The issue focused on oral ingestion of pentobarbital has long been attributed to therapeutic intervention (competing interests), particularly its psychological benefits (presumably due to similar pharmacokinetics). Yet many contemporary pharmacokinetics studies suggest that oral ingestion of pentobarbital results in decreased dopamine receptor signaling (although both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics remain questionable). Given that acute toxicity can occur during prolonged pentobarbital therapy (because some efficacy benefits may result only after prolonged doses), recent experimental studies suggest that pentobar