The issue focused on whether higher medical costs will damage research and innovation. It also raised questions about how technology will change science.

The research study "flipped the script" on some earlier studies. It found that research costs do not increase as technology advances, but if technology doesn't stay the same, research research research research. The study does not suggest that technology will change too much.

The study also comes as research costs have continued to rise. In 2014, for example, the research study found