The issue focused primarily on economics but applied across academic disciplines as well. Scientists argue over scientific methodology and philosophical foundations in academia. Philosophy philosophers advocate theories based on empirical observations rather than hypotheses or assertions about reality. Scientific discoveries challenge assumptions about nature and biology that scientists rely on for evolutionary explanations of phenomena such as genetics. Science academics disagree over science philosophy (scientific theories regarding philosophy), sociology (societal sciences theories relating to anthropology and sociology), neuroscience (medical sciences theories relating to psychiatry), epidemiology (clinical psychology theories relating to