The issue focused mainly on visas issued under Executive Order 13469 (Executive Order 13260), signed by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 and authorizing issuance of waivers from Immigration and Naturalization Service visa categories based on lawful humanitarian considerations. Among those exemptions granted were nationality certificates for Iraqis fleeing Saddam Hussein's murderous dictatorship; passports issued to Afghans persecuted by Taliban insurgents and outlawed militants in Kabul and Kandahar provinces; passports issued to Eritreans deported from Rwanda under Genocide Resolution 242 (1965 UN resolution 194); passports issued to Yemeni nationals lawfully