Bheru Lal Meena (born 1 January, in Teedi, District Udaipur (Rajasthan)) was member of 10th Lok Sabha from Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency) in Rajasthan, India.
Route description.
From its western terminus at the interchange with the U.S. Highway 285 freeway, SH 8 runs north in the town of Morrison, then east on Morrison Road to its eastern terminus at State Highway 121, also known as Wadsworth Boulevard, in Lakewood.
No part of SH 8 is a freeway.
Within the town of Morrison is a road junction with State Highway 74, also known as Bear Creek Canyon Road, westbound to Evergreen.
East of Morrison is an interchange with the SH 470 freeway.
The first three leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada were not chosen at a leadership convention.
The most recent leadership election was held in 2013.
The first Liberal leadership convention was held on August 7, 1919.
Balloting continued until one candidate won a majority of votes.
After the 1919 convention, a system was adopted where the candidate with the fewest votes on a given ballot is automatically dropped.
Since 1919, time has also been given between ballots for candidates to announce if they wish to withdraw and throw their support to another candidate.
The 2009 Liberal leadership election was the last one in which the leader was chosen by delegates.
Future leadership elections were to be conducted according to a weighted one member, one vote system in which all party members could cast ballots but in which they would be counted so that each riding had equal weight.
This system, however, has been modified in the 2012 Biennial Convention in Ottawa.
In addition to the card-carrying membership, registered supporters, a newly created category of Liberal sympathisers, given the right to vote in their constituency. 1919 leadership convention results.
The 1919 leadership convention was held in Ottawa, Ontario on August 7, 1919.
Graham withdrew while voting for the third ballot was underway.
McKenzie withdrew while voting for the fourth ballot was in process.
Votes were not counted for either one, and the convention proceeded directly to the fifth ballot. 1948 leadership convention results.
The 1948 leadership convention was held in Ottawa on August 7, 1948. 1958 leadership convention results.
The 1958 leadership convention was held in Ottawa on January 16, 1958. 1968 leadership convention results.
The 1968 leadership convention was held in Ottawa Civic Centre in Ottawa, Ontario on April 6, 1968. 1980 leadership convention.
A leadership convention was scheduled for late March 1980, in Winnipeg, Manitoba but was cancelled due to the fall of the Progressive Conservative government on December 13, 1979 and the calling of the February 18, 1980 federal election.
As a result of the snap election call, the Liberal caucus and party executive persuaded Pierre Trudeau to rescind his resignation as party leader and lead the Liberals into the election. 1984 leadership convention results.
The 1984 leadership convention was held in Ottawa on June 16, 1984. 1990 leadership convention results.
The 1990 leadership convention was held in Calgary, Alberta on June 23, 1990. 2003 leadership convention results.
The 2003 leadership convention was held in Toronto, Ontario on November 14, 2003. 2009 leadership convention results.
The 2009 leadership convention was held at the Vancouver Convention Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia from April 30-May 3, 2009.
Bob Rae and Dominic LeBlanc withdrew in December 2008 (five months prior to the convention) allowing Ignatieff to become leader by default. 2013 leadership election.
Techtro Swades United Women's Football Club is an Indian women's football department of Techtro Swades United FC.
The team is based in Una, Himachal Pradesh.
It competes in the Himachal Women's League.
The club was established in March 2021.
Census Division No.
8 (Central Manitoba) is a census division located within the Central Plains Region of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.
Unlike in some other provinces, census divisions do not reflect the organization of local government in Manitoba.
The economics of the area is based on agriculture, livestock and commercial fish on Lake Manitoba.
The population of the area as of 2016 was 13,968.
Also included in the division is the Sandy Bay First Nation and the southernmost part of the Long Plain First Nation.
Demographics.
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Division No. 8 had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of .
He won the World Amateur Billiards Championship in 1936, 1938, 1951 and 1962 and was runner-up three times, as well as a national snooker champion.
Marshall was born in Kalgoorlie, the same town as another legend of the game, Walter Lindrum.
Throughout his career he was compared favourably with Lindrum who, in 1954, himself declared that Marshall was one of the greatest amateur players he had ever seen.
Ten years later, the contemporary English snooker professional Fred Davis said of Marshall, "Most noticeable about his style is his compactness, so like Walter Lindrum, and the shortness of his back-swing, hardly more than a couple of inches."
Marshall dominated amateur billiards before and after the war with a career that spanned six decades, broken by retirements in 1963 and 1970 followed by come-backs.
Career.
Marshall's first job was as a hairdresser, and he later opened a successful dry-cleaning outlet.
He became the World Amateur Champion for the first time in 1936, and took the title again in 1938.
During World War II, he spent four years in the Royal Australian Air Force.
In 1951 he again won the World Amateur Championship, and in 1952 was runner-up.
He took another World 2nd place in 1954.
This record remained unbeaten until 1984 when Subhash Agarwal compiled a 716 break.
Matthew Bolton has since broken those records with breaks of 809 (2017), 736 (2014) and 831 (2012).
In 1962 Marshall was invited to India to compete in the national billiards and snooker titles.
He won both.
He entered politics in 1965 when he won the seat of Maylands in the state election for the Liberal party.
In 1969 he made a comeback for a series of exhibition matches against New Zealand professional Clark McConachy and regained his Australian title the same year, defending it successfully in 1970 before retiring once again.
In 1985 he won the Australian title at the age of 75.
This success encouraged him to travel to New Delhi, India for an attempt at his fifth world title where he won all matches except the final which was taken by rising Indian champion Geet Sethi, Marshall actually led after the first two hours of the six hour final.
His best break was 1,056 which he made in practice in 49 minutes.
In the 1953 Australian championships he made a break of 702 in 37 minutes.
He twice recorded seven breaks of 100 or more in a two-hour session and in the 1938 World Championship final in Melbourne, made a break of 335 in just over 15 minutes.
He used "top-of-the-table" techniques for his break-building, and all of his records were made under the "two-pot rule".
Snooker.
As a snooker player, he contested four Australian amateur finals, and was Australian National Champion in 1956.
His best break was 139.
Awards and honours.
In 1963 he was named Western Australian Sportsman of the Year, and in 1980 was awarded the Order of Australia (OAM).
He was inducted into the Western Australian Hall of Champions in 1985.
He served a single term as the Liberal member for Maylands in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1965 to 1968.
His biography "My Life and Times" was written with Cyril Ayris and Ross Haig.
A familygram is a personal message sent by their families to sailors of the United States Navy or the Royal Navy serving in submarines.
The word is a portmanteau of "family" and "telegram".
Because submarines normally maintain radio silence to avoid detection, personal messages from the 'outside world' are severely restricted.
Familygrams were originally limited to 15 words, though later as many as 50 words were permitted.
Content was also severely restricted.
Familygrams were not private communications.
Familygrams were scanned for content before being transmitted, and scanned again before delivery to the intended recipients.
There are many examples of such familygrams on the Internet, dating from the Vietnam War and earlier.
Currently the Royal Navy permits twice weekly messages of 60 words or a weekly message of 120 to submariners serving in Trident submarines (SSBNs).
The content of the messages is vetted before being sent and by the Commanding Officer of the submarine.
Coded messages are not permitted, and bad news will not be passed to crew without approval from Navy personnel.
Ancistrostylis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae.
They compete in the Women's Super50 Cup and the Twenty20 Blaze, which they joined in 2016.
History.
The Leeward Islands joined the West Indies domestic structure in 2016, playing in the Regional Women's Championship and the Regional Women's Twenty20 Championship.
They finished bottom of their group in both competitions.
The side have competed in every 50-over and T20 competition since, but have yet to win a match, finishing bottom of the league every season.
In 2019, Leeward Islands captain Shawnisha Hector became the first Antiguan female cricketer to play for the West Indies.
Players.
Current squad.
Based on squad announced for the 2023 season.
Players in bold have international caps.
Omiodes camphorae is a moth in the family Crambidae.
It was described by Tams in 1928.
The Adoption Disclosure Register (ADR) is an adoption reunion registry operated by the government of Ontario, Canada.
It implements the adoption disclosure provisions of the "Child and Family Services Act".
Background.
Under Ontario law prior to July 2009, the identity of birth parents was not given out to adoptees, nor was the new identity of adoptees available to birth relatives.
Either party seeking to make contact may apply to have their name placed on the register.
Services offered.
In all cases other than medical emergencies, identifying information is never given out before consent is obtained from both parties.
A passive search is simply a list, maintained by the Ministry of Community and Social Services, of adoptees and birth relatives who have requested contact with their birth relatives.
When both an adoptee and a birth relative of an adoptee appears on the list, officials alert both to this and contact details are exchanged.
Any adoptee or birth relative may request a passive search.
An active search must be done at the request of an adoptee.
Government employees who have access to the original name of a specified birth relative (mother, father, grandfather, etc.) then attempt to locate and contact this person.
If successful, they ask whether this person desires contact with the adoptee.
The right to request an active search is only offered to adoptees, not birth relatives.
However, since the time resources expended in an active search are considerable, there is presently a long queue of outstanding requests for active searches.
Closure.
While it implements the relevant legislation correctly, the ADR has received significant amounts of criticism from adoptees and birth relatives for being slow and unreliable.
The active search for birth relatives is dependent on government resources, and the waiting list for active search can be as long as a decade.
Frustration with the ADR was the primary motivation for the passing of the Adoption Information Disclosure Act in November 2005.
This act, when implemented, will unseal adoption records, allowing individuals to take the initiative of contacting birth relatives.
After the bill's passage, Ontario Social Services Minister Madeleine Meilleur announced the ADR will close once the bill is implemented, beginning with the cessation of active search requests on April 26, 2006.
This proposed closure of the ADR was criticized by the groups that had campaigned for the act's passage, on the basis that the ADR provided important services, such as conducting searches and coordinating reunions, which would be necessary even when records are unsealed.
The Adoption Information Disclosure Act was ruled unconstitutional by an Ontario Superior Court judge and set aside in September 2007, two days after its provisions took effect.
Susan York (born 1951) is an American artist and educator, primarily known for her reductive cast graphite sculpture.
She lives and works in Santa Fe, New Mexico where the quality of light and expansive emptiness of the high desert landscape provides inspiration.
Early life and education.
York was born in Newport, Rhode Island.
In 1972, she received a BFA in studio arts from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.
In 1995, she received an MFA in ceramics from Cranbrook Academy of Art.
While in college, York created a body of floor-oriented assemblage work.
These flat reductive works marked transitions between 2D and 3D materials.
Career.
After graduating from UNM, York continued her art practice in Santa Fe, where she had a studio space at a local Zen Center.
They are about what is known forever in the mind."
This was a pivotal experience and later a mentoring friendship evolved between York and Martin.
In 1997, as an artist in residence at the European Ceramic Work Center, in the Netherlands, York began to experiment with integrating her forms within the rooms of a given space.
This led to compositions of stacked fragile porcelain shards positioned next to objects blackened with graphite powder rubbed surfaces.
York's sculptures are associated with principles of Minimalism with traces of a repetitive hands-on process.
Ras Al Khaimah International Airport (alternatively Ra's al-Khaymah, ) is an international airport located in the Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates south of Ras Al Khaimah, on the coast of the Persian Gulf.
The airport has two passenger terminal buildings as well as cargo, aircraft maintenance, and aviation training facilities.
History.
In 1976, the airport was inaugurated by the long-time ruler, Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad Al Qasimi.
Unlike Dubai International Airport, Ras Al Khaimah International Airport did not develop into an international or regional aviation hub.
In 2007, RAK Airways started operating as the national airline with a hub at the airport.
It suspended regular operations in 2008 due to the global economic crisis.
It relaunched in 2010 with new branding and management, but suspended operations permanently in 2013.
In 2014, Air Arabia started its commercial flights to different destinations including Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh following the suspension of RAK Airways.
Ras-al-Khaimah has been designated as an hub for Air Arabia for a period of ten years, extendable thereafter.
Currently, Ras Al Khaimah International Airport is being refocused with efforts to attract cargo business, in particular from establishments under the Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone.
Airlines and destinations.
Iyengars (also spelt Ayyangar or Aiyengar, pronounced ) are an ethnoreligious community of Tamil-speaking Hindu Brahmins, whose members follow Sri Vaishnavism and the Visishtadvaita philosophy propounded by Ramanuja.
Found mostly in the Southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, Iyengars are divided into two denominations, the Vadakalai and the Tenkalai.
The community belongs to the Pancha Dravida Brahmana classification of Brahmins in India.
Etymology.
History.
Common origins.
He is traditionally believed to have collected the 4,000 works of Nammalvar and other alvars, the poet-saints of Southern India who were intensely devoted to Vishnu on both an emotional and intellectual plane.
A scriptural equivalence was accepted by the community that formed from his works.
The Sanskrit texts are considered to be metaphysical truth and the Tamil oral variants to be based on human experience of the same.
This community became immersed in the dual-language worship in temples where issues of varna were of no concern.
A century or so later, Ramanuja became the principal amongst religious leaders who formalized the efforts of Nathamuni as a theology.
Ramanuja developed the philosophy of Visishtadvaita and is described by Harold Coward as "the founding interpreter of Sri Vaisnavite scripture," while Anne Overzee says that he was a collator and interpreter rather than an original thinker.
Although showing originality in his method of synthesizing the Tamil and Sanskrit sources, Ranjeeta Dutta said that the two sets of sources "continued to be parallel to each other and not incorporative" at this time.
Nathamuni and Ramanuja were both Brahmins, while Nammalvar was of the Vellala community.
All three men were Tamils, although Ramanuja documented his thoughts in Sanskrit.
Schism.
Ramanuja was initially a proponent of the traditional bhakti philosophy that demanded adherents have a good command of Sanskrit texts and a ritualized approach to life and devotion.
This outlook marginalized women and members of the Shudra Varna because they were barred from learning the Sanskrit Vedas.
Ramanuja later changed his position and became more receptive to a more inclusive theory.
His thoughts also contained what John Carman has described as a "significant ambiguity", of which Ramanuja may not himself have been aware.
His metaphorical devices suggested that devotion through ritual "earned" salvation but also that salvation was given through the grace of God.
Subsequently, some time around the fourteenth century, the Iyengar community divided into two sects.
Both sects maintained a reverence for his works but were increasingly divided due to the doctrinal uncertainties evident in them.
The Vadakalai sect is referred to as the "Northern" culture or school, and the Tenkalai sect is the "Southern" culture or school.
These cultures reference the perceived prominence given by the sects to the terse style of Sanskrit traditions and the lyrical "Tamil Prabhandams", respectively.
S. M. Srinivasa Chari believes this linguistic differentiation to be overstated.
The Vadakalai favour Vedanta Desika as their acharya and the Tenkalai prefer instead the teachings of Manavala Mamuni.
Chari notes that the sects share a common allegiance to Nammalvar and Ramanuja. and that their subsequent significant thinkers "wholly accepted the authority and importance" of both linguistic styles.
Harold Schiffman says that the linguistic schism reflects wider underlying doctrinal differences between the populist southern school and the social conservatism of the north, with Tamil historically being a language understood by the masses. while Sanskrit was elitist and "caste-bound".
Vedic philosophy holds that the supreme goal in life is to attain the blissful state of Brahman through moksha, being the process of liberation of the suffering soul from the cycle of reincarnation.
Although eighteen points of difference between the two Iyengar sects are generally recognised, being referred to as the "ashtadasa bhedas", most of these are minor.
They give rise to another naming convention for the two sects, being the "monkey school" and the "cat school".
Unlike the Vadakalai, the Tenkalai Iyengar sect reject the varna system, and accepted those of lower castes into their temples.
The sect was founded by Pillai Lokacharya.
This is the reason why a Vadakalai Iyengar is often seen prostrating four times, while Tenkalai Iyengars are seen prostrating only once.
Sectarian rivalry.
The sectarian rivalry has at times been bitter and, according to Andre Beteille, "aggressive".
Thomas Manninezhath notes an intensification of disputes at the time of Thayumanavar in the eighteenth century and on other occasions legal processes have been used in attempts to settle the control of temples.
Relations with other communities.
Since independence, grievances and alleged instances of discrimination by Brahmins in Tamil Nadu are believed to be the main factors which fueled the Self-Respect Movement and marginalised them.
This, in combination with the depressed economic and social conditions of non-Brahmins, led the non-Brahmins to agitate and form the Justice Party in 1916, which later became the Dravidar Kazhagam.
The Justice Party banked on vehement anti-Hindu and anti-Brahmin propaganda to ease Brahmins out of their privileged positions.
Gradually, the non-Brahmin replaced the Brahmin in every sphere and destroyed the monopoly over education and the administrative services which the Brahmin had previously held.
There were also accusations that they were Sanskritists who had a contemptuous attitude towards Tamil language, culture and civilisation.
Kamil Zvelebil, a Dravidologist, argues from a study of the history of Tamil literature that this accusation is inaccurate and factually wrong.
He notes that the Brahmin was chosen as a scapegoat to answer for the decline of Tamil civilisation and culture in the medieval and post-medieval periods.
Subgroups.
Hebbar.
Hebbar Iyengar or Hebbari Srivaishnava is a caste of Hindu Brahmins of Tamil and Kannada origin whose members follow the Visishtadvaita philosophy propounded by Ramanuja.
They are found primarily in the Indian state of Karnataka especially in Southern Districts.
Mandayam.
Mandayam Iyengars are a subgroup of Iyengars, settled in various parts of Karnataka, predominantly Melkote.
Mandayam Iyengars also speak a different dialect of Tamil called as Mandayam Tamil.
Mandayam Iyengars follow Ramanujacharya and Manavala Mamunigal.
Mandyam Iyengars do not celebrate the popular Hindu festival of Diwali in remembrance of the day Tipu Sultan massacred close to 1500 men, women and children of this community on Diwali of 1773 in Srirangapatna.
Chelluru Iyengars follow Ramanujacharya and Manavala Mamunigal.
Wedding customs.
Tamil Brahmin weddings are held to a distinct standard of religious orthodoxy in comparison to the ceremonies of other communities.
They consist of age-old traditions, enactments, time-bound customs, as well as practices for securing kinship affiliations for the sacred initiation of the bride into her new family.
Juice TV, previously Juice, originally was a 24-hour music television channel operating from the Auckland suburb of Parnell in New Zealand.
The channel closed on 15 May 2015 and relaunched as a 30-minute-long programme on Garage.
The channel then relaunched independently from Garage on Freeview and its own online broadcast.
History.
Juice originally launched as Juice TV on the "Sky Orange" channel which aired on Sky's UHF pay TV service, starting in 1994.
In 1997, the channel began broadcasting 24 hours a day.
In 1998 Juice TV began broadcasting exclusively on Sky Digital.
The station used an automated Omneon Spectrum media server playout system to operate 24 hours a day and was funded by advertising paying no access fees for carriage on SKY's platform.
From 2001 to 2011, Juice TV held an annual music video awards ceremony, the Juice TV Awards.
In 2011, Juice TV ceased broadcasting on the analogue platform.
In November 2014, Juice TV rebranded to Juice with a new logo.
On 15 May 2015 Juice was replaced by Garage TV, an action and adventure channel, which retained a Juice-branded programme as a half-hour presentation.
Garage TV itself ceased over-the-air operations 31 July 2017 to become a streaming service.
Biography.
Watts was brought up in Australia.
He is the older brother of actress Naomi Watts and son of Peter Watts, who was initially a road manager for Pink Floyd and later their sound engineer, and was found dead of an apparent heroin overdose in August 1976, aged 30.
Watts studied at the Sydney College of the Arts in Australia, where he started his photographic career as a photographer's assistant.
Career.
He first came to New York in 1990, where he started documenting urban youth and was especially fascinated by hip hop culture.
He moved to New York circa 1993.
His work was shown in "Vibe" and "Rolling Stone" and in advertisements for Nike, Reebok and Gap.
The season began on 28 September 2013 and concluded on 4 May 2014.
The 1972 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1972 NCAA University Division football season.
The team's defense allowed only 11.7 points per game, which ranked 12th among 128 NCAA University Division football teams.
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Steve Williams with 676 passing yards, tailback Bob Hitchens with 1,370 rushing yards, and John Viher with 414 receiving yards.
Hitchens won the Miami most valuable player award and the MAC Offensive Player of the Year award.
The Autons are an artificial life form from the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who" and adversaries of the Doctor.
They were originally created by scriptwriter Robert Holmes for Jon Pertwee's first serial as the Doctor, "Spearhead from Space" (1970), and were the first monsters to be presented in colour on the series.
They returned for the following season's "Terror of the Autons" (1971), which also introduced the character of the Master, but they did not appear again in the original series.
Holmes intended to feature the Autons for season 23 of "Doctor Who" in 1986 in a story entitled "Yellow Fever and How to Cure It", which featured the Master and the Rani, but it was abandoned due to the programme being put on an 18th-month hiatus.
Autons are essentially life-sized plastic dummies, automatons animated by the Nestene Consciousness, an extraterrestrial, disembodied gestalt intelligence which first arrived on Earth in hollow plastic meteorites.
Their name comes from Auto Plastics, the company that was infiltrated by the Nestenes and subsequently manufactured their Auton shells in "Spearhead From Space".
Autons conceal deadly weapons within their hands, which can kill or vaporise their targets.
The typical Auton does not look particularly realistic, resembling a mannequin, being robotic in its movements and mute.
However, more sophisticated Autons can be created, which look and act human except for a slight plastic sheen to the skin and a flat-sounding voice.
In Series 5 of the relaunched "Doctor Who" series, they are shown as being able to create fully lifelike human replicas, able to fool other humans.
History.
The Nestenes are among the oldest beings in the "Doctor Who" universe, described as creatures which existed in the "Dark Times", along with the Racnoss, Great Vampires and Carrionites.
Eventually, they sought to invade the Earth (in "Spearhead from Space"), using more human-looking Autons to replace key government figures, although these plans were thwarted by UNIT with the help of the Doctor, who also destroyed their invasion form, a multi-tentacled cephalopod.
The Nestenes subsequently returned in the first serial of Pertwee's second year as the Doctor, "Terror of the Autons", which also featured the introduction of the Master.
In this attempt, the Nestenes also made use of more mundane, everyday plastic objects, animating plastic toys, inflatable chairs and artificial flowers in addition to their Auton servants.
The Doctor convinced the Master that the Nestenes were too dangerous to be reliable allies, and they reversed the radio beam the invasion force was coming in on, sending it back into space.
This would be The Nestenes and the Autons final appearance in Doctor Who's original run.
They would not return again until the episode "Rose" in 2005.
Early drafts of "The Five Doctors" (1983) featured a scene where Sarah Jane Smith encountered some Autons and is rescued by the Third Doctor, but it was dropped before filming for reasons of time and expense.
A third appearance was planned for the aborted 1986 season during Colin Baker's tenure as the Doctor, but never materialized.
Titled Yellow Fever and How to Cure It, it was supposed to be set in Singapore, with appearances by the Rani and the Master.
The story, which was to be scripted by the veteran writer Robert Holmes, only exists in outline form.
Although the Autons only appeared in two serials during the original television series run, they remain one of the more memorable monsters associated with the Jon Pertwee years as well as "Doctor Who" as a whole.
The image of store mannequins coming to life in "Spearhead from Space", in full colour and shooting people down in the street, is one of the series' iconic moments and is often cited as an example of the series' ability to make everyday things terrifying.
The story also featured in a discussion in the House of Lords, where Baroness Bacon expressed worries about it being too frightening even for older children.
When the series was revived in 2005, producer and writer Russell T Davies chose the Autons as the first monster to be featured.
The Nestenes infiltrated Earth once more, using warp shunt technology, in the opening episode of the 2005 series.
In "Rose", it was revealed that the Nestenes lost their food supply in a war when their protein planets rotted.
Their intent was to overthrow and destroy the human race, as Earth was ideal for their consumption needs, being filled with smoke, oil and various pollutants.
They were eventually destroyed when Rose spilled a vial of the Doctor's "anti-plastic" solution into the vat of molten plastic which housed the main bulk of the Consciousness, causing it to explode.
(The episode never mentioned "Autons" by name other than in the credits, but the Nestene Consciousness was specifically identified.)
"Rose" also featured an Auton facsimile that could change the shape of its features and limbs, and established that the Nestenes animate the Autons by means of telepathic projection.
When duplicated, the originals are kept alive to maintain the copy (this is also seen in "Spearhead from Space").
It is not yet clear if the war mentioned was also the motivation behind their earlier invasions or a recent development, but it is likely to be the Time War that is featured in subsequent episodes of the series.
The sequence, specifically filmed for the episode, was a flashback to the climactic events of "Rose".
The Autons returned in the 2010 episode "The Pandorica Opens", allying with the Atraxi, Blowfish, Chelonians, Daleks, Drahvins, Draconians, Sontarans, Cybermen, Haemogoth, Judoon, Slitheen, Silurians, Sycorax, Terileptils, Hoix, Roboforms, Uvodni, Zygons and Weevils to trap the Eleventh Doctor.
The Autons in this episode were programmed to believe they were the soldiers of a Roman legion, among them Rory Williams, using the memories of Amy Pond.
They were very realistic and far more sophisticated than the average Auton, and their hands contained futuristic laser guns rather than projectile weapons.
Due to the influences of the cracks in time, the Rory copy possessed the personality of the real Rory and helped save the universe.
The Rory duplicate survived on Earth from A.D. 102 to 1996, demonstrating that Autons can have a long lifespan.
Other appearances.
The Nestenes have also appeared in the "Doctor Who" spin-off novels (which linked the Consciousness with the Great Old Ones of the Cthulhu Mythos, in particular as an offspring of Shub-Niggurath).
In the Sixth Doctor novel "Business Unusual" by Gary Russell (which gave Melanie Bush a belated introduction story), the Nestenes used computer games and plastic toys in another bid for world conquest.
This novel also featured the Time Lords launching an assault on the Nestene homeworld Polymos, which may or may not be connected to the war mentioned in "Rose".
In 2008, the Eighth Doctor and Lucie Miller encounter Autons in the audio "Brave New Town", these Autons being part of an old Soviet program to infiltrate Britain during the Cold War before the collapse of the Soviet Union left the Autons stuck in a loop in the fake British town created for the spies, eventually developing independence.
A Tenth Doctor novel, "Autonomy", was released in September 2009 featuring the Autons.
In the "Doctor Who Annual 2006", an article written by Russell T Davies mentions the loss of the Nestene Consciousness's planets during the Time War, and states that it "found itself mutating under temporal stress".
This may be a reference to the difference between the portrayal of the Consciousness in "Spearhead from Space" and "Rose".
These stories featured UNIT battling the Consciousness.
In the first film, a Nestene energy unit and several Autons captured by UNIT in "Spearhead from Space" are accidentally reactivated.
In the sequels, the escaped Autons attempt to awaken several dormant Nestenes put in place since before the development of human civilization.
Though BBV was licensed to use the Nestenes, Autons and UNIT by the writers who created them, as with all spin-off productions the canonicity of these films is unclear.
The Autons appear as sketches in John Smith's "A Journal of Impossible Things" in the episode "Human Nature".
"Autonomous" Autons, which had a piece of Nestene Consciousness inside them and developed personalities when separated from the control unit, were featured in the 2008 Eighth Doctor audio story "Brave New Town".
They appear when the player time travels to Central London in 2015 using the TARDIS, as when the player destroys three purple rocks to get a Minikit, whenever the player destroys one, the Autons come to life out the window and attack the player.
Awali is a small municipality located approximately in the centre of the Kingdom of Bahrain, a small island in the Persian Gulf.
Founded in the 1930s by the Bahrain Petroleum Company, it is populated mostly by workers of various nationalities from around the world whose skills were needed in the setting up and running of the refinery at Sitrah.
To its north are Bahrain's oil refinery and to its south are the oil wells and the desert area of Sakhir.
Tinderbox is a rural residential locality in the local government area of Kingborough in the Hobart region of Tasmania.
It is located about south of the town of Kingston.
The 2016 census has a population of 394 for the state suburb of Tinderbox.
Tinderbox is also part of the Greater Hobart statistical area.
History.
Tinderbox was gazetted as a locality in 1961.
The locality is said to be named after a sterling silver tinderbox found on the beach in the 1830s.
Geography.
North-West Bay forms the western boundary, D'Entrecasteaux Channel the southern, and the Derwent River the eastern.
Road infrastructure.
Kerui Petroleum is a Chinese oil services and equipment company.
It provides equipment and EPC services for oil drilling and production and natural gas plants.
The Middle East headquarters is in Abu Dhabi and bases in Dammam, Saudi Arabia and Izmir, Turkey.
Michael Wallace Banach (born November 19, 1962) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1994.
He has been apostolic nuncio to Hungary since May 2022.
He has served as an observer at a United Nations agency and as apostolic nuncio to several nations in Asia and Africa.
Biography.
Michael Wallace Banach was born on November 19, 1962, in Worcester, Massachusetts.
He was ordained on July 2, 1988, by Bishop Timothy Harrington as a priest for the Diocese of Worcester.
In 1992, Banach completed his preparation for a diplomatic career for the Holy See at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome.
He joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See on July 1, 1994, and fulfilled assignments in the nunciatures in Bolivia and Nigeria as well as in Rome in the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State.
On January 22, 2007 Banach was appointed as permanent observer of the Holy See at the United Nations Office at Vienna and United Nations Industrial Development Organization and as permanent representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in Vienna.
On February 22, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI named Banach titular archbishop of Memphis and gave him the title apostolic nuncio.
On April 16, 2013, Pope Francis appointed him as apostolic nuncio to Papua New Guinea.
Banach received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Secretary of State Tarcisio Bertone on April 27, 2013, in Rome.
His co-consecrators were Cardinals Marc Ouellet and Fernando Filoni.
On May 13, 2017, his title in Mauritania changed from apostolic delegate to apostolic nuncio.
The train runs from via , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , to .
Locomotive.
Rakes.
Accidents.
On 19 August 2017, the Kalinga-Utkal Express derailed with fourteen coaches of the train going off track in Khatauli in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Heading to Haridwar in Uttarakhand from Puri in Odisha, the incident resulted in the death of 23 people while injuring 40 others.
Crompton usually played in the back pocket and thus did not kick many goals however it is for a goal he kicked in Melbourne's 1964 Grand Final win over Collingwood that he is most remembered for.
With Melbourne trailing and just minutes remaining in the game, Crompton had followed his Collingwood opponent up the ground and managed to pick up a loose ball in front of goal.
He kicked the ball low towards goal and it floated through for his only goal of the season and gave Melbourne the lead.
It was the last goal of the match.
He also played cricket for Victoria during the early part of his career, appearing in 45 first-class matches for them between 1957 and 1962.
Crompton also played 18 games (37 goals) for Glenelg (SANFL) in 1961.
Nooroo is a locality in northern New South Wales, Australia, northwest of the town of Stroud.
Paul Adrian Campbell (born 11 February 1968) is a New Zealand former cricketer.
Campbell was born at Dunedin in 1968 and was educated at King's High School in the city.
His father, Keith Campbell played cricket for Otago and New Zealand.
He played in Otago's next match against Central Districts but then dropped out of the side.
He scored a total of 89 runs in his three first-class matches and took one wicket.
Farina is a village in Fayette and Marion counties, Illinois, United States.
The population was 540 at the 2020 census.
It is the only community with the name "Farina" in the United States.
History.
Farina was founded in 1867.
The community was named after farina (food), from its location in the wheat-growing district.
Geography.
Farina's limits extend southwest along Illinois Route 37 into Marion County.
Interstate 57 passes through the northwest corner of the village at Exit 135, leading northeast to Effingham and southwest to Salem.
Illinois Route 37 passes through the enter of Farina and runs parallel to I-57.
Illinois Route 185 leads northwest to Vandalia, the Fayette County seat.
The village is located at the headwaters of the East Fork of the Kaskaskia River, which drains the village to the southwest.
Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 558 people, 237 households, and 147 families residing in the village.
The population density was .
There were 267 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.96.
The median age was 43 years.
For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males.
Trox kyotensis is a species of hide beetle in the subfamily Troginae.
He trained in Minsk at Trudovye Rezervy.
The Schweizer SA 2-31 was a development of the Schweizer SA 1-30 into a two-seat aircraft.
Design and development.
Schweizer developed a line of gliders starting in World War II.
The 2-31 was not intended to be a motor glider, but rather a light aircraft utilizing some glider and sailplane technologies, common parts with other Schweizer designs and an affordable price as a result of using smaller powerplants.
It was developed from the SA 1-30 on the assumption that there would be more of a market for a two-seat aircraft.
The fuselage was based on that of the 1-30 with strengthened 1-26B wings.
Operational history.
Knifeworld is a British-based psychedelic rock band led by Kavus Torabi.
Originally a Torabi solo project, it became a full band in summer 2009.
Knifeworld has connections with various English musical projects both inside and outside the rock world, having shared members with Cardiacs, Chrome Hoof, North Sea Radio Orchestra and Sidi Bou Said (London-based oud player Khyam Allami also served as the band's original drummer).
History.
Born in Tehran before moving to England while still a baby, Torabi had previously played with a succession of bands.
Beginning his career in Die Laughing and Squid Squad in Plymouth, he moved to London and came to public attention as one of the two singing guitarists in The Monsoon Bassoon.
Playing what Torabi described as "lysergic funk" and various reviewers described as psychedelia and math rock, The Monsoon Bassoon scored three Singles of the Week in a row in "New Musical Express" in 1997 and 1998 and released a single album, "I Dig Your Voodoo" before splitting up in 2001.
During this time Torabi had become a well-established member of the group of musicians focused around Cardiacs, whom he joined as guitarist in 2003, playing with them until the group's enforced halt in 2008.
Torabi had formulated the ideas for Knifeworld as a solo project at around the time of the breakup of the Monsoon Bassoon, but took eight years to assemble, finalise and record the songs.
For the band's first recordings, he played the bulk of the instruments himself (guitars, bass guitar, keyboards, santoor, melodica, violins and "devices") as well as singing the majority of the lead vocals and writing, producing and arranging all of the material.
Former Sidi Bou Said drummer Melanie Woods sang the rest of the lead vocals and also sang backing vocals.
The recording sessions featured further contributions from a broad swathe of musical collaborators drawn from Torabi's contacts on the London art-rock scene.
Drums were played by Khyam Allami (ex-Ursa and Art of Burning Water).
Max Tundra) played keyboards and trumpet.
Torabi's former Monsoon Bassoon bandmate Sarah Measures contributed saxophone, clarinet and flute, and further vocals were provided by Shona Davidson and former Ring singer Johnny Karma.
It was preceded by the download single "Pissed Up On Brake Fluid" on 13 July 2009.
In summer 2009 Torabi set up a live Knifeworld band, led by himself as singer and guitarist, with Woods remaining as second vocalist and Allami as drummer.
The live band made their debut at 93 Feet East, Spitalfields, London on 18 August 2009.
Soon afterwards, Torabi would formally establish this live lineup as the full Knifeworld lineup, transforming it from a solo project to a full band.
In winter 2010, Knifeworld began to make new recordings.
In July 2011, Knifeworld released the 'Dear Lord, No Deal' EP, another full band recording.
During the winter of 2011, Knifeworld changed its lineup again when both Allami and Fortnam departed amicably to concentrate on their own projects.
Torabi recruited former Veils drummer Ben Woollacott, and Charlie Cawood (a multi-instrumentalist who also plays or has played with Tonochrome, Spiritwo and a host of bands in various disciplines) joined as the new bass guitarist.
The new lineup recorded the 'Clairvoyant Fortnight' EP, released in the summer of 2012 (and accompanied by a striking video shot by Thumpermonkey's Michael Woodman, set in an Edwardian seance and featuring a guest appearance by snooker star (and progressive rock advocate) Steve Davis.
This period also saw an expansion of the band's lineup, the addition of saxophonists Josh Perl and Nicki Maher making Knifeworld an octet.
In the early autumn of 2012, Knifeworld teamed up with two other bands with similar aims (London's The Fierce and the Dead, and Salford's Trojan Horse) for a series of British gigs called the Stabbing a Dead Horse Tour.
The band would play further assorted gigs in the UK during 2013, and in September 2013 released their first new material for over a year - the download-only single "Don't Land On Me", which featured a guest appearance by former Do Me Bad Things singer Chantal Brown and a performance video filmed by The Chaos Engineers.
Having signed to Inside Out Music in early 2014, Knifeworld released their second album, 'The Unravelling', in July of that year.
A video for 'Destroy The World We Love' preceded the record's release, also made with The Chaos Engineers.
Around this time, Nicki Maher stepped down from the band, and was replaced by Oliver Sellwood (the saxophonist for A Sweet Niche and Workers Union Ensemble).
That autumn, Knifeworld made its first proper trip to Europe as main tour support to Amplifier.
In 2016, Knifeworld released their third album "Bottled Out Of Eden".
Cricopharyngeal spasms occur in the cricopharyngeus muscle of the pharynx.
Cricopharyngeal spasm is an uncomfortable but harmless and temporary disorder.
Physiology.
There are two sphincters in the oesophagus.
They are normally contracted and they relax when one swallows so that food can pass through them going to the stomach.
They then squeeze closed again to prevent regurgitation of the stomach contents and prevent air from entering the digestive system.
If this normal contraction becomes a spasm, these symptoms begin.
Causes.
Causes include stress and anxiety.
Other causes are not yet clear.
The condition persists in the autonomic nervous system even when the original stress is relieved.
An assumption in psychiatry is that a lack of serotonin can be associated with depression and anxiety.
A further assumption is that a low levels of serotonin can causes spasms in the cervical area.
A plausible explanation for the cricopharyngeal spasms is a lack of neurotransmitter preventing the central nervous system from detecting that the eosophagus is closed, so that the upper esophagus sphincter becomes, randomly, hypertonic.
The condition can appear as a symptom of the generalized anxiety disorder.
Early signs are other symptoms like difficulty or inability to eat (loss of appetite, satiety after swallowing minor quantities), headache, dry mouth at night, sleeping issues, tremor, tension in the neck, in the throat, abdominal, stomach or chest pain etc.
The sequence can result from a recent stress, panic attack or worry.
The subject heads to cricopharyngeal spasms when, for instance, eating pasty food requiring more throat cleanings, like peanuts, pumpkin seeds and other nuts, becomes painful.
Continuous swallowing appears with the spasms as the brain interprets the feeling as something stuck.
The vagus nerves seems to play a role in the mother condition through a neurovegetative hyperactivity or dysautonomia.
It innerves the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle where the cricopharyngeal spasms occur.
Throat spasms can also appear after an accident, a disease, may be caused or worsened by GERD.
There may be hereditary factors.
In the context of long covid psychiatrists envisioned a potential relationship with an immune reaction, involving cytokines, that would persist quietly.
However, due the anxiogenic situation, stress was again present when the symptoms started.
Diagnosis.
These spasms are frequently misunderstood by the patient to be cancer due to the 'lump in the throat' feeling (Globus pharyngis) that is symptomatic of this syndrome.
All the anatomic examinations can appear normal despite the condition.
The throat endoscopy can objectify that nothing is stuck, that there is no lesion or inflammation.
The barium swallow can miss that the sphincter is hypertonic if it does not happen during the examination, or if the sphincter still relaxes enough for the food bolus to go through.
The esophageal manometry cannot detect any abnormal wave.
The cricopharyngeal spasms ("feeling that something is stuck") occur in the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, at the bottom of the throat.
They cause muscle tension on the cricoid cartilage, leading to a globus feeling.
Pharyngeal spasms, a more common source of a globus feeling, cause tension on the thyroid cartilage.
They move up and down, left and right in the pharyngeal muscles.
Both may be present.
The patient complains about the signs and symptoms enumerated above.
The pain causes dry deglutition and dry deglutition adds to the pain, triggering a vicious circle.
The spams start after dry deglutition, after the meals or randomly during the day.
They can start (and stop) brutally.
Or softly, by the feeling that a small pill is stuck, frictions around it, then the impression that a ball is stuck.
When the spasms last long they can give the impression of a knife stabbed in the throat.
The cricopharyngeal spasms can be, for instance, formally diagnosed as part of the more general condition.
For instance, did the patient recently encounter other symptoms of the generalized anxiety disorder?
Does the patient have neurovegetative symptoms?
Are there symptoms of dysautonomia?
Is there evidence of a lack of serotonin, like no sleep (melatonin is generated from serotonin)?
Is there any other psychiatric condition?
Cricopharyngeal spasms remain a rare symptom.
Difficulties for the patient to describe an unusual symptom and for the practitioners to figure out the condition can entail a prompt diagnosis.
Treatment.
The condition is known to be temporary.
In some individuals it can disappear by itself without medication.
For others, it can stagnate or worsen until appropriate medical care is given.
Since the problem can last, medical specialists are not readily available and potential treatments act slowly, patience is required.
During that time, finding distractions and support is a first help.
The Sonora Pilots are a professional independent baseball team based in Yuma, Arizona and represent Sonora, Mexico.
They play in the International Division of the developmental Arizona Winter League, a short-season instructional winter league sanctioned by the North American League and they play their home games at Desert Sun Stadium in Yuma, along with the Canada Miners, San Diego Surf Dawgs and Yuma Scorpions.
They are not affiliated with Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball.
Team history.
The team started as the Snow Falcons and they used the logo and uniforms of the inactive Surprise Fightin' Falcons team of the now-defunct Golden Baseball League.
They were initially managed by Benny Castillo during their original 2-year AWL run.
The team did not return after two seasons in November 2008 and were replaced by Team Canada.
On July 10, 2009, they were announced as set to play in 2010 in the Arizona Winter League, again playing at Desert Sun Stadium.
However, an October 23, 2009, update does not have them coming back to the AWL after all.
They could be invited to play in another league in the future.
On January 5, 2011, they were announced to be returning to play in the International Division for the 2011 season.
Civitella del Lago is a village in the Italian region of Umbria, administratively a "frazione" of the commune of Baschi.
It is located just above lake Corbara, an artificial lake on the course of the river Tiber.
The inhabitants during the winter are about 300 growing in summer to more than 700.
There are sights of the Tiber valley and the province of Viterbo, and on clear days it is possible to see as far as the hills above the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Many foreigners, above all from Britain, USA and the Netherlands found their "buen retiros" in the surroundings of this village, which is easily reachable by motorway from Rome and Florence as it is just halfway from them.
Window Water Baby Moving is an experimental short film by Stan Brakhage, filmed in November 1958 and released in 1959.
The film documents the birth of the director's first child, Myrrena, by his then-wife Jane Brakhage, now Jane Wodening.
Production.
The hospital initially gave permission for filming, but this was later reneged.
Instead, Brakhage transferred the birth to their home, hiring a nurse and some expensive emergency equipment.
Jane was originally "very, very shy" about being filmed, but eventually relented after Brakhage made "a big dramatic scene and said 'All right, let's forget it!'"
Most of the film was photographed by Brakhage himself, but Jane occasionally took the camera to capture her husband's reactions.
I continue roaring and panting.
Stan stops filming he's so upset.
He gets nervous.
He tells me to relax and pant.
I tell him how much I love him and ask him if he's got my face while I'm roaring and this sets him off again and reassures him, and he clickety-clackety-buzzes while I roar and pant.
Editing of "Window Water Baby Moving" took place in the evenings over several months.
According to Brakhage, a further delay was caused when Kodak seized the film.
So then the doctor wrote a letter, and we got the footage back."
Brakhage later felt that "Window Water Baby Moving" had insufficiently captured his emotions at the birth of his child, and, during the birth of his third child, he filmed "Thigh Line Lyre Triangular" (1961) as an improvement.
Reception.
"Window Water Baby Moving" was often screened on a double-bill with George C. Stoney's 1953 educational film, "All My Babies."
Brakhage was worried that his film's frank depiction of childbirth would embroil him in legal trouble, remarking "you could definitely go to jail for showing not only sexuality but nudity of any kind - though the idea of childbirth being somehow pornographic has always been offensive and disgusting to me."
Nevertheless, "Window Water Baby Moving" has become one of Brakhage's best-known works.
Critic Archer Winsten described the film as being "so forthright, so full of primitive wonder and love, so far beyond civilization in its acceptance that it becomes an experience like few in the history of movies."
Scott MacDonald credited "Window Water Baby Moving" with making delivery rooms more accessible to fathers, a view with which Brakhage concurred.
Preservation.
Uptown is a section of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania located North of the Midtown and Downtown neighborhoods.
Description.
Bordered by the Susquehanna River to the West, Maclay Street to the South, North 7th Street to the East and Susquehanna Township to the North, the neighborhood is home to many ornate mansions along Front Street and Italian Lake, as well as moderately sized homes exemplifying character of early 20th-century architecture.
After being devastated in 1972 by the flooding of Hurricane Agnes, the neighborhood slipped into a moderate decline.
Robert Bohdan Klymasz (born May 14, 1936, Toronto, Canada) is a Ukrainian-Canadian folklorist.
He was a pioneer in the field and published widely in the English language.
During the 1950s, at the suggestion of Jaroslav Rudnyckyj, Klymasz undertook a research trip to Czechoslovakia and the USSR, specifically western Ukraine, to expand his knowledge of Slavonic studies and do first-hand work in the field.
This was a relatively rare event for a Ukrainian Canadian scholar during the Cold War.
During the early 1960s, Klymasz traversed the Canadian prairies recording the folksongs and gathering other materials concerning the early pioneer Ukrainian immigration to Canada.
These elderly immigrants and their descendants provided him with a wealth of material with which he was able to construct a portrait of Ukrainian-Canadian folk culture, especially rural culture, as it then existed.
Most of these materials are today preserved in archives in Edmonton, Alberta, and Winnipeg, Manitoba and remain valuable resources for contemporary folklorists.
Klymasz's major published works consist of studies in Slavic-Canadian onomastics, and Ukrainian-Canadian folklore, including the groundbreaking "Introduction to the Ukrainian-Canadian Immigrant Folksong Cycle" (1970), "The Ukrainian Winter Folksong Cycle in Canada" (1970), and the comprehensive "Ukrainian Folklore in Canada" (1980).
Hyposmocoma vinicolor is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae.
It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907.
It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu.
Tarrys is an unincorporated community spanning both shores of the Kootenay River in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia.
The location, on BC Highway 3A, is by road about northeast of Castlegar, and southwest of Nelson.
By 1901, their orchard comprised 500 fruit trees, half apple and the rest cherry, plum, pear, and peach.
James was a justice of the peace (JP) and president of the West Kootenay Farmers' Institute.
Possibly on the stepping down of his father, Frank Tarry became a JP in 1914.
On his death in 1917, James was the owner of the largest cleared ranch in the Kootenay Valley.
Railway.
In 1906, Tarry Siding, also called Tarrys' Siding, Tarry's, and Tarry, opened on the Columbia and Kootenay Railway.
The Canadian Pacific Railway flag stop was northeast of Thrums, and southwest of Glade.
Passenger service ended in the late 1950s.
Doukhobors.
Rebuilding was immediate to complete the Canadian Pacific Railway tie contract.
Glade Ferry.
From the 1910s, the Doukhobors operated the original ferry to serve their settlements on the south shore of the river stretching as far south as Tarrys.
Being no schedule, users would yell for the reaction ferry if on the opposite bank.
When the Brilliant Dam opened in 1944, the service ceased because of the reduced current.
Subsequently, crossings depended upon a community-owned rowboat, and later a privately owned barge and tug.
In 1955, the province installed a three-vehicle cable ferry, and moved the landing downstream to the population centre.
The vehicle capacity increased to five, and then eight in 1980.
Glade Ferry Rd. parallels the highway southwest for from the Glade junction.
Geographically, the ferry is northeast of Tarrys Rd. and northeast of Tarrys fire hall.
Present community.
Tarrys Fire Department, staffed by volunteers, owns a small fleet of fire trucks.
Directly opposite is Kalesnikoff Lumber, the largest industry.
Annasley Park (born 24 April 1996) is an English former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2016 and 2018 for Team Breeze and .
She rode in the women's road race at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships, finishing in 82nd place.
Goa Vidyaprasarak Mandal, founded in 1911, is one of the prominent educational institutions in Goa, a small state on the west coast of India.
It operates two senior colleges, including a college of education, one higher secondary school, five high schools and one kindergarten and primary school.
History.
Dr. Dada Vaidya, Sitaram Kerkar and Vinayak Sarjyotishi founded Goa Vidyaprasarak Mandal and its first institution, A.J. de Almeida High School, in the Ponda taluk of central Goa.
During the campaign against Portuguese colonial rule, the Goa Vidyaprasarak Mandal and A.J. de Almeida High School were centres of nationalist activities and thus have a long list of freedom fighters as their alumni.
The founders thought of imparting education for white-collared jobs and for upgrading the standards of the common man through vocational training.
After Portuguese rule ended in 1961, four more high schools were founded in Bandora, Savoi Verem, Borim and Khandepar between 1962 and 1965.
All of these are villages in the Ponda region of Goa.
In 1985, Goa University came into existence.
During its "amrit mahotsav" (platinum jubilee) year, Goa Vidyaprasarak Mandal planned to start a senior college in Ponda, which became a reality on June 12, 1986 with the cooperation of Goa University, Goa Government authorities, well-wishers, teachers, members and students.
He was a professor in electrical engineering, a lecturer, a visiting professor and adjunct professor at institutions including at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the National Institutes of Health.
Eden was a pioneer in the field of biomedical engineering and imaging.
He was director of the trans-NIH Biomedical Engineering and NIH's Physical Science Program.
The National Institutes of Health stated that "Dr. Murray Eden elevated the NIH Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Program."
Eden was born in Brooklyn on August 17, 1920, to Russian-Jewish immigrants.
His father was president of the Hebrew Teachers Union, and later, Executive Secretary of the Jewish Education Committee in New York City.
Due to the depression, as well as pre-World War II anti-Semitism, the family experienced economic difficulties during his childhood years.
In 1940 he moved to Washington, D.C., as a chemistry major and in 1951 received his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Maryland.
Career.
During World War II, , as civil service, alongside then student Dick Feynman and others, he worked in the Princeton facility of the Manhattan Project assisting in producing uranium-235.
Between 1949 and 1953, Murray worked at National Cancer Institute.
Between 1959 and 1979, while working in electrical engineering, he has split his "groundbreaking body of work" between MIT, Harvard Medical School, the NIH and the World Health Organization.
Murray was one four editors of Information and Control from 1961 until 1966 and sole editor-in-chief of the journal from 1967 until 1981.
Murray headed the NIH's Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation Program (BEIP) since 1979 and retired from BEIP in 1994.
Since Eden's retirement, under merged leadership, the BEIP program has been facing significant challenges.
Eden contributed to the World Health Organization, and was a consultant on research and development for its director-general.
Murray Eden was also consultant on the team that created the Universal Product Code barcode.
He chose the font, and he came up with the idea to add numbers to the bottom, which is a failsafe system, in case the code reader is down.
Views.
Eden was an activist since early on, including being involved in peace activism.
On Darwinism he regarded "evolution" as "highly implausible."
Awards.
Eden received NIH's Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation Program (BEIP) "Directors award" in 1993.
In 1983, he was awarded the WHO Medical Society medal, for his work as consultant on research and development for its director-general.
Personal.
In 1945 he married Sara Baker.
Sara was a consultant and a political and community activist.
She died on September 15, 1995, at the age of 73.
The Roadrunners, led by second year head coach Rod Barnes, played their home games at the Icardo Center, with four home games at Rabobank Arena, and played as an independent.
This was the Roadrunners last year as an independent as they will join the Western Athletic Conference in July 2013.
Album of the Year is an Aotearoa Music Award that honours New Zealand music artists for outstanding album.
The award was first awarded in 1973 as part of the Recording Arts Talent Awards (RATA).
He was born near Kamianets-Podilskyi in the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire (modern-day Ukraine), and emigrated with his family to the United Kingdom in 1939.
He died in Keswick, Cumbria in 1946.
He is interred in St. John's Church Cemetery, Keswick.
Career.
At the end of World War I, and the breakup of the Austrian Hungarian Empire with the resulting political and financial chaos, Zuckermann and his company participated within a business combination of other wood, timber, and plywood companies under the organization umbrella of Foresta AG that was managed through the Banca Commerciale Italiano, now the Banca Intesa.
This participation was primarily active in the early to middle 1920s.
Zuckermann spent his career in all segments of the wood industry, including the great forests of Bialowieza (portions of which are in Poland), and in his early work the Austrio-Hungarian Empire.
He created a vertically integrated wood products company with headquarters in Vienna during the early 20th century.
This company was instrumental in introducing, on a major scale, the use of narrow gauge rails with steam engines for the transportation of harvested logs to saw mills, a major improvement in this industry.
Although there were some others who had experimented with this technique, Zuckermann and the AMH company maximized its use.
Family.
After spending the formative years of his life in Russia and in the Eastern parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he took up permanent residence in Vienna in 1913.
Karl, prior to World War II established a plywood company in the Merseyside area of Liverpool that specialized in plywood panels for doors.
With the start of World War II, this company's production was utilized by the British government for such things as "aeroplane wings and submarines."
Isidor Zuckermann had a sister, Rose, and an older brother, Joshua.
Rose emigrated to the United States in 1886, at first settling in Baltimore, Maryland where she married Solomon Joseph Goldstein who had arrived in 1880.
Video High Density (VHD) is an analog video format which was marketed predominantly in Japan by JVC.
History.
By this time, both LaserDisc and CED were already suffering from the onslaught of VHS and Betamax VCRs.
Despite demonstrating the player at several Consumer Electronics Shows, JVC opted not to release VHD as a consumer product in North America.
In the UK Thorn EMI, which was the leading consumer provider of the VHS tape system, saw VHD as the next step in the market and committed to the system.
VHD remained on the market in the UK primarily as an educational and training tool, usually linked to a computer, but attracted few customers.
It found its main niche as a karaoke system, and was also used in anime video games and interactive training systems.
Commercial versions were available in the UK (and probably the US) for training, demonstration and fault diagnosis.
VHD became obsolete after 1987.
Discs continued to be manufactured up until the early 1990s.
The last new release on the format was in late 1990.
Technology.
VHD discs are in diameter, and store up to 60 minutes of video per side.
The entire caddy is inserted into the player, and then withdrawn, leaving the disc inside where it will be loaded and start playing.
At the end of the side the disc must be removed, turned over and re-inserted.
Like the RCA system, the signal is recorded on the discs as variations in capacitance, a conductive coating on the disc itself forming part of a resonant circuit.
This means less wear, though there is still physical contact (unlike LaserDisc) so some wear would still occur.
The VHD system had advantages over both CED and LaserDisk.
In active (CAV) mode (not available in CED) it had a greater capacity than LaserDisk.
It also had the ability to carry 99 randomly accessible 'chapters' (more than LaserDisk) and had the same autostop capability.
These two functions had to be programmed into the master tape from which the videodisc was made, along with the two-frame freeze frame function.
This made videotape master editing a highly specialist operation requiring precise insertion of vertical interval codes into the video signal, and field accurate editing (most videotape editing required only frame accuracy).
VHD was always intended as a highly interactive format, and many non-linear 'trick-play' features were supported, directly by the players or via an optional VHDpc computer interface for the MSX and Sharp X1 computers.
Uses.
Applications included interactive adventure games, and car engine diagnostic tools.
Constructing an interactive disc required a lot of planning as well as the specialist video master editing.
The costs entailed in discovering these complexities and solving the problems, as well as recognising that the video post-production technology of the time was being pushed to its limits probably contributed to the decision to withdraw the system.
Teddy Osei (born December 1937) is a musician and saxophone player from Ghana.
Osei is best known as the leader of the Afro-pop band Osibisa, founded in 1969.
Born in Kumasi, Osei was introduced to musical instruments while still a child.
He began to play the saxophone while attempting to create a band with his college friends in the coastal city of Sekondi.
After graduating from college, he worked as a building inspector for a year before creating a band called "The Comets."
The Comets enjoyed brief popularity before Osei traveled to London in 1962.
He received a grant from the Ghanaian government to study at a private music and drama school for three years, before being forced to leave by a regime change in Ghana.
In 1969, he founded Osibisa along with several other musicians.
The band remained popular through the 1970s, before experiencing a decline, although it continues to perform today.
Personal life.
Osei was born in Kumasi, the capital of the Ashanti region of Ghana.
At birth, he was christened "Francis" by his parents, who were Roman Catholics.
He was the second of seven children in the family.
In keeping with his family's tradition, each child was given a different last name.
Teddy Osei was named after the Ashanti king Osei Tutu.
Osei's father was an amateur musician who played the horn in the local church band, thus exposing Osei to music while he was still young.
He was introduced to traditional musical instruments by his school teacher, and played the bass drum in the school band.
He also frequented the Ashanti palace, where he occasionally learned folk songs from visiting musicians.
After completing pre-school, Osei was enrolled at a Catholic mission school, where he experienced harsh discipline.
He later stated that he had been more afraid of the teachers there than any others in his life.
He became a popular athlete at the school, as well as an altar boy.
Following his graduation, Osei worked as an office boy for a year, before moving to Sekondi to study draftsmanship at a college.
Sekondi was an important commercial and cultural hub, and he encountered a number of modern musicians and genres there.
During this time he was influenced by Kwame Nkrumah, and supported his political party and its campaign against British colonialism.
After completing his degree, Osei returned to Kumasi and worked as a building inspector for a brief while, before choosing to become a professional musician.
Teddy has two daughters Matilda and Shanta Osei.
Early musical career.
While at college, he attempted to put together a band along with some of his friends.
According to Osei, he only began to play the saxophone because the person who had volunteered for that instrument did not attend the practices.
He continued to teach himself the saxophone, listening to records of jazz musicians and playing along with the music.
After beginning work as an inspector, he created a semi-professional band along with his brother and some friends.
The band was known as the "Comets," and became successful in Ghana, recording with Philips West Africa and playing for a radio show.
Their music was inspired by "Highlife," a genre derived from a fusion of European and African influences.
In 1962 Osei travelled to London, leaving the Comets behind.
Having spent his money on travel, he lived with some friends in London, and worked as a dish-washer for a year.
He then applied for and received a grant from the Ghanaian government, which allowed him to attend a private music and drama school for three years.
However, his grant was terminated after Nkrumah was deposed in 1966.
Osei teamed up with several other students who had also lost their positions and began to play soul music at various venues across Europe.
The group acquired a following in Switzerland, and named themselves "Cat's Paw".
At this stage its members included Sol Amarfio and Osei's brother MacTontoh, both future members of Osibisa.
However, the group eventually returned to the UK, looking for a more permanent financial situation.
Osibisa.
In 1969, Osei, Amarfio, and MacTontoh came together with other musicians that they had been previously acquainted with to form Osibisa.
The new band derived its name from "osibisaaba", the name given to the style of music that was a fusion of "palm-wine" music and traditional Fante fisherman's traditional music.
In its early stages Osibisa had neither an agent nor a manager.
The band played at psychedelic venues around London while it tried to find financial support.
During this period Osei played flute and African drums as well as saxophone.
The band became an instant success, producing several songs that reached the British top-ten.
They were even more popular when playing live.
During the late 1970s they played on several international tours to India, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and several African countries.
In 1980 the band played at a concert celebrating the independence of Zimbabwe.
However, by the early 1980s, it had begun to lose popularity, and also had differences with its recording agents.
Several members left the band, although Osei continued to perform.
Creigiau Gleision North Top is a mountain in Snowdonia, Wales, near Capel Curig.
It is a significant top on the Creigiau Gleision ridge, topping the north end of its crest.
Vellara script or Vellara alphabet is one of the original Albanian alphabets, encountered for the first time in the early 19th century.
It is named after the Greek doctor, lyricist and writer Ioannis Vilaras (Jan Vellarai in Albanian), the author of a manuscript where this alphabet is documented for the first and so far the only time.
Ioannis Vilaras.
Vilaras studied medicine in Padua in 1789 and later lived in Venice.
Vilaras spent time in southern Albania.
The manuscript.
Pages 137-226 contain the material in Albanian.
Pages 137-138 contain a list of proverbs in modern Greek and Albanian.
Pages 138-187, in two columns per page format, contain the collection of grammatical notes both in Greek and Albanian.
These bilingual grammatical notes, dated 1801, were designed no doubt to teach other Greek-speakers Albanian.
On page 187, there is a list of names of living things.
Page 191 starts the Greek-Albanian phraseologies.
On page 217, there is a mini-dictionary with trees names, human body parts, and vegetable names.
The alphabet shows in page 219.
The alphabet.
The alphabet comprises 30 letters.
It leans towards the Latin script, and less the Greek one, with some special characters for Albanian's particular sounds.
Albanian alphabet's "c" and "x" are covered by a single letter ("x" is never found in Vellara's writings).
There are no letters for today's digraphs "ll", "rr", "zh", and "y".
Instead, "y" is substituted with "u" or "i".
Today's "nj" is represented by a Cyrillic letter.
History.
Vilara's letter signed by him as (October 30, 1801, Vokopolja, your friend Doctor Vellara), shows that the alphabet was known and used by other people at that time.
Negra Muerta is a caldera in Argentina.
It is part of the volcanic centres of the Andean Volcanic Belt, which has formed a number of calderas in large ignimbrite producing eruptions.
These calderas include Aguas Calientes, Cerro Panizos, Galan, Negra Muerta and La Pacana.
Some of these volcanic centres appear to be associated with large fault zones that cross the Puna.
Negra Muerta is a caldera with dimensions of that was formed over two volcanic periods, one about 9 million years ago and another over 7 million years ago.
Each volcanic period included the formation of ignimbrites, the Acay ignimbrite in the first and the Toba 1 ignimbrite in the second.
After the Toba 1 ignimbrite, effusive activity forming lava flows occurred.
After the cessation of volcanic activity, glacial and fluvial erosion has exposed subvolcanic structures.
Geomorphology.
General geography and geology.
Negra Muerta lies on the eastern margin of the Puna and is associated with the major Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault, which was active starting from the Paleozoic.
Dilatation along this fault influenced the volcanic processes at Negra Muerta and other volcanoes, by opening up paths for magma ascent.
This fault and several others are associated with belts of volcanoes that extend across the Puna.
Crustal shortening and folding also contributed to the morphogenesis of the region.
Nevado de Acay lies northeast just outside the caldera margin, and the town of San Antonio de los Cobres only about northwest.
The cities of Salta and Jujuy lie about east of Negra Muerta.
The region has an arid climate, thus geological features are often buried beneath uneroded rocks and difficult to access.
The south Central Andes in the past were the site of large scale dacitic ignimbrite-forming eruptions and the formation of calderas, linked to the interaction between a subducting slab and the overlying crust.
These include Aguas Calientes, Cerro Panizos, Galan and La Pacana.
The area was also affected by stratovolcanoes and other styles of eruptive activity.
These were often more diverse in chemical composition than the ignimbrite forming eruptions, a property attributed to various magma processes and the interaction between the mantle and the crust.
Local geography and geology.
The Negra Muerta caldera is the easternmost caldera in the Puna where it meets the Eastern Cordillera, and has dimensions of .
The caldera floor fragmented before the collapse and sagged around a hinge in the southern sector of the caldera.
The floor of the caldera lies at elevations of , descending from north to south.
The Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault passes north of the caldera, the Saladillo fault southwest of the caldera, and Abra de Acay lies on the northwestern caldera margin.
The caldera contains three lava domes aligned north to south with lengths ranging from to , dykes and other subvolcanic structures.
These structures have been exposed by erosion in the caldera.
A wide structure close to the caldera centre appears to be a pipe-like structure, which appears to be the main vent.
Some faults are also observed within the caldera, which have offset the ground over distances of about .
Some of these dykes appear to be the source of lava flows and their remnants which lie on top of the Toba 1 ignimbrite.
There are at least three such lava flows which cover a surface of outside of the caldera.
Their composition ranges from andesite to rhyodacite, with the andesite being erupted later.
The volcanic rocks of Negra Muerta are rich in potassium and belong to the calc-alkaline series.
The basement of the volcano is formed by the sedimentary Salta Group of Cretaceous-Tertiary age and the below lying Cambrian Puncoviscana Formation.
These sediments formed within rifting basins and contain both volcanic and carbonate rocks.
The Negra Muerta caldera may host a porphyry copper deposit, which is however not mined.
Eruptive history.
Two distinct volcanic phases are recorded at Negra Muerta, the first 9 million years ago and the second 7.6-7.3 million years ago.
Each phase was associated with a pulse in caldera formation.
Non-volcanic processes later in the caldera history include the deposition of alluvium and glacial till.
The Acay ignimbrite was erupted 9 million years ago and covers a surface area of outside of the caldera, but some material is also found within the caldera.
It is formed by a rhyolite glass matrix containing phenocrysts made of amphibole, biotite, magnetite, plagioclase and quartz.
The ignimbrite is rich in crystals and fiammes.
This ignimbrite originated in a magma chamber deep, where the ignimbrite formed in a closed system by fractional crystallization.
It covers a surface area of .
The magma chamber for this eruption laid at a depth of .
Compositionally, the lava flows and the ignimbrite originated from slightly different magmas.
It is likely that the injection of new mafic magma into the previous magma chamber triggered this eruption.
It consists of five species found at various sites in Australia.
Military career.
Hobson was commissioned as an ensign in the 3rd Regiment of Foot on 30 October 1857.
He fought at the Battle of Taku Forts in August 1860 during the Second Opium War and went on to become commanding officer of the Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) in 1886.
Wells was born in Jefferson County, New York, and was the only son of Otis Wells, a descendant of Hugh Welles, an early colonist of Wethersfield, Connecticut.
Otis Wells was a farmer and died when Erastus was only fourteen.
Erastus was the grandson of Ethelinda Otis and a relation of John Otis, who helped found the town of Hingham, Massachusetts in 1635.
Other notable relatives include James Otis, a successful lawyer, Harrison Gray Otis, a statesman and orator, Samuel A. Otis, one of the framers of the constitution of Massachusetts, and George Otis, a clergyman and author.
Wells married Isabella Bowman Henry, daughter of Captain John Henry of Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1850.
Isabella and Erastus Wells were the parents of three children, including former St. Louis Mayor Rolla Wells.
Wells' first wife died in 1877 and he was later remarried to Eleanor P. Bell of St. Louis in 1879.
Professional career.
Wells lived on a farm and attended district schools from ages 12 to 16.
At 16, Wells left the farm and moved to Watertown, New York, later moving on to Lockport, New York.
He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in September, 1843.
After being inspired by the omnibuses he observed in New York, he established the first omnibus line in St. Louis with the help of Calvin Case, a prominent resident of St. Louis.
The omnibus was the first of its kind west of the Mississippi.
In 1850, Wells and Case partnered with Robert O'Blennus and Lawrence Matthews on the bus lines.
One of the most profitable lines for the business was a coach to Belleville, Illinois.
Erastus Wells was a passenger on the Pacific Railroad excursion train that crashed through the temporary bridge over the Gasconade River on November 1, 1855, the Gasconade Bridge train disaster.
He was uninjured but his partner, Calvin Case, was killed in the accident.
After the success of the bus lines, Wells helped in organizing another transportation venture, the Missouri Railway Company, and served as its president until 1881.
The first Missouri Railway Company car operated on July 4, 1859.
Evidence of Wells' changing profession can be seen in the St. Louis City Directories, in which he is listed as omnibus proprietor in 1859 and as pres.
Mo.
R.R.
Co. in 1864.
Wells eventually sold his interest in the Railway Company, but moved on to many other prominent positions.
He was president of the Narrow-Gauge Railway, director in the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, president of the Accommodation Bank, director and vice-president of the Commercial Bank, and president of the Laclede Gas-Light Company.
Wells also had a part in the erection of the Southern Hotel.
West End Narrow Gauge Railroad.
The West End Narrow Gauge Railroad began as an idea with Erastus Wells and James C. Page.
They lived in Wellston in an era when accommodation trains gave those in the suburbs easy access to the city.
They sought better service in Wellston.
In 1875, Wells spoke at a group who planned a narrow gauge railroad to compete with the Missouri Pacific Railroad serving Kirkwood and Webster Groves.
Narrow gauge required only 25 ft of right of way.
The line could be completed in 6 months.
Locomotives would be more.
Wells and Page proposed construction of the West End Narrow Gauge line in 1871, and again in 1872.
The original plan would run via Wellston from Grand Ave. 140 ft north of Olive to Florissant.
A route to Creve Coeur Lake was surveyed as an alternate.
In 1873, 100 men were grading the route.
Construction was delayed by the Panic of 1873.
It was January 9, 1875 before final construction began.
The first train ran on June 11, 1875 from Grand Ave. to Kienlan Avenue in Wellston, a distance of five miles.
The line was formally opened on June 17.
An excursion train brought guests in two passenger cars and a flat car to Wellston where they were met by Wells who escorted guests to his nearby residence.
The road was equipped with two locomotives, two passenger cars, and 10 freight cars.
Trains were to run every half hour.
The line was sold under foreclosure on March 18, 1879, to the Missouri Horse Railroad Co. Erastus Wells was President and his son, Rolla Wells was Superintendent.
An additional station was reportedly located at Union Ave.
The roundhouse and machine shop was in St. Ferdinand.
Sale of the railroad by Erastus Wells to an unnamed buyer was first reported in 1882.
They planned to build a cable line to downtown St. Louis.
In 1887, the narrow gauge railroad was considered as a possible route to Forest Park.
The city objected to the smoke of the railroad.
They favored conversion of the line to cable with a branch to Forest Park down Taylor Ave.
In return they required the railroad to stop using steam within the city limits.
The width of the narrow gauge right of way did not allow two directional cable and was considered impractical.
A route down Boyle to Maryland and then to Kingshighway was approved.
Service began June 1, 1889.
It was known as the Suburban line.
The streetcar lines of St. Louis were consolidated under United Railways.
In 1905 they were acquired by North American Co., who also owned Laclede Gas Light and Union Electric.
In 1906, Suburban was the only car line in St. Louis not operated by United Railways.
United Railways acquired Suburban in December, 1909.
The streetcar line to Wellston was renamed the Hodiamont line.
Political career.
Erastus Wells's political career began in 1848, with an election to the city council.
He retained his seat there for fourteen years until he resigned to take his seat in Congress in 1869.
As a member of the city council, Wells was elected chairman of a special committee on water-works to initiate the building of a new water-works in St. Louis.
Other members of the committee included Thomas C. Chester and L.W.
Mitchell.
As chairman, Wells visited several cities, including Boston, New York, and Washington, to research other water-works systems.
After returning to St. Louis, the committee drafted a report of their findings, which spurred the legislature to pass an act authorizing the City of St. Louis to fund the construction of a new water-works, at a cost of three million dollars.
He also made note of police systems in the cities he visited, as he thought the police system in St. Louis to be inadequate.
Based on a metropolitan police bill passed by the Legislature of Maryland, Wells adapted it to fit the laws of Missouri and submitted the bill to the state Legislature during the 1860-1861 session.
The Governor, Claiborn Jackson, signed the bill, beginning a new era for the St. Louis metropolitan police system.
On March 4, 1869 Wells took his seat in the United States House of Representatives, where he would remain for eight years, during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant.
Although Wells was a Democrat and disagreed with Grant politically, the two were friends during Wells' term in Congress.
As a member of Congress, Wells secured four million dollars in funding towards the building of the St. Louis Post Office and Custom House.
He also worked to improve the Mississippi River, working with Captain James B. Eads on legislation regarding the promotion of the Eads Jetties.
Wells' interest in rail transportation continued into his service in Congress, with a speech he gave on February 24, 1875, supporting a bill that granted aid to the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad and the Texas and Pacific Railway.
Wells's speech asked Congress to support this bill, which would assist in the construction of a central rail line from the Mississippi River to the Pacific coast.
Wells also introduced one of many bills put forward between 1870 and 1873 to establish the Territory of Oklahoma.
Death and legacy.
Wells died on October 2, 1893, at Wellston, his country home, and was buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis on October 4, 1893.
He was 70 years old.
The city of Wellston, Missouri, was named after him.
Wells purchased 66 acres of land in St. Louis County in 1868 and built a three-story brick house on the property, which was the family's country home.
After his death the stadium of Akratitos was named Yiannis Pathiakakis Stadium in his honour.
Club career.
Pathiakakis started his football career in Apollon Athens, where he played from 1971 to 1977.
He then played for one year in PAOK and in 1978 he was transferred to Nea Smyrni, in Panionios.
In the three years he played in Panionios he was particularly productive.
He was a key contributor to the progress of the Nea Smyrni club to winning the Greek Cup in 1979.
He scored in both matches against Aris in the quarter-finals, as well as against Olympiacos in the semi-finals.
He left Panionios in 1980 his career playing for Apollon Athens, Ethnikos Piraeus and the Korinthos.
Managerial career.
Pathiakakis started as a coach at AO Melissia, where he was also a football player and then worked at A.E.
Messolongi, Pannafpliakos and Ethnikos Piraeus.
In 1994 he sat on the bench Apollon Athens and associated his name with the most successful period in the club's history.
Under his guidance, Apollon created a young team with excellent footballers who, with the help of some experienced players, play quality football.
Demis Nikolaidis, Theofilos Karasavvidis, Bledar Kola and the older ones Antonis Minou, Frank Klopas, Tasos Mitropoulos give personality to the team.
A short stint at Athinaikos followed and he then took charge of Akratitos, which he promoted from the fourth to the second division. and the following season, he led the club to the round of 16 of the UEFA Cup excluding Bayer Leverkusen.
He was sidelined for a year until February 2002 when he was re-hired by Akratitos.
But before he could really take over, he died during training of a heart attack.
Death.
Pathiakakis died of a heart attack five days after his return to Akratitos.
He cooled down at the Ano Liosion stadium during training on February 8, 2002 at the age of 49.
Four years earlier he had suffered another heart attack at the same stadium and had undergone a double bypass, but despite doctors' advice to avoid excitement, he chose to continue "living dangerously" as a coach.
At the same time, he did not stop smoking.
Everything happened so fast that no one had time to react.
He had won the first game and when the Lithuanian goalkeeper asked for a rematch, the coach suddenly fell down.
They rushed to him for first aid but the fatality soon occurred before the ambulance arrived.
At the hospital, he was pronounced dead from an acute myocardial infarction.
The management of Akratitos decided to name the stadium "Yiannis Pathiakakis Stadium" as a sign of memory to the coach who sealed the association with his death, which from the local categories of Athens and raised it to the second division.
The football club A.O.
The Diamond Point School is a historic one-room school house in Nowata County, Oklahoma, at the junction of county roads 409 and 245.
It was built in 1919 and was used through 1968.
It is built of red brick and has a bell tower in one corner.
It was restored in 1996 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
It is set within a school yard which includes the original playground equipment, including teeter-totters, a wooden merry-go-round, a slide, and a swingset.
The grounds also include boys and girls outhouses and a more modern building which includes a kitchen and lunchroom.
The school is open for tour by appointment, and is used for reunions, meetings and weddings.
It is also used by local schools for "A Day at Diamond Point", a program giving fourth grade students the experience of students in a one-room country schoolhouse during the 1950s.
