The issue focused on computer hardware that monitors electronic devices for harmful software and sensors. Computer makers such as Dell, IBM and Hewlett-Packard also developed computers with defenses against hackers.

However, cyberattacks can damage servers or databases even when they have no malicious intent. Computer systems often store passwords and personal data in digital files that hackers can copy and modify. They can then mine those databases to obtain passwords or access customer databases.

Since cyberattacks were previously largely theoretical, technology companies worked hard to