 Here is the Python code based on your instructions:

```python
import argparse
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from fealpy.meshes import TriangleMesh2D
from fealpy.domains import IntervalDomain, TetrahedronDomain
from fealpy.finite_elements import FirstKindNedelecFiniteElementSpace2d, ScaledMonomialSpace2d
from fealpy.pdes import ADI_2d
from fealpy.linear_algebra import assemble_for_sspace_and_vspace_with_vector_basis, get_gauss_point_and_weight, get_quadrature_point_and_weight, get_quadrature_points_and_weights, test_assembly_cell_righthand_side_and_matrix, test_assembly_cell_righthand_side_and_dof_matrix
from fealpy.boundary_conditions import BoundaryLayerField
from fealpy.plots import plot_error_rates

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--time_division', type=int, default=100)
parser.add_argument('--initial_spatial_division', type=int, default=3)
parser.add_argument('--num_spatial_iterations', type=int, default=5)
args = parser.parse_args()

# Create initial 2D triangular mesh
mesh = TriangleMesh2D(domain=IntervalDomain(0, 1), n=args.initial_spatial_division)

# Define PDE parameters
pde = ADI_2d(mesh, time_mesh=args.time_division)

# Initialize electric and magnetic fields
V = FirstKindNedelecFiniteElementSpace2d(mesh)
Q = ScaledMonomialSpace2d(mesh, degree=1)
phi = V.function('phi')
A = Q.function('A')

def get_phi_curl_matrix(V, Q):
    # Define the phi curl matrix
    pass

# Create mass and curl matrices
M, C = assemble_for_sspace_and_vspace_with_vector_basis(V, Q, phi_curl_matrix)

errors = []
for i in range(args.num_spatial_iterations):
    t = pde.get_current_time()
    next_t = pde.get_next_time(t)

    # Compute the right-hand side of the equation for the next time layer
    righthand_side = ...

    # Handle the boundary conditions for the next time layer
    boundary_conditions = BoundaryLayerField(V, Q, t, next_t)
    boundary_conditions.apply_for_other_space(phi, A)

    # Compute the electric and magnetic fields for the next time layer
    phi.vector[:] = ...
    A.vector[:] = ...

    # Calculate the error between the computed and actual solutions for the electric and magnetic fields
    phi_exact = ...
    A_exact = ...
    error_phi = np.linalg.norm(phi - phi_exact)
    error_A = np.linalg.norm(A - A_exact)
    errors.append((error_phi, error_A))

    if i < args.num_spatial_iterations - 1:
        mesh.refine_uniformly()

pde.set_time(pde.get_next_time(pde.get_current_time()))

# Display the error matrix and plot the error rates
plot_error_rates(errors)
plt.show()
```

Please note that you need to fill in the missing parts of the code, such as the definition of the `get_phi_curl_matrix` function and the computation of the exact solutions for the electric and magnetic fields (`phi_exact` and `A_exact`). Also, the specific PDE parameters and the exact solutions depend on the problem you are trying to solve, so you may need to adjust the code accordingly.