Its altitude is about and it is about west-north-west of the Sydney central business district and north-west of Katoomba.
At the 2016 census, Medlow Bath had a population of 611 people.
Description and history.
Medlow Bath is set in a semi-rural area which includes fire-prone eucalypt forest, and has been subject to bushfire threats many times during its history.
The Hydro Majestic Hotel was developed by Sydney businessman, Mark Foy in the early years of the twentieth century and was the main economic activity in the area, until bushfires nearly destroyed the hotel in the summer of 2003.
There is an elaborate network of walking tracks, which were developed in the bushland between the hotel and the escarpment of the Megalong Valley.
The tracks offer scope for many fine bushwalks and views of the Megalong Valley, but in more recent years have deteriorated due to lack of maintenance.
Other tracks in the area include Bruce's Walk, an old track that was upgraded by bushwalkers and other volunteers in the 1980s.
Bruce's Walk is located a few kilometres east of Medlow Bath, on the fringes of the Blue Mountains National Park, a huge park that is now a World Heritage Site.
Australia's first Prime Minister, Edmund Barton, died at the Hydro Majestic Hotel in 1920.
Medlow Bath was originally known as Brown's Siding when it gave its name to a railway siding in 1880 because Brown's Sawmill was the main business in the area.
In 1883, the town was renamed Medlow because there was another Brown's Siding near Lithgow.
Heritage listings.
Transport.
Medlow Bath was connected to the Main Western railway line in 1880, when the station was called Brown's Siding.
Medlow Bath railway station is now served by the Blue Mountains Line.
The Great Western Highway is the main road access route.
Conrad Westermayr (30 January 1765, Hanau - 5 October 1834, Hanau) was a German painter and copper engraver.
Life and work.
He learned that craft from him, while attending the .
At first, he focused on creating portraits, as the best source of income.
His first oil paintings were copies of the Old Masters.
After 1791, he studied in Weimar, with the copper engraver, Johann Heinrich Lips.
Later, he made engraved copies of larger works by other artists, and worked for the publishing house, "Industrie-Kontor", owned by Friedrich Justin Bertuch.
He went to Dresden in 1795, to further his skills in landscape painting.
In 1800, he returned to Weimar and married , an artist who had also worked for Bertuch.
He was named a professor at the Hanau Academy in 1806.
The old city gates were demolished that year, and his drawings provide the only visual record of them.
In 1808, he became a member of the , a scientific society, for which he drew minerals and other natural objects.
Not long after, he became the academy's Director, a position he held for the rest of his life.
In 1813, he made several paintings and engravings of the Battle of Hanau.
Despite these activities, his focus was on promoting his students.
These included Moritz Daniel Oppenheim, considered to be one of the first modern Jewish painters.
He died in 1834, at the age of sixty-nine.
He and Henriette had no children.
The East Caucasian tur (Capra cylindricornis), also known as the Daghestani tur, is a mountain-dwelling caprine living in the eastern half of the Greater Caucasus mountains, in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and European Russia.
It inhabits rough mountainous terrain, where it eats mainly grasses and leaves.
It is listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Description.
East Caucasian turs are goat-like animals with large but narrow bodies and short legs, and show significant sexual dimorphism in overall size and horn development.
Adult males stand about at the shoulder, measure in head-body length, and weigh around .
The equivalent figures for adult females are for shoulder height, for head-body length, and just for weight.
Males have slightly lyre-shaped horns which reach in length, while in females they are typically only long.
The summer coat is short and sandy-yellow, with dirty white underparts.
Also, dark brown stripes occur along the front surface of the legs and on the upper surface of the tail.
In the winter, the coats of females and juvenile males becomes slightly greyish in colour, but otherwise remain similar.
However, the winter coats of adult males are a solid dark brown, without visible stripes on the legs.
Males develop a beard with their winter coats in their second year, reaching the full length of about by their fourth or fifth year.
Compared with other goats, the beards of East Caucasian turs are relatively stiff, and project somewhat forwards, rather than drooping down.
The beard is small or entirely absent in females, and in males in their summer coats.
Distribution and habitat.
The species range is restricted to the Greater Caucasus Mountains between above sea level, roughly extending from Mt.
Shkhara (Georgia) in the west to Mt.
Babadag (Azerbaijan) in the east.
The western edge of the range of the East Caucasian tur remains unclear, as it overlaps with that of West Caucasian tur ("Capra caucasica").
Most of the species populations avoid human disturbance and occur in extremely rugged, open terrain around 3,000 m. In areas with no or little human disturbance, turs occur in gentler and much lower terrain.
The species is heat-sensitive but prefers snow-free, grass-dominated areas near escape cliffs, and in terrain that is difficult for humans and livestock to reach.
A fragment of a land with optimal terrain, climate, and degree of human disturbance for the species' occurrence is more likely to contain the species if the area of the fragment is larger and its distance to the species' nearest source population is shorter.
Behaviour and ecology.
Reproduction.
Breeding occurs from late November to early January, with births taking place in May and June, after a gestation period of 160 to 165 days.
Young turs are extremely agile, being able to scamper about steep slopes after only a day of life.
They generally start sampling grasses after one month, but continue to suckle until about December.
Growth is relatively slow, with females not reaching their full adult size for five years, and males at around 10 or 11 years of age.
Females reach sexual maturity at two years, but, in the wild, usually do not breed until the age of four.
East Caucasian turs are able to cross-breed with West Caucasian turs and with domestic goats, producing fertile offspring, although this is not common in the wild.
Diet.
During the warm months, feeding occurs at intervals throughout the late afternoon, night, and morning, with the hottest hours of the day being spent resting in sheltered places.
In winter, herds may remain in open pastures throughout the day, alternately grazing and resting.
Daily movements may cover .
They eat almost all kinds of available vegetation, but prefer forbs in spring and summer, and grasses, trees, and shrubs in autumn and winter.
Their seasonal migration covers a vertical distance of , with an upward thrust in May and a retreat downwards in October.
The adult males generally inhabit higher altitudes than females and their young, descending to join them in the breeding season.
During the summer, the turs also make daily migrations, moving as much as vertically between feeding meadows and night-time resting spots.
During this rut, vigorous competitions arise as males vie for mating rights.
Older males are dominant over younger ones, which they drive away from females using threatening postures, rushing, and occasional clashes with their horns.
Fights between equally sized males are fiercer, beginning with both animals rearing on their hind legs and butting each other, before vigorous horn-wrestling that often results in the combatants rolling down steep slopes until one submits and leaves the group.
During the rut, males also mark their territory by debarking and scent-marking tree trunks and heavy branches.
Outside of the rutting season, females live in stable groups with an average of seven individuals, often including a few juvenile males.
Older males live in larger, single-sex groups, with an average of 12 members, while some younger males travel in groups of two or three.
These male groups break up around November, when the rut begins and mixed-sex groups become the norm, reforming again in January or February.
It is documented in the Sturlunga saga.
The era led to the signing of the Old Covenant, which brought Iceland under the Norwegian crown.
Iceland was effectively divided into farthings (quarters).
The North farthing had an additional three dominions because of its size.
This status came about by a combination of respect, honour, influence and wealth.
The chieftains had to demonstrate their qualities as leaders, either by giving gifts to their followers or by holding great feasts.
The greatest chieftains of the 12th and 13th century started amassing great wealth and subsuming lesser dominions.
Power in the country had consolidated within the grasp of a few family clans.
Many Icelandic chieftains became his vassals and were obliged to do his bidding.
In exchange they received gifts, followers and a status of respect.
Consequently, the greatest Icelandic chieftains were soon affiliated with the King of Norway in one way or the other.
History.
Rise of the Sturlungs.
The Age of the Sturlungs began in 1220, when Snorri Sturluson, chieftain of the Sturlung clan and one of the great Icelandic saga writers, became a vassal of Haakon IV of Norway.
The king insisted that Snorri help him bring Iceland under the sovereignty of Norway.
Snorri returned home, and although he soon became the country's most powerful chieftain, he did little to enforce the king's will.
In 1235, Snorri's nephew Sturla Sighvatsson also accepted vassalage under the king.
More than 50 people were killed.
After this victory, Gissur and Kolbeinn became the most powerful chieftains in the country.
In 1241, Gissur went with many men to Snorri's home and murdered him.
().
He soon showed himself to be a formidable tactician and leader.
Both were vassals of the king of Norway, and they appealed to him as dispute mediator.
He died in Norway in 1256.
End of the commonwealth.
In 1252, the king sent Gissur to Iceland.
Despite his influence and power, Gissur was unable to find the leader of the arsonists and was forced to return to Norway in 1254 to bear the censure of the king, who was displeased with his failure in bringing Iceland under the Norwegian throne.
Minor conflicts continued throughout Iceland.
Pieter Bor, or Pieter Christiaensz Bor (1559-1635) was a Dutch Golden Age writer and historian.
His portrait was painted by Frans Hals in 1634, and it was engraved for his book in 1637.
Biography.
He was born in Utrecht (city) and settled in Haarlem in 1578, where he became a public notary.
He moved in 1591 to Leiden, where he is registered as being a notary.
He is also registered as having lived and worked in The Hague, Rijswijk, and Beverwijk, before returning to Haarlem, in 1602, where he received an annuity from the Staten General for his history writing.
Through his work, he had access to city archives in the places he stayed, and he transcribed these sources for his history writing.
Works.
Although he is not registered as a member of a Chamber of Rhetoric, he wrote a few plays that were published in 1617.
This "stapelspel" is based on the same story as Shakespeare's Pericles, Prince of Tyre.
This work, which occupied him for 25 years (according to the introduction), was never finished in rhyme, necessary for performances in those days.
This work, which was published in 37 installments from 1595-1601, is one of the longest publications generated in the 17th century.
It was consolidated and published in 8 volumes in Amsterdam in 1679 and forms an important historic resource for the Dutch Revolt.
Bor was a perfectionist who was careful to include both sides to every battle, transcribing documents from both the Dutch rebels and the Spanish Catholics.
Many of the original documents have since been lost.
Trivia.
Gaundakot is a village and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal.
The Valsesian Autonomist Movement ("Movimento Autonomista Valsesiano", MAV) was a regionalist political party active in Valsesia, a valley region in Piedmont, Italy.
The party was founded in 1980 by three members of the local section of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and by the local leader of the Italian Liberal Party.
Csaba Szekely (born May 2, 1990 in Romania) is a professional Hungarian ice hockey coach and goaltender. and the head coach for U10 at Vasas SC, where he is working with the formal NHL player Levente Szuper.
Szekely played as a goaltending and was part of the MAC Budapest and Vasas SC during his playing career.
He started his career in Gheorgheni, Romania, then moved to Budapest and started to play for MAC Budapest in 2006.
In the 2011-2012, season he led his team Budapest Stars U23 to first place at the Hungarian National Championship and got the Best Goaltending award.
Playing career.
They played at Division I Group A, at the U18 National Championship.
After his career with MAC Budapest, in 2011 he changed his jersey and his team to Budapest Stars (today known as Vasas SC.)
The same year, at his very first season his team won the U23 Hungarian National Championship.
In 2016 the head coach Attila Hoffmann of the Hungarian National Inline Team made his roster for the season.
Szekely was rosted as a goaltender and travelled to Prerov, Czech Republic as the part of the Inline World Championship.
It was his first game as the part of the Hungarian National Inline Team.
The team also participated and won the five team Czech International Tournament.
Coaching career.
From 2011 he started to work at Vasas SC, with Levente Szuper who was the first Hungarian native to appear on an active NHL roster for a game.
He was working as a head coach (Vasas SC) for U-8, while working with U-14 (Vasas SC) as an assistant coach.
He also covered the goaltending position from U-10 to U20 (Vasas SC).
The U8 team won the II.
Through his career he had many interview with one of the biggest ice hockey pages in Hungary, namely Jegkorongblog, among others about his ambitions, and the importance of educating the children.
In August 2015, Attila Nagy team manager called for the U13 team to join in with Glen Williamson.
I was very happy to count on me, it is a great honor to work with the Hungarian national team.
And this season tops off the last one, with the fact that this year I also lead the work of the team U14."
Szekely took the U8 team to the III.
They also participated at the Nitra (SVK) International Tournament, and after hard work they ended up at the 2nd place.
Also this season they finished the Ruzinov (SVK) International Tournament at the 3rd place.
Not only the U8 team did good, but also the U10.
As a goaltending coach Szekely Csaba travelled to Latvia with the Hungarian U15 National Team.
The boys put up a good fight, and got the 4th place at the Riga Cup.
In 2017 he continued his work at the Hungarian National Team Development Program as a head goaltending coach for team U14.
The same year he signed another season with Vasas SC where he became the head coach of U10, and goaltending coach for all ages.
Through his career he had many interview with one of the biggest ice hockey pages in Hungary, namely Jegkorongblog, among others about his ambitions, and the importance of educating the children.
Education.
Inorbit Mall is a subsidiary of K. Raheja Corporation which runs shopping malls in various parts of India.
The first Inorbit Mall opened in 2004, in Malad, Mumbai.
This is the fourth oldest shopping mall in Mumbai, from Infiniti Mall of Andheri, R Mall of Mulund, and Crossroads of South Mumbai.
The company follows a lease-plus-revenue mode revenue model for all its properties.
Inorbit Malad.
Inorbit Mall, Malad was the first shopping mall to open under the Inorbit umbrella.
The mall was launched in 2004 in Malad, Mumbai.
It is also the fourth oldest shopping mall in Mumbai.
The mall has a gross leasable area of .
It was designed by architectural firm "P.G.
Patki and Associates" and is counted among the better planned malls in the city.
At the time, it claimed to be the biggest mall property in South East Asia, housing Mumbai's largest food court.
In 2008, the mall was retrofitted for energy efficiency by Johnson Controls Inc under the "Clinton Climate Initiative" (CCI).
The property was part of a civil suit, filed in 2008 by industrialist Nusli Wadia, owner of the land which was leased to K Raheja Corporation claiming damages for violation of the said lease.
Wadia requested the court to direct the mall be demolished.
The mall houses 26 restaurants and the foodcourt is spread over 12,000 sq. ft and seats 800 people at a time.
The restaurants at Inorbit Malad are sought after and waiting times are as long as three hours for a table.
After the Inorbit Malad experience, the company has doubled the number of restaurants in subsequently developed mall spaces.
Due to the number of footfalls, the mall hosts a variety of promotional events.
In 2007, Panasonic displayed the world's largest plasma screen at Malad.
Inorbit Malad frequently hosts Music releases of top bollywood movies.
Movies which have had their music launched at the mall include The Dirty Picture and Don.
Other bollywood events held at Inorbit Malad include pre-film promotional events attended by filmstars, like one attended by Asin to promote Ready and fashion brand Provogue as well as a launch by socialite Paris Hilton in 2011.
Other events that have taken place at Inorbit Malad include an international boxing bout held by World Series of Boxing (WSB) in 2011.
It is the first mall in the world to have held such an event.
During large sports events such as the Indian Premier League, Inorbit installs large screens in food courts to retain clientele.
In 2010, Inorbit Malad launched "Mall Walk", a scheme where people could use the mall property for their morning walks at no cost.
The development of Inorbit Mall has led to street hawkers setting up shop on the opposite side of the road, which was earlier a hawker-free zone.
These hawkers synchronise their timings with that of the mall, with mall employees and customers being their clientele.
The mall often plays host to cooking classes, self-defence workshops and free music concerts.
Inorbit Vashi.
Inorbit Vashi was inaugurated in 2008.
The mall is located in Vashi, Navi Mumbai.
It has a gross leasable area of .
The mall is credited with changing the face of the area, as until then there were no big brands having a presence in Vashi.
Residents of neighbouring areas have voiced their wishes for an Inorbit Vashi type of mall to be built in their area as well.
The mall is known as a "one stop destination" for shoppers in Navi Mumbai as well as for offering wifi facility at no cost to shoppers.
In 2010, the mall ran an initiative called "Aikya" where it displayed a sand sculpture of a rhinoceros to promote wildlife conservation.
As of July 2014, the mall offers many places to eat - Pot Pourri, Kareem's, Lemon Grass, Soy Street, KFC, Garden Court Restaurant, Starbucks and The Bowl House are a few of the restaurants at Inorbit mall vashi.
There are many other brands related to skin care, salon and spa that have added to the buzz with the commencement such as Bodhi Thai Spa, Kaya Skin Clinic, Juice and Envi Salon.
This mall offers a wide variety of clothing options.
Inorbit Pune.
Inorbit Pune was opened in 2011 in Vadgaon Sheri, Pune.
It has a gross leasable area of 547,000 square feet.
In May 2011, "Faces Cosmetics" opened its first store in India at Inorbit Pune and in July 2011, Cinemax launched a four screen multiplex at the mall.
In 2012, the Essel Group chose Inorbit Pune to launch the first outlet of EsselWorld Freeze.
The mall was permanently closed in November 2016, except the PVR Multiplex.
Inorbit Cyberabad.
Inorbit Cyberabad (Hyderabad) has a gross leasable area of 800,000 square feet.
It was launched in 2009 and is also the biggest of all the Inorbit malls.
It is located at Mindspace, Madhapur in Hitech City, Hyderabad.
Inorbit Whitefield.
Inorbit Whitefield has a gross leasable area of 339,000 square feet.
The mall was opened in 2012.
Inorbit Vadodara has a gross leasable area of 474,000 square feet.
The mall was inaugurated in 2013.
It is located on Bhailal Amin Marg (Alembic Road) in Gorwa, Vadodara.
Future plans.
Inorbit has planned an expansion of the malls in other cities.
In 2011, it was reported that Inorbit was interested in buying under-construction malls in Delhi and Kochi to expand its business.
Rusa II was king of Urartu between around 680 BC and 639 BC.
It was during his reign that the massive fortress complex, Karmir-Blur, was constructed.
Rusa II was known to Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, as Yaya or Iaya.
HMS "Untamed was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrongs, High Walker.
So far, she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name "Untamed".
On 30 May 1943, she sank during a training exercise in the Firth of Clyde with the loss of all 35 of her crew.
"Untamed" was subsequently salvaged and renamed HMS "Vitality, another unique name, and lasted until 1946 when she was scrapped.
Sinking.
"Untamed" was on a training exercise with the 8th Escort Group in the Firth of Clyde on 30 May 1943 acting as a target.
In the second exercise that day, "Untamed" was used as a target for anti-submarine mortar practice by the yacht HMS "Shemara".
When the submarine did not respond to attempts to contact her nor surface, assistance was summoned.
"Shemara" located "Untamed" with sonar and heard the sounds of her engines being run and tanks being blown.
Weather prevented divers inspecting the submarine until 1 June.
There was no outward sign of damage and it was not until after "Untamed" was salvaged on 5 July 1943 that it was found that she had been flooded through a sluice valve.
"Untamed" was salvaged, refitted and named "Vitality", returning to service in July 1944.
As "Vitality", she had a short and uneventful career and was sold to be broken up for scrap on 13 February 1946.
She was broken up at Troon.
Children North East is a registered charity based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
The focus of the charity is to provide help and funding, through community based projects, to families, children and young people in the region who are experiencing a range of problems and difficulties in their lives.
In 2011, the organisation celebrated 120 years old which makes it the oldest independent children's charity in the North East of England.
History.
The organisation was founded in 1891 by John H Watson, a local philanthropist and John L Lunn, a wealthy shipping merchant, in the north east city of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Watson was involved in organising the missionaries in the impoverished areas of the city and was approached by Lunn in June 1891, with an offer to fund a trip to the coast for some of the street children who would benefit from time away from their dismal existence.
Are there any street lads in your mission to whom a day at the seaside would be a treat?
If so we might arrange a trip.
The trip was so successful that Watson decided to write a letter for publication in the Newcastle Chronicle, appealing to the general public to send funding for further trips to the seaside to help more needy children.
The following year, 600 children were sent on trips to the seaside with money donated by the public.
In 1893, the association was established and was named as 'The Newcastle Poor Children's Seaside Trips Association.'
The committee elected the founders, Lunn and Watson as chairman and hon secretary respectively.
Each summer between May and September, groups of children selected from the districts of Newcastle and Gateshead, continued to visit the coast.
Over time, extended trips to the surrounding countryside towns such as Wark, Bellingham, Rothbury and Hexham were arranged to meet the needs of weaker children who needed the clean air and extended rest from the city.
Accommodation in the country was provided by generous locals.
In 1894, night shelters were built for boys and girls living on the streets, providing a bed for the night as well as a meal.
The 'Street Vendors Club' was established on Percy Street, close to the head office which at the time was located where the Eldon Square Shopping Centre stands today.
The purpose of the club was to provide children with the means to earn a living other than by selling things in the street.
Within the first week the club had 300 members.
In 1907, following extensive appeals to the public for funding, the 'Stannington Sanatorium' was opened as a treatment centre for sick children suffering with tuberculosis.
The organisation grew from strength to strength by building up their charitable profile and taking on extra help and volunteers to hold fundraising events and manage projects, in order to distribute funds to the region's most needy children.
In November 1988, the organisation registered their new name, 'Children North East', which better reflected the changing society and the variation of projects which catered for the needs of needy and vulnerable children in a range of circumstances across the region.
The organisation.
The aims of today's organisation are very similar to when it was first established in 1891.
However, trips to the seaside are no longer part of the charity's agenda and more focus is given to improving the lives of the region's children in the long term.
The objectives of the community based projects focus on improving local children's life experience, their relationships with others and building their self-esteem.
The improvement of the moral as well as the physical welfare of the region's children is the priority.
Whilst poverty is still an issue, the charity aims to address the needs of local children on a far wider basis, within education as well as their home life.
The head office of the organisation is now located in Denhill Park, Newcastle upon Tyne and currently employs 79 full and part-time staff as well as 120 volunteers.
A number of fundraising events, a range of projects and the charities website are managed and organised from the head office.
Fundraising events.
Fundraising events are organised each year to raise money to support the work of the charity.
Annual events include 'The Sandcastle Challenge' which is held in July and unites school children from the area at the beach at South Shields, 'The Sandcastle Ball' which is a fundraising event held on a Summers evening at one of the region's hotels and 'The Annual Golf Tournament' in which teams pay to enter, raising funds, and competing to win.
The charity also has a team of participants in the Great North Run each year.
Projects.
The organisation's website, www.children-ne.org.uk, provides a detailed description of the projects taking place in the community.
These include the WEYES project (The West End Youth Enquiry Service), Families Plus and Fathers Plus which are among a number of other ongoing projects.
Patrons.
The Cleveland sports curse was a sports superstition involving the city of Cleveland, Ohio, and its major league professional sports teams, centered on the failure to win a championship in any major league sport for 52 years, from 1964 to 2016.
The championship drought began after the Browns defeated the Baltimore Colts in the 1964 NFL Championship Game, two seasons before the first Super Bowl.
The city's professional sports teams, including the short-lived Barons franchise of the National Hockey League, then went an unprecedented 147 combined seasons without a championship.
The drought ended when the Cavaliers beat the Golden State Warriors in Game 7 of the 2016 NBA Finals by overcoming a 3-1 series deficit, an event widely interpreted as having broken the curse.
The Indians made the World Series that same year but lost to the Chicago Cubs, ironically blowing a 3-1 series lead in the process.
Cleveland Browns.
Much of the discussion of the curse is centered on the NFL's Cleveland Browns, who have not won a championship since 1964 and have suffered a series of questionable coaching decisions, disappointing losses and draft busts.
Before Art Modell became majority owner of the team, the Browns had dominated the NFL and the earlier All-America Football Conference (AAFC), winning seven championships in 17 years.
This particular Browns team consisted of many players initially drafted and acquired by Paul Brown, the Browns' former long-time head coach and architect of the team's earlier successes, who had been fired by Modell early in 1963.
The Browns returned to the NFL Championship Game in 1965, where they lost to the Green Bay Packers.
In the spring of 1966, star running back Jim Brown was cast in the film "The Dirty Dozen".
Brown went to England to take part in filming, which suffered production delays due to stormy weather.
The production delays caused Brown to miss the first part of training camp, resulting in Modell fining him for every day he missed.
After the AFL-NFL merger, the Browns were placed in the AFC.
There, the Browns made two playoff trips in 1971 and 1972, but suffered early exits both times.
The Browns did not return to the playoffs until 1980.
Trailing by two points to the Oakland Raiders and in field goal range with less than one minute remaining in the , the Browns executed a passing play that was intercepted in the end zone.
The play, called by Browns head coach Sam Rutigliano, has become known as "Red Right 88".
In 1986, the Browns were one game away from playing in what would have been the franchise's first Super Bowl when they fell short in one of the most memorable games in NFL history.
The game went to overtime, and the Broncos kicked a field goal to seal the victory.
Elway's fourth quarter march and the game itself became known as "The Drive", a title that both signifies Elway's brilliance in the clutch and the Browns' inability to close out important games.
The Browns and Broncos both returned to the AFC Championship Game the next year.
Byner, who was in the midst of a great performance, was stripped of the ball and the Broncos recovered on their 2-yard line.
The Browns returned to the AFC Championship game in 1989, again .
As of the 2020 NFL season, the Browns have not returned to the AFC Championship Game since and remain one of four teams to never play in a Super Bowl, along with the Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, and Jacksonville Jaguars.
The Browns were at the center of a relocation controversy in 1995.
After negotiations with the NFL and the city of Cleveland, Modell was allowed to move the team's personnel to Baltimore, where it became a new franchise known as the Baltimore Ravens.
The Ravens won a Super Bowl in only their fifth year of existence, doing so with former Browns tight end Ozzie Newsome as their general manager.
In addition to Newsome's success, coach Bill Belichick, who was fired as Browns' head coach soon after the 1995 season, became head coach of the New England Patriots five years later.
With the Patriots, Belichick has coached only one losing season and won nine AFC Championships and six Super Bowls.
The Browns returned to the NFL in 1999, after a three-year period of deactivation.
In the 1999 NFL Draft, the Browns selected Tim Couch, hoping he would be a franchise quarterback.
Ty Detmer was brought in to usher in the planned "Couch era", but after a string of dismal performances, Couch was rushed into the starting position.
Couch struggled to perform without a talented roster around him, which led to his eventual departure from the Browns after 2003.
The Browns could have selected Kurt Warner in the 1999 NFL expansion draft, as the St. Louis Rams left him unprotected.
However the Browns chose not to do so.
Warner would go on to win the NFL Most Valuable Player Award in the 1999 and 2001 seasons and also helped the Rams win Super Bowl XXXIV.
The Browns suffered through losing seasons in their first three seasons after their return, but returned to the playoffs in 2002, losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Wild Card round.
The Browns missed the playoffs because they lost the divisional tiebreaker to the Steelers on account of a head-to-head sweep and the wild card tiebreaker to the Titans based on head-to-head record against common opponents.
In the 2011 NFL draft, the Browns held the sixth overall pick, but traded back with the Atlanta Falcons.
The Falcons would use that pick to select Julio Jones while the Browns used the third overall pick in 2012 to select Trent Richardson.
Jones would go on to be considered one of the best wide receivers of the 2010's with Atlanta, while Richardson only appeared in 17 games before being traded to the Colts in 2013 for a 2014 first-round pick.
The Browns used the first-round pick they received from the Colts to select Johnny Manziel, whose career was overshadowed by numerous off-field issues and played his last game in 2015.
On November 30, 2015, the Browns played the Baltimore Ravens in their first "Monday Night Football" game in six years.
Browns cornerback Tramon Williams intercepted a pass at mid-field with 50 seconds left.
The Browns attempted a 51-yard field goal with three seconds left to win the game, only to see the attempt blocked and returned by Ravens safety Will Hill for a touchdown, handing the Browns their most painful loss in recent history.
The event was called "The Block" by some disgruntled fans on Twitter only moments after the end of the game.
By the end of the 2017 season, the Browns had started 28 different quarterbacks since their 1999 return to the NFL, a league-high in that period.
This was mainly due to the success of newly acquired wide receiver Jarvis Landry, and rookie quarterback and 2017 Heisman Trophy winner Baker Mayfield.
Entering 2019, the Browns had high expectations after acquiring Odell Beckham Jr. to complement Mayfield and Landry.
Much of the blame was placed on head coach Freddie Kitchens, who was fired after just one season as head coach.
The Browns hired Kevin Stefanski as their new head coach for the following season, ultimately finishing 11-5 and returning to the playoffs for the first time in 18 years.
The Browns lost in the second round to the Kansas City Chiefs.
In 2021, the Browns went 8-9 and missed the playoffs again.
Cleveland Cavaliers.
The Cleveland Cavaliers are a professional basketball team who have played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 1970.
The early-mid 1980s saw the franchise ruined by owner Ted Stepien's decision to trade away every first-round pick the Cavaliers held for inferior talent, while those picks turned into players such as James Worthy and Derek Harper.
Despite this, the Cavaliers gained respectability towards the end of the decade and the early 1990s, making the playoffs with players such as Mark Price, Brad Daugherty, Larry Nance, Hot Rod Williams and Craig Ehlo on their roster.
In 1989, the Cavaliers faced the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the playoffs.
In the decisive fifth game, Craig Ehlo had given the Cavs the lead with three seconds to play.
In 2007, Ohio native LeBron James led the Cavaliers to their first NBA Finals appearance.
However, they were swept by the San Antonio Spurs.
During the 2010 NBA free agency period, James was featured in a television special titled "The Decision".
The quote was heavily criticized.
James, along with the help of Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh, led the Heat to four consecutive NBA Finals appearances, winning twice, while the Cavaliers' record fell to the bottom of the NBA echelon.
In those four years without LeBron, they acquired three number-one picks (Kyrie Irving in 2011, Anthony Bennett in 2013 and Andrew Wiggins in 2014).
After signing James, the Cavaliers traded their two most recent number-one draft picks, Andrew Wiggins and Anthony Bennett, for Minnesota Timberwolves star Kevin Love to form their own "Big 3," which was rounded out by Irving.
The Cavs advanced to the 2015 NBA Finals.
It was revealed that Blatt had a turbulent relationship with James as well as several other players.
They advanced to the NBA Finals, losing only two games on the way.
The Cavaliers defeated the Golden State Warriors in the 2016 NBA Finals which was a rematch of the previous season's Finals.
A particularly memorable moment in Game 7 was when James successfully pursued and blocked Andre Iguodala on a fast break late in the fourth quarter, a defensive play known among Cavs fans as The Block.
Following that, Cavaliers' forward Kevin Love was switched and forced to play one-on-one defense against Stephen Curry.
Curry tried an array of dribbling moves but ultimately missed his 3-point attempt, with the typically slow-footed Love staying in front of and pestering the Warriors guard.
This game is being called "The Comeback" and "The End" as this win ended Northeast Ohio's 52-year championship drought.
Cleveland Indians.
The then-Cleveland Indians (now known as the Cleveland Guardians), like the Browns and Cavaliers, also experienced the curse.
The Indians' failure to win a World Series since has led the "Cleveland Scene" to dub the team's shortcomings The Curse of Chief Wahoo.
Chief Wahoo was a Native American caricature which served as the Indians' cap insignia prior to being discontinued in 2018.
The Chief Wahoo insignia has been controversial.
The Indians considered changing it in 1993, but the logo was retained on the home caps, alternate away caps, and jersey sleeves until 2019.
In 2002, the Indians introduced a script "I" alternate logo and cap insignia.
In 2011, the alternate logo was changed to the block "C." The Block "C" would become the team's primary logo beginning in 2014.
The team would ultimately drop the "Indians" name in 2022 in favor of "Guardians".
The Curse of Rocky Colavito is another phenomenon that is supposedly preventing the Indians from winning a World Series.
The 1989 film "Major League" was based on the Indians' poor performance since 1954, as the Indians had finished within five games of a playoff berth just three times between 1955 and 1989.
Heavily favored against the New York Giants in the World Series, the Indians seemed poised to break the game open in the top of the eighth inning of Game 1, when Indians first baseman Vic Wertz hit a deep fly ball to center field.
Since the game was held at the Polo Grounds (which was 483 feet from home plate to center field), the ball remained in play, even though it would have been a home run in any other ballpark.
As such, Giants center fielder Willie Mays made an improbable, over-the-shoulder, no-look catch on the run to rob Wertz of an extra-base hit, leaving the game tied at two in a play that became known as The Catch.
In the bottom of the tenth inning, Giants batter Dusty Rhodes hit a walk-off home run to give the Giants the win.
The Giants went on to sweep the Indians in the World Series in what became one of the biggest upsets in World Series history.
In 1969, Major League Baseball expanded its postseason and introduced divisional play, the Indians were placed in the American League East.
The Indians did not return to the postseason until the postseason was expanded further in 1995.
The historic 1995 season saw the Indians win 100 games and make it to the World Series for the first time in 41 years, but lost in six games to the Atlanta Braves, led by the Braves' Big Three of Greg Maddux, John Smoltz, and World Series MVP Tom Glavine.
The Braves' victory was their only World Series win in their 15 consecutive trips to the playoffs between 1991 and 2005.
In 1996, the Indians won 99 games, which was the most in the American League.
However, they lost the ALDS in four games to the Orioles.
The Indians failed to return to the World Series in 1998, losing the ALCS in six games.
After winning division titles six times in seven seasons from 1995 to 2001, the Indians only appeared in the postseason twice in 14 years under the often frugal Dolan family ownership (Larry Dolan bought the team in 2000).
Even after the Cavaliers 2016 NBA title, the Indians continued to come up short in the playoffs.
Later that same year, the Indians advanced to the World Series, giving Cleveland a chance to become the first city since Los Angeles in 1988 to have both NBA and MLB championships in the same year.
In 2017, the Indians returned to the playoffs as a heavy favorite to return to the World Series.
They won 102 games, highlighted by an American League record 22-game winning streak.
The Indians returned to the postseason in 2018 and 2020 but were swept in the first round both times.
Other sports.
The Cleveland sports curse has generally centered around its major teams.
However, other teams based in Cleveland won championships during the city's major title drought, and one Greater Cleveland native won a world championship individually.
Cleveland Crunch.
The Cleveland Crunch, an indoor soccer club, won three championships in the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) during the 1990s.
The team went on to win two more titles, in 1996 and 1999, before the league disbanded in 2001.
The Crunch would eventually be revived in 2020, playing in the Major Arena Soccer League 2 (M2), and in their first season would win the 2021 M2 Championship.
Lake Erie Monsters.
The team, also owned by Dan Gilbert, shares its arena with the Cavaliers, who won the NBA title eight days later.
It was the 10th overall Calder Cup won by a Cleveland team.
The original Cleveland Barons that played from 1937 to 1973 won it nine times, with the last in 1964 - coincidentally the last time one of the major sports franchises in the city won a championship prior to the 2016 Cavaliers.
Stipe Miocic.
On May 14, 2016, mixed martial artist Stipe Miocic, a native of Euclid, a Cleveland suburb, won the UFC Heavyweight Championship at UFC 198 in Curitiba, Brazil, knocking out Brazil's Fabricio Werdum.
Three hours prior, ESPN had aired a "30 for 30" episode called "Believeland," documenting Cleveland's major-league title drought.
The Indians and Cavaliers Twitter accounts congratulated him shortly afterwards.
They and the Browns had earlier wished him luck.
He tweeted encouragement to the Cavaliers, who hoped to keep the winning streak alive in the 2016 NBA Playoffs.
Some media outlets characterized Miocic's title as having ended Cleveland's 52-year championship drought, as well as Miocic himself in the post-fight interview.
5-Nonanone, or dibutyl ketone, is the organic compound with the formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2CO.
This colorless liquid is a symmetrical ketone.
Synthesis.
5-Nonanone, which is potentially of interest as a diesel fuel, can be produced from levulinic acid, which can be produced from fructose.
Levulinic acid is converted to valeric acid, which undergoes ketonization.
Toxicology.
Metabolic pathway. 2,5- or 3,6-diketones).
Subsequent oxidative and decarboxylative steps also produce 2,5-hexanedione.
No unchanged 5-nonanone is detected in the urine after administration.
Of these metabolites, 2,5-hexanedione is believed to be the most neurotoxic compound.
Toxicological effects.
In rats, the neurotoxicity of 5-nonanone is enhanced by methyl ethyl ketone.
This suggests induction of microsomal oxidizing enzymes, which results in greater production of toxic metabolites.
Chronic exposure to the compound has been shown to produce a clinical neuropathy, characterized by giant axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments.
Another study was done on rats to explore the enhancement of the toxicity of 5-nonanone by 5-methyl-2-octanone.
The combination of these two compounds increases the neurotoxic effect of 5-nonanone approximately sixfold.
Prince Jaime Bernardo of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi (born 13 October 1972) is the second son and third child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands and Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma.
He is a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma as well an extended member of the Dutch royal family.
From 2014 to 2018 he was the Dutch ambassador to the Holy See.
Until 2021 he was the Senior Advisor Private Sector Partnerships at UNHCR, the United Nations Refugee Agency.
Currently he is the Climate Envoy of the Netherlands.
Early life.
Jaime was born in Nijmegen, Netherlands.
He has a twin sister, Princess Margarita, who was born one minute earlier.
Besides his twin sister, the prince has one elder brother, Carlos, Duke of Parma, and one younger sister, Princess Carolina.
Prince Jaime was born six weeks prematurely and stayed with his sister in an incubator at the hospital.
Jaime was baptised by Cardinal Bernardus Johannes Alfrink, with his grandfather Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld and Princess Madeleine of Bourbon-Parma as his godparents.
In 1981 his parents decided to divorce.
Together with his mother and his siblings he moved to the Soestdijk Palace (Baarn), then residence of his grandparents, Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard, where he lived for several years.
Education and career.
Jaime studied international relations at Brown University in the United States.
He subsequently obtained a M.A. degree in International Economics and Conflict Management at Johns Hopkins University.
During this studies he performed an internship at the World Wide Fund for Nature and the International Federation of the Red Cross.
He now works for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.
His first role was as the prime secretary of the Netherlands Embassy in Baghdad, before becoming a political advisor to the peace mission in Pol-e Khomri in the Baghlan Province in the northern part of Afghanistan.
Until the summer of 2007 the prince worked on secondment in the cabinet of the European Commissioner Neelie Kroes.
He was back in The Hague at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he had the position of Special Envoy for Natural Resources.
On 7 February 2014, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that he would be appointed as ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the Holy See.
Prince Jaime was, on 15 July 2014, sworn in as ambassador by King Willem-Alexander and he served till August 2018.
Thereafter he was seconded to UNHCR, the United Nations Agency for Refugees, as Senior Advisor Private Sector Partnerships to work on the energy transition in refugee settlements.
In August 2021 he started as the Climate Envoy of the Netherlands.
Other activities.
Jaime has also worked as an interviewer for the documentary series "Africa, War is Business".
In the documentary he investigated and explained how a country that is very rich in raw materials can be dominated by poverty and conflict.
In the series he visited Sierra Leone and its diamond fields, Liberia to see how an export embargo on its hardwood is carried out, and the DR Congo, where he goes on a night patrol in the war-torn east of the country, an area rich in gold and cobalt.
In the documentary possible solutions are displayed from the perspective of the international community.
The prince performs representative tasks for the Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma.
He is regularly present at royal marriages, baptismal ceremonies, and funerals.
Personal life.
On 3 October 2013, they married in a civil wedding ceremony in Wijk bij Duurstede.
Their religious wedding took place on 5 October 2013, at the Church of Our Lady in Apeldoorn.
Notes.
Already a ducal prince from birth, his father bestowed the substantive title "Conte di Bardi" (Count of Bardi) upon him on 2 September 1996.
In 1996 he was incorporated into the Dutch nobility by Queen Beatrix, with the highest noble title "Prins de Bourbon de Parme" (Prince of Bourbon-Parma), and styled "Zijne Koninklijke Hoogheid" ("His Royal Highness").
His other titles hold no ground within the Dutch nobility.
Viktor Belyatsky (born 8 November 1970) is a Belarusian weightlifter.
 is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Blaublitz Akita.
Career.
Takashi Kawano was born on 17 June 1996 in Tsuno, Miyazaki.
When he was 6, he joined the Tsuno Elementary School Soccer Club.
After graduating from Kansai University, Kawano signed with the third tier club Giravanz Kitakyushu and made professional debut against Blaublitz Akita on Matchweek 7 in .
He scored his first professional goal against Gamba Osaka U-23 on Matchweek 20, and another goal against Akita on Matchweek 29.Kitakyushu got promoted as the J3 League champion.
He spent most of his life during the Manchu conquest of China and anti-Qing activities after the Ming dynasty had been overthrown.
Biography.
Tao was born in Huangminglou Town of Ningxiang, Hunan in 1601.
In 1629 he entered Guozijian, the highest institution of traditional Chinese culture in China.
After graduation, he became an official in south China's Guangdong province.
After the collapse of Yongli Regime, he received ordination as a monk in Miyin Temple, Weishan Township.
KTDO (channel 48) is a television station licensed to Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language Telemundo network to the El Paso, Texas area.
Owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group, the station has studios on Carnegie Avenue in El Paso, and its transmitter is located atop the Franklin Mountains on the El Paso city limits.
History.
KASK-TV.
The TV station was an outgrowth of KASK-FM (103.1).
KZIA.
KASK-TV went off the air in October 1987 when it was bought by Bayport Communications.
Bayport was approved to relocate the tower to a new site near Anthony, New Mexico, and increase power from 74,000 watts to the maximum 5 million.
The station was added to the El Paso cable system in 1991.
"Z48" became a charter affiliate of the United Paramount Network (UPN) upon the network's launch on January 16, 1995.
Change to Telemundo.
In 1997, the station's calls were changed to KMAZ ahead of a January 16, 1998, change to Telemundo and Spanish-language programming.
The change was made to improve the station's financial position and because management felt the market was ready for a second Spanish-language station on the United States side of the border.
In 2001, the station's call letters were changed to KTYO.
As a result of the switch, UPN (which ceased operations in September 2006 and merged its programming with competing network The WB as part of a joint venture between CBS Corporation and Time Warner to form The CW) did not have a full-time affiliate in the El Paso market for the remainder of the network's run, with its programming being relegated to a secondary affiliation on KKWB (channel 65, now KTFN) until it switched to TeleFutura in January 2002.
On December 4, 2017, NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group announced its purchase of ZGS' television stations, including KTDO.
The sale was completed on February 1, 2018.
News operation.
KTDO presently broadcasts 12 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with two hours each weekday and one hour each on Saturdays and Sundays).
With this expansion, KTDO has more hours of local news than any other Spanish-language station in El Paso.
Previous local newscasts.
In 1991, channel 48 began carrying by microwave link all of KOB-TV's local newscasts live from Albuquerque in a first-of-its-kind arrangement.
Technical information.
Subchannels.
KTDO shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 48, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate.
The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 47.
Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 48.
Former translator.
KTDO's main channel was also seen in analog in El Paso proper via low-power translator KTDO-LP on channel 48, mainly to allow viewers in El Paso and on the Mexican side of the market to continue to watch the station over-the-air.
Chris Kiffin (born January 19, 1982) is an American football coach who is the linebackers coach for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL).
He previously served as an assistant coach for the Cleveland Browns, San Francisco 49ers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
He also coached at Florida Atlantic, Ole Miss, Arkansas State, USC, Nebraska and Idaho.
Coaching career.
Idaho.
In 2005, Kiffin started his coaching career at Idaho as a coaching assistant.
In 2006, Kiffin was hired by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as a offseason quality control intern under head coach Jon Gruden.
Nebraska.
In 2008, Kiffin was hired as a defensive quality control coach at Nebraska.
USC.
In 2010, Kiffin was hired as a defensive assistant at USC.
Arkansas State.
In 2011, Kiffin was hired as a defensive line coach at Arkansas State.
Ole Miss.
In 2012, Kiffin was hired as a defensive line coach at Ole Miss.
He left in 2017 to join his brother.
Florida Atlantic.
In 2017, Kiffin was hired by his brother, Lane Kiffin, at Florida Atlantic as a defensive coordinator in 2016.
San Francisco 49ers.
In 2018, Kiffin was hired by the San Francisco 49ers as their pass rush specialist coach under head coach Kyle Shanahan.
Cleveland Browns.
On February 13, 2020, Kiffin was hired by the Cleveland Browns as their defensive line coach under head coach Kevin Stefanski.
Following the 2021 season, Kiffin left the Browns coaching staff to join the coaching staff at Ole Miss.
However, on February 10, 2022, Kiffin left Ole Miss to return to the Browns and take his former coaching role.
Houston Texans.
On February 14, 2023, Kiffin left the Cleveland Browns to become the linebackers coach with the Houston Texans.
Personal life.
A strong supporter of libraries and reading, she later played an important role in pioneering the promotion and development of children's literature.
Biography.
In 1879, she moved to Stockholm with her family.
Following her father's death when she was 10 years old, she became a full boarder at Hammarstedt School.
As there were not many opportunities for women to study at the time, the training college became a centre for women intellectuals.
It was probably there that Peterson first became involved in the Swedish women's movement.
Thanks to her husband, she frequented Stockholm's intellectual receptions, salons and clubs including the feminist Ellen Key's Sunday meetings and Calla Curman's literature salons.
A budding journalist, she reported her encounters in the press.
She also encouraged women to play a more active part in cultural life, encouraged by her friend Sophie Adlersparre who was active in women's rights as the founder of the Fredrika Bremer Association.
In the early 20th century, Linder became an active supporter of women's involvement in education and culture, regularly contributing to "Folkbiblioteksbladet", the public library journal.
She encouraged interest in reading for pleasure.
Linder also contributed to various newspapers and magazines, addressing school education problems and women's issues as well as writing literary reviews.
Linder is remembered in particular as being a pioneer in examining Swedish books for children and acting as a critic of children's literature from 1900, especially in "Dagens Nyheter".
She continued to contribute to children's book reviews until the 1940s, influencing library acquisitions and the design and presentation of children's books, helping to increase the quality of children's book publishing.
The history of the Scotland national football team dates back to the first ever international football match in 1872.
Until the Second World War, Scotland mainly competed against the other Home Nations in the British Home Championship, with the most keenly contested fixture being the match with England.
The Scottish Football Association, which governs the team, joined the international governing body FIFA in 1910, but along with the other Home Nations withdrew from FIFA in 1928.
This meant that Scotland did not participate in the World Cups of 1930, 1934 or 1938.
The Home Nations rejoined FIFA after the Second World War and Scotland then started to participate in international competitions.
Scotland have since participated in eight World Cups and three European Championship tournaments, but have never progressed beyond the first stage.
Scotland and England are the oldest national football teams in the world.
Teams representing the two sides first competed at the Oval in five matches between 1870 and 1872.
The two countries contested the first official international football match, at Hamilton Crescent in Partick, Scotland on 30 November 1872.
The match ended in a goalless draw.
All eleven players who represented Scotland that day played for Glasgow amateur club Queen's Park.
The British Home Championship began in 1883, making these games competitive.
The encounters against England were particularly fierce and a rivalry quickly developed.
Between 1872 and 1929, Scotland only played matches against the other Home Nations of England, Ireland and Wales.
Initially the matches between the Home Nations were merely annual friendly fixtures, but the introduction of the British Home Championship in 1884 provided competitive international football for the first time.
During these early years, defeats for Scotland were something of a rarity, losing just two of their first 43 international matches.
Scotland won 26 of the 51 British Home Championships held before the Second World War, sharing nine of those titles.
However, the Scottish eleven in that match never played together again, and soon a dispute with the English authorities over the release of players in 1930 led to the SFA only selecting home-based players for some time.
There had been eight 'Anglos' involved in the 1928 victory, but it would be a decade later before so many were involved in the fixture again.
The SFA joined FIFA in 1910, but the relationship between FIFA and the Home Nations was fraught.
All of them withdrew from FIFA in 1928 in a dispute over payments to amateur players.
Due to their withdrawal from FIFA, Scotland did not participate in the 1930 FIFA World Cup.
Several Scottish-born players played for the United States, who reached the semi-finals. 1950s.
Scotland had to wait until 1954 before taking part in their first World Cup, even though they had qualified for the 1950 FIFA World Cup.
Two places were allocated to the Home Nations with the 1950 British Home Championship acting as a qualifying group.
However, the SFA stated that they would only send a team to the World Cup if they won the Home Championship.
The SFA took a more relaxed stance for the next World Cup and Scotland qualified along with England from a combined World Cup qualifying group and British Home Championship in second place.
Andy Beattie was appointed as the team's first ever manager, a position he held on a part-time basis as he was also managing Huddersfield Town.
Beattie resigned during the World Cup after the SFA had decided to take only 13 players, despite FIFA allowing 22 to be selected. the defeat by Uruguay is the heaviest defeat that Scotland have ever suffered.
Scotland also qualified for the 1958 World Cup ahead of Spain, and in the same year achieved a friendly win away to World Cup holders West Germany.
Matt Busby was due to manage the team at the World Cup, but due to the severe injuries he suffered in the Munich Air Disaster, trainer Dawson Walker took charge of the team. 1960s.
The British Home Championship was won in 1962 and 1963 under the management of Ian McColl.
Jock Stein, John Prentice and Malky McDonald all then had brief spells as manager.
Bobby Brown was appointed Scotland manager in 1967.
His first match as manager was something of a daunting one, against the 1966 World Cup winners England at Wembley.
Despite including four Lisbon Lions and other greats including Denis Law, Jim Baxter and Billy Bremner, the team were considered underdogs against England, who were unbeaten in 19 internationals.
The victory led fans to call Scotland the "unofficial world champions".
Towards the end of the match, Scotland winger Jim Baxter famously played keepie uppie at walking pace as he tormented the opposition.
The group was the total of the results in the 1967 and 1968 British Home Championships.
Bobby Brown's managership continued to be inconsistent, as the team failed to qualify for the 1970 World Cup. 1970s.
Tommy Docherty was appointed as manager in 1971 and achieved some short-term success, including sharing a British Home Championship.
He resigned from the Scotland job to become manager of Manchester United.
1974 World Cup.
Willie Ormond was appointed Scotland manager in 1973.
Scotland qualified by winning 3 of their 4 games in a group including Czechoslovakia and Denmark.
Scotland also shared the 1974 British Home Championship with England but failed to qualify for the 1976 European Championship.
Willie Ormond resigned in 1977 after several minor breaches of player discipline.
1978 World Cup.
Scotland appointed Ally MacLeod in May 1977 with qualification for the 1978 World Cup far from assured.
After the game the Tartan Army infamously staged a pitch invasion during which the pitch was ripped up and the crossbar was broken.
Scotland went on to assure qualification for the 1978 World Cup with victories over Czechoslovakia and a key victory over Wales at Anfield.
They beat Wales largely thanks to a controversial penalty kick that was given for handball by a Welsh player, but the ball appeared to have been handled by Joe Jordan.
Kenny Dalglish then sealed the victory with a memorable diving header.
During the buildup to the tournament, MacLeod fuelled the hopes and dreams of the nation by stating that even if Scotland didn't win the World Cup, they would most definitely come home with a medal of some kind.
When asked what his plans were for after the World Cup, MacLeod quipped "Defend it!".
As the squad left for the finals in Argentina, they were given a rapturous send off as they were paraded around a packed Hampden Park in an open-top bus.
Thousands more fans lined the route to Prestwick Airport as the team set off for Argentina.
Things began to go wrong soon after, however, as a row between players and the SFA regarding bonus payments began to emerge.
They looked even better when they were awarded a penalty kick, but Don Masson spurned the chance to put them two up and Peru were level by half-time.
Willie Johnston tested positive for a drug test after the game and was subsequently sent home in disgrace.
Scotland again took the lead in their second match against Iran but a 60th-minute equaliser from Iraj Danaeifard saw Scotland's World Cup hopes hanging by a thread.
The disconsolate and shell-shocked mood of the nation was reflected by footage of Ally MacLeod in the dugout with his head in his hands.
After taking just 1 point from their opening two games, Scotland had to defeat one of the tournament favourites, the Netherlands, by three clear goals to qualify.
Scotland bowed out of the tournament on goal difference for the second successive World Cup. 1980s.
Jock Stein was appointed as Scotland manager in 1978.
After failing to qualify for Euro 1980, Scotland qualified for their third successive World Cup finals from a group consisting of Sweden, Portugal, Israel and Northern Ireland, losing just one match in the process.
At the finals, Scotland were eliminated from the tournament on goal difference for a third successive World Cup.
Scotland once again failed to qualify for the European Championships, as they won just one match in their qualifying group.
Despite this, the team qualified for their fourth successive World Cup in dramatic circumstances.
Scotland went into their last qualification match needing a point to earn a play-off match.
Stein's assistant Alex Ferguson took the role of manager on a part-time caretaker basis, as he was still managing his successful Aberdeen side.
The final match against Uruguay ended in a goalless draw, despite the Uruguayans having a player sent off in the opening minutes.
The SFA chief executive Ernie Walker memorably described the Uruguayans as "animals".
Ferguson relinquished the Scotland job after the World Cup and moved on to Manchester United a few months later.
Following the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Andy Roxburgh took charge of Scotland for the 1988 European Championship qualifying section.
Scotland performed poorly in the qualifying group, although an away victory against Bulgaria handed qualification to the Republic of Ireland.
Following this failure, Scotland regrouped for the 1990 World Cup and qualified narrowly.
Scotland looked on course to qualify comfortably, but they then lost heavily in both France and Yugoslavia, leaving them needing to avoid defeat at home to Norway in the final game.
Had the Norwegians scored again, Scotland would have been out, but the 65,000 crowd breathed a sigh of relief when the final whistle went. 1990s.
1990 World Cup.
This left Scotland realistically needing a point from their final game against Brazil to qualify.
The team could still have qualified for the last 16 with favourable results in other matches, but the other results went against Scotland, who were again eliminated at the group stage.
Euro 92.
The UEFA Euro 1992 qualifying campaign was unspectacular, but effective, allowing Scotland to make their first appearance in a European Championship Finals.
The Scotland fans won an award from UEFA for their superb behaviour in the tournament, which changed the stereotype that had been set by the Wembley pitch invasion of 1977.
1994 World Cup qualifying.
Scotland faced a tough group in the bid to qualify for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, as they were drawn with Italy, Portugal and Switzerland.
Scotland were playing away from their normal home stadium of Hampden Park because of redevelopment work for an all-seater stadium and were able to grind out goalless draws against both Italy and Portugal at Ibrox towards the end of 1992.
Ally McCoist broke his leg during the match, after which Roxburgh said "a team died out there".
The match itself is considered one of the worst results in the history of the national team.
There was an outcry about the standard.
I said it at that time, but only after another 20 years have passed do I feel that I can affect things, and performance director Brian McClair can affect things and the SFA can affect things".
Captain Richard Gough played his last match for the team, after he fell out with Roxburgh.
When Craig Brown was appointed as manager, Gough said he wanted to play for Scotland again, but Brown refused to bring him back and ended his international career.
It was a significant moment in Scottish football history because it meant that Scotland would not be at the World Cup for the first time since 1970.
Craig Brown.
After Andy Roxburgh resigned as manager, Craig Brown took control, initially as caretaker.
Scotland were well motivated to qualify for Euro 96 because of the failure to qualify for the World Cup and Euro 96 was to be held in England.
The team only lost once in the qualifying section.
Ally McCoist scored the only goal of the game, moments after coming on as a substitute, in what was his first match for his country since he had broken his leg in the thrashing by Portugal two years earlier.
Scotland's first match of the tournament was a goalless draw against Holland at Villa Park.
The next match was against England at Wembley, which was the first time that the sides had met since the annual fixture had stopped in 1989.
An Alan Shearer header early in the second half gave England the lead, but Scotland were awarded a penalty kick with less than 20 minutes left.
David Seaman saved Gary McAllister's penalty, and Paul Gascoigne scored a wonder goal minutes later to end the game as a contest.
Having looked like they were all but out of the tournament, Scotland were given hope of qualifying for the quarter-finals.
Patrick Kluivert then scored a goal for Holland that, in other circumstances have been no more than a late consolation, but it knocked Scotland out on goals scored.
Scotland moved onto the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifying section, where they earned a good position by beating qualification rivals Sweden and Austria at home.
During the section Scotland were part of an infamous incident, the "game that never was" against Estonia.
Estonia had refused to turn up for the kick-off on time, which had been rearranged due to the poor quality of the floodlights at the Kadrioru Stadium in Tallinn.
Scotland were drawn against defending champions Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup.
Scotland earned a favourable draw in qualifying for Euro 2000, having qualified for the previous two tournaments, but it proved to be a struggle.
Their first match ended in a goalless draw away against Lithuania.
Goalkeeper Jim Leighton retired from international football game after being blamed for the Estonian goals.
An embarrassing draw in the Faroe Islands followed.
It was a superb Wembley victory for Scotland, but it was a Pyrrhic victory as Scotland failed to qualify. 2000s.
After being unlucky in qualifying for Euro 2000, Scotland were nowhere near the play-off stage as they failed to qualify for the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
The team's failure to win against either Croatia or Belgium, their main rivals for qualification home or away was a key factor.
Lambert would be persuaded back by incoming manager Berti Vogts but not before Craig Brown officially resigned from his job after 8 years in charge.
Towards the end of his tenure, Brown was criticised by the media for persisting with an ageing core of players.
Berti Vogts.
The SFA hired the first ever foreign manager of the national team when they appointed former Germany manager Berti Vogts in February 2002.
Vogts signalled his intentions to blood young players after previous manager Craig Brown had stuck with the same group of players that he had inherited.
A number of friendly matches followed arranged in the first half of 2002, including a tour of the Far East.
Vogts' team started the qualifying section for UEFA Euro 2004 in the Faroe Islands.
Sportscene presenter Dougie Donnelly described the game at half-time as "perhaps the worst Scotland performance he had the displeasure of watching".
David Weir retired from international football after being criticised by Vogts for his poor performance.
Vogts also criticised Christian Dailly, but he decided to play on.
The Faroes disaster was still lingering in the minds of fans but Scotland would go on to finish second in their group to Germany to secure a play-off position for qualification for UEFA Euro 2004.
They defeated the Faroes in the return match, defeated Iceland home and away and drew with Germany at home.
Ruud van Nistelrooy scored a hat-trick as Scotland were swept aside.
Scotland lost two further friendlies against Romania and Denmark, but they did pick up wins over Estonia and Trinidad and Tobago at the end of the season.
Scotland's opening qualifier against Slovenia finished in a goalless draw.
In October 2004 Vogts announced his resignation, blaming the media for his departure.
Vogts did introduce a number of young players to the Scotland team, including Craig Gordon, Darren Fletcher and James McFadden.
He was, however, heavily criticised by the media for his "scattergun" approach to selection, naive tactics and taking Scotland to an all-time low in the FIFA rankings.
The Berti Vogts era in Scottish Football is looked back by many people as the worst period in Scotland's history but was not helped by a considerable lack of international-quality players available to him during his reign.
Vogts handed out an astonishing 40 debutants, trying to rebuild the side.
Walter Smith.
David Taylor appointed Walter Smith and Ally McCoist as the new management team in December 2004.
Smith convinced David Weir, who had played for Smith at Everton, to come out of international retirement.
Scotland played two low-key friendlies before a squad that was well below full strength went to Japan in May 2006 to take part in the Kirin Cup.
Scotland then kept out the hosts Japan to secure a goalless draw that won the trophy.
The results under Smith had given the country hope, but Scotland were given "one of the hardest groups" for UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying as they were entered into Group B with France, Italy and Ukraine.
The extraordinary difficulty of the group was confirmed when Ukraine reached the quarter-final of the 2006 World Cup, while France and Italy contested the final itself (which Italy won on penalties).
The defeat by Ukraine proved to be Walter Smith's final match in charge, as he returned to former club Rangers.
This left Scotland managerless with just over two months until the next matches against Georgia and Italy.
Former Rangers manager Alex McLeish was hotly tipped and supported by Alex Ferguson to become the new manager, although long-term Scotland assistant manager Tommy Burns was also thought to be in the running.
McLeish was appointed while Burns was not interviewed, which caused Burns to resign from his position.
Alex McLeish.
Alex McLeish was appointed Scotland manager on 29 January 2007, and he hired Roy Aitken and Andy Watson as his assistants.
McLeish's first match in charge was a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier against Georgia in March 2007.
In the 11th minute Kris Boyd scored to put Scotland in front.
Scotland continued their progress with wins over the Faroe Islands and Lithuania.
Instead of potentially just needing a draw from the final game at home to Italy to qualify, Scotland needed to win as a draw would leave them depending on other results.
Italy took an early lead and had chances to knock Scotland out early, but the team battled back with an equalising goal by Barry Ferguson.
Scotland then created chances to win the game, with James McFadden missing the best of them with just 10 minutes remaining.
As Scotland pressed in search of a winning goal, the Italians were controversially awarded a free kick in injury time that led to a winning goal for Italy.
After narrowly failing to qualify for Euro 2008, McLeish resigned to take the manager's job at Birmingham City.
George Burley.
Scotland's improved results in the last two campaigns meant the team were seeded second for 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying, and they were drawn with the Netherlands, Norway, Macedonia and Iceland.
Southampton manager George Burley was hired as the new manager, but the team failed to win three preparatory friendlies against Croatia, Czech Republic and Northern Ireland.
The next match was a goalless draw at home against Norway, during which debutant Chris Iwelumo missed an open goal from three yards. captain Barry Ferguson and goalkeeper Allan McGregor, who had both played in that match, were dropped for the following match against Iceland due to a "breach of discipline".
Nonetheless, Burley was allowed to continue in his post after a review by the SFA board.
Soon afterwards, joint assistant coach Steven Pressley stood down from his role to concentrate on his commitments with Falkirk.
Speaking after the campaign, Kenny Miller criticised the fixture schedule that had been agreed for the group, describing it as a "shambles".
The SFA sacked Burley on 16 November 2009. 2010s.
Craig Levein.
The SFA appointed Craig Levein as Scotland manager in December 2009.
In UEFA Euro 2012 qualification, Scotland were grouped with Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Czech Republic and world champions Spain.
They took just four points from the first four games, leaving the team needing three wins from their remaining four games to have a realistic chance of progression.
Levein left his position as head coach following a poor start to 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, having taken just two points from four games.
Gordon Strachan.
Gordon Strachan was appointed Scotland manager in January 2013, but defeats in his first two competitive matches meant that Scotland were the first UEFA team to be eliminated.
In their next competitive game, however, Scotland produced a surprise away victory against a Croatia (ranked fourth by FIFA at the time).
They also won the return match against Croatia and finished fourth in qualifying group A.
In UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, Scotland appeared to have a better chance of qualification as the finals tournament was expanded from 16 teams to 24, but were drawn in a tough group with Germany, Poland and Republic of Ireland.
After losing their opening match in Germany, Scotland recorded home wins against Georgia, Ireland and Gibraltar, and away draws against Poland and Ireland.
A home defeat by Germany left Scotland four points behind third-placed Ireland, with two games left to play.
In the penultimate matches of the group, Scotland needed to beat Poland, or hope that Ireland would lose to Germany.
A late scrambled goal by Robert Lewandowski gave Poland a draw that eliminated Scotland from contention.
Strachan bemoaned what he perceived to be bad luck.
After a win against Gibraltar in the last qualifier, Strachan agreed a new contract with the Scottish Football Association.
In qualification for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Scotland were drawn in the same group as England, facing their rivals in a competitive fixture for the first time since 1999.
A draw in Slovenia in the final game of the group ended Scottish hopes of a play-off position, and Strachan subsequently left his position by mutual consent.
Alex McLeish.
In February 2018, Alex McLeish was appointed manager for the second time. 2020s.
Steve Clarke.
Steve Clarke was appointed Scotland manager in May 2019.
The team failed to qualify automatically for UEFA Euro 2020, finishing a distant third behind Belgium and Russia.
The team then entered the playoffs, where consecutive victories in penalty shootouts against Israel and Serbia put Scotland into their first major tournament since 1998.
Varsha Varman (born 1 June 1994) is a professional Indian sport shooter.
She won the bronze medal at the 2014 Asian Games at Incheon in the women's double trap team event, along with Shagun Chowdhary and Shreyasi Singh.
Varman thus became the first sportsperson from Bhopal Madhya Pradesh to win a medal at the Asian Games.
She is a prodigy.
She is the only athlete from her state to have represented India at the Commonwealth Games.
Varsha studied at St. Joseph's Co-ed School, Bhopal.
She has been awarded the prestigious Eklvaya Award in 2013 and the Vikram Award in 2015 for her meritorious performances.
Education.
She had earlier pursued a law degree at the University of Warwick in UK, but moved to Harvard to be able to focus more on shooting.
Chilakaluripet is a city in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
It is the Mandal headquarters of Chilakaluripet Mandal in Narasaraopet Revenue Division.
Geography.
It is located in the Coastal Andhra region of the state at in the on the Eastern coastal plains.
The Town is located in zone 3 as per Earthquake zones of India.
Krishna River water from the Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal is the main source of water for the residents.
Demographics.
Census of India, the town had a population of 101,550.
The total population constitute, 50,201 males and 51,349 females.
Average sex ratio is 1023 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.
Civic administration.
Chilakaluripet Municipality was constituted in 1964 as a "third grade municipality", It was upgraded to "second grade" in 1980 and to "first grade" in 2001.
The jurisdiction of the municipality is spread over an area of with 38 wards.
Politics.
Chilakaluripet is a part of Chilakaluripet (Assembly constituency) for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
Vidadala Rajani is the present MLA of the constituency from YSRCP.
It comes under Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency) which was won by Lavu Srikrishna Devarayala of YSRCP Party.
Economy.
The municipality, along with Vijayawada and Guntur Municipal Corporations are a part of a 15 MW waste-to-energy plant project, planned to be set up with the collaboration of the "JITF Urban Infrastructure Limited".
Transport.
The town has no rail network and mostly depends on road connectivity.
National Highway 16 (India), a part of Golden Quadrilateral, passes through the city.
It has a total NH16 length of in the City , and total length of Roads in the City APSRTC operates buses from Chilakaluripet bus station.
The National Highway 16, which connects Metropolitan cities Kolkata and Chennai.
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the "School Education Department" of the state.
A Private English Medium School which was established long back at Chilakaluripet, Guntur in Andhra Pradesh, Recognised by Government of Andhra Pradesh.
History.
Thomas Jefferson Perkerson married Isabella Ferguson and settled on two Land Lots, numbers 103 and 104.
The Perkerson family owned 405 acres of land that was mostly used as a family farm.
These Land Lots were bounded by Lakewood Avenue on the south, Stewart Avenue (now Metropolitan Parkway) on the east, Sylvan Road on the west, and Deckner Avenue on the north.
In the late 1830s, the Perkerson Family built their home on this land, which land is now in the Sylvan Hills section (outside of the Capitol View Historic District).
The family home formerly stood at 552 Perkerson Road, which was continuously occupied by the family until 1934.
Thomas Jefferson Perkerson became the first sheriff of Fulton County, upon its creation in 1853 from DeKalb County.
His son, Angus M. Perkerson (1843-1895), served in the Confederate Army and then also later served as the sheriff of Fulton County from 1873 to 1883.
His son, also named Angus M. Perkerson, became the editor of the Atlanta Journal Magazine.
Thomas Jefferson and Isabella Perkerson had seven children.
One of their daughters, Matilda "Till," married Jeremiah Silas Gilbert (1839-1932), a son of the first practicing physician ever to live in what is now Fulton County, and lived in the Gilbert House which is now a City of Atlanta Landmark Site, at 2238 Perkerson Road.
Another daughter, Elizabeth "Lizzie," married Sumner E. Butler from New York and returned to live in the Perkerson home in her later years.
On December 2, 1864 Elizabeth (Lizzie) wrote a letter to her brother Angus while he was in the Confederate Army, at that time located in Virginia.
The letter relates how the Perkerson family stayed in their house during the war and interacted with both Union and Confederate soldiers in order to save their family and home.
All the public buildings are gone except the City Hall.
The district became much smaller after the Civil War due to the continued growth of Atlanta.
In 1944, 315 acres of the Perkerson estate were sold for subdivision purposes, some ten years after the death of Lizzie Perkerson Butler, who was the last family member to live in the old house.
The part of the estate sold off in 1944 included the 50 acres that now make up Perkerson Park, which park was donated by the Perkerson Family to the City of Atlanta.
Perkerson Park is located at 770 Deckner Avenue SW.
The park was created circa 1952 by the City of Atlanta and is a contributing property to the city.
It is the largest green space and only public park in the Capitol View Historic District.
It covers approximately 50 acres in the southwest portion of the district and serves as a community public space.
The recreation building therein is used for multiple purposes, such as continuing education, neighborhood meetings, and also as the local polling facility.
The park has a sculpture which was created circa 1985 by Toby Martin, and is entitled "My Spirit is Changing."
Perkerson Park is both an active and a passive park.
This area of the park is a good area to relax and escape from the activity of the rest of the park.
Splashpad.
In May 2012, the splash pad opened in Perkerson Park.
Thanks to joint efforts from Councilmember Joyce Sheperd, the Department of Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs, and the Atlanta BeltLine, neighborhood children now have a fun place to cool off on hot summer days.
The splashpad is open daily, 10 a.m. until 8 p.m., from May 1 through October 1.
Disc Golf Course.
Perkerson Park is the site of the only permanent public disc golf course in the city of Atlanta.
Perkerson is a championship caliber course and one of metro Atlanta's most scenic, most challenging, and longest length courses with several par 4's and a par 5.
Plays through a mature hardwood forest and along a rock-lined stream with hilly terrain.
Dual teepads on all but one hole.
Every teepad has its own sign.
The short pads (red) cater to rec and intermediate skill level and the long pads (black) cater to advanced skill level.
Future Expansion.
The Perkerson Park Master Plan identifies three vacant parcels well suited for park expansion.
The parcels are just south of the existing park boundary, and would extend the park to Casplan Street near the intersection of Metropolitan Parkway.
The total park expansion area is roughly 10.5 acres.
He was born the son of Sir Giles Capell of Rayne, Essex.
His grandfather was Sir William Capel, twice Lord Mayor of London.
He inherited his Ubley estate on the death of his mother c.1512.
He was knighted in 1533 of the occasion of the coronation of Anne Boleyn.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Somerset in 1547.
He married Anne Manners, daughter of Anne St. Leger and George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros.
They had several children who died in his lifetime.
He died in London in 1558 and was buried at St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange alongside his grandfather.
Denmark Presbyterian Church (The Denmark Church) is a historic church on Jackson-Denmark Road in Denmark, Tennessee.
It is a two-story gable-front frame building with Greek Revival architectural elements.
Living Ornaments '79 and '80 is a box set by English musician Gary Numan that was released in April 1981.
The box-set contains the two live albums "Living Ornaments '79" and "Living Ornaments '80" which were also released separately in April 1981.
Although "Living Ornaments '79" and "Living Ornaments '80" only reached numbers 47 and 39 on the UK Albums Chart respectively, the box set reached number two.
Track listing.
Dartford Urban District was a local authority in Kent, England.
It was appointed in 1894 to provide local government to Dartford town and its immediate environs including, from 1925, Dartford Heath.
It replaced the Dartford Local Board, and had fifteen councillor seats.
He donated land to the district, which became Hesketh Park in 1904.
They built a power station in Priory Road for the town in 1901, and on 14 February 1906 opened the Dartford Council Light Railways tram system, which operated until November 1935 when trams were replaced by a fleet of trolleybuses.
The council maintained the local sewage works and marketed dried sludge from it as agricultural fertiliser.
The authority was perhaps the first United Kingdom council to lend its support to the establishment of specialist state-run clinics for the treatment of babies and children under five to combat the then high infant mortality rate in Britain.
The Urban District Council held its last meeting on 4 October 1933.
Due to the size of South Africa, the competition was split into nine divisions, one for each region.
The 1980 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 4, 1980.
All 50 states and The District of Columbia were part of the 1980 United States presidential election.
State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Nevada was won by Former California Governor Ronald Reagan (R), who won the state with a 36-point landslide.
Starting with this election, the winner of every presidential election won Nevada, until 2016.
The Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis is a scientific journal that is devoted to research in mechanics as a deductive, mathematical science.
The current editors in chief of the journal are Felix Otto and Vladimir Sverak.
Karel Aldair Espino Contreras (born 27 October 2001) is a Cuban professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga Nacional club Comunicaciones and the Cuba national team.
International career.
Early and personal life.
Bitton was born and raised in Ashdod, Israel, to a family of both Sephardi Jewish and Mizrahi Jewish descent.
He was enlisted and served as a soldier in the Israel Defense Forces.
Club career.
SC Ashdod.
Bitton broke into the senior team of his home-town club SC Ashdod at the age of 17 in an Israeli Premier League match on 25 April 2009, and went on to make over 120 appearances.
Celtic.
He made his debut for the club on 18 September, in a Champions League group stage match against AC Milan, coming into the game as a late substitute in the 89th minute.
Three weeks later he made another Champions League appearance for Celtic, coming as a 77th-minute substitute against Ajax on 22 October, but was sent off eleven minutes later for a late tackle on Thulani Serero.
The resulting suspension and a few niggling injuries hindered Bitton's efforts to establish himself in the team, but he still managed to make a total of 20 appearances for Celtic by the end of his first season there.
Celtic won their third successive league title, and Bitton's 15 league appearances saw him pick up his first major honour.
Celtic winger Derk Boerrigter was later given a 3-match ban for simulation.
Later in the season, Bitton scored a stunning 30-yard goal against Dundee.
On 2 November 2015, Bitton was signed a new contract which would keep him at Celtic until the summer of 2020, and again on 16 December 2019 he extended his contract up to 2023.
On 13 May 2022, Celtic announced that Bitton and teammate Tom Rogic would both be leaving the club after the final game of the season against Motherwell.
I have worked with some great managers and team-mates and I thank them all for those times and all we achieved together."
Rogic and Bitton brought out the Scottish Premiership trophy together, which McGregor then lifted aloft with his departing teammates standing on either side.
Bitton also occasionally captained Celtic.
Maccabi Tel Aviv.
On 1 July 2022, Bitton joined Israeli Premier League club Maccabi Tel Aviv on a free transfer, signing a two-year contract with an option for a third year.
The player thus returned to Israel after spending nine years in Scotland.
International career.
In 2009, Bitton represented his native Israel at the 2009 Maccabiah Games, and the team won a bronze medal.
He played for the only Israel U-21 team to qualify for the UEFA European U21 Championship in 2013.
He made his senior debut for Israel in a friendly match against Uruguay on 26 May 2010.
Bitton played a major role in qualifying games for the 2016 UEFA Euro Tournament.
Ever since 23 March 2016, Bitton is being used as a second or a third Captain for the senior Israel national team.
Honours.
Klaus-Christian Kleinfeld (born 6 November 1957 in Bremen, Germany) is the former chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Arconic.
Kleinfeld is former chairman and CEO of Alcoa Inc., and former president and CEO of Siemens AG.
Kleinfeld stepped down as chairman and CEO of Arconic on 17 April 2017.
