@article{M_ller_Franzes_2023,
   title={A multimodal comparison of latent denoising diffusion probabilistic models and generative adversarial networks for medical image synthesis},
   volume={13},
   ISSN={2045-2322},
   url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39278-0},
   DOI={10.1038/s41598-023-39278-0},
   number={1},
   journal={Scientific Reports},
   publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
   author={Müller-Franzes, Gustav and Niehues, Jan Moritz and Khader, Firas and Arasteh, Soroosh Tayebi and Haarburger, Christoph and Kuhl, Christiane and Wang, Tianci and Han, Tianyu and Nolte, Teresa and Nebelung, Sven and Kather, Jakob Nikolas and Truhn, Daniel},
   year={2023},
   month=jul }

@article{khader2023denoising,
  title={Denoising diffusion probabilistic models for 3{D} medical image generation},
  author={Khader, Firas and M{\"u}ller-Franzes, Gustav and Tayebi Arasteh, Soroosh and Han, Tianyu and Haarburger, Christoph and Schulze-Hagen, Maximilian and Schad, Philipp and Engelhardt, Sandy and Bae{\ss}ler, Bettina and Foersch, Sebastian and others},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  number={1},
  pages={7303},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
}
@article{wu2025model,
  title={Model-Agnostic Gender Bias Control for Text-to-Image Generation via Sparse Autoencoder},
  author={Wu, Chao and Wang, Zhenyi and Xie, Kangxian and Devulapally, Naresh Kumar and Lokhande, Vishnu Suresh and Gao, Mingchen},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.20973},
  year={2025}
}

@article{han2022card,
  title={Card: Classification and regression diffusion models},
  author={Han, Xizewen and Zheng, Huangjie and Zhou, Mingyuan},
  journal={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  volume={35},
  pages={18100--18115},
  year={2022}
}


@inproceedings{yang2023diffmic,
  title={Diff{MIC}: Dual-guidance diffusion network for medical image classification},
  author={Yang, Yijun and Fu, Huazhu and Aviles-Rivero, Angelica I and Sch{\"o}nlieb, Carola-Bibiane and Zhu, Lei},
  booktitle={International conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention},
  pages={95--105},
  year={2023},
  organization={Springer}
}



@article{yang2025diffmic,
  title={Diff{MIC}-v2: Medical image classification via improved diffusion network},
  author={Yang, Yijun and Fu, Huazhu and Aviles-Rivero, Angelica I and Xing, Zhaohu and Zhu, Lei},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
  year={2025},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{floto2023diffusion,
  title={Diffusion on the probability simplex},
  author={Floto, Griffin and Jonsson, Thorsteinn and Nica, Mihai and Sanner, Scott and Zhu, Eric Zhengyu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.02530},
  year={2023}
}
@article{chen2025gs,
  title={Gs: Generative segmentation via label diffusion},
  author={Chen, Yuhao and Chen, Shubin and Lin, Liang and Wang, Guangrun},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.20020},
  year={2025}
}

@misc{favero2025conditionaldiffusionmodelsmedical,
      title={Conditional Diffusion Models are Medical Image Classifiers that Provide Explainability and Uncertainty for Free}, 
      author={Gian Mario Favero and Parham Saremi and Emily Kaczmarek and Brennan Nichyporuk and Tal Arbel},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2502.03687},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03687}, 
}
@misc{lin2024commondiffusionnoiseschedules,
      title={Common Diffusion Noise Schedules and Sample Steps are Flawed}, 
      author={Shanchuan Lin and Bingchen Liu and Jiashi Li and Xiao Yang},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2305.08891},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08891}, 
}


@article{favero2025conditional,
  title={Conditional Diffusion Models are Medical Image Classifiers that Provide Explainability and Uncertainty for Free},
  author={Favero, Gian Mario and Saremi, Parham and Nichyporuk, Brennan and Kaczmarek, Emily and Arbel, Tal},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.03687},
  year={2025}
}

@article{muller2022diffusion,
  title={Diffusion Probabilistic Models Beat GAN on Medical 2D Images},
  author={M{\"u}ller-Franzes, Gustav and Niehues, Jan Moritz and Khader, Firas and Arasteh, Soroosh Tayebi and Haarburger, Christoph and Kuhl, Christiane and Wang, Tianci and Han, Tianyu and Nebelung, Sven and Kather, Jakob Nikolas and Truhn, Daniel},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.07501},
  year={2022}
}


