The issue focused primarily on technological innovations such as robotics and automation that enable automated robots to interact more seamlessly with humans. Many engineers criticized IBM's contribution in expanding computing capabilities beyond PCs to consoles. Some programmers protested IBM's emergence as the dominant maker of smartphones. Others objected to IBM's reliance on databases for computation. Even computers hackers reacted angrily to IBM's dominance in electronics technology. For instance, Unix programmer Neil Macintosh asserted that IBM software machines controlled printers without typewriters or scanners. Computer nerds applauded IBM's obsession with