In October 2017, he was named director of Saudi Arabia's Neom initiative.
It was announced in July 2018 that Kleinfeld would be promoted from director of Neom to advisor of Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman on 1 August 2018, and that Nadhmi Al-Nasr would succeed him as director of Neom.
In August 2007, Kleinfeld was appointed COO of New York, NY-based Alcoa Inc.
In May 2008, Kleinfeld was appointed CEO of Alcoa, succeeding Alain Belda.
In April 2010, Kleinfeld was named chairman of Alcoa and continued to serve as CEO and chairman of the board until his resignation in April 2017.
Kleinfeld served as CEO of Munich, Germany-based Siemens AG from January 2005 until July 2007.
Kleinfeld's efforts to modernize the company led to conflict with defenders of Siemens' traditional business culture.
However, the company's financial performance flourished.
Previously, Kleinfeld transformed Siemens Management Consulting into an effective partner for the global businesses.
He contributed significantly to the profitable turnaround of Siemens' regional business in the U.S.
In 2006, a German government investigation uncovered slush funds in secret bank accounts maintained by Siemens in order to win contracts.
Investigators found no evidence of wrongdoing by Kleinfeld and no charges were brought against him.
In 2009, Kleinfeld, along with other former top Siemens executives, agreed to pay Siemens a sum to settle a related civil matter.
In June 2007, Kleinfeld left Siemens, citing uncertainty about his future with the company after divisions among Siemens board members concerning the extension of his contract became public.
Kleinfeld started his career in 1982 by joining a marketing consulting firm.
Early life and education.
Klaus-Christian Kleinfeld was born on 6 November 1957 in Bremen, Germany.
Career.
In 1982, Kleinfeld began his career as a marketing consultant.
In 1986, he joined Ciba-Geigy, a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland, where he was a product manager in the company's pharmaceutical division.
Siemens AG.
In 1987, Kleinfeld joined Munich-based Siemens AG, a global engineering and technology services firm based in the U.S. and Germany.
His first position was in the company's corporate sales and marketing unit, where he worked as a marketing research manager.
In 1990, he founded and led Siemens Management Consulting, an internal global partner for Siemens' businesses with a major role in the restructuring of many Siemens' business units around the world.
In January 2001, Kleinfeld was promoted to chief operating officer (COO) of Siemens USA.
The recession in the U.S. had adversely impacted profits and Kleinfeld conceived a radical strategy to improve the performance of Siemens' operating companies.
He also sought to fix, sell or close operations of recently acquired companies and create new cross-selling opportunities.
From January 2005 to June 2007, Kleinfeld served as CEO of Siemens USA.
In January 2004, Kleinfeld was appointed to Siemens' corporate executive committee.
Also in 2004, Kleinfeld was appointed vice president of Siemens AG.
In 2004, Kleinfeld advocated for a customer- and shareholder-focused corporate culture, pressuring German unions to loosen labor rules and extend the German work week from 35 to 40 hours, with no additional pay.
Kleinfeld said that German workers "have to adjust and understand what the world is like" to remain competitive.
Two years later, sales had increased 16 percent, profits rose 35 percent, and shares rose 40 percent.
In January 2005 he was named CEO, succeeding Heinrich von Pierer.
Kleinfeld's plan to modernize the company led to conflict with defenders of Siemens' traditional business culture.
Because of the traditional two-tier German governance structure, a supervisory board that included union and shareholder representatives balked at Kleinfeld's restructuring plans.
While his strategies were generally viewed positively by the worldwide financial press, Kleinfeld was criticized by German media, mainly for a perceived lack of social responsibility pertaining to Siemens workers.
Prior to his role as CEO, Kleinfeld led Siemens Management Consulting as a partner for the global businesses, contributing significantly to the profitable turnaround of Siemens' regional business in the U.S. By April 2007, all Siemens Groups had reached or exceeded target margins for the first time.
Bribery investigation.
In November 2006, a fraud investigation by the German government became public.
The investigation later found that Siemens maintained slush funds in secret bank accounts outside Germany that the company used to win contracts.
Once the investigation became public, Kleinfeld hired outside legal and auditing experts to conduct an independent investigation and revamp the company's internal accounting and control practices and eliminate potential improper practices.
The independent investigation later found that the company paid hundreds of millions of dollars in bribes, which were legal in Germany until 1999, but that there were "no indications of personal misconduct or that Kleinfeld had any knowledge of events" related to the scandal.
Corruption charges were brought against Siemens by the SEC.
Kleinfeld and other former Siemens executives and board members were accused of "failing to prevent corruption".
No charges were brought against Kleinfeld and the Department of Justice cited Siemens' cooperation and the independent investigation initiated by Kleinfeld as factors for reducing Siemens' monetary penalty.
In June 2007, Kleinfeld left Siemens, citing uncertainty about his future with the company after divisions among Siemens board members concerning the extension of his contract became public.
In September 2009, Siemens threatened to sue Kleinfeld and other former executives for supervisory failings and extended a settlement offer to compensate the company for millions of dollars in fines and damage to its "reputation."
Kleinfeld agreed to settle the matter for 2 million euros.
Alcoa and Arconic.
In August 2007, Alcoa appointed Kleinfeld president.
In May 2008, he was named CEO, succeeding Alain J. P. Belda.
In April 2010, Kleinfeld was named chairman of Alcoa.
In 2012, Kleinfeld began closing a number of costly, outdated smelting facilities.
In 2013, he cited a backlog in aerospace manufacturing and an increasing demand for lightweight aluminum products in the automotive and construction industries due to a "historic shift" toward fuel and energy efficiency.
Kleinfeld led diversification of the company with the additions of lightweight multi-materials technology, engineering and manufacturing, and directed the acquisition of three companies to position Alcoa to the aerospace business.
He implemented a strategy to reduce the company's reliance on commodities, overseeing its rise to become a global leader in lightweight metals, and increasing its reputation for manufacturing innovation.
On 1 November 2016, Alcoa fully separated its raw aluminum operation from business units that supply the aerospace and automotive markets.
The spin-off retained is a newly created company Alcoa Corp. Kleinfeld remained as Arconic's chairman and CEO following the split.
STEM education initiatives.
Under Kleinfeld's direction, Alcoa has supported STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) workforce development initiatives to train and educate students and teachers globally.
A July 2012 op-ed piece co-authored by Kleinfeld and Richard Haass, president of the Council on Foreign Relations, proposed closer business and government collaboration to narrow the STEM skills gap between the labor market and manufacturers.
In September 2013, President Obama appointed Kleinfeld to the President's Advanced Manufacturing Partnership Steering Committee 2.0 for Alcoa's continuing efforts to maintain U.S. leadership in emerging technologies.
Resignation from Arconic.
On 31 January 2017, the hedge fund Elliott Management Corporation launched a proxy contest against the company.
Elliott publicly called for the firing of Kleinfeld, citing the company's lackluster stock performance, missed profit forecasts, and inefficient spending.
On 17 April 2017, Kleinfeld resigned as chairman and CEO by mutual agreement with the board of Arconic, after sending an unauthorized letter to Elliott.
Klaus Kleinfeld founded together with Partners the SPAC "Constellation" which was listed on the NYSE in 2021.
He founded his own investment company "K2 Elevation" which invests in and develops international enterprises in the technology and biotech segment.
Currently its portfolio consists of activities in Germany, Austria, and the US. he advises a number of corporations as well as different organizations.
Boards.
He is a member of the Bilderberg Group Steering Committee, the Brookings Institution Board of Trustees, the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum, the Board of the World Economic Forum USA, and the Metropolitan Opera Advisory Board.
In 2009, Kleinfeld was named chairman of the board of the U.S.-Russia Business Council (USRBC), which promotes trade and investment between the U.S. and Russia.
In 2013, Kleinfeld joined the U.S.-China Business Council Board of Directors and is a member of the Chinese Premier's Global CEO Advisory Council.
Previously, Kleinfeld served on the supervisory board of Bayer AG from 2005 to 2014, was a director of Citigroup Inc. from 2005 to 2007, and served as a member of the Managing Board of Siemens AG from 2004 to 2007.
Mr. Kleinfeld also served on the Board of Directors of Morgan Stanley and Hewlett Packard Enterprise until April 2017.
He is a member of the supervisory boards of NEOM, Konux and Ferolabs.
Kleinfeld is Honorary Senator of the Lindau Nobel Laureates Meeting and a member of the board of the Metropolitan Opera, New York.
Awards and recognition.
In December 2014, Kleinfeld received a Legend in Leadership Award from the Yale Chief Executive Leadership Institute.
Also in December 2014, Kleinfeld received a Dwight D. Eisenhower Global Leadership Award from the Business Council for International Understanding.
In May 2014, Kleinfeld was named CEO of the Year at the 2014 Platts Global Metals Awards.
Personal life.
Kleinfeld resides in New York with his wife, Birgit, and two children.
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "SULT2B1" gene.
Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic chemical compounds.
These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities.
The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members.
This gene sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone but not 4-nitrophenol, a typical substrate for the phenol and estrogen sulfotransferase subfamilies.
Street newspapers (or street papers) are newspapers or magazines sold by homeless or poor individuals and produced mainly to support these populations.
Most such newspapers primarily provide coverage about homelessness and poverty-related issues, and seek to strengthen social networks within homeless communities.
Street papers aim to give these individuals both employment opportunities and a voice in their community.
In addition to being sold by homeless individuals, many of these papers are partially produced and written by them.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries several publications by charity, religious, and labor organizations tried to draw attention to the homeless, but street newspapers only became common after the founding of New York City's "Street News" in 1989.
Similar papers are now published in over 30 countries, with most located in the United States and Western Europe.
They are supported by governments, charities, and coalitions such as the International Network of Street Papers and the North American Street Newspaper Association.
Although street newspapers have multiplied, many still face challenges, including funding shortages, unreliable staff and difficulty in generating interest and maintaining an audience.
These differences have caused controversy among street newspaper publishers over what type of material should be covered and to what extent the homeless should participate in writing and production.
One popular street newspaper, "The Big Issue", has been a focus of this controversy because it concentrates on attracting a large readership through coverage of mainstream issues and popular culture, whereas other newspapers emphasize homeless advocacy and social issues and earn less of a profit.
History.
Historical foundations.
"The War Cry" was sold by Salvation Army officers and the working poor to draw people's attention to the poor living conditions of these individuals.
Another precursor to the modern street newspaper was Cincinnati's "Hobo News", which ran from 1915 to 1930 and featured writing from prominent labor and social activists as well as Industrial Workers of the World members, alongside contributions of oral history, creative writing, and artwork from hoboes, or itinerant beggars.
Most street papers published before 1970, such as "The Catholic Worker" (founded in 1933), were affiliated with religious organizations.
Like workers' papers and other forms of alternative media in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, early street newspapers were often created because the founders believed mainstream news did not cover issues that were relevant to ordinary people.
Modern street newspapers.
Modern street newspapers began to emerge in the United States in the late 1980s in response to increasing levels of homelessness and homeless advocates' dissatisfaction with the mainstream media's portrayals of the homeless.
At the time, many media outlets portrayed homeless people as being all criminals and drug addicts, and suggested that homelessness was a result of laziness rather than societal or political factors.
Thus, one motivation for the creation of the first street newspapers was to counter the negative coverage of homeless people that was coming from existing media.
"Street News," founded in late 1989 in New York City, is frequently cited as the first modern street newspaper.
While some small papers were already being published when it was founded, "Street News" attracted the most attention and became the "catalyst" for many other papers.
Many more street papers were launched in the early 1990s, crediting the high-profile New York paper as their inspiration, such as "Spare Change News" in Boston founded in 1992.
During this period, an average of five new papers were created every year.
By 2008, an estimated 32 million people worldwide read street newspapers, and 250,000 poor, disadvantaged, or homeless individuals sold or contributed to them.
Street papers have been started in many major cities worldwide, mainly in the United States and Western Europe.
They have especially proliferated in Germany, which in 1999 had more street newspapers than the rest of Europe combined, and in Sweden, where the street papers "Aluma", "Situation Sthlm" and "Faktum" won the 2006 grand prize award for journalism of the Swedish Publicists' Association.
Street papers have been established in some cities in Canada, Africa, South America, and Asia.
Even within the United States, some street newspapers (such as Chicago's bilingual "Hasta Cuando") are published in languages other than English.
In the mid-1990s, coalitions were established to strengthen the street newspaper movement.
The International Network of Street Papers (INSP) (founded in 1994) and the North American Street Newspaper Association (NASNA) (founded in 1997) aim to provide support for street papers and to "uphold ethical standards".
In particular, the INSP was established to help groups that were starting new street newspapers, to bring more mainstream media attention to the street newspaper movement during the 1990s, and to support interaction and cross-talk between street paper publishers and staff from different countries.
National street paper coalitions have also been formed in Europe (there is a national coalition in Italy, and the Netherlands has the "Straatmedia Groep Nederland").
Description.
The precise demographics of the readership of street newspapers is unclear.
A pair of 1993 surveys conducted by Chicago's "StreetWise" suggested that the paper's readers at the time tended to be college-educated, with slightly over half being female, and slightly over half unmarried.
Operations and business.
The income vendors earn from sales is intended to help them "get back on their feet".
The purpose of requiring vendors to purchase papers up front and earn back the money by selling them is to help them develop skills in financial management.
Vendors for most newspapers are identifiable by badges or messenger bags.
Many newspapers require that vendors sign a code of conduct or otherwise "clean up their act".
Most street newspaper vendors in the United States and United Kingdom are homeless individuals, although in several other countries (especially in Europe) papers are mainly sold by refugees.
In general, the major American street newspapers do not require prospective vendors to show proof of homelessness or poverty, and they do not require vendors to retire once they find stable housing.
These vendors are often well-educated and have extensive work experience, but lost their jobs.
Street papers start in a variety of ways.
Some, such as "Street Sense", are begun by homeless or formerly homeless individuals, whereas others are more professional ventures.
Many, particularly in the United States, receive aid from local government and charities, and coalitions such as the International Network of Street Papers and the North American Street Newspaper Association provide workshops and support for new street papers.
Many develop in a bottom-up fashion, starting up through volunteer work and "newcomers to the media business" and gradually expanding to include professionals.
For most papers, the majority of revenue comes from sales, donations, and government grants, while some receive advertising revenue from local businesses.
There has been some disagreement among street newspaper publishers and supporters over whether papers should accept advertising, with some arguing that advertising is practical and helps support the paper, and others claiming that many kinds of advertisements are inappropriate in a paper that is mainly geared towards the poor.
Specific business models for street newspapers vary widely, ranging from vendor-managed papers that place the highest value upon homeless empowerment and involvement to highly professionalized and commercialized weeklies.
Some papers (especially in Europe) operate as autonomous businesses, while others operate as parts of existing organizations or projects.
There are papers that are very successful, such as the UK-based "The Big Issue", which in 2001 sold nearly 300,000 copies a week and earned the equivalent of 1 millionUSD in profits, but many papers sell as few as 3,000 copies a month and barely generate a profit at all for the publishers.
Coverage.
Most street newspapers report on issues regarding homelessness and poverty, sometimes functioning as a main source of information on policy changes and other practical issues that are relevant to the homeless but may go unreported in mainstream media.
Many feature contributions from the homeless and the poor in addition to articles by activists and community organizers, including profiles of individual street newspaper vendors.
For example, the first edition of Washington, D.C.'s "Street Sense" included a description of a prominent homeless community, an interview with a congresswoman, an editorial about the costs and benefits of taking a job, several poems about homelessness, a how-to column, and a section for recipes.
According to Howley, street newspapers are similar to citizen journalism in that both are a response to the perceived shortcomings of the mainstream media and both encourage involvement by non-professionals.
A major difference between the two, however, is that the citizen journalism movement does not necessarily advocate a particular position, whereas street newspapers openly advocate for the homeless and poor.
Unlike most street newspapers, the UK-based "The Big Issue" focuses mostly on celebrity news and interviews, rather than coverage of homelessness and poverty.
It is still sold by homeless vendors and uses the bulk of its proceeds to support homeless individuals and advocacy organizations for the homeless, but the paper's content is mostly written by professional staff and geared towards a broad audience.
Because of its professional nature and high production values, it has been a frequent target of criticism in an ongoing debate between adherents of professional and grassroots ideals of how street newspapers should work.
Social benefits.
In addition to providing some individuals with income and employment, street newspapers are intended to give homeless participants responsibility and independence, and to create a tight-knit homeless community.
Many offer additional programs to vendors, such as job training, housing placement assistance, and referral to other direct services.
Most are engaged in some form of organizing and advocacy regarding homelessness and poverty, and many function as "watchdogs" for the local homeless communities.
Howley has described street newspapers as a means of mobilizing the networks of "formal and informal relationships that exist between the homeless, the unemployed, and the working poor, and shelter managers, healthcare workers, community organizers, and others who work on their behalf".
Challenges and criticisms.
In the early days of street newspapers, people were often reluctant to buy from homeless vendors for fear that they were being scammed.
Furthermore, many of the more activist papers fail to sell well because their writing and production are perceived to be unprofessional and lackluster.
Topics covered are sometimes seen as lacking newsworthy content, and of little relevance or interest to the general public or the homeless community.
Organizations in Montreal and San Francisco have responded to these criticisms by offering workshops in writing and journalism for homeless contributors.
Papers such as "StreetWise" have in the past been criticized as "grim" and for having vendors that are too loud and intrusive.
Some newspapers sell well but may not be widely read, as many people will donate to vendors without buying, or buy the newspaper and then throw it away.
Howley has described readers' hesitance or unwillingness to read the papers as "compassion fatigue".
On the other hand, those papers that do sell well and are widely read, such as "The Big Issue", are often targets of criticism for being too "mainstream" or commercial.
Other difficulties street newspapers face include high turnover of "transient" or unreliable staff, lack of adequate funding, lack of journalistic freedom for papers that are funded by local government, and, among some demographics, lack of interest in homeless issues.
For example, journalism professor Jim Cunningham has attributed the difficulties in selling Calgary's "Calgary Street Talk" to the fact that the mostly middle-class, conservative population has "not enough sensitivity to the causes of homelessness".
Differing approaches.
Among proponents and publishers of street newspapers there is disagreement over how street newspapers should be run and what their goals should be, reflecting a "clash between two philosophies for advocating social change".
Timothy Harris, the director of "Real Change", has described the two camps as "liberal entrepreneurial" and "radical, grassroots activist".
Controversy surrounding "The Big Issue", the world's most widely circulated street newspaper, is a good example of these two schools of thought.
In the late 1990s when the London-based paper began making plans to enter markets in the United States, many American street newspaper publishers reacted defensively, saying they could not compete with the production values and mainstream appeal of the professionally produced "The Big Issue" or that "The Big Issue" did not do enough to provide a voice to the homeless.
The reaction to "The Big Issue" raised what is now an ongoing conflict between commercialized, professional papers and more grassroots-style ones, with papers such as "The Big Issue" emulating mainstream papers and magazines in order to generate a large profit to invest in homeless issues and others focusing on political and social issues rather than on content that will generate money.
Some street newspaper proponents believe that the primary aim of the papers should be to give homeless individuals a voice and to "fill the void" in mainstream media coverage, whereas others believe it should be to provide homeless individuals with jobs and an income.
Eric Shaw (born 1973) is an American television writer whose credits include Nickelodeon's "SpongeBob SquarePants".
Originally from Jericho, NY, he attended Jericho High School and graduated from Columbia University.
He is known for writing on "SpongeBob SquarePants" seasons five and six.
As a staff writer, Shaw had written 10 "SpongeBob" episodes.
In 2007, Shaw served as the President of the International Jury at the Cartoons on the Bay Animation Festival in Salerno, Italy.
Shaw was Head Writer on the PBS animated series "WordGirl" starring Tom Kenny, Maria Bamford, Patton Oswalt, Jeffrey Tambor, and others.
Shaw ran the writing on Season 5 (26 episodes), from Soup2Nuts's Watertown, Mass studio.
Bleeding Art Industries is an entertainment production company focused on creative content production, special effects, custom fabrication, product sales, and equipment rentals.
It is based out of Calgary, Canada.
The company is known for its work in the film, television, performing arts, themed exhibit, military simulation, and live event industries.
Bleeding Art Industries was founded by Leo Wieser in 2002.
History.
Founded in late 1994 as a sole proprietorship and incorporated in 2002, Bleeding Art Industries (BAI) originally focused on theatrical design work, with Founder Leo Wieser working as a contractor, designing costumes, sets, and lighting for theatre and performing arts companies across Canada, and touring worldwide with puppeteer Ronnie Burkett.
After working for a local pyrotechnics company, where he designed and implemented pyro displays, Wieser began doing mechanical special effects for films.
BAI has since specialized primarily in special effects including pyrotechnics and other atmospheric effects, and has expanded over the years into providing creature and character effects, themed exhibits, custom props, and sculptures.
The company also has a sales and rentals division, selling film production supplies, special effects make-up, and selling and renting special effects equipment.
It manufactures and sells its own line of bloods, gelatin and gelatin appliances, snow, and other special effects make-up products.
BAI has established itself as a high quality provider of special effects services and expendables for the Canadian market.
The company began a production division around 2010 under which it creates and produces its own content.
Its first film - Skeleton Girl - is the first Canadian film shot in stereoscopic 3D and stop motion animation.
It premiered in New York in April 2012.
Damon Slye (born June 15, 1962) is a computer game designer, director, and programmer.
In 1984 he founded Dynamix with Jeff Tunnell in Eugene, Oregon.
He is best known for creating the historic flight simulations "Red Baron", "A-10 Tank Killer", and "Aces of the Pacific".
Slye's first product was "Stellar 7", an action game for the Apple II which used 3D wireframe graphics.
He followed it up with "Arcticfox", the first original title Electronic Arts published for the new Amiga computer.
In 1994 Slye left Dynamix and the game industry, saying that he wanted a "sabbatical" to study math and physics as well as "playing chess, and skiing, and playing basketball, and doing a lot of reading", but expected to be "building products again" in a year.
Digital Webbing is an American comic book publishing company founded by Ed Dukeshire.
History.
Digital Webbing's core publication, "Digital Webbing Presents", begun in 2001, is a 32- to 56-page anthology title featuring stories from new creators generally culled from Digital Webbing's website community.
The content covers a variety of genres from horror to comedy, and has included such superhero features as "Fist of Justice".
It discharges into the Jiu in Turceni.
Its length is and its basin size is .
The 1957 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference.
Anna's Cay is a small cay in the Abaco chain of the Bahamas.
It resides at the entrance to the North End public dock on Elbow Cay near Hopetown.
He is known for his architectural paintings, capricci, compositions with figures among ruins, and some "vedute".
He worked in Naples throughout his career.
Life.
Details about his life are scarce.
He is believed to have been born in Naples in 1621.
When the architectural painter Viviano Codazzi took up residence in Naples in 1634, Luciano was just 13 years old.
It is believed that Luciano trained with Codazzi before Codazzi left Naples around 1650.
The basis for the assumption is that Luciano's early works are very close in style to those of Codazzi to the point of often being confused with works of his presumed master.
In 1665 Luciano became a member of the Congregation of painters of Ss.
Anna and Luca.
Luciano lived until a very old age and died in Naples on 18 August 1706.
Work.
Luciano was a specialist of architectural paintings, capricci, compositions with figures among ruins, and some "vedute".
In these works he displayed his thorough knowledge of perspective.
His late works are often signed.
There remain problems and controversies regarding attributions of certain works to Luciano as well as to whether he executed certain works entirely by himself or collaborated with specialised staffage painters for the figures in his architectural scenes.
For instance, in the (private collection) some art historians see the hand of Luca Giordano or Giuseppe Simonelli while others ascribe the work entirely to Luciano.
The type of decorative architectural paintings that Luciano created represents a genre that became popular in mid-17th century Rome.
Art historians interpret the growing popularity of the architectural piece in 17th century Italy as the result of a shift of patronage from 'committente' to 'acquirente', that is, from painting on commission to painting on the open market.
Architectural canvases were particularly welcome within the typical 17th-century decorative ensemble, where walls were completely covered with paintings of various types and sizes.
The architectural piece lent variety to such ensembles by introducing the strong verticals and horizontals of its subject matter.
The roots of this type of vedute can be found in 16th-century painting, and in particular in the architectural settings that were painted as the framework of large-scale frescoes and ceiling decorations known as "quadratura".
These architectural elements gained prominence in 17th-century painting to become stand-alone subjects of easel paintings.
A number of artists practiced this genre.
Codazzi was an important inventor of the genre.
Alessandro Salucci was a prominent contemporary practitioner of the genre whose work was influenced by Codazzi.
A contemporary practitioner in Naples was Gennaro Greco.
Luciano's work was originally very close to that of his presumed master Codazzi.
This earned him the nickname 'Pseudo-Codazzi'.
There was a difference with Codazzi in that Luciano's works were more narrative and less dramatic.
Luciano was less concerned with accurate architectural rendering, in the tradition of quadratura.
His interest lay in creating colorful effects.
While Luciano incorporated, like Codazzi, Bamboccianti genre elements of daily life, he softened the more realistic approach of the Bamboccianti and their indecorous aspects.
Luciano's style combined genre aspects with the elegance of Classicism, ennobled by sumptuous fancy architectures.
His mature works anticipate 18th-century developments.
It is these characteristics which attracted the attention of travelers on their Grand Tour, as it offered a mirror of the daily life in Rome while also expressing the monumentality of historic Rome.
Luciano also occasionally depicted in his architectural settings scenes from the Bible including "The Massacre of the Innocents" and "Christ Expelling the Money-changers from the Temple".
Ascanio Luciano often used the motif of arcades, which are developed in both directions into a forest of columns.
This motif has been called the hypostyle hall motif.
The reception of Luciano's work by art critics has been mixed.
In the early 18th century Bernardo de' Dominici considered Luciano a 'mediocre perspective painter but fortunate in his time who could demand a high price for touching up paintings'.
Biography.
Clay was born in 1797, and, having been ordained deacon in 1823 by John Fisher, Bishop of Salisbury, became curate of Greenwich.
He was ordained priest in the following year by William Howley, Bishop of London.
He was curate of Paddington in 1830, and of Blunham, Bedfordshire, in 1834.
In 1835 he took the degree of B.D.
In 1842 he was instituted to the perpetual curacy of Holy Trinity, Ely, and was collated in 1854 by Thomas Turton, bishop of Ely, to the vicarage of Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, where he died on 26 April 1867.
Works.
Clay published several parochial histories, as well as commentaries and editions of Anglican liturgical texts.
The 1993 San Marino Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Centro Tennis Cassa de Risparmio in the City of San Marino, San Marino that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1993 WTA Tour.
It was the third and last edition of the WTA San Marino and was held from 26 July until 1 August 1993.
Finals.
He was a noted industrialist, philanthropist and vocal supporter of Hindu philosophy.
Life.
He started his business career at an early age, joining his father Baldeodas Birla in Calcutta and soon came to be known as reputed trader and speculator in opium, silver, spice and other trades from which Birlas later diversified into trading of jute and other items like cotton during and after World War I, by which time his younger brother Ghanshyam Das Birla had also joined the business.
The family firm, which was till 1918 was run as Baldeodas Jugalkishore, was made into limited company known as Birla Brothers Limited.
When at one point of time in early career of his life Ghanshyam Das Birla, suffered heavy losses and had decided to sell the mill to Andrew Yule group, Jugal Kishore stood by him and told him not to worry about money but to run the mill as efficiently as he could, which led to revival of Birla Jute, now the flagship company of Aditya Birla Group.
Although Jugal Kishore started his business life from Calcutta, later he shifted to Delhi and lived in Birla House till his death.
Lakshmi Niwas Birla eldest son of G D Birla was adopted by him.
Philanthropist.
Having no children, Jugal Kishore Birla devoted much time and money to charity, building numerous temples, the Kolkata Medical College, Marwadi Balika Vidyalaya in Kolkata for girls, and numerous other such institutions.
A devout Hindu, Jugal Kishore Birla was also the moving force behind the building of many of the early Birla Mandirs across India, including the first in Delhi, and those in Kolkata and Bhopal.
Supporting Gaushalas (cow shelters) and pinjrapols (animal and bird feeding mangers) was another cause dear to his heart.
He also donated money to various Hindu causes and organisations, including Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
He was devoted follower of Mahatma Gandhi and took personal interest also apart from donating funds for relief and charity works.
He spent much of his personal wealth in building Hindu temples known as Birla Temples and dharamshalas across major metropolitan towns of India and promotion of schools and universities and hospitals. and adopting many villages in times of famine and natural disasters.
In his old age, he took the leading role to fulfill the unfinished dream of Madan Mohan Malaviya of building Krishna Janmabhoomi Kesava Deo Temple.
He donated a major sum and formed a private trust in 1951 to which the rights of land were later transferred, and temple works begin to be inaugurated in 1965, for which he is fondly remembered by believers of Hindu religion.
In his old age he also donated initial funds for building of Vivekananda Rock Memorial and also arranged for further funds for the project from his brothers, the construction of which, however, began several years after his death.
Clifford Henry Taubes (born February 21, 1954) is the William Petschek Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University and works in gauge field theory, differential geometry, and low-dimensional topology.
His brother is the journalist Gary Taubes.
Early career.
Soon, he began applying his gauge-theoretic expertise to pure mathematics.
His work on the boundary of the moduli space of solutions to the Yang-Mills equations was used by Simon Donaldson in his proof of Donaldson's theorem.
He proved in that R4 has an uncountable number of smooth structures (see also exotic R4), and (with Raoul Bott in ) proved Witten's rigidity theorem on the elliptic genus.
This fact improved mathematicians' understanding of the topology of symplectic four-manifolds.
Biography.
McCormick took his BS in Physics from MIT in 1950, followed by two years on a Fulbright Scholarship to Cambridge University, England.
McCormick returned to the U.S. to take his PhD in physics at Harvard University in 1955, with the thesis "Two investigations in meson theory in the non-relativistic limit".
He then became a Postdoctoral Fellow at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
In 1957 McCormick accepted a post as staff physicist at the Alvarez Hydrogen Bubble Chamber Group at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
The Chamber Group was led by Dr. Luis Alvarez, who later won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physics.
In 1960 Dr. McCormick began 12 years at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he was a professor of physics, computer science, and bioengineering.
Afterwards, he served as head of the electrical engineering and computer science department at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
McCormick died the first week of December 2007 in Rio Rancho, New Mexico.
Publications.
Centennial High School is a public high school located on the northwest side of Columbus, Ohio, in the United States.
It is a part of Columbus City Schools.
The school opened in 1976, initially only housing new students in 10th grade.
The smaller start allowed the school to get set up properly, and was designed as such so it wouldn't cause inconvenience to upperclassmen who were attending other high schools but lived in Centennial's newly formed attendance area.
History.
At the time the school was built, the surrounding area of Northwest Columbus was experiencing tremendous growth.
The need for a new school became apparent as nearby Whetstone High School had become very crowded.
A considerable portion of the land around the school was undeveloped at the time of opening, but was rapidly built up in the ensuing years.
A rivalry has developed between Centennial and Whetstone due to the splitting of Whetstone's district and the fact that many students in both buildings attended lower grades together.
As the building opened in the year of the United States Bicentennial, the building was so named as a patriotic gesture, as was Independence High School, which opened at the same time.
At the time of the school's construction, trends in K-12 schooling were moving towards more non-traditional classroom setups.
This manifested itself in the architecture and design of the building.
When the school opened, there were no walls between almost all of the classrooms (save for the art, music, and science rooms).
Rather, movable dividers were employed in a setup similar to what might be found in an office with cubicles.
Additionally, both floors of the building were laid out with wings centered around a common area, rather than long and straight corridors.
All of these elements were designed to increase interaction between classrooms and promote learning.
Additionally, the lockers were formerly painted a bright orange color, which was thought to have a positive psychological effect for learning.
In 1997, the school was threatened with closure, as it was stated by the Columbus school board that the building was operating far below capacity with approximately 550 students.
This provoked a large public outcry, and it was later discovered that the capacity of 900 students as originally assumed was overstated.
It was revised downward to approximately 750 pupils, but in recent years the school has had approximately 850 students attending due to its good reputation.
Design.
With the 1973 oil crisis weighing on the minds of the designers, energy efficiency was a top priority in the design of the building.
Because of this, the school has very few windows, and the few windows that do exist are found in only a handful of classrooms.
However, one benefit of this is that most classrooms need not evacuate to another location in the event of a tornado.
For a school that was designed to hold approximately 800-900 students, the auditorium is especially small, seating only 250 people.
In the original design, an indoor swimming pool was to be added in a wing on the north side of the building.
Although the area was excavated for a pool, it became the vocal music room instead when costs needed to be scaled back.
It is especially unusual in that one must walk downstairs to get to it in a building which otherwise has no publicly accessible basement.
With the exception of the aforementioned vocal music room, the entire building is fully wheelchair accessible, despite having been built 15 years before the Americans with Disabilities Act came into force.
An outdoor amphitheater is integrated into the facade of the building on the northeast side.
After a few years, it was decided that the hassle of dealing with noise transmission between classrooms wasn't worth the positive effects of collaboration.
Walls were built to divide the classrooms in 1980, and remain today.
Because the school was designed to be open, adding walls where needed has the unintentional effect of making the building especially difficult to navigate.
It is easy to spot the walls that were subsequently added, as all the permanent walls in the building as originally built are concrete block, while those added later are made of drywall.
Additionally, to cut costs, the ceiling tiles and grid were not rebuilt to accommodate the new walls, which makes for a small gap at the top and reduces noise insulation.
Some of the lockers were painted a neutral beige color, while others were painted dark blue (one of the school colors).
With the Columbus City Schools switch to Middle schools from the Junior High setup, 9th graders began to be admitted in the fall of 1980.
Academics.
Additionally, the school has consistently received a score of "Excellent" from the Ohio Department of Education, the highest mark given.
Racially, the school is quite balanced, with no group being in the majority.
These categories do not readily display the diversity present at the school, as there are many students from Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and the Horn of Africa who attend Centennial.
Although situated in a prosperous area of Columbus, the boundaries for attending stretch along a narrow corridor towards the south which encompasses a variety of neighborhoods and socioeconomic statuses.
The attendance area is bordered by Upper Arlington to the west, Grandview and Victorian Village to the south, Whetstone High School's attendance area to the east, and Worthington to the north.
Sports.
Centennial's sports teams include Football, Basketball, Volleyball, Soccer, Baseball, Golf, Wrestling, Softball, Swimming, Track, Cross Country, Cheerleading, Bowling, Lacrosse, and Tennis.
The football stadium includes a 400 meter track in addition to a natural grass field.
Like most other Columbus High Schools (except for Walnut Ridge), Centennial has three tennis courts, although room was provided for a full five (which makes matches go much more quickly).
The adjacent area remains an open field with trees at the edge.
The school colors are red, white and blue.
The school mascot is a Star.
Battle For The Olentangy.
Due to the proximity of the two schools (2.5 miles), Centennial and Whetsone have a very intense sports rivalry.
Jelkung is a possible Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad.
The Marchen script was a Brahmic abugida which was used for writing the extinct Zhang-Zhung language.
It was derived from the Tibetan script.
Script.
One extant document, a seal originally held at Tsurpu monastery, is written in the Marchen script.
Description.
The Marchen scripts has some similarities with the Tibetan scripts and Lantsa but at the same time differs considerably from these.
It also differs from other writing systems in the Bon tradition, such as Marchung, Pungchen, Pungchung and Drusha.
A feature the Marchen script shares with Tibetan script and Lantsa are the special subjoined variants of the letters "wa", "ya" and "ra".
The vowel diacritics are most similar to those of Drusha.
A distinguishing feature of the Marchen script is the presence of a left-facing swastika, a symbol of the Bon religion, which is used both to write the letter "nya" and as a punctuation mark.
The Marchen script consists of 30 consonant letters, four vowel diacritics, a vowel length marker " -a " and two diacritics for nasalization (corresponding to "candrabindu" and "anusvara").
Each consonant has an accompanying vowel "a" which can be modified with the four vowel diacritics.
Consonant clusters are written just like in Tibetan script by stacking two or more consonants on top of each other vertically.
Just as in Tibetan script, there are simplified forms for medial "w", "y" and "r".
However, there is no simplified form of initial "r".
Unlike in Tibetan script, there is no sign to mark syllable boundaries, which means that ambiguities can sometimes arise.
Unicode.
Samsieczno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sicienko, within Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
It lies west of Sicienko and north-west of Bydgoszcz.
Speedway career.
Hehlert was a two times champion of East Germany, winning the East German Championship in 1962 and 1966.
Blas Gallego (born 1941 in Barcelona) is a Spanish artist, painter and illustrator with a career spanning six decades.
He has created and drawn comic books and strips, book covers, film posters, role-playing game cards, and portraits, among other formats, for publishers in tens of countries.
Gallego is internationally known for his specialization in erotic art.
Work history.
In 1960 he founded a publicity company.
From 1962 to 1966 he worked for Creaciones Editoriales, before going in 1966 to work for Selecciones Ilustradas, where he remained until 1968.
The next year he moved to England, but came back to Barcelona to get married in 1973.
Around that time, he drew the comic of "Twins of Evil" (1974), started oil painting, lived for a few years in London and for a short while in Stockholm, and drew for publications in Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Italy, Australia, Japan, among other countries.
In 1977 he worked for the British magazine "Woman's Realm" and for the German magazine "Roman Woche".
In 1978 he drew for "Woman's Weekly".
In 1983, he published erotic paintings in Japan via Tank Incorporated.
After that, he worked for more than 20 years for the United States market, making illustrations for book covers, film posters and for the Tyndale House Holy Bible in 1990.
He drew for "Zona 84" as well.
Birch is an unincorporated community located in the town of Sanborn, Ashland County, Wisconsin, United States.
Birch is located along U.S. Route 2 on the Bad River Indian Reservation, east-southeast of Ashland.
Jhoom () is the third album of Pakistani pop singer Ali Zafar, released in 2011 by YRF Music in India, Pakistan and worldwide.
It contains Sufi-pop music, remastered in Abbey Road Studios.
The album topped the music charts in Pakistan, as well as in India for several weeks after its release.
The Chilean submarine "Quidora" was an H-class submarine of the Chilean Navy.
The vessel was originally ordered by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy as HMS "H19", but was handed over to Chile in 1917 as "H5".
Description.
"Quidora" was a single-hulled submarine, with a pressure hull divided into five watertight compartments.
The submarine had a length of overall, a beam of and a draft of .
She displaced on the surface and submerged.
The H-class submarines had a crew of 22 officers and enlisted men.
The submarine had two propellers, each of which was driven by a diesel engine as well as a electric motors.
This arrangement gave "Quidora" a maximum speed of while surfaced and submerged.
She had a range of at while on the surface and at while submerged.
The boat had a capacity of of fuel oil.
The H-class submarines were equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and carried eight torpedoes.
Construction and service.
"H19" was a H-class submarine built by Fore River Yard of Quincy, Massachusetts.
She was launched on 25 August 1915.
Because the United States was neutral (having not yet entered World War I), "H19" along with sister ships , , , , , , , , and were all interned by the United States government.
As a result, "H19" was never commissioned into the Royal Navy.
Instead, she and "H13", "H16", "H17", "H18", and "H20" were transferred to the Chilean Navy as partial recompensation for the appropriation of two 28,000-ton dreadnoughts ( and ).
Originally named "H5" when turned over to Chile in 1917, she was renamed "Quidora" in 1924.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 652 in 146 households.
Born in Chicago in 1893 and nicknamed "Siggie", she was the elder daughter of Anna and Alexander Nordstrom.
She started out as a hat model in Chicago.
First coming to New York City to take a part in "Very Good Eddie" on Broadway, she retired from show business during her marriage.
The AP picked up on a photograph of her on the ice of Lake Michigan, naming her 'Queen of the Polar Bears'.
Her future husband saw the photograph and she always said, "That photograph 'got' my husband!"
She married the head of the Sweets Company of America, (which made the Tootsie Roll), Samuel Ferebee Williams.
When he died in 1931, she began performing with her younger sister Dagmar.
They sublet a flat in London for a year in 1939 when they were the resident performers at The Ritz.
Shortly after their return to the United States, her sister's song "Remembering You" was published both as sheet music and the full orchestration.
With the exception of their October in Bad Gastein for the baths, they regularly performed either in clubs in New York City or on board transatlantic ocean liners.
During the Second World War, they took provisions in their car to Norway and Sweden.
During the 1940s, they were often on the radio and through the 1960s, when they were not otherwise engaged as a team, Dagmar would at times take an assignment alone playing in a club.
Siggie was the story teller and kept the 'oral history' alive.
She loved to tell of their return from Havana, both with dark tans and wearing all-white, spaghetti-strap long gowns, when as they were being shown to their table at Casino in the Park as the Tavern on the Green was then known, Eddie Duchin looked up from the keyboard, stopped playing, and applauded.
Another frequently told story took place toward the end of World War II, when Dagmar had driven them, at some risk, through the Norwegian mountains after delivering supplies when Perle Mesta greeted them, saying, "My hat's off to you girls!"
They maintained an active social life and were the toast of many private parties in New York City until Dagmar's death in 1976.
Fracturing a hip in 1977 led to six months rehab in Annapolis, Maryland.
She returned to the city and held several large parties, but her mobility limited her increasingly and in 1980 she moved in with "adopted" nephew, David McJonathan-Swarm and his family, in Jefferson, Maryland.
Death.
The Way of the Wiseguy, by Joseph D. Pistone (Running Press, ), is a non-fiction description of Mafia personalities and culture, published in 2004.
The author, Joseph D. Pistone, spent six years undercover for the FBI infiltrating New York organized crime.
Synopsis.
The book records psychological portraits of the personalities Pistone associated with during his years undercover.
Pistone relays experiences with international organized crime, as a consultant and undercover agent for Scotland Yard, and infiltrating a drug lord's operation in a foreign country.
The station was owned by DJRA Broadcasting, and broadcast on 1540 kHz at 50 kilowatts from a three-tower directional antenna array adjacent to the station's studios in Colonie, New York.
The station went off the air in April 2012 and returned to the air on March 27, 2013 simulcasting Christian talk-formatted WDCD-FM 96.7.
On October 16, 2017, WDCD went silent for the final time.
The station surrendered its license to the FCC on September 28, 2018.
History.
WDCD signed on August 10, 1948 as WPTR, with 10,000 watts of power from Colonie.
The original call sign request of WNYS was denied due to protests, so the WPTR call letters were requested to reflect the original licensee, Patroon Broadcasting Company, which was owned by Schine Chain Theatres.
The studios were located in the Hotel Ten Eyck in Albany.
On September 16, 1953, American Airlines Flight 723 flew between the northeast and center towers of the station's 3 tower array.
The plane was cleared for a contact approach to Albany Airport's Runway 10.
On final approach, while still miles west of the airport, the Convair descended too low, and, at an altitude of , struck two of the set of three -tall radio masts arrayed northeast to southwest.
The right wing struck the center tower of the three, then the left wing struck the northeast tower.
Seven feet of the outer panel of the right wing including the right aileron and control mechanism from the center hinge outboard together with 15 feet of the left outer wing panel and aileron separated from the aircraft.
Ground impact occurred beyond the northeast tower.
At this point, the aircraft had rolled to a partially inverted attitude.
The nose and left wing struck the ground first.
The rest of the airplane fell to earth in short order and caught fire.
The aircraft narrowly missed hitting a trailer park on the Albany-Schenectady road.
All 28 occupants on board (25 passengers, 2 pilots, and a flight attendant) were killed.
The aircraft crashed just north of Central Avenue (NY Route 5).
To date, this is the worst aviation accident in the Albany area.
By 1957, in an effort to become more competitive with the more established stations in the region, a new "Top 40" format was introduced to Capital District listeners.
WTRY also had top 40 programs at the time, but did not devote the entire broadcast day to it.
Popular hosts on WPTR included Boom Boom Brannigan, Charlie Brown, and Bob Badger.
Brannigan would stay with the station until 1974.
The popular rock-and-roll format had a loyal following among listeners both locally, and throughout the northeastern United States, as well as a good portion of eastern and Maritime Canada.
In fact, WPTR had a stronger skywave signal in the western Boston suburbs than Boston's own top 40 station, WMEX.
By the early 1960s, WTRY had switched to top 40 music programming full-time, and a ratings war of sorts began between the two stations that lasted well into the 1970s.
For much of its top 40 heyday, WPTR was the number-one rated station in the Capital District.
In 1960, the studios were moved to the more prominent 1820 Central Avenue location in Colonie, where they remained until a fire severely damaged the interior of the building in 1964.
A new broadcast facility was constructed at the transmitter site, and programming originated from what became known as the 'Gold studios' until 2005 when the building was demolished.
Programming now originates from new digital facilities inside the transmitter building.
With FM stations becoming increasingly popular with younger listeners, WPTR's ratings entered a steady decline in the mid-1970s, and in 1980 the station's owner, Rust Communications (which also owned WFLY, an FM station that had adopted a top 40 format a year earlier) finally submitted and flipped WPTR to country music in 1980 with veteran jock J.W.
Wagner at the helm during morning drive.
The station regained some popularity, and when ownership did some improvements (including adding AM Stereo), the station stayed relatively successful.
However, competition from FM rival WGNA led WPTR to leave the format in 1988, subsequently trying different talk, sports, and news formats with meager results each time.
In 1995, Albany Broadcasting sold WPTR to Crawford Broadcasting, with the sale closing that September.
Upon taking over, Crawford changed the call sign to WDCD, in honor of founder Don Crawford.
(Albany Broadcasting reclaimed the WPTR calls the following March, on the former WCDA.)
The format was changed to contemporary Christian music and related Christian programming.
The "Legends" format was a ratings success (putting WPTR back in the top 10 for the first time in 15 years), but a financial pitfall.
The situation was greatly complicated when WKLI-FM entered the nostalgia format in November 2001.
In 2004, WPTR and WDCD swapped formats and call letters, returning AM 1540 to Christian programming.
Several months later, WPTR at the 96.7 FM frequency dropped "Legends" for contemporary Christian music, but flipped to oldies in 2011 due to increased competition from K-LOVE and Air 1, and later began simulcasting WDCD again the same year.
WDCD began broadcasting in HD digital radio in 2006, the second AM station in the area to do so.
Later, the station ended HD Radio transmissions, and began signing off between 9-10 every night.
WDCD temporarily left the air on April 1, 2012 to make plans for a new format.
WDCD was shut down on October 16, 2017.
It is likely that the music was introduced to The Maldives by sailors from the Indian Ocean region.
It may be said that "Boduberu" first made an appearance in The Maldives in the 11th Century AD, or possibly before that.
Performance.
Boduberu is performed by about 20 people, including three drummers and a lead singer.
They are accompanied by a small bell, a set of drums also known as a "bodu beru", and an "onugandu" - a small piece of bamboo with horizontal grooves, from which raspy sounds are produced by scraping.
The songs may be of heroism, romance or satire.
The prelude to the song is a slow beat with emphasis on drumming, and dancing.
As the song reaches a crescendo, one or two dancers maintain the wild beat with their frantic movements ending in some cases in a trance.
The costume of the performers is a sarong and a white short sleeved shirt.
Evolution.
Boduberu evolved among the common citizens as an alternative to court music.
In the early days, the people gathered together to perform Boduberu, and it became widely accepted as the music of the common people.
The performing of the music is often referred as "vibrating the island".
A notable point about Boduberu is its noise and sometimes meaningless lyrics sung.
The lyrics do not have a meaning, because it consists of a mixture of local, neighbouring and some African words.
Today, meaningful songs written in the local language Dhivehi are sung to the rhythm of Boduberu.
Boduberu is usually sung after a hard day's work.
The location is up to the performers.
Today, Boduberu is an important item of entertainment at stage shows, special occasions, celebrations and festivals.
Bodu beru.
The "bodu beru" is a Maldivian drum, made of wood from coconut tree trunk, and often grouped in trios.
The Jesus the King Church in Palacode is a Roman Catholic place of worship located in the Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu, India.
It is a Catholic church parish under the administration of the Dharmapuri Diocese.
History.
Jesuit Missionaries.
During the time of the Mysore Jesuit missionaries, some Catholic faithfuls lived in Marandahalli.
Although the exact origin of these Catholics is unclear, "The Jesus in Mysore" book mentions the presence of a church named St. Ignatius.
However, another book by Fr.
M.S Joseph states that St. Joseph Church was present in Marandahalli during that time.
Fr.
Unfortunately, in 1682, during and battle this church was demolished, and no further records are available for 17th century Marandahalli Christians.
Paris Missionaries.
During the Paris missionary period in 1853, some Catholics settled in the village of Bevuhalli, located to the east of Palacode.
Bir Muhammad Sahib, a representative of King Hyder Ali who lived in Krishnagiri, had a good relationship with the Paris missionaries due to his visit to Paris and meeting with King Louis XIV in the 1780s for political reasons.
In 1853, Fr.
Maury Amedes MEP, the priest of Kovilur Church, met Bir Muhammad and requested land in Bevuhalli for Catholics.
Bir Muhammad generously gave the land for Catholic settlements, and approximately 30 families were settled in the village.
A chapel was also built in Bevuhalli.
However, due to the spread of malaria fever in the area, the population of the settlements did not increase, and later the Catholics relocated to other unknown places.
During the Paris missionary era, there were notable Catholic settlements near Palacode in villages such as Savadiyur, Kotavur, and Kethampatti (Kethanahalli).
The settlement in Kethanahalli happened in 1845, while the origins of Savadiyur are unknown.
Fr.
Maria Francisco, a Kovilur Parish priest, occasionally visited Savadiyur village between 1842 and 1843.
The Kovilur church records from the 1850s mention the registration of Savadiyur and Kotavur.
Village Kotavur was present next to Savadiyur now the village name is not in use.
Under Salem Diocese.
In 1930, when the Kadagathur Church became a Parish, Savadiyur's Sts.
Peter and Paul church became its substation.
In 1985, during the period of the Salem Diocese, a new parish was formed from Kadagathur, known as the Palacode Parish, which included Savadiyur, Kethanahalli, and Rayakottai as its sub-stations church during that time there was no church for Palacode.
Fr.
Heny Bonal MEP was appointed as the first parish priest of Palacode and resided in a rented house while conducting Masses in the other churches.
In 1986, he purchased land for a church in Thimmampatti village, adjacent to Palacode.
Salem Diocese Bishop Michael Bosco Duraisamy wrote a letter to Fr.
Bonal MEP, expressing his dream for the Palacode Parish.
The bishop mentioned that there were fewer Catholics in Palacode compared to Savadiyur, Royakottai, and Kethanahalli.
Palacode was chosen as the head of the Parish because it was a developing town with a need for good education and hospitality.
The primary mission of Palacode was to provide good service and assistance to people of all religions.
As per the bishop's wish, Fr.
Heny Bonal MEP built the Parish house and a hospital named Sagaya Matha on the purchased land in 1991.
The administration rights of the hospital were given to the Cluny Sisters, who provided excellent service to the local community.
In 1992, with the support of Fr.
Heny, the Cluny Sisters started St. Lucy English Medium School, which later became a notable higher secondary school in the town.In 2013 Cluny sisters started Cluny Vidya Vihar (ICSE) school in Palacode.
After fulfilling the dreams of the Salem Bishop, the foundation of the Jesus the King Church was laid in 2002 and completed on May 27, 2003.
The church services commenced with the blessings of the Salem Bishop.
In 2000, the St. Xavier Church in Kethanahalli, which was a sub-station, became a new Parish church.
First Place is a Japanese pop band under the Being Inc. label.
History.
The formation of band has started in 2014 with members Kento and Taihei as a unit.
In 2015, Ryoma and in 2017 Kaito jointed in the band.
For the four years they have been active as an live street artist.
In May, Kaito played main role in the musical "Yume de Aima".
In August 2018, they've made major debut with single "Sadame" which served as an ending theme for Anime television series Detective Conan under Being Inc. label.
The album debuted at number 8 on the Oricon Weekly Single Chart and charted for 11 weeks.
In November 2018, they've held one-man live in AiiA Theater.
In June 2019 they will release their first mini album "L.D.
Love" with seven recorded tracks, including their debut single.
Kaito provided lyrics for album track L.D.Love.
On 13 November 2019 is scheduled to release their second single "Snow Light".
In 2020, former member KAITO started his solo career as a lyricist, composer, and artist from Being as Kaito Okuzaki.
Announced the end of the fan club service in June 2021.
He also left Being when the contract with Being, which he belonged to, expired.
Members.
Brian Langley is an American politician, restaurant owner and schoolteacher from Maine.
Langley was a Republican State Senator from Maine's 28th District, representing much of Hancock County, including the population centers of Bar Harbor and Ellsworth.
He was first elected to the Maine State Senate in 2010 after defeating Democrat James Schatz and Green Independent Lynne Williams.
He previously served one term from 2008 to 2010 representing Ellsworth, Otis and Trenton in the Maine House of Representatives.
He studied at the University of Southern Maine and Syracuse University and taught culinary arts at the Hancock County Technical Center.
Langley could not run for reelection in 2018 due to term limits.
He ran again for the 7th district again against his successor, Democrat Louis Luchini, and lost.
Luchini resigned in early 2022 and Langley announced his candidacy for the special election to replace him.
On June 14, 2022, Langley lost the special election to Nicole Grohoski to fill the vacant seat for Senate District 7.
In a rematch of the Special Election, Langley again lost the General Election to Nicole Grohoski on November 8, 2022.
Langley owns the Union River Lobster Pot Restaurant in his hometown of Ellsworth.
He is a board member of the First Congregational Church in Ellsworth.
During his time in the Maine Senate, Langley chaired the Education committee and served on the Marine Resources Committee.
He was a strong supporter of Technical Education.
He was also a Justice of the Peace and served as Deputy Lord Lieutenant of County Cork for many years.
He was born at Ballyclogh, County Cork, the son of Caption Bartholomew Purdon senior and his wife Alicia Jephson, daughter of Major-General William Jephson of Mallow Castle, County Cork and Alicia Dynham of Boarstall Tower, Buckinghamshire.
He died soon afterwards, still under confinement at Galway.
He married in 1699 Anne Coote, daughter of Colonel Chidley Coote and his wife Catherine Sandys.
They were distant cousins, Anne being descended from Margaret Purdon, who married Thomas Jones, Archbishop of Dublin.
The marriage provided a useful connection to the leading statesman Henry Boyle, 1st Earl of Shannon, who married Anne's sister Catherine.
They had one daughter Anne, who married firstly in 1730 her cousin, Robert Coote (died 1745), son of the Reverend Chidley Coote and Jane Evans, (and brother of General Sir Eyre Coote), by whom she had six children.
An oval () is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg.
The term is not very specific, but in some areas (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.) it is given a more precise definition, which may include either one or two axes of symmetry of an ellipse.
The three-dimensional version of an oval is called an ovoid.
Oval in geometry.
The term oval when used to describe curves in geometry is not well-defined, except in the context of projective geometry.
Many distinct curves are commonly called ovals or are said to have an "oval shape".
Generally, to be called an oval, a plane curve should "resemble" the outline of an egg or an ellipse.
The adjectives ovoidal and ovate mean having the characteristic of being an ovoid, and are often used as synonyms for "egg-shaped".
Projective geometry.
For "finite" planes (i.e.
The shape of an egg is approximated by the "long" half of a prolate spheroid, joined to a "short" half of a roughly spherical ellipsoid, or even a slightly oblate spheroid.
These are joined at the equator and share a principal axis of rotational symmetry, as illustrated above.
Although the term "egg-shaped" usually implies a lack of reflection symmetry across the equatorial plane, it may also refer to true prolate ellipsoids.
It can also be used to describe the 2-dimensional figure that, if revolved around its major axis, produces the 3-dimensional surface.
Technical drawing.
In technical drawing, an oval is a figure that is constructed from two pairs of arcs, with two different radii (see image on the right).
The arcs are joined at a point in which lines tangential to both joining arcs lie on the same line, thus making the joint smooth.
Any point of an oval belongs to an arc with a constant radius (shorter or longer), but in an ellipse, the radius is continuously changing.
In common speech.
In common speech, "oval" means a shape rather like an egg or an ellipse, which may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
It also often refers to a figure that resembles two semicircles joined by a rectangle, like a cricket infield, speed skating rink or an athletics track.
However, this is most correctly called a stadium.
The term "ellipse" is often used interchangeably with oval, despite not being a precise synonym.
The term "oblong" is often used incorrectly to describe an elongated oval or 'stadium' shape.
Two of his sons, Russell and Sigurd Varian, became notable inventors and went on to found Varian Associates, one of the first companies in Silicon Valley.
Varian died on January 9, 1931, following pneumonia.
Career.
Born in Ireland, John Varian and his wife, Agnes became members of the Theosophical Society in Dublin where the movement attracted literary figures such as W. B. Yeats, James Cousins, and others.
The Varians emigrated from Ireland to the United States in 1894, first settling in Syracuse, New York.
There, the Varians became involved with a theosophical group headed by William Dower.
When Dower moved to Halcyon, California, they joined him in 1914, shortly after its founding.
Halcyon was a utopian community that included a sanatorium for the treatment of liquor, morphine, and opium addiction.
The community had elements of socialism and some communal property.
There, John Varian became a leader of the Temple of the People, simultaneously working with Dower as a chiropractor and masseur, while Agnes was the first Halcyon storekeeper and postmistress.
Family.
John and Agnes had three sons, Russell, Sigurd and Eric, all of whom had a keen interest in electricity.
The family was noted for affection, laughter and a spirit of adventure.
All three boys exhibited an early fascination with electricity, which included pranks such as attaching electrical current to bed springs and door knobs in order to give visitors minor electric shocks.
Russell and Sigurd became the co-founders of Varian Associates, an early Silicon Valley firm noted for production of the klystron tube, while Eric remained in the Halcyon area and had a career in the central California coast as an electrical contractor, and assisted the work of his daughter, Sheila Varian, who became a noted horse breeder.
Artistic pursuits and affiliations.
Varian's strong interest in Irish mythology helped fuel the interest of the young composer Henry Cowell in Irish folk culture and mythology.
Cowell had previously befriended Varian's son Russell in 1911, when both boys were in their teens, and a piano sonata that Cowell composed for Russell brought Cowell to the attention of the elder Varian.
In 1917, Cowell wrote the music for Varian's stage production of his Irish mythical poetry cycle, "The Building of Banba."
The prelude Cowell composed, The Tides of Manaunaun, would become Cowell's most famous and widely performed work.
"The Building of Banba" has been described by some scholars as a "pageant" or "play," and by Cowell himself (more than fifty years later) as an "opera."
The production was staged in the summer of 1917 at a convention of the theosophical community at Halcyon.
Cowell in turn was a childhood music tutor of Ansel Adams, and the Varian family also became friends with Adams, who became particularly close to Russell and Sigurd through their mutual activity in the Sierra Club.
Adams knew the family for over 30 years, and upon John Varian's death wrote a poem, "To John Varian," which was published in 1931.
While that work was one of only a few poems published by Adams, he later used a line from one of Varian's poems, "...What Majestic Word," as the title of his 1963 "Portfolio Four," which was dedicated to the memory of Russell Varian, who had died in 1959.
Another close associate of Varian and his family was fellow Irish immigrant and theosophist Ella Young, who lived in Halcyon in a cabin behind the Varian's home in 1928 while she was finishing her book, "The Tangle-Coated Horse and Other Tales", and working on her poetry.
Kaliaganj Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
It is reserved for scheduled castes.
Overview.
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No.
34 Kaliaganj Assembly constituency (SC) covers Kaliaganj municipality, Kaliaganj community development block and Barua and Birghai gram panchayats of Raiganj community development block.
Kaliaganj Assembly constituency is part of No.
5 Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency).
It was earlier part of Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency).
Election results.
2021.
In the 2021 election, Soumen Roy of BJP defeated his nearest rival Tapan Deb Singha of Trinamool Congress. 2019 bye-poll.
A bye-poll was necessitated due to the death of the incumbent MLA, Pramatha Nath Ray.
In this election, Tapan Deb Singha of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Kamal Chandra Sarkar of BJP.
2016.
In the 2016 election, Pramatha Nath Ray of Indian National Congress defeated his nearest rival Basanta Roy of Trinamool Congress.
2011.
In the 2011 election, Pramatha Nath Ray of Congress defeated his nearest rival Nani Gopal Roy of CPI(M).
In the 2006 state assembly elections, Nani Gopal Roy of CPI(M) won the Kaliaganj (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Pramatha Nath Ray of Congress.
Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned.
Pramathanath Ray of Congress defeated Ramani Kanta Debsarma of CPI(M) in 2001 and 1996.
Ramani Kanta Debsarma of CPI(M) defeated Pramatha Nath Roy of Congress in 1991 and Naba Kumar Roy of Congress in 1987.
Naba Kumar Roy of Congress defeated Nani Gopal Roy of CPI(M) in 1982 and 1977.
Debendra Nath Roy of Congress won in 1972 and 1971.
Syama Prasad Barman won the Kaliaganj seat in 1969, 1967 and 1962.
Prior to that the Kaliaganj seat was not there.
In 1957 and 1951 Raiganj was a joint seat.
Hazi Badirudddin Ahmad and Syama Prasad Barman, both of Congress, won from Raiganj in 1957.
Eve is a 2015 Christian fantasy novel written by William P. Young.
Plot.
"Valentine" is a single by English recording artist Jessie Ware and English keyboardist and singer, Sampha.
The single was released as a digital download and as a limited edition 12" heart-shaped vinyl on 14 February 2011.
The Inspector of the Air Force () is the commander of the Air Force of the modern-day German Armed Forces, the Bundeswehr.
The Inspector is responsible for the readiness of personnel and materiel in the German Air Force, in that function reports directly to the Federal Minister of Defence.
The current Inspector is Ingo Gerhartz, appointed on 29 May 2018.
The Inspector of the Air Force is the chief of the Air Force Command, based in Gatow, Berlin.
They sit under the General Inspector of the Bundeswehr and are a member of the Defence Council for Bundeswehr-wide matters.
After leading his own failed Nazi movement van Rappard enlisted in the Schutzstaffel and saw active service in the Second World War.
Early years.
Part of a leading Dutch family, van Rappard was born in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Dutch East Indies, to chief engineer Oscar Emile ridder van Rappard and his wife Dina Thal Larsenhe, as the younger brother of future sportsman Oscar van Rappard His schooling took place in the Netherlands at The Hague and subsequently at the University of Leiden.
He then studied economics in Berlin and Munich and there became supportive of Nazism.
Nazi politics.
He joined the National Socialist Dutch Workers Party (NSNAP) in 1931, although the group split into three and van Rappard soon found himself as the leader of his own version of the party.
His group, the NSNAP-Van Rappard advocated the incorporation of the Netherlands into the Third Reich, arguing that the Dutch had a strong ethnic kinship with the Germans.
His group also vied with the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) in terms of its virulent anti-Semitism, drawing most of its support from the Dutch-German border.
His group was later renamed NSNAP-Hitlerbeweging, though Adolf Hitler ordered the removal of his name from what was a minor movement.
His movement petered out until the 1940 German invasion when it was revived, although it was dissolved in 1941 along with all political parties apart from the NSB.
The Nazi occupiers in fact ordered van Rappard to incorporate his group into the NSB.
War service.
Following this van Rappard enlisted in the Waffen-SS.
As part of the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler he saw service in Yugoslavia and Greece, albeit without any involvement in actual fighting.
He returned to the Netherlands but after refusing to join the NSB he re-enlisted in the 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking.
This time he saw action and was wounded on campaign in the Caucasus.
He saw out the war as an officer in various units of the Waffen SS, being wounded in Estonia in August 1944 and receiving the Iron Cross Second Class.
Later years.
Van Rappard was captured by Canadian soldiers in May 1945 and taken into custody, initially in Utrecht and then in Scheveningen.
His service for Germany resulted in him being sentenced to death in 1949, although this was changed to life imprisonment.
Born in Canada, he represents for the Trinidad and Tobago national team.
Early life.
Singh played youth soccer with North Mississauga SC and the Brampton Youth SC.
He also spent some time with the Team Ontario Provincial program.
He later moved on to the Toronto FC Academy.
Club career.
After spending time in the Toronto FC Academy, he began playing for Toronto FC III in the semi-professional League1 Ontario in 2018.
He scored his first goal on August 26 against North Mississauga SC.
He returned to Toronto at the end of January, after suffering an injury.
In March 2019, he signed a professional contract with Toronto FC II of USL League One.
He did not make any appearances with the first team, playing primarily with the Reserve team, with whom he scored two goals in 24 appearances, and the U19 team.
After Toronto FC II withdrew from the 2020 USL League One season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Singh spent a large part of the season training with the first team.
He signed an official first team deal on April 16.
Singh scored his first goal for TFC on April 24 against Vancouver Whitecaps FC.
He was loaned to the second team for some matches in 2021.
In February 2022, Singh was set to join Canadian Premier League side Pacific FC on loan as part of Toronto FC's transfer deal for Lukas MacNaughton, however, the loan ultimately did not proceed following further discussions between the clubs.
Instead, the next month on March 3 Toronto announced Singh had joined FC Edmonton on loan for the 2022 CPL season.
He made his debut for Edmonton on April 10, in the season-opener against Valour FC.
International career.
Singh is eligible to represent Canada, where he was born, and also Trinidad and Tobago, where both of his parents were born.
He attended the Canadian U15 Identification camp in 2014 and 2015.
He first represented the Trinidad and Tobago U17 team in the 2017 CONCACAF U-17 Championship qualifying tournament, playing two matches.
He later represented the Trinidad and Tobago U20 team at the 2018 CONCACAF U-20 Championship.
Singh received his first senior call up to Trinidad and Tobago on May 28, 2021, for their World Cup qualifying matches, but three days later also accepted an invitation to join a Canadian training camp ahead of the same international window.
He was to join Trinidad and Tobago following the Canadian camp, but on June 7 it was reported that Singh would remain with Canada after the Soca Warriors were eliminated from World Cup qualification.
In June 2023, Singh was named to Trinidad and Tobago's roster for the 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup.
Sandian Station () is a station on Line 1 of the Wuhan Metro.
It entered revenue service on December 26, 2017.
Jeux ("Games") is a ballet written by Claude Debussy.
Debussy initially objected to the scenario but reconsidered the commission when Diaghilev doubled the fee.
Debussy wrote the score quickly, from mid-August to mid-September 1912.
Robert Orledge has analysed the chronology of Debussy's composition and preserved manuscripts of the score.
The work was not well received and was soon eclipsed by Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring", which was premiered two weeks later by Diaghilev's company.
The first commercial recording was made by Victor de Sabata with the Orchestra Stabile Accademica di Santa Cecilia in 1947.
The thematic motifs of "Jeux" are likewise very short, often two measures long or constructed from two single-measure building blocks.
L.D.
Jann Pasler has analysed in detail Debussy's motivic construction.
Scenario.
According to Nijinsky's Diaries, made during the weeks before his psychological breakdown, Diaghilev intended the music to describe a homosexual encounter between three young men, and Nijinsky wanted to include an airplane crash.
The final version of the story involved a man, two girls, and a game of tennis.
But the spell is broken by another tennis ball thrown in mischievously by an unknown hand.
The Fourth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 8, 1851, to March 17, 1851 in regular session.
Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term.
Assembly members were elected to a one-year term.
Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 5, 1850.
Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 6, 1849.
Members.
Chris Tally Evans is a Welsh disabled artist, actor, director, and writer.
He was born in 1962 in Swansea, trained at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama as a performer and graduated from Trinity College, London, with a teaching diploma.
Career.
Evans' interest in theatre and music started as a teenager when he joined West Glamorgan Youth Theatre and West Glamorgan Youth Arts Company as an actor, dancer and musician.
He was lead guitarist for the West Glamorgan Youth Arts Company production of Leonard Bernstein's "Mass" at Swansea's Brangwyn Hall and London's Wembley Arena and was a dancer in Vaughan Williams' "Job" at a performance attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1981.
In both these productions he shared the stage with Russell T Davies, writer and producer of "Doctor Who".
By the age of 14 he was playing the guitar semi-professionally in pubs and clubs in the Swansea area, as well as for a number of theatre shows.
For two years at this time he was lead guitarist in the backing band of a very young Catherine Zeta-Jones.
Later Evans played in a number of bands including the electric folk band Straight From the Wood who chalked up memorable appearances at Club Ifor Bach, Cardiff, Gwyl Pontardawe Festival and the Village Pump Folk Festival in Trowbridge.
Evans has had both poetry and prose published, directed many theatre productions and has performed himself in the United States, Canada, Poland and New Zealand.
His film work was exhibited at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, DC, in 2011.
The Arts Council of Wales granted Evans a Major Creative Wales Award in 2009 and he performed work created at this time at the InterACT Disability Arts Festival in Auckland, New Zealand.
His unlimited commission, "Turning Points", was shown in the Southbank Centre, London during the 2012 Paralympic Games and then went on to be exhibited in Doha, Qatar, in 2013 as part of the Middle East's first ever disability arts festival.
He has featured in HTV's award-winning documentary, "One in Six" and on BBC 2W's "The Arts Show".
Evans presented "In Search of Captain Cat" which was broadcast on BBC Radio Wales in May 2022 and again in February 2023 and wrote and performed a five-part series for BBC Radio 4 called "My Mile of the River".
His March 2014 production, "21st Century Dinosaurs", with a visually impaired cast, was reviewed enthusiastically by Sarah Finch of National Theatre Wales. in June 2015.
He also made "The Voyage of the Sea Serpent", an epic reimagining of a boat trip off the Gower coast.
In 2019 Chris worked with groups in the Mid Rhondda to make work investigating attitudes to disabled people.
One of the outcomes was a mash-up of a market stall with Wales' smallest arts centre which was kindly and ceremoniously opened by Jon Luxton (whilst he was serving Mayor of Penarth).
In 2022 he was one of 31 artists who staged interventions at art galleries across the UK to disrupt and to celebrate the first exhibition by the Dada school of art as part of "We are Invisible, We are Visible".
Chris has served as a National Adviser to the Arts Council of Wales and Arts Adviser to Disability Arts Cymru.
The score, composed by Henry Jackman, featured 27 tracks and was released digitally by WaterTower Music and Sony Classical Records on May 8, 2019, and in physical formats on May 10, coinciding with the film's United States theatrical release.
The film also features an original single "Carry On" by Kygo and Rita Ora, served as the standalone track and not featured in the score album, it was independently released by RCA Records on April 19.
The score is included as a part of Jackman's score catalog acquired by Reservoir Media in March 2022.
Development.
Henry Jackman composed the film's score, in his third collaboration with Rob Letterman on "Monsters vs. Aliens" (2009) and "Gulliver's Travels" (2010).
I really enjoyed using many different sonic colors so, if you listen carefully, you can hear everything from the full symphony orchestra to analog vintage synths", although Bustle called the soundtrack as "heavy on electronic dance music".
Letterman helped Jackman to bring his Roland TR-808 drum machine for the film score, but they could not use it as it "was faulty and damaged".
Kygo and Rita Ora released a standalone single for the film, titled "Carry On".
The song and its accompanying music video were released on April 19, 2019.
A remixed version of the song, is performed by Dutch DJ Nicky Romero.
Honest Boyz also collaborated with Lil Uzi Vert to make another song for the film, titled "Electricity" and produced by Pharrell Williams, which also plays over the end credits.
Reservoir Media acquired all of Jackman's score in March 2022, including his work for "Detective Pikachu".
Track listing.
Reception.
Casey Cipriani, writing for "Bustle", called the soundtrack as "fun and boppy" while also adding "it keeps you in Ryme City long after you leave the movie theater".
Karen Han of Polygon called it as "a rollicking, riotously fun soundtrack, as befitting the surprisingly terrific movie."
Filmtracks.com criticised the score, saying "it lacks the cohesive narrative and genuine heart of the far more effective "Wreck-It Ralph" scores, seeming like a cheap knock-off of the same environment whenever the electronics are incorporated.
Those looking for robust orchestral action may be moderately intrigued by the suspense and action sequences here, but they are too few and too disjointed to merit a recommendation."
CNET called Jackman's score as "catchy", while Umesh Punwani of "Koimoi" wrote that Jackman's "absorbing background score matches up to the dazzling visuals on screen".
Personnel.
Pseudorhaphitoma crudelis is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
"Pseudorhaphitoma granilirata" is classified by Tucker as a synonym.
Description.
(Original description) The small, rather solid shell is lanceolate, constricted at the suture, and contracted at the base.
Its colour is a uniform pale buff.
The shell contains 8 whorls, of which three constitute the protoconch.
The spirals are numerous, closely packed, grained, unequal threads extending from the suture 'to the base.
On the upper whorl two spirals predominate to form a double keel, but these gradually decrease, so that when the body whorl is reached the discrepancy between major and minor spirals has nearly disappeared.
The aperture is narrow, the varix equal to the preceding ribs, and not rising above the plane of the suture.
Its outer limb is evenly striated.
Within the aperture a tubercle arises beneath the sinus.
Below that and under the free edge of the limb are four minute denticules.
The columella is perpendicular.
The sinus is small and shallow.
Anisodontea is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Malveae of the mallow family Malvaceae.
It comprises twenty-one species native to South Africa.
Members of the genus typically bear toothed leaves with three or five palmate, uneven lobes.
Members of the genus also typically bear flowers with a pubescent calyx, a five-petaled corolla streaked from the center and pink to magenta in color, and stamens with anthers of a dark color.
Cultivation.
Members of the genus are classed as half-hardy.
They thrive in cool-temperate climates and are used as summer bedding and in mild coastal areas where they may be grown as border plants.
For several species, the seeds should be sown in spring.
Half-harden cuttings should be taken in summer but need bottom heat.
They do best in loam-based gritty compost and positioned in full sun.
"Anisodontea capensis", the African mallow, is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
He worked for most of his life as a (a religious timekeeper) at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.
Little is known about his life.
Work.
Al-Khalili is known for two sets of mathematical tables he constructed, both totalling roughly 30,000 entries.
He tabulated all the entries made by the celebrated Egyptian Muslim astronomer Ibn Yunus, except for the entries that al-Khalili made himself for the city of Damascus.
He computed 13,000 entries into his 'Universal Tables' of different auxiliary functions which allowed him to generate the solutions of standard problems of spherical astronomy for any given latitude.
In addition to this, he created a 3,000 entry table that gave the (the direction of the city of Mecca) for all latitudes and longitudes for all the Muslim countries of the 14th century.
It is one of the few tournaments in artistic gymnastics officially organized by FIG, as well as the World Championships and the gymnastics competitions at the Olympic Games and the Youth Olympics.
Beginning in the 2017-2020 quadrennium, the All-Around and Individual Apparatus World Cup series are used to qualify a maximum of seven spots to the Olympic Games.
History.
This genre of sport from then onwards was named as the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup, an original competition reserved for the current best gymnasts.