# intro
@inproceedings{he2016deep,
  title={Deep residual learning for image recognition},
  author={He, Kaiming and Zhang, Xiangyu and Ren, Shaoqing and Sun, Jian},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition},
  pages={770--778},
  year={2016}
}

@article{dosovitskiy2020image,
  title={An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale},
  author={Dosovitskiy, Alexey},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11929},
  year={2020}
}
@inproceedings{liu2021swin,
  title={Swin transformer: Hierarchical vision transformer using shifted windows},
  author={Liu, Ze and Lin, Yutong and Cao, Yue and Hu, Han and Wei, Yixuan and Zhang, Zheng and Lin, Stephen and Guo, Baining},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision},
  pages={10012--10022},
  year={2021}
}
@article{geirhos2020shortcut,
  title={Shortcut learning in deep neural networks},
  author={Geirhos, Robert and Jacobsen, J{\"o}rn-Henrik and Michaelis, Claudio and Zemel, Richard and Brendel, Wieland and Bethge, Matthias and Wichmann, Felix A},
  journal={Nature Machine Intelligence},
  volume={2},
  number={11},
  pages={665--673},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
}

@article{esteva2019guide,
  title={A guide to deep learning in healthcare},
  author={Esteva, Andre and Robicquet, Alexandre and Ramsundar, Bharath and Kuleshov, Volodymyr and DePristo, Mark and Chou, Katherine and Cui, Claire and Corrado, Greg and Thrun, Sebastian and Dean, Jeff},
  journal={Nature medicine},
  volume={25},
  number={1},
  pages={24--29},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group US New York}
}

@article{ho2020denoising,
  title={Denoising diffusion probabilistic models},
  author={Ho, Jonathan and Jain, Ajay and Abbeel, Pieter},
  journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  volume={33},
  pages={6840--6851},
  year={2020}
}

@article{dhariwal2021diffusion,
  title={Diffusion models beat {GANs} on image synthesis},
  author={Dhariwal, Prafulla and Nichol, Alexander},
  journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  volume={34},
  pages={8780--8794},
  year={2021}
}

@article{chen2023robust,
  title={Robust classification via a single diffusion model},
  author={Chen, Huanran and Dong, Yinpeng and Wang, Zhengyi and Yang, Xiao and Duan, Chengqi and Su, Hang and Zhu, Jun},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.15241},
  year={2023}
}
@inproceedings{zhang2018unreasonable,
  title={The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric},
  author={Zhang, Richard and Isola, Phillip and Efros, Alexei A and Shechtman, Eli and Wang, Oliver},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition},
  pages={586--595},
  year={2018}
}

@article{hoogeboom2021argmax,
  title={Argmax flows and multinomial diffusion: Learning categorical distributions},
  author={Hoogeboom, Emiel and Nielsen, Didrik and Jaini, Priyank and Forr{\'e}, Patrick and Welling, Max},
  journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  volume={34},
  pages={12454--12465},
  year={2021}
}
@article{austin2021structured,
  title={Structured denoising diffusion models in discrete state-spaces},
  author={Austin, Jacob and Johnson, Daniel D and Ho, Jonathan and Tarlow, Daniel and Van Den Berg, Rianne},
  journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  volume={34},
  pages={17981--17993},
  year={2021}
}


@article{shen2021interpretable,
  title={An interpretable classifier for high-resolution breast cancer screening images utilizing weakly supervised localization},
  author={Shen, Yiqiu and Wu, Nan and Phang, Jason and Park, Jungkyu and Liu, Kangning and Tyagi, Sudarshini and Heacock, Laura and Kim, S Gene and Moy, Linda and Cho, Kyunghyun and others},
  journal={Medical image analysis},
  volume={68},
  pages={101908},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@misc{chen2022analog,
      title={Analog {B}its: Generating Discrete Data using Diffusion Models with Self-Conditioning}, 
      author={Ting Chen and Ruixiang Zhang and Geoffrey Hinton},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2208.04202},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.04202}, 
}

@article{amit2021segdiff,
  title={Segdiff: Image segmentation with diffusion probabilistic models},
  author={Amit, Tomer and Shaharbany, Tal and Nachmani, Eliya and Wolf, Lior},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.00390},
  year={2021}
}


