config,
        batch_size: int,
        dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16,
        device: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        self.dtype = dtype
        self.conv_kernel_size = config.conv_kernel
        self.n_groups = config.n_groups
        self.state_size = config.state_size
        self.num_heads = config.num_heads
        self.head_dim = config.head_dim
        self.intermediate_size = int(config.expand * config.hidden_size)

        self.conv_states = torch.zeros(
            config.num_hidden_layers,
            batch_size,
            self.intermediate_size + 2 * self.n_groups * self.state_size,
            self.conv_kernel_size,
            device=device,
            dtype=dtype,
        )
        self.ssm_states = torch.zeros(
            config.num_hidden_layers,
            batch_size,
            self.num_heads,
            self.head_dim,
            self.state_size,
            device=device,
            dtype=dtype,
        )

    def update_conv_state(
        self,
        layer_idx: int,
        new_conv_state: torch.Tensor,
        cache_init: bool = False
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        if cache_init:
            self.conv_states[layer_idx] = new_conv_state.to(self.conv_states.device)
        else:
            self.conv_states[layer_idx] = self.conv_states[layer_idx].roll(shifts=-1, dims=-1)
            self.conv_states[layer_idx][:, :, -1] = new_conv_state[:, 0, :].to(self.conv_states.device)
        return self.conv_states[layer_idx]

    def update_ssm_state(self, layer_idx: int, new_ssm_state: torch.Tensor):
        self.ssm_states[layer_idx] = new_ssm_state.to(self.ssm_states.device)
        return self.ssm_states[layer_idx]

    def reset(self):
        self.conv_states.zero_()
        self.ssm_states.zero_()


class Mamba2Block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
        self.residual_in_fp32 = config.residual_in_fp32
        self.norm = RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.norm_eps)
        self.mixer = Mamba2(
            num_heads=config.num_heads,
            head_dim=config.head_dim,
            hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
            state_size=config.state_size,
            expand=config.expand,
            n_groups=config.n_groups,
            conv_kernel=config.conv_kernel,
            use_conv_bias=config.use_conv_bias,
            hidden_act=config.hidden_act,
            rms_norm=config.rms_norm,
            chunk_size=config.chunk_size,
            time_step_rank=config.time_step_rank,
            time_step_limit=config.time_step_limit,
            time_step_min=config.time_step_min,
            time_step_max=config.time_step_max,
            use_bias=config.use_bias,
            norm_eps=config.norm_eps,
            layer_idx=layer_idx,
        )

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        cache_params: Optional[Mamba2Cache] = None,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ):
        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.norm(hidden_states)
        if self.residual_in_fp32:
            residual = residual.to(torch.float32)

        hidden_states = self.mixer(
            hidden_states,
            cache_params=cache_params,
            cache_position=cache_position,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
        )
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states
        if self.residual_in_fp32:
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(dtype=self.norm.weight.dtype)
        return hidden_states


class Mamba2PreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    """
    An abstract class to handle weights initialization and a simple interface for downloading and loading pretrained
    models.
    """

    config_class = Mamba2Config
    base_model_prefix = "backbone"
    _no_split_modules = ["Mamba2Block"]
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _is_stateful = True

    def _init_weights(
        self,
        module: nn.Module,
        num_residuals_per_layer: int = 1,
    ):
        """Initialize the weights."""
        if isinstance(module, Mamba2):

            # --- A_log ---
            A = torch.arange(1, module.num_heads + 1)
            with torch.no_grad():
                if not isinstance(module.A_log, DTensor):
                    module.A_log.copy_(torch.log(A))
                else:
                    logger.warning_once("`A_log` is a DTensor, skipping initialization")
            module.A_log._no_weight_decay = True

            # --- D ---
            nn.init.ones_(module.D)
            module.D._no_weight_decay = True

            # --- dt_bias ---
            dt = torch.exp(
                torch.rand(self.config.num_heads)
                * (math.log(self.config.time_step_max) - math.log(self.config.time_step_min))
                + math.log(self.config.time_step_min)
            ).clamp(min=self.config.time_step_floor)