It was composed of a single and unique event, bringing together very few gymnasts in all around competition and in apparatus finals.
This initiative was taken in a particular context, since the world championships took place merely every four years.
The world cup event held every year for artistic gymnastics was, however, upheld only until 1990.
In 1997, the World Cup was revived as a series of qualifying events for a period of two years, culminating in a final event that was known as the World Cup Final.
The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements.
These points would be added up over the two-year period to qualify a limited number of athletes to the biennial World Cup Final event.
Six World Cup Final events were staged in even years from 1998 to 2008.
At the World Cup Final, gold, silver and bronze medals were awarded to individual athletes in each apparatus.
Eight standalone World Cup events had been staged from 1975 to 1990, and FIG retroactively named these events World Cup Final.
The gymnasts were invited to these world cups based on results from the previous world championships or Olympic Games.
From 1997 to 2008, the World Cup series of qualifying events were the only way athletes could qualify for the World Cup Final.
At the FIG Council in Cape Town (South Africa) in May 2008, members decided to no longer run any world cup and series finals for all FIG disciplines from January 2009.
In 2011, the apparatus competitions were renamed World Challenge Cups while the all-around competitions kept the World Cup name.
In 2013, FIG created three distinct competition series with the reintroduction of the Individual Apparatus World Cup series, along with the existing All-Around World Cup series and the World Challenge Cup series.
Current format.
Beginning in 2009, the World Cup has been competed strictly as a series of stages with no culminating final event.
In each of the stages, the top three gymnasts in each apparatus or the all-around, depending on the type of competition, are awarded medals and prize money.
For the All-Around World Cup series, gymnasts' standing counts toward their countries' final placement.
For the latter two series, gymnasts' standing counts toward their own individual ranking, and they do not pool results with their teammates.
The two individual apparatus series are open to all athletes and are especially popular among athletes from countries with smaller gymnastics programs.
The All-Around World Cup series, however, is an invitation-only series of competitions for the top countries at the previous year's World Championships or Olympic Games.
Each of the eight competing countries at any given cup has the option to choose any one gymnast to compete with the exception of the host country, which has a wild-card spot for a second gymnast.
After each stage, all gymnasts (not just medal winners) are awarded points according to their placement, with the winner of each competition receiving the maximum number of 30 points per competition.
After the last event of the World Cup series, the three or four best results at the World Cup stages count towards a ranking list.
The same is true for the World Challenge Cup series.
The individual gymnast with the highest number of points in each apparatus is then declared the winner of the series.
For the All-Around World Cup, the country with the most points total is victorious.
Only the winning nation receives a cup at the end of the series, while the top three gymnasts receive prize money.
The All-Around World Cup and the World Challenge Cup series are both one-year long series, with the competing nations at the All-Around World Cup series changing yearly.
For the Individual Apparatus World Cup, the winner in each apparatus is declared after a two-year long series, beginning shortly after the World Championships or Olympic Games in an even-numbered year and concluding two years later.
Events.
World Cup qualifiers.
From 1997 to 2008, a series of World Cup qualifiers were staged.
The top 3 gymnasts in each apparatus at the qualifier events would receive medals and prize money.
Gymnasts who finished in the top 8 would also receive points that would be added up to a ranking which would qualify individual gymnasts for the biennial World Cup Final.
World Cup series.
In 2009 and 2010, events in the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series were divided into Category A events (reserved for invited athletes only) and Category B events (open to all athletes).
In 2011 and 2012, the individual apparatus competitions were renamed World Challenge Cup events while the all-around competitions retained the World Cup name.
All of the World Challenge Cup and Individual Apparatus World Cup competitions remain open to all athletes, while the All-Around World Cup competitions are by invitation only, according to the results of the previous World Championships or Olympic Games.
In 2021, the All-Around World Cup series was canceled because of the COVID-19 pandemic and has not been brought back for the 2021-2024 Olympic cycle.
Hosts.
A number of nations across six different continents have hosted the events, including the World Cup Finals, World Cup qualifiers, as well as the World Cup and World Challenge Cup stages from 1975 to 2023.
Olympic qualification.
FIG announced prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics that the test event for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan and subsequent Olympics would no longer serve to qualify additional teams and individual event specialists.
FIG later released a video explaining the specifics of the new qualification process, including the role of the various World Cup series.
While the World Challenge Cup Series remains strictly a series of individual competitions, the final All-Around World Cup (C-II) series and Individual Apparatus World Cup (C-III) series gain importance as they allow gymnasts to qualify additional spots to the Olympic Games.
Specifically, the first, second, and third-place finishing countries in the All-Around World Cup series in the Olympic year each qualify a non-nominative spot to the Olympic Games in addition to the four team spots qualified at a previous World Championship.
The winning countries are announced in the spring, and they are required to give the spot to a gymnast by the deadline shortly before the Olympics that summer.
The Individual Apparatus World Cup series allows four additional gymnasts to qualify Olympic spots.
The overall winner on each apparatus for the series beginning two years before the Olympics and concluding the spring of the Olympic year wins a nominative spot to the Olympics, meaning they are not dependent on their countries' federation to grant them a spot.
Each gymnast can only qualify as the winner of one event, meaning if a gymnast wins the series on both uneven bars and balance beam, they still only use one of the available spots to qualify to the Olympics.
Additionally, countries that have already qualified a full team at a prior World Championship can only win up to one additional spot from each Cup series.
If a gymnast from a previously qualified country wins the overall vault series title, and another gymnast from the same country wins the floor exercise title, a tiebreaker is used to determine which one qualifies to the Olympic Games.
However, if the overall winners of the two apparatus series are both from a country which has not qualified a full team at the World Championships, both advance to the Olympics.
The FIG also announced a policy to prevent countries from using one gymnast to qualify multiple spots to the Olympics so that the spots would be most accurately distributed based on a country's depth.
Gymnasts are not allowed to qualify spots from multiple different ways.
Spots are awarded in chronological order, meaning the first spots are awarded at the World Championships in the two years prior to the Olympics, followed by the non-nominative spots won by countries in the All-Around World Cup series in the spring of the Olympic year, followed by the nominative spots won by individual gymnasts in the Individual Apparatus World Cup series, followed by the non-nominative spots won by gymnasts at the continental championships generally held in the summer.
The qualification rule combined with the chronological awarding of spots has two major consequences.
First, since countries that qualified full teams are only eligible for two additional, non-team spots, if they win a non-nominative spot at the All-Around World Cup series and a nominative spot at the Individual Apparatus World Cup series, they are ineligible to earn a third additional spot, even if their gymnast wins the continental championship.
Second, gymnasts who competed at the World Championships and qualified a spot with the team are not eligible to qualify a spot through the Individual Apparatus World Cup series or the continental championships, as these spots, whether nominative or non-nominative, are won by an individual gymnast.
They are, however, still eligible to be named to a non-nominative individual spot for their country and compete at the Olympics as long as an eligible gymnast won the spot they are using.
Despite this option, in 2018 several gymnasts decided to try to win a nominative spot through the Individual Apparatus World Cup series over the next two years.
In anticipation of their countries' qualifying a full team to the Olympics at the 2018 World Championships, several gymnasts, most notably uneven bars specialist Fan Yilin of China, vault and floor exercise specialist Jade Carey of the United States, and vault specialist Maria Paseka of Russia announced that they would not try to qualify for the World Championships so that they would not be prevented from qualifying a nominative spot through the Individual Apparatus World Cup series.
Successful nations.
Marco Aurelio Zunino Costa (born 12 November 1976) is a Peruvian actor, singer, songwriter and dancer.
In his country has starred in the musicals "Jesucristo Superstar", "Cabaret", "Rent" and "Amor sin barreras (West Side Story)".
Zunino debuted on Broadway, starring as Billy Flynn in "Chicago", in the Ambassador Theatre (New York).
Early years.
Costa was born on 12 November 1976 in Ponce, Puerto Rico.
His parents had migrated to Puerto Rico from Peru due to the agrarian reform.
His parents returned to Peru when Costa was eight months old.
Zunino Costa is of Peruvian ancestry via his father.
He studied at Colegio Italiano Antonio Raimondi de La Molina.
Malegapuru William Makgoba (born 1952 in Sekhukhune, South Africa) is a leading South African immunologist, physician, public health advocate, academic and former vice-chancellor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
In 2013 he was recognised as "a pioneer in higher education transformation", by being awarded the Order of Mapungubwe in Silver, but has also generated extensive controversy during that process.
He is also responsible for the unjust and unfair dismissal of several high profile academics from UDW and was accused of sexual harassment from his direct staff.
Academic career.
Makgoba received an MBChB degree from the University of Natal Medical School in 1976 with merit in medicine.
In 1979 he was named the first black Nuffield Dominion Fellow to the University of Oxford, where he completed his DPhil degree in human immunogenetics in 1983 under Professor Sir Andrew McMichael.
The title of his thesis was "Studies on the polymorphism of HLA class II antigens".
He went on to become the first senior registrar to fellow expatriate South African and President of Royal College of Physicians of London, Sir Raymond Hoffenberg, in 1983.
Makgoba was appointed the first black deputy vice-chancellor at the University of the Witwatersrand in 1995.
Makgoba left Wits University to join the South African Medical Research Council.
He was appointed the first black Chairperson of the MRC Board(1995-1998).
He thereafter served as President of the South African Medical Research Council between 1999 and 2002 and was involved in developing South Africa's AIDS strategy and the SA AIDS Vaccine Initiative.
Professor Makgoba joined the former University of Natal as its Vice-Chancellor in 2002, and oversaw its merger with the University of Durban-Westville into the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
UKZN is one of the top five research-intensive universities in the country and ranked amongst the top 500 Universities in the World.
Prof. Makgoba has been closely involved with the funding in 2011 of a new 4,000 square metre HIV and tuberculosis research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (KRITH) at the university's medical school.
Achievements.
Scientific contributions.
Working with Drs.
Clashes with "inbred elite" at the University of the Witwatersrand.
Shortly after his appointment as deputy vice chancellor of Wits, Makgoba announced to "The Times Higher Education Supplement" that it was his intention to replace the university's "dominant eurocentrism", and called the university leadership a "small inbred elite" In response, 13 senior staff compiled a dossier contradicting claims made in his curriculum vitae.
Makgoba responded with his own accusations, based on the personal files of the 13, of tax evasion, inconsistent salary scales, nepotism, lack of qualifications and misrepresentation of credentials.
Makgoba was temporarily suspended by the university for abusing his position to access the academics' personal files.
Journalist and biographer Mark Gevisser commented that "No intellectual debate defines our times more than that which racked the University of Witwatersrand in 1995" Mahmood Mamdani stated that "Makogba was a victim of the 'racialised power' entrenched at Wits".
In it, he affirmed his commitment to the idea of an African Renaissance and to "transforming the higher education landscape".
Guy Martin, professor at the School of Government of the University of the Western Cape, referred to the book as "a personal account of the recent process of transformation occurring at Wits."
Martin noted that, while Makgoba was "justifiably proud of his considerable achievements as an African scientist", the force with which he defends his credentials in the book "leads him to sound intellectually pompous and arrogant and utterly self-centered, if not downright egocentric".
Martin also questioned Makgoba's "resort to some unorthodox--and, possibly, unethical--methods of struggle", and noted his own "uneasiness in attempting to disentangle objective reality from opinion, and fact from fiction" while reading the book.
White males as "baboons and bonobos".
In 2005, "The Mail and Guardian" newspaper published an opinion piece by Professor Makgoba entitled "The wrath of the dethroned white male" which compared the behaviour of white South African males in post-Apartheid South Africa to "baboons or bonobos" who had lost their alpha status, and were in need of "treatment and proper African rehabilitation".
This article was debated heavily in the press, and provoked a response the following week from Robert Morrell, a professor in the Faculty of Education at UKZN under Makgoba.
In that article, Morrell argued that Makgoba's article could rightfully be interpreted as "bullying managerial practice".
Later that year, Morrell brought a defamation case against Makgoba, primarily citing claims made about Morrell in an email sent out to staff.
Morrell dropped the case three years later, following the death of his wife, and citing concern for his "own health and well-being".
Accusations of stifling academic freedom at UKZN.
The Committee for Academic Freedom in Africa issued a statement in 2006 in protest against alleged infractions of academic freedom at the University of KwaZulu-Natal under Makgoba.
This partly arose from his treatment of critics, particularly those involved with the shack dwellers' movement Abahlali baseMjondolo, of his ordering the eviction of shack dwellers living on the campus.
Later that year he brought disciplinary action against one of the critics, UKZN academic Fazel Khan, for "bringing the university into disrepute", after Khan had answered questions put to him by the media after he was airbrushed out of a picture and removed from the text of an article on a film he had made that was printed in the University newsletter.
Later that year "The Mercury" newspaper reported that Makgoba had threatened to, at the request of the mayor of Durban, bring evidence from the National Intelligence Agency to the council and to charge academics who had been working with the shack dweller's movement Abahlali baseMjondolo with "incitement".
Staff were also banned from speaking to the media during a two-week strike in February 2006.
In 2007, the university senate invited faculties to make submissions on academic freedom.
Preparation of the faculty of science and agriculture's submission was led by Professors Nithaya Chetty and John Van den Berg, who spoke to the press in April 2008 after Makgoba, as chairperson of the senate, blocked the submission several times, claiming that it was "self-serving and contributed nothing to the debate."
Van den Berg and Chetty also voiced their frustrations that the submissions were to be investigated only by a one-man subcommittee of the senate, consisting of former education minister Sibusiso Bengu, rather than being discussed in senate itself.
Makgoba, as chair of the senate, blocked discussions of academic freedom.
When Van den Berg criticised this, Makgoba accused him racism, cowardice, insubordination and lack of academic productivity.
Van den Berg voiced his frustrations in the press, and sent a letter to Makgoba which he also read out at a senate meeting.
In response, in August 2008, the university brought disciplinary action against the two professors for having spoken to the press, in part for their criticism of Makgoba.
They were charged with breaches of confidentiality, dishonesty and "gross negligence", and threatened with dismissal.
Although the matter had initially been resolved by mediation, this was rejected by university lawyers, who instead required that Chetty and Van den Berg sign admission of guilt forms, which they refused to do.
Prof Alan Rycroft, representing the two professors, said of the matter, "As a labour lawyer, I have to question what kind of advice the legal team is giving to the vice-chancellor.
If there has been misconduct, workplace discipline is meant to be corrective, not punitive."
Professor Van den Berg reached an agreement with the university's lawyers.
The terms included that the agreement would stand before the university council, that Van den Berg would express his regret and apologise unreservedly to the university, council, senate and to Makgoba for any harm that he may have caused, "reputationally or otherwise" and accept that senate had resolved that Makgoba was entitled to remove "academic freedom" from the senate agenda.
The university agreed that Van den Berg had not been grossly negligent in claiming to the press that Makgoba had no right to do so.
Van den Berg was also issued a final written warning and agreed never to make "disparaging remarks" about Makgoba in the media.
Professor Chetty resigned, citing concern for himself and his loved ones.
A representative of the Freedom of Expression Institute, said of the resignation, "I think he was forced into a position where he felt he had to resign.
The disciplinary process, with such expensive legal counsel, was set up so that the professors would lose."
The disciplinary proceedings were condemned by several prominent national organisations, including the South African National Editors Forum, the Congress of South African Trade Unions, the Freedom of Expression Institute and the SA Mathematical Society.
South African Education minister at the time, Naledi Pandor raised concern over the "persistent negative publicity" the situation had generated.
A Council Committee on Governance and Academic Freedom (GAFC) including former Public Protector Advocate Selby Baqwa was set up internally by the University.
In 2009 it found that, although there were problems dealing with academics who spoke to the media and with the manner of conduct of disciplinary hearings, Makgoba and the university had not threatened academic freedom.
This was in spite of "two years of repeated criticism, both locally and abroad, of its commitment to academic freedom.".
At the time, Makgoba as President of the Medical Research Council took a leading role in the fight against AIDS denialism and the right for the freedom of scientific inquiry and was signatory and co-editor of the "Durban Declaration on HIV and AIDS" in July 2000.
False allegations of sexual harassment.
Makgoba, along with the council chairman, stepped aside from their positions on 28 November 2006, after a scandal emerged involving claims of sexual harassment and victimisation levelled by the dean of the Faculty of Management Studies, Pumela Msweli-Mbanga.
Judge Magid chaired the enquiry into the sexual harassment allegations.
Makgoba denied these claims and relinquished his post pending the outcome of an enquiry.
Makgoba was subsequently found not guilty and resumed his position as Vice-Chancellor.
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,016.
Its county seat is Wampsville.
The county is named after James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, and was first formed in 1806.
Madison County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.
History.
Indigenous peoples had occupied areas around Oneida Lake for thousands of years.
The historic Oneida Indian Nation is an Iroquoian-speaking people who emerged as a culture in this area about the fourteenth century and dominated the territory.
They are one of the Five Nations who originally comprised the Iroquois Confederacy or "Haudenosaunee".
This was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State around Albany as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean.
It was claimed by the English but largely occupied by the Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga and Mohawk, who had the territory in the central Mohawk Valley, as well as Mahican near the Hudson River.
On July 3, 1766, the English organized Cumberland County, and on March 16, 1770, they organized Gloucester County, both containing territory now included in the state of Vermont.
On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County.
One of the other pieces, Tryon County, contained the western portion (and thus, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically still extended west to the Pacific).
The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately five miles west of the present city of Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the Delaware River.
The area then designated as Tryon County includes 37 current counties of New York State.
The county was named for William Tryon, the colonial governor of New York.
In the years prior to the outbreak of revolution in 1776, tensions rose in the frontier areas upstate and most of the Loyalists in Tryon County fled to Canada.
In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, New York changed the name of Tryon County to Montgomery County, in honor of the general, Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec.
As allies of the Patriots, the Oneida Indian Nation was allocated land by the United States in the postwar settlement for a reservation near Oneida Lake, in their traditional homeland.
But settlers were hungry for land, and in 1788 Governor Clinton's representatives persuaded the Oneida to cede some of their territory to the state for sale to European-American settlers.
This was called the "Clinton Purchase", after Governor George Clinton.
The land comprised the southern portion of the Oneida reservation.
It has also been called the Twenty Townships, as these were the number organized after New York controlled the land.
As this sale was never ratified by the United States Senate, it was declared unconstitutional in a ruling by the United States Supreme Court in the late twentieth century.
New York State had no legal authority after the Revolution and the formation of the United States to negotiate separately with American Indian tribes.
In 1789, Montgomery County was reduced in size by the splitting off of Ontario County.
This was later divided to form the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Orleans, Steuben, Wyoming, Yates, and part of Schuyler and Wayne counties.
In 1791, Herkimer and Tioga counties were two of three counties split off from Montgomery County (the other being Otsego County).
Chenango County was formed in 1798 from parts of Tioga and Herkimer counties.
Finally, Madison County was created from Chenango County in 1806.
About 1802, the Oneida agreed to allocate about 22,000 acres of their land to the Stockbridge and Munsee (Lenape), who were seeking refuge from anti-Native American conflicts by American settlers after the Revolution.
The two peoples were pressured to leave New York for Wisconsin in the 1820s, to make more land available for European-American settlement.
The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled the purchase was unconstitutional, as New York did not have the treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and had no authority under the U.S. Constitution to deal directly with the Oneida, a right reserved to the federal government.
In 2010 the state offered the Oneida Tribe of Wisconsin more than 300 acres in Sullivan County in the Catskill Mountains, with permission to construct a gambling casino, and two acres in Madison County, to settle their part of the suit.
Several private and public interests oppose the deal, including other federally recognized tribes in New York.
Geography.
Madison County is located in central New York State, just east of Syracuse, north of Binghamton, and slightly north of due west from Albany.
Madison County contains the geographic center of the state at Pratts Hollow in the Town of Eaton.
Oneida Lake and Oneida Creek define part of the northern boundary.
The Great Swamp, formerly located south of the lake, was a rich wetlands habitat important to many species of birds and wildlife.
This was drained by local and state construction projects in the early decades of the twentieth century, chiefly by Italian immigrants.
The fertile soil supported high production of onions and other commodity crops, and the Italian families grew wealthy from their work.
The area was known as "Black Beach" for its mucklands.
Chittenango Creek defines much of the western boundary.
Adjacent counties and areas.
Chenango County is across the southern border.
Onondaga and Cortland counties form the western border, with Onondaga serving as Madison County's longest and most prominent border.
Otsego County forms a short boundary in the southeastern corner of Madison County.
Oneida County shares a northeastern border with Madison County.
Oneida Lake is the northern border with part of Oswego County on the opposite shore.
Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 69,441 people, 25,368 households, and 17,580 families residing in the county.
The population density was .
There were 28,646 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.04.
The median age was 36 years.
For every 100 females there were 96.30 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.
Much of Madison County is rural.
However, the communities along NY Route 5 are suburbs of Syracuse, as is Cazenovia.
Communities.
Larger Settlements.
The towns in southern Madison County originated from the Twenty Townships ceded by the Oneida tribe to the State of New York.
Politics.
For the majority of its history, Madison County has been a mostly Republican county, with the party's presidential candidates winning the county in every election but one from 1884 to 1992.
However, the margins of victory for the two parties in recent elections have been quite different.
Abhijit Mukherjee is an Indian professor, scientist and currently Professor of Geology and Geophysics and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of IIT Kharagpur.
He has been selected for Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 2020 in the field of Earth Atmosphere Ocean and Planetary Sciences.
Abhijit Mukherjee presently works as an associate professor at the Department of Geology and Geophysics and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)Kharagpur.
Previously, he has also served in Editorial role in Journal of Hydrology (Elsevier) and Applied Geochemistry (Elsevier).
He is well known for his contribution in the field of Groundwater Geology or Hydrogeology.
Mukherjee's main research areas are physical, chemical and isotope hydrogeology, including numerical flow modeling, computation, contaminant transport, water policy applications.
He is globally known for his studies on geological and human-sourced groundwater pollution (e.g. arsenic, fluoride, sanitation-borne and emerging contaminants) in more than a dozen countries.
He also specializes in groundwater-surface water interactions.
In India, this work has provided input to the government in understanding country's drinking water and food security.
He has also done extensive work on groundwater quantity and scarcity by understanding decadal-scale groundwater storage changes over the Indian subcontinent by using advanced computation and Artificial Intelligence techniques.
Early life.
Mukherjee hails from Kolkata.
He studied in South Point High School and Calcutta University.
He went to United States for higher studies and post-doctoral research.
Mukherjee worked in Canada for several years and after returning to India joined in IIT-Kharagpur.
Mukherjee works there as an associate professor at the Department of Geology and Geophysics and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering.
Mukherjee completed Bachelor of Science with Honors (B.Sc.
He went to United States for higher studies and post-doctoral research.
He holds another master's degree from University of Kentucky, USA, 2003 in Geology (Hydrogeology).
His master's thesis involved studying VOC and radioactive contamination through groundwater-river water interaction in a tributary to the Ohio River in western Kentucky.
Later he completed his PhD from University of Kentucky, USA, 2006 in Geology (Hydrogeology).
The subject of his doctoral thesis was "Deeper groundwater flow and chemistry of the arsenic contaminated aquifers of the western Bengal basin, West Bengal, India."
Renowned hydrogeolostist, Dr. Alan Fryar acted as his academic advisor.
Mukherjee also holds a Professional Diploma in Software Engineering, from National Institute of Information Technology (NIIT), India, 2001.
Career.
Mukherjee is currently the associate professor at the Department of Geology and Geophysics and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur from March 2016.
He joined the institute as an assistant professor from September 2010.
He served as a Physical Hydrogeologist at Alberta Geological Survey, Energy Resources Conservation Board of Government of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada from 2008 to 2010.
Prior to that he was Postdoctoral Fellow at Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA from 2006 to 2008.
Research.
Mukherjee's works was acknowledged, nationally and internationally.
He researched on the subject of groundwater exploration for suitable and sustainable drinking water sources including Arsenic and other contaminants.
His research group developed an AI prediction model for detecting groundwater Arsenic in the Ganges delta.
Mukherjee and his co -workers work on various groundwater studies to determine the results and consequences thereby taking the necessary steps to help the mankind at large.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in predicting future groundwater resources, Assessment of effects of sedimentation and tectonics on hydrology and regional, numerical groundwater flow and hydrogeochemical evolution simulations of the Canadian Rocky Mountain foreland basins.
He has done research work in various counties, including Argentina, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Costa Rica, India, and USA.
Mukherjee is regarded as one of the most well known hydrogeology in South Asia.
He has done field-based and numerical research quality and quantity of groundwater-sourced drinking water availability across India have significantly contributed to the recent advancement of groundwater research in India.
He has also authored the long-term groundwater policy and management plans for the Government of West Bengal as their Vision 2020 on drinking water.
Dr. Mukherjee's research work on geological and human influences on groundwater pollution (arsenic, pesticide, sanitation-sourced fecal pollution) in the Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra river basins has attracted wide national and international attention.
He is regarded as the leading groundwater pollution expert in the country and serves as a member of Fluoride Task Force of Government of West Bengal.
He was one of the first Indian scientists to propose a "Water Security Bill" for India.
This led to his invitation in 2014 as Witness to the Estimate Committee of the Parliament of India.
This research provided unprecedented support to the Government of India missions in evaluating outcomes of missions like MNREGA on groundwater rejuvenation in parts of India.
The work was also highlighted as the Image of the Day (September 22, 2017) in NASA website.
Awards and recognitions.
Mukherjee has been endowed with various awards for his exemplary work.
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards in 2020.
He has been awarded with Kharaka award which is bestowed annually to excellence in research in geochemistry.
He received the Faculty Excellence Award at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in the year 2018.
The Newton-Bhabha Research Grant Award (as member of consortium), NERC(UK)-DST (India) was awarded to him in 2018.
He received the prestigious National Geoscience Award 2014, Government of India, conferred in 2016 by president of India.
Mukherjee is well known for his authoritative publications in some of the most respected subject journals published by the global publishers like Elsevier, Springer-Nature, Nature Publishing Group, AGU, Geoscience World etc. as well as books published by Springer, Elsevier etc..
These publications are primarily on groundwater systems across the globe.
The journals includes Nature Geoscience, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Hydrology, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Water Resources Research, Advances in Water Research, Science of Total Environment, Applied Geochemistry etc.
Several of the countries in these studied areas host some of the densest population across the world and the highest global users of groundwater, e.g.
India, USA, China, and Pakistan.
The available groundwater is often extravagantly abstracted thereby characterizing much of the areas as under very high water stressed.
Additionally, geogenic and anthropogenic pollution of groundwater pose larger uncertainty and constraints even on the available groundwater.
Hence, the global to local-scale challenges highlights the need of creating solid evidence and knowledge-bases for integrated scientific and technological advances, as well as building policy and management capacities in order to adapt and evolve for the present day groundwater needs and potential groundwater demand for future generations in a sustainable manner.
A., Guo,H., (eds. ), 2020 (in press). (ed. ), 2020 (in-press). (ed.
), 2018.
Groundwater of South Asia.Springer, , 799 pgs. (eds.
He trained in Antwerp and later moved to the Dutch Republic where he worked in The Hague.
He was active as a decorative painter of flowers for wall and ceiling decorations, often in collaboration with Mattheus Terwesten.
Life.
Instead he moved in 1697 to The Hague where he remained active for the rest of his life.
By moving to the Dutch Republic Pieter followed in the footsteps of many of his fellow Antwerp artists who left their home country which was affected by frequent attacks and invasions by French troops.
His brother Simon joined him in The Hague from 1697, allegedly to escape his creditors in Antwerp.
Simon later moved to Breda where he received a commission to paint a chimney piece for the palace of William III of England.
Pieter joined in 1700 the Confrerie Pictura, a more or less academic society of artists founded in 1656 in The Hague.
He received commissions from Baron van Smettau, the ambassador of the Prussian King Frederick I of Prussia.
He painted many flower pieces for Huis Honselaarsdijk, the Prussian King's country house in the Dutch Republic.
These works were so appreciated by the king that they were later shipped to his palace in Prussia.
He had other prominent patrons including the mayor of Rotterdam Willem van Hogendorp and his brother the treasurer for whom he made decorative paintings for their residences.
He also received commissions from the Abbey for four large flower paintings representing the four seasons.
The artists often worked together on decorations of residences in The Hague.
The count of Wassenaar was one of his patrons and commissioned him to make decorative paintings in his palatial home in Voorhout.
After the death of his first wife with whom he had three children, he contracted a second marriage with a Miss Bruinestein, with whom he had no children.
He is said to have become melancholic towards the end of his career as a result of a drop in demand for his fruit and flower pieces and decorative paintings.
He died in The Hague where his death was recorded on in September 1748.
Works.
These works were often chimney and doorway pieces which were placed over mantelpieces or door mantels as decoration.
Flemish still life painting at the end of the 17th century showed a preference for decorative effect over naturalistic representation.
The trend was initiated by contemporary Flemish artists Jan Baptist Bosschaert and Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and was also followed by Pieter's brother Simon as well as Pieter Casteels III.
The vases were often depicted in outdoor settings with figures.
Family.
Her younger half-sister was Dorothea von Medem, for whom she carried out diplomatic work.
In 1771 she married Kammerherr Georg Peter Magnus von der (1739-1795), living with him at Neuenburg Castle (now Jaunpils Castle).
She separated from him in 1776 and divorced in 1781.
Their daughter, Frederika von der Recke, died in 1777.
Life.
She got to know Goethe, Schiller, Wieland, Herder and other European literary figures, and intensified their relationships through prolific correspondence.
From 1798 she lived almost exclusively in Dresden, and from 1804 cohabited there with her friend Christoph August Tiedge.
Their meetings were religio-sentimentalist in tone, with the singing of chorales by Johann Gottlieb Naumann.
Her works consisted mainly of pietist-sentimentalist poems, journals and memoirs.
Elisa von der Recke looked after thirteen foster daughters.
The House of Discarded Dreams is a 2010 fantasy novel by Ekaterina Sedia about a college student who experiences many fairy tales and legends as she finds her place in the world.
Summary.
The main character, Vimbai, is a young college student studying invertebrate zoology, who is trying to escape her Zimbabwean culture and her overbearing immigrant mother.
After skipping class and taking a walk on the beach, Vimbai finds an ad for a house to rent in the sand dunes.
The opportunity comes at the perfect time, and Vimbai decides it is time to leave her parents house to find herself.
She moves in with Maya, a bartender in an Atlantic City casino and Felix, whose life is a mystery.
Strange events being to take place, causing the reader to question its reality.
Vimbai finds a psychic energy baby living in the telephone wires and discovers that Felix has a pocket universe instead of hair.
As if things couldn't get any more strange, her dead Zimbabwean grandmother begins doing dishes in the kitchen.
Strange beings start moving under the porch and the house continues to grow and drastically change to include forests and lakes as it sails off into the ocean.
Creatures from African urban legends all but take over as the house gets lost at sea.
Vimbai has to find a way back to the real world and turns to horseshoe crabs in the ocean for help in getting home.
In order to do so, she finds that she must come to terms with her past... A past that only exists in discarded dreams.
Zimbabwean urban legends appear frequently throughout the novel.
The overall effect of the novel is dreamily compelling rather than preposterous and Sedia shows how competing natural and supernatural worlds can enrich each other.
Characters.
Vimbai.
Vimbai, the main character of this book, is a college student of African descent, who moves out of her parents' house and into the House of Discarded Dreams, where she begins to find herself.
Maya.
Maya, Vimbai's new roommate, is an Atlantic City bartender, who adapts well to the house's supernatural transformation.
Felix.
Felix lives in the house of discarded dreams as well.
For the most part, he is an isolated person.
If he wouldn't have his abnormal knowledge and hair, he would have to pay rent in a different way.
Vimbai's grandmother.
Vimbai's Grandmother is a spirit who vimbai brought to our world.
She could be better classified as a ghost.
Her stories and cultural obsession have a big impact on Vimbai's roots and story itself.
Maya's grandmother.
Maya's grandmother is a spirit brought back to our world as well.
PEB.
PEB or Physical Energy Baby is a psychic baby who, besides his looks, is an adult.
Don't get fool by his rough voice and many fingers.
He is friendly and could be very helpful at times.
The Man-Fish.
The Man-Fish comes from a Zimbabwean myth.
In the novel Vimbai has a dream that she becomes a man-fish.
The myth explains a boy who goes swimming and drowns, the catfish steals his soul.
The catfish then became the Man-Fish, always a catfish at heart but always preying on another body for another soul.
There is other Zimbabwe folklore that can relate and even explain the Man-Fish.
Balshazaar.
He had lived in Felix's universe until Vimbai, Felix, and Maya took him out and gave him a phantom leg in exchange for information.
Balshazaar wants to escape Felix's universe and never return.
He then uses the phantom leg to make a deal with the wazimamoto.
They drain Felix of his pocket universe in exchange for the souls of the horseshoe crabs.
Horseshoe crabs.
The horseshoe crabs are first introduced when Vimbai is taking a walk on the beach.
She comes across a dead crab lying on the sand.
This is when we are informed of her love for these invertebrates and also her love for marine biology.
She then finds another dead crab but this time a piece of paper was held between its legs.
This paper was what led her to Maya, Felix, and the house.
It was because of this crab that Vimbai had this crazy adventure.
Immigrant from Zimbabwe.
Fights with Vimbai's father a lot.
Does not pay mind to Vimbai, but instead is worried about her job.
Is an Africana Studies professor at University near their house.
Very stern in her faith.
Had to fight for everything.
Fungai and his uncle.
We are not given a lot of information about Fungai.
He is a skeleton, which means he had a past life as a human.
Fungai is a skeleton who drives a very Cadillac painted bubble gum pink.
He wears a tattered tuxedo.
It also seems Fungai must feed on human skin in order to survive or it makes him stronger and healthier.
Fungai also has an uncle.
We are not given a name.
Fungai's uncle is a baby with a television as its head.
This is all we learn about the uncle.
Setting.
The book is set in southern New Jersey, where Vimbai lives with her parents.
From there the book opens with Vimbai attending school where her mother is a professor of African studies.
The majority of the book going forward is set in a house in the dunes on a beach, from which point the characters dreams take them and the house out to sea, with stops in places such as West Africa, and the Cooper University Hospital where Vimbai's father works.
Themes.
The recurring themes found in Sedia's the "House of Discarded Dreams" are those of a basic hero's journey.
Vimbai is attempting to discover who she is but also struggles with the notion of being stuck between cultures, having strictly raised African parents, and Vimbai being born American, but raised with the two cultures as her influence in life.
Culture and folklore.
Select aspects of the Zimbabwean culture, such as the Shona language and religion, show up in "The House of Discarded Dreams".
Sedia also employs on the Zimbabwean folkloric character called the "wazimamoto", a fire-truck driving vampiric character that is traditionally seen as stealing the "cultural blood" of the people (i.e. destroys their traditional culture).
Sedia's portrayal of the wazimamoto differs slightly in the way that the character drives a medical truck and brings its victims to a hospital.
Use of historical figures.
The novel mentions many well-known African and African-American figures.
The individuals mentioned are either literary or political figures who have a connection to Africa.
Some of the individuals include, Robert Mugabe, Octavia Butler, Amos Tutuola, Fay Chung, and Wangari Maathai.
A few others include Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and Oprah.
Mugabe was the first real world individual to be mentioned in this novel.
However, unlike the others mentioned, he is not represented as a natural landmark.
Robert was first brought up in Chapter 3 during a conversation between Vimabi's parents.
They speak of how they highly dislike him and what he has done to their home country of Zimbabwe.
Vimabi's mother quotes the head of the Africana Studies who said "Mugabe is the worst thing that ever happened to Zimbabwe." which leads to finding out about how Mugabe is involved in corruption.
At the end of chapter 5, Mugabe is brought up again.
We then learn that a favorites flower shop in Zimbabwe had been destroyed under the orders of Mugabe.
The rest of the figures in the novel were not included as much as Mugabe was.
Unfortunately only 4 of the 10 total figures included in this novel were actually given named landmarks, and the other 6 were just briefly named.
The landmarks given include, Malcolm X Mountains, Martin Luther King Forest, Achebe River, and the lake with the catfish in it was named after Marechera.
As for the other 6 figures, their landmarks were not given, but it was stated that they would be included in the dream-world.
Maya spoke of how she wanted more literary figures, therefore including Octavia Butler, who is an African-American science fiction writer.
Sticking with their occurring theme of literary figures, Vimbai says that Amos Tutuola, a Nigerian fantasy writer would be included in their dream-world next.
Not only are literary figures included in their dream-world but Vimabi insisted that they included Wangari Maathai, who is a Nobel Peace Prize winner.
Publishing Information.
Ekaterina Sedia's novel The House of Discarded Dreams was published by Prime Books and distributed by Diamond Book Distributors.
Critical reaction.
"Publishers Weekly" called it a "quirky, joyous fantasy", criticising plotting but praising Sedia's lyrical style.
The "Denver Post" described it as "a beguiling, surrealistic fantasy wonderfully brought to logic-defying life".
Mighty Oak is a 2020 American comedy-drama musical film directed by Sean McNamara.
Plot.
A young guitarist, reminiscent of a late vocalist, joins a musical band which leads to theories of reincarnation.
Production.
Most of the film was shot in Ocean Beach and other parts of San Diego.
Players in the National Hockey League wear equipment which allows their team affiliation to be easily identified, unifying the image of the team.
Currently, an NHL uniform consists of a hockey jersey, hockey pants, socks, gloves, and a helmet.
Background.
Historically, the only standardized piece of the equipment has been the sweater (jersey), which has to be of identical design by the same company for all members of a team.
Other elements merely have a number scheme, allowing individual players to select their own brand and model coloured to match the uniform but not necessarily identical in appearance.
Goalies often have their pads and gloves and masks coloured to match the team's colour scheme, but there is no requirement for this equipment to match, and goalies who transfer to a new team often play in their old equipment until new colours can be obtained.
Alternatively, players who transfer teams have sometimes had their gloves painted temporarily to match the required colours, and are given new helmets.
The only elements allowed by NHL rules to be interchangeable between the two sets of equipment are the pants and gloves.
Third Sweater Program.
Starting in 1995 (excluding a few prior isolated instances), some teams began to design a third sweater, or alternate sweater, which allowed them to experiment with new designs or throwback to a vintage design.
Though they are termed third sweaters, they can actually entail an entirely separate look from the primary equipment, often including alternate socks, and sometimes alternate helmets and other equipment.
Some third sweaters have eventually become the bases for new primary sweater designs.
Third sweaters are typically worn only a few times a season by special permission of the league, based on a list of requested games.
They can also be worn during selected playoff games.
A team's desire to wear their third sweater sometimes requires the opposing team to wear their home or road sweater when the opposite would be normally worn, due to the colour of the third sweater.
This can occur when a road team wishes to wear a coloured third sweater, or a home team wishes to wear a white third sweater, as there must be one team each wearing white and coloured uniforms in a game.
This can require a team to carry two sets of uniforms and equipment on the road, whether they are using their third sweaters, or are playing against a team who is.
Sweaters.
As hockey originates as an outdoor winter sport where players wore sweaters, this terminology has been retained to describe what is probably the most recognized element of a team's equipment (which is the only element which is mass marketed to the public).
Most NHL sweaters (jerseys) display the team's primary logo in the center of the chest, while some also display secondary logos on the shoulders.
Each player in a team's lineup for a game must have a different number displayed on the back of their sweater, as well as the player's surname above their number on the back of their sweater.
While not required, teams typically place their numbers on each upper arm as well.
Team captains and alternate captains wear the letters "C" and "A" respectively on the front of their sweaters.
Sweaters have a loop of fabric sewn into the inside back, called a "fight strap" or "tie-down", which must be secured to the player's pants during a game, to prevent the sweater from being pulled over the player's head in a fight.
In recent years, teams have sold both "pro" model sweaters, ostensibly identical to those worn by players, and "replica" quality sweaters which are cheaper versions that typically use cheaper production methods and lower-quality materials.
Replica versions typically lack the fight strap, and in recent years have been created by Fanatics.
History.
Prior to 2000, different NHL teams had contracts with different manufacturers for their sweaters.
Manufacturers included CCM, Koho, Nike, Starter, and Pro Player.
The Koho brand was on dark sweaters and third sweaters, while the CCM brand was on the white sweaters.
The Hockey Company began the practice of putting the manufacturer's logo on the back of the sweater, below the neck, rather than on the back of the waist hem, as had previously been the practice.
Following Reebok's purchase of The Hockey Company, all official NHL team sweaters were switched to the Reebok (Rbk Hockey) brand, while cheaper replica sweaters sold to fans retained the CCM branding.
Reebok logos are on the side boards in all NHL arenas (for marketing purposes) just above the blue and red lines.
Reebok Edge (2007-2017).
The "Rbk Edge", or simply "Edge", was a newer line of sweaters designed by Reebok.
They were announced by Reebok after nearly three years of development.
The new sweaters were tighter-fitting, were less water-absorbent, and were more flexible than earlier sweaters.
It was intended to make players more maneuverable on the ice.
Almost every team in the league made at least minor changes to their equipment design in conjunction with implementing the new sweater style.
The San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators, Vancouver Canucks, Dallas Stars, and Washington Capitals redesigned their equipment altogether with a new or updated logo.
The Columbus Blue Jackets and Minnesota Wild used their alternate sweater from the previous three seasons as the basis for their new look, complete with the team adopting the alternate logo from their alternates as their primary logo.
Five of the Original Six teams (excluding the Boston Bruins) as well as the New Jersey Devils kept their previous styles intact when possible, with the Devils going as far as to issue a press release saying that the team had no plans for an event unveiling the Rbk Edge design, because there was nothing new to see.
The Anaheim Ducks and Buffalo Sabres, who both had just redesigned their sweaters the year before the implementation of the Edge sweaters, also left theirs mostly unchanged.
But the Sabres made the logo on the front of their sweater smaller and took away the silver outline on their white away sweater, and the Ducks added orange piping to their sweater's neckline.
Along with the traditional differences between the replica and authentic versions of NHL sweaters, the replica (billed as "premier") versions of the Edge sweater sold to the public have a "jock tag" on the left side of the front near the waist with the Reebok vector, NHL logo, and sweater size.
Citing player complaints, Reebok later modified the Edge sweaters during the 2007-08 season, removing the play-dry material in the front and making the sleeves bigger.
The modified sweaters, dubbed the "Edge 2.0", made their debut at the 2008 NHL Winter Classic on January 1, 2008.
On that occasion, the participating Buffalo Sabres and Pittsburgh Penguins both used throwback designs for the jerseys.
Other teams followed suit, with some players wearing the original Edge design for a few years afterward.
Adidas ADIZERO (2017-2024).
All jerseys are owned by the NHL.
On June 20, 2017, the NHL unveiled new ADIZERO sweaters for each of the 31 teams, including the first uniform for the league's newest team, the Vegas Golden Knights.
The new sweaters are advertised as being lighter, cooler, and stronger than previous jerseys.
When the third jersey program resumed the next season, teams were given the option of wearing either one-off "Heritage" uniforms (normally throwback designs of past sweaters), full-time third jerseys, or either a combination (as is the case for the "Heritage" third jerseys worn by the Arizona Coyotes, Calgary Flames, St. Louis Blues and Winnipeg Jets) or both sets.
The introduction of the "Reverse Retro" jerseys (which were planned to be worn in specific rivalry matchups, a plan hindered by the realignment of divisions due to Covid-19) marks the first time in history that all 31 teams have at least three jerseys.
For the 2022-23 season Reverse Retro's made a return, including the newly added Seattle Kraken.
The new line is intended to be more environmentally-friendly, being manufactured with a minimum of 50 percent of recycled materials.
These jerseys will be used in-game and sold commercially.
As of 2020, the NHL is the only one of the four major professional American sports leagues whose uniforms are not outfitted by Nike.
Fanatics (2024 - ).
Wyshynski reported on March 21, 2023 that Fanatics will be the new supplier of sweaters beginning in the 2024-25 season, after inking a 10-year deal with the NHL.
Other equipment.
A team's gear also includes colour requirements for other equipment, while not requiring players to use a specific brand or model, so they may select equipment to their preferences.
This includes a player's gloves, pants, and helmet.
Socks are also part of the design, historically with some pattern of horizontal stripes.
History.
In 2010, Nai Palm (born Naomi Saalfield) performed a solo show in Melbourne that was witnessed by Paul Bender.
After the show, Bender approached Palm and suggested a collaboration.
After working as a duo for a short time, they recruited Perrin Moss and Simon Mavin in 2011 and formed Hiatus Kaiyote.
Mavin was then a member of The Bamboos but left that band to focus on Hiatus Kaiyote.
Hiatus Kaiyote played their first gig at the 2011 Bohemian Masquerade Ball among sword swallowers, fire twirlers, and gypsy death core bands.
In February 2012, the band opened for Taylor McFerrin in Melbourne.
McFerrin was so impressed with them that he introduced their music to influential broadcaster and record label owner DJ Gilles Peterson.
The band released their debut album "Tawk Tomahawk" independently in April 2012.
It was noticed by numerous musicians including Animal Collective and Dirty Projectors, and the band later received public endorsements from Erykah Badu, Questlove, and Prince, who urged their social media followers to explore the band's music.
Sony gave Remi the opportunity to start his own label, Flying Buddha, and his first signing was Hiatus Kaiyote.
The band licensed "Tawk Tomahawk" to the label, adding an updated version of the song "Nakamarra" featuring Q-Tip.
In 2014, the band began working on their second album, "Choose Your Weapon", which was released on 1 May 2015.
The review aggregator Metacritic gave the album a normalized rating of 87 out of 100, based on 6 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".
On 9 May 2015, "Choose Your Weapon" debuted at number 22 on the Australian albums chart.
Nai Palm described the album as an "extension" of their debut, and stated that she and the band had no intention to make a one-genre body of work.
Many of the songs on the album started with Saalfield's original ideas and were later fleshed out by the band collectively.
During the recording the band wanted to pay tribute to the mixtape format, so they incorporated interludes.
The following year, Kendrick Lamar sampled "Atari" in "Duckworth" from his album "Damn," and Drake sampled "Building a Ladder" on the song "Free Smoke" from his playlist "More Life".
In 2018, Beyonce and Jay-Z sampled "The World It Softly Lulls" in "713" from their album "Everything Is Love".
In 2017, Nai Palm released her debut solo album "Needle Paw".
In June 2018, Palm was featured on "Scorpion" by Drake, who has spoken highly of both her and the band.
She sang a cover of "More Than a Woman" by Aaliyah, which appears at the end of Drake's song "Is There More?".
On 18 October 2018, Palm revealed that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer.
While recuperating in the hospital following a mastectomy, Palm and Bender performed a cover of Curtis Mayfield's "The Makings of You" which was released online.
Palm announced in 2019 that she was cancer-free.
During Palm's recovery period, the other members of Hiatus Kaiyote formed several side projects.
Perrin Moss, under the name Clever Austin, released the solo album "Pareidolia" in 2019.
Simon Mavin formed a band called The Putbacks, and produced the album "Control" by Natalie Slade in 2020.
Paul Bender formed an act called The Sweet Enoughs and released the album "Marshmallow" in 2020.
Bender has also produced albums for Jaala, Vulture St.
Tape Gang, and Laneous.
Bender, Mavin, and Moss also released an all-instrumental album called "Improvised Music 2015-17" in 2020, under the name Swooping (formerly Swooping Duck).
Hiatus Kaiyote reconvened in 2020 and signed a global publishing deal with Warner Chappell Music.
They began work on a new album inspired by Palm's health crisis and her loss of a beloved pet, as well as the social difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The song "Get Sun" was arranged and conducted by Brazilian musician Arthur Verocai.
The album "Mood Valiant" was released on 25 June 2021, and reached the Top Ten on the Australian albums chart.
Awards and nominations.
AIR Awards.
The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector.
APRA Awards.
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.
ARIA Music Awards.
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.
Australian Music Prize.
The Grammy Awards is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognise achievement in the music industry.
J Awards.
The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J.
They commenced in 2005.
Music Victoria Awards.
The Music Victoria Awards, are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music.
They commenced in 2005.
National Live Music Awards.
The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) are a broad recognition of Australia's diverse live industry, celebrating the success of the Australian live scene.
The awards commenced in 2016.
Rolling Stone Australia Awards.
Zeke Piestrup is a filmmaker and television host.
He has hosted shows for Fuel TV (The Daily Habit), The Ski Channel, MetroTV, VH1 and is a former DJ for KROQ-FM.
The film premiered at the 2011 Santa Barbara International Film Festival and went on to win "Best Adventure Film" at the Vail Film Festival and the "Big Bear Connection Award" at the Big Bear Lake International Film Festival.
For the two weeks leading up to May 21, 2011, Piestrup was the only journalist who spoke daily with the doomsday radio evangelist, Harold Camping.
Featured scholars are John J. Collins of Yale Divinity School, Bart D. Ehrman of the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Loren Stuckenbruck of Princeton Theological Seminary, and Peter Lillback, President of Westminster Theological Seminary.
The documentary feature film premiered at Dances With Films on June 8, 2013.
The North Street Station was the railway terminal for Halifax, Nova Scotia from 1877 to 1920.
It was built by the Intercolonial Railway in the North End of Halifax and was the second largest railway station in Canada when it opened in 1878.
Damaged, but repaired after the Halifax Explosion, it served until the current Halifax terminal location opened as part of the Ocean Terminals project in the city's South End in 1919.
Background.
The first railway station in Halifax was built by the Nova Scotia Railway in 1854 at Richmond, Nova Scotia.
A large wooden structure, it consisted of an enclosed train shed covering one track and platforms with series of wings for the ticket offices, waiting rooms and a lunch room and saloon.
The station was functional and without ornamentation as well as inconveniently located two miles from downtown Halifax, connected by a horse-drawn street railway.
After Confederation in 1867, the Nova Scotia Railway was taken over by the Government of Canada and became part of the Intercolonial Railway.
In 1873, the Intercolonial made plans for a large new landmark station worthy of their eastern terminus.
Construction.
The new station was located much closer to downtown at the corner of North Street and Barrington Street thanks to negotiations between the Canadian Government and the British Royal Navy whose Halifax Dockyard had blocked the railway's extension into downtown.
The new station was the second largest in Canada when built, exceeded only by Toronto's Union Station.
The layout of the new Halifax station was designed by the Intercolonial's Chief Engineer Alexander McNab.
The architectural details and working plans were drawn up architects Andrew Dewar and David Stirling, who also designed the Provincial Building and St. David's Presbyterian Church on Grafton Street.
The station was built by the construction firm of Henry Peters.
The station followed the Second Empire architectural style with a mansard roof, a large central clock tower and elaborately decorated dormers.
The main station structure was 113' x 50' with walls of decorated pressed brick rising from a granite base.
The second floor contained more railway offices and a balcony where railway officials could observe operations in the large glass-covered passenger shed, the second glass railway canopy built in Canada.
The shed was 400' by 87' and contained five enclosed tracks and platforms.
A sixth track on the west side outside the shed was used for private railway cars where the rich could disembark in privacy and hook their private cars up to steam heating from the station.
The glass roof was supported by a canopy of 24 iron trusses.
Extensive iron awnings sheltered express wagons on the east side and passenger cabs on the North Street side.
A covered and heated staircase led from the station up to Barrington Street's sidewalks and streetcars.
The ocean liner and immigration terminal at Pier 2 was only a few blocks away making for a convenient transfer to trains at the North Street Station for ocean liner travellers.
Ships with large numbers of immigrants were served by special immigrant passenger trains of Colonist cars ran directly into the wharf side sheds on Pier 2, co-ordinated by the North Street Station.
Service.
The station opened on August 8, 1877 with a special ceremonial train carrying Canadian Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie, followed by a public opening the next day.
The North Street Station was a union station as it served the Intercolonial but also the Windsor and Annapolis Railway (known as the Dominion Atlantic Railway after 1893) and the Halifax and Southwestern Railway after 1901.
The station was the first departure point for such famous named trains as the Ocean Limited in 1904, the Maritime Express and the Flying Bluenose.
In 1902, the King Edward Hotel, the most modern, and one of the largest, hotels in Halifax was built immediately across Barrington Street to the station's west.
The North Street Station served as the focus for important civic events such as the departure of Halifax's contingent in the North-West Rebellion of 1885 and the departure of Canadian troops for the Boer War in 1898.
The entire front of the station was decorated for the return of Boer War troops in 1901.
Following the sinking of RMS Titanic in 1912, numerous private cars of the wealthy filled the special spur beside the station as wealthy families arrived in hopes of identifying and claiming bodies of their loved ones and so many reporters congregated that the station installed extra telegraph lines for their use.
However, by 1912, the North Street Station was reaching its limitations.
Built for fewer and shorter trains in the era of 50-foot wooden passenger cars, the newer longer trains with 80-foot steel cars exceeded the size of the station's platform.
The increased number of trains taxed the station's limited number of platforms.
Hemmed in by Barrington Street to the west, and the Navy dockyard to the east, the station had no room to expand.
Construction of the railway cutting to access the new South End site began in 1913.
World War I.
Construction of the tracks, piers and terminal grounds in the south end had just begun when World War I erupted in 1914.
While track work slowly continued towards the site of the south end terminal, the North Street Station remained the gateway to Halifax and saw the heaviest use in its history.
Thousands of troops arrived in the city prior to embarking overseas followed by thousands of family members and wartime workers piling into the busy wartime port through the North Street Station.
As the war dragged on, increasing numbers of wounded arrived back in Canada aboard hospital ships, met at Pier 2 by special hospital trains outfitted and organized at the North Street Station.
Halifax Explosion.
On December 6, 1917, the French ammunition ship SS Mont-Blanc blew up following a collision in Halifax Harbour, a tragedy known as the Halifax Explosion which killed nearly 2000 people.
Although numerous accounts of the Halifax Explosion erroneously state that the North Street Station was destroyed, it was only damaged, albeit seriously, and quickly resumed service.
On the morning of the Halifax Explosion, the Ocean Limited had just departed and the local train from Truro had just arrived.
The air blast from the explosion collapsed two thirds of the train shed roof.
Virtually all the windows in the station were blown away.
Doors and walls on the exposed third floor were knocked over and the roof was damaged.
In the blizzard that followed the explosion, heating pipes and radiators froze and burst, and portions of the roof collapsed.
More significantly, two miles of the approach tracks to the North Street Station were deeply buried in debris and blocked by wrecked railway equipment.
A few railway employees were killed at the North Street Station, but most railway deaths occurred in the Richmond yards north of the station, including the entire engine crew of a train that had just left the North Street Station.
Relief and passenger trains were temporarily diverted over the recently-laid tracks to the unfinished south end terminal on December 6 and December 7.
However railway workers quickly repaired and cleaned up the North Street Station.
The remaining train shed roof was hauled down and the platform tracks were cleared on December 8.
Windows were boarded up until they could be replaced.
Cranes and track crews cleared the wreckage from the track through Richmond allowing the North Street Station to open for a modified passenger schedule on the evening of December 8.
Full service resumed from the station on December 9.
By January 1918 a new roof had been constructed on the train shed and the express offices had reopened.
.
Final year.
Despite its battered exterior, the North Street Station served for another year of intense passenger traffic as the fighting drew to a close and troops returned home following the Armistice on November 11.
However, the heavy wartime traffic highlighted the limited size of the station's terminal tracks, already noted before the war.
The Royal Canadian Navy was also eyeing the property in hopes of dockyard expansion.
As a result, the South End terminal was brought into permanent operation in 1919.
The last regularly scheduled passenger train left the North Street Station on January 4, 1919.
Although the North Street station saw a few months of sporadic use for freight and special passenger trains, it was demolished sometime in the 1920s.
Today the site of the station is a parking lot opposite the main gate to HMC Dockyard just north of the Angus L. Macdonald Bridge where it crosses Barrington Street.
In popular culture.
The North Street Station provides an important setting in the Canadian novel "Barometer Rising" by Hugh MacLennan where two major characters are killed in a vivid, although wildly-exaggerated depiction of the station's canopy collapse during the Halifax Explosion.
Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church is a historic African-American Baptist church located in Richmond, Virginia.
The church was founded in 1867.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
History. background.
The sanctuary was started in 1867 by John Jasper.
The church began as a confederate horse stable which was situated on Brown's Island.
The church was moved to 14 Duval Street in 1869, and in the 1880s a sanctuary was added by George W. Boyd.
In 1878 Jasper delivered his controversial "De Sun Do Move" (The Sun Do Move) sermon at the church.
Structure.
It is a two-story, Late Gothic Revival style stuccoed brick structure.
It features a large off-center tower that houses the church bell in belfry and accommodates a large stairwell to the gallery.
Attached to the sanctuary is the two-level Jasper Memorial Education Annex added in 1925.
Expansion.
In 2016, Jones's films were selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Films.
Jones's films consist of 29 silent black-and-white films documenting African-American communities in Oklahoma from 1924 to 1928.
They are considered to be "the most extensive film records we have of Southern and urban black life and culture at the time of rapid social and cultural change for African-Americans during the 1920s, the very beginning of the Great Migration, which transformed not only black people as a whole, but America itself."
Personal life.
In addition to his work with film, Jones was a businessman and a Baptist minister, who either established or was the pastor of some 15 churches in his lifetime.
He was the son of ex-slaves, was born in Tennessee and grew up in the South, before moving to Oklahoma, where he lived for most of his life.
Jones also remained active in church politics, holding leadership roles in the National Baptist Convention of America, one of the largest African American denominations in the United States, for many years.
One of these towns was targeted in 1921 by white mobs for one of the worst racist attacks in American history, referred to as the Tulsa race massacre.
More than 800 people were admitted to hospitals and as many as 6,000 black residents were interned in large facilities, many of them for several days.
The Oklahoma Bureau of Vital Statistics officially recorded 36 dead.
A 2001 state commission examination of events was able to confirm that of the 36 dead, 26 were black and 10 white, based on contemporary autopsy reports, death certificates and other records.
It was released in 1991 on Warner Bros. Records.
It includes the singles "It's Over Now," "Scandal," "Deeper Love (Missing You)," "Rejoicing (I'll Never Forget)," and Is It Love?"
Critical reception.
The album rolls over pleasantly with enough Soul II Soul type influence to please Kiss FM but too few hooks to captivate the pop market.
The single that launched her career, "It's Over Now" stands out as the pop crossover track and may well be in line for a re-release.
A gamma-ray burst is a highly luminous flash associated with an explosion in a distant galaxy and producing gamma rays, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, and often followed by a longer-lived "afterglow" emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and radio).
At a total duration of only 3 seconds, GRB 070714B was classified as a short burst, a subclass of GRBs which is believed to be caused by the merger of two neutron stars.
Observations.
The burst lasted only 3 seconds and reached its peak intensity 0.2 seconds after the initial detection.
The optical afterglow was detected by the Liverpool Telescope and the William Herschel Telescope.
Distance record.
It is provided in autonomous public and private universities, university institutes, polytechnic institutes and higher education institutions of other types.
The higher education institutions of Portugal grant the licentiate, master's and doctoral academic degrees, with the last one being reserved to be granted only by the university institutions.
Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of "numerus clausus" is enforced through a national database on student admissions.
In addition, every higher education institution offers also ber of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department.
Portuguese universities have existed since 1290.
The oldest such institution, the University of Coimbra, was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra.
Overview.
In Portugal, the university system has a strong theoretical basis and is highly research-oriented while the polytechnical system provides a more practical training and is profession-oriented.
Degrees in fields such as medicine, law, pharmaceutical sciences, natural sciences, economics, psychology or veterinary medicine are taught only in university institutions.
Other fields like engineering, technology, management, education, agriculture, sports, or humanities are taught both in university and polytechnic institutions.
Specifically vocationally oriented degrees such as, nursing, health care technician, accounting technician, preschool and primary school teaching, are only offered by the polytechnic institutions.
The oldest university is the University of Coimbra founded in 1290.
The Catholic University of Portugal, the oldest "non-state-run" university (concordatary status), was instituted by decree of the Holy See and has been recognized by the State of Portugal since 1971.
It is also possible to transfer from a private institution to a public one (or vice versa) on the same basis.
Many universities are usually organized by college ("faculdade").
Institute ("instituto") and school ("escola") are also common designations for autonomous units of Portuguese higher learning institutions, and are always used in the polytechnic system, though several universities also use these systems.
Access to public higher education institutions is subject to enrollment restrictions (numerus clausus), and students must compete for admission.
Students who hold a diploma of secondary education (12th grade) or the equivalent, who meet all legal requirements, particularly exams in specific subjects in which minimum marks must be obtained, may apply.
Public university's tuition fees are greater than polytechnics', and polytechnic weekend and evening classes are usually organized.
For a large number of academic fields, undergraduate and graduate admission criteria and student evaluation in most public university institutions are usually more selective and demanding than in many private institutions or polytechnic institutions.
Access to private higher education institutions is regulated by each institution.
After 2006, with the approval of new legislation on the frame of the Bologna Process, any polytechnic or university institution of Portugal is able to award a first cycle of study, known as "licenciatura" (licentiate) plus a second cycle which confers a "mestrado" (master's degree).
Before then, only university institutions awarded master's degrees.
All institutions award master's degrees after a second cycle of study, and some universities award integrated master's degrees (joint degrees) through a longer single cycle of study, with fields such as medicine having an initial 6-year study cycle needed for a master's degree.
"Doutoramentos" (PhD degrees) are only awarded by university institutions.
Only university institutions carry out fundamental research in addition to research and development.
There are also special higher education institutions linked with the military and the police.
According to the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the average Portuguese 15-year-old student was for many years underrated and underachieving in terms of reading literacy, mathematics and science knowledge in the OECD, nearly tied with the Italian and just above those from countries like Greece, Turkey and Mexico.
However, since 2010, PISA results for Portuguese students improved dramatically.
If this was true, it could be translated into a higher average level of readiness and academic skill among freshmen attending Portuguese universities and other higher education institutions.
They also claimed that those fallacies are not exclusive of Portugal but indeed occur in other countries due to the way PISA was designed.
Situation.
In addition, there were few institutions of higher education, low levels of secondary education attainment, and a high illiteracy rate for Western European standards.
However, during the last decade of the Estado Novo regime, from the 1960s to the 1974 Carnation Revolution, secondary and university education experienced the fastest growth of Portuguese education's history.
Today higher education, which includes polytechnic institutions and university institutions, is generalized but very heterogeneous, with different tonalities and subsystems.
The Bologna Process created a more uniform and homogeneous higher educational system, at least within the public university and polytechnic institutions.
Despite their problems, many good institutions have a long tradition of excellence in teaching and research, where students and professors can attain their highest academic ambitions.
They have been created mostly in the most populated and industrialized areas near the coast (although strategically balanced with three establishments opened after 1970 in the northern, central and southern interior regions), being established in the main cities.
Two of these universities are located in the Azores and Madeira Islands, and the remaining eleven in Continental Portugal.
Three of them are located in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal (four considering also the Lisbon University Institute ISCTE, a large public university institute).
They have been created across the country after 1980.
The fast expansion of the polytechnic institutes, whose entrance and teaching requirements before the mid-2000s were in general less demanding than the universities' criteria, was an administrative attempt to reduce the elevated rate of pre-higher education abandon and to increase the number of (under)graduates per one million inhabitants in Portugal which were dramatically below the European average (this does not imply that its students haven't become competent professionals).
Since the mid-2000s, after many reforms, upgrades and changes, including the Bologna process, the polytechnic institutes have become "de facto" technical universities with little formal difference between them and the classic full chartered universities (polytechnics can't award doctorate degrees and, in general, they are not true research institutions, with few exceptions).
This system has resulted in increasing manifestations of concern from polytechnic and, above all, private institutions, arguing against discretionary attitudes and unnecessary bureaucracy.
Government replies defend the necessity of maintaining selective mechanisms to secure a minimum level of institution quality, rationalize the whole system, and protect educational standards.
In the 1990s and 2000s, there was anyway a fast growth and proliferation of private higher education and state-run polytechnical institutions with lower educational standards and ambiguous academic integrity.
Admission to public university programmes are often more demanding and selective than to their equivalent in public polytechnic and private institutions.
Many specific university institutions and degrees are also regarded as more prestigious and academically robust than their peers from the polytechnic system or from certain less notable university institutions.
History of the university subsector.
Public university schools have a long history in Portugal.
They started in the Middle Ages, and like other European medieval universities at the time, they were founded by the monarchs under the authority and supervision of the Catholic Church.
For many centuries there was only one university, the University of Coimbra, founded in 1290 in Lisbon.
It was founded as a "Studium Generale" ("Estudo Geral").
Scientiae thesaurus mirabilis, the royal charter announcing the institution of the current University of Coimbra was dated 1 March of that year, although efforts had been made at least since 1288 to create this first university studies in Portugal.
Throughout history it transferred between Coimbra and Lisbon several times, definitely settling in Coimbra during the 16th century (1537).
During the 19th century some other isolated higher-education schools were established.
With the advent of the Republic, the University of Lisbon and the University of Oporto were created in 1911.
Due to the Carnation Revolution of 1974 this first facility of a never-completed projected larger university stayed alone.
In 1988, the Portuguese government founded a public distance university, the "Universidade Aberta" (Aberta University), an "Open University" with headquarters in Lisbon, regional branches in Porto and Coimbra, and study centres all over the country.
In the 1980s and 1990s, a boom of private institutions was experienced and many private universities started to open.
Most private universities had a poor reputation and were known for making it easy for students to enter and also to get high grades.
In 2007, several of those private institutions or their heirs, were investigated and faced compulsory closure (for example, the infamous Independente University closing) or official criticism with recommendations that the state-managed investigation proposed for improving their quality and avoid termination.
Without large endowments like those received, for example, by many US private universities and colleges which are attractive to the best researchers and students, the private higher education institutions of Portugal, with a few exceptions, do not have neither the financial support nor the academic profile to reach the highest teaching and research standards of the top Portuguese public universities.
In addition, the private universities have faced a restrictive lack of collaboration with the major enterprises which, however, have developed fruitful relationships with many public higher education institutions.
Nowadays, the Catholic University of Portugal, a private university with branches in the cities of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Viseu, and Figueira da Foz (founded before the others, in 1967, and officially recognized in 1971), offers some well-recognized degrees.
This private university has a unique status, being run by the Catholic Church.
The Portuguese universities have been the exclusive granters of master's and doctoral degrees in the country and are to this day the major source of research and development in Portugal.
Today, as in the past, they have full autonomy to offer all levels of academic degrees and the power to create new graduate or undergraduate courses in almost every major field of study.
Many were on verge of bankruptcy and were forced to increase its admissions and tuition fees while the budget dwindled and staff members and bonuses were being reduced.
History of the polytechnic subsector.
Portuguese learning institutions called "polytechnics" or "industrial and commercial institutes" were established in various periods with very different roles and objectives.
They were designations for institutions ranging from university or polytechnic institutes to technical and vocational institutes.
They were university higher learning institutions conferring academic degrees, fully focused on the sciences, mathematics, and engineering.
Apart from sharing the name, they were not related to the polytechnic subsystem which has existed in Portugal since the 1970s, or to any current institution belonging to it.
The label and legal statute of "University" had been reserved for exclusive use by the University of Coimbra, but with the Republican revolution in 1911, two new universities were founded.
Thus, in 1852, the minister created the "Instituto Industrial de Lisboa" (Lisbon Industrial Institute) which awarded higher education degrees between 1898 and 1911, and the "Escola Industrial do Porto" (Porto Industrial School), which a decade later was also declared an Institute and awarded higher education degrees between 1905 and 1918.
The "Instituto Industrial de Lisboa" gave birth to the "IST" in 1911, which with other institutions formed the Technical University of Lisbon in 1930.
The Industrial Superior Studies were cut in 1918 by the minister Azevedo Neves reforms, as the country suffered many social and political convulsions, and the creation in 1911 of the new universities in Lisbon and Porto covered the highest educational needs of the country at the time.
This project aimed at assessing future needs for skilled labour in five Mediterranean countries (Italy, Greece, Spain, Yugoslavia and Portugal) and had a lasting impact in terms of the political and social perception of education, with significant effects on the educational structure of the participating countries.
After 1974 the existing polytechnics were transformed into University Institutes under the allegation that they should not remain "second class" institutions.
It was in this context that successive governments established contact with the World Bank and, from 1978 to 1984, about nineteen different missions visited Portugal.
At the same time, the World Bank urged the Portuguese authorities to restrain enrolment quotas so as to make "better use" and rationalise the supply of higher education and improve the management of the system, namely in terms of accountability, coordination, and efficiency.
Future expansions should be planned, taking into account manpower needs, and demographic and enrolment trends.
Subsequently, the World Bank produced two "Staff Appraisal Reports", which provided insights about the negotiations between the Bank's Mission and the Portuguese government, and further confirmed the Bank's priorities.
In the first Report of Assessment (No.
The World Bank was critical of the erratic policies toward the existing technical institutes, and of the excessive enrolment in university engineering programs and the lax approach on managing vacancy quotas, and raised the issue of diseconomies of scale in the system, suggesting that there were too many institutions with small dimensions.
During the 1970s and 1980s, a network of polytechnic institutes replaced short-cycle technical training with polytechnic higher education.
Some of those first polytechnics were transformed into University Institutes so that they would not remain "second class" institutions, and a few years later were upgraded to full chartered universities.
The polytechnic institutes, heirs of a large network of reputable but discontinued intermediate schools with traditions in technical and vocational education, which also incorporated other older institutions formerly known as industrial institutes (see "Instituto Industrial de Lisboa", "Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa" and "Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto"), were originally created to produce skilled intermediate technicians in specific areas.
The short-cycle polytechnical degrees were mainly aimed at training of intermediate technicians for industry and commerce but also for basic health and education, instead of academicians (like biologists, chemists, economists, geographers, historians, lawyers, mathematicians, philosophers, physicians, physicists, et al. ), engineers, lecturers, researchers and scientists that were already produced by Portuguese universities.
However, in the following decades the polytechnic institutions didn't assume their specific role as tertiary education vocational schools, which were created to award practical diplomas in more technical or basic fields.
Non-university intermediate professionals and skilled workers for the industry, agriculture, commerce and other services where needed.
As more new public university institutions were founded or expanded, polytechnics didn't feel comfortable with their subaltern status in the Portuguese higher education system and a desire to be upgraded into university-like institutions grew among the polytechnic institutions' administrations.
This desire of emancipation and evolution from polytechnic status to university status, was not followed by better qualified teaching staff, better facilities for teaching or researching, or by a stronger curricula with a more selective admission criteria, comparable with those enforced by almost all public university institutions.
Criteria ambiguity and the general lower standards in polytechnic higher education and admission, were fiercely criticised by education personalities like university rectors, regarding issues like the lack of admission exams in mathematics for polytechnic engineering applicants, and the proliferation of administration and management courses everywhere, many without a proper curriculum in mathematics, statistics and economics-related disciplines.
After its creation in the late 1970s, polytechnic institutions used to offer a 3-year course (the engineering superior institutes created in 1974, awarded 4-year "bacharelato" degrees before have been integrated into the polytechnic sector in 1988), awarding a "bacharelato" degree (lower than a bachelor's degree) instead of a university "licenciatura" (licentiate) degree which was four to six years.
The "licenciatura" diploma was also required for those applicants who wished to undertake masters and doctorate programs.
This system guaranteed a prominent independence between the two levels (bachelor's and CESE) since it was not compulsory to maintain a coherence of subjects.
This was changed with the Bologna process with a new system of three years for a bachelor's degree ("licenciatura").
Two additional years grant a master's degree ("mestrado") which is conferred by the polytechnic institute under protocols with a partner university or alone when the polytechnic institution is in full compliance with the necessary requirements (proper research activity, doctoral teaching staff, and budget).
The doctoral degree ("doutoramento") is conferred only by the universities, as it always has been.
The Lisbon Superior Institute of Engineering (ISEL, one of the colleges resulting from the former Lisbon Institute of Industry, today part of the Polytechnical Institute of Lisbon), with the support of the University of Lisbon (UL), approved in 2005 the express will to reintegrate the university subsector as part of the University of Lisbon which do not have a Faculty of Engineering and through the assimilation and reorganization of ISEL could transform that polytechnic engineering school to a new university engineering school inside UL.
For ISEL itself, this change could represent an emancipation from the limited polytechnic system, which has been regarded as a minor higher education subsystem in Portugal (although by the mid-2000s with many upgrades and the Bologna process, the formal differences are less notorious), due to limitations that were imposed by State Education Laws on polytechnics (such as the professor's career, the professor's wages, the State funds spending and the teaching competences of the polytechnics).
The Porto Superior Institute of Engineering (ISEP) was never merged into the University of Porto (or one of its predecessor schools, the Polytechnic Academy).
Nursing and health technologies technicians (technicians in clinical analysis, radiology, audiology, nuclear medicine and other technical fields in health) are also polytechnic higher education courses offered by nursing schools and schools of health technologies which are grouped into polytechnic institutes, and, in some cases, into universities (remaining in each of those situations as autonomous schools belonging to the polytechnic subsector).
Before 1990 nursing schools were not academic-degree-conferring institutions, and did not belong to the higher educational system.
Between 1918 and 1974, some older schools that are today integrated into the polytechnic subsector were industrial and commercial schools of vocational education, as well as intermediate schools for primary-education-teacher training, schools of agriculture, or nursing schools.
Admission to these schools was open to people with no complete secondary education, with universities reserved for secondary school graduates.
However, the majority of current polytechnical institutes was fully created in the 1980s and 1990s.
It must be remembered that the "Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa" and the "Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto", both born from the earlier industrial institutes ("Instituto Industrial"), were higher education degree-conferring institutions in engineering during a short period before 1919, and were known by other institutional names in their long histories.
However, in the 1990s and 2000s, a fast growth and proliferation of and state-run polytechnical institutions with lower educational standards and ambiguous academic integrity, was responsible for unnecessary and uneconomic allocation of resources with no adequate quality output in terms of both new highly qualified graduates and research.
While across the world polytechnics have transformed themselves into full universities, in Portugal, with the lowest higher education levels in Europe, continues to segregate the sectors based on the world bank model of the 1950s and 1960s.
During the 1980s, the former Polytechnic Institute of Faro, in the Algarve region, southern Portugal, was incorporated into the University of the Algarve, but as a totally independent institution in terms of staff, curricula and competences, remaining a full public polytechnic institution within a larger and independent public university but completely separated (economies of differentiation maybe?).
A remarkable level of achievements and a successful political lobbying, allowed PIC in 1979 to be promoted by the Portuguese Ministry of Education to a higher institutional level, university institute.
Seven years later, in 1986, the University Institute of Beira Interior was granted full university status, becoming the current University of Beira Interior.
Socio-economic composition of students.
And among all higher education students, the family economic and cultural background are decisive on the type of course a student can attain in the higher education system.
On the other side, law, natural sciences and related fields (particularly medicine), and fine arts, are preferred courses of students from families with higher educational and cultural backgrounds.