@inproceedings{wu2024medsegdiff,
  title={Medsegdiff: Medical image segmentation with diffusion probabilistic model},
  author={Wu, Junde and Fu, Rao and Fang, Huihui and Zhang, Yu and Yang, Yehui and Xiong, Haoyi and Liu, Huiying and Xu, Yanwu},
  booktitle={Medical Imaging with Deep Learning},
  pages={1623--1639},
  year={2024},
  organization={PMLR}
}
@inproceedings{wolleb2022diffusion,
  title={Diffusion models for medical anomaly detection},
  author={Wolleb, Julia and Bieder, Florentin and Sandk{\"u}hler, Robin and Cattin, Philippe C},
  booktitle={International Conference on Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2022},
  organization={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{pinaya2022fast,
  title={Fast unsupervised brain anomaly detection and segmentation with diffusion models},
  author={Pinaya, Walter HL and Graham, Mark S and Gray, Robert and Da Costa, Pedro F and Tudosiu, Petru-Daniel and Wright, Paul and Mah, Yee H and MacKinnon, Andrew D and Teo, James T and Jager, Rolf and others},
  booktitle={International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention},
  pages={705--714},
  year={2022},
  organization={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{li2023your,
  title={Your diffusion model is secretly a zero-shot classifier},
  author={Li, Alexander C and Prabhudesai, Mihir and Duggal, Shivam and Brown, Ellis and Pathak, Deepak},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision},
  pages={2206--2217},
  year={2023}
}

@inproceedings{ilse2018attention,
  title={Attention-based deep multiple instance learning},
  author={Ilse, Maximilian and Tomczak, Jakub and Welling, Max},
  booktitle={International conference on machine learning},
  pages={2127--2136},
  year={2018},
  organization={PMLR}
}
@article{tschandl2018ham10000,
  title={The {HAM10000} dataset, a large collection of multi-source dermatoscopic images of common pigmented skin lesions},
  author={Tschandl, Philipp and Rosendahl, Cliff and Kittler, Harald},
  journal={Scientific data},
  volume={5},
  number={1},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
}

@misc{aptos2019-blindness-detection,
    author = {Karthik and Maggie and Sohier Dane},
    title = {APTOS 2019 Blindness Detection},
    year = {2019},
    howpublished = {\url{https://kaggle.com/competitions/aptos2019-blindness-detection}},
    note = {Kaggle}
}

@article{cohen1960coefficient,
  title={A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales},
  author={Cohen, Jacob},
  journal={Educational and psychological measurement},
  volume={20},
  number={1},
  pages={37--46},
  year={1960},
  publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA}
}

@article{hendrycks2019benchmarking,
  title={Benchmarking neural network robustness to common corruptions and perturbations},
  author={Hendrycks, Dan and Dietterich, Thomas},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.12261},
  year={2019}
}

@article{salvomedmnist,
  title={Medmnist-c: Comprehensive benchmark and improved classifier robustness by simulating realistic image corruptions},
  author={Di Salvo, Francesco and Doerrich, Sebastian and Ledig, Christian},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.17536},
  year={2024}
}