            # Inverse of softplus: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/72759
            inv_dt = dt + torch.log(-torch.expm1(-dt))
            with torch.no_grad():
                if not isinstance(module.dt_bias, DTensor):
                    module.dt_bias.copy_(inv_dt)
                else:
                    logger.warning_once("`dt_bias` is a DTensor, skipping initialization")
            module.dt_bias._no_reinit = True

        elif isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, nn.Conv1d)):
            # Slightly different from the TF version which uses truncated_normal for initialization
            # cf https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/5617
            nn.init.normal_(module.weight, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
            if module.bias is not None:
                nn.init.zeros_(module.bias)
                # guard against deprecated behavior
                if hasattr(module.bias, "_no_reinit"):
                    raise ValueError("This is not supposed to happen")
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
            nn.init.normal_(module.weight, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
        elif hasattr(module, 'reset_parameters'):
            module.reset_parameters()

        if self.config.rescale_prenorm_residual:
            # Reinitialize selected weights subject to the OpenAI GPT-2 Paper Scheme:
            #   > A modified initialization which accounts for the accumulation on the residual path with model depth. Scale
            #   > the weights of residual layers at initialization by a factor of 1/√N where N is the # of residual layers.
            #   >   -- GPT-2 :: https://openai.com/blog/better-language-models/
            #
            # Reference (Megatron-LM): https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM/blob/main/megatron/model/gpt_model.py
            p = None
            if hasattr(module, 'o_proj'):
                # p = module.o_proj.weight
                # guard against deprecated behavior
                raise ValueError("This is not supposed to happen")
            elif hasattr(module, 'out_proj'):
                p = module.out_proj.weight
            elif hasattr(module, 'down_proj'):
                p = module.down_proj.weight
            if p is not None:
                # Special Scaled Initialization --> There are 2 Layer Norms per Transformer Block
                # Following Pytorch init, except scale by 1/sqrt(2 * n_layer)
                # We need to reinit p since this code could be called multiple times
                # Having just p *= scale would repeatedly scale it down
                nn.init.kaiming_uniform_(p, a=math.sqrt(5))
                with torch.no_grad():
                    p /= math.sqrt(num_residuals_per_layer * self.config.num_hidden_layers)


@dataclass
# Copied from transformers.models.mamba.modeling_mamba.MambaOutput with MAMBA->MAMBA2,Mamba->Mamba2
class Mamba2Output(ModelOutput):
    """
    Class for the MAMBA2 model outputs.

    Args:
        last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
        cache_params (`Mamba2Cache`):
            The state of the model at the last time step. Can be used in a forward method with the next `input_ids` to
            avoid providing the old `input_ids`.

            Includes both the State space model state matrices after the selective scan, and the Convolutional states
        hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*,
            returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
            one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

            Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
    """

    last_hidden_state: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    cache_params: Optional[Mamba2Cache] = None
    hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None


@dataclass
# Copied from transformers.models.mamba.modeling_mamba.MambaCausalLMOutput with Mamba->Mamba2
class Mamba2CausalLMOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Base class for causal language model (or autoregressive) outputs.

    Args:
        loss (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` is provided):
            Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).
        logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`):
            Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
        cache_params (`Mamba2Cache`):
            The state of the model at the last time step. Can be used in a forward method with the next `input_ids` to
            avoid providing the old `input_ids`.

            Includes both the State space model state matrices after the selective scan, and the Convolutional states
        hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*,
            returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
            one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

            Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
    """

    loss: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    logits: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
    cache_params: Optional[Mamba2Cache] = None
    hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None


class Mamba2Model(Mamba2PreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.embeddings = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.hidden_size)
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([Mamba2Block(config, layer_idx=idx) for idx in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
        self.norm_f = RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.norm_eps)
        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self._register_load_state_dict_pre_hook(self.load_hook)
        self.post_init()

    def load_hook(self, state_dict, prefix, *args):
        for k in state_dict:
            if "embedding." in k:
                state_dict[k.replace("embedding.", "embeddings.")] = state_dict.pop(k)
                break

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.embeddings

    def set_input_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.embeddings = new_embeddings

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        cache_params: Optional[Mamba2Cache] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, Mamba2Output]:
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else (self.config.use_cache if not self.training else False)
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if (input_ids is None) ^ (inputs_embeds is not None):  # ^ is python for xor
            raise ValueError("You must specify exactly one of input_ids or inputs_embeds")

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.embeddings(input_ids)

        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training and use_cache:
            use_cache = False

        if use_cache:
            if cache_params is None:
                cache_params = Mamba2Cache(
                    self.config, inputs_embeds.size(0), device=inputs_embeds.device, dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype
                )
                cache_position = torch.arange(0, self.config.conv_kernel, device=inputs_embeds.device)
            elif cache_position is None:
                # cases when we do manual forward instead of using `model.generate` which will initiate
                # `cache_position` and makes sure it is not None, throw error here instead of doing some
                # hack to conjecture the current cache position
                raise ValueError(
                    "You have to specify the `cache_position` manually when `use_cache=True` and `cache_params` is passed, "
                    "you don't have to pass a `cache_params` if you are in prefilling stage because in that case it will "
                    "be initialized for you automatically"
                )
        else:
            cache_params = None

        hidden_states = inputs_embeds
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        for mixer_block in self.layers:
            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                hidden_states = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                    mixer_block.__call__,
                    hidden_states,
                    cache_params,
                    cache_position,
                    attention_mask,
                )
            else:
                hidden_states = mixer_block(
                    hidden_states,
                    cache_params=cache_params,
                    cache_position=cache_position,
                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
                )