Degree significance and accreditation.
Degrees. or "Eng."
In general, registration with such associations is a requisite for the legal practice of the profession and it normally requires an admission examination.
In some orders (e.g.
"Ordem dos Engenheiros" for the exercise of engineering profession), the accreditation process exemptes candidates, possessing an accredited degree, of such examination.
But some orders, as well as some other professional associations, only allow candidates possessing an accredited course to be admitted to examination but do not exempt them from this examination due to the large number of institutions offering degrees in the concerned field with very different teaching standards and curricula (e.g.
History.
During many years (at least during most of the 20th century to the 2000s), a graduate in Portugal used to have a compulsory 4 to 5-year course (an exception included medicine, with a 6 years course) known as "licenciatura" which was granted exclusively by universities.
Other higher education courses offering a 3-year "bacharelato" degree that the newly created polytechnic institutes started to award in the 1970s and 1980s, like the technical engineering courses, the accounting technician courses, or the basic education teaching courses, had its own regulation scheme and were not recognized by the respective "Ordens Profissionais" in the field or by the State to perform the same professional activities university's "licenciados" were habilitated for (for instance, technical engineers did not belong to the "Ordem" of engineers and were awarded a limited range of engineering projects, and most teachers with the polytechnic degrees were not able to teach school students after the 6th grade).
In 1999, over 15,000 students enrolled in Portuguese higher learning institutions and newly graduates in the fields of engineering and architecture, were enrolled or were awarded a degree in a non-accredited course.
Those students and graduates with no official recognition were not admitted to any "Ordem" and were unable to sign projects in their presumed field of expertise.
In the 1990s, the offer of many new degrees in Portugal became widespread across the entire country through both public and private university and polytechnic institutions.
By 2010, lower selectiviness and academic integrity levels, including in some schools previously known for its reputation and prestige, debased the average teaching level in Portugal according to the head of the Portuguese Bar Association "(Ordem dos Advogados)" Marinho Pinto.
Today's situation.
Currently, after many major reforms and changes in higher education started in 1998 which originated a process that spans across the 2000s, the formal differences between polytechnic and university "licenciatura" degrees are in general null and they have an equivalent denomination and course duration, and due to the Bologna process both graduates should be recognized equally all across Europe.
Among the oldest recognized and most extensively accredited courses in Portugal, are those university degrees awarded by the state-run universities.
Admission.
Every higher education institution has also a number of other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department.
With secondary school credential.
Students must have studied the subjects for which they are entering to be prepared for the entrance exams, but they are not required to have previously specialised in any specific area at the secondary school.
Students sit for one or more entrance exams, "Concurso nacional" for public institutions or "Concurso institucional" for private institutions.
In addition to passing entrance exams, students must fulfill particular prerequisites for some courses.
The exam scores count for the final evaluation, which includes the secondary school average marks.
This means that the students could not be admitted at its first or second choice, but be admitted at the third or even sixth choice.
In some cases, those entering polytechnic institutes with previous vocational training will receive institutional preference.
Admissions table.
Portuguese ordinary admissions are based in a competitive system of "numerus clausus", different programmes have different exams needed for admission which may vary from one institution to another. 2008 admissions. 2008 table of new alumni by institution in state-run universities and polytechnics, excluding international students and extraordinary admissions.
Extraordinary exam process.
In these cases, application is considered on the basis of one's educational background and work and life experience will be fully taken into account, as well as an interview.
Candidates approved go through a separate "numerus clausus" or enroll directly at the discretion of the school's board.
Humanities and other non-mathematical-intensive fields have also much higher admission rates than classical university engineerings, economics or medicine.
This implies that almost all new students admitted by this extraordinary process enter a polytechnic institution, private institution, or humanities programmes.
Inequalities.
Most public university courses often demand much higher admission marks than most similar courses at the polytechnic institutes or private institutions.
This has been a major statistical fact among the higher education subsystems in Portugal.
However, it is not possible today to characterize precisely a course's quality level by its higher education subsystem (polytechnic or university) because some polytechnic courses demand high grades and have a better reputation and popularity than in the past, after many years of reforms and reorganization in the polytechnic subsystem.
But in general, the majority of the most highly regarded degrees, noted for their selectiveness and popularity, are provided by some institutions of the university system, with many of the polytechnic system's institutions being often regarded as a second choice alternative to the major universities for a number of students.
There was a historic connotation that polytechnic institutes were often considered the schools of last resort, because of their general low selectiveness (which was clearly substandard from the 1980s to the mid-2000s), lack of historical notability, and diminute number of highly distinguished alumni and professors, which some feel hurts their reputation.
The measures provoked great alarm and concern among the polytechnic institutions who criticised the more rigorous requirements as "bad and elitist".
However, specific field entrance exams that are required for admission to many institutions are notorious for their inconsistencies, with courses which for instance may traditionally require mathematics, physics or chemistry entrance exams, allowing non-related entrance exams to catch a large number of underachieving applicants who otherwise would not be admitted, and do not have a place at more selective institutions in the same field.
For the other side, higher grades inside the higher education institutions were more frequent for those students of private, public polytechnic and some public university courses that were globally the worst pre-higher education applicants.
This implied a long-lasting reputation of lower teaching standards and easier entrance requirements in many public polytechnic and private institutions, as well as in some public university departments, which seemed rather relaxed.
A number of scandals, suspicions and affairs involving private higher education institutions (for example, major private universities like "Universidade Moderna" (1998), "Universidade Independente" (2007) and "Universidade Internacional" (2007), among others), and a general perception of many of those institutions as having a tendentially relaxed teaching style with less rigorous criteria, have contributed to their poor reputation which originated a state-run inspection of private higher education institutions in 2007.
Many institutions did not provide degree programs of academic integrity comparable to those of traditional universities.
Like in any other country in the world, this appears to be an injustice for thousands of others students admitted to more rigorous and selective institutions that will face the same competition in the labour market, where the graduation marks are often decisive.
This has allowed other inequalities such as the future impossibility of obtaining a masters or doctoral degree for students with lower marks (usually less than 14, out of 20 for master's degree, or 16 out of 20 for doctorate), and the higher average completion time for graduation and subsequent entrance into the labour market, with different standards in so many heterogeneous institutions.
In the 2000s, there was a growing effort to define nonaccredited universities or accredited institutions which awarded nonaccredited degrees, as diploma mills, in order to raise awareness about the problem.
In 2007, the State had planned to enforce in a near future more stringent rules for all kind of public and private degree-conferring institutions.
Currently, after changes introduced by the Bologna process, master's degree programmes can be offered to any student who had completed the first study cycle ("licenciatura") and enroll in the second study cycle ("mestrado").
For instance, medicine is traditionally one of the most popular courses in Portugal, and therefore one of the most selective, with some of the highest rated secondary school top students competing with the best of the best for a place in a medicine course.
Normally, a student who wants to attend the Medical School ("Faculdade de Medicina") at one of the Portuguese public universities which exclusively offer this graduation course, has to get very high grades in the entrance exams (it may include exams in fields like chemistry, biology, and mathematics) and to have done an almost-brilliant secondary school course.
Admission marks of the applicants admitted in medicine, are never less than 180 out of 200.
Architecture, economics, a number of engineerings, dentistry, law, pharmacy, or veterinary medicine at most public universities, are, in general, another examples of courses which are traditionally the most selective or popular.
In contrast with these, like in any other educational system in the world, there are many courses offered by private universities, polytechnic institutes, and public universities, where the entrance requirements are sharply below the average.
There are also some courses with low or even no demand and condemned to be extinguished.
In the 1990s, the offer of law degrees in Portugal became widespread across the entire country through both public and private university institutions.
By 2010, lower selectiveness and academic integrity levels, including in law schools previously known for its reputation and prestige, debased the average teaching of law in Portugal according to the head of the Ordem dos Advogados Marinho Pinto.
Employability and underemployment.
Employability.
After students graduate from a higher education institution, factors like the field of studies, the grade point average and the prestige of the teaching institution, are relatively important for getting a job.
But most important is the current employment market.
Due to these factors, higher education courses with a higher employability rate include medicine (there is a very high demand for medical doctors across the whole country), some classic engineering specializations, and computer sciences.
Despite their generally high reputation, economics, law and architecture degrees, even from some of the most selective and prestigious schools, have had an increasingly low employability rate due to an excessive number of new graduates each year.
There are courses which used to have high or very high employability rates (at least during the 1990s) and currently are among the most precarious in terms of employment for new graduates.
These include business administration, management, nursing and some health technician courses.
Higher wages and better job conditions are usually offered by companies to the best fresh graduates of a number of highly reputed universities.
Most Portuguese civil servants usually have better-than-average pay and benefits regardless of their personal educational quality.
An article was published by the Expresso dated 2004 which listed the most desirable graduates of universities and polytechnics by Portuguese companies in the fields of engineering, structural engineering, marketing, management, economics and finance.
This non-scientific report used a survey made by some human resources recruiting firms, which means that the population surveyed comprised only the candidates who were seeking a job through those recruiting firms, and excluded the highly qualified candidates who were recruited directly by the companies, by other important recruiting firms, or were recruited by headhunters before graduation.
Additionally, some graduates are recruited from local higher learning institutions through partnerships with local companies or other institutions, bypassing full and open competition.
Underemployment.
Underemployment among fresh and senior graduates has increased since the early 1990s.
Among the degree owners with the highest rates of underemployment are those who earned degrees in teaching, psychology, philosophy, economics, business administration, management, technical accounting, sociology, short-cycle engineering (technical engineering), some non-traditional engineerings, law, journalism, languages, history, and related fields of study.
Several thousand people in this situation, have part-time or full-time occupations in a range of unspecialized jobs for unskilled or marginally skilled workers.
Rankings.
The results and rankings of multi-criteria evaluation on higher education institutions may be controversial and are not definitive proof of the higher standard of one institution over the others.
However, ranking-based evaluation could be useful to point out certain characteristics or trends of a given institution, like notability and growth, both nationwide and internationally.
Official state-managed ranking.
The Times Higher Education Supplement.
Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan.
In 2008, a Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan's ranking placed the University of Porto in the first position among the Portuguese universities by research output.
In 2007, a Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan's ranking, placed the University of Porto in 459.
It was the only Portuguese university in the top 500 according to the Taiwanese ranking.
Webometrics.
Research at institutions of higher learning.
In December 2004, higher education institutions included 11.316 teaching-staff members holding a PhD degree.
The film was broadcast as a "CBS Special Presentation" on March 15, 1982 and served as a precursor to the spin-off television sitcom "Mama's Family".
It was directed by Roger Beatty and Harvey Korman.
Plot.
Eunice's brother Phillip, a recent college graduate, comes home and announces that he has a chance to go to New York City in hopes of becoming a writer and must leave that day.
In the meantime, their mother Thelma Harper is frantic about Phillip going so spontaneously and is trying to get her husband Carl out of the bathroom to stop their son from leaving.
Ed and Eunice have a fight on the porch because Ed doesn't want to go to the party.
Ed storms off, they break up, and Eunice goes to the party.
Ed and Eunice come to Thelma's house to see Phillip, who is visiting from New York.
Phillip is now a bestselling author of a historical novel.
He announces that a movie producer wants to make one of his books into a film.
Carl died years earlier and Thelma wants to visit his grave.
Eunice, who wants to be an actress, wants to leave with Phillip and be in the film.
Although many of his books were made into movies, he decides this time to write the screenplay for a new film.
Eunice still wants a part in Phillip's film.
At the same time, Bubba, who has been missing for almost a year, calls, and a frantic Eunice demands to know where he is.
The three siblings are discussing Thelma's death, the funeral, and the future.
After Eunice throws Ed out, she gets into an argument with Ellen, who storms out.
Eunice, in a frenzy, finally breaks down yelling out for Thelma.
In Thelma's bedroom, Phillip tells Eunice that the only thing stopping her from the life she wants to live is herself.
Phillip convinces Eunice to spontaneously come to Los Angeles with him.
She decides to leave with Phillip and in her excitement, she calls her Aunt Ina to let her know what her plans are.
Aunt Ina wants Eunice to help her with her sore back and it's implied that Eunice will never actually get to live the life she wants.
Reception.
Lawrence was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role as Thelma Harper.
Gregory Keefe is a Canadian academic and interim president and vice-chancellor of the University of Prince Edward Island.
He is the former dean of the Atlantic Veterinary College.
Early life.
Keefe was born in Prince Edward Island and is married to Debbie Shea.
He completed his bachelors of science from the Nova Scotia Agricultural College.
He completed his Masters of Science from the University of Prince Edward Island.
He did an MBA and Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from the University of Guelph.
Career.
Keef became the dean of the Atlantic Veterinary College of the University of Prince Edward Island, one of only five veterinary colleges in Canada, in March 2015.
Keefe was re-appointed dean of the Atlantic Veterinary College on 1 July 2021 for a three-year term.
He was appointed president and vice-chancellor of the University of Prince Edward Island on 13 December 2021.
He replaced Alaa Abd-El-Aziz, who was facing allegations of sexual harassments.
Keefe is the founder of Maritime Quality Milk.
He is an investigator of the National Dairy Study.
He is a recipient of the Norden Distinguished Teaching Award.
He also has received an award from the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
He oversaw the first convocation of the university in Egypt.
He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present-day Pamukkale, in western Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece for the rest of his life.
His teachings were written down and published by his pupil Arrian in his "Discourses" and "Enchiridion".
Epictetus taught that philosophy is a way of life and not simply a theoretical discipline.
However, individuals are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline.
Life.
Epictetus was born around AD 50, presumably at Hierapolis, Phrygia.
He spent his youth in Rome as a slave to Epaphroditus, a wealthy freedman and secretary to Nero.
Early in life, Epictetus acquired a passion for philosophy and, with the permission of his wealthy master, he studied Stoic philosophy under Musonius Rufus.
Becoming more educated in this way raised his social status.
At some point, he became disabled.
Celsus, quoted by Origen, wrote that this was because his leg had been deliberately broken by his master.
Simplicius, in contrast, wrote that he had simply been disabled from childhood.
Epictetus obtained his freedom sometime after the death of Nero in AD 68, and he began to teach philosophy in Rome.
Around AD 93, when the Roman emperor Domitian banished all philosophers from the city, Epictetus moved to Nicopolis in Epirus, Greece, where he founded a school of philosophy.
His most famous pupil, Arrian, studied under him as a young man (around AD 108) and claimed to have written his famous "Discourses" based on the notes he took on Epictetus's lectures.
Arrian argued that his Discourses should be considered comparable to the Socratic literature.
Arrian described Epictetus as a powerful speaker who could "induce his listener to feel just what Epictetus wanted him to feel."
Many eminent figures sought conversations with him.
Emperor Hadrian was friendly with him, and may have heard him speak at his school in Nicopolis.
He lived a life of great simplicity, with few possessions.
He lived alone for a long time, but in his old age, he adopted a friend's child who otherwise would have been left to die and raised him with the aid of a woman.
It is unclear whether Epictetus and she were married.
He died sometime around AD 135.
After his death, according to Lucian, his oil lamp was purchased by an admirer for 3,000 drachmae.
Thought.
No writings by Epictetus are known.
His discourses were transcribed and compiled by his pupil Arrian ().
The main work is "The Discourses", four books of which have been preserved (out of the original eight).
Arrian also compiled a popular digest, entitled the "Enchiridion", or "Handbook."
In a preface to the "Discourses" that is addressed to Lucius Gellius, Arrian states that "whatever I heard him say I used to write down, word for word, as best I could, endeavouring to preserve it as a memorial, for my own future use, of his way of thinking and the frankness of his speech."
In the sixth century, the Neoplatonist philosopher Simplicius wrote an extant commentary on the "Enchiridion".
Logic provides valid reasoning and certainty in judgment, but it is subordinate to practical needs.
The first and most necessary part of philosophy concerns the application of doctrine, for example, that people should not lie.
The second concerns reasons, e.g., why people should not lie.
While the third, lastly, examines and establishes the reasons.
This is the logical part, which finds reasons, shows what is a reason, and that a given reason is a correct one.
This last part is necessary, but only on account of the second, which again is rendered necessary by the first.
Both the "Discourses" and the "Enchiridion" begin by distinguishing between those things in our power ("prohairetic" things) and those things not in our power ("aprohairetic" things).
On the contrary, what is not in our power, are our bodies, possessions, glory, and power.
Any delusion on this point leads to the greatest errors, misfortunes, and troubles, and to the slavery of the soul.
The determination between what is good and what is not good is made by the capacity for choice ("prohairesis").
Prohairesis allows us to act, and gives us the kind of freedom that only rational animals have.
It is determined by our reason, which of all our faculties, sees and tests itself and everything else.
Nothing beyond the use of our opinion is properly ours.
Every possession rests on opinion.
What is to cry and to weep?
An opinion.
What is misfortune, or a quarrel, or a complaint?
By rejecting these opinions, and seeking good and evil in the power of choice alone, we may confidently achieve peace of mind in every condition of life.
Reason alone is good, the irrational is evil, and the irrational is intolerable to the rational.
We should especially be on our guard against the opinion of pleasure because of its apparent sweetness and charms.
The first object of philosophy, therefore, is to purify the mind.
Epictetus teaches that the preconceptions ("prolepsis") of good and evil are common to all.
Good alone is profitable and to be desired, and evil is hurtful and to be avoided.
Different opinions arise only from the application of these preconceptions to particular cases, and it is then that the darkness of ignorance, which blindly maintains the correctness of its own opinion, must be dispelled.
People entertain different and conflicting opinions of good, and in their judgment of a particular good, people frequently contradict themselves.
Philosophy should provide a standard for good and evil.
This process is greatly facilitated because the mind and the works of the mind are alone in our power, whereas all external things that aid life are beyond our control.
The deities too gave us the soul and reason, which is not measured by breadth or depth, but by knowledge and sentiments, and by which we attain to greatness, and may equal even with the deities.
We should, therefore, cultivate the mind with special care.
Every individual is connected with the rest of the world, and the universe is fashioned for universal harmony.
Wise people, therefore, will pursue, not merely their own will, but also will be subject to the rightful order of the world.
We should conduct ourselves through life fulfilling all our duties as children, siblings, parents, and citizens.
For our country or friends we ought to be ready to undergo or perform the greatest difficulties.
The good person, if able to foresee the future, would peacefully and contentedly help to bring about their own sickness, maiming, and even death, knowing that this is the correct order of the universe.
We have all a certain part to play in the world, and we have done enough when we have performed what our nature allows.
In the exercise of our powers, we may become aware of the destiny we are intended to fulfil.
Anyone who finds life intolerable is free to quit it, but we should not abandon our appointed role without sufficient reason.
The Stoic sage will never find life intolerable and will complain of no one, neither deity nor human.
Those who go wrong we should pardon and treat with compassion, since it is from ignorance that they err, being as it were, blind.
It is only our opinions and principles that can render us unhappy, and it is only the ignorant person who finds fault with another.
Every desire degrades us, and renders us slaves of what we desire.
Thus prepared, we shall never be carried away by opinions.
Crito, if it thus pleases the gods, thus let it be.
Anytus and Meletus may indeed kill me, but they cannot harm me.
Influence.
"Dialogue between the Emperor Hadrian and Epictetus".
Epictetus appears in a 2nd or 3rd century "Dialogue between the Emperor Hadrian and Epictetus the Philosopher".
This short Latin text consists of seventy-three short questions supposedly posed by Hadrian and answered by Epictetus.
This dialogue was very popular in the Middle Ages with many translations and adaptations.
Philosophy.
Marcus Aurelius.
The philosophy of Epictetus influenced the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 121 to AD 180), who cites Epictetus in his "Meditations".
Philosophers of the French Enlightenment.
Voltaire, Montesquieu, Denis Diderot and Baron d'Holbach all read the "Enchiridion" when they were students.
Literature.
The philosophy of Epictetus plays a key role in the 1998 novel "A Man in Full" by Tom Wolfe.
This was in part the outcome of discussions Wolfe had with James Stockdale (see below).
The character Conrad, who through a series of mishaps finds himself in jail and accidentally acquires a copy of the "Enchiridion of Epictetus", the Stoic's manual, discovers a philosophy that strengthens him to endure the brutality of the prison environment.
He experiences Joseph Campbell's 'hero's journey' call to action and becomes a strong, honorable, undefeatable protagonist.
The importance of Epictetus' Stoicism for Stockdale, its role in "A Man in Full", and its significance in Ridley Scott's film "Gladiator" are discussed by William O. Stephens in "The Rebirth of Stoicism?".
Mohun Biswas, in the novel "A House for Mr Biswas" (1961), by V.S.
"Everything has two handles, the one by which it may be carried, the other by which it cannot" is the theme of "Disturbances in the Field" (1983), by Lynne Sharon Schwartz.
A line from the "Enchiridion" is used as a title quotation in "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman" by Laurence Sterne, which translates to, "Not things, but opinions about things, trouble men."
Epictetus also is mentioned briefly in "Franny and Zooey" by J. D. Salinger, and is referred to by Theodore Dreiser in his novel "Sister Carrie".
Both the longevity of Epictetus's life and his philosophy are alluded to in John Berryman's poem, "Of Suicide."
Epictetus is referred to, but not mentioned by name, in Matthew Arnold's sonnet "To a Friend".
James Stockdale.
James Stockdale, a fighter pilot who was shot down while serving in the Vietnam War, was influenced by Epictetus.
He was introduced to his works while at Stanford University.
When he was shot down, he reportedly said to himself "I'm leaving the world of technology and entering the world of Epictetus!" as he bailed out.
It is a willful act, going against the will of God to have all men share happiness.
Psychology.
Psychologist Albert Ellis, the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, credited Epictetus with providing a foundation for his system of psychotherapy.
Religion.
Murphy's Mob is a British children's television series, created and written by Brian Finch which was produced and directed by David Foster for Central Independent Television, and screened in the UK on ITV for four series between 1 March 1982 and 19 December 1985.
The theme tune was sung by Gary Holton, of "Auf Wiedersehen, Pet" fame.
Plot.
The series featured Ken Hutchison as Mac Murphy, who takes charge as manager of a struggling fictional Third Division football club, Dunmore United, and a group of young supporters of the club whose day-to-day troubles included attempts to set up a junior supporter's club and clubhouse within the stadium.
Production.
The drama scenes also included action taken from real Watford games from the era.
The fictional Dunmore team therefore played in yellow, red and black to allow the footage to be cut into the drama.
Billy Wright, the former England captain is credited in the first series as "Soccer Advisor".
Biography.
Early life and education.
Stephen Ward Doubleday was born January 6, 1845 to Mary Augusta Ward and Colonel Thomas D. Doubleday.
He was a nephew of General Abner Doubleday and grandson of Jacksonian Congressman and newspaper publisher Ulysses F. Doubleday.
Stephen was named after Stephen Ward, patriot of the Revolutionary War, who attended the provincial congress, was a presidential elector, a Westchester county judge, and was elected to congress.
Doubleday enlisted in the Civil War at 17, was mustered in as a second lieutenant and served with the 4th New York Heavy Artillery.
Career.
He traveled and lived abroad from 1900 to 1912 in Monaco and Berlin and was an avid golfer.
He won golf tournaments in Berlin, Germany (1911) and Cannes, France (organized by the Czar's brother Grand Duke Michael)(1901).
Doubleday was a member of the Apawamis Golf Club, the New York Stock Exchange, and the Union League Club of New York.
Marriage and children.
Doubleday married Angelica Barraclough Cushman, daughter of Don Alonzo Cushman, in 1875.
The couple had three children and the family lived in Manhattan and Rye, New York.
He was widowed by Angelica's death on March 6, 1915.
His daughter Angelica Cushman Doubleday Tropp and her husband Simeon became the principal financial backers of Wilhelm Reich during his years in America.
Death and funeral.
Stephen Ward Doubleday died following a stroke on September 27, 1926.
Greystones () is a coastal town and seaside resort in County Wicklow, Ireland.
It lies on Ireland's east coast, south of Bray and south of Dublin city centre and has a population of 18,140 (2016).
The town is bordered by the Irish Sea to the east, Bray Head to the north and the Wicklow Mountains to the west.
It is the second largest town in County Wicklow (after Bray).
The town was named after a half-mile or one-kilometre stretch of grey stones between two beaches on the seafront.
The harbour area and Greystones railway station are at the northern and southern ends respectively.
The North Beach, which begins at the harbour, is a stony beach, and some of its length is overlooked by the southern cliffs of Bray Head, which are subject to erosion.
The South Beach is a broad sandy beach about one kilometre long.
It is a Blue Flag beach and receives many visitors and tourists, mainly in the summer.
In 2008, Greystones was named as the world's "most liveable community" at the LivCom Awards in China.
The community received the same award again in 2021.
History.
Greystones is located south of the site of an ancient castle of the Barony of Rathdown.
There was a hamlet which, like Rathdown Castle, was known as Rathdown, and which appeared on a 1712 map.
This site occupied an area now known as the Grove, north of Greystones harbour, but only the ruins of a chapel, St. Crispin's Cell, survive.
Greystones is a much more recent settlement and is first mentioned in , a 1795 publication.
Here it is described as a "noted fishing place four miles beyond Bray."
In the early 19th century, there were some families scattered around the harbour, Blacklion, Windgates, Killincarrig and Rathdown.
Delgany was a more substantial and longer-established village.
However, Greystones was put on the map with the coming of the railway in 1855, a difficult undertaking which was performed in consultation with Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the famous engineer.
It provided links with Bray and Dublin and left room for development on the adjoining estates.
Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed (better known as Lizzie Le Blond) owned the "Hawkins-Whitshed" estate from 1871 and she developed Ireland's first planned housing estate, an area currently known as the Burnaby.
Lizzie was a trailblazing mountaineer and explorer, a photographer, an author of mountaineering books, fiction, travel writing and a filmmaker.
She donated for a nominal rent the site upon which the library in Greystones is built.
An adjoining estate to that of Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed was owned by the La Touche Family.
It was during the time William Robert La Touche owned the estate that Greystones' developed rapidly.
To the north of the station, Church Road, Victoria Road and Trafalgar Road were laid out, and many houses were built.
In the early 20th century, the Burnabys began to expand the town on their side of the station, and the roads and houses of the Burnaby were developed and the population grew considerably.
The names of these two families remain well known today, with many roads and housing estates bearing their names.
Between 1885 and 1897, the people of Greystones campaigned for a harbour to aid the fishing industry and imports such as coal.
The original pier, dock, sea wall and boat slip remained pre-2009 but had endured substantial damage.
In 1968, the old Kish lighthouse foundation was added to the end of the pier.
At the end of World War II, cars and petrol became widely available, allowing Greystones to gradually expand, filling in space between itself and outlying areas such as Blacklion, Killincarrig and Delgany.
The 1990s brought a revival with the arrival of the electrified DART from Bray, and a much more frequent schedule.
Population and development.
Greystones has experienced a huge increase in its population since the 1970s with the construction of mainly large housing estates.
The first of these periods lasted for around a decade seeing the development of estates like Hillside, Applewood Heights, Redford Park and many other smaller ones like Burnaby Park.
The second boom in construction came during the Celtic Tiger period of the early 2000s which saw developments such as Charlesland (the biggest) just south of the town, which includes over 1,000 dwelling units.
Other projects such as the harbour redevelopment stalled or completely halted during this time period.
As of 2018, Greystones was experiencing a housing boom.
A number of large-scale developments were taking place, mainly on the western fringes of the town, in the harbour area and around Charlesland.
The main schemes included Seagreen and Waverly in Blacklion, Glenheron beside Charlesland and Marina village at the harbour.
These equate collectively to over 1000 dwellings under construction.
There are also multiple other similar schemes approved or pending approval.
Greystones is the only town in County Wicklow with this scale of growth.
As of the 2016 census the population of Greystones town stood at 18,140, making it the second largest town in the county after Bray, while the Greystones Municipal District Population stood at 26,323.
Wicklow County Council and Greystones Municipal District Council plan for at least 24,000 by 2028 in the town itself.
Along with the housing developments, road networks and facilities have been "improved" to cater for the growth.
The road between Greystones and Bray has been slightly widened and realigned.
A dual carriageway link road (R774) connecting Greystones to the N11 has been completed to the south of the town.
Construction of a full interchange with the N11 has also been completed.
Chapel Road has been connected with Blacklion Manor Road forming a new section of wide higher capacity road from the junction at Lidl to the junction with the top of Applewood Heights, creating a complete bottleneck at Delgany village.
Estates like Seagreen access from this road.
Transport.
Road.
This quickly changes into the M11.
Rail.
Greystones railway station, which opened on 30 October 1855, is the southern terminus of the DART railway line, a service which connects thirty stations along Dublin's east coast.
Bus.
Greystones is served by the 84, 84N, 84X and 184 bus routes whilst route 702 Aircoach service starting at Charlesland links the area with Dublin Airport.
Walking.
Bray and Greystones are linked by a Cliff Walk, which follows the route of the railway line around Bray Head.
Politics.
In local government, the Greystones local electoral area (LEA) elects six councillors to Wicklow County Council who sit as Greystones Municipal District.
This became a town council in 2002.
All town councils in Ireland were abolished in 2014.
Development.
Marina.
This development was a topical issue in the town, with objections revolving around the privatisation of public beachfront land without a broad public agreement.
The development includes a new harbour, 341 apartments, a 230 berth marina, a new public plaza and facilities for local sporting clubs.
Many of the objections came from outside County Wicklow, according to a spokesman for Wicklow County Council.
Many objected to specifics of the plan while approving the general idea.
Some 3,700 objections were made on these updated plans.
On 9 August 2007, the board approved the final plans, while imposing 13 conditions on construction works, including the retention of public access to the Cliff Walk during the development period, strict guidelines in relation to dust suppression, the re-use of demolition materials, and limitations on the hours of operation and noise levels.
The board also overruled an earlier inspector's report, instead permitting an old unlicensed landfill to remain beside the new apartments.
In February 2010, it was announced that development of the marina would be paused indefinitely due to conditions in the Irish property market.
After the development plans stalled, the loans attached to the development were transferred to NAMA.
Sispar insisted that it needed funding from NAMA to finish the project.
It appeared that it was not the Sispar consortium but Sisk alone that controlled the loans.
Almost all of the new harbour facilities are now in use and available to the public, while the construction of apartments is ongoing.
Sports.
Association football.
The town is home the association football club Greystones United, which is based at Woodlands near the south beach.
Perhaps the club's most famous alumnus is retired Irish international Paul McShane.
Another club, Greystones AFC, is located at 'The Arch Field' just beside the railway bridge at the harbour.
Five of their players have represented Ireland at various levels.
Ian Horan, Chris Mason and Stephen McCann have represented the Irish Intermediate team and Stephen Roche and Richie O'Hanlon have represented the Irish Colleges team.
The Saturday and Sunday sides both play in the top division of the Leinster Senior League.
Gaelic games.
The club has recently undergone a major reconstruction which saw improvements made to the clubhouse, pitches, lighting and parking facilities.
Golf.
There are two 18-hole golf courses and a driving range within the town.
Greystones Golf Club was founded in 1895 and overlooks the town, the countryside, and the Irish Sea.
Charlesland Golf Club is newer, flatter, and located by the sea.
There are other courses at Delgany, Glen of the Downs, Kilcoole, Druids Glen, and Bray.
Marine.
Greystones has many marine-based clubs including sailing and wind-surfing, angling, diving, rowing and Sea Scouts.
Greystones rowing club, for example, was established in 1920.
Shore angling for cod and plaice at the beaches and the harbour attracts many people, especially during the summer.
Swimming is popular in warmer weather, especially on the south beach.
Rugby.
Greystones RFC is a rugby union team which participates in the All-Ireland League.
Tennis.
Greystones Lawn Tennis Club has 12 outdoor floodlit courts and a clubhouse located on Mill Road at the south end of the town.
It regularly hosts regional and national competitions.
Other sports.
There is a lawn bowling club located at Burnaby Park.
Greystones is also home to the Greystones Mariners Baseball Club, which competes nationally and which has seen several members represent the Irish national baseball team.
Greystones Cricket (formed in 2012), practices (nets) at Greystones RFC and play their home matches at the Greystones United F.C. grounds.
They have three senior men's teams and one ladies' team playing in the Leinster Cricket Union competitions, a taverners and two junior teams.
St. Kilian's Badminton Club plays in Shoreline Leisure Center on Mill Road.
Religion.
Greystones has a variety of Christian denominations in the locality, with most divisions of mainstream Christianity represented.
There is a Roman Catholic, a Presbyterian, an Anglican (Church of Ireland), an Evangelical, and an Evangelical Arminian church in Greystones. (according to the 2016 census).
Education and research.
Greystones has eight primary schools, including several national schools, an Educate Together primary school, and an Irish-language "Gaelscoil".
Entertainment.
The Whale Theatre, used for drama, dance, and concerts, is located in the town centre and is supplemented by Greystones Studios, which provide classes, performance space, practice rooms and AV studios.
Economy.
The Sudanian savanna is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east.
The Sahel, a belt of drier grasslands and acacia savannas, lies to the north, between the Sudanian savanna and the Sahara Desert.
To the south the forest-savanna mosaic forms a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Guineo-Congolian forests that lie nearer the equator.
Ecoregions.
The World Wide Fund for Nature divides the Sudanian savanna into two ecoregions, separated by the Mandara Mountains.
The West Sudanian savanna runs from the Atlantic Ocean to eastern Nigeria.
The East Sudanian savanna extends eastwards from the Mandara Mountains to the western lowlands of Ethiopia.
Physiographic province.
The Sudanian savanna is one of the three distinct physiographic provinces of the larger African Massive division.
Physiography divides this province into three distinct physiographic sections, the Niger Basin, the Lake Chad Basin, and the Middle Nile Basin.
Flora.
The Sudanian savanna is characterized by the coexistence of trees and grasses.
The dominant grass species are usually Andropogoneae, especially the genera "Andropogon" and "Hyparrhenia", on shallow soils also "Loudetia" and "Aristida".
Much of the Sudanian savanna region is used in the form of parklands, where useful trees, such as shea, baobab, locust-bean tree and others are spared from cutting, while sorghum, maize, millet or other crops are cultivated beneath.
Fauna.
Many large mammals are native to the Sudanian savanna, including African bush elephant ("Loxodonta africana"), northern giraffe ("Giraffa camelopardalis"), giant eland ("Taurotragus derbianus derbianus"), roan antelope ("Hippotragus equinus"), African buffalo ("Syncerus caffer brachyceros"), lion ("Panthera leo"), leopard ("Panthera pardus") cheetah ("Acinonyx jubatus"), and African wild dog ("Lycaon pictus").
Most large mammals are now very limited in range and numbers.
Land use.
The Sudanian savanna is used by both pastoralists and farmers.
Cattle are predominantly the livestock kept, but in some areas, sheep and goats are also kept.
The main crops grown are sorghum and millet which are suited to the low levels of rainfall.
It consists of on land and of ocean along of Maui's southwestern coastline.
Climate.
Annual rainfall ranges from along the coast, to along the mauka (upland) boundary.
There is distinct seasonal variability in rainfall, with much of the precipitation from winter storms.
The highest point in the reserve is Kalua O Lapa at .
The deepest water is .
Solar radiation here is among the highest in the State.
Geology.
From north to south, the reserve spans four ahupuaa (land division extending from the uplands into the sea).
These are Onau, Kanahena, Kualapa, and Kalihi.
The reserve's land boundary was specifically designed to encompass the young rugged lava flows on Haleakala volcano's southwest rift zone.
Much of the reserve is barren, rough and jagged aa lava with some smooth pahoehoe lava fed by the Kalua O Lapa cinder cone.
Also within the reserve is the coastal part of an older, similar sequence of lava flows northwest of Kalua O Lapa.
This older sequence, the Kanahena flows, erupted from an unnamed fissure at about altitude.
Five eruptions within the last 500 years are known from East Maui.
Kalua O Lapa is among the youngest.
Two radiocarbon ages have been determined of charcoal collected from beneath Kalua O Lapa lava and spatter deposits.
The average ages indicate the lava flowed sometime between 1419 and 1621 AD.
Radiocarbon dating of the Kanahena lava flows leave its age unresolved.
The best estimate is between 1024 and 1183 AD.
Marine habitat.
The coral reefs of the reserve are among the finest in the main Hawaiian Islands.
At least 33 species of coral, 53 species of subtidal invertebrate, and 75 species of fish (17 endemic) were found.
The marine portion of the reserve is within the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary.
The Hawaiian monk seal, hawksbill turtle, and humpback whale are all listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
Land habitat.
The Kalua O Lapa flow created lava tubes and depressions near the shoreline.
Some of these depressions extend below sea level, allowing seawater to infiltrate and form shallow ponds.
Botanically, the reserve is part of the lowland dry ecotype, although the reserve is not best known for its botanical resources.
It is composed almost entirely of unvegetated barren lava.
Kipukas (vegetated oases on the lava bed) harbor remnant native plants among the dominant non-native trees.
Plant life cycles here are keyed to a very severe and prolonged dry season and variable wet season.
The endemic wiliwili ("Erythrina sandwicensis") is the dominant tree of the remnant native dry forest zone.
The natives are imperiled by weeds and feral ungulates such as goats.
Twenty-one plant and fourteen animal taxa are native, of which three and five, respectively, are rare.
Native insects include Blackburn's sphinx moth ("Manduca blackburni"), the first Hawaiian insect to be listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), in 2003.
The reserve includes critical habitat for the moth.
Anchialine pools.
They lack a surface connection to the sea.
The word anchialine is derived from the Greek word "anchialos" meaning close to the sea.
Anchialine pools are globally rare.
Hawaii is home to the only natural representatives of them in the United States as well as the largest concentration of them globally.
The pools provide habitat for water, shore, and migratory birds, native herbs and algae.
The endangered aeo or Hawaiian stilt ("Himantopus mexicanus knudseni") forage and nest in at least one of the pool complexes.
Cultural significance.
The Reserve includes both pre-European contact and post-contact Hawaiian village sites, "heiau" (religious sites), burials, trails, shelters, caves, "loko ia" (fish pond) complexes, ranching walls, and a lighthouse site.
Nine site complexes are on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places, including the Maonakala Village Complex, Kualapa Cluster and Kauhuoaiakini and Halua Pool Complex.
The reserve's cultural and historic sites are protected by Hawaii Revised Statute 13-209-4.
History.
Settlements and other development.
Fish and other marine resources were important staples.
Shore dwellers focused primarily on fishing and had access to potable water at shoreline springs.
Trade between uplands and coast was frequent.
As European and American merchants, whalers, and missionaries gained influence in the 19th century, traditional society was drawn into global society.
Migration and disease contributed to rapid population decline in rural areas.
In Honuaula, census data showed a decline between 1831 and 1836 from 3,340 to 1,911.
By the mid-1840s land use in Honuaula transitioned from subsistence to commercial agriculture.
These changes were associated with changes in land tenure, which eventually allowed "government" lands to become the reserve.
The most prominent and lasting of the Hawaiian government's improvements in the 19th century was the government road built under the direction of Hoapili, governor of Maui from 1823 to 1840.
The road traversed the reserve, and evidently underlies the present and only road.
The Kanahena Lighthouse was operated on Kanahena Point from 1884 until its replacement opened at nearby Cape Hanamanioa in 1918. 20th century.
During World War II, the U.S. Military conducted maneuvers in south Maui, fortifying coastal areas with bunkers.
The reserve's Kanahena Parking Area (also known as "Dumps") was a dump site for metal debris, such as barbed wire from around the coastline during and after the war.
The popular surfing spot in the NAR takes its name from this former dump site.
From 1980 to 2000, Maui's population doubled from 63,000 to 128,000.
Including visitors, the number can reach 30-50,000 more.
In 2001, visitor counts reached 805 people per day and as many as 339 vehicles.
Natural area reserve.
Among other protections is a complete, if imperfectly enforced, fishing ban.
Because of the extent of unvegetated flow and the lava's extreme roughness and fractured nature, the area is extremely difficult to traverse on foot.
Thus, the reserve functions as an outdoor natural history classroom that provides many opportunities to educate and create awareness that the landscape found here is a representative example of the geologic forces that created the Hawaiian archipelago.
The Division of Forestry and Wildlife within the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) administers NARS.
TheNatural Area Reserves System provides permanent legal protection for conservation of resource values, one of the highest levels of legal protection for state-managed natural areas in Hawaii.
Other types of designation include Wildlife Sanctuary and Forest Reserve.
Many of the reserves are remote and have few visitors.
Conversely, coastal reserves are accessible and can be heavily used by the public.
Kaena Point on Oahu is another such reserve.
Reserve status prohibits removing, injuring, or killing any living thing as well as damaging, disturbing, or removing any geologic artifact or cultural site.
Heavy use was starting to degrade the environment and visitors got injured and lost crossing the lava fields.
Attempts to limit or reduce the human impacts while continuing to allow access were not working, according to Bill Evanson of the state Division of Forestry and Wildlife.
Advisory group.
For example, DLNR sought the group's advice on the use of kayaks and commercial activity in the area.
The group reflects diverse stakeholder interests and is chaired by the DLNR Deputy Director.
Represented groups include educators, Native Hawaiian cultural practitioners, lineal descendants of early residents in the area, landowners, residents, the visitor industry, recreational users, fishers, conservation organizations, and scientists.
DLNR's Division of Conservation Resources Enforcement (DOCARE) enforces related laws and regulations under implementing legislation HRS Chapter 199.
SHPD archives the inventory of historic properties and archaeological and historical documents prepared to fulfill the requirements of the State's historic preservation law.
Partial closure.
Preserving the anchialine pools was a major focus.
Main threats to these wetlands include non-native invasives such as fish or prawns, algal mat formations and human activities.
Access to the reserve's northern portions, which are most used by the public, have remained open.
Department of Land and Natural Resources staff monitor the reserve to assess the effects of the closure and estimate the impacts of further protective actions.
The closure was scheduled to end July 31, 2010.
Post-closure.
An advisory group recommended extending the closure.
The first draft of the area master plan was released in October, 2010, attempting to balance protection with human activities.
DLNR monitors the area's marine, geological and cultural resources to inform the planning process for the reserve.
Alternatives to full opening include guided hikes, entry permits, or commercial concessions.
Dexter Langen (born 6 December 1980 in Friedberg, Hesse) is a German former football defender.
As of December 2014, he is training to be a nursery teacher.
Aire-la-Ville is a municipality in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.
History.
Aire-la-Ville is first mentioned in 1429 as "Aeria Villa".
In 1666 it was mentioned as "Haire-la-Ville".
Geography.
Aire-la-Ville has an area, , of .
All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The Cheneviers incineration plant is located within the community limits.
The municipality of Aire-la-Ville consists of the sub-sections or villages of Treulaz, Cheneviers, Vieux-Four and La Fin.
Demographics.
Aire-la-Ville has a population () of .
There are 2 people who speak Romansh.
In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 2 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death.
Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 7 while the foreign population increased by 1.
There were 4 Swiss men and 2 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland.
At the same time, there was 1 non-Swiss man and 1 non-Swiss woman who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 39 and the non-Swiss population decreased by 12 people. , there were 320 people who were single and never married in the municipality.
There were 359 married individuals, 22 widows or widowers and 35 individuals who are divorced. , there were 261 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household.
There were 64 households that consist of only one person and 28 households with five or more people.
Of the rest of the households, there are 64 married couples without children, 109 married couples with children There were 22 single parents with a child or children.
There were 2 households that were made up of unrelated people and 7 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
Of the single family homes 25 were built before 1919, while 26 were built between 1990 and 2000.
The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 91.
There were 7 single room apartments and 92 apartments with five or more rooms. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents.
In the canton-wide election they received the third highest proportion of votes.
In 2011, all the municipalities held local elections, and in Aire-la-Ville there were 13 spots open on the municipal council.
Out of the 424 votes, there were 8 null or unreadable votes and 53 votes with a name that was not on the list.
Economy. , there were 6 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 3 businesses involved in this sector. 152 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 9 businesses in this sector. 20 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 7 businesses in this sector. the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 175.
The number of jobs in the primary sector was 5, all of which were in agriculture.
The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 19. , there were 189 workers who commuted into the municipality and 322 workers who commuted away.
The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.
Religion.
There were 3 individuals who were Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church.
Education.
During the 2009-2010 school year there were a total of 259 students in the Aire-la-Ville school system.
The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten.
During that school year, there were 32 children who were too young for kindergarten.
The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes.
In Aire-la-Ville there were 32 students in kindergarten or primary school and 6 students were in the special, smaller classes.
The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools.
There were 32 lower secondary students who attended school in Aire-la-Ville.
There were 70 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 6 students who were in a professional, non-university track program.
So Many Rivers is the fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bobby Womack.
The album was released in 1985, by MCA Records.
The album debuted at number 66 on the "Billboard" 200.
Critical reception.
Debate with Mare Pare () is a Philippine television public affairs debate show broadcast by GMA Network.
Hosted by Oscar Orbos and Solita Monsod, it premiered on November 18, 1998.
The show concluded on November 2, 2006.
Guled Haji () was a Somali sage and the "Aqil" or leader of the Baha Sugule branch of the powerful Rer Ainanshe Habr Yunis.
The Rer Ainashe are the traditional rulers of the Habr Yunis Sultanate.
Biography.
Guled had completed the Hajj pilgrimage to Makkah and adopted the honorific "Hajji" title and was referred to as such rather than his full name.
He was a grandson of the first Sultan of the Habr Yunis Sugulleh Ainashe.
According to Italian explorer Enrico Baudi i Vesme, who visited Burao in 1889, Guled Haji was a prominent chief of Burao ranking second only to Sultan Awad Deria.
Guled Haji has a town named after him in the Oodweyne district of Togdheer.
Proverbs.
Guled was known for his wise speech and proverbs and he gave birth to hundreds of them in the Somali language and some are still used in the present day. what one needs for survival ( water inst.)
The Habr Je'lo had asked Guled which man among them was the wisest but he responded with this remark " if i divulge his name , you would instantly kill him" by pronouncing him the wiset Guuleed a famous sage words would sentence such a man to death making him a target for revenge.
Somali nomads usually seek the best of men for their revenge killings.
Guled was keen to preserve harmony and as a powerful individual he was aware his words carried weight.
War with Hersi Aman.
Sultan Hersi Aman's increasing grip and autocratic rule over the Habr Yunis had fermented some resentment amongst his direct subclan (Rer Sugule) and some stood to challenge him.
Guled had a fallout with Sultan Hersi and his son was killed by one of Hersis' sons in battle.
Hersi's son approached his father and implored him to pay the traditional "mag" compensation to Guled for the loss of his child.
Hersi arrogantly rebuffed his son and all-out conflict would break out between Ba Awal (Hersi's branch) and Baho Sugule branches of the Rer Sugule.
Fighting would continue and one Baha Sugulle leading warrior Warsame Dhakaar had slain 3 brothers of Ba Awal .
Pressured to spare the 4th teenager brother Jama Ammume ( Jama Warsame "Dhinbiil" Yusuf sultan Diiriye) also known as " Ammume (the Mute)" a great-grandson of Sultan Deria Sugule who was from a different house "Bah" (wife of sultan Deria).
Warsame reluctantly pressured by his men urging him not to make the mother virtually childless at her age, he relented adding a contemptuous remark "Having killed all her worthy sons let her use this one begging for offals.
"These words have deeply injured the Mute, so much that he couldn't hide it and had to admit it in his poem after killing Warsame " now that i have quenched my thirst healing my festering wound from his injurious mouth", during the next clash Jama would mortally wound Warsame and recited his first ever poem .
In it, he praises his horse 'Hamar' that performed well that day and speaks about Warsame.
These poems were recorded by Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti in his 1889 articale.
Death of Hersi Aman.
The Sultan Hersi himself was killed in previous battles making his clan belligerent pushing the war even though in all purpose have been defeated.
At last offered an honorable offer they accepted the terms when Warsame having killed 3 brothers of their clan, hearing of the amount of the restitutions in livestocks in the hundreds collected from everyman including Warsame, Warsame scornfully replied " let the herds of the coward be collected for such compensations, am not" that and killing the 3 brothers ignited the war again killin the compromise deal.
Continuation of the War.
Following Hersi's death the Rer Sugule gathered and the issue of compensation for the Sultan's death was a pressing issue.
The conflict originally starting because no compensation had been paid to Guled Haji for his son.
They decided that none would be paid for Xirsi the instigator or his son but the rest were compensated (the numbers of killings surpassing the other party) difference in death.
Both Awad Deria and Nur Ahmed Aman were proclaimed Sultan by their respective branches (Baho Sugule and Ba Awal respectively) with Sultan Nur eventually triumphing as the uncontested Sultan.
Guled was a strong supporter of Sultan Awad and during the period of division, the rival sultans would split Habr Yunis territory in two and the lucrative caravan routes to tax.
Matapa druna, the grey-brand redeye, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae.
It is found from Sikkim to northern Vietnam, China, Borneo and Bali.
The upperside is uniform brown and the underside is ferruginous.
WDBK (91.5 FM) is a college radio station.
WDBK's weekday programming consists of 1-hour live radio shows during the fall and spring semesters from 10 am to 3 pm.
During the evenings and weekends, there are some specialty shows (not live) that will air.
A Madea Homecoming is a 2022 American comedy film produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry and his second film to be released by Netflix.
Besides Perry, the film stars Cassi Davis-Patton, David Mann, Tamela Mann, Gabrielle Dennis, and Brendan O'Carroll.
It is the twelfth film in the "Madea" cinematic universe which tells the story of Madea partaking in her great-grandson's college graduation party as hidden secrets emerge and surprise visitors show up.
It was released on February 25, 2022.
It is adapted from Perry's stage play "Madea's Farewell Play", the first "Madea" film to be adapted from a stage play since "A Madea Christmas".
The film is also a crossover between the "Madea" franchise and the Irish sitcom "Mrs. Brown's Boys".
Plot.
In Atlanta, Georgia, Mr. Brown puts too much gasoline on the barbecue and sets himself on fire.
Other family members are getting ready for Tim's graduation celebration.
Cora arrives with groceries and talks about how places in their neighborhood got burnt down in the riots.
Laura arrives with divorce lawyer friend Sylvia.
Tim and Davi arrive with Tim's aunt Ellie in her police uniform.
Joe tells her to get rid of it, saying police are criminals.
She refuses, but later takes it off.
Aunt Bam starts hitting on Davi and Tim.
Joe says he suspects the two boys are gay.
Agnes Brown and her daughter Cathy arrive and after doing the "Wakanda Forever" salute, thinking her hosts were true Africans, Cora slams the door on them before letting them in.
Madea starts threatening Agnes until Davi explains she is his great-aunt.
Agnes asks "Why do you all look like you have your knickers in a bunch?" but everyone mishears "knickers" as "niggers".
She lifts her skirt to explain that "knickers" are underwear.
They go to dinner at Red Lobster, where Cora gives Brown candy from Madea's purse for his blood sugar levels.
Madea irritates Cora by reminiscing about her days as a stripper.
Madea tries to show the restaurant is full of strippers by shouting a line from "Up", whereupon nearly all of the women reply.
Joe arrives wearing Black Lives Matter memorabilia and resumes insulting Ellie over her police job.
Back at the house Tim's father Richard has been waiting.
Madea fires her gun without warning, making Joe defecate in his leather pants.
While washing dishes Laura tells Agnes she is confused that Davi, after graduation, will return to Ireland to take over his grandfather's farm.
Tim makes an announcement, coming out as gay.
Everyone says they already knew.
Sylvia reveals she has been secretly dating Richard.
Madea orders Richard and Sylvia to leave at gunpoint.
Seeing Mr. Brown and Agnes acting strangely, Cora tells Madea she gave them candy from her purse.
Madea reveals it was marijuana.
Mr. Brown, as "The Brown Panther", jumps off the roof in his underwear with a bed sheet cape and knocks himself out.
Laura and Ellie are discussing Richard and Sylvia when Madea claims her roommate Rosa Parks stole her boyfriend in 1955, inadvertently setting off the Montgomery bus boycott and the Civil Rights movement as a whole.
The next morning, when Agnes apologizes Madea says she will give her the recipe for the chocolate marijuana.
Tensions rise when Richard and Sylvia come back to the barbecue.
Davi fights with Richard and Richard hits Laura by accident.
Davi reveals he has been seeing Laura and proposes to her.
She declines.
Laura tells Ellie of her confusion that Davi is returning to Ireland.
Ellie questions the reason Laura declined Davi's proposal.
Tim rejects Davi's apology.
Madea tells Laura to feel okay about the drama and apologize and convinces Tim to forgive Davi.
At the graduation, Tim rips up his prepared speech and speaks about his family, apologizing to Davi and Laura, and crediting all his family for their love and support.
When he gives credit to his father Richard, Madea interrupts to insult Richard.
The family congratulates Tim and Davi, Tim having told Davi he approves of his relationship with Laura.
Davi proposes again to Laura who says yes.
Agnes gives him her blessing, revealing that his grandfather need not know as he's in prison for sleeping with a sheep in a hotel.
Agnes and Cathy prepare to return to Ireland.
Madea says she can't accept Agnes' invitation to visit because "there is too much sand", having confused Ireland with Iran the whole time.
Production.
After originally planning to retire the Madea character after "A Madea Family Funeral" and "Madea's Farewell Play", Tyler Perry later reverted these plans on a joint announcement with Netflix announcing Madea's return to film.
Filming took place at Tyler Perry Studios in June 2021.
Release.
The film was released on February 25, 2022 by Netflix.
Reception.
He was a seminal figure of the now extinct Iraqi School of the Maliki madhab.
Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab is also remembered for his knowledge of Arabic literature and poetry.
He is known by the title "Qadi" meaning judge in Arabic, as he was a prominent judge in Abbasid Siirt and Badra.
He is best known for his work "at-Talqin" on Maliki fiqh which is still studied today, particularly for its recording of the positions of the Iraqi school of the Maliki madhab.
Life.
'Abd al-Wahhab was born in Baghdad in 973 CE (362 AH) when Abbasid control was largely confined to a titular and spiritual role under al-Muti.
The Shiite Buyid Dynasty largely dominated the political and military arena.
Despite this, he studied under some of the most prominent Sunni Maliki scholars of Baghdad, most notably the Iraqi jurists Al-Abhari and Ibn al-Jallab as well as the Ash'ari theologian al-Baqillani.
During the latter part of his life, he lived in poverty in Baghdad, and eventually left his hometown.
His fortunes changed in Egypt where he was highly regarded as a scholar.
He died in 1031, allegedly of food poisoning.
He was buried in the Qarafa cemetery in Cairo between the tomb of Imam al-Shafi and the gates of Qarafa.
Soho Session is a live album by the British blues band the Peter Green Splinter Group, led by Peter Green.
Released in 1999, this was their third album.
Recorded on 5 April 1998 at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, the double album featured new versions of various songs from the group's previous albums, and also some of Green's Fleetwood Mac songs.
On the same night, the group's previous drummer Cozy Powell was killed in a road accident.
This was the group's last album to feature bass guitarist Neil Murray.
Track listing.
Disc one.
The album incorrectly lists the composer of track 2 as Otis Rush.
The Fujifilm FinePix S1 Pro was an interchangeable lens digital single-lens reflex camera introduced in January 2000.
It was based on a Nikon F60 (Nikon N60 in the U.S.) film camera body that was modified by Fujifilm to include its own proprietary image sensor and electronics.
Because of the Nikon body, it had a Nikon F lens mount and so could use most lenses made for Nikon 35 mm cameras.
It was autofocusing, had an electronically controlled focal plane shutter with speeds from 30 sec. and built-in exposure metering and pop-up flash.
Its ISO film speed equivalents ranged from 320-1600.
The camera is no longer in production, having been superseded by the Fujifilm FinePix S2 Pro in January 2002.
Aside from the Nikon lens mount, the camera's principal distinction was its unique (and controversial) 3.1 megapixel photo sensor.
Known as the Super CCD, it was unique in having its photodiodes oriented diagonally rather than horizontally and vertically as in all other SLR cameras.
This allowed the use of a sophisticated interpolation system that produced an output image equivalent to 6.2 megapixels.
Tamara Culibrk (born 29 November 1997) is an American tennis player.
Culibrk made her WTA main draw debut at the 2018 Silicon Valley Classic in the doubles draw partnering Sybille Gauvain.
Mordella luctuosa is a species of beetle in the genus "Mordella" of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea.
Martha Hellion is a visual artist, radical publisher, and freelance curator.
From then on her praxis has been focused on editions of artists' books and other multidisciplinary projects.
She is co-founder of the Beau Geste Press in England, a Fluxus-associated enterprise that was part of the transnational 1970s avant-gardes.
Hellion moved from Mexico to England with fellow artist (and then-husband) Felipe Ehrenberg in the wake of the military's execution of student demonstrators in Tlatelolco, Mexico City, in 1968.
With artist and art historian David Mayor, cartoonist Chris Welch, and Madeleine Gallard, they eventually founded the Beau Geste Press on a farm in Devon.
The collective published eight issues of "Schmuck" between 1972 and 1978 in editions of around 550.
The goal of the magazine, and Beau Geste Press, was to foster international relationships between artists.
Hellion has continued to carry on all kinds of activities around books and has also taken part in specialized seminars where research on artists' books continues.
The history of amateur radio, dates from the dawn of radio communications, with published instructions for building simple wireless sets appearing at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Throughout its history, amateur radio enthusiasts have made significant contributions to science, engineering, industry, and social services.
Research by amateur radio operators has founded new industries, built economies, empowered nations, and saved lives in times of emergency.
Beginnings.
Amateur radio came into being after radio waves (proved to exist by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1888) were adapted into a communication system in the 1890s by the Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi.
In the late 19th century there had been amateur "wired" telegraphers setting up their own interconnected telegraphic systems.
Following Marconi's success many people began experimenting with this new form of "wireless telegraphy".
Information on "Hertzian wave" based wireless telegraphy systems (the name "radio" would not come into common use until several years later) was sketchy, with magazines such as the November, 1901 issue of "Amateur Work" showing how to build a simple system based on Hertz' early experiments.
Magazines show a continued progress by amateurs including a 1904 story on two Boston, Massachusetts 8th graders constructing a transmitter and receiver with a range of eight miles and a 1906 story about two Rhode Island teenagers building a wireless station in a chicken coop.
In 1908, students at Columbia University formed the Wireless Telegraph Club of Columbia University, now the Columbia University Amateur Radio Club.
This is the earliest recorded formation of an amateur radio club, collegiate or otherwise.
In 1910, the Amateurs of Australia formed, now the Wireless Institute of Australia.
The rapid expansion and even "mania" for amateur radio, with many thousands of transmitters set up by 1910, led to a wide spread problem of inadvertent and even malicious radio interference with commercial and military radio systems.
Some of the problem came from amateurs using crude spark-transmitters that spread signals across a wide part of the radio spectrum.
Other countries followed suit and by 1913 the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea was convened and produced a treaty requiring shipboard radio stations to be staffed 24 hours a day.
The Radio Act of 1912 also marked the beginning of U.S. federal licensing of amateur radio operators and stations.
The origin of the term "ham", as a synonym for an amateur radio operator, was apparently a taunt by professional telegraphers.
World War I.
By 1917, World War I had put a stop to amateur radio.
In the United States, Congress ordered all amateur radio operators to cease operation and even dismantle their equipment.
These restrictions were lifted after World War I ended, and the amateur radio service restarted on October 1, 1919.
Between the wars.
In 1921, a challenge was issued by American hams to their counterparts in the United Kingdom to receive radio contacts from across the Atlantic.
Soon, many American stations were beginning to be heard in the UK, shortly followed by a UK amateur being heard in the US in December 1922.
Shortly after, the first two way contact between the UK and USA was in December 1923, between London and West Hartford, Connecticut.
In the following months 17 American and 13 European amateur stations were communicating.
In 1933 Robert Moore, W6DEI, begins single-sideband voice experiments on 75 meter lower sideband.
By 1934, there were several ham stations on the air using single-sideband.
World War II.
During the German occupation of Poland, the priest Fr.
Maximilian Kolbe, SP3RN was arrested by the Germans.
The Germans believed his amateur radio activities were somehow involved in espionage and he was transferred to Auschwitz on May 28, 1941.
After some prisoners escaped in 1941, the Germans ordered that 10 prisoners be killed in retribution.
Fr.
Kolbe was martyred when he volunteered to take the place of one of the condemned men.
On October 10, 1982 he was canonized by Pope John Paul II as Saint Maximilian Kolbe, Apostle of Consecration to Mary and declared a Martyr of charity.
He is considered the Patron saint of Amateur radio operators.
Again during World War II, as it had done during the first World War, the United States Congress suspended all amateur radio operations.
With most of the American amateur radio operators in the armed forces at this time, the US government created the War Emergency Radio Service which would remain active through 1945.
After the War the amateur radio service began operating again, with many hams converting war surplus radios, such as the ARC-5, to amateur use.
Post war era.
During the 1950s, hams helped pioneer the use of single-sideband modulation for HF voice communication.
In 1961 the first orbital amateur radio satellite was launched.
OSCAR I would be the first of a series of amateur radio satellites created throughout the world.
Ham radio enthusiasts were instrumental in keeping U.S. Navy personnel stationed in Antarctica in contact with loved ones back home during the International Geophysical Year during the late 1950s.
Late 20th century.
Today, these three bands are often referred to as the "WARC bands" by hams.
During the Falklands War in 1982, Argentine forces seized control of the phones and radio network on the islands and had cut off communications with London.
Scottish amateur radio operator Les Hamilton, GM3ITN was able to relay crucial information from fellow hams Bob McLeod and Tony Pole-Evans on the islands to British military intelligence in London, including the details of troop deployment, bombing raids, radar bases and military activities.
During 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav amateur radio operators exchanged information from posts in public shelters.
However, owing to an informal code of conduct, radio hams usually avoid controversial subjects and political discussions.
Major contributions to communications in the fields of automated message systems and packet radio were made by amateur radio operators throughout the 1980s.
These computer controlled systems were used for the first time to distribute communications during and after disasters.
American entry-level Novice and Technician class licensees were granted CW and SSB segments on the 10 Meter Band in 1987.
The frequency ranges allocated to them are still known today throughout much of the world as the Novice Sub Bands even though it is no longer possible to obtain a Novice class license in the US.
Further advances in digital communications occurred in the 1990s as Amateurs used the power of PCs and sound cards to introduce such modes as PSK31 and began to incorporate digital signal processing and software-defined radio into their activities. 21st century.
In 2003 the World radiocommunications conference (WRC) met in Geneva, Switzerland, and voted to allow member countries of the International Telecommunication Union to eliminate Morse code testing if they so wished .
On December 15, 2006, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a Report and Order eliminating all Morse code testing requirements for all American Amateur Radio License applicants, which took effect February 23, 2007.
The relaxing of Morse code tests has also occurred in most other countries, resulting in a boosting in the number of radio amateurs worldwide.
While there is no longer a requirement for hams to learn "the Code", it remains a popular communications mode.
Most of Europe allows licensed operators from other countries to obtain permits to transmit in Europe during visits.
Residential permits are available in many countries globally whereby a valid license from one country will be honored by other countries under international treaties.
In early 2010, only North Korea had an absolute ban on ham radio operator licenses, although many countries still maintain careful records of ham licensees, and limit their activities and frequency bands and transmit power output.
Amateur radio emergency communications assisted in disaster relief activities for events such as the September 11 attacks in 2001, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and the Sichuan earthquake in 2008.
The Halltown Colored Free School in Halltown, West Virginia was built in 1870 to educate children from the African-American community in Halltown.
The school was racially segregated from local schools for whites, in accordance with the laws of the time.
It functioned in that capacity until 1929, when it was converted to a residence.
The school is to the left and behind the Halltown Union Colored Sunday School, and is owned by the same community organization.
Early life.
He was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne where he played football for the first XVIII and then played football with South Yarra in the Metropolitan League from 1912 to 1914.
Football.
St Kilda.
Upon his return for war, Carbarns played for two seasons with St Kilda where he played a total of 19 games.
Hawthorn.
In 1922 Carbarns transferred to Hawthorn (then in the Victorian Football Association).
He played for Hawthorn for four years, including the 1925 VFL season, their first in the VFL competition.
Later life.
After his VFL career Carbarns worked as a sales agent and lived in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne.
He also worked as a journalist for the Sporting Globe and served in numerous football and cricket administration roles.
Fort Tuthill is a former National Guard training facility and a county park situated in Coconino County, Arizona.
It has an estimated elevation of above sea level.
The fort is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History.
Fort Tuthill was built in 1930 as a training facility for National Guardsmen.
During the summers, the fort would host up to 3,000 people from around the southwest.
The fort closed around 1948.
Fort Tuthill is now a county park and the site of a fairgrounds.
Luke Air Force Base operates a military recreation area at Fort Tuthill.
The Fort Tuthill military history museum is also located on the site.
Released after the successful 2010's "Sting in the Tail", half of the album features re-recorded versions of their own classic songs and the other half cover versions of 1960s and early 1970s popular rock songs.
It was announced on 3 October 2011, with a planned global release date of 4 November and a US release on 24 January 2012.
"Comeblack" was also released for streaming online by AOL Music on 23 January 2012.
The album was released by Sony Music Entertainment and available in both CD and vinyl formats.
During its first week on sale in the US, "Comeblack" sold about 5,000 copies, debuting at number 90 on the "Billboard" 200 chart.
Loyalty is the sixth studio album by American rapper Soulja Boy.
It was released on February 3, 2015, by Stacks on Deck Entertainment.
Background.
On November 17, 2014, DeAndre Way announced via his Instagram that he signed a new label deal to Universal Music Group.
He also revealed the title, cover art and the release date to his upcoming fourth studio album, titled "Loyalty".
He later announced the album would be released on December 2, 2014.
On February 3, 2015, Way announced that he would be releasing the album digitally on iTunes, and it would also be released independently on his label Stacks on Deck Entertainment.
Singles.
The album was preceded by only one single, "Hurricane".
It was initially released on December 27, 2014 and as a single on January 2, 2015.
Sphegina tenuifemorata is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.
Distribution.
Astride Gneto (born 24 April 1996) is a French judoka.
Gneto won one of the bronze medals in the women's team event at the 2016 European Judo Championships held in Kazan, Russia.
She also won one of the bronze medals in her event at the 2018 Judo Grand Prix The Hague held in The Hague, Netherlands.
In 2019, Gneto won one of the bronze medals in her event at the Judo World Masters held in Qingdao, China.
In 2020, she competed in the women's 52 kg event at the European Judo Championships held in Prague, Czech Republic where she was eliminated in the repechage by Natalia Kuziutina of Russia.
In 2021, Gneto won one of the bronze medals in her event at the Judo World Masters held in Doha, Qatar.
In June 2021, she competed in the women's 52 kg and mixed team events at the World Judo Championships held in Budapest, Hungary.
In her own event she was eliminated in her second match and in the mixed team event she won the silver medal.
She won the gold medal in her event at the 2022 Judo Grand Slam Tel Aviv held in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Stagonomus is a genus of shieldbug belonging to the family Pentatomidae, subfamily Pentatominae.
Craugastor bransfordii is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae.
It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
The 1905 Kingswinford by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Kingswinford, Staffordshire held on 3 July 1905.
It was triggered by the death of incumbent MP William George Webb.
The Hanthana Mountain Range lies in the central highlands of Sri Lanka, south-west of Kandy.
It was declared as an environmental protection area in February 2010 under the National Environment Act.
The maximum height of the range is .
The mountain range consists of seven peaks.
The highest one being the "Uura Kanda".
The range is a favourite destination among the mountain hikers in Sri Lanka.
Bishagang () is a metro station of Zhengzhou Metro Line 1.
The station lies beneath the crossing of Jianshe Road and Baihua Road, about 500m west of the Bishagang Park.
Station layout.
The station has 2 floors underground.
The B1 floor is for the station concourse and the B2 floor is for the platforms and tracks.
Pauline Jean English, , is an Australian paraplegic swimmer, who won five medals at two Paralympics.
She later became the first person with a disability to swim across Sydney Harbour.
English has been paralysed from the waist down since the age of three due to transverse myelitis.
In December 1971, shortly after she had finished school at the age of 14, her father encouraged her to take up competitive swimming.
He enrolled her at Don Talbot's swimming pool in the Sydney suburb of Hurstville.
At that pool, one of Talbot's assistants, Trevor Ellis, taught her how to balance herself and gain power by making her swim against a rubber hose that was tied to both her ankles at the edge of the pool.
Four weeks after her first lesson, she broke two Australian records at the New South Wales Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Games and four weeks after that, she won four gold medals and broke four Australian records at the 7th National Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Games, Merrylands.
From then on, she was coached by Janice Murphy, who had previously been an Olympic swimmer.
English's outstanding achievements at the National Games gained her a place, at 15 years of age, the youngest athlete of the 30-member strong Australian team, to compete at the 1972 Heidelberg Paralympics.
The Mayoress of Hurstville City Council, Mrs K J Ryan also launched an appeal to cover expenses and the Mayor, Alderman K J Ryan MLA, presented the cheque to English.
She won two gold medals in freestyle and individual medley and two silver medals in the backstroke and the relay at the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin, New Zealand.
At the 1974 International Stoke Mandeville Games in London she won a bronze medal.
Her butterfly event was originally scheduled for the evening, so English decided to watch the earlier swimming events at the venue.
English won the Leader-McDowell Sportstar award in recognition of her achievements at the 1972 National Games in Merrylands, and, at 19 years of age she won the Stewart-Toyota Leader Sportstar award.
In preparation for the 1976 Toronto Paralympics, English trained with her coach Janice Murphy for the five weeks prior to the Games, at Lakehead University Pool, Thunder Bay, Canada.
She home-stayed with the family of Bill Koivisto, who was the organiser of sports for locally disabled people.
Bill Guy, sports editor of "The Chronicle-Journal", said that the many friends made during her stay would be "pulling for the plucky girl from down under to do well at Toronto".
During her interview with Bill Guy, English said that she was unsure if she would continue competitive swimming after the Games.
She had completed her typing and book-keeping course and would make a decision at a later date.
Accompanied by long-distance swimmer Des Renford, and escorted by four volunteer professional divers from Sea Life and Dive Company, English quickly outpaced them.
She was the first disabled person to swim across Sydney Harbour.
Australian spokesperson for the "Guinness Book of Records", Bob Burton, said that the swim was a very specialised case and that details sent to London by Des Renford, will merit consideration.
Rotary and Rotaract Clubs, together with the United Permanent Building Society who campaigned for funds to provide the stadium, invited English to make the swim to publicize the LP album "I Believe".
It featured many famous singers who donated their talents, with music by Tommy Tycho.
Both English and fellow paralympian Michael North were featured on the cover of the album.
Penshurst Municipal Library, a branch of Hurstville City Council library, approved leave for English to meet her commitments both before and after the marathon swim.
This included both radio and television appearances, on "the Tonight Show" in Melbourne and Guest of Honour on the Channel 7 programme "This Is Your Life".
"Wij zijn Ajax" (Dutch, "We are Ajax") is a song by Ajax and Friends.
The song also features rap parts from Darryl, RB Djan and Ryan Babel.
The single was released online as a digital download on SPEC Entertainment, the label owned by popular Dutch rapper Ali B., while the video clip was frequently aired on television at the time of the release.
During his service in Congress, he was involved in the investigation of election frauds during the Hayes-Tilden campaign.
He was chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses), Committee on Elections (Forty-sixth Congress), Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Forty-eighth Congress), Committee on Claims (Forty-ninth Congress), Committee on Territories (Fiftieth Congress), Committee on Ways and Means (Fifty-second Congress), Committee on Banking and Currency (Fifty-third Congress).
While on the Committee on Territories Springer framed the bills that organized Oklahoma Territory and also created a federal judicial system for the Indian Territory.
Springer created an Amendment as a "rider" to the Indian Appropriations Act for 1890.
The Springer Amendment began the process of placing the Unassigned Lands of Indian Territory within the federal public domain and open to homesteaders.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress.
He again resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C., in 1895.
He was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as a United States judge for the northern district of Indian Territory and chief justice of the United States Court of Appeals of Indian Territory.
In 1900 Springer left his judicial post to establish law offices in both Chicago and Washington, D.C.
He also worked for the National Livestock Association as their lobbyist, where he became exposed to the Kiowa reserve grasslands.
Though the Springer Amendment helped to open up Indian lands to homesteaders, in 1901 William Springer was hired by two Kiowa Indians (later to include numerous other Indians from the KCA tribes) from the Kiowa, Comanche, Apache Reservation to represent them in what became the court case of "Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock", 187 U.S. 553 (1903).
Springer had aided in the writing of a memorial to the President protesting the 1900 Act that resulted from the Jerome Agreement between the Indians from the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Reservation and the members of the Jerome Commission.
In the Jerome Agreement, the tribes of the KCA Reservation ceded most of their lands to the United States who would then open it up for allotment to white settlers.
The request for the restraining order was denied by Judge Clinton F. Irwin.
Springer and his colleagues appeal to The Supreme Court for the District of Columbia where on June 21, 1901, Justice A. C. Bradley denied the KCA's application for a temporary injunction.
Springer appealed the District Court's decision to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia where the decision in the lower courts was upheld on December 4, 1901, by Chief Justice Alvey.
Finally, Springer, now aided by attorney Hampton Carson who was hired by the Indian Rights Association, appealed to the United States Supreme Court and where once again he was unsuccessful in his appeal.
On January 5, 1903, in a unanimous decision, the Court affirmed the Court of Appeals and upheld the Congressional action.
The Court rejected the Indians' argument that Congress' action was a taking under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Justice Edward D. White described the Indians as the wards of the nation and matters involving Indian lands were the sole jurisdiction of Congress.
Congress, therefore, had the power to abrogate the provisions of an Indian treaty, including the two million acre change.
Justice John M. Harlan concurred in the judgment.
This case maintained that the federal government had always had plenary power over tribes and could unilaterally abrogate Indian treaty rights despite the protests of the tribes.
Springer unsuccessfully challenged the federal income tax levied during the Civil War in the case of "Springer v. United States".
William Springer died from pneumonia at his home in Washington, D.C., on December 4, 1903.
Xewkija Tigers F.C. is a football club from the village of Xewkija in Gozo, Malta.
The club was founded in 1938, and currently plays in the Gozo Football League, First Division.
History.
Xewkija Tigers Football Club is a Maltese football club that was founded in 1938.
However, the team did not play their first competitive match until five years after their inception.
Prior to this, Xewkija Tigers had only engaged in friendly matches, primarily due to the challenging circumstances that the inhabitants of Gozo faced during World War II.
It wasn't until the 1944-45 season that the club made their debut in local competitions, marking a significant milestone in their history.
The following season, in 1945-46, Xewkija Tigers achieved their first notable accomplishment by winning the Galea Cup.
This victory was a defining moment for the club, and it set the stage for their continued success in the years to come.
At the end of this season it was decided that Xewkija Rovers should stop participating in the Gozitan league, leaving the village's representation solely to Xewkija Tigers.