@article{cao2019learning,
  title={Learning imbalanced datasets with label-distribution-aware margin loss},
  author={Cao, Kaidi and Wei, Colin and Gaidon, Adrien and Arechiga, Nikos and Ma, Tengyu},
  journal={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  volume={32},
  year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{shrivastava2016training,
  title={Training region-based object detectors with online hard example mining},
  author={Shrivastava, Abhinav and Gupta, Abhinav and Girshick, Ross},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition},
  pages={761--769},
  year={2016}
}
@inproceedings{liao2017deep,
  title={A Deep Multi-Task Learning Approach to Skin Lesion Classification.},
  author={Liao, Haofu and Luo, Jiebo},
  booktitle={AAAI Workshops},
  year={2017}
}
@inproceedings{gong2020distractor,
  title={Distractor-aware neuron intrinsic learning for generic 2D medical image classifications},
  author={Gong, Lijun and Ma, Kai and Zheng, Yefeng},
  booktitle={International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention},
  pages={591--601},
  year={2020},
  organization={Springer}
}
@inproceedings{marrakchi2021fighting,
  title={Fighting class imbalance with contrastive learning},
  author={Marrakchi, Yassine and Makansi, Osama and Brox, Thomas},
  booktitle={International conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention},
  pages={466--476},
  year={2021},
  organization={Springer}
}
@inproceedings{yang2022proco,
  title={Proco: Prototype-aware contrastive learning for long-tailed medical image classification},
  author={Yang, Zhixiong and Pan, Junwen and Yang, Yanzhan and Shi, Xiaozhou and Zhou, Hong-Yu and Zhang, Zhicheng and Bian, Cheng},
  booktitle={International conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention},
  pages={173--182},
  year={2022},
  organization={Springer}
}
@article{wang2022deep,
  title={Deep generative mixture model for robust imbalance classification},
  author={Wang, Xinyue and Jing, Liping and Lyu, Yilin and Guo, Mingzhe and Wang, Jiaqi and Liu, Huafeng and Yu, Jian and Zeng, Tieyong},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
  volume={45},
  number={3},
  pages={2897--2912},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{li2023uniformer,
  title={Uniformer: Unifying convolution and self-attention for visual recognition},
  author={Li, Kunchang and Wang, Yali and Zhang, Junhao and Gao, Peng and Song, Guanglu and Liu, Yu and Li, Hongsheng and Qiao, Yu},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
  volume={45},
  number={10},
  pages={12581--12600},
  year={2023},
  publisher={IEEE}
}


@inproceedings{xiong2023efficientsam,
  title={Efficientsam: Leveraged masked image pretraining for efficient segment anything},
  author={Xiong, Yunyang and Varadarajan, Bala and Wu, Lemeng and Xiang, Xiaoyu and Xiao, Fanyi and Zhu, Chenchen and Dai, Xiaoliang and Wang, Dilin and Sun, Fei and Iandola, Forrest and others},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  pages={16111--16121},
  year={2024}
}
@inproceedings{selvaraju2017grad,
  title={Grad-cam: Visual explanations from deep networks via gradient-based localization},
  author={Selvaraju, Ramprasaath R and Cogswell, Michael and Das, Abhishek and Vedantam, Ramakrishna and Parikh, Devi and Batra, Dhruv},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision},
  pages={618--626},
  year={2017}
}
@inproceedings{li2025catch,
title={CATCH: A Modular Cross-domain Adaptive Template with Hook},
author={Li, Xinjin and Lu, Yulie and Cao, Jinghan and Ma, Yu and Li, Zhenglin and Zhou, Yeyang},
booktitle={International Symposium on Visual Computing},
pages={41--52},
year={2025},
organization={Springer}
}
@misc{li2025hyfacialhybridfeatureextraction,
title={Hy-{F}acial: Hybrid Feature Extraction by Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Enhanced Facial Expression Classification},
author={Xinjin Li and Yu Ma and Kaisen Ye and Jinghan Cao and Minghao Zhou and Yeyang Zhou},
year={2025},
eprint={2509.26614},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26614},
}

@article{wu2026volumetric,
  title={Volumetric Directional Diffusion: Anchoring Uncertainty Quantification in Anatomical Consensus for Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation},
  author={Wu, Chao and Xie, Kangxian and Gao, Mingchen},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.04024},
  year={2026}
}
@article{xie2026refining,
  title={Refining 3{D} Medical Segmentation with Verbal Instruction},
  author={Xie, Kangxian and Yang, Jiancheng and Pinter, Nandor and Wu, Chao and Bozorgtabar, Behzad and Gao, Mingchen},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.14496},
  year={2026}
}
@misc{sha2025fastcadfairnessawareframeworknoncontact,
title={{FAST-CAD}: A Fairness-Aware Framework for Non-Contact Stroke Diagnosis},
author={Tianming Sha and Zechuan Chen and Zhan Cheng and Haotian Zhai and Xuwei Ding and Keze Wang},
year={2025},
eprint={2511.08887},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08887},
}

@article{hu2026codes,
	doi = {10.20944/preprints202603.1152.v1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202603.1152.v1},
	year = 2026,
	month = {March},
	publisher = {Preprints},
	author = {Lan Hu and Yuting Xin and Binqi Shen and Hanyu Cai and Lier Jin},
	title = {{C}o{DES}: A Context-Efficient Framework for Enhancing Small Language Models via Domain-Specific Adaptation and Model Ensembling},
	journal = {Preprints}
}