            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

        hidden_states = self.norm_f(hidden_states)

        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(v for v in [hidden_states, cache_params, all_hidden_states] if v is not None)

        return Mamba2Output(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            cache_params=cache_params if use_cache else None,
            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
        )


class Mamba2ForCausalLM(Mamba2PreTrainedModel, GenerationMixin):
    _tied_weights_keys = []

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.backbone = Mamba2Model(config)
        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False)
        self.criterion = None

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_output_embeddings(self):
        return self.lm_head

    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.lm_head = new_embeddings

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.backbone.get_input_embeddings()

    def set_input_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        return self.backbone.set_input_embeddings(new_embeddings)

    @deprecate_kwarg("num_logits_to_keep", version="4.50", new_name="logits_to_keep")
    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(
        self,
        input_ids,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        use_cache=None,
        cache_params: Optional[Mamba2Cache] = None,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        logits_to_keep: Optional[int] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        if use_cache:
            # `cache_position` should have been initialized in `generate`
            if cache_position is None:
                raise ValueError(
                    "`cache_position` should not be None as it should have been initialized in "
                    "`model.generate`, you are responsible for passing in a valid `cache_position` if "
                    "you are calling `prepare_inputs_for_generation` directly with `use_cache=True`"
                )
            if cache_position[0] > 0:
                input_ids = input_ids[:, -1][..., None]

                if attention_mask is not None:
                    attention_mask = None
            else:
                # we initialize the `cache_position` to full size of `conv_states` at prefill stage
                # considering padding will be applied when input length is shorter, and truncation
                # will be applied when it is longer, so it will be equivalent to always have it match
                # the length of `cache_params.conv_states`, which is `config.conv_kernel`
                cache_position = torch.arange(0, self.config.conv_kernel, device=input_ids.device)

        if inputs_embeds is not None and cache_params is None:
            model_inputs = {"inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds}
        else:
            model_inputs = {"input_ids": input_ids}

        if logits_to_keep is not None:
            model_inputs['logits_to_keep'] = logits_to_keep

        model_inputs.update({
            'attention_mask': attention_mask,
            'cache_params': cache_params,
            'use_cache': use_cache,
            'cache_position': cache_position,
            'logits_to_keep': logits_to_keep
        })
        return model_inputs

    @deprecate_kwarg("num_logits_to_keep", version="4.50", new_name="logits_to_keep")
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        cache_params: Optional[Mamba2Cache] = None,
        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        logits_to_keep: Optional[int] = 0,
        **kwargs,  # for now we need this for generation
    ) -> Union[Tuple, Mamba2CausalLMOutput]:
        r"""
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Labels for language modeling. Note that the labels **are shifted** inside the model, i.e. you can set
            `labels = input_ids` Indices are selected in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` All labels set to `-100`
            are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        outputs = self.backbone(
            input_ids,
            cache_params=cache_params,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            cache_position=cache_position,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
        )
        hidden_states = outputs[0]

        loss, logits = None, None
        if not self.config.fuse_linear_cross_entropy or labels is None:
            logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states if logits_to_keep is None else hidden_states[:, -logits_to_keep:])
        if labels is not None:
            if getattr(self, 'criterion', None) is None:
                if self.config.fuse_linear_cross_entropy:
                    criterion = FusedLinearCrossEntropyLoss(use_l2warp=self.config.use_l2warp)
                elif self.config.fuse_cross_entropy:
                    criterion = FusedCrossEntropyLoss(inplace_backward=True)
                else:
                    criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
            else:
                criterion = self.criterion
            labels = labels.to(hidden_states.device)
            labels = torch.cat((labels[..., 1:], torch.full_like(labels[:, :1], criterion.ignore_index)), 1)
            if self.config.fuse_linear_cross_entropy:
                loss = criterion(hidden_states, labels, self.lm_head.weight, self.lm_head.bias)
            else:
                loss = criterion(logits.view(labels.numel(), -1), labels.view(-1))
                loss = l2_warp(loss, logits) if self.config.use_l2warp else loss

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[1:]
            return (loss,) + output if loss is not None else output

        return Mamba2CausalLMOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            cache_params=outputs.cache_params,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
        )