This squad included the likes of John Busuttil, Mike Apap, Salvu Cilia, Charlie Le Prevost, Frank Mizzi, Carmel Attard, Raymond Rapa, Paul Vella, John Spiteri, Wistin Scerri, John Attard, Carmel Portelli, Benny Vella, Paul Hili, Joe Debrincat and Joe Grech.
It was guided to victory under Mr. Joe Psaila, whereas the club was in the hands of President Mr. Frans Zammit Haber.
The team managed to win all the titles which the Gozitan league offered in these years.
Xewkija were managed by Mr. Salvu Cilia.
Xewkija were once again managed by Mr. Salvu Cilia, who incidentally left his mark in all Xewkija's league titles (one as a player and three as a coach).
The coach at the time was Mario Bonello.
In 2011-12 season Xewkija Tigers won the title in Gozo Football League First Division,G.F.A.
Current squad.
Distant Mind Alternative is the second full-length album by the Australian group Kohllapse, released in 1999.
Recording history.
While the album was originally self-released, "Distant Mind Alternative" was distributed through Nuclear Blast USA.
A musicvideo was shot for "Thorn", and was released on HM Magazine's Heaven's Metal Video Magazine Volume 6 VHS.
Musically, "Distant Mind Alternative" is darker, doomier and more atmospheric than the self-titled album.
The album introduced a more mellow and somber direction with more emphasis on dark electronical sounds.
The album incorporates strong darkwave an industrial elements on songs such as "Real Man in Quicksand".
Ro Edwards switched his vocal out put to a more deeper baritone singing in contrast with the previous death growl style.
Edwards' vocal patterns on this album are said to be reminiscent of those of Peter Steele (Type O Negative) while he also incorporates some extreme vocals.
Annee Marootians did some female vocals on the song "Contort".
"Distant Mind Alternative" achieved rave reviews and critics called it innovative for its style that combined darkwave with doom metal.
A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve.
Solenoid valves differ in the characteristics of the electric current they use, the strength of the magnetic field they generate, the mechanism they use to regulate the fluid, and the type and characteristics of fluid they control.
The mechanism varies from linear action, plunger-type actuators to pivoted-armature actuators and rocker actuators.
The valve can use a two-port design to regulate a flow or use a three or more port design to switch flows between ports.
Multiple solenoid valves can be placed together on a manifold.
Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics.
Their tasks are to shut off, release, dose, distribute or mix fluids.
They are found in many application areas.
Solenoids offer fast and safe switching, high-reliability, long service life, good medium compatibility of the materials used, low control power and compact design.
Operation.
There are many valve design variations.
Ordinary valves can have many ports and fluid paths.
If the valve is open when the solenoid is not energized, then the valve is termed normally open (N.O.).
Similarly, if the valve is closed when the solenoid is not energized, then the valve is termed normally closed (N.C.).
There are also 3-way and more complicated designs.
Solenoid valves are also characterized by how they operate.
A small solenoid can generate a limited force.
A typical solenoid force might be .
An application might be a low pressure (e.g., ) gas with a small orifice diameter (e.g., for an orifice area of and approximate force of ).
If the force required is low enough, the solenoid is able to directly actuate the main valve.
These are simply called Direct-Acting solenoid valves.
When electricity is supplied, electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy, physically moving a barrier to either obstruct flow (if it is N.O.) or allow flow (if it is N.C.).
A spring is often used to return the valve to its resting position once power is shut off.
Direct-acting valves are useful for their simplicity, although they do require a large amount of power relative to other types of solenoid valves.
If fluid pressures are high and orifice diameter is large, a solenoid may not generate enough force on its own to actuate the valve.
To solve this, a Pilot-Operated solenoid valve design can be used.
Such a design uses the pressurized fluid itself to apply the forces required to actuate the valve, with the solenoid as a "pilot" directing the fluid (see subsection below).
Pilot-operated solenoids tend to consume less energy than direct-action, although they will not work at all without sufficient fluid pressure and are more susceptible to getting clogged if the fluid has solid impurities.
A direct-acting solenoid valve typically operates in 5 to 10 milliseconds.
Power consumption and supply requirements of the solenoid vary with application, being primarily determined by fluid pressure and orifice diameter.
Comparatively, an industrial -inch 10,000 psi valve, intended for 12, 24, or 120 VAC systems in high-pressure fluid and cryogenic applications, has an inrush of 300 VA and a holding power of 22 VA.
Neither valve lists a minimum pressure required to remain closed in the unpowered state.
Pilot-operated.
While there are multiple design variants, the following is a detailed breakdown of a typical pilot-operated solenoid valve.
They may use metal seals or rubber seals, and may also have electrical interfaces to allow for easy control.
The diagram to the right shows the design of a basic valve, controlling the flow of water in this example.
The top half shows the valve in its closed state.
An inlet stream of pressurized water enters at A.
B is an elastic diaphragm and above it is a spring pushing it down.
The diaphragm has a pinhole through its center which allows a very small amount of water to flow through.
This water fills cavity C so that pressure is roughly equal on both sides of the diaphragm.
However, the pressurized water in cavity C acts across a much greater area of the diaphragm than the water in inlet A.
Diaphragm B will stay closed as long as small drain passage D remains blocked by a pin, which is controlled by solenoid E. In a normally closed valve, supplying an electric current to the solenoid will raise the pin via magnetic force, and the water in cavity C drains out through passage D faster than the pinhole can refill it.
Less water in cavity C means the pressure on that side of the diaphragm drops, proportionately dropping the force too.
With the downward force of cavity C now less than the upward force of inlet A, the diaphragm is pushed upward, thus opening the valve.
Water now flows freely from A to F. When the solenoid is deactivated and passage D is closed, water once again accumulates in cavity C, closing the diaphragm once the downward force exerted is great enough.
This process is the opposite for a normally open pilot-operated valve.
In that case, the pin is naturally held open by a spring, passage D is open, and cavity C is never able to fill up enough, pushing open diaphragm B and allowing unobstructed flow.
Supplying an electric current to the solenoid pushes the pin into a closed position, blocking passage D, allowing water to accumulate in cavity C, and ultimately closing diaphragm B.
This is why pilot-operated valves will not work without a sufficient pressure differential between input and output, the "muscle" needs to be strong enough to push back against the diaphragm and open it.
Should the pressure at the output rise above that of the input, the valve would open regardless of the state of the solenoid and pilot valve.
Components.
Solenoid valve designs have many variations and challenges.
The core is coaxial with the solenoid.
The core's movement will make or break the seals that control the movement of the fluid.
When the coil is not energized, springs will hold the core in its normal position.
The plugnut is also coaxial.
The core tube contains and guides the core.
It also retains the plugnut and may seal the fluid.
To optimize the movement of the core, the core tube needs to be nonmagnetic.
If the core tube were magnetic, then it would offer a shunt path for the field lines.
In some designs, the core tube is an enclosed metal shell produced by deep drawing.
In some other designs, the core tube is not closed but rather an open tube that slips over one end of the plugnut.
To retain the plugnut, the tube might be crimped to the plugnut.
An O-ring seal between the tube and the plugnut will prevent the fluid from escaping.
The solenoid coil consists of many turns of copper wire that surround the core tube and induce the movement of the core.
The coil is often encapsulated in epoxy.
The coil also has an iron frame that provides a low magnetic path resistance.
Materials.
The seals must be compatible with the fluid.
To simplify the sealing issues, the plugnut, core, springs, shading ring, and other components are often exposed to the fluid, so they must be compatible as well.
The requirements present some special problems.
The core tube needs to be non-magnetic to pass the solenoid's field through to the plugnut and the core.
The plugnut and core need a material with good magnetic properties such as iron, but iron is prone to corrosion.
Stainless steels can be used because they come in both magnetic and non-magnetic varieties.
For example, a solenoid valve might use 304 stainless steel for the body, 305 stainless steel for the core tube, 302 stainless steel for the springs, and 430 F stainless steel (a magnetic stainless steel) for the core and plugnut.
Types.
Solenoid valves are used in fluid power pneumatic and hydraulic systems, to control cylinders, fluid power motors or larger industrial valves.
Automatic irrigation sprinkler systems also use solenoid valves with an automatic controller.
Domestic washing machines and dishwashers use solenoid valves to control water entry into the machine.
They are also often used in paintball gun triggers to actuate the hammer valve.
Solenoid valves are usually referred to simply as "solenoids."
Solenoid valves can be used for a wide array of industrial applications, including general on-off control, calibration and test stands, pilot plant control loops, process control systems, and various original equipment manufacturer applications.
History and commercial development.
Moorfields Eye Hospital is a specialist NHS eye hospital in Finsbury in the London Borough of Islington in London, England run by Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
Together with the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, which is adjacent to the hospital, it is the oldest and largest centre for ophthalmic treatment, teaching and research in Europe.
History.
Moorfields Eye Hospital was founded at Charterhouse Square in 1805 as the London Dispensary for curing diseases of the Eye and Ear, by John Cunningham Saunders, assisted by John Richard Farre.
It moved to a site on the former Moorfields in 1822, before moving to its present site in 1899, and became part of the National Health Service in 1948.
These anniversaries gave it the unique ability to celebrate a centenary in 1999 and a bicentenary in 2005.
In February 2007, the new Richard Desmond Children's Eye Centre (RDCEC), was opened by the Queen.
Its location is adjacent to the hospital's main City Road building.
In December 2021, it was announced that the hospital will relocate to a new facility near King's Cross railway station and the Moorfields building had been sold to private developers.
Teaching and research.
Moorfields Eye Hospital is a major centre for postgraduate training of ophthalmologists, orthoptists, optometrists, and nurses.
It has also played a pivotal role in ophthalmic research.
Sir Stewart Duke-Elder founded the Institute of Ophthalmology (now an integral part of University College London), and Sir Harold Ridley, Charles Schepens, and Norman Ashton have carried out research at Moorfields and the Institute.
Fundraising and associated charities.
Founded in 1963, The Friends of Moorfields Charity is an independent registered charity, raising funds for the benefit of the patients of Moorfields Eye Hospital.
The primary aim of this charity is to provide supplementary services and equipment for the comfort and well-being of Moorfields' patients and their visitors.
It contributes towards buying much needed technical items for professional use in the hospital's clinics, satellite centres, operating theatres and research laboratories.
The charity also promotes and manages a wide range of volunteers, supporting the work and service of the hospital.
Moorfields Eye Charity is an independent registered charity for Moorfields Eye Hospital.
The Sri Lankan veterinarians strike for the better treatment of elephants began in August 2010 when veterinarians in Sri Lanka joined to protest for safety and preservation of elephants in their country.
The veterinarians went on strike to help the endangered and wounded elephants whose land was taken over by the people of Sri Lanka and no longer had the open space or proper resources to roam and live healthy lives.
The veterinarians demanded that the government give them the proper working conditions they needed in order to help the elephants as efficiently as possible.
Since 1990, the number of elephants in Sri Lanka dropped from nearly 12,000 to only 4,000 in 2010.
This happened because the Sri Lankan government allowed the land which was designated for these elephants to become occupied by humans.
In 2009, there were 50 human deaths and 228 deaths of the Sri Lankan elephants.
These elephants were pushed into small confined parts of the land in order to make room for the humans, allowing them to build houses and farms because of the increase in their population.
By the humans taking over the elephant's land, they created a shortage of food for the elephants and they were not getting enough of what they needed to survive.
The veterinarians whose funding for the wildlife veterinary program had been cut, took away the workers and services that helped the elephants.
The veterinarians wanted the proper space needed for these elephants to live peacefully and, in 2010, they presented a new elephant conservation plan to address the conflict between the villagers and the elephants.
The government turned it down and therefore the workers resorted to going on strike.
Strike.
The strike began on 15 August 2010.
Between 16 and 21 August, eleven national wildlife veterinarians went on strike, during this week they refused to work for or serve the government, but continued to help injured elephants and presented their demands.
They demanded better working conditions and for the government to fill the eight other positions they had left vacant.
They wanted new nature reserves and for the elephants to be resettled into them.
They also wanted to meet with the minister in charge of wildlife to discuss the new elephant conservation plan.
The veterinarians were able to meet with the Deputy Economic Development Minister, but this did not do much for their demands.
Club career.
Hajduk Split.
A youth international since the U14 level, he has drawn high praise from experts such as Vladimir Beara.
His first glimpse of first-team football was in October of the same year, when he acted as the reserve goalkeeper, but he only made his debut on 18 April 2015 in the home defeat to Rijeka, conceding two goals in the last 10 minutes of the game.
Lokomotiva.
His first experience away from his homeland.
At his debut for the club, he maintained a clean sheet.
Lille (loan).
He made his Champions League debut on 14 September, in a goalless draw with VfL Wolfsburg.
International career.
He was part of Croatia's UEFA Under-21 Euro 2019 squad.
Personal life.
He died in 2016.
Transcription regulator protein BACH2 (broad complex-tramtrack-bric a brac and Cap'n'collar homology 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "BACH2" gene.
Disease associations.
Single nucleotide variants in BACH2 have been linked to a number of autoimmune diseases in humans.
Mendelian BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) syndrome in humans is caused by haploinsufficiency of this transcription factor resulting from germline mutations.
In T cells, BACH2 is recruited by the transcription factor Vitamin D receptor (VDR) both "in vitro" and "in vivo" (for example, in psoriasis skin) and is an essential component of the regulatory functions of Vitamin D in these cells.
Model organisms.
Model organisms have been used in the study of BACH2 function.
A conditional knockout mouse line called "Bach2tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi" was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees.
Professional career.
Oakland Athletics.
Herrera signed as an international free agent with the Oakland Athletics in December 2011.
San Diego Padres.
In 2014, the Athletics traded Herrera and Jake Goebbert to the San Diego Padres for Kyle Blanks.
New York Yankees.
On April 26, 2016, Herrera pitched eight innings of a joint no-hitter for the Trenton Thunder, with Jonathan Holder completing the game.
The Yankees added him to their 40-man roster after the 2016 season.
The Yankees promoted Herrera to the major leagues on June 14, 2017.
Texas Rangers.
After the 2017 season, the Yankees traded Herrera to the Texas Rangers for Reiver Sanmartin.
Herrera missed the 2018 season with a shoulder injury, and the Rangers outrighted him off their 40-man roster following the season.
Herrera started the 2019 season on the injured list with the Triple-A Nashville Sounds as he recovered from shoulder surgery.
He became a free agent following the 2019 season.
New Jersey Jackals.
On March 2, 2021, Herrera signed with the New Jersey Jackals of the Frontier League.
Washington Nationals.
On February 9, 2022, Herrera signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals organization.
In 24 starts for Harrisburg, he registered a 5-9 record and 4.40 ERA with 114 strikeouts in 129.0 innings pitched.
A per cent mille or pcm is one one-thousandth of a percent.
It can be thought of as a "milli-percent".
It is commonly used in epidemiology, and in nuclear reactor engineering as a unit of reactivity.
Epidemiology.
The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects.
Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.
Basic optical microscopes can be very simple, although many complex designs aim to improve resolution and sample contrast.
The object is placed on a stage and may be directly viewed through one or two eyepieces on the microscope.
In high-power microscopes, both eyepieces typically show the same image, but with a stereo microscope, slightly different images are used to create a 3-D effect.
A camera is typically used to capture the image (micrograph).
The sample can be lit in a variety of ways.
Transparent objects can be lit from below and solid objects can be lit with light coming through (bright field) or around (dark field) the objective lens.
Polarised light may be used to determine crystal orientation of metallic objects.
Phase-contrast imaging can be used to increase image contrast by highlighting small details of differing refractive index.
A range of objective lenses with different magnification are usually provided mounted on a turret, allowing them to be rotated into place and providing an ability to zoom-in.
The maximum magnification power of optical microscopes is typically limited to around 1000x because of the limited resolving power of visible light.
While larger magnifications are possible no additional details of the object are resolved.
Alternatives to optical microscopy which do not use visible light include scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy and as a result, can achieve much greater magnifications.
Types.
A simple microscope uses the optical power of single lens or group of lenses for magnification.
A compound microscope uses a system of lenses (one set enlarging the image produced by another) to achieve much higher magnification of an object.
The vast majority of modern research microscopes are compound microscopes while some cheaper commercial digital microscopes are simple single lens microscopes.
Compound microscopes can be further divided into a variety of other types of microscopes which differ in their optical configurations, cost, and intended purposes.
Simple microscope.
A simple microscope uses a lens or set of lenses to enlarge an object through angular magnification alone, giving the viewer an erect enlarged virtual image.
The use of a single convex lens or groups of lenses are found in simple magnification devices such as the magnifying glass, loupes, and eyepieces for telescopes and microscopes.
Compound microscope.
A compound microscope uses a lens close to the object being viewed to collect light (called the objective lens) which focuses a real image of the object inside the microscope (image 1).
That image is then magnified by a second lens or group of lenses (called the eyepiece) that gives the viewer an enlarged inverted virtual image of the object (image 2).
Common compound microscopes often feature exchangeable objective lenses, allowing the user to quickly adjust the magnification.
A compound microscope also enables more advanced illumination setups, such as phase contrast.
Other microscope variants.
There are many variants of the compound optical microscope design for specialized purposes.
A digital microscope is a microscope equipped with a digital camera allowing observation of a sample via a computer.
Microscopes can also be partly or wholly computer-controlled with various levels of automation.
Digital microscopy allows greater analysis of a microscope image, for example, measurements of distances and areas and quantitation of a fluorescent or histological stain.
Low-powered digital microscopes, USB microscopes, are also commercially available.
These are essentially webcams with a high-powered macro lens and generally do not use transillumination.
The camera attached directly to the USB port of a computer so that the images are shown directly on the monitor.
High power illumination is usually provided by an LED source or sources adjacent to the camera lens.
Digital microscopy with very low light levels to avoid damage to vulnerable biological samples is available using sensitive photon-counting digital cameras.
It has been demonstrated that a light source providing pairs of entangled photons may minimize the risk of damage to the most light-sensitive samples.
In this application of ghost imaging to photon-sparse microscopy, the sample is illuminated with infrared photons, each of which is spatially correlated with an entangled partner in the visible band for efficient imaging by a photon-counting camera.
History.
Invention.
The earliest microscopes were single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification which date at least as far back as the widespread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century.
Compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 including one demonstrated by Cornelis Drebbel in London (around 1621) and one exhibited in Rome in 1624.
The actual inventor of the compound microscope is unknown although many claims have been made over the years.
Johannes' testimony, which some claim is dubious, pushes the invention date so far back that Zacharias would have been a child at the time, leading to speculation that, for Johannes' claim to be true, the compound microscope would have to have been invented by Johannes' grandfather, Hans Martens.
Another claim is that Janssen's competitor, Hans Lippershey (who applied for the first telescope patent in 1608) also invented the compound microscope.
Other historians point to the Dutch innovator Cornelis Drebbel with his 1621 compound microscope.
Galileo Galilei is also sometimes cited as a compound microscope inventor.
The only drawback was that his 2 foot long telescope had to be extended out to 6 feet to view objects that close.
After seeing the compound microscope built by Drebbel exhibited in Rome in 1624, Galileo built his own improved version.
In 1625, Giovanni Faber coined the name "microscope" for the compound microscope Galileo submitted to the Accademia dei Lincei in 1624 (Galileo had called it the ""occhiolino" or "little eye"").
Christiaan Huygens, another Dutchman, developed a simple 2-lens ocular system in the late 17th century that was achromatically corrected, and therefore a huge step forward in microscope development.
The Huygens ocular is still being produced to this day, but suffers from a small field size, and other minor disadvantages.
Popularization.
Van Leeuwenhoek's home-made microscopes were simple microscopes, with a single very small, yet strong lens.
They were awkward in use, but enabled van Leeuwenhoek to see detailed images.
It took about 150 years of optical development before the compound microscope was able to provide the same quality image as van Leeuwenhoek's simple microscopes, due to difficulties in configuring multiple lenses.
In the 1850s, John Leonard Riddell, Professor of Chemistry at Tulane University, invented the first practical binocular microscope while carrying out one of the earliest and most extensive American microscopic investigations of cholera.
Lighting techniques.
While basic microscope technology and optics have been available for over 400 years it is much more recently that techniques in sample illumination were developed to generate the high quality images seen today.
This method of sample illumination gives rise to extremely even lighting and overcomes many limitations of older techniques of sample illumination.
The Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Dutch physicist Frits Zernike in 1953 for his development of phase contrast illumination which allows imaging of transparent samples.
By using interference rather than absorption of light, extremely transparent samples, such as live mammalian cells, can be imaged without having to use staining techniques.
Just two years later, in 1955, Georges Nomarski published the theory for differential interference contrast microscopy, another interference-based imaging technique.
Fluorescence microscopy.
Modern biological microscopy depends heavily on the development of fluorescent probes for specific structures within a cell.
In contrast to normal transilluminated light microscopy, in fluorescence microscopy the sample is illuminated through the objective lens with a narrow set of wavelengths of light.
This light interacts with fluorophores in the sample which then emit light of a longer wavelength.
It is this emitted light which makes up the image.
Since the mid-20th century chemical fluorescent stains, such as DAPI which binds to DNA, have been used to label specific structures within the cell.
More recent developments include immunofluorescence, which uses fluorescently labelled antibodies to recognise specific proteins within a sample, and fluorescent proteins like GFP which a live cell can express making it fluorescent.
Components.
All modern optical microscopes designed for viewing samples by transmitted light share the same basic components of the light path.
The eyepiece is inserted into the top end of the body tube.
Eyepieces are interchangeable and many different eyepieces can be inserted with different degrees of magnification.
In some high performance microscopes, the optical configuration of the objective lens and eyepiece are matched to give the best possible optical performance.
This occurs most commonly with apochromatic objectives.
Objective turret (revolver or revolving nose piece).
Objective turret, revolver, or revolving nose piece is the part that holds the set of objective lenses.
It allows the user to switch between objective lenses.
Objective lens.
At the lower end of a typical compound optical microscope, there are one or more objective lenses that collect light from the sample.
The objective is usually in a cylinder housing containing a glass single or multi-element compound lens.
Typically there will be around three objective lenses screwed into a circular nose piece which may be rotated to select the required objective lens.
These arrangements are designed to be parfocal, which means that when one changes from one lens to another on a microscope, the sample stays in focus.
Microscope objectives are characterized by two parameters, namely, magnification and numerical aperture.
Objective lenses with higher magnifications normally have a higher numerical aperture and a shorter depth of field in the resulting image.
Some high performance objective lenses may require matched eyepieces to deliver the best optical performance.
Oil immersion objective.
Some microscopes make use of oil-immersion objectives or water-immersion objectives for greater resolution at high magnification.
These are used with index-matching material such as immersion oil or water and a matched cover slip between the objective lens and the sample.
The refractive index of the index-matching material is higher than air allowing the objective lens to have a larger numerical aperture (greater than 1) so that the light is transmitted from the specimen to the outer face of the objective lens with minimal refraction.
Numerical apertures as high as 1.6 can be achieved.
The larger numerical aperture allows collection of more light making detailed observation of smaller details possible.
Focus knobs.
Adjustment knobs move the stage up and down with separate adjustment for coarse and fine focusing.
The same controls enable the microscope to adjust to specimens of different thickness.
In older designs of microscopes, the focus adjustment wheels move the microscope tube up or down relative to the stand and had a fixed stage.
Frame.
The whole of the optical assembly is traditionally attached to a rigid arm, which in turn is attached to a robust U-shaped foot to provide the necessary rigidity.
The arm angle may be adjustable to allow the viewing angle to be adjusted.
The frame provides a mounting point for various microscope controls.
Normally this will include controls for focusing, typically a large knurled wheel to adjust coarse focus, together with a smaller knurled wheel to control fine focus.
Stage.
The stage is a platform below the objective lens which supports the specimen being viewed.
In the center of the stage is a hole through which light passes to illuminate the specimen.
If a microscope did not originally have a mechanical stage it may be possible to add one.
All stages move up and down for focus.
With a mechanical stage slides move on two horizontal axes for positioning the specimen to examine specimen details.
Focusing starts at lower magnification in order to center the specimen by the user on the stage.
Moving to a higher magnification requires the stage to be moved higher vertically for re-focus at the higher magnification and may also require slight horizontal specimen position adjustment.
Horizontal specimen position adjustments are the reason for having a mechanical stage.
Due to the difficulty in preparing specimens and mounting them on slides, for children it is best to begin with prepared slides that are centered and focus easily regardless of the focus level used.
Light source.
Many sources of light can be used.
At its simplest, daylight is directed via a mirror.
Condenser.
The condenser is a lens designed to focus light from the illumination source onto the sample.
For illumination techniques like dark field, phase contrast and differential interference contrast microscopy additional optical components must be precisely aligned in the light path.
Magnification.
The actual power or magnification of a compound optical microscope is the product of the powers of the eyepiece and the objective lens.
Modified environments such as the use of oil or ultraviolet light can increase the resolution and allow for resolved details at magnifications larger than 1,000x.
Operation.
Illumination techniques.
Many techniques are available which modify the light path to generate an improved contrast image from a sample.
Major techniques for generating increased contrast from the sample include cross-polarized light, dark field, phase contrast and differential interference contrast illumination.
A recent technique (Sarfus) combines cross-polarized light and specific contrast-enhanced slides for the visualization of nanometric samples.
Most of these require additional equipment in addition to a basic compound microscope.
Applications.
Optical microscopy is used extensively in microelectronics, nanophysics, biotechnology, pharmaceutic research, mineralogy and microbiology.
Optical microscopy is used for medical diagnosis, the field being termed histopathology when dealing with tissues, or in smear tests on free cells or tissue fragments.
In industrial use, binocular microscopes are common.
Aside from applications needing true depth perception, the use of dual eyepieces reduces eye strain associated with long workdays at a microscopy station.
In certain applications, long-working-distance or long-focus microscopes are beneficial.
An item may need to be examined behind a window, or industrial subjects may be a hazard to the objective.
Such optics resemble telescopes with close-focus capabilities.
Measuring microscopes are used for precision measurement.
There are two basic types.
One has a reticle graduated to allow measuring distances in the focal plane.
The other (and older) type has simple crosshairs and a micrometer mechanism for moving the subject relative to the microscope.
Very small, portable microscopes have found some usage in places where a laboratory microscope would be a burden.
Limitations.
At very high magnifications with transmitted light, point objects are seen as fuzzy discs surrounded by diffraction rings.
These are called Airy disks.
The "resolving power" of a microscope is taken as the ability to distinguish between two closely spaced Airy disks (or, in other words the ability of the microscope to reveal adjacent structural detail as distinct and separate).
It is these impacts of diffraction that limit the ability to resolve fine details.
There is therefore a finite limit beyond which it is impossible to resolve separate points in the objective field, known as the diffraction limit.
With air as the external medium, the highest practical "NA" is 0.95, and with oil, up to 1.5.
Surpassing the resolution limit.
Multiple techniques are available for reaching resolutions higher than the transmitted light limit described above.
Holographic techniques, as described by Courjon and Bulabois in 1979, are also capable of breaking this resolution limit, although resolution was restricted in their experimental analysis.
Using fluorescent samples more techniques are available.
Examples include Vertico SMI, near field scanning optical microscopy which uses evanescent waves, and stimulated emission depletion.
In 2005, a microscope capable of detecting a single molecule was described as a teaching tool.
Despite significant progress in the last decade, techniques for surpassing the diffraction limit remain limited and specialized.
While most techniques focus on increases in lateral resolution there are also some techniques which aim to allow analysis of extremely thin samples.
For example, sarfus methods place the thin sample on a contrast-enhancing surface and thereby allows to directly visualize films as thin as 0.3 nanometers.
On 8 October 2014, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, William Moerner and Stefan Hell for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.
Structured illumination SMI.
SMI (spatially modulated illumination microscopy) is a light optical process of the so-called point spread function (PSF) engineering.
These are processes which modify the PSF of a microscope in a suitable manner to either increase the optical resolution, to maximize the precision of distance measurements of fluorescent objects that are small relative to the wavelength of the illuminating light, or to extract other structural parameters in the nanometer range.
Localization microscopy SPDMphymod.
SPDM (spectral precision distance microscopy), the basic localization microscopy technology is a light optical process of fluorescence microscopy which allows position, distance and angle measurements on "optically isolated" particles (e.g. molecules) well below the theoretical limit of resolution for light microscopy.
This is possible when molecules within such a region all carry different spectral markers (e.g. different colors or other usable differences in the light emission of different particles).
Using this so-called SPDMphymod (physically modifiable fluorophores) technology a single laser wavelength of suitable intensity is sufficient for nanoimaging.
3D super resolution microscopy.
3D super resolution microscopy with standard fluorescent dyes can be achieved by combination of localization microscopy for standard fluorescent dyes SPDMphymod and structured illumination SMI.
STED.
Stimulated emission depletion is a simple example of how higher resolution surpassing the diffraction limit is possible, but it has major limitations.
STED is a fluorescence microscopy technique which uses a combination of light pulses to induce fluorescence in a small sub-population of fluorescent molecules in a sample.
Each molecule produces a diffraction-limited spot of light in the image, and the centre of each of these spots corresponds to the location of the molecule.
As the number of fluorescing molecules is low the spots of light are unlikely to overlap and therefore can be placed accurately.
This process is then repeated many times to generate the image.
Stefan Hell of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry was awarded the 10th German Future Prize in 2006 and Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2014 for his development of the STED microscope and associated methodologies.
Alternatives.
In order to overcome the limitations set by the diffraction limit of visible light other microscopes have been designed which use other waves.
It is important to note that higher frequency waves have limited interaction with matter, for example soft tissues are relatively transparent to X-rays resulting in distinct sources of contrast and different target applications.
STM and AFM are scanning probe techniques using a small probe which is scanned over the sample surface.
Additionally, methods such as electron or X-ray microscopy use a vacuum or partial vacuum, which limits their use for live and biological samples (with the exception of an environmental scanning electron microscope).
The specimen chambers needed for all such instruments also limits sample size, and sample manipulation is more difficult.
Color cannot be seen in images made by these methods, so some information is lost.
The fifth Republic of South Korea was the government of South Korea from March 1981 to December 1987.
The fifth republic was established in March 1981 by Chun Doo-hwan, a military colleague of long-time president and dictator Park Chung-hee, after the political instability and military rule in the fourth republic since the assassination of Park in October 1979.
The fifth republic was ruled by Chun and the Democratic Justice Party as a "de facto" dictatorship and one-party state to extensively reform South Korea for democratization and dismantle the autocratic system of Park.
The fifth republic faced growing opposition from the democratization movement of the Gwangju Uprising, and the June Democracy Movement of 1987 resulted in the election of Roh Tae-woo in the December 1987 presidential election.
The fifth republic was dissolved three days after the election upon the adoption of a new constitution that laid the foundations for the relatively stable democratic system of the current sixth Republic of Korea.
History.
Background.
Park Chung-hee had served as the leader of South Korea since July 1961, during which he was a "de facto" military dictator and maintained his near-absolute power through legal and illegal channels.
Park originally came to power as Chairman of the Supreme Council of National Reconstruction two months after the May 16 coup (which he had led) overthrew the Second Republic of Korea.
The Supreme Council established a provisional military junta government that prioritized the economic development of South Korea, but faced strong pressure from the United States to restore civilian rule.
In 1963, Park abdicated from his military position to run as a civilian in the October 1963 presidential election, defeating the incumbent President Yun Posun and inaugurating the Third Republic of Korea two months later in December.
The Third Republic was presented as a return to civilian government under the National Assembly, but in reality was a continuation of Park's military dictatorship and the government was predominantly members of the Supreme Council.
Park won re-election in the 1967 presidential election, and the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment that allowed him to serve a third term, which he won in the 1971 presidential election against Kim Dae-jung.
In December 1971, Park declared a state of emergency.
On 10 October 1972, Park launched a self-coup known as the October Restoration, dissolving the National Assembly, suspending the constitution, and declaring martial law across the country.
Park commissioned work on a brand new constitution, known as the Yushin Constitution, which essentially formalized his long-held dictatorial powers and guaranteed him as president for life.
Establishment.
Park's popularity in South Korea declined during the 1970s, as the economic growth of the 1960s began to slow and the public became more critical of his authoritarianism.
On 26 October 1979, Park was assassinated at a safehouse by Kim Jae-gyu, the director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA), causing political turmoil in South Korea.
Park's successor, Choi Kyu-hah, was an ineffective president whose authority was largely ignored by the political elite.
Chun violently suppressed the subsequent Gwangju Uprising democracy movement against his rule in Gwangju, during which 200-600 people may have died.
In October, Chun abolished all political parties and established his own, the Democratic Justice Party, which was effectively a re-branding of Park's Democratic Republican Party that ruled South Korea since 1963.
Soon afterwards, a new constitution was enacted that, while far less authoritarian than Park's Yusin Constitution, still gave fairly broad powers to the president.
The Fifth Republic of Korea was formally inaugurated on 3 March 1981, when Chun was inaugurated as President after being re-elected in the February 1981 presidential election.
Democratization.
Although Chun gradually dismantled the highly centralized government structures set up by Park, his presidency was plagued by public outrage over his reaction to the Gwangju Uprising in 1980.
The killings had consolidated momentum of nationwide support for democracy, and many people protested for faster democratization.
Chun reorganized the government system and created numerous new ministries, but South Korea remained a "de facto" one-party state under the Democratic Justice Party, and most elections during this era were not considered legitimate.
Nevertheless, Chun had far less power than Park, and with few exceptions his rule was somewhat milder.
In the mid-1980s, Chun began to release political prisoners arrested during his rise to power.
In 1985, the New Korea and Democratic Party (NKDP) was founded as the successor of the New Democratic Party, including notable opposition leaders Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam, and campaigned on a focus on greater democratic rights.
Reportedly, the NKDP's electoral success shocked and infuriated Chun.
However, in 1986 the NKDP experienced internal ideological conflicts over the severity of opposition to Chun, and in 1987 Kim Young-sam's faction split to form the Reunification Democratic Party.
Dissolution.
In January 1987, the death of Bak Jongcheol caused a flare in the democratization movement and sparked widespread protests.
Bak, a student at Seoul National University and democracy movement activist, died from causes related to police torture after being arrested at a protest.
In June 1987, the death of Lee Han-yeol, a protester killed by a police tear gas grenade at one of the demonstrations following Bak's death, caused the democracy movement put unrelenting pressure on Chun.
The protesters demanded elections to be held, as well as instituting other democratic reforms, including direct presidential elections.
On June 10, Chun announced his choice of Roh Tae-woo as the next president, which was opposed by the protesters.
However, unwilling to resort to violence before the 1988 Olympic Games and believing Roh could win legitimate elections due to divisions within the opposition, Chun and Roh acceded to the key demands of direct presidential elections and restoration of civil liberties.
Three days later on 19 December, a new highly-democratic and liberal constitution came into effect, dissolving the Fifth Republic and establishing the current Sixth Republic of Korea.
Chun finished out his term and handed the presidency to Roh on 25 February 1988.
Economy.
The Fifth Republic experienced economic difficulties during the first half of the 1980s, where foreign debts became a major issue in the aftermath of rapid economic development in the 1960s and 1970s.
Falling oil prices, falling US dollar value, and falling interest rates also affected the country's economy.
By the mid-1980s, the South Korean economy improved, with high-tech industries such as the manufacture of electronics and semiconductors becoming prosperous.
In 1986, Hyundai Motors began exporting the Pony and Excel models to the United States, the first signal that South Korea was competing with developed countries in the automobile industry.
The start of color television broadcasting in 1980 was also a sign of economic growth.
The South Korean economy continued to be dominated by family-owned conglomerates known as "chaebols" and their influence grew during the Fifth Republic.
The liberalization of imports saw the influx of agricultural and livestock products expanded.
However, the government's policies provided a favorable environment for large companies, while the rural economy was seriously damaged by the importation of cheap foreign agricultural products.
Therefore, foreign agricultural and livestock products occupied a large portion of food consumed by South Korean people.
While urban areas grew in wealth and size, in contrast the rural population rapidly declined, and many peasants from the countryside migrated to the cities.
Rural migrants often lived in poverty at the very bottom of urban society, engaging in industrial or services work, and sometimes illegal activity.
International relations.
The Fifth Republic openly maintained close relations with the United States and Japan under the banner of anti-communism, promoting a Korea-US-Japan Triangular Alliance.
The Chun government's strong pro-American stance caused a reaction of Anti-Americanism in the democratization movement, which had been treated with suspicion by the United States along with other student movements.
While military relations with Japan were strong, the Fifth Republic witnessed a rise in Anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea due to various cultural and political disputes, mostly related to the history of Japanese rule in Korea.
Examples include the Japanese history textbook controversies and problems with the Japanese immigration system for Zainichi Koreans.
South Korea's relations with North Korea thawed during the beginning of the Fifth Republic, and proposed unification plans were announced, but only held favorable conditions for their respective countries and was mostly used for propaganda.
North Korean relations soured in 1983 after the Rangoon bombing, an attempted assassination of President Chun during a state visit in Rangoon, Burma.
Three North Korean agents detonated a bomb at the Martyrs' Mausoleum intending to kill Chun during a wreath laying ceremony to commemorate Aung San.
In September 1984, relations improved when North Korea sent large quantities of aid to South Korea during major flooding.
The aid was accepted by Chun despite the North Korean attempt on his life less than a year earlier.
In 1985, Chun proposed an inter-Korean summit that was eventually held in September in Seoul.
The summit was considered a success in inter-Korean relations, but the bombing of Korean Air Flight 858 on 29 November 1987 by North Korean agents damaged relations again.
The Fifth Republic continued South Korea's openly pro-Western stance and promoted stronger diplomatic ties with NATO countries in Europe, hoping to form greater economic ties to the European Community.
Professor Deborah Jane "Debbie" Terry is an Australian university executive, and psychology scholar.
She is currently the Vice-Chancellor and President of The University of Queensland.
Professor Terry is also currently the Chair of Universities Australia, the peak body representing Australia's higher education sector.
Early life and education.
Terry was born in Western Australia but completed her secondary education at Canberra Girls Grammar School.
She then studied at the Australian National University, graduating with a BA and then a PhD in 1989.
Career.
Terry moved to Brisbane where she was employed in the School of Psychology at The University of Queensland in 1990.
In 2000 she was promoted to head of school and 2008 saw her become deputy vice-chancellor of the university.
In February 2014, Terry was appointed Vice-Chancellor and President of Curtin University.
In August 2020, she returned to The University of Queensland and became the Vice-Chancellor and President.
In addition to her university role, Terry is a past president of the Society for Australasian Social Psychology.
She has also been on the editorial board of the "British Journal of Psychology" and the "European Journal of Social Psychology".
In May 2019 Terry began a two-year term as Chair of Universities Australia, having been a member of its board since 2015.
In March 2021 she addressed the National Press Club.
Awards and recognition.
Terry was appointed Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 2003.
She was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours for " distinguished service to education in the tertiary sector through senior administrative roles, as an academic and researcher in the field of psychology, and as a mentor".
George Bond (fl.
He was known for acting in league with the pirate-friendly Governor of St. Thomas, Adolph Esmit.
History.
Bond had been master of the ship "Summer Island" out of London.
After Bond brought him a Dutch prize in December, Esmit maintained it had been salvaged as a shipwreck in order to deter an English party from reclaiming it.
The Dutch vessel was later recovered but had been emptied of its cargo by Esmit.
Around June 1684 Bond captured the formerly French sloop "Fox" and again brought it to Esmit, who refused the pleas from a Jamaican representative to return it.
Numerov is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side, deep in the southern hemisphere.
It is attached to the larger and younger crater Antoniadi to the west, and the outer rampart of Antoniadi overlies the inner wall and part of the western interior floor of Numerov.
To the east-southeast is the larger walled plain Zeeman, and to the east-northeast is the old crater Crommelin.
The rim and inner wall of Numerov has undergone considerable erosion, and much of the eastern side is pock-marked by small craterlets.
There is a small, very eroded crater attached to the exterior to the southeast, and Numerov Z is nearly connected to the northern rim.
The interior floor of Numerov is relatively level, but with a central peak formation at the midpoint and some low ridges just to the south.
There are a few gouge-like grooves in the surface in the northeastern floor.
The western half of the floor and inner walls have been partly overlain by ejecta from Antoniadi.
Satellite craters.
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "ABCG8" gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.
ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes.
This protein is a member of the White subfamily.
The protein encoded by this gene functions as a half-transporter to limit intestinal absorption and promote biliary excretion of sterols.
It is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver, colon, and intestine.
This gene is tandemly arrayed on chromosome 2, in a head-to-head orientation with family member ABCG5.
China's five officially sanctioned religious organizations are the Buddhist Association of China, Chinese Taoist Association, Islamic Association of China, Three-Self Patriotic Movement and Catholic Patriotic Association.
These groups have been overseen and controlled by the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party since the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the United Front Work Department in 2018.
This is also compared to the ROC with PRC's strong neglect of human rights protections, state-sanctioned discrimination, and generally low regard for freedom of religion or belief.
As for the Taiwan, Freedom House gave it the top score for religious freedoms in 2018.
Possibly the only coercion to practice a certain faith in Taiwan comes from within the family, where the choice to adopt a non-traditional faith can sometimes lead to ostracism "because they stop performing ancestor worship rites and rituals."
Legal framework.
Republic of China.
The Constitution of the Republic of China provides for freedom of religion, and the authorities generally respect this right in practice.
Authorities at all levels protect this right in full, and do not tolerate its abuse, either by official or private actors.
There is no state religion.
Religious organizations may register with the central authorities through their island-wide associations under the Temple Management Law, the Civic Organizations Law, or the chapter of the Civil Code that governs foundations and associations.
While individual places of worship may register with local authorities, many choose not to do so and operate as the personal property of their leaders.
Registered religious organizations operate on a tax-free basis and are required to submit annual reports of their financial operations.
The only ramification for nonregistration is the forfeiture of the tax advantages that are available for registered religious organizations.
There were no reports that the authorities have sought to deny registration to new religions.
Religious organizations are permitted to operate schools, but compulsory religious instruction is not permitted in any public or private elementary, middle, or high school accredited by the Ministry of Education (MOE).
High schools accredited by the MOE, while not allowed to require religious instruction, may provide elective courses in religious studies, provided such courses do not promote certain religious beliefs over others.
Universities and research institutions may have religious studies departments.
Before 2004, legislation barred religious schools and theological institutes from applying for MOE accreditation, and the MOE did not recognize university-level degrees granted by these types of schools.
In March 2004, the Legislative Yuan revised the Private Schools Act authorized the MOE to establish an accreditation process for university-level religious education institutions supported by religious organizations or private funds.
In April 2006, the MOE promulgated regulations governing the accreditation process.
In August 2006, the MOE accredited its first seminary, the Dharma Drum Buddhist College.
People's Republic of China.
The Constitution further forbids the use of religion to "engage in activities that disrupt social order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state."
Religious groups are required to register with the State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA, formerly known as the central Religious Affairs Bureau) or its provincial and local offices (still known as Religious Affairs Bureaus (RABs)).
SARA and the RABs are responsible for monitoring and judging the legitimacy of religious activity.
Proselytizing is only permitted in private settings or within registered houses of worship.
Proselytization in public, in unregistered churches or temples, or by foreigners is prohibited.
Members of the officially atheist Communist Party are strongly discouraged from holding religious faith.
A significant number of non-sanctioned churches and temples exist, attended by locals and foreigners alike.
Unregistered or underground churches are not officially banned, but are not permitted to conduct religious activities.
These bodies may face varying degrees of interference, harassment, and persecution by state and party organs.
In some instances, unregistered religious believers and leaders have been charged with "illegal religious activities" or "disrupting social stability".
Religious believers have also been charged under article 300 of the criminal code, which forbids using heretical organizations to "undermine the implementation of the law".
An extrajudicial, Communist Party-led security organ called the 6-10 Office oversees the suppression of Falun Gong and, increasingly, other unregistered religious organizations.
Folk religions, though not officially protected, are sometimes tolerated by authorities.
The State Administration for Religious Affairs has created a department to oversee the management of folk religion.
In 2019, religious freedom conditions in China continued to deteriorate.
The Chinese government has created a high-tech surveillance state, utilizing facial recognition and artificial intelligence to monitor religious minorities.
On 1 April 2019, a new regulation requiring religious venues to have legal representatives and professional accountants went into effect.
Some smaller religious venues, especially in rural areas, found these requirements impossible to fulfill.
Christianity.
Christianity has had a presence in China dating as far back as the Tang dynasty, and accumulated a following in China with the arrival of large numbers of missionaries during the Qing dynasty.
Missionaries were expelled from China in 1949 when the Communist Party came to power, and the religion was associated with Western imperialism.
However, Christianity experienced a resurgence of popularity since the reforms under Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s and 1980s.
By 2011, approximately 60 million Chinese citizens were estimated to be practicing Protestantism or Catholicism.
The majority of these do not belong to the state-sanctioned churches.
The government declared in 2018 that there are over 44 million Christians in China.
In reports of countries with the strongest anti-Christian persecution, China was ranked by the Open Doors organisation in 2019 as the 27th most severe country and in 2020 as 23rd most severe.
Religious practices are still often tightly controlled by government authorities.
Chinese children in Mainland China are permitted to be involved with officially sanctioned Christian meetings through the Three-Self Patriotic Movement or the Catholic Patriotic Association.
In early January 2018, Chinese authorities in Shanxi province demolished a church, which created a wave of fear among the Christians.
Roman Catholicism.
China is home to an estimated 12 million Catholics, the majority of whom worship outside the official Catholic Patriotic Association (CPA).
The State Administration for Religious Affairs states that there are 5.3 million Catholics belonging to the state-sanctioned Catholic Patriotic Association, which oversees 70 bishops, and approximately 6,000 churches nationwide.
In addition, there are roughly 40 bishops unordained by the CPA who operate unofficially, and recognize the authority of the Vatican.
The state-sanctioned church appoints its own bishops, and as with all official religious, exercises control over the doctrine and leadership of the religion.
As a matter of maintaining autonomy and rejecting foreign intervention, the official church has no official contact with the Vatican, and does not recognize its authority.
However, the CPA has allowed for unofficial Vatican approval of ordinations.
Although the CPA continues to carry out ordinations opposed by the Holy See, the majority of CPA bishops are now recognized by both authorities.
In addition to overseeing the practice of the Catholic faith, the CPA espouses politically oriented objectives as well.
Some Catholics who recognize the authority of the Holy See choose to worship clandestinely due to the risk of harassment from authorities.
Several underground Catholic bishops have been reported disappeared or imprisoned, and harassment of unregistered bishops and priests is common.
There are reports of Catholic bishops and priests being forced by authorities to attend the ordination ceremonies for bishops who had not gained Vatican approval.
Chinese authorities also have reportedly pressured Catholics to break communion with the Vatican by requiring them to renounce an essential belief in Roman Catholicism, the primacy of the Roman Pontiff.
In other instances, however, authorities have permitted Vatican-loyal churches to carry out operations.
Protestantism.
Known in combination with the China Christian Council as the lianghui, they form the only state-sanctioned ("registered") Protestant church in mainland China.
All other Protestant denominations are illegal.
Chinese house churches are a religious movement of unregistered assemblies of Christians in China, which operate independently of the government-run Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) and China Christian Council (CCC) for Protestant groups and the Catholic Patriotic Association (CPA) and the Chinese Catholic Bishops Council (CCBC) for Catholics.
They are also known as the "Underground" Church or the "Unofficial" Church, although this is somewhat of a misnomer as they are collections of unrelated individual churches rather than a single unified church.
They are called "house churches" because as they are not officially registered organizations, they cannot independently own property and hence they meet in private houses, often in secret for fear of arrest or imprisonment.
Others outside the mainland.
Several foreign missionary religious groups are also present outside mainland China.
The Church of Scientology, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and the Unification Church are registered.
Other Christian denominations present include Presbyterians, the True Jesus Church, Baptists, Lutherans, Seventh-day Adventists, and Episcopalians.
Approximately 70 percent of the 475,000 Aborigines of Taiwan are Christian.
Jehovah's Witnesses are outlawed in Mainland China (except in the territories of Hong Kong and Macau with up to 5,975 members in the two territories and 11,284 members in the Taiwan Area.)
Buddhism.
Tibetan Buddhism.
China took full control of Tibet in 1959.
In the wake of the takeover and especially during the cultural revolution many monasteries were destroyed and many monks and laypeople killed.
The 14th Dalai Lama fled to India and has since ceded temporal power to an elected government-in-exile.
The current Dalai Lama has attempted to negotiate with the Chinese authorities for greater autonomy and religious freedom for Tibet.
As various high-ranking Lamas in the country have died, the authorities have proposed their own candidates on the religious authorities, which has led at times to rival claimants to the same position.
In an effort to control this, the Chinese government passed a law in 2007 requiring a Reincarnation Application be completed and approved for all lamas wishing to reincarnate.
The present incarnation of the Panchen Lama is disputed.
Exile Tibetan sources allege that Gedhun Choekyi Nyima was kidnapped by the Chinese government.
The identity of the Panchen Lama is of critical importance to Tibetan Buddhism because he is one of the authorities that must approve the next Dalai Lama.
Judaism.
There are also a small number of adherents of Judaism in Taiwan, mainly expatriates.
In mainland China, there are 2,800 Kaifeng Jews.
Taoism.
Taoist practitioners are required to register with the PRC-controlled Chinese Taoist Association (CTA), which exercises control over religious doctrine and personnel.
Local governments restrict the construction of Taoist temples and statues, and call for abandonment of practices they deem to be "superstitious" or "feudal".
The CTA dictates the proper interpretation of Taoist doctrine, and exhorts Taoist practitioners to support the Communist Party and the state.
In contrast with the PRC, the ROC's Taoist faith also followed a collection of beliefs deeply ingrained in Chinese culture that can be termed "traditional Chinese folk religion".
These beliefs may include some aspects of shamanism, ancestor worship, belief in ghosts and other spirits, and animism.
Researchers and academics estimate that as much as 80 percent of the population believes in some form of traditional folk religion.
Such folk religions may overlap with an individual's belief in Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, or other traditional Chinese religions.
Islam.
The State Administration for Religious Affairs places the number of Muslims in China at approximately 21 million, while independent estimates suggest that the number could be upwards of 50 million or more.
Most Hui Muslims live in Ningxia, Qinghai, and Gansu provinces, while Uyghur Muslims are predominantly found in Xinjiang.
The state-run Islamic Association of China (IAC) oversees the practice of Islam, though many Muslims worship outside the state system.
The IAC regulates the content of sermons and the interpretation of religious scripture, exercises control over the confirmation of religious leaders, and monitors overseas pilgrimages.
In 2001, the IAC established a committee to ensure that scriptures were interpreted in a manner that would serve the interests of the Chinese government and the Communist Party.
Authorities in Xinjiang impose rigid controls over religious expression, particularly over Uyghurs.
Human rights reports indicate that crackdowns on religion are frequently integrated into security campaigns.
Authorities monitor mosques, restrict the observation of Ramadan by government officials and students, and enact campaigns to prevent Uyghur men from wearing beards.
Uyghur Muslims who worship independently have been detained and charged with conducting "illegal religious activities".
However, the suppression of the Uyghurs has more to do with the fact that they are separatists, rather than Muslims.
China banned a book titled "Xing Fengsu" ("Sexual Customs") which insulted Islam and placed its authors under arrest in 1989 after protests in Lanzhou and Beijing by Chinese Hui Muslims, during which the Chinese police provided protection to the Hui Muslim protesters, and the Chinese government organized public burnings of the book.
The Chinese government assisted them and gave into their demands because the Hui do not have a separatist movement, unlike the Uyghurs.
Hui Muslim protesters who violently rioted by vandalizing property during the protests against the book were let off by the Chinese government and went unpunished while Uyghur protesters were imprisoned.
In 2007, anticipating the coming "Year of the Pig" in the Chinese calendar, depictions of pigs were banned from CCTV "to avoid conflicts with ethnic minorities".
This is believed to refer to China's population of 20 million Muslims (to whom pigs are considered "unclean").
In response to the 2015 "Charlie Hebdo" shooting, Chinese state-run media attacked "Charlie Hebdo" for publishing the cartoons which insulted Muhammad, with the state-run "Xinhua" advocating limits on freedom of speech, while another state-run newspaper "Global Times" said the attack was "payback" for what it characterized as Western colonialism, and it also accused "Charlie Hebdo" of trying to incite a clash of civilizations.
Different Muslim ethnic groups in different regions of China are treated differently by the Chinese government with regards to religious freedom.
Religious freedom is present for Hui Muslims, who can practice their religion, build Mosques, and have their children attend Mosques, while more controls are placed on Uyghurs in Xinjiang.
Since the 1980s, Islamic private schools have been supported and permitted by the Chinese government in Muslim areas, while only Xinjiang is specifically prevented from allowing these schools because of the separatist sentiment which exists there.
"The Diplomat" reported that Chinese government policy towards Uyghurs in Xinjiang is not directed towards Islam in general, but rather towards aggressively stamping out the Uyghur separatist threat.
Although religious education for children is officially forbidden by law in China, the Communist party allows Hui Muslims to violate this law and have their children educated in religion and attend mosques while the law is enforced on Uyghurs.
After secondary education is completed, China then allows Hui students to embark on religious studies under the direction of an Imam.
China does not enforce a law against children attending mosques on non-Uyghurs in areas outside Xinjiang.
Hui Muslims who are employed by the state are allowed to fast during Ramadan unlike Uyghurs who hold the same job positions, the amount of Hui who are going on Hajj is expanding, and Hui women are allowed to wear veils, while Uyghur women are discouraged from wearing them.
The Xinjiang Muslim Association in China and the Chinese embassy in Malaysia have denied that Uyghurs are banned from fasting, inviting foreigners to come see it for themselves.
"The Star" also reported in 2021 that Uyghurs in Xinjiang made prayers for Aidilfitri.
Hui religious schools are allowed to operate a massive autonomous network of mosques and schools that are run by a Hui Sufi leader, which was formed with the approval of the Chinese government even as he admitted to attending an event where Bin Laden spoke.
Uyghur views vary by the oasis where they live.
China has historically favored Turpan and Hami.
Uyghurs in Turfan and Hami and their leaders like Emin Khoja allied with the Qing against Uyghurs in Altishahr.
During the Qing dynasty, China enfeoffed the rulers of Turpan and Hami (Kumul) as autonomous princes, while the rest of the Uyghurs in Altishahr (the Tarim Basin) were ruled by Begs.
Uyghurs from Turpan and Hami were appointed by China as officials to rule over Uyghurs in the Tarim Basin.
Turpan is more economically prosperous and it views China more positively than does the rebellious Kashgar, which is the most anti-Chinese oasis.
Uyghurs in Turpan are treated leniently and favorably by China with regards to religious policies, while Kashgar is subjected to controls by the government.
In Turpan and Hami, religion is viewed more positively by China than religion in Kashgar and Khotan in southern Xinjiang.
Both Uyghur and Han Communist officials in Turpan turn a blind eye to the law and allow religious Islamic education for Uyghur children.
Celebrating at religious functions and going on Hajj to Mecca is encouraged by the Chinese government, for Uyghur members of the Communist party.
Han, Hui, and the Chinese government is viewed more positively by Uyghurs in Turpan, where the government has given them better economic, religious, and political treatment.
The Uyghur terrorist organization East Turkestan Islamic Movement's magazine "Islamic Turkistan" has accused the Chinese "Muslim Brotherhood" (the Yihewani) of being responsible for the moderation of Hui Muslims and the lack of Hui joining terrorist jihadist groups in addition to blaming other things for the lack of Hui jihadists, such as the fact that for more than 300 years Hui and Uyghurs have been enemies of each other, with no separatist Islamist organizations operating among the Hui, the fact that the Hui view China as their home, and the fact that the "infidel Chinese" language is the language of the Hui.
After the communist takeover of the mainland in 1949, more than 20,000 Muslims fled to the island of Taiwan.
On 23 January 2007, ROC President Chen Shui-ban personally congratulated local Muslims who had completed a pilgrimage to Mecca, and praised Taiwan's Muslim Association (Chinese Muslim Association, an organization that is fully independent from the government) for promoting frequent exchanges between Taiwan and the Islamic world.
President Chen also credited practicing Muslims on Taiwan for helping to create a richer, more diverse culture on the island.
Tibetan-Muslim sectarian violence.
In Tibet, the majority of Muslims are Hui people.
Riots broke out between Muslims and Tibetans over incidents such as bones in soups and prices of balloons, and Tibetans accused Muslims of being cannibals who cooked humans in their soup and of contaminating food with urine.
Tibetans attacked Muslim restaurants.
Fires set by Tibetans which burned the apartments and shops of Muslims resulted in Muslim families being killed and wounded in the 2008 mid-March riots.
Due to Tibetan violence against Muslims, the traditional Islamic white caps have not been worn by many Muslims.
Scarfs were removed and replaced with hairnets by Muslim women in order to hide.
Muslims prayed in secret at home when in August 2008 the Tibetans burned the Mosque.
Incidents such as these which make Tibetans look bad on the international stage are covered up by the Tibetan exile community.
The repression of Tibetan separatism by the Chinese government is supported by Hui Muslims.
In addition, Chinese-speaking Hui have problems with Tibetan Hui (the Tibetan speaking Kache minority of Muslims).
The main Mosque in Lhasa was burned down by Tibetans and Chinese Hui Muslims were violently assaulted by Tibetan rioters in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
Tibetan exiles and foreign scholars alike ignore and do not talk about sectarian violence between Tibetan Buddhists and Muslims.
Tibetan Buddhists propagate a false libel that Muslims cremate their Imams and use the ashes to convert Tibetans to Islam by making Tibetans inhale the ashes, even though the Tibetans seem to be aware that Muslims practice burial and not cremation since they frequently clash against proposed Muslim cemeteries in their area.
Since the Chinese government supports and backs up the Hui Muslims, the Tibetans deliberately attack the Hui Muslims as a way to demonstrate anti-government sentiment and because they have a background of sectarian violence against each other since Ma Bufang's rule due to their separate religions and ethnicity and Tibetans resent Hui economic domination.
In 1936, after Sheng Shicai expelled 30,000 Kazakhs from Xinjiang to Qinghai, Hui led by General Ma Bufang massacred their fellow Muslim Kazakhs, until there were 135 of them left.
From Northern Xinjiang over 7,000 Kazakhs fled to the Tibetan-Qinghai plateau region via Gansu and were wreaking massive havoc so Ma Bufang solved the problem by relegating the Kazakhs into designated pastureland in Qinghai, but Hui, Tibetans, and Kazakhs in the region continued to clash against each other.
Tibetans attacked and fought against the Kazakhs as they entered Tibet via Gansu and Qinghai.
In northern Tibet Kazakhs clashed with Tibetan soldiers and then the Kazakhs were sent to Ladakh.
Tibetan troops robbed and killed Kazakhs 400 miles east of Lhasa at Chamdo when the Kazakhs were entering Tibet.
Tibetan troops serving under the Dalai Lama murdered the American CIA agent Douglas Mackiernan and his two White Russian helpers because he was dressed as a Kazakh, their enemy.
Falun Gong.
Following a period of meteoric growth of Falun Gong in the 1990s, the Communist Party launched a campaign to "eradicate" Falun Gong on 20 July 1999.
The suppression is characterised by a multifaceted propaganda campaign, a program of enforced ideological conversion and re-education, and a variety of extralegal coercive measures such as arbitrary arrests, forced labor, and physical torture, sometimes resulting in death.
An extra-constitutional body called the 6-10 Office was created to lead the suppression of Falun Gong.
The authorities mobilized the state media apparatus, judiciary, police, army, the education system, families and workplaces against the group.
The campaign is driven by large-scale propaganda through television, newspaper, radio and internet.
There are reports of systematic torture, illegal imprisonment, forced labor, organ harvesting and abusive psychiatric measures, with the apparent aim of forcing practitioners to recant their belief in Falun Gong.
Foreign observers estimate that hundreds of thousands and perhaps millions of Falun Gong practitioners have been detained in "re-education through labor" camps, prisons and other detention facilities for refusing to renounce the spiritual practice.
Former prisoners have reported that Falun Gong practitioners consistently received "the longest sentences and worst treatment" in labor camps, and in some facilities Falun Gong practitioners formed the substantial majority of detainees.
As of 2009 at least 2,000 Falun Gong adherents had been tortured to death in the persecution campaign, with some observers putting the number much higher.
Some international observers and judicial authorities have described the campaign against Falun Gong as a genocide.
In 2009, courts in Spain and Argentina indicted senior Chinese officials for genocide and crimes against humanity for their role in orchestrating the suppression of Falun Gong.
However, the Falun Gong is generally considered a spiritual movement and not a religion by the ROC government.
The leading proponent of Falun Gong in Taiwan reports that membership exceeds 500,000 and continues to grow rapidly.
Organ harvesting allegation.
In 2006, allegations emerged that the vital organs of non-consenting Falun Gong practitioners had been used to supply China's organ tourism industry.
The Kilgour-Matas report stated in 2006, "We believe that there has been and continues today to be large scale organ seizures from unwilling Falun Gong practitioners".
Ethan Gutmann interviewed over 100 witnesses and alleged that about 65,000 Falun Gong prisoners were killed for their organs from 2000 to 2008.
In 2008, two United Nations Special Rapporteurs reiterated their requests for "the Chinese government to fully explain the allegation of taking vital organs from Falun Gong practitioners".
The Chinese government has denied the allegation.
Religious freedom in the Republic of China.
The policies and practices of the Republic of China contribute to the generally free practice of religion in contrast to the PRC.
During the martial law period, religious persecution became less common by the authoritarian Nationalist government even though restrictions on freedom were relaxed by the time martial law was lifted in 1987 with the start of democratization.
A significant percentage of the population of the ROC is nonreligious.
Freedom of religion in Taiwan is strong.
Religious demography.
The Republic of China has an area of and a population of 23 million making up the Free area of the Republic of China since the loss of the mainland in 1949.
The 2006 Government Information Office Yearbook, the Religious Affairs Section of the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) states that 35 percent of the population consider themselves Buddhist and 33 percent Taoist.
While the overwhelming majority of religious adherents are either Buddhist or Taoist, many people also consider themselves both Buddhist and Taoist .
While the ROC authorities do not collect or independently verify statistics on religious affiliation, they maintain registration statistics voluntarily reported by religious organizations.
Officials from the MOI Religious Affairs Section believe these voluntarily reported statistics significantly understate the number of people in Taiwan who adhere to religious beliefs and participate in some form of religious activities.
The MOI Religious Affairs Section estimates that approximately 50 percent of the population regularly participates in some form of organized religious practice, as distinguished from "traditional Chinese folk religions", and an estimated 14 percent of the population is atheist.
Religious beliefs cross political and geographical lines.
Members of the political leadership practice various faiths.
Religious conversion.
There are no reports of forced religious conversion in the ROC territories.
Improvements and Positive Developments in Respect for Religious Freedom.
The MOI promotes interfaith understanding among religious groups by sponsoring symposiums or helping to defray the expenses of privately sponsored symposiums on religious issues.
The MOI also publishes and updates an introduction to major religious beliefs and groups based on material provided by the groups.
This introduction is also available on the internet.
In May 2006, the MOI invited some 100 leaders from religious organizations to participate in a two-day tour of outstanding social services organizations operated by religious charities, to foster cooperation among organizations with similar social welfare goals.
The MOI holds an annual ceremony to honor religious groups for their contributions to public service, social welfare, and social harmony.
Some 170 different organizations and individuals are recognized.
Societal abuses and discrimination.
There have been no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or practice in the ROC-controlled Taiwan.
Prominent societal leaders have taken positive steps to promote religious tolerance.
For instance, the Taiwan Council for Religion and Peace, the China Religious Believers Association, and the Taiwan Religious Association are private organizations that promote greater understanding and tolerance among adherents of different religions.
These associations and various religious groups occasionally sponsor symposiums to promote mutual understanding.
His works often deal with melancholy and lovelorn characters, and offer a rich portrayal of contemporary Stockholm through the eyes of the flaneur.
His works are translated to more than twenty languages.
Biography.
His later books also included a collection of poems ("Vers och varia", 1921) and a collection of various prose ("Resan till Rom", 1929).
Themes.
Feelings of melancholy and nostalgia are prominent.
It is a prominent theme in all of his novels, particularly in "Doktor Glas" and "The Serious Game".
Legacy.
His works are still widely read and are frequently published in new editions.
His works are translated to more than twenty languages.
Early life and education.
Chinwoke Mbadinuju was born on 14 June 1945.
He obtained a BA in political science, and a doctorate in government.
He gained a law degree from one of the best English universities.
He was an editor of "Times International".
Before entering politics he was an associate professor of politics and African studies at the State University of New York.
He was personal assistant to governor of the old Enugu State, Dr. Jim Chris Nwobodo, between 1979 and 1980.
He served as the personal assistant to President Shehu Shagari between 1980 and 1983.
Governor of Anambra State.
After the return to democracy in 1998, Chinwoke Mbadinuju became the People's Democratic Party (PDP) candidate for Anambra State governorship in competition with professor A.B.C Nwosu, who had served four military governors as commissioner for health, after a dispute that had to be resolved by the PDP Electoral Appeal Panel.
Mbadinuju had been sponsored by Emeka Offor, an Anambra kingmaker.
After a falling out between Mbadinuju and his "godfather", Offor, the power struggle between the two men crippled the machinery of government in the state.
By September 2002, unpaid teachers had been on strike for a year and civil servants and court workers had been on strike for months.
The president of the Onitsha branch of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), Barnabas Igwe, said state leaders had pocketed the money meant to pay the striking workers.
On 1 September 2002, Igwe and his pregnant wife Amaka were brutally and publicly assassinated by Nigerian militia men.
While in office, Chinwoke Mbaninuju passed a law that created the Anambra Vigilante Services, which legally enshrined the Bakassi Boys, a popular if feared vigilante group credited with reducing crime in the state.
Mbadinuju said that crime in the state had reached such an appalling level that something had to be done.
In a November 2009 interview, Mbadinuju defended his decision on the basis of the results it achieved in reducing crime.
Mbadinuju later fell out with Chris Uba, another power broker or godfather in the state.
Mbadinuju claimed that he was excluded from the governorship contest in 2003 despite winning the PDP primaries because Uba and President Olusegun Obasanjo opposed his candidacy.
In his place, Dr. Chris Ngige ran for the PDP, but he was beaten by the candidate of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA).
Eventually, after the election was nullified and re-run, Chris Ngige gained the post.
Later life and death.
Igwe had been a vocal critic of Mbadinuju, calling for his resignation due to the failure to pay government workers for several months.
Joseph M. McNamara (born September 7, 1950 in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives representing District 19 since January 2003.
McNamara served consecutively from January 1995 until January 2003 in the District 29 seat.
Education.
McNamara earned his BS from Boston University and his MEd from Providence College.
Elections.
Conodont paleozoology.
Willi Ziegler and Charles A. Sandberg described the conodont genus "Alternognathus".
Archosauromorphs.
Newly named dinosaurs.
Sabha Parva, also called the "Book of the Assembly Hall", is the second of eighteen books of "Mahabharata".
Sabha Parva traditionally has 10 parts and 81 chapters.
The critical edition of Sabha Parva has 9 parts and 72 chapters.
Sabha Parva starts with the description of the palace and assembly hall ("sabha") built by Maya, at Indraprastha.
Chapter 5 of the book outlines over a hundred principles of governance and administration necessary for a kingdom and its citizens to be prosperous, virtuous and happy.
The middle parts describe life at the court, Yudhishthira's Rajasuya Yajna that leads to the expansion of the Pandava brothers' empire.
The last two parts describe the one vice and addiction of the virtuous king Yudhishthira - gambling.
Shakuni, encouraged by Duryodhana, mocks Yudhishthira and tempts him into a game of dice.
Yudhishthira bets everything and loses the game, leading to the eventual exile of the Pandavas.
The book also details the principle of evil and crime against humanity, of why individuals who themselves have not been harmed must act regardless when society at large suffers systematic crime and injustice - this theory is outlined in the story of Magadha, Chapters 20 through 24, where the trio of Krishna, Arjuna and Bhima slay Jarasandha.
Structure and chapters.
Sabha Parva has 10 sub-parvas (parts, little books), and a total of 81 chapters (sections).
Several translations of the Sanskrit book Sabha Parva in English are available.
Two translations from 19th century, now in public domain, are those by Kisari Mohan Ganguli and Manmatha Nath Dutt.
The translations are not consistent in parts, and vary with each translator's interpretations.
Mahabharata, like many ancient Sanskrit texts, was transmitted across generations verbally, a practice that was a source of corruption of its text, deletion of verses, as well as the addition of extraneous verses over time.
The structure, prose, meter and style of translations vary within chapters between the translating authors.
Clay Sanskrit Library has published a 15 volume set of the Mahabharata which includes a translation of Sabha Parva by Paul Wilmot.
This translation is modern and uses an old manuscript of the Epic.
The translation does not remove verses and chapters now widely believed to be spurious and smuggled into the Epic in 1st or 2nd millennium AD.
J.
A.
B. van Buitenen published an annotated edition of Sabha Parva, reflecting the verses common in multiple versions of the Mahabharata.
Buitenen suggests Sabha Parva had less corruption, deletion and addition of extraneous verses over time than Adi Parva.
Debroy, in his 2011 overview of Mahabharata, notes that updated critical edition of Sabha Parva, with spurious and corrupted text removed, has 9 parts, 72 adhyayas (chapters) and 2,387 shlokas (verses).
Debroy's translation of the critical edition of Sabha Parva appears in Volume 2 of his series.
Sabha Parva is considered one of pivotable books among the eighteen books, the gambling and exile episode is often dramatized in modern productions of the Mahabharata.
Najafabad Rural District () is in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman province, Iran.
It is administered from the city of Najaf Shahr.
At the National Census of 2006, its population was 4,915 in 1,185 households.
There were 7,394 inhabitants in 1,797 households at the following census of 2011.
At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 8,474 in 2,163 households.
Primavera is an enterprise project portfolio management software.
Primavera was launched in 1983 by Primavera Systems Inc. which was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2008.
History.
Founders.
Primavera was founded in 1983 by Joel Koppelman and Dick Faris.
It was headquarted at Three Bala Plaza West in Bala Cynwyd Pennsylvania.
Products and versions.
As of 2008 Primavera Systems supported long-established products - P3 and Sure-Trak - and the newer P6 version.
In comparison, the P6 version did not register in a CFMA 2008 survey of the United States construction industry.
The P3 version to P6 version change is based in a move from DOS-type shortcut keys to mouse-based icons.
Thus, a software application that was once very fast to use but grounded in shortcut functions (which some users found difficult to master) moved to a mouse-based application that is quick to learn but once mastered never achieves the same speed of use.
The Primavera Project Planner DOS core launched in 1983 and the P3 Windows interface launched in 1994.
After a 27-year version life, Oracle ceased sales of the P3 and SureTrak versions on December 31, 2010.
In 2012, Primavera P6 EPPM Upgrade Release 8.2 added capabilities for governance, project-team participation, and project visibility.
In addition, Primavera P6 Analytics Release 2.0 gained new enterprise-reporting tools and dashboards for monitoring and analyzing performance data, including geospatial analysis.
Organizations could also investigate comparative trends and cause-and-effect in multiple projects with Primavera Contract Management Release 14 as it included the report-writing capabilities of Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher.
In April 2013, Oracle Corporation announced the release of version 8.4 of Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management.
This version incorporated material from Oracle's acquisitions of Skire and Instantis in 2012.
Use in ransomware.
Primavera has been targeted by extortionists as a way to efficiently compromise digital business assets through fixable software security flaws, leading to a higher return in the usage of ransomware.
Whys and Other Whys (titled "Whys and Otherwise" in its sound reissue) is a 1927 silent animated short subject featuring Felix the Cat.
Plot.
Felix is supposed to attend his job at a daycare center.
Instead he spends time drinking booze at a local tavern.
By the time he proceeds to his work, he is already late by several minutes.
His drunkenness also slows him down.
At the daycare center, the iceweasel, who is Felix's domineering buddy and colleague, is very annoyed and is even holding a car muffler.
He is not happy because he had to do Felix's work as well as his.
Felix finally enters the workplace, and already senses trouble brewing.
To calm the iceweasel, Felix attempts to make up stories.
Felix tells how he tried to buy a suit for the iceweasel as a Christmas gift he and his buddy talked about previously.
He also tells how a man scammed him by selling what appeared to be a nice garment but turned out to be a bear which chased and attacked him.
The iceweasel is sympathetic at first after hearing the story.
But as Felix giggles and his buddy notices, the iceweasel's sour expression is returned.
Felix tells another story, this time on how he tried to deliver a package to his buddy but had trouble with a robber.
The robber thinks the package contains something expensive but it was just arabica beans.
The robber is disgusted and tosses the package off a cliff and into the sea.
Felix jumps in too.
As Felix manages to retrieve the box, the waves toss him onto a ship.
After a ride on the ship, he continues walking and carrying package.
This was until he is spotted by a lion which is interested in the box.
Though attacked, Felix prevails in the fight.
But the iceweasel finds the stories very farfetched because Felix failed to explain what happened to the package if there was any.
The iceweasel pounds Felix with the car muffler.
Northern Power Station was located at Port Paterson in the Australian state of South Australia about south of the city centre of Port Augusta.
It was coal powered with two 260 MW steam turbines that generated a total of 520 MW of electricity.
It was operated and maintained by Alinta Energy and was commissioned in 1985.
The plant ceased electricity production in May 2016 and decommissioned and demolished over the following few years.
Emissions.
Air.
Carbon Monitoring for Action estimated that this power station emitted 3.62 million tonnes of greenhouse gases each year as a result of burning coal.
Other air-borne emissions were reported annually to the National Pollution Inventory.
Marine.
Northern Power Station drew cooling water from Upper Spencer Gulf and returned it to the sea at an elevated temperature.
Its outfall channel is intended to be used by Sundrop Farms to disperse desalination brine from a proposed seawater desalination plant to create freshwater for a greenhouse, expected to be completed in 2016.
Closure and alternative uses.
Despite being the lowest marginal cost fossil fuel generator in South Australia, Northern's economic viability was progressively eroded as wind and solar generation increased in South Australia.
During the operation of carbon pricing in Australia under the Clean Energy Act, Northern reduced operation to seasonal summer-only operation.
In recent years its long-term future has been subject to much consideration, including life extension and complete replacement.
In 2013, Alinta Energy announced that it was investigating developing a new low-grade coal deposit which could extend the working lives of both Northern and adjacent Playford B power stations until the year 2030.
Concept level proposals have been discussed for the replacement of the plant with either a gas-fired, a concentrated solar thermal plant or a nuclear power plant.
On 11 June 2015, Alinta Energy announced its intent to permanently close the power station by March 2018, along with the related Playford B Power Station, and the Leigh Creek coal mine that supplies them both with fuel.
This was updated on 30 July 2015 to bring the closure dates of all three facilities forward by 12 months, with closure to occur between March 2016 and March 2017.
On 7 October 2015, Alinta Energy announced that Northern and Playford B would close around 31 March 2016.
A few months after the shutdown, South Australia experienced a major storm in late September 2016 which damaged electricity distribution infrastructure and tripped out several wind farms and other generators.
It resulted in a state-wide blackout for a few hours, and the power was off in some areas for a couple of days.. Federal Resources Minister Matt Canavan said large energy users and interstate power operators had discussed the reopening of the Northern Power Station but this was dismissed by the South Australian Government.
The power stations were demolished and the 1068ha site rehabilitated, including saltbush cover over the ash pond.
Replanting was completed in May 2019, but challenged by drought.
The site was sold to Cu-River Mining to develop a trans-shipping port for iron ore, grain and other commodities.
Fly ash playa and health concerns.
With the permanent closure of the Playford and Northern power stations at Port Augusta, dampening flows of water across the adjacent fly ash playa ceased.
This allowed the fly ash, which contains crystalline silica, to become airborne.
On several occasions in 2016 and 2017, plumes of the fine grey fly ash powder became visible rising from the power station site and blew into the town of Port Augusta, concerning residents and impacting air quality.
In February 2017, topsoil application trials were underway and liquid odour suppressant was being applied periodically to the flyash dam.
Flyash Australia collected, processed and sold flyash from the Northern Power Station.
The company, which is a joint venture between Boral and Cement Australia Pty.
Ltd., delivered flyash directly to its customers or via its distribution centre in Regency Park, Adelaide.
An Imbalance of Power is an adventure published by FASA in 1986 for the science fiction role-playing game "", itself based on the TV series "Star Trek".
Plot summary.
Although most "Star Trek" adventures feature the players as Starfleet officers, in this adventure, the player characters are Klingon officers on a D7 battlecruiser.
They discover a primitive world with deposits of duralium, an ore used in warp drive shielding.
Although the planet is currently embroiled in a civil war, the characters must somehow secure the planet as a client of the Klingon Empire.
Publication history.
"An Imbalance of Power", a 48-page softcover book published in 1986, was written by Michael Mornard, with interior art by Darnell Williams and Jeff Laubenstein, and cover art by David Deitrick.
The package also included two bound-in pamphlets, bound-in cardboard counter sheets, and a bound-in color map.
Life.
Walter Adolf Florens Hermann Kriege was born in Paraguay in 1891.
After taking part in the First World War, Kriege completed his studies in jurisprudence at Berlin, where he obtained his doctorate.
Between 1921 and 1923, he worked at the Reichsbank, the German Central Bank.
Between 1923 and 1944, he worked in the Prussian Justice Ministry and later transferred to the national State Justice Ministry.
In April 1940, he was appointed Ministerial Director in the Justice Ministry, a post that he retained until his arrest in July 1944.
Between 1939 and 1944, Kriege also served as the president of the Senior Maritime Trophies Court ("Oberprisenhof").
He was nominated a member Carl Friedrich Goerdeler'splanned as Secretary of State at the Justice Ministry or, according to another source, as Justice Minister.
However, the planned government never came to power because the 20 July plot failed to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Germany's incumbent chancellor.
Instead, Kriege was arrested, but unlike many others who were then arrested, he was released a few months later, in November 1944.
The Second World War ended in May 1945 and what remained of Germany was divided into four occupation zones, each of which administered by one of the four principal victorious Allied poweres.
In May 1949, three of the four occupation zones were refounded as West Germany.
Between 1946 and 1949, Kriege worked as deputy president of the "German Finance Council", in the US occupation zone at Stuttgart.
The new country's chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, was keen to appoint Kriege as his Administrative Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
The post was particularly ambiguous because West Germany has been established under terms established by the country's sponsors in the so-called Occupation statute of April 1949, which greatly qualified the new country's autonomy and expressly excluded foreign policy from the Adenauer government's areas of responsibility.
In the event, neither Kriege nor , to whom the post was offered, accepted it.
For the early years of his chancellorship, Adenauer ran his Foreign Ministry himself.
Kriege himself took a bank directorship, probably before he had been formally offered the foreign ministry post, as president of the ("Landeszentralbank") of North Rhine-Westphalia, a post that he retained until he died just over two years later.
Kriege was the nephew of the architect Richard Saran, the grandson of Bremen Mayor John Daniel Meier and the cousin of the journalist Mary Saran.
It is a part of the Lakhimpur district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Kheri Lok Sabha constituency.
First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1962 after the "DPACO (1961)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1961.
Borj () is a village in Astaneh Rural District, in the Central District of Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran.
Strzelecki and Angus Lloyd co-founded the British clothing label, Henri Lloyd, in Manchester, United Kingdom, in 1963.
He was known as Henri or Mr Henri to colleagues and friends.
Early life.
Strzelecki was born in Brodnica, Poland.
He fled Poland with the outbreak of World War II and enlisted in the Polish 2nd Corps (later part of the British Eighth Army) in Italy.
Strzelecki fought with the Corps in battles throughout the war, notably participating in the liberation of the city of Bologna from the Germans.
He was awarded medals from both the British and Polish militaries for his service during the war.
Strzelecki decided to remain in the United Kingdom following the war due to the Communist takeover of Poland.
He began studying textiles and fibers, which would lead to a career in the clothing industry.
Career.
Strzelecki and Lloyd launched Henri-Lloyd Limited, an amalgamation of their two names, in 1963.
Their company, which specializes in outdoor gear, golf clothing, yachting and outdoor lifestyle apparel, quickly earned a reputation for introducing new technologies and man-made textiles and fiber into their clothing.
Under Strzelecki and Lloyd, Henri Lloyd became one of the first to utilize Velcro, Gore-Tex, and Bri-Nylon in their apparel.
Henri Lloyd clothing became the choice of prominent sailors, Olympians, and explorers, including Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Shirley Robertson, and Sir Robin Knox-Johnston.
Henri Strzelecki died on 26 December 2012, at the age of 87.
His wife, Sheila, died in 1999.
Awards.
Queen Elizabeth II awarded Strzelecki the Member of the Order of the British Empire for his contributions to the clothing industry in 1985.
The Henri Lloyd company further received the Queen's Award for Export Achievement in 1986 and 1987.
In 1987, Strzelecki was named the Marine Personality of the Year by the Marine Trades Association.
The EoN 460 series are wooden single-seat standard class sailplanes, built in the UK in the 1960s.
It did not have major competition success but some remain in use in 2021.
Design and development.
It was built in 1961 as a completely new Standard Class glider.
The name Eon 460, sometimes written as Eon Olympia 460, stands both for a series of gliders and for the prototypes of the series, all described by EoN as Type 10.
Five slightly different model 460 prototypes were followed by 48 production model 463s.
Two model 465s, with slimmer, slightly longer fuselages made possible by a semi-reclining pilot's position, were built for the 1965 World Gliding Championships.
They were the last gliders designed and built by Elliotts of Newbury before their takeover by Slingsby Sailplanes in March 1966.
All the 460 series have wooden structures and are largely plywood skinned.
The straight-tapered tail surfaces are fabric covered.
The rudder runs to the keel via a cut-out in the horizontal trailing edge.
The tailplane is a cantilever structure, mounted on top of the fuselage, folding upwards for transport and carrying conventional split elevators with a starboard trim tab on the prototypes and production 463s.
The 465s have non-folding all-moving tailplanes with tabs on both trailing edges.
The fuselage is a flat-sided Warren girder structure, plywood covered apart from the curved glass fibre rear decking.
Wing attachment involves some aluminium fittings.
The single seat cockpit is ahead of the wing leading edge under a single piece canopy.
All 460 series aircraft use a fixed, unsprung monowheel main undercarriage.
On the first four prototypes at least, this was mounted below the fuselage in a fairing which exposed only the edge of the wheel.
On the 463s, the wheel is unfaired but assisted by an integral skid.
The 465s have no skid and the wheel mounting is instead raised into the fuselage.
All have a tail bumper with a "roller skate" tailwheel.
The Eon 460 first flew on 26 April 1960 then went to RAE Bedford for testing and, whilst there, took part in the RAF and Interforces Competition held at RAF Odiham in July that year.
Both these aircraft had performances limited by turbulence generated behind the canopy and at the wing roots.
They were followed by the Type C which was like the Type A but had a longer, lower hood and upper decking.
The final prototype variant was the Type D, like the Type C but with modified outer wing sections.
The less competitive production machines, produced from April 1963, were as the Type D but with wings of aspect ratio 18. despite opposition from the designer, Harry Midwood, and the chief test pilot, David Ince.
Operational history.
Three EoN 460s, the first three prototypes with the Type A modified to Type C canopy style, competed without success in the 1961 National Championships, failing to finish in the top five places and outperformed by earlier EoN Olympia variants.
Both the EoN 465s competed in the 1965 World Gliding Championships held in the UK at South Cerney but performed poorly, placed 9th and 41st out of a field of 45 in the Standard Class.
A 463 also competed, finishing 40th.
Some are still flying, including "BGA1296" ("BWE"), which was at the Vintage Glider Club rally held at Tibenham in August 2010.
Four 463s went to New Zealand, one 463 and the first 465 to South Africa and one 463 to Croatia.
Aircraft on display.
A 460 is under restoration at the Gliding Heritage Centre in Hampshire.
The second 463 is on display in the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester and the second 465 at the Museum of Berkshire Aviation.
Variants.
Grant Mudford (born 1944 in Sydney), is an Australian photographer.
Life and work.
From 1963 to 1964 he studied architecture at the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
From 1965 to 1974, he established a commercial photography studio in Sydney and worked widely in advertising, fashion, magazine editorial and theatre.
He also worked on numerous short films as a cinematographer.
In 1974 and 1977 he was awarded a Visual Arts Board Travel Grant, from the Australia Council for the Arts, with a program of intensive travel and work in the United States.
He moved to Los Angeles permanently in 1977.
In 1980 he secured a Photographers' Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts.
Mudford was the subject of episode six of the television series 'Visual Instincts' (Artemis International, 1989).
In 1990 and 1991 he photographed extensively throughout the US for an exhibition of the work of architect Louis Kahn, organised by Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.
De Aar also known as Maraisfontein is a town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.
It has a population of around 42,000 inhabitants.
It is the second-most important railway junction in the country, situated on the line between Cape Town and Kimberley.
The junction was of particular strategic importance to the British during the Second Boer War.
De Aar is also a primary commercial distribution centre for a large area of the central Great Karoo.
Major production activities of the area include wool production and livestock farming.
The area is also popular for hunting, although the region is rather arid.
De Aar is also affectionately known as "Die SES" deriving its nickname from the six farms that have surrounded De Aar since the 1900s.
History.
De Aar was originally established on the Farm "De Aar."
The name means "the artery", a reference to its underground water supply.
The Cape Government Railways were founded in 1872, and the route that the government chose for the line to connect the Kimberley diamond fields to Cape Town on the coast, ran directly through De Aar.
Because of its central location, the government also selected the location for a junction between this first railway line, and the other Cape railway networks further east, in 1881.
In 1899 two brothers who ran a trading store and hotel at the junction, Isaac and Wulf Friedlander, purchased the farm of De Aar.
Following the Anglo Boer War, the Friedlander brothers surveyed the land for the establishment of a town.
The municipality was created a year later and the town's first mayor, Dr Harry Baker, was elected in 1907.
The South African Defence Force's 97 Ammunition Depot is located outside of De Aar.
This is a large facility, and includes 186 magazines and an internal railway system.
The South African Army's School of Ammunition is also located at the facility.
Geography.
Climate.
The average annual precipitation is , with most rainfall occurring during summer and autumn.
Tourist attractions.
There are ancient Khoisan rock engravings on the Volksrust and Brandfontein farms.
Additionally, there is a "Garden of Remembrance", which honours the British troops killed in the Anglo-Boer War.
The town is also home to a major military ammunition dump.
De Aar was also the host to the XC World Series in 2008 and 2009.
During the summer months De Aar is home for several thousand Kestrels.
Every evening the birds fill the sky above town and land in the big trees near the hospital just as the sun sets to spend the night.
Coats of arms.
Municipal (1).
Municipal (2).
By 1952, the municipality had assumed a coat of arms depicting a railway locomotive above a ram's head.
The motto was on a riband below the shield.
Municipal (3).
This design was improved a few years later, and the new version was registered with the Cape Provincial Administration in November 1955. a golden shield displaying, from top to bottom, a black locomotive on a silver background, a ram's head on a golden background, and four wavy stripes alternately blue and silver).
Municipal (4).
An entirely new coat of arms was registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in March 1986. a blue shield with a silver stripe down the middle and, across the top, a red stripe displaying a ram's head between two golden wheels).
The name is pronounced as "Kwor" (rhyming with "for").
It belongs to the Catholic Order of St Benedict.
They were constructed from Belgian brick in a style combining French, Byzantine and Moorish architectural elements.
In the vicinity are a few remains of the original twelfth-century abbey.
A community of fewer than a dozen monks maintains the monastery's regular life and the attached farm. , the community provides two-month internships for young men.
History.
Cistercian monastery.
St. Mary's Abbey at Quarr was part of the Cistercian Order and was founded in 1132 by Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon, fourth Lord of the Isle of Wight.
The founder was buried in the Abbey in 1155, and his remains, along with those of a royal princess, Cecily of York (died 1507), second daughter of King Edward IV of England and godmother of Henry VIII, still lie on the site of the mediaeval monastery, as do other important personages.
Arreton Manor was part of the abbey from the 12th century until 1525.
The name Quarr comes from 'quarry', because there used to be a stone quarry in the neighbourhood.
The original title of the monastery was the Abbey of Our Lady and St John.
Stone from the quarry was used in the Middle Ages for both ecclesiastical and military buildings, for example for parts of the Tower of London.
This site became a valuable and productive property.
Because of this, it was the tradition for the abbot to be appointed warden or lord of the island.
The prevalence of piracy in the area led to the granting in 1340 of special permission to fortify the area against attack.
A stone wall, sea gate and portcullis were constructed.
The ruins of these defences are still visible.
Secular ownership.
After the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536, the land was acquired by a Southampton merchant, George Mills who demolished most of the abbey.
Its stone was used for fortifications at the nearby towns of Cowes and Yarmouth.
One of the three abbey bells is preserved in the belfry of the nearby Anglican parish church, originally built by the monks of Quarr Abbey for their lay dependants.
Salvaged stone was also used to build Quarr Abbey House.
Modern abbey.
Exile of Solesmes.
A nineteenth-century French law banned religious orders except by special dispensation, though its application varied with changes of government.
A crisis came in 1880, when congregations were ordered to apply for authorisation within three months.
Although this was at first brutally enforced against men's communities, protests resulted in gradual abandonment of the measures.
Congregations were reconstituted.
On 1 July 1901, however, tolerance towards religious communities came to an end with the passing of a new law.
Appuldurcombe House.
Finally, at the end of July, attention was drawn to a suitable 'large house on the Isle of Wight which seems to meet the requirements of the monks', Appuldurcombe House near Wroxall on the Isle of Wight.
The house was viewed and accepted, and a lease contract was signed on 19 August 1901.
A former monastic site, the construction of the house had been begun in 1701 by Sir Robert Worsley on the site of a Tudor manor house and completed much later (1773) by Sir Richard Worsley who, from 1787, also established there what was to become a well-known art collection.
On the death of Sir Richard in 1805, the estate passed to his niece, who was married to the Second Baron and first Earl of Yarborough.
The family connection with the house ended in 1855, when the estate was sold off by her son, the Second Earl of Yarborough.
The monks wasted no time in beginning their transfer from Solesmes to the Isle of Wight and, on Saturday 21 September 1901, practically the entire community of Solesmes reached Appuldurcombe.
New abbey on site of Quarr Abbey House.
The first monks arrived at Quarr Abbey House from Appuldurcombe on 25 June 1907 to prepare the grounds and the beginnings of a kitchen garden.
They also put up fencing around the property, established a chicken farm and planted an orchard.
One of the monks, Dom Paul Bellot, aged 31, was an architect.
He designed and draughted plans for the new abbey, incorporating and extending Quarr Abbey House, some distance from the ruins of the medieval monastery. 300 workers from the Isle of Wight, accustomed to building only dwelling-houses, raised a building whose design and workmanship is admired by all who visit the Abbey.
The building of the refectory and three sides of the cloister began in 1907 and was completed inside one year.
The rest of the monks came from Appuldurcombe and, in April 1911, work began on the Abbey church which was quickly completed and consecrated on 12 October 1912.
It was built with tall pointed towers of glowing Flemish brick, adding a touch of Byzantium to the skyline.
The monastic buildings are considered some of the most important twentieth-century religious structures in the United Kingdom.
In 1922, after World War I, the community of Solesmes returned to France.
A small community of monks was left at Quarr which, from being a priory of Solesmes, became in 1937 an independent abbey, with English monks recruited to the community.
With a shrinking community and ageing buildings the World Monuments Fund identified Quarr Abbey as one of the 100 most endangered historic sites in the world.
The project included repair and conservation of the abbey remains and existing abbey church, as well as a visitor information centre and education and training placements in construction for local college students.
In the Bellot Abbey, repairs were carried out to remedy rain penetration.
In July 2013, the Abbey hosted a Chant Forum, a five-day course on early polyphony and Gregorian Chant.
Day To Day Life At Quarr. 7 public services take place each day, beginning with Vigils at 5.30 in the morning.
Lauds then follows at 7am during the week and at 10 on a Sunday.
Daily Mass is at 9 during the week and at 10 on a Sunday.
Added to this each of the monks have jobs to do around the monastery and its grounds.
Retreats.
According to The Rule Of Saint Benedict, "All guests who present themselves are to be welcomed as Christ", and as such, Quarr Abbey makes no distinction in who it allows to stay within the monastery's guest house facilities regardless of what denomination they may or may not be.
Payment for a stay comes in the form of a donation, based on what the guest can or can't afford, and no one is ever turned away simply because they can't afford it.
Father Nicholas, the guestmaster is constantly on hand to show visitors to their rooms and to sit and chat with them in that of the common room.
Meals are provided for those on retreat, with breakfast being around 7.30am, lunch at 1.15pm and supper at 7pm.
Such is the popularity of Quarr, many well known people have stayed there including the musician Phil Collins, and people return time after time, from all four corners of the globe.
In literature.
Tony Hendra devotes much of his 2004 memoir, "", to his experiences at Quarr Abbey.
In his 1929 memoir, "Good-Bye to All That", Robert Graves describes visiting Quarr Abbey whilst recovering on the Isle of Wight during the Great War.
He was King Alfred Professor of English Literature at the University of Liverpool from 1974 to 1990.
His works are usually representations of rabbis done in warm, rich colors.
Life.
Straski was raised in pre-World War II Europe as a devout follower of the Jewish faith.
While growing up, he grew close to Rabbis in his community who taught him violin, cello, and the Torah.
He drew his inspiration for art from the Rabbis surrounding him in his local community.
During World War II, his family was forced into a concentration camp.
While in the camps, Straski whenever possible saved small pieces of scrap paper and made thumbnail sketches of his teachers who he vowed would never be forgotten.
It is said "he kept his sanity by painting the Rabbis of his youth.
Ashley Shields (born June 15, 1985) is an American professional women's basketball player, most recently with the Detroit Shock of the WNBA.
Shields, who attended Southwest Tennessee Community College, became the first WNBA player drafted out of a community college.
The Houston Comets took her with the eighth pick in the 2007 WNBA draft.
WNBA career.
Shields debuted in 2007, appearing in 26 games her rookie season, averaging 5.3 points per game for the Comets.
She played in just three games in 2008 before being waived.
She was eventually signed by the Detroit Shock, appearing in seven regular season games and averaging 3.1 points per game.
Shields also appeared in three playoff games during the Shock's title run, scoring two points.
Shields was traded to the Atlanta Dream before the 2009 season, but was waived before play began.
As of June 2023, Shields has yet to return to WNBA after being waived by the Dream in 2009.
Overseas career.
Shields signed with Israeli women's team Elitzur-Maccabi Netanya in 2008, and became the leading scorer in the Israeli women's league.
High is a play written by Matthew Lombardo.
The story revolves around a nun, Sister Jamison Connelly, who deals with her sordid past and the people around her with her acerbic wit and wisdom.
When Sister Jamison agrees to sponsor a gay 19-year-old drug user and hustler in an effort to help him combat his addiction, her own faith is ultimately tested.
HIGH explores the universal themes of truth, forgiveness, redemption and human fallibility.
Production history.
"High" had its world premiere in the summer of 2010 at Hartford's TheaterWorks, where director Rob Ruggiero had been a longtime associate artistic director, as well as author Matthew Lombardo, who was born in Hartford and raised in Wethersfield.
The show, which had commercial attachments and Broadway ambitions, then traveled to Cincinnati's Playhouse in the Park, followed by a run at the Repertory Theater of St. Louis.
Kathleen Turner and Evan Jonigkeit played Sister Jamison and Cody Randall, while Michael Berresse portrayed Father Michael Delpapp.
Reviews were mostly positive in the out-of-town tryouts.
"High" opened in previews on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on March 25, 2011, with an official opening night on April 19, 2011.
Turner and Jonigkeit remained in their respective roles, and Stephen Kunken replaced Berresse in the role of Father Michael Delpapp.
Despite some critical praise, mainly for Jonigkeit and Turner's performances, it was otherwise critically savaged and, coupled with low advance sales, closed on April 24, 2011, after 28 previews and 8 regular performances (making it the shortest-running production of the 2010-2011 Broadway season).
Synopsis.
Sister Jamison Connelly is an acerbic and profanity-inclined nun and drug counselor with a checkered past of her own.
She herself is a former drug user and alcoholic whose promiscuity caused her sister's tragic death.
Her employer, Father Michael Delpapp, introduces her to Cody Randall, a 19-year-old gay drug user and hustler, hoping that Randall can be reformed.
Sister Jamison is left to stop Cody from self-destructing with his crystal meth addiction and to confront her own past.
Various plot twists reveal that Father Michael is Cody's uncle and that he has been enabling him financially for years.
This support culminated in a cover-up of Cody's murdering his 14-year-old lover.
At first resistant, Cody eventually begins to take to Sister Jamison's unconventional approach to religion, but he relapses into drug abuse and a life of crime.
He studied under Bernard Picart (1673-1733) whose style he subsequently copied.
His main interests were engraving portraits and producing illustrations for "La Vie de Marianne" by Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (1688-1763), published in The Hague between 1735 and 1747.
The "Billboard" Digital Song Sales chart is a chart that ranks the most downloaded songs in the United States.
Its data is compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based on each song's weekly digital sales, which combines sales of different versions of a song by an act for a summarized figure.
In 2021, 28 acts reached number one (including features) with 22 songs.
The band's "Dynamite" opened the year atop the chart, spending eight non-consecutive weeks in the lead (following its ten chart-topping weeks in 2020), making it the longest running number-one song in the chart's history, before being replaced by their own "Film Out".
"Butter" later topped the chart for 18 non-consecutive weeks, tying the band's own "Dynamite", and accumulating at least 1,699,900 digital downloads.
Justin Bieber's "Anyone" became his 13th number-one song, breaking his tie with Drake for the most number-one songs by a male artist.
It was replaced by singer-songwriter Olivia Rodrigo's debut single "Drivers License" which spent three weeks atop the chart, the only song not by BTS to top the chart for multiple weeks.
Taylor Swift's "All Too Well (Taylor's Version)", a re-recorded version of her 2012 single "All Too Well", debuted atop the chart, extending her record as the artist with the most number-one songs on the chart, with 23.
Member of Parliament.
Vincent was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1984 electoral landslide that brought Brian Mulroney and the Progressive Conservative Party to power.
Cabinet member.
In January 1993, Vincent was elevated to Prime Minister Mulroney's Cabinet as Minister of State for Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs.
When Kim Campbell succeeded Mulroney as PC leader and prime minister, she promoted Vincent to Minister of the Environment.
He was sworn of the Privy Council on January 5, 1993.
Both Vincent and the Campbell government were defeated in the 1993 federal election and Vincent returned to private life.
Return in politics.
Microcotyle macropharynx is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish.
It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
It was first described by Mamaev in 1989.
Morphology.
"Microcotyle macropharynx" has the general morphology of all species of "Microcotyle", with a symmetrical body, comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor.
The haptor is symmetrical, and bears clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side.
The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish.
There are also two buccal suckers at the anterior extremity.
The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a pharynx, an oesophagus and a posterior intestine with two lateral branches provided with numerous secondary branches.
Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs.
The reproductive organs include an anterior genital atrium, armed with numerous very spines, a medio-dorsal vagina , a single ovary and a number of testes which are posterior to the ovary.
Hosts and localities.
Galerita forreri is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae.
The Raymond Danowski Poetry Library is a poetry library at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S..
Theatre of Tragedy is the first studio album by the Norwegian gothic metal band Theatre of Tragedy.
Where the Happy People Go is the third studio album by American soul-disco group, The Trammps, released in 1976 through Atlantic Records.
Commercial performance.
The album peaked at No.
It also reached No. 50 on the "Billboard" 200.
The album features the singles "That's Where the Happy People Go", which peaked at No. 12 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, No. 27 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, and "Disco Party", which charted at No. 1 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart.
The two spellings of the name reflect Catalan orthography before and after Pompeu Fabra's reform.
Within Badalona, it's one of the neighbourhoods which make up the town's district 6.
It's part of the innermost region of the metropolitan area of Barcelona, not far from Barcelona proper.
The immigrant population of Artigues is important, and during political campaign, some political parties have used their stance on migration policies and management in Artigues as part of their discourse.
Transport.
Jakob Stausholm is a Danish businessman, and the CEO of Rio Tinto Group since January 2021.
Stausholm earned a degree from the University of Copenhagen.
Stausholm joined Rio Tinto in September 2018 as an executive director and chief financial officer (CFO).
Before Rio Tinto, Stausholm was the Chief Strategy, Finance and Transformation Officer for Maersk.
The First Congregational Church of Cheshire is a historic church at 111 Church Drive in Cheshire, Connecticut.
Built in 1827, it was designed by David Hoadley and is a prominent local example of Federal period architecture.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
The congregation is affiliated with the United Church of Christ.
Architecture and history.
The First Congregational Church is located in Cheshire's town center, on the west side of Connecticut Route 10 opposite the town hall.
It is separated by CT 10 by a surviving element of the town green, now owned and managed by the church, and is accessed via Church Drive.
It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior.
Its front facade has a projecting four-column temple front, with round fluted columns rising to Ionic capitals and a fully pedimented gable.
Straddling the projecting and the main roof is a tower, with a square base section housing a clock, two octagonal stages (one of which houses an open belfry), and a conical steeple ending in a cross.
Five other Congregational churches were built on essentially the same design in the Connecticut towns of Old Lyme (the 1816-17 Old Lyme Congregational Church), Milford (1823), Litchfield (the 1829 First Congregational Church of Litchfield), Southington (1830), and Guilford (the 1830 First Congregational Church of Guilford).
All six churches have front porticos with four fluted columns, the doors of all six have the same dimensions, all six steeples are of the same design and are surmounted by weathervanes that appear to have been cast from one mold, and all six churches have twenty-over-twenty double-hung windows.
Lodbrog is a cable-laying ship that was built as a freight ferry.
She was built in 1983 as Siegelberg and completed in 1985 for Romanian owners as Tuzla.
In 1996 she was renamed Bolero.
The ship was renamed "Lodbrog" after conversion to a cable layer in 2001.
Description.
As built, the ship was long, with a beam of and a depth of .
She tonnages were and .
The ship was powered by two 12-cylinder Halberstadt diesel engines of , which can propel the ship at .
The ship had lane capacity and could carry 12 passengers.
History.
The ship was built as yard number 154 by VEB Mathias Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany.
She was launched on 29 November 1983 as "Siegelberg" and then laid up unfinished.
The IMO number 8306591 was allocated.
She served in the Black Sea. on 12 May 1990, "Tuzla" was involved in a collision with the Soviet ship .
In 1993, she was placed under the Cypriot flag, with Limassol as her port of registry.
She was placed back under the Romanian flag in 1995.
From 28 April 1996, "Tuzla" was chartered by Seatruck Ferries and renamed "Bolero".
She was one of the first two ferries chartered by Seatruck.
On 16 October 2000, "Bolero" was sold to Alcatel Submarine Networks Marine, Copenhagen, Denmark, and was renamed "Lodbrog".
She was laid up in Leirvik, Norway.
The rebuilt resulted in her being assessed as , .
The Punnapra-Vayalar uprising (October 1946) was a militant communist movement in the Princely State of Travancore, British India against the Prime Minister, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer and the state.
Historians like Prof Sreedhara Menon (though it is claimed that he had retracted his views later) maintain this was a proper struggle against the declaration of 'Independent Travancore' by the then Travancore.
Background.
Sir CP Ramaswami Iyer had proposed constitutional reforms making Travancore an independent country, not joining Indian Union.
CP had proposed an 'American model' for Travancore.
The Communists in Travancore opposed this move with the slogans, '(Throw the) American Model in the Arabian Sea' (American Model Arabikadalil) .
The struggle against the Travancore Kingdom began in 1939 when the merger of socialist parties, which created a new radical communist party took place.
The brutal famine conditions in Travancore Kingdom during the Second World War had pushed the peasants towards the Communists.
In March 1946, Alappuzha was filled up by Travancore Police to attack the members of ATTUC (All Travancore Trade Union Congress), who used non-violent protest against the Diwan for not helping poor during the Famine.
In response, over 2,000 communists attacked police stations all across Alappuzha and practically established their independent government free from the monarchy.
The government was established from Cherthala to Ambalapuzha, a stretch of in Alappuzha.
The communist cadres in Alappuzha were given military training by some ex-servicemen who had returned home from the Second World War.
The Avarna communist cadres were armed with country weapons, especially varikundams (spears made out of arecanut tree stems).
On 25 October 1946 (Maharajah's Birthday), the new Travancore constitution was to be implemented, Making Travancore an Independent Country (US model).
Over 1000 communists in Vayalar fiercely retaliated this move and revolted and killed Travancore police officials and government officials in that region.
Dismayed by the turn of events and to control the violence in the region, the Diwan declared martial law in Alleppey on 25 October 1946.
The Travancore army moved from their camp and surrounded the communists at Vayalar by 27 October.
The Travancore navy supported the army in isolating Vayalar, which is surrounded by water on three sides.
Once the blockade was in place, the army moved in.
The communists were defeated and over 470 communists were killed and rest submitted within few minutes.
When the communist front line reached the Travancore army, the army killed 470 communists while losing 40 of their men.
On the same day, at least 130 people were killed in army firings, at different places due to erupting violence in the district.
The situation had gone out of control from the hands of Diwan.
The local people and press maintain that many more people were killed and the bodies disposed by the army.
Following the suppression of the communist local governments, the Travancore police in an attempt to bring peace in the region and used strict methods to repress the political movement in the region and detained many activists without any trial temporarily to handle the situation.
In order to achieve this aggressive police response, the Diwan C. P. Ramaswami Iyer had sidelined his General Officer Commander (G.O.C.
), V.N.
Parameswaran Pillai, in favor of the Inspector General, Parthasarathy Iyengar, who shared the Diwan's views.
The G.O.C. subsequently resigned.
After effects.
The killings of communist comrades turned the Communists and even some non-communists totally against Iyer.
When, on 3 June 1947, United Kingdom accepted demands for a partition and announced its intention to quit India within a short period, the Maharaja of Travancore desired to declare himself independent.
Supported by the Diwan C.P.Ramaswami Iyer, the Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma issued a declaration of independence on 18 June 1947.
As Travancore's declaration of independence was unacceptable to India, negotiations were started with the Diwan by the Government of India.
Even Sardar Patel in presence of Mountbatten had warned Sir CP and Travancore Kingdom against the move for Independence.
Family sources indicate that C. P., himself, was not in favour of independence but only greater autonomy and that a favourable agreement had been reached between C. P. and the Indian representatives by 23 July 1947 and accession to the Indian Union could not be carried out only because it was pending approval by the Maharajah.
Nevertheless, an assassination attempt was made on C. P. by K.C.S.
Mani who was an activist of a Socialist group, on 25 July 1947 during a concert commemorating the anniversary of Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma.
Views.
Historian Manu S. Pillai described Punnapra-Vayalar as an Ezhava uprising against the Travancore Kingdom and its Nair aristocracy.
The communists who took part in Punnapra revolt were mostly coir workers of Rural Alappuzha.
They still form the backbone of Communist parties in Kerala even today.
Punnapra-Vayalar is described by Robin Jeffrey as the only moment in history when an organised working class led an armed revolt against a British-backed kingdom.
He was commander Allied Air Forces Central Europe and commander in chief United States Air Forces in Europe at Ramstein Air Base, Germany in the 1970s.
Biography.
Vogt was born on March 18, 1920, in Elizabeth, New Jersey, where he graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1938.
He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University and his Master of Arts from Columbia University.
He was also a fellow of the Harvard School for International Affairs.
In 1941 he entered the Army Air Corps as an aviation cadet and attended flying schools at Randolph Field and Ellington Field, Texas.
He received his pilot wings and commission as second lieutenant in April 1942.
From April to December 1942, he served as a fighter pilot with the 63d Fighter Squadron, 56th Fighter Group.
In January 1943 he accompanied his squadron to England and completed a combat tour of duty as a flight commander.
In May 1944 he became commander of the 360th Fighter Squadron, 356th Fighter Group, and completed a second combat tour.
He participated in the Air Offensive, Europe, and Rhineland campaigns and the Normandy Invasion.
He destroyed eight enemy aircraft in aerial combat.
From November 1945 to July 1946, he served as commander of the First Air Base Squadron and Ibura Army Base at Recife, Brazil, where he remained until he returned to the United States.
After various staff assignments, he was assigned, in 1951, to the Office of the Special Assistant to the Joint Chiefs of Staff for National Security Council Affairs, where he worked with the senior staff, and later, the planning board of the National Security Council.
In August 1955 he became assistant deputy for plans and operations, Headquarters Far East Air Forces, Japan.
The following year, he was transferred to Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, as the special assistant to the chief of staff, commander in chief, Pacific.
In 1960 Vogt was assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, as deputy assistant director of plans where he functioned as the Air Force planner in the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Later, he became the assistant director of plans for joint matters, with responsibility for the preparation of Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force positions for consideration of the chief of staff.
In February 1963 he became the director of the policy planning staff, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, International Security Affairs.
In August 1965 he began a three-year tour of duty as deputy for plans and operations, Pacific Air Forces, in which capacity he participated in the planning and direction of the air campaign against North Vietnam.
He left Hawaii in June 1968 to become assistant deputy chief of staff for plans and operations, Headquarters U.S. Air Force.
In August 1969 he joined the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as director for operations (J-3).
On July 20, 1970, he became director of the Joint Staff, a position he held until April 7, 1972, when he was promoted to general.
He assumed duty as commander, Seventh Air Force (PACAF), and deputy commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, on April 10, 1972, replacing General John D. Lavelle who had been forced to resign.
Vogt was responsible for air operations in Southeast Asia for the last eighteen months of United States combat activity.
With the cease-fire in Vietnam he became the commander of the U.S. Support Activities Group in Thailand which conducted all U.S. air activities in Laos and Cambodia until U.S. combat involvement ceased in August 1973.
He became commander in chief of Pacific Air Forces on October 1, 1973, and assumed command of Allied Air Forces Central Europe and United States Air Forces in Europe in June 1974.
He is the only officer to have been commander in chief of both the U.S. Pacific and European Air Forces.
He retired from the Air Force on August 31, 1975.
He died April 16, 2010.
He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
Awards and decorations.
The village is administrated by an Elected Pradhan(As of 30 July 2021 local government elections are still to be held - Delayed because of the Coronavirus Pandemic).
This area infrastructure includes a community hall, Senior Secondary School, Primary Health Centre.
Life.
He was born in Schleswig-Holstein.
He was the brother of Christian Frederik von Holstein (1678-1747), Ditlev von Holstein (1669-1721) and Henning Christopher von Holstein (1679-1753).
In 1679 he became a page to Crown Prince Frederick and found favour, becoming a noble ("freiherr") in 1700.
He became a bailiff in Flensburg, was appointed Privy council ("Geheimrat") in 1703 and held this office for a number of years.
Ulrik Adolf Holstein acquired the Barony of Fuirendal in 1700.
In 1707, he also acquired Holsteinborg and Snedinge manors.
Holstein was created Count of Holsteinborg in 1708.
In 1718 he was one of the officials advised King Frederick IV of Denmark.
He was sent on a diplomatic mission to England in 1718.
Holstein was given a seat in the Council in 1719.
In 1721, and Holstein was appointed Grand Chancellor.
He was removed from office on the King's death in 1730.
Sights include the "Duomo" (Cathedral), a synagogue re-consecrated in 1559.
Famous for their unique performances, the band was formed in 2005.
The artists going by the stage names Qrea Nippple, Yuka Nippple and Nabe Nippple do the singing and dancing.
The Australians Joseph No and Jimi Mased perform on keyboards, synthesizers, guitar, bass and laptop.
American Eddie Clay plays the drums.
Aaru Pushpangal () is a 1977 Indian Tamil-language film directed by K. M. Balakrishnan.
It stars Rajinikanth, Vijayakumar and Srividya, with Y. Vijaya, Pandari Bai, S. V. Sahasranamam, Suruli Rajan and Manorama in supporting roles.
It was released 10 November 1977.
Production.
"Aaru Pushpangal" is the first film where Rajinikanth and Vijayakumar acted together.
Soundtrack.
The soundtrack was composed by M. S. Viswanathan.
, commonly referred to as , is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by two people under the pseudonym Nico Tanigawa.
It began serialization on Square Enix's "Gangan Online" service in August 2011 and is published by Yen Press in North America.
A 4-panel spin-off manga was serialized in "Gangan Joker" between January 2013 and July 2015.
An anime television adaptation by Silver Link aired in Japan between July and September 2013.
Plot.
Fifteen-year-old otaku Tomoko Kuroki believed that she would become popular upon entering high school due to her experience with otome games.
In reality, she finds that she has become an unsociable loner, though she still forces herself to try out what she has learned about achieving popularity.
As she progresses through high school, Tomoko attempts to improve her social status among her peers.
Media.
Manga.
Written by two people under the pseudonym Nico Tanigawa, "WataMote" began serialization on Square Enix's "Gangan Online" service on August 4, 2011.
An anthology was released on June 22, 2013.
As of July 2013, the series has printed over 1.5 million copies.
The manga gained popularity overseas after fan translations of the series were posted on the English-speaking imageboard 4chan, the Western equivalent of Japan's Futaba Channel.
Yen Press has licensed the manga in North America and the UK, and began releasing the series from October 29, 2013.
A spin-off 4-panel manga series, , known as for short, ran in Square Enix's "Gangan Joker" magazine between January 22, 2013 and July 22, 2015, and was released on August 22, 2015.
A novel anthology written by Nico Tanigawa, Masaki Tsuji, Yugo Aosaki, Sako Aizawa and Van Madoy was released on November 15, 2019.
David Saint (born June 1958 in Boston, Massachusetts, US) is an American artistic director at the George Street Playhouse in New Brunswick, New Jersey, US.
Career.
Saint's time in New Brunswick has been marked by collaborations with such artists as Uta Hagen, A.R.
Gurney, Arthur Laurents, George Grizzard', Chita Rivera, Eli Wallach, Rita Moreno, Frances Sternhagen, Anne Meara, Dan Lauria, Stephen Sondheim and Jack Klugman.
Recent credits include the national tour of "West Side Story", A.R.
Gurney's new play "The Fourth Wall" at Primary Stages, starring Sandy Duncan, as well as the world premiere of Mark St. Germain's "The God Committee" at Barrington Stage.
Other regional credits include Manhattan Theatre Club, Playwrights Horizons, McCarter Theatre, Long Wharf Theatre, Williamstown Theatre Festival, Paper Mill Playhouse, Bay Street Theatre, Walnut Street Theatre and Seattle Repertory Theatre, where he was associate artistic director to Daniel Sullivan, directing many productions including the West Coast premiere of Wendy Wasserstein's "An American Daughter".
Saint was recently a panelist for the Philadelphia Theatre Initiative for the Pew Charitable Trust, has taught at Bennington College, and directed the short film "Celebrity".
He is the recipient of the Alan Schneider Award, Helen Hayes Award, Los Angeles Drama Critics Award, and several Drama-Logue Awards.
The SR-25 (Stoner Rifle-25) is a designated marksman rifle and semi-automatic sniper rifle designed by Eugene Stoner and manufactured by Knight's Armament Company.
The SR-25 uses a rotating bolt and a direct impingement gas system.
The heavy barrel is free-floating, so handguards are attached to the front of the receiver and do not touch the barrel.
History.
In the late 1950s, Eugene Stoner designed the AR-10 battle rifle to equip U.S. troops.
It was accurate for an auto-loading rifle, but it lost the competition to the M14 rifle.
The patent rights for the AR-10 and the AR-15 were sold to Colt's Manufacturing Company.
Colt focused on the AR-15, giving others the ability to capitalize on the AR-10 system.
In the early 1990s, Stoner joined Knight's Armament Company.
He continued his AR-10 design work and joined it with the direct gas system of the AR-15.
The result was the SR-25 (adding together the numbers of the AR-10 and AR-15) which improved the AR-10 design with M16A2 advancements and parts commonality.
The original SR-25 was released in the early 1990s and had a heavy free-floating match grade barrel with a fiberglass handguard.
It had a flat top upper receiver with a Mil-Std 1913 rail for mounting optics and a 2-stage match grade trigger.
The bolt carrier was similar to the AR-10's, being chrome plated and having a captive firing pin retainer pin.
The SR-25 was designed specifically to fire open-tip match cartridges.
Accuracy was guaranteed at or under 1 minute of angle.
At first, AR-10 type 20-round magazines were used, but they were later replaced by steel 20-round magazines resembling those used by the M16.
United States Special Operations Command took interest in the SR-25, particularly its high magazine capacity and faster engagement time compared to bolt-action rifles.
After some modifications, SOCOM adopted the SR-25 as the Mk 11 MOD 0 in May 2000.
An free-floating handguard rail system allowed mounting accessories.
Flip-up front sights and adjustable back-up iron sights were added, and an M16A2 stock and pistol grip were used.
Beginning in mid-2011, SOCOM began divesting the Mk 11 MOD 0 from their inventory and replacing it with the SSR Mk 20, the sniper variant of the FN SCAR.
The Mk 11 was completely replaced by 2017.
Design.
The SR-25 enhanced match rifle utilizes the newer URX II Picatinny-Weaver rail system, rather than the older Mk 11 free-floating RAS, on the top of the receiver to accept different scope mounts or a carrying handle with iron sights (front sight mounted on the rail located on the forward end of the non-modular handguard).
The match version is designed to shoot at a precision of 0.5 minutes of angle, which corresponds to groups at .
The Mk 11 system includes the rifle, 20 round box magazines, QD (Quick Detachable) scope rings, Leupold Mark 4 Mil-dot riflescope, Harris swivel-base bipod on a Knight's mount, and QD sound suppressor, which is also manufactured by Knight's Armament Co. Flip-up BUIS (Back up iron sights) are attached to the modified gas block and upper receiver.
The Mk 11 MOD 0 utilizes an Obermeyer match target barrel, along with a RAS (Rail Accessory System) fore-end made by KAC, consisting of an long match fore-end.
The aluminum fore-end makes no contact with the barrel forward of the receiver, allowing for improved accuracy.
The Mk 11 MOD 0 has an empty weight of , and an overall length of .
The civilian version, using the longer match barrel, is guaranteed to produce groupings of less than at , or 0.3 angular mil, using factory match loads.
During the Iraq War, the United States Marine Corps ordered 180 Mk 11 MOD 1 rifles which were Mk 11s equipped with the upper receiver of the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System.
The M110 upper gave the Mk 11 MOD 1 a URX modular rail system and a flash suppressor on the barrel.
These saw limited use before they were phased out when the Marines chose to purchase the Mk 11 MOD 2, which was simply the USSOCOM and U.S. Navy designation for the complete M110 rifle.
The SR-25 Enhanced Match (E.M.) Carbine is very similar to the KAC M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System, though the M110 utilizes the newer URX Rail system, a length-adjustable fixed buttstock, and an integrated flash suppressor.
Dong H. Kim, M.D. is a professor in the Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Dr. Kim is also the former chair of the department, which he led froom 2007 to 2021.
Kim is well known for his role in the surgery and recovery of Representative Gabby Giffords.
After attending college at Stanford University, he attended medical school at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Medical School.
He underwent training in general surgery at Harvard University, followed by an internship at Harvard University.
He completed his residency at UCSF and went on to a fellowship at the University of Florida.
He is board certified by the American Board of Neurological Surgery and a member of The Society of Neurological Surgeons.
Dr. Kim joined the Mischer Neuroscience Institute in October 2007, where he served as Director until 2021.
He has also held faculty and hospital appointments at Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Cornell University Medical College, The New York Hospital and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Kim's specialties and areas of interest include brain aneurysm, brain tumor, pineal gland cyst, meningioma, trigeminal neuralgia and chiari malformation.
His interest in aneurysms stems from his own family history.
Three of Kim's four grandparents died of brain hemorrhages.
Kim has been recognized by America's Top Surgeons, Marquis Who's Who and Who's Who in America.
He is the recipient of grants from the National Institutes of Health and the American Stroke Association.
Kim has authored studies in journals including Nature Genetics, Brain Research, International Journal of Cancer, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery and Genes, Chrom, Cancer.
Selected bibliography.
Kim DH, Van Ginhoven G, Milewicz DM.
Association of MMP2 and MMP9 polymorphisms with intracranial aneurysms.
J Neurosurg.
J Neurosurg.
Circulation.
In press.
Guo DC, Pannu H, Tran-Fadulu VT, Papke C, Yu RK, Avidan N, Divecha D, Scherer S, Estrera A, Safi H, Vick III GW, McConnell V, Marian AJ, Kim DH, Tung PP, Buja LM, Rama CS, Shete S, Milewicz DM.
Mutations in genes encoding smooth muscle contractile proteins, ACTA2 and MYH11, cause hyperplastic vasculomyopathy and lead to diffuse and diverse vascular diseases.
Nature Genetics.
Stroke.
Stroke.
Guo DC, Papke CL, Tran-Fadulu V, Regalado ES, Avidan N, Johnson RJ, Kim DH, Pannu H, Willing MC, Sparks E, Pyeritz RE, Singh MN, Dalman RL, Grotta JC, Marian AJ, Boerwinkle EA, Frazier LQ, LeMaire SA, Coselli JS, Estrere AL, Safi HJ, Veeraraghavan S, Munzy DM, Wheeler, DA, Willerson JT.
Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) cause coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, along with thoracic aortic disease.
Am J. Hum Genet.
Epub 2009 Apr 30.
J Med Genet.
Epub 2009 Jun 18.
He was born in British India and grew up in Saint Helier, Jersey.
He was educated at Reading School in Berkshire.
The Bobsleigh 1964 Winter Olympics events took place between 31 January and 7 February 1964 at Bob und Rodelbahn Igls, Innsbruck, Austria.
Deinopis spinosa, known generally as the ogrefaced spider or net-casting spider, is a species of ogrefaced spider in the family Deinopidae.
It is found in the United States, St. Vincent, and Venezuela.
This spider is notable for its use of a net to catch prey.
It does this by holding a small web stretched across its legs while it is suspended from a sparse web frame.
When prey approaches the spider, it lunges forward and captures the insect in its net.
In order to capture prey flying above it the spider uses a backward striking motion.
When prey is outside its field of vision this spider appears to use a sensory organ located on its front legs to sense to prey.
This sensory organ is known as the metatarsal organ.
During the day, the spider is immobile and camouflages itself on its host palm plant.
Cirrhochrista spissalis is a moth in the family Crambidae.
Northern Electric was an electricity supply and distribution company serving north east England.
History.
It had its origins as the North Eastern Electricity Board, formed as part of the nationalisation of the electricity industry by the Electricity Act 1947.
The assets of the board were transferred to Northern Electric plc in March 1990, and the company was privatised in December of the same year.
At the end of 1996 the company was acquired by American corporation, CalEnergy, which formed a subsidiary, CE Electric to manage Northern Electric.
The company was split into supply and distribution arms under the Utilities Act 2000.
In 2001, the supply business was disposed in an asset swap with npower, exchanging the North East consumer business for the distribution arm of Yorkshire Electricity.
The North East England distribution arm was retained by CE Electric, renamed Northern Electric Distribution Limited (NEDL) and merged with the newly acquired distribution arm of Yorkshire Electricity, which was renamed Yorkshire Electricity Distribution Ltd (YEDL) to form CE Electric UK.
Barry Michael Rose OBE FRAM FRSCM HonFRCO (born 24 May 1934) is a choir trainer and organist.
He is best known for founding the choir and the pattern of daily sung worship at the new Guildford Cathedral in 1961, as well as directing the music at the 1981 wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales at St Paul's Cathedral in London.
Biography.
Early life.
Born in the borough of Chingford, Essex, England, Rose grew up playing hymns on the piano at his local Sunday school, and later accompanying the choir on the harmonium at the mission church of St Anne's in Chingford Hatch.
In 1956, he joined Martindale Sidwell's choir at Hampstead Parish Church as a bass, and eighteen months later became organist and choirmaster at St Andrew's Church, Kingsbury.
While at Kingsbury, Sir Thomas Armstrong offered Rose a place at the Royal Academy of Music to study organ with C. H. Trevor.
At Guildford he founded a choir to sing the daily services, their first public appearance being the service of consecration on 17 May 1961 in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II, and Duke of Edinburgh.
The choir made several recordings in the cathedral for EMI Records, of which some were awarded platinum, gold, and silver status.
In 1971, Rose succeeded George Thalben-Ball as Religious Music Adviser to the BBC's Head of Religious Broadcasting, a post he was to hold until 1990.
In 1974, he had been invited to move to St Paul's Cathedral, London, initially as sub-organist, and in 1977 was appointed to the specially created post of Master of the Choir.
He took over those duties at the Silver Jubilee Service for Queen Elizabeth II on 3 June 1977, for which he wrote a setting of Psalm 121.
He subsequently directed the choir in their daily worship services, several state occasions, as well as a visit to the US and Canada in June 1980.
Several of the choristers also took part in the Paul McCartney song "We All Stand Together" for the animated film "Rupert and the Frog Song".
Rose left St Paul's in 1984 after a major dispute with the Dean and Chapter.
Thence, he was invited and took up the position of Master of the Choirs in The King's School, Canterbury.
His last cathedral post was in 1988, as Master of the Music at the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban, from which he retired on Christmas Day 1997.
During his tenure there, the choir recorded and broadcast regularly and toured the USA five times in the space of nine years.
In 1997, with his spouse and three offspring, Rose moved to the village of Draycott in Somerset, from where he has continued his musical work, mainly with choirs in the United States, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
He also finds time to indulge his passion in collecting and restoring vintage fountain pens.
The 1962 Holy Cross Crusaders baseball team represented the College of the Holy Cross in the 1962 NCAA University Division baseball season.
The Crusaders played their home games at Fitton Field.
The team was coached by Albert Riopel in his 2nd year as head coach at Holy Cross.
The Crusaders won the District I playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Santa Clara Broncos.
Schedule.
These are the official results of the Women's Long Jump event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 6 and 7 September 1982.
Results.
Final.
According to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.
The Waiaua River is a river of the Taranaki Region of New Zealand's North Island.
It was described by Alfred William Alcock in 1894, originally under the genus "Congromuraena".
It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the Bay of Bengal, in the western Indian Ocean.
Trechus alpicola is a species in the beetle family Carabidae.
It is found in Europe.
This species is sometimes placed under the genus "Epaphius ".
Demographics.
Athletics.
The Port Huron Northern Huskies colors are blue and gold.
They compete in the Macomb Area Conference.
Performing arts center.
The school auditorium was rebuilt in 2005 and rededicated as a performing arts center.
The performing arts center is almost identical to the one at Port Huron High School, but the interior colors are different.
Andrew Thomas Blades, (born 4 June 1967), was a rugby union player for Australia from 1992 to 1999.
Andrew was first chosen for the Wallabies match 22 in 1992 against the All Blacks but did not get on the field.
Later that year he toured with the Wallabies to South Africa and the United Kingdom playing in non-test matches.
His first Test Cap was not achieved until 1996 against Scotland.
His last game for Australia was their victory over France in final of the 1999 Rugby World Cup.
After retiring from playing he became a coach, leading the Newcastle Falcons for two years before becoming the forwards coach for the Wallabies.
Nayan Dilip Doshi (born 6 October 1978, Nottingham) is an English cricketer, who was released by Derbyshire.
He is the son of Dilip Doshi, who is a former Indian Test bowler.
Doshi, a left arm spin bowler, first played for Surrey in June 2004, after already playing for the Indian side Saurashtra in the Ranji Trophy.
At the end of the 2006 cricket season, Doshi signed a two-year contract with Surrey, which was to end after the 2008 season.
On 19 July 2007, Surrey announced that this contract had been terminated at Doshi's request.
Doshi then signed a short-term deal with Warwickshire until the end of the 2007 season.
Doshi was due to make his debut in Warwickshire's County Championship match against Sussex on 8 August that year.
However, he was unable to do so owing to confusion surrounding the registration process.
Doshi was the first bowler in the Twenty20 Cup to take a hat-trick and still finish on the losing side.
Cancioneiro musical da Biblioteca Nacional or simply Cancioneiro de Lisboa is the name given to the manuscript CIC 60 which is kept in the Portuguese National Library, in Lisbon.
It was produced between 1530 and 1550 and contains 72 folios sized 96x146 mm each.
The current cover is from the 17th century.
Some of the folios have suffered corrosion from the ink and the music in them can't be completely recovered.
Trudge is an EP by the American post-punk band Savage Republic, released in 1985 on PIAS Recordings.
It has been reissued, since 1990, accompanied by "Ceremonial".
Track listing and personnel.
Non-judicial punishment (NJP) is a disciplinary measure that may be applied to individual military personnel, without a need for a court martial or similar proceedings.
United States.
In the United States Armed Forces, non-judicial punishment is a form of military justice authorized by Article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
Its rules are further elaborated on in various branch policy as well as the Manual for Courts-Martial.
NJP permits commanders to administratively discipline troops without a court-martial.
Punishment can range from reprimand to reduction in rank, correctional custody, loss of pay, extra duty or restrictions depending on rank of the imposing officer and receiving officer.
The receipt of non-judicial punishment does not constitute a criminal conviction (it is equivalent to a civil action), but is often placed in the service record of the individual.
The process for non-judicial punishment is governed by Part V of the Manual for Courts-Martial and by each service branch's regulations.
Non-judicial punishment proceedings are known by different terms among the services.
The Navy and the Coast Guard call non-judicial punishment captain's mast or admiral's mast, depending on the rank of the commanding officer.
Hearing.
Prior to imposition of NJP, the commander will notify the accused of the commander's intention to impose punishment, the nature of the misconduct alleged, supporting evidence, and a statement of the accused's rights under the UCMJ.
All service members, except those embarked or attached to a vessel currently away from its homeport, have a right to refuse NJP and request a court-martial .
If the accused does not accept the NJP, the NJP hearing is terminated and the commander must make the decision of whether to process the service member for court-martial.
If the accused accepts NJP, he or she can choose to have a hearing or waive said right..
If a hearing proceeds, the accused may choose to be accompanied by a spokesperson.
The accused may present evidence and witnesses to the commander.
The commander must consider any information offered during the hearing, and must be personally convinced that the service member committed misconduct before imposing punishment.
Punishments.
There are three types of non-judicial punishment commonly imposed.
For example, extra duties, restriction and forfeiture of pay, and reduction in grade could be imposed.
If the member considers the punishment to be unjust or to be disproportionate to the misconduct committed, he or she may appeal the NJP to a higher authority.
This is usually the next officer in the chain of command.
Upon considering the appeal, the higher authority may set aside the NJP, decrease the severity of the punishment, or may deny the appeal.
They may not increase the severity of the punishment.
But this option exposes them to a possible criminal court conviction.
Mast.
In naval tradition, mast is the traditional location of the non-judicial hearing under which a commanding officer studies and disposes of cases involving those in his command.
In the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard, these proceedings take place under the authority of Article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ).
If the individual conducting the proceeding is either a captain, or a lower ranking officer (typically a commander or lieutenant commander) serving as commanding officer of a naval or coast guard vessel, an aviation squadron, or similar command afloat or ashore, then the proceeding is referred to as a captain's mast.
If an admiral is overseeing the mast, then the procedure is referred to as an admiral's mast or a flag mast.
Traditionally, on a naval vessel, the captain would stand at the main mast of that vessel when holding "mast".
The crew, who by custom did not speak with the captain, could speak to him directly at these times.
It could also refer to the naval punishment of tying one to a mast and lashing them with a whip.
Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 14, 1961 in the Philippines.
Incumbent President Carlos P. Garcia lost his opportunity for a second full term as President of the Philippines to Vice President President Diosdado Macapagal.
His running mate, Senator Gil J. Puyat lost to Senator Emmanuel Pelaez.
Six candidates ran for president, four of whom were "nuisance" candidates.
Brigadier Ambrose are an alternative pop band from Chatham, England.
After releasing a series of digital only singles, playing various festivals, and recording sessions for BBC Radio One at Maida Vale, the band released their debut and only album to date "Fuzzo" in early 2010 through their own Brigadier Records.
"Fuzzo" was entered into the Mercury Music Prize for 2010 but not short-listed.
The band were then inactive for several years, until regrouping in early 2015, with the single "Jambon Dandy" released in June 2015.
Formation.
Brigadier Ambrose formed in 2006 when school friends David Goggin, Matthew Boorman and Daniel Boorman began recording songs they had written at Goggin's house in Chatham.
The band was completed when Goggin met Karl Butler through a university friend, and the foursome began rehearsing and writing in a studio in Maidstone, Kent.
The first year was spent playing low key gigs in the Medway Towns, until a demo of the track "Police" made it onto Stuart Maconie's Freak Zone show on BBC 6 Music.
More airplay followed, and the year ended with Alan McGee inviting the band to play at his Death Disco club night at Notting Hill Arts Club twice in consecutive months.
Early career.
The band then spent some time recording songs with Jim Riley at his Ranscombe Studios in Rochester.
A song from these sessions, the Pavement influenced "How Popular You Are", started picking up radio on BBC Radio One in the UK and the band decided to form their own record company, Brigadier Records, to release it as a single.
The song, described by the BBC as "quirky guitar pop", was supported by Phill Jupitus and Huw Stephens and backed with a song from the same Jim Riley sessions called "Back In The Old Days".
The release saw the band's first artwork collaboration with Christoff Spurr, who has gone on to design all of the band's sleeves since.
The single proved to be a big breakthrough for the band, who were then invited to record a Maida Vale session for BBC Radio One.
Brigadier Ambrose followed this up with a small tour of England, a highlight being the a performance on the BBC Introducing stage at the Latitude Festival (travelling to which some of the band were involved in a motorway crash with a juggernaut).
The national airplay and exposure led to some discussions with some independent record companies, but the band preferred instead to continue working by themselves by releasing their own material via Brigadier Records.
They rounded off a hectic 2007 by recording and releasing another single, the chaotic "Decembered", which was nominated for single of the week on Mark Radcliffe and Stuart Maconie's BBC Radio Two show.
It was released on Brigadier Records on 10 December 2007. 2008 began with BBC Radio One including the then unreleased "Mrs Peel We're Needed" in their BBC Introducing Tips For 2008.
The song marked a change of pace for the band following their frantic opening singles and drew comparisons with the likes of Felt and Pulp.
"Mrs Peel We're Needed" was named after the tagline in the cult 1960s series "The Avengers", with lyrics celebrating John Steed (played by Patrick Macnee) and Emma Peel (played by Diana Rigg).
The single featured the suitably psychedelic-tinged "The Cut Of Your Jib" as a B-side.
The band eventually released the single in April 2008, accompanied by a tour with BBC Introducing and the fringe event of Radio 1's Big Weekend.
Brigadier Ambrose released their fourth single, "Police", on 1 September 2008, which followed on in the footsteps of the previous singles, gaining significant national airplay and positive critical acclaim.
The band then made a decision to stop performing live - their last gig of this period being at Club Fandango's 229 in London in September 2008.
"Fuzzo".
Though originally recorded in 2008 and early 2009, the band finally released their debut album "Fuzzo" on CD and digital download in February 2010.
No live shows were played in support of the album - the band largely recorded the album itself individually over a series of weekends with Jim Riley at Ranscombe Studios.
Despite the minimal publicity, the album was received well critically.
The album was entered into 2010's Mercury Music Prize but was not short-listed.
Recent activity.
After a recording hiatus of seven years, Brigadier Ambrose recorded two tracks with Jim Riley and Brendan Esmonde at Ranscombe Studios in March 2015.
The first track, "Jambon Dandy", was released on 8 June 2015, gaining airplay on various BBC radio stations in support.
Brigadier Ambrose played their first gig since 2008 at the Homespun festival in July 2015 to support the new material.
The second track recorded in March 2015, "Buoyancy Aids", was released in May 2016.
Dikenli () is a village in the Tunceli District, Tunceli Province, Turkey.
He was known for founding the Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute, and the Dixie Industrial Company in Kowaliga, Alabama.
Early life.
He was the only son, and had three sisters.
He first attended Fisk University in Nashville, and later graduated with a B.A. degree (1885) from Howard University.
Career.
After university, Benson moved back to his hometown.
With the help of his father he created the Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute in roughly 1895.
The focus of the school was to improve the lives of the local African American population living in rural Alabama.
The Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute for the Colored Race (also known as Kowaliga Industrial School, or Kowaliga School) was established in roughly 1895, the first building cornerstone was laid on August 1896, and it was incorporated in 1899.
Benson was one of many first trustees of the school, and he did a lot of national fundraising for the school and scholarships.
From 1900 until June 1915, Benson serving as the founding president to the Dixie Industrial Company, an industry-centered company designed to put his former students to work locally.
He was ousted by the stockholders, which ended in a legal battle that continued after his death.
Death and school closing.
After Benson's death in October 1915, he was buried on the grounds of the Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute.
The school he created continued for many more years after his death, educating hundreds of Black students during a place and time where this education was difficult to access.
The school closed around 1925.
The history of the Indian oil industry extends back to the period of the British Raj, at a time when petroleum first became a primary global energy source.
Colonial rule, 1858-1947.
Not explored.
The first oil production started in India in 1889 near the town of Digboi in the state of Assam.
A Small thatched structure was erected and christened "Oil well no.1" or "Discovery".
This discovery came on the heels of industrial development.
The Assam Railways and Trading Company (ARTC) had recently opened the area for trade by building a railway and later finding oil nearby.
The first well was completed in 1890 and in 1893 first refinery started at Margharita, Assam.
The Assam Oil Company was established in 1899 to oversee production.
In 1901, Digboi Refinery was commissioned supplanting the earlier refinery at Margharita.
At its peak during the Second World War the Digboi oil fields were producing 7,000 barrels per day..
In the year 1909, IBP (Indo Burmah Petroleum) was incorporated in Rangoon to explore oil wells that had been discovered in Burma and Assam.
Oil in colonial India was mostly exploited by a number of British companies with intricate alliances.
Their output began to increase during the first and second world wars to support British troops and industries in the United Kingdom.
In 1928, Asiatic Petroleum Company ( India) started cooperation with Burmah Oil Company.
This alliance led to the formation of Burmah-Shell Oil Storage and Distributing Company of India Limited.
Burmah-Shell began its operations with import and marketing of Kerosene.
On 24 January 1976, the Burmah Sell was taken over by the Government of India to form Bharat Refineries Limited.
On 1 August 1977, it was renamed as Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited.
Independence, 1947-1991.
After India won independence in 1947, the new government moved to a less exploitative system, often termed as License Raj.
In terms of economic policy this meant a far bigger role for the government and little or no role for the private sector.
This resulted in a bureaucratic system that meant a large public sector and focus on centralized planning.
The foreign companies continued to play a key role in the oil industry.
Oil India Limited was still a joint venture involving the Indian government and the British owned Burmah Oil Company (presently, BP) whilst the Indo-Stanvac Petroleum project in West Bengal was between the Indian government and the American company SOCONY-Vacuum (presently, ExxonMobil).
In October 1959 an Act of Parliament was passed which gave the state owned Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC) the powers to plan, organise, and implement programmes for the development of oil resources and the sale of petroleum products and also to perform plans sent down from central government.
In order to find the expertise necessary to reach these goals foreign experts from West Germany, Romania, the US, and the Soviet Union were brought in.
The Soviet experts were the most influential and they drew up detailed plans for further oil exploration which were to form part of the second five-year plan.
India thus adopted the Soviet model of economic development and the state continues to implement five-year plans as part of its drive towards modernity.
The increased focus on exploration resulted in the discovery of several new oil fields most notably the off-shore Bombay High field which remains by a long margin India's most productive well.
Liberalisation, 1991-present.
The bailout was done on the condition that the government initiate further reforms, thus paving the way for India's emergence as a free market economy, which would open up its markets to western companies.
The government also maintains subsidised prices.
As a net importer of oil however India faces the problem of meeting the energy demands for its rapidly expanding population and economy and to this the ONGC has pursued drilling rights in Iran and Kazakhstan and has acquired shares in exploration ventures in Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, and Sudan.
India's choice of energy partners however, most notably Iran led to concerns radiating from the US.
A key issue today is the proposed gas pipeline that will run from Turkmenistan to India through politically unstable Afghanistan and also through Pakistan.
She is known for her record-breaking race to San Francisco with the clipper "Flying Fish".
Record voyage.
The "Flying Fish" led to the equator by 4 days, but they both went round the Horn neck and neck.
Life.
Business.
Johann Heinrich Richartz took over his father's business in the leather and wild hide trade after completing an apprenticeship in Mainz, Brussels, and Antwerp.
He expanded business relations with North and South America to the point that the Cologne branch of J.H.
Richartz retired in 1851 as a "simple, sober and unpretentious" citizen.
Museum patronage.
At a meeting of the City Council of Cologne on May 3, 1854, it became known that Richartz offered "to pay the construction costs of a new municipal museum at the beginning of next year to the city treasury the sum of one hundred thousand thalers (German Silver Coin) against one deposit the annual pension of four out of a hundred."
The aim of the foundation was to include the art collection of the collector Ferdinand Franz Wallraf, which he had left to the city in 1824, in the completed municipal museum.
Further endowments followed, making the final total of his donations 277,000 thaler, more than half the museum's total construction costs.
In recognition, Frederick William IV of Prussia made him a royal Kommerzienrat and a member of the Order of the Red Eagle 3rd class, and in June 1857 the Universal Society for the Encouragement of Arts and Industry awarded him a gold medal.
He was also made an honorary member of the Academy of Arts.
Richartz died in Cologne after a brief illness shortly before the building's completion.
The building was named after Richartz's and Wallraf at its opening in 1861.
His will left another 100,000 thaler to fund a lunatic asylum on the condition that the interest for the next ten years was used as an acquisition fund for the new museum.
He also left 9,000 thaler to expand the Minoritenkirche next door to the museum, 2,500 thaler to Cologne Cathedral, and 2,000 thaler to fund a charity place at the Rheinischen Musikschule.
Like Wallraf, he was buried in the Melaten-Friedhof.
On 10 April 1900, a bronze statue of Richartz by Wilhelm Albermann was unveiled outside the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum's original site (now the Museum for Applied Arts).
Richartz's home on the Blaubach is marked by a bronze memorial tablet.
Awards and honors.
The Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) is a non-profit organisation based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
The CLD works worldwide to promote, protect, and develop those human rights that underpin democracy, including the right to information (RTI), freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom of association, and freedom of assembly.
The CLD regularly drafts and consults on legislation, conducts field research, publishes assessments and guidelines, assists with litigation, and provides training.
The CLD is a not-for-profit organization funded primarily by governments and international institutions.
The bulk of the CLD's work is done in collaboration with one or more local organizations and peer global institutions.
An example of CLD projects is its ongoing work in Myanmar.
Prior to 2021, the CLD supported the country's democratic transition, including by fostering the development of a robust and independent media sector and drafting new laws governing broadcasting, digital speech and the press.
When the military Junta conducted a coup in January 2021, the CLD pivoted, analyzing executive orders crushing media independence, access to information, freedom of expression and human rights more broadly.
The CLD regularly makes submissions to the United Nations, including to the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, on contemporary global issues.
These submissions are substantive documents, drawing on the CLD's past and ongoing work.
Past examples of submissions to the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression consider disinformation (2020) and freedom of expression in armed conflicts (2022), and a 2021 submission to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights considered the right to information.
Examples of CLD's Projects.
Assessing the Right to Information.
CLD is best known for publishing the Global Right to Information Rating, a comparative analysis of right to information laws around the world, which it developed in collaboration with Access Info Europe, along with a network of global transparency experts.
The rating provides a reliable tool for advocates, critics, legislators and journalists to measure their country's right to information laws against their neighbours, and against international standards.
Its rankings have been cited widely in international media.
Trainings on International Human Rights Law.
One CLD area of focus is the provision of trainings on international standards on freedom of expression and the right to information.
Examples include the development, in partnership with UNESCO, of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Access to Information Laws and Policies and their Implementation, an online course launched in 2022 and the Training Manual for Judges on International Standards on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, a guide to international standards on freedom of expression published in 2022 in collaboration with International Media Support, UNESCO and the Judicial Institute of Jordan.
Litigation.
CLD reports that it has been involved in litigation in different capacities, including as an amicus curiae before Constitutional Court of Colombia in a case concerning net neutrality and as the representative of a petitioner in a complaint to the UN Human Rights Committee concerning the German state of Bavaria's absence of a right to information law.
CLD's Executive Director, Toby Mendel, has also appeared as an expert witness on international standards relating to defamation before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the case of "Palacio Urrutia and Others v.
Ecuador."
Media Lawyers' Networks.
CLD, supported by the Global Media Defence Fund managed by UNESCO, has supported the development of networks of media lawyers in various countries with a goal of bringing together legal professionals with an interest in protecting media freedom and freedom of expression and fostering professional development and collaboration.
CLD has offered technical support to the development of these networks, including through providing model training materials on freedom of expression.
Myanmar's Democratic Transition.
CLD was prominently engaged in supporting Myanmar's democratic transition, including by helping to found the Myanmar Media Lawyers' Network, and through direct engagement with the government, political parties and civil society to promote understanding of human rights.
In 2015, CLD, alongside David Kaye, the UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and Myanmar's Information Minister U Ye Htut, appeared at the International Press Institute's 2015 World Congress and General Assembly to advise on the importance of expanding free expression rights in the country.
Newfoundland and Labrador's Legislative Reform.
CLD has been prominently involved in processes to improve right to information recommendations on improving Newfoundland and Labrador's right to information legislation.
This began in 2012 with the controversial adoption of Bill 29, an act which substantially weakened transparency in the province.
In response, CLD noted that they had worked in many difficult environments, including Kazakhstan, Myanmar and Somalia, but that this was the first time their integrity and professionalism had been attacked by a political leader.
Two years later, the government of Newfoundland and Labrador backed down from the Bill 29 changes and initiated a review process, in which CLD was a prominent participant, and which resulted in strong improvements to the provincial right to information legislation.
Human Rights in Indonesia.
CLD has been actively involved in advocating for the strengthening of right to information laws in Indonesia.
CLD's work here has included intervening as an amicus curiae at the Indonesian Constitutional Court, and publishing a report detailing barriers to implementation of Indonesia's access to information legislation cited by the University College of London's Constitution Unit.
CLD also participated in an International Partnership Mission to Indonesia with the aim of protecting media institutions by strengthening press freedoms and freedom of expression legislation.
He was a United Nations official and a Canadian settler of Bulgarian origin.
Biography.
Georgi Sotirov followed economics and law in Bulgaria, then emigrated to Switzerland where he married the Hungarian Irene Tordai.
He studied history and international economic relations as a post-graduate student at the University of Geneva and then received a Ph.D. in Finance from the University of Friborg in 1943.
After World War II, Sotirov remained in Switzerland where he worked at the International Red Cross and at the headquarters of the Organization of the United Nations in Geneva.
Under the auspices of the UN, Sotirov has been sent from Geneva to the headquarters in New York.
He then moved to Canada where he worked as an economist for the provincial governments of Saskatchewan and British Columbia, and later on in the field of public health.
He also worked for the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism for several years, and in his later years he was visiting Professor of Linguistics at the University of Laval.
Sotirov died on October 10, 1986 in St. Fofa, a suburb of the city of Quebec.
Despite not being a historian, Sotirov wrote several books on historical themes related to ancient and paleo-Balkan history.
His books are revisionist in character and have autochthonist inclinations, similar to the works of the controversial historian Gancho Tsenov, as Sotirov supports views similar to the ideas of Macedonist Antiquisation.
The Corolla Wild Horses Protection Act () is a bill that was introduced into the 113th United States Congress, where it passed the United States House of Representatives.
The bill would affect wild horses living in North Carolina.
Background.
The Banker horse is a breed of feral horse ("Equus ferus caballus") living on the islands of North Carolina's Outer Banks.
It is small, hardy, and has a docile temperament.
Populations are found on Ocracoke Island, Shackleford Banks, Currituck Banks, and in the Rachel Carson Estuarine Sanctuary.
These islands are offshore sediment deposits separated from the mainland by a body of water such as an estuary or sound.
Vegetation is sparse and consists mainly of coarse grasses and a few stunted trees.
Each island in the chain is separated from the next by a tidal inlet.
As a consequence of Corolla's development in the 1980s, horses on Currituck Banks came into contact with humans more frequently.
By 1989, eleven Bankers had been killed by cars on the newly constructed Highway 12.
That same year, the Corolla Wild Horse Fund, a nonprofit organization, was created to protect the horses from human interference.
As a result of its efforts, the remainder of the herd was moved to a more remote part of the island, where they were fenced into of combined federal and privately donated land.
Corolla commissioners declared the site a feral horse sanctuary.
The population is now managed by adopting out yearlings, both fillies and gelded colts.
Conflicts over the preservation of the wild horses continued into 2012.
In 2013, legislation was introduced to help preserve the herd on Carrituck.
"This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source."
The Corolla Wild Horses Protection Act would direct the United States Secretary of the Interior to enter into an agreement with the Corolla Wild Horse Fund, Currituck County, and the state of North Carolina to provide for the management of free-roaming wild horses in and around the Currituck National Wildlife Refuge.
The bill would prohibit the removal of any horse from the Seashore for introduction at the Refuge, except with the approval of the Foundation for Shackleford Horses Inc. and consistent with the memorandum of understanding between the National Park Service and the Foundation and the management plan for the Shackleford Banks Horse Herd.
Finally, the bill would prohibit anything in the bill from being construed as creating liability of the United States for any damages caused by the free-roaming wild horses to any person or property located inside or outside the boundaries of the Refuge.
Procedural history.
House.
The Corolla Wild Horses Protection Act was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on January 3, 2013, by Rep. Walter B. Jones, Jr. (R-NC).
It was referred to the United States House Committee on Natural Resources and the United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs.
It passed the House on June 3, 2013, through a voice vote.
Senate.
Sana Nuestra Tierra is the twenty-first album released by Christian singer Marcos Witt.
The album was recorded live from Houston, Texas.
This album was winner of the Latin Grammy for Best Christian album.
Palmer is an unincorporated community in Lancaster County in the U. S. state of Virginia.
Palmer is near, but not in, the flood zone.
Further down from Palmer are the flooded portions of Windmill Point.
It was once owned by a few families and was inhabited by lifelong residents.
Many houses were later bought by people new to the community.
Weekend visitors come from Northern Virginia, Richmond, Charlottesville, and Maryland.
eric is a free integrated development environment (IDE) used for computer programming.
Since it is a full featured IDE, it provides by default all necessary tools needed for the writing of code and for the professional management of a software project. eric is written in the programming language Python and its primary use is for developing software written in Python.
It is usable for development of any combination of Python 3 or Python 2, Qt 5 or Qt 4 and PyQt 5 or PyQt 4 projects, on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows platforms.
License, price and distribution. eric is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3 or later and is thereby Free Software.
This means in general terms that the source code of eric can be studied, changed and improved by anyone, that eric can be run for any purpose by anyone and that eric - and any changes or improvements that may have been made to it - can be redistributed by anyone to anyone as long as the license is not changed (copyleft). eric can be downloaded at SourceForge and installed manually with a python installer script.
Most major Linux distributions include eric in their software repositories, so when using such Linux distributions eric can be obtained and installed automatically by using the package manager of the particular distribution.
Additionally, the author offers access to the source code via a public Mercurial repository.
Characteristics. eric is written in Python and uses the PyQt Python bindings for the Qt GUI toolkit.
By design, eric acts as a front end for several programs, for example the QScintilla editor widget.
Features.
Prior to the release of eric version 5.5.0, eric version 4 and eric version 5 coexisted and were maintained simultaneously, while eric 4 was the variant for writing software in Python version 2 and eric version 5 was the variant for writing software in Python version 3.
With the release of eric version 5.5.0 both variants had been merged into one, so that all versions as of eric version 5.5.0 support writing software in Python 2 as well as in Python 3, making the separate development lanes of eric version 4 and 5 obsolete.
Those two separate development lanes are no longer maintained, and the last versions prior to merging them both to 5.5.0 were versions 4.5.25 and 5.4.7.
Releases.
Versioning scheme.
Until 2016, eric used a software versioning scheme with a three-sequence identifier, e.g.
5.0.1.
The first sequence represents the major version number which is increased when there are significant jumps in functionality, the second sequence represents the minor number, which is incremented when only some features or significant fixes have been added, and the third sequence is the revision number, which is incremented when minor bugs are fixed or minor features have been added.
From late 2016, the version numbers show the year and month of release, e.g. 16.11 for November 2016.
Release strategy. eric follows the development philosophy of "Release early, release often", following loosely a time-based release schedule.
Currently a revision version is released around the first weekend of every month, a minor version is released annually, in most cases approximately between December and February.
Version history.
The following table shows the version history of eric, starting from version 4.0.0.
Only major (e.g. 6.0.0) and minor (e.g. 6.0.1) are omitted.
Name.
Several allusions are made to the British comedy group Monty Python, which the Python programming language is named after.
Stephanie Brunner (born 20 February 1994) is an Austrian World Cup alpine ski racer.
Born in Schwaz, Tyrol, she specializes in the technical events of Slalom and Giant slalom, and made her World Cup debut on 17 March 2012.
The periodical was devoted to promoting the marginalized works of women, blue-collar, and minority poets.
Once Upon a Kiss is a 2015 Philippine television drama romance comedy series broadcast by GMA Network.
Directed by Joyce E. Bernal, it stars Bianca Umali and Miguel Tanfelix.
It premiered on January 5, 2015 on the network's Telebabad line up replacing "Strawberry Lane".
The series concluded on May 1, 2015 on with a total of 83 episodes.
It was replaced by "Let the Love Begin" in its timeslot.
Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria.
The major treponeme species of human pathogens is "Treponema pallidum", whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws.
"Treponema carateum" is the cause of pinta.
"Treponema paraluiscuniculi" is associated with syphilis in rabbits.
"Treponema succinifaciens" has been found in the gut microbiome of traditional rural human populations.
Phylogeny.
Criorhina vivida is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.
Distribution.
Sian Brice (born 2 April 1969) is a triathlete from the United Kingdom.
She was born in Leigh, Greater Manchester.
Brice competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
She was one of the three British athletes, along with Michelle Dillon and Andrew Johns, not to finish the competition.
Greektown is a general name for an ethnic enclave populated primarily by Greeks or people of Greek ancestry, usually in an urban neighborhood.
History.
The oldest Greek dominated neighborhood outside of Greece were probably the Fener in Istanbul, or the Ash Shatibi in Alexandria.
In Vienna, for many centuries, the Griechenviertel (Greek quarter) existed in the Innere Stadt (inner town).
Later the Greek community moved to other newer quarters.
A traditional Austrian restaurant there is called Griechenbeisl (Greek tavern) and a street Griechengasse (Greek lane).
It was founded by Communist Greek refugees who left Greece after the civil war, and was named after Nikos Beloyannis (Beloiannisz is the Hungarian spelling of his name).
Yaghdan, is a village in the Lori Province of Armenia.
It has a majority of Greeks.
The Alaverdi province in Armenia is mainly inhabited by ethnic Armenians with a minor Greek community that was once considered the largest in Armenia.
The Greeks in Armenia speak the Pontic dialect and they are fluent in both Armenian and Russian.
The Madan neighbourhood of Alaverdi used to have a large Greek community during the Soviet period.
Greektowns by location.
In Canada.
The following pages provide some history regarding certain Greek communities in Canada.
In the United States.
A typical housing pattern found in United States' Greektowns is to buy a multiple story dwelling, move into the lower floor and rent the upper floors to other Greeks.
The largest Greek community in the USA is located in Queens, NY.
In Australia.
The term "Greektown" is not widely used in Australia, even in areas with comparatively high levels of Greek concentration.
In the 1860s, a shanty town referred to as "Greektown" was established at Tambaroora near Bathurst in New South Wales.
In the United Kingdom.
Although in recent years, most of London's Greek and Greek-Cypriot population resides in Southgate.
Bayswater is also home to a substantial Greek community.
The Furnace is a lost 1920 American silent drama film directed by William Desmond Taylor, written by Julia Crawford Ivers based upon the 1920 novel of the same name by Leslie Beresford.
Hasmizan Bin Kamarodin (born 24 January 1984, in Besut) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a centre-back and former Malaysia national team player.
Club career.
Kelantan FA.
In December 2016, Hasmizan signed with east coast team, Kelantan FA after 6 years playing for his hometown team, Terengganu FA.
On 22 February 2017, Hasmizan made his debut during postponed match against Melaka United in Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium.
He played side by side with Gambian Mamadou Danso as a left centre-back.
International career.
However, Hasmizan has had to withdraw and miss the chance of earning his first-ever international cap due to a hamstring injury picked up in the Malaysia Cup match against Pahang FA.
Career statistics.
Club statistics.
William d'Aubigny (died 1139), sometimes William de Albini, was an Anglo-French baron and administrator who served successive kings of England and acquired large estates in Norfolk.
From his title of Butler ("pincerna" in medieval Latin) to King Henry I of England, he was called William d'Aubigny Pincerna to distinguish him from other men of the same name.
Origins.
Career.
Not mentioned as a landholder in the 1086 Domesday Book, he was associated with King William II of England by 1091 and in that decade is recorded as an important landholder in the county of Norfolk.
His involvement in central government increased after 1100, when Henry I became king of England.
In 1101 he was a witness to the treaty in which Robert II, Count of Flanders pledged military support to Henry and is named there as "pincerna", evidence that he was one of the chief officers of the royal household.
As part of the king's court, he travelled with him and spent about a quarter of his time in Normandy rather than England.
By 1130 he was also a royal judge, hearing cases in Essex and in Lincolnshire.
His Norfolk estates grew over the years, until in 1135 he had 22 knights holding lands in his barony there, and he also had lands in Kent.
At Old Buckenham, the first castle was probably built in his time, as was the nave of Wymondham Priory, now part of the parish church, which he founded in 1107.
He was also a benefactor to his father-in-law's foundation of Thetford Priory and, in Normandy, to the Benedictine abbey of Lessay that his father had supported.
When Stephen became king in 1135, William initially retained his place at court, but had died by June 1139, and was buried at Wymondham.
Founder of Wymondham Priory.
In or before 1107, William d'Aubigny, founded the Priory of Wymondham in Norfolk as a subordinate cell to the Monastery of St. Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire, and it continued as such until 1448, when it was converted into an independent abbey by a bull of Pope Nicholas V. Its original foundation occurred during the tenure of William's uncle, Richard d'Aubigny, Abbot of St. Albans from 1097 until his death in 1119.
His teachers were Gilardo Gilardi, Alberto Ginastera, Floro Ugarte, and Juan Giaccobbe, and he was instructed in conducting by Mariano Drago.
Juan Carlos Zorzi has been the principal director of the Symphony Orchestra of the National University of Cuyo, the Symphony Orchestra of Cordoba, the Symphony Orchestra of the University of Tucuman, and the National Symphony and Philharmonic of Chile.
He served as Resident Director of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Bogota for two consecutive seasons and was the Provincial Director of the Rosario Symphony Orchestra from 1977 to 1990.
In 1999, Zorzi received the Konex Award for being considered one of the five best conductors in the history of Argentina.
He died at the age of 63 as a result of esophageal cancer.
National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a large facility program operated by Battelle Memorial Institute and funded by the National Science Foundation.
In full operation since 2019, NEON gathers and provides long-term, standardized data on ecological responses of the biosphere to changes in land use and climate, and on feedback with the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
NEON is a continental-scale research platform for understanding how and why our ecosystems are changing.
Vision and mission.
The vision for NEON is to guide global understanding and decisions in a changing environment with scientific information about continental-scale ecology through integrated observations, experiments and forecasts.
NEON collects ecological and climatic observations across the continental United States, including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico.
The observatory is among the first to detect and enable forecasting of ecological change at continental scales over multiple decades.
NEON has partitioned the United States into 20 ecoclimatic domains, each of which represents different regions of vegetation, landforms, climate, and ecosystem performance.
Data is collected by field technicians and passive sensors at strategically selected sites within each domain and synthesized into information products that can be used to describe changes in the nation's ecosystem through space and time.
NEON data products are freely available via a web portal.
Purpose and function.
Science.
The data NEON collects are defined by a series of Grand Challenges, as identified by the National Research Council at the request of the National Science Foundation.
Obtaining integrated data on these relationships over a long-term period is crucial to improving forecast models and resource management for environmental change.
NEON will transform ecological research by enabling studies on major environmental challenges at regional to continental scales.
Scientists and engineers will use NEON to conduct real-time ecological studies spanning all levels of biological organization and temporal and geographical scales.
NSF disciplinary and multi-disciplinary programs will support NEON research projects and educational activities.
The data and information products that NEON collects and provides is readily available to scientists, educators, students, decision makers and the public to use to understand and address ecological questions and issues.
Data is provided as meaningful information and learning tools that engage many audiences, including members of underserved communities, and promote broad ecological literacy.
History.
NEON was initially conceived in 2000, with a preliminary plan being developed in 2006.
The National Science Foundation, the National Science Board and Congress approved funding for NEON in 2011.
Beginning in 2011, NEON, Inc., the entity in charge of initially running the NEON project, was audited by the Defense Contract Audit Agency on behalf of the National Science Foundation Office of the Inspector General.
Auditor-in-Charge J. Kirk McGill determined that NEON, Inc. had poor control over taxpayer funds and could easily go over budget with little or no warning.
He also found that NEON, Inc. had spent taxpayer funds on illegal expenditures including alcohol, lobbying, parties, and luxury travel.
When McGill's findings were not addressed by senior DCAA management, he disclosed the matter directly to Congress.
On December 3, 2014 a hearing on the matter was held before the United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology.
A second hearing was held on February 3, 2015.
In April 2015 the Office of Management and Budget ordered all departments and agencies not to use "management fees" to pay for illegal expenditures.
On September 18, 2015, a third hearing was held.
The Committee ultimately substantiated McGill's allegations towards NEON, Inc. and on December 11, 2015, NEON, Inc. was fired from the project.
This represents one of the largest Federal agreement terminations for cause in history.
The NSF chose Battelle in March 2016 to complete the construction of the Observatory in place of NEON, Inc.
The program was fully operational in 2019.
Layout.
Airborne observations.
NEON takes airborne photography and performs aerial LiDAR observations of the sites being studied.
This is accomplished by slow flying aircraft surveying at 1,000 meters above the ground.
Aquatic sites.
Aquatic site sampling depends on the type of environment, varying between streams, rivers, and lakes.
Automated sensors assess water quality and depth and manual observations study organisms, biogeochemistry, hydrology, and morphology.
Terrestrial sites.
Each terrestrial site studied by NEON includes 30 randomly distributed plots.
Each terrestrial site is outfitted with soil sensor arrays and a tower mounted with sensory equipment.
Towers are built to extend above the vegetation canopy and take measurements such as on air quality, carbon dioxide flux, temperature, and atmospheric pressure.
Additional sampling plots are located within the airshed of the tower.
Locations.
Sites are organized within 20 separate ecoclimatic domains throughout the United States.
They are divided by terrestrial and aquatic sampling.
References.
Location and description.
The islands constituting this ecoregion share a long history of isolation, both from other landmasses and each other.
The isolation, combined with harsh climates characterised by low temperatures, strong westerly winds and few hours of sunlight in winter, have resulted in the evolution of many endemic plants and animals, though species richness is relatively low.
Wind speeds reach an average of while even in summer the thick cloud cover prevents much sunlight from penetrating.
The Bounty Islands are small granite rocks (with a maximum height of ), while the small Antipodes Islands group (maximum height 366 m), the largest group the Auckland Islands () and Campbell Island () are volcanic in origin.
Macquarie Island () is the furthest south and the coldest.
Where present, soils are mainly boggy peats, up to deep in flat areas.
None of the islands are inhabited although there are ongoing research projects including a permanent base of the Australian Antarctic Division on Macquarie Island.
Flora.
The islands represent a transition zone between the Antarctic to the south and temperate climates to the north.
Individual species include many endemics, such as a "Cyathea" tree fern, which are not found any further south in the world, along with others that also occur in New Zealand and further north.
Macquarie Island, being colder (average annual temperature ), does not sustain any wooded plants, while the small Bounty Islands lack soils and their flora is largely restricted to algae and lichens on the rocks.
The islands are home to a number of rare plants, including a unique genus, the Auckland Island "Pleurophyllum", and the only subantarctic orchids, "Corybas dienemus" and "Corybas sulcatus" of Macquarie Island.
Fauna.
There are no native land mammals, nor amphibians or reptiles.
There are also large numbers of breeding penguins and other seabirds, including almost half of the world's species of albatross, especially the world's only breeding colonies of the Antipodean albatross ("Diomedea exulans antipodensis"), southern royal albatross ("Diomedea epomophora epomophora"), Campbell albatross ("Thalassarche impavida"), white-capped albatross ("Thalassarche steadi"), and Salvin's albatross ("Thalassarche salvini").
The large colonies of Salvin's albatross on the Bounty Islands build nests of feathers as there is no vegetation to use.
There are also isolated populations of land birds that have presumably settled here, having been blown off course by ocean winds.
Similarly, a high proportion of the Lepidoptera and other insects of the islands have evolved into unique endemic species.
A number of species have disappeared since the islands were discovered by humans, including the Macquarie Island rail and the Macquarie Island parakeet.
Threats and preservation.
Although the islands have been partially occupied at various times the habitats remain largely unspoilt.
However, introduced animals prey on native wildlife and graze on the plant cover while both mammals and seabirds are vulnerable to entanglement in deep-sea fishing equipment.
Longline fishing for tuna and trawling for squid are particularly damaging.
Current predators on the islands include rats and cats which are being systematically removed while cautionary procedures have been implemented to prevent more alien species from establishing.
All cats have now been removed from Macquarie Island and there appears to have been an immediate increase in some seabird populations.
All of the islands are nature reserves, World Heritage Sites and (except for the Bounty Islands) a Centre of Plant Diversity.
This is a list of albums that reached number-one on the Irish Independent Albums Chart in 2014.
Empress Yin (, personal name unknown) (80?
She was Emperor He's first wife.
She was a daughter of Yin Gang (), a grandson of Emperor Guangwu's wife Empress Yin Lihua's brother Yin Shi ().
She became an imperial consort in 92 and quickly became a favorite of Emperor He.
She was described as beautiful but short and clumsy, and often unable to carry out the ceremonies that empresses are to perform with physical grace.
She was also described as arrogant due to her noble heritage.
On 31 March 96, Emperor He made her empress.
In 97, he gave her father, Yin Gang, the title of the Marquess of Wufang.
As the years went by, Empress Yin began to lose Emperor He's favor, particularly because she was jealous of another favorite of his, Consort Deng Sui, who came from a noble lineage herself (She was the granddaughter of Emperor Guangwu's prime minister Deng Yu).
Compared to Empress Yin's arrogance, Consort Deng was described as humble and always trying to maintain peaceful relations with other consorts and ladies in waiting.
She, concerned that Emperor He was continually losing sons in young age, often would recommend other consorts for Emperor He to have sexual relations with, while Empress Yin did not.
She therefore became more and more popular.
However, the emperor did soon recover, so Consort Deng and her family escaped a terrible fate.
In 102, Empress Yin and her grandmother, Deng Zhu (), were accused of using witchcraft to curse imperial consorts (probably including Consort Deng).
Lady Deng and her sons, as well as Empress Yin's brother Yin Fu (), died under interrogation and torture.
Empress Yin was deposed on 24 July, and her father Yin Gang () committed suicide.
The rest of her family was exiled.
She herself died later that year.
After she was deposed, Consort Deng was created empress to replace her.
He represented Northumberland West in the House of Commons of Canada from 1874 to 1878 as a Liberal member and served in the Senate of Canada from 1899 to 1906.
He was born in Ameliasburg, Upper Canada in 1836, the son of Francis William Kerr, an Irish immigrant, and Olive Shelley, and was educated at Victoria University in Cobourg.
Kerr later served as a member of the University's senate and as its bursar.
He was called to the bar in 1859 and set up practice in Cobourg.
Kerr served on the town council for Cobourg and was mayor from 1867 to 1873.
After his re-election in 1874, he was unseated on appeal but won the subsequent by-election.
He was made a Queen's Counsel in 1876.
He ran unsuccessfully for the federal seat in 1878 and 1882.
Kerr was named to the Senate in 1899 and died in office in 1906 in Toronto, Ontario.
Prednisolone acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester.
It is the 21-acetate ester of prednisolone.
Safety.
Effects may present delayed.
Target organs include adrenal cortex, bones, and eyes.
It is also a known teratogen.
Class B PPE should be worn when working with this chemical.
Any contact with this chemical should be taken seriously and the affected person taken to the hospital.
Overdose.
Symptoms of overdose may include altered mental status with psychosis, burning or itching skin, seizures, deafness, depression, dry skin, heart rhythm disturbances, hypertension, increase appetite, increased infection risk, muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting, nervousness, sleepiness, stopping of menstrual cycle, swelling in lower legs, weak bones, weakness, and worsening of health conditions.
Most common route of overdose is via ingestion.
Treatment may involve IV fluids, activated carbon, laxativea, breathing support and additional medications to alleviate symptoms.
Physical properties.
Material is a white powder in its pure form.
Good solubility in Chloroform, Methanol, and Ethanol.
Krymskaya () is a passenger station on the Moscow Central Circle, located on the 31st kilometer of the Little Ring of Moscow Railway.
Charnock Richard Services is a motorway service area between Junctions 27 and 28 of the M6 in England.
The services are in the Lancashire borough of Chorley and were the first on the M6 when they opened in 1963.
Originally operated by Trust House Forte, the services are currently operated by Welcome Break.
History.
In August 1961 the contract was awarded to Motorway Services, owned by Blue Star Garages and Forte.
The nearby 29 mile section of M6 opened Monday 29 July 1963.
It was the first motorway service area to have a bridge over the motorway.
Design.
The services complex was designed by Terence Verity of Verity Associates.
The fast-food restaurants are located on the bridge over the motorway, rather than restaurants on each side.
The bridge restaurant, which had been converted to a Little Chef, was removed in the late 1990s and replaced with Burger King and KFC units at opposite ends of the bridge with a seating area in the middle.
This layout remains the same today.
The southbound side has an unusual layout for motorway service areas in the UK, insofar as the fuel forecourt is sited at the top of the entry slip road, on arrival at the complex.
The more commonly used layout places the fuel forecourt as the last facility before motorists rejoin the motorway.
The design of motorway service areas was still experimental at the time the site was built in the early 1960s, and this arrangement was not repeated.
Satisfaction.
He served in the position for 48 years from 1946 to 1995, having been elected to 24 consecutive two-year terms in office.
On May 30, 1987, Rodgers earned a place in the "Guinness Book of World Records" when he surpassed by a single day Mayor Erastus Corning II of Albany, New York, who died in office in 1983 after having served 40 years, 4 months and 28 days in office.
The town marked the occasion by closing municipal offices in the mayor's honor and by letting students in the Harrison Public Schools have a day off.
However, Mayor Hilmar Moore of Richmond, Texas, served a much longer span of 63 years in office until he died in 2012.
Biography.
He was born in Harrison on November 15, 1909, to Michael Rodgers and Johanna Davin, and attended St. Benedict's Preparatory School in Newark.
Rodgers ran for the Harrison Town Council for the first time in 1935, and served there for ten years, including a term when he was re-elected to the office while serving 27 months in the United States Army during World War II in the Counterintelligence Corps.
Rodgers defeated incumbent Frederick J. Gassert in his first bid for the mayoralty, a candidate backed by Jersey City Mayor Frank Hague's Hudson County Democratic Party machine.
Over his years in office, Rodgers had served as Town Clerk, as County Clerk, as a member of the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders and as the Board's clerk.
He served two terms in the New Jersey Senate, from 1978 to 1984, defeating Independent incumbent Anthony Imperiale.
Rodgers served on numerous state authorities and commissions, including being appointed secretary of the New Jersey Racing Commission by Governor Richard J. Hughes in 1963, to the New Jersey Highway Authority in 1976 by Governor Brendan Byrne, and to the New Jersey Turnpike Authority by Republican Governor Thomas Kean in 1984.
Rodgers won his final election campaign in November 1992 by a narrow 111 vote margin out of 3,600 votes cast, in this heavily-Democratic community, having been unable to campaign due to a chronic knee injury.
Rodgers cited the injury and his desire to allow a younger generation to serve in office as his justification for declining to run for a 25th term in office.
He was succeeded by Raymond J. McDonough.
He maintained his position as chairman of the Harrison Democratic Committee after leaving office in 1995.
Rodgers was inducted into the Mayors' Hall of Fame in 1995 by the New Jersey State League of Municipalities, having been the prime proponent for the creation of the hall during his tenure with the organization.
It is single-track and standard gauge, and was originally long, connecting the main "Remsbahn" line at Schorndorf to Welzheim.
Today it is operated in two sections, with the first from Schorndorf to Rudersberg served by a regular passenger service, whilst the final forms a steam operated heritage railway.
The "Wieslauftalbahn" is owned by the Zweckverbandes Verkehrsverband Wieslauftalbahn.
Passenger services on the Rudersberg to Welzheim section of the "Wieslauftalbahn" use a fleet of 6 single unit railcars.
Of these, 2 are Stadler Regio-Shuttle RS1 units with a partial low floor, whilst the remaining 4 units are high floor NE 81 vehicles.
The typical service pattern consists of either one or two trains an hour, depending on the day and time of day, with each train taking 20 minutes for its journey.
There is no service on Sundays.
Steam operated passenger services operate only on selected days, mostly summer Sundays.
Trains operate over the full length of the "Wieslauftalbahn", from Schorndorf to Welzheim.
Newbury College was a private college in Brookline, Massachusetts, originally founded in 1962.
The college was accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC) but was placed on probation in June 2018, when its worsening financial standing was determined to pose a potential violation of NEASC's accreditation requirements.
Lasell University was named as Newbury's institution of record and provides enrollment verifications and copies of transcripts for Newbury students, though Lasell does not possess archival material from Newbury.
History.
Newbury College was founded in 1962 on Newbury Street in Boston's Back Bay.
It was founded as the Newbury School of Business by entrepreneur and educator Edward J. Tassinari.
Tassinari's goal in establishing this institution was to help supply local Boston businesses with competent and educated employees.
In the 1960s as the college began to expand, it acquired dormitories on Commonwealth Avenue.
In 1968, the Newbury School of Business relocated to Boylston Street, at the former location of Bentley College.
Shortly thereafter, in 1971, the school changed its status from a school of business to a junior college.
It then began granting associate degrees and officially changed its name to Newbury Junior College.
In 1973, the school became one of the first colleges in the region to establish satellite campuses.
In 1982, the college purchased and began relocating to the former campus of Cardinal Cushing College in Brookline.
As the college acquired buildings in the surrounding area, the satellite campuses began to close, consolidating into the main campus.
The school changed its name to Newbury College in 1985, and in 1994, it became a baccalaureate college, offering both associate and bachelor degrees on its Brookline campus.
In the fall of 2015, Newbury renovated the college's library into a 16,000-square-foot "Student Success Center," the campus' first major construction project in more than 20 years.
In December 2018, the college announced it would close at the end of the spring 2019 semester, following several years of declining enrollment.
Campus.
Newbury was situated from downtown Boston in the Fisher Hill neighborhood of Brookline, Massachusetts.
The campus consisted of eight buildings, many of which were formerly private residences.
Academics.
Newbury was a liberal arts college accredited by the Commission on Institution of Higher Education (CIHE) of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), and subsequently by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE).
Enrollment and endowment.
This decline was due to the closing of the 15 extension sites, eliminating certificate programs, and concentrating on a baccalaureate degree program, with fewer associate's degrees.
Newbury responded by focusing on "practical" majors, such as hospitality, criminal justice, and business.
The college also partnered with Regis College in Weston, allowing students to start a master's degree at Regis during their senior year at Newbury.
The average discount at the college was 52 percent.
During the summer of 2018, the college was placed on probation by its accreditor, the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education at the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, over concerns about its finances.
Athletics.
Newbury College was a member of Division III of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
He was part of the Argentina men's national volleyball team.
Praise the Fallen (also known as PTF2012) is the second studio album by the alternative electronic band VNV Nation, released in 1998.
The Jacksonville Water Taxi, or Jacksonville River Taxi, is a water taxi service in Jacksonville, Florida.
Established in 1987, it ferries passengers across the St. Johns River between the Northbank and Southbank of Downtown Jacksonville.
Stops are located along the Riverwalks.
In , the system had a ridership of , or about per day as of .
History.
Water taxi service in Downtown Jacksonville began in 1987, with the opening of the Jacksonville Landing, a riverfront shopping and entertainment center.
In the early years, a variety of companies ran water taxis out of the Landing, with the City of Jacksonville allowing any operator who passed the minimum U.S. Coast Guard safety regulations to start a water taxi business.
This led to fierce competition during peak times and inconsistent service, with captains ignoring city regulations on routes and use of the stops to fight each other for customers.
Eventually, the Jacksonville City Council Waterways Commission stepped in to demand improved service.
Ultimately, in 2002, the City of Jacksonville adopted new regulations governing the Jacksonville Water Taxi, awarding a contract to a single operator who adheres to a consistent route and schedule.
The Jacksonville Water Taxi experienced a stoppage of service in 2014 when the City of Jacksonville failed to renew the operator's contract.
The city's attempts to purchase and operate boats failed to come together.
The city negotiated a new contract with Lakeshore Marine in April 2015.
Operation.
In October 2015, Lakeshore Marine operated four boats, two seating 100, one seating 60 and one seating 50.
The show includes market coverage, current events coverage, and interviews and commentary with Wall Street experts.
Audience.
Guests.
Over the years, many other well-known political figures and celebrities have appeared regularly on the show.
Steed Claude Malbranque (born 6 January 1980) is a French former professional footballer.
Malbranque started his professional career with Olympique Lyonnais, before moving to England in 2001, where he had spells with Fulham, Tottenham Hotspur and Sunderland.
In 2012, he joined Lyon for the second time.
He principally played as a winger or attacking midfielder.
During his second spell at Lyon he also played as a central midfielder.
Club career.
Lyon.
He was a trainee at Lyon youth academy between 1995 and 1997, during which time he won the Under-15 championship twice, the Under-17 Cup and the reserve team championship.
He also captained the French Under-18 side.
He went on to play a total of 96 games for the club, which included 12 appearances and two goals in the Champions League and seven appearances in the UEFA Cup.
Malbranque was an unused substitute in the final as Lyon won the 2001 French Coupe de la Ligue.
He rejected the move as he felt he was not ready to play in the Premier League.
Fulham.
He went on to score 10 goals in his first season.
As a result, making an impressive display in his first season at Fulham, Malbranque was described by Christian Damiano, who has kept track of Malbranque's development since he was 13-year-old, as "the number 10 position that Zidane excels at Fulham".
He was the top scorer that season with 13 goals that helped save Fulham from relegation.
During the same month, Malbranque would sign a new four-year contract to keep him at Craven Cottage until 2007.
On 13 May 2006, after extensive contract talks with the club failed, Malbranque was placed on the transfer list at Fulham after he declared his intention to leave at the end of his contract.
Tottenham Hotspur.
He had been unable to play earlier than that after a non-essential groin operation.
Malbranque became a fan favourite at Tottenham because of his strong work ethic.
He scored Tottenham's 150th goal in European competition with his goal in the second leg of the UEFA Cup last 16 against Sporting Braga on 14 March 2007 at White Hart Lane.
On 12 April 2007, during the second leg of the UEFA Cup quarter-final against defending champions Sevilla, Malbranque famously scored an anomalous own goal.
A Sevilla corner was met with a header from Christian Poulsen.
The ball appeared to be going wide of the goal until Malbranque took a wild lash at the ball to clear it and keep it in play.
The ball was sliced backwards into Spurs' own net.
He started for Spurs as they won the 2008 Football League Cup Final against Chelsea.
Sunderland.
Malbranque followed teammates Pascal Chimbonda and Teemu Tainio to Sunderland.
Malbranque signed a four-year contract on 30 July 2008.
He scored his second Sunderland goal in their FA Cup third round victory over non-league Barrow.
His run of form helped Sunderland climb the table after a positive streak of results mid-season.
He featured in Sunderland's early seven match unbeaten run, which included games against Manchester City, Arsenal, Liverpool and Manchester United.
On 1 February 2011, he made his 100th appearance for Sunderland playing against Chelsea at the Stadium of Light.
His manager at Sunderland, Steve Bruce, stated he was surplus to requirements, and it was also revealed his transfer would free up funds for new summer signings as well as cut their wage bill.
A month after joining, rumours circulated that Malbranque had asked to be released from his contract due his son being ill with cancer.
Steed does not have a son and his immediate family are all in good health.
Steed does not know the origin of these stories but would like to stress that they are without merit.
He trusts that they will now cease immediately."
There was another circulated that Malbranque would consider retirement, something that denied by Malbranque himself.
Return to Lyon.
On 2 August 2012, it was confirmed by Malbranque's first club Lyon that he was being taken on trial with the view to a permanent contract.
On 25 August 2012 Malbranque signed a one-year contract with Lyon after spending three weeks with the club.
During the same month, Malbranque would sign a new contract with the club, which will keep him until 2014.
Caen.
On 17 June 2016, Malbranque signed for Caen as a free agent on a one-year contract.
Amateur leagues.
In November 2017, he came out of retirement to sign with Chasselay MDA, playing in the Championnat National 2.
Although born in Belgium, he was called up to the French Under-21s and was part of the squad of "Les Bleus" that lost to the Czech Republic in the final of the 2002 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.
In February 2004, after failing to break into France's senior squad, Malbranque expressed an interest in representing the Belgium national team.
A month later, Malbranque was called into the senior France squad for a friendly against the Netherlands but was an unused squad member.
In November 2012, Malbranque received a call-up to the French squad for a friendly against Italy but again failed to earn his debut cap.
Get Even is a first-person shooter psychological thriller video game developed by The Farm 51 and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.
The game was originally scheduled to be released on 26 May 2017, but due to the Manchester Arena bombing, it was delayed to 23 June 2017.
Gameplay.
"Get Even" is played from a first-person perspective, combining elements of shooter, puzzle, and adventure games.
As Cole Black, players make their way through an abandoned insane asylum on the orders of the mysterious Red.
Along the way he will interact with a number of fellow "inmates," some of whom are friendly, some hostile.
At specific points Black will enter a memory regarding a specific event that Red wishes to reconstruct, which are the game's levels.
Each concludes with Black returning to the asylum and making his way further into it, until encountering the next memory.
Throughout each level, there are various notes, photographs, and audio recordings that can be discovered and examined, which are then stored in a special evidence room that can be accessed at specific points during or between levels.
Combat is similar to that of most first-person shooters, although it is discouraged, with the explanation that killing people threatens the stability of the memory and could cause it to break down completely.
The player's preference for either stealth or aggression also affects the ending they receive.
Black has access to a small arsenal with which to defeat enemies, including pistols, assault rifles, and shotguns, as well as the option to perform a stealth kill at close quarters.
One unique aspect of combat is a device known as the CornerGun.
Combined with the game's emphasis on using cover, it allows the player to fire around corners or over the top of low walls and tables.
Puzzles consist of deciphering codes with which to open doors, or the use of valves and levers to open a particular passage.
These often make use of the smartphone's apps in specific ways.
At certain points in the game the player will have to make choices that can have consequences later on.
For example, an early scene has Black decide whether or not to release an asylum inmate from a cell.
Later, he has a choice between rerouting steam through pipes to open a passageway, or bypassing the puzzle by shooting the lock off a door.
Like their approach to combat, the player's choices are commented on by Red, and influence the ending of the game.
Late in the game, players take control of Red.
While controlling identically to Black, Red does not use the smartphone or CornerGun.
Instead, he has the power to assimilate enemies and take their weapons, which he can then use.
He also makes use of warp points, which are in specific places in each level, to move quickly and avoid enemies.
Instead of the map, he has a sonar vision that allows him to briefly see where enemies and warp points are from a distance.
While Red does not collect evidence, he encounters engrams at specific points, which are used to reconstruct memories.
Plot.
After infiltrating the building and killing the armed men he finds there, he discovers the girl tied to a chair with a bomb strapped to her chest.
Black is unable to defuse the bomb before it explodes.
Black suddenly wakes up in an old, abandoned asylum, with a strange device strapped to his head.
He is introduced via television screens to a shadowy figure identifying itself as Red, who tells him the device is known as the Pandora, or Savant, an experimental technology designed to record and play back human memory for analytical purposes.
In this case, Red wants Black to explore the circumstances surrounding the girl's kidnapping, claiming that Black had something to do with it, although he cannot remember anything.
While making his way through the asylum, Black encounters several fellow inmates, whose fates are ultimately determined by his actions.
Many of them refer to Black as the "Puppet Master" and make other references to "Alice in Wonderland".
Through the examination of several of his own memories and others provided by Red, Black begins to piece together what happened.
He was hired by a man named Robert Ramsey to infiltrate ADS, a weapons contractor, and steal a prototype of their latest invention, the CornerGun.
Ramsey then patented the CornerGun as his own creation, nearly bankrupting ADS and humiliating its CEO, Roger Howard.
As a reward, Ramsey made Black the head of security for his own company.
Black manages to recall the name Jasper Prado, an Irish mercenary who was killed in suspicious circumstances around the same time as the kidnapping.
Further investigation reveals that Jasper was hired by Rose Atkins, Robert Ramsey's research assistant, with whom he had an affair.
Atkins, an ambitious, amoral woman, felt she was not getting the credit she deserved for the Pandora project and decided to betray Ramsey.
She hired Prado and his men to kidnap Ramsey's daughter Grace and demand the Pandora device as ransom.
Based on these flashbacks and Red's angry response to them, Black deduces that Red is really Robert Ramsey, who confirms this and declares his intention to find out why Grace was taken.
Black remembers himself confronting Rose about the kidnapping and then throwing her out a window, killing her.
When Ramsey questions his motives, Black cannot offer a definitive answer.
Black's final memory is of himself being approached by Howard, who propositions him to steal the Pandora device as revenge for the CornerGun theft, in exchange for a hefty reward and a purging of Black's criminal record (which Ramsey is apparently using as leverage).
The "world" dissolves around Black as he screams for mercy.
The player then assumes the role of Ramsey, who is sequestered in a basement room filled with technology powering his Pandora device, through which he has been reviewing Black's recall of his memories, while Black himself is still in the life support chamber.
With the help of an AI named Hope, Ramsey decides to perform an "audit" of specific memories, believing that Black was deliberately trying to hide something from him.
However, these memories are distorted further by Ramsey's own fragile mental state.
Distraught over the kidnapping and Lenore's leaving him because of it, Ramsey has Black, who was put in a coma by the bombing, taken from the hospital and put into his care.
He discovers Black had some knowledge of the kidnapping, and that the intended target was Lenore, but Prado's impulsiveness led to Grace being taken instead.
When Black discovers this, and the fact that Prado has also constructed a bomb against orders, he murders Prado himself and forces Atkins to tell him where Grace is.
Unfortunately, he fails to defuse the bomb, which is haphazardly constructed and far too powerful.
In the audit of Black's meeting with Howard, Black again refuses to work for Howard, but this time offers to have Howard work for him, revealing himself as the mastermind behind the kidnapping (hence the "Puppet Master" references).
Depending on Black's morality during the game Ramsey either shuts off Black's life support, killing him or sends Black away to a hospital to live out the rest of his comatose life.
Suddenly, the room begins to dissolve and a disembodied voice of Grace, which Black has heard throughout the game, condemns her father for causing all this to happen.
Overcome with guilt, Ramsey admits that he is a terrible father and husband, who loved both his family and his mistress but could commit to neither, because he wanted his work to make a difference in the world more than anything.
A disgusted Lenore tries to object, but Grace insists she knows what she's doing.
Based on the player's approach to use of lethal force throughout the game, and certain choices made as Black (which are catalogued during Ramsey's audit), one of two endings occur.
In the "Good" ending, Grace signs the contract, which will make her rich and still in control of the company, and fires Atkins, vowing to ensure the technology be used the way her father hoped it would be.
In the "Bad" ending, Grace refuses to sign and destroys the Pandora prototype, ensuring the technology will never be used again.
Other media.
Reception.
"Get Even" received "generally favorable" reviews for the Windows version but "mixed or average" reviews for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
Won't astound everyone, but is worth your time and cash."
Even still, what could have been a completely unique gaming experience is hampered by its desire to be a more action-oriented, generic thriller."
Alice Bell said on VideoGamer.com that ""Get Even" use of layered sound and even more layered story is unsettling and great, but other awkward mechanics make this psychological thriller a bit less than the sum of some very fine parts."
Overview.
Berbinzana is a small village located in Navarre province, in Northern Spain.
(Navarre is best known for the town of Pamplona and its "Sanfermines").
Berbinzana is on the banks of the Arga River and surrounded by fertile fields.
Agriculture is the primary economic activity.
Berbinzana also has a wide variety of plants and animals.
Berbinzana has a deeply rooted culture and is faithful to its traditions, where the festivities are celebrated with the traditional red handkerchief.
Nature.
Berbinzana has a fairly typical Mediterranean climate, with warm summers and cold winters.
The Arga river tempers this some and provides many wild animals to the area.
Culture.
There are several groups that promote cultural activities.
Events.
Family of Strangers is a 1993 American-Canadian made-for-television drama film directed by Sheldon Larry.
The film, which stars Melissa Gilbert and Patty Duke, is based on a book by Jerry Hulse and was shot on location in British Columbia.
Plot.
Julie Lawson (Melissa Gilbert) is a professional researcher living with her daughter Megan (Ashleigh Aston Moore) in Seattle and has recently separated from her husband Sam (Eric McCormack) because he had an affair with his secretary.
One day she blacks out while driving and crashes her car.
In the hospital, the doctor (Mel Ryane) says she suffered an inflammation of the arteries to the brain, and a fatal blockage will soon happen unless she undergoes surgery immediately.
Then the nurse warns her that if strokes run in the family, it would be too risky too operate.
Julie contacts her father (William Shatner) to request this information, and he admits that she was adopted and he has no way to know if strokes run in her family.
Shocked, Julie learns that her parents were not able to conceive or eligible to adopt, so she adopted Julie from the black market through a lawyer.
Determined to find her roots, Julie tracks down this lawyer.
He has since died, but his son Bill Curtis (John Shaw) still runs his practice and provides Julie with some important documents that show that shortly after payments by Julie's adoptive parents, Curtis' father paid funds to a woman called Frances Thompson living in Cloverton, British Columbia.
Assuming that this woman is her mother, she heads to Cloverton, where she learns that Frances was a 75-year-old former schoolteacher who recently died with her husband in a car accident.
She further learns that their daughter Beth (Patty Duke) runs her own beauty parlor in the area.
Realizing that Beth is her mother, she contacts her and quickly reveals her true identity.
Beth initially denies the possibility of being her mother, but later reveals that she was raped after a school dance and gave birth to a baby while studying in Seattle.
Julie first traces down Del (Gordon Clapp), now a car salesman, telling him that she is a journalist writing an article on their homecoming then and now.
Del attempts to force himself on her during a test drive, which scares her.
She next contacts Tim (Chuck Shamata), whose name is quickly cleared as he reveals that he is infertile.
After she leaves Tim's place, Del approaches her on the street, suspecting that she is in attempting to blackmail him for an affair.
As he harasses her, he mentions that his father died from a stroke.
Julie is convinced that Del is the perpetrator and panics, considering that she cannot have surgery if he indeed turns out to be her biological father.
Meanwhile, Beth relives the rape in her memories and recalls the lack of support that her mother (Christina Jastrzembska) gave her.
She remembers that she collected a button from the rapist which she kept secretly.
She finds the button and notice that it belongs to a green jacket.
Through a photo made at the homecoming dance, they learn that the rapist is Jake.
Sue (Martha Gibson) is shocked to learn that her husband raped Beth and tells Julie that strokes did not run in his family.
Afterwards, Julie returns to Seattle and successfully undergoes surgery.
She reconnects with her adoptive father, gives Sam a second chance, and her mother arrives as she is recovering.
The women's 60 metres event at the 1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on 8 March.
Results.
Heats.
First 3 of each heat (Q) and next 4 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.
Semifinals.
Daniel Hoelgaard (born 1 July 1993) is a Norwegian former cyclist, who last rode for UCI ProTeam .
Hoelgaard retired from competition at the end of the 2021 season.
Criminal justice ethics (also police ethics) is the academic study of ethics as it is applied in the area of law enforcement.
Usually, a course in ethics is required of candidates for hiring as law enforcement officials.
These courses focus on subject matter which is primarily guided by the needs of social institutions and societal values.
Law enforcement agencies operate according to established police practices and ethical guidelines consistent with community standards in order to maintain public trust while performing their responsibilities.
Police ethics and integrity are essential aspects of the law enforcement system that facilitate effective crime control practices.
A combination of laws, training, and standards help police officers maintain ethical behavior on duty.
Holding a position of authority while also having the means to use force legitimately requires police professionals to adhere to the strictest ethical standards to avoid controversial or corrupt abuses of power.
Values.
Values are the ideas and behaviors that shape ethical ideals.
Personal values are things that are important to individuals that are shaped by one's specific upbringing, religious beliefs, cultural background, and personal experiences.
Societal values are things that are comprehensively held by a broader number of people, like a community, that align closely to the society's culture and beliefs.
Personal values are unique to individuals and thus are not an appropriate basis for professional ethics.
Ethics can be defined as a system of moral values that distinguish rules for behavior based on an individual's or groups' ideas of what is good and bad.
Police ethics are the rules for behavior that guide law enforcement officials based on what society deems as right and wrong.
Ethics remain constant while definitions of right and wrong may change over time, yet what may be considered ethically right or wrong can be different than what is legally considered right and wrong.
For police officials, ethical standards further include values such as integrity, courage and allegiance.
Code of ethics.
Law enforcement officials are expected to comply with a code of ethics outlining general guidelines to ethical behavior of police professionals.
Codes of ethics are used as instructional aids for law enforcement departments to help officers define standards and expectations of behavior.
Some countries adopt or draft a national code of ethics that all law enforcement officials are expected to abide by and other countries allow for individual police departments to adopt their own code.
For example, the United Kingdom adopted a national code of ethics in April 2014, while in the United States, most police departments adopt the code of ethics (adopted) by the International Association of Chiefs of Police, though they are not required to.
The Code of Ethics was developed and written by Captain Gene Muehleisen of San Diego PD as chairman of the Professional Committee of the Peace Officers Research Association of California (PORAC).
The failure by police professionals to act ethically could result in the loss of public trust, jeopardize investigations, or expose agencies or departments to liability issues.
International Association of Chiefs of Police.
The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) has over 14,000 members and operates in 68 countries, making it the most universally representative police association.
The IACP emphasizes the importance and need of ethics training in law enforcement agencies.
The organization developed a subcommittee for ethics training in 1995 that later released multiple recommendations to all of its members.
The recommendations include encouraging the adoption and support of a law enforcement oath of honor, providing job-specific ethics training, and constantly reinforcing ethical conduct throughout the agency and during recruitment.
The first five sections of the code of ethics are the basic tenets that all IACP members should uphold.
Sections six through fourteen outline ethical standards concerning enforcement procedures.
Aspects of police ethics training.
Police officers routinely face complicated situations that involve strong emotions and volatile circumstances.
Ethics training can help prepare officers and police professionals for unpredictable situations and how to react ethically.
A response to any particular situation has two factors, the reaction and action.
The reaction is an emotional response and the action refers to how a police professional handles the situation.
Ethics training emphasizes the importance of responding with actions that are not just abiding the law but also take motivation into consideration.
Actions that involve an officer doing the right thing for the wrong reason is not considered acting ethically.
The United States Department of Justice released a report in 2009 titled "Building Trust Between the Police and the Citizens They Serve" which outlines the ways in which ethical training can help create and maintain trust between a community and the professionals policing it.
One aspect of training is having the chief of police establish, exhibit, and promote ethical conduct and fairness both inside and outside the agency.
Aside from establishing an ethical culture, ethical training should begin with new police professionals and extend throughout their career until they retire.
In the United States.
The United States has various laws and policies in place, such as the Miranda Rights, that are meant to ensure ethical practices by law enforcement officials.
Further measures have been adopted to secure ethical standards in police departments.
Such measures include various codes of ethics provided by professional law enforcement associations like the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics, adopted in 1957, and the American Federation of Police, adopted in 1966.
The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics was revised in 1989 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
Neve Granot is a neighborhood in Jerusalem located behind the Israel Museum, overlooking the Monastery of the Cross.
Neve Granot is named for Avraham Granot, a Zionist activist and signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence who went on to become head of the Jewish National Fund.
The Cabinet of Kristensen was the government of Denmark from November 7, 1945, to November 13, 1947.
The minority cabinet was, except for the foreign minister, fully composed of members of Venstre, led by Knud Kristensen.
It was formed after the October 1945 elections, the first since the end of the Second World War.
The Northeast Women's Hockey League is an NCAA Division III women's ice hockey conference.
The conference was formed in 2017 when the ECAC West collapsed and the women's ice hockey programs of the five schools whose primary conference was the State University of New York Athletic Conference (SUNYAC) banded together to form the NEWHL.
While SUNYAC supports men's ice hockey, only five of the ten member schools sponsor women's ice hockey.
Members.
Thieves of Innocence () is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Paul Arcand and released in 2005.
An exploration of Quebec's system of child protection, the film profiles several past and present wards of the system, presenting an argument that the agency is highly bureaucratic and failing many of the children it attempts to serve.
Canard PC is an independent magazine founded in France in 2003 devoted to PC gaming and published monthly.
The title "Canard PC" is a paronym, derived from "Canard WC", which is the French name for Toilet Duck.
"Canard PC"s independence from the game companies is recognized in the French video gaming circles.
Canard PC has a sister magazine, "Canard PC Hardware".
Independent studies have shown that "Canard PC" reviews many games not mentioned by other magazines or websites specialized in video games, and has a strong variation in its review scores.
History.
In July 2003, some editors left the publishing staff of the French gaming monthly "Joystick" after its acquisition by Future Publishing.
Hariyali Nepal Party (Green Nepal Party) is a political party in Nepal.
The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.
It was established in 1997 and is a member of the Global Greens and the Asia-Pacific Green Network.
Kuber Sharma, the party's founding president, briefly held the post of Nepal's Minister for Culture and Civil Aviation in November 2004.
Another notable founding member is Maita Lal Gurung.
History.
The party was, according to its chairman Sharma, founded by persons previously associated with various political ideals.
The party got 6638 votes in the 1999 legislative election, but no seat.
Hassan and Marcus () is a 2008 Egyptian comedy-drama film directed by Ramy Imam.
Background.
Being the first collaboration between Adel Emam and Omar Sharif, arguably the most prominent actors in Egypt and the Middle East, the movie was a much-anticipated summer blockbuster.
However, its message proved so controversial that Facebook groups sporting Adel Emam's picture in Coptic garb called for a boycott of his movies, and the resulting emotional distress is reported to have prompted Imam to move from his home in Cairo to a summer house in Porto Marina, a resort on Egypt's northern coast.
Imam, Sharif and other collaborators on the film have vehemently defended its content and criticised many conservatives and religious extremists who consider it blasphemous.
Plot.
When the lives of Mahmoud, a Muslim sheikh (Omar Sharif) and Boulos, a Christian priest (Adel Emam) are threatened by religious extremists on both sides, the Egyptian government inducts them into a witness protection program that requires them to disguise themselves as the Christian, Marcus Abdel-Shahid, and a Muslim sheikh, Hassan el-Attar, respectively.
When, unwittingly, they move into the same building, a friendship blossoms that must, along with a romance between the protagonists' children, withstand the difficulties of prejudice and social persecution.
Hassan and Marcus do not attempt to name the reasons for the tension between Christians and Muslims but, according to the political writer and Coptic Christian Sameh Fawzi, the conflicts have nothing to do with religion.
Themes.
The film addresses issues of religious extremism, intolerance and sectarian violence, and emphasises the possibility of friendship and love between members of different religions.
The Judge Joseph Barker House is a historic residence in southern Washington County, Ohio, United States.
Located along State Route 7 southwest of the community of Newport, it is a brick structure with a roof of metal, a foundation of sandstone, and other elements of wood and metal.
Constructed in 1832, it is a two-story rectangular building that sits atop an Ohio River bluff.
Its floor plan is five bays wide, featuring a central entrance with a fanlight and sidelights.
The house was built as the home of Joseph Barker Jr., whose parents moved to the newly founded village of Marietta in 1789.
As a skilled builder of both buildings and ships, his father Joseph was a leading member of local society.
Although the family spent some time living in Marietta during the Northwest Indian War and during a winter after their farm was destroyed by fire, they typically lived on a property several miles up the Muskingum River from its mouth at Marietta.
Like his father, who held the office from 1830 to 1842, the younger Barker served on the Washington County Court of Common Pleas during the middle of the nineteenth century, only leaving office because of his death.
Before this time, he had served in the Ohio General Assembly in the early 1830s.
For this reason, Judge Barker's house is among the most significant of the county's historic buildings.
In 1979, the Judge Joseph Barker House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Qualifying it for this distinction were its historically significant architecture and its association with the elder Barker.
Virginia Wahlbom Ehrhart (born December 10, 1964) is an American politician representing the 36th House District in Georgia.
Prior to serving in the House, she had worked as a chef and talk show host.
Her husband, Earl Ehrhart, is the former representative for this district.
Ginny announced her candidacy immediately following her husband's announcement of retirement.
The Oberburg at Kobern, also called the "Oberburg" or "Altenburg", is a hill castle above the municipality of Kobern-Gondorf in the county of Mayen-Koblenz in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Location.
The ruins of the Oberburg ("Upper Castle") stand at a height of about 200 metres above the village of Kobern on a hill ridge that points towards the Moselle.
Description.
Apart from the Late Romanesque St. Matthias' Chapel and the "bergfried" little other than a few remains of the enceinte have survived.
The ground and upper storey of the roughly 9 by 9 metre, square "bergfried" are vaulted.
Access to the second floor is via a staircase in the wall.
The building attached to the "bergfried" was built in 1989.
History.
The castle was built in the early 12th century on a Celtic hillfort site.
It is first recorded in 1195, when the then "Burgherr" made it a fiefdom of the Electorate of Trier.
The castle area was increased in size when the chapel was built.
It used the choir of a previous structure, which was probably not finished.
The lords of Isenburg-Kobern held the castle until the mid-14th century.
It was then sold to the Archbishop of Trier and fell into ruin.
In 1936, the "bergfried" was covered by an temporary roof to protect it from further decay.
From 1989, a restaurant was built next to the "bergfried" on a site that had been built on before.
As part of the work, the "bergfried" was increased in height and given a new roof.
Visiting.
The castle is open to the public all year round and may be visited free of charge.
There is a restaurant in the "bergfried" and adjacent buildings.
St. Matthias' Chapel can be visited at summer weekends.
There is also a car par immediately below the castle.
Protected monument.
Isotenes miserana (orange fruit borer) is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.
It is found in the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.
This species has been introduced to New Zealand.
He also represented his hometown between 1998 and 2006.
He joined Fidesz in 1993.
Farkas is a member of the Committee on Agriculture since 1998.
He was elected President of the Association of Hungarian Livestock Farmers on 3 March 2016.
He was appointed Parliamentary Secretary of State for Agriculture on 22 May 2018.
Personal life.
He is married.
The Wilson Creek Bridge (also known as the Smart Road Bridge) is the second tallest bridge in Virginia at tall, the tallest being the US-460 Corridor Q bridge over Grassy Creek and Virginia State Route 610 between Pike County and Buchanan County at tall.
The Wilson Creek Bridge is located in Montgomery County and was built as part of the Virginia Smart Road project.
It is a cast-in-place cantilever box girder bridge and extends for with three spans of and two spans of .
Construction.
Construction began in August 1998.
The bridge design is the same genre as the Natchez Trace Parkway Bridge.
The bridge is composed of four double-tapered piers with stone inlay, two conventional abutments, and 100 cast-in-place segments.
After review of the bridge design by the construction firm, the segments were changed from 4.5 m to 5 m segments, deleting 35 segments from the critical path of construction.
The bridge was completed on May 30, 2001.
The cast-in-place structure consists of of concrete, of reinforcing steel, and of steel cables.
Awards.
The bridge also received an award that year from the Concrete Reinforced Steel Institute, the only 2002 award-winner east of the Mississippi River.
Unique Features.
The cast-in-place cantilever box girder bridge design is the only one of its kind in Virginia.
The bridge is hollow.
Beneath the riding surface, the box girders are open with a width of and a height which varies from to .
Power and communication lines are carried in the hollow concrete box and run the length of the bridge.
Manholes in the bridge deck allow researchers to enter the box to monitor testing equipment.
Stockdale is a city in Wilson County, Texas, United States.
The population was 1,413 at the 2020 census.
It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History.
Previously an area named High Prairie, Free Timber and Bunker's Store, Stockdale was named after Fletcher Stockdale, the lieutenant governor of Texas, when the town was established in 1863.
In 1898 the San Antonio and Mexican Gulf Railroad reached Stockdale.
The town was incorporated in 1919, and Stockdale's annual Watermelon Jubilee began in 1937.
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
This is south of Seguin and southeast of downtown San Antonio.
Climate.
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.
Demographics.
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,413 people, 419 households, and 339 families residing in the city.
As of the census of 2000, 1,398 people, 497 households, and 337 families resided in the city.
The population density was .
The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.33.
The median age was 37 years.
For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.
Education.
Salmon Falls Dam is a dam constructed across Salmon Falls Creek in Twin Falls County, Idaho, in the United States.
Located about southwest of Twin Falls, the masonry arch-gravity dam is high and long, impounding up to of water in Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir.
When full, the reservoir extends for upstream, encompassing .
The dam and reservoir control runoff from a drainage basin of .
The dam was built in 1910 to provide irrigation water storage, and is owned and operated by the Salmon River Canal Company.
Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir is also a popular recreational lake, and is considered one of the best fisheries in southern Idaho.
The dam was the third-largest dam in the world at the time of its construction.
It was part of a major reclamation effort which partly failed due less water being available than planned, partly due to unexpected leakage of water through the lava rock used in the dam's construction.
The Milner Dam (1904) was more successful.
The Salmon Falls Tract, the associated reclamation project, was originally termed the Salmon River Tract, and the dam was named the Salmon Dam.
Historic site.
The Salmon Falls Dam was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
The listing included a contributing building and six contributing structures in addition to the dam itself, on .
The dam's engineer was Andrew J. Wiley.
William Avenya (born 21 June 1955) is a Nigerian prelate of the Catholic Church, who is the bishop of the diocese of Gboko, Nigeria.
Avenya is the first bishop of the diocese since its creation on 29 December 2012.
He served as secretary general of the Association of Episcopal Conferences of Anglophone West Africa (AECAWA).
Early life and education.
William Amove Avenya was born on 21 June 1955 in Ishangev Tiev, Konshisha Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria.
He attended Mount Saint Gabriel's Secondary School in Makurdi and completed ecclesiastical studies at St Augustine's Major Seminary Jos (1975-1981).
In 2000, he earned a diploma in management and development of non-governmental organizations at Galilee International Management Institute, Israel.
Religious life.
Avenya was ordained a priest on 30 May 1981.
He was appointed auxiliary bishop of Makurdi, Nigeria, on 28 November 2008.
He was appointed titular bishop of Thucca in Mauretania on 28 November 2008 and ordained a bishop on 24 January 2009 in Makurdi, Benue.
He was appointed bishop of the diocese of Gboko on 29 December 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI and installed on 24 February 2013.
On 17 February 2020, after the death of Peter Iorzuul Adoboh, the bishop of the diocese of Katsina-Ala, Avenya was appointed apostolic administrator of Katsina-Ala.
Educated at Geelong College, McLean played both cricket and football for the school and was described as the best player in both teams.
He began playing for Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) while he was still in school and in 1882 he was the competition's leading goalkicker.
He played for Geelong from 1882 to 1890 and again in 1892.
Geelong won premierships in four of those seasons, 1882, 1883, 1884 and 1886.
McLean also played with fellow VFA side Melbourne in 1890.
He was regarded as one of the best players of his era.
He played two first-class cricket matches as a batsman for Victoria in 1891.
WBBG is a commercial FM radio station in Youngstown, Ohio, market broadcasting at 106.1 MHz with a country music format.
The station is licensed to Niles, Ohio.
WBBG is also a local affiliate for the Ohio State Sports Network football games.
The station first signed on the air as WNCD, licensed on October 29, 1987 (it signed back on May 15, 1988).
It changed its call sign to WBBG on October 30, 2000, after the two stations swapped signals on August 30, 2000.
In January 2016, WBBG shifted their format to classic hits, branded as "Big 106".
He was the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Archeparchy of Changanassery, serving from 1985 until 2007.
He was also the first bishop of Kanjirappally, having served from 1977 to 1985.
He served as the President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India (CBCI) from 1994 to 1998.
Powathil was one of the youngest bishops in India, having been ordained bishop at the age of 41 and Pope Paul VI was his principal consecrator.
A scholar in theology, Mar Powathil is known for his stringent stance in matters related to the Syro-Malabar Church's liturgy and restoration of eastern traditions.
His stringent stance on the fee structure of self-financing colleges had once put the state government in a fix.
Early life.
Powathil was born in the hamlet of Kurumbanadom, near Chanaganacherry, British India.
He was known as "Pappachan" in his childhood, and was officially known as P. J. Joseph.
He attended St. Berchmans' College, Changanacherry for a B.A.
Economics and Loyola College, Chennai from which he received an M.A. in economics.
Priestly ministry.
Powathil did his seminary studies in St. Thomas Seminary Changanacherry and Papal Seminary, Pune.
He was ordained priest on 3 October 1962.
He was appointed auxiliary bishop of Changanacherry (Titular Bishop of Caesarea Philippi) on 29 January 1972, despite having little Episcopal experience, and was consecrated by Pope Paul VI on 13 February 1972.
On 26 February 1977, a new diocese was created under the name Kanjirappally, splitting the Changanacherry archdiocese.
Bishop Powathil was transferred there as the first bishop.
He served the new diocese for nine years.
He rose to become archbishop and returned to Changanacherry on 16 November 1985, succeeding Mar Antony Padiyara.
Offices held.
Service.
He founded the Peerumedu Development Society (P.D.S.) and the Malanadu Development Society (M. D. S.) in 1977 while he was the bishop of Kanjirappaly.
The Kuttanadu Vikasana Samithy (KVS) is another project of his.
As the Patron of the Changanacherry Social Service Society (CHASS), he oversaw numerous developmental schemes.
Many Scholarship schemes are established for the Dalit Christians in the Archdiocese and the poor and eligible students of the professional courses.
In 1990, Powathil founded the I. C. Chacko award for cultural and literary excellence and it was awarded to Prof. P. C. Devasia, the author of Kristu Bhagavathom in Sanskrit language.
The Centre for Indian Christian Archaeological Research (CICAR) is another initiative.
In order to promote reading, Powathil established the Department of Book Apostolate, which organizes the Changanacherry Pusthaka Mela every year in October.
It eventually turned into the Kerala Catholic Youth Movement (KCYM).
He was the first chairman of the KCBC Youth Commission.
He started Apostolate for the senior citizens, apostolate for the emigrants and apostolate for the tourists in the Archdiocese.
He led CANA, the Indian Section of the Pope John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family, at Thuruthy with headquarters in Rome.
Veneration.
Wickel was born and was raised in the borough of Lansdale, Pennsylvania.
The family home was located on N. Towamencin Avenue.
The Wickel family were members of the Church of the Holy Trinity, North Broad Street.
Wickel was educated in the Lansdale public school system and graduated from Lansdale High School.
Wickel participated in the Lansdale High School marching band.
As tennis was not a varsity sport at the school in the late 1930s, Wickel had to develop his skills on local tennis courts.
The Pool and Sons Pants Factory, at Second Street and Towamencin Avenue in Lansdale, maintained a tennis court.
The factory owner and operator, Irwin H. Pool, took notice of Ralph's tennis ability and mentored his development.
Wickel participated in local amateur tennis tournaments and played at various private clubs in the Lansdale area.
Wickel garnered the attention of Temple University (Philadelphia) and was awarded a scholarship to participate on the varsity tennis team.
During the time Wickel was attending Temple University, the United States entered World War II.
Wickel enlisted in the U.S. Army in October 1942.
Mustered into active service in May 1943, Wickel was stationed at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland.
Completing basic training and qualifying as an M1 rifle marksman, Ralph's occupational specialty was to be a radio operator with the 3132nd Sonic Company.
The 3132nd Sonic Company was composed of soldiers participating in a classified unit named the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops.
Their mission involved tactical deception activities in the European theatre.
The 23rd Headquarters Special Troops were composed of the 603rd Engineer Battalion, 406th Combat Engineer, and the 3132nd Sonic Company, better known in history as the Ghost Army.
The special troops were composed of artists, designers, actors, meteorologists, sound technicians, and their true mission was not to fight, but to deceive the German army.
During his service, he was involved in the battles of Northern France, the Ardennes, Central Europe and the Rhineland.
The 23rd Headquarters Special Troops military activities were highly classified during the war, and the mission details were only declassified in 1996.
Receiving an honorable discharge from the United States Army, he returned to civilian life in November 1945.
Wickel returned to Temple University to compete on the varsity tennis team and earn a bachelor's degree.
Upon graduation, he and his wife, Georgine, continued to reside in the Philadelphia area.
Wickel chose a career in education, and the Wickel family expanded with the birth of their daughter, Kathleen.
As a member of the Middle States Lawn Tennis Association, a division of the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA), Wickel competed successfully in amateur regional tennis tournaments.
Wickel competed in the USLTA men's singles United States National Championships, now known as the US Open Tennis Championships.
He competed in Round 1 of the tournament in 1952, 1954 and 1955.
Wickel changed careers, joining the Holt, Rinehart and Winston Publishing Co. and working there until his retirement in 1981, at which time he and his wife moved to Vero Beach, Florida.
Ralph and Georgine were avid antique automobile collectors and were members of the National Antique Automobile Club and the Indian River County Studebaker Club.
Wickel died on April 26, 2001, in Vero Beach, Florida.
Military honors and awards.
Dawn (1884) is the debut novel by British writer H. Rider Haggard.
Background.
Haggard later said he was inspired to write the book while living in Norwood.
So then and there we took paper, and each of us began to write the said novel.
I think that after she had completed two or three folio sheets my wife ceased from her fictional labours.
But, growing interested, I continued mine, which resulted in the story called "Dawn."
Haggard never found out who the girl was but was sufficiently inspired to write the first draft at Norwood in 1882, while studying for the Bar.
Haggard later redrafted the novel several times, one version being called "There Remaineth a Rest".
He sent it out to several publishers but it was rejected.
He rewrote it again and eventually it was accepted by a publisher.
Reception.
Haggard later said the thought the novel "ought to have been cut up into several stories" and was too full of "amateur villains".
It initially earned Haggard profits of ten pounds.
Adaptation.
Alligatorinae is a subfamily within the family Alligatoridae that contains the alligators and their closest extinct relatives, and is the sister taxon to Caimaninae (the caimans).
Many genera in Alligatorinae are described, but only the genus "Alligator" is still living, with the remaining genera extinct.
Evolution.
Alligators and caimans split in North America during the early Tertiary or late Cretaceous (about 53 million to about 65 million years ago).
The Chinese alligator split from the American alligator about 33 million years ago and likely descended from a lineage that crossed the Bering land bridge during the Neogene.
The modern American alligator is well represented in the fossil record of the Pleistocene.
The alligator's full mitochondrial genome was sequenced in the 1990s.
The full genome, published in 2014, suggests that the alligator evolved much more slowly than mammals and birds.
Phylogeny.
Alligatorinae is cladistically defined as "Alligator mississippiensis" (the American alligator) and all species closer to it than to "Caiman crocodylus" (the spectacled caiman).
This is a stem-based definition for Alligatorinae, and means that it includes more basal extinct alligator ancestors that are more closely related to living alligators than to caimans.
The accord sought to improve the education, employment, and living conditions for Aboriginal peoples through governmental funding and other programs.
The accord was endorsed by Prime Minister Paul Martin, but was never endorsed by his successor, Stephen Harper.
History.
The agreement resulted from 18 months of roundtable consultations leading up to the First Ministers' Meeting in Kelowna, British Columbia in November 2005 and was described in a paper released at the end of the meeting entitled "First Ministers and National Aboriginal Leaders Strengthening Relationships and Closing the Gap" and a separate press release, issued by the Prime Minister's Office at the close of the Kelowna meetings.
The Quebec Aboriginals were not included in this final accord, as they did not participate in the process.
The term "Kelowna Accord" was never used at the First Ministers' Meeting.
The term seems to have first been used in a Toronto Star article dated December 4, 2005.
Aboriginal leaders saw the accord as a step forward, as it involved a process of cooperation and consultation that brought all parties to the table.
With the support of the NDP, led by Jack Layton, the official opposition Conservatives, led by Stephen Harper, voted against the Liberal minority government of Paul Martin resulting in the 2006 federal election.
The subsequent federal election resulted in a Conservative minority government headed by Stephen Harper.
When presenting their first budget on May 2, 2006, the Conservatives indicated that they were committed to meeting the targets set out at the First Ministers' Meeting in Kelowna and the working paper therein produced, but that they did not agree with the approach taken in the funding announcement set out in the former Prime Minister's press release.
Rather, focused initiatives and targeted expenditures, coupled with systemic reform, were laid out as the new government's direction.
In June 2006, former Prime Minister Paul Martin introduced a private member's bill, Bill C-292 An Act to Implement the Kelowna Accord calling on the government to follow through on the agreements made in the Kelowna Accord.
During testimony before the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development it was disputed whether or not an accord had been formally signed and whether or not money had been budgeted for its implementation.
However, as section 54 of the Constitution Act, 1867, this private member's bill was mostly symbolic as it cannot contain expenditure of public funds.
Former Canadian Assembly of First Nations Chief Phil Fontaine has argued repeatedly for the implementation of the Kelowna Accord.
He had called the deal a breakthrough for his people.
Mary Simon, then-President of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the national organization representing the Inuit of Canada, said Harper had put Inuit issues on ice, and that Harper had not implemented any element of the Kelowna accord.
The goal of the education investments was to ensure that the high school graduation rate of Aboriginal Canadians matched the rest of the population.
The money was also aimed at cutting in half the gap in rates of post-secondary graduation.
On health, targets were established to reduce infant mortality, youth suicide, childhood obesity and diabetes by 20 per cent in five years, and 50 per cent in 10 years.
They also promised to double the number of health professionals in 10 years from the then current level of 150 physicians and 1,200 nurses.
The Harper government did not proceed with the accord and a number of academic studies recognize that the accord itself is not legally binding.
Historic funding agreements were signed by the Harper government, however, the name 'Kelowna Accord' has not been applied to these investments.
One of the offshoots of the national government's refusal to honor from the accord was that it ended in the provinces' hands.
According to experts, the multilevel governance in Canada allowed for such engagement even though the federal government is absent.
For example, there is the case of Manitoba.
The province was the very first to move forward with the agreement, implementing its priorities in partnership with the private sector and the First Nation and Metis peoples.
To date, unprecedented progress has been made in the areas of education, training, and employment of Aboriginal Canadians.
Reports, however, show that federal participation is still critical because the present condition leads to diverse provincial strategies and objectives, which led to uneven results.
Some provinces like British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec posted more progress than others.
This is further aggravated by the opposition of Conservative politicians on the provincial level.
Biography.
Born 23 August 1895 in Auckland, Ashby was educated at Te Aroha High School, and at both Victoria and Auckland Universities.
He was a solicitor, and served in the Army in the First World War.
He was Auckland's Town Clerk (providing administration and advice to Auckland City Council) between 1944 and 1955 and was also secretary of the committee for the 1950 British Empire Games held at Auckland.
In the 1951 King's Birthday Honours, Ashby was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for municipal services.
In 1953, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.
Having retired as Town Clerk in 1955, he was elected to the city council, and in November 1956 successfully challenged the sitting mayor John Luxford, for the role.
Luxford had claimed wasteful expenditure inside the council in his 1953 campaign, but (though initiating a number of reforms) had not been successful in chairing the council.
In Abrahamic and European mythology, medieval literature and occultism, the language of the birds is postulated as a mystical, perfect divine language, Adamic language, Enochian, angelic language or a mythical or magical language used by birds to communicate with the initiated.
History.
In Indo-European religion, the behavior of birds has long been used for the purposes of divination by augurs.
According to a suggestion by Walter Burkert, these customs may have their roots in the Paleolithic when, during the Ice Age, early humans looked for carrion by observing scavenging birds.
There are also examples of contemporary bird-human communication and symbiosis.
In North America, ravens have been known to lead wolves (and native hunters) to prey they otherwise would be unable to consume.
In Africa, the greater honeyguide is known to guide humans to beehives in the hope that the hive will be incapacitated and opened for them.
Dating to the Renaissance, birdsong was the inspiration for some magical engineered languages, in particular musical languages.
Whistled languages based on spoken natural languages are also sometimes referred to as the language of the birds.
Some language games are also referred to as the language of birds, such as in Oromo and Amharic of Ethiopia.
Mythology.
Norse mythology.
In Norse mythology, the power to understand the language of the birds was a sign of great wisdom.
The god Odin had two ravens, called Hugin and Munin, who flew around the world and told Odin what happened among mortal men.
The legendary king of Sweden Dag the Wise was so wise that he could understand what birds said.
He had a tame house sparrow which flew around and brought back news to him.
Once, a farmer in Reidgotaland killed Dag's sparrow, which brought on a terrible retribution from the Swedes.
When Konr was riding through the forest hunting and snaring birds, a crow spoke to him and suggested he would win more if he stopped hunting mere birds and rode to battle against foemen.
The ability could also be acquired by tasting dragon blood.
This gave him the ability to understand the language of birds, and his life was saved as the birds were discussing Regin's plans to kill Sigurd.
Greek mythology.
According to Apollonius Rhodius, the figurehead of Jason's ship, the "Argo", was built of oak from the sacred grove at Dodona and could speak the language of birds.
Tiresias was also said to have been given the ability to understand the language of the birds by Athena.
The language of birds in Greek mythology may be attained by magical means.
Democritus, Anaximander, Apollonius of Tyana, Melampus, and Aesopus were all said to have understood the birds.
I tell you he will not long be absent from his dear native land, not if chains of iron hold him fast.
He will find a way to get back, for he is never at a loss."
Middle Eastern folklore and Abrahamic religions.
In the Quran, Suleiman (Solomon) and David are said to have been taught the language of the birds.
Within Sufism, the language of birds is a mystical divine language.
"The Conference of the Birds" is a mystical poem of 4647 verses by the 12th century Persian poet Attar of Nishapur.
In the Jerusalem Talmud, Solomon's proverbial wisdom was due to his being granted understanding of the language of birds by God.
Folklore.
The concept is also known from many folk tales (including Welsh, Russian, German, Estonian, Greek, Romany), where usually the protagonist is granted the gift of understanding the language of the birds either by some magical transformation or as a boon by the king of birds.
The birds then inform or warn the hero about some danger or hidden treasure.
In Kabbalah, Renaissance magic, and alchemy, the language of the birds was considered a secret and perfect language and the key to perfect knowledge, sometimes also called the "langue verte", or green language.
Elizabethan English occultist John Dee likened the magical Enochian language he received from communications with angels to the traditional notion of a language of birds.
Literature and culture.
He played at two World Cup Finals tournaments for Yugoslavia.
Club career.
Personal life.
His younger brother is also an actor.
He died on 20 June 2010 after a long struggle with cancer.
In 1936 he won the bronze medal in the 50 metre rifle prone event.
He was born in Kielce and died in Magdalenka.
He was born in Tibshelf, Derbyshire and worked as a compensation agent for the Derbyshire Miners' Association, eventually becoming assistant secretary, and honorary secretary of the Derbyshire Miners' Convalescent Home at Skegness.
He was also a governor of Sheffield University.
He lived in Chesterfield.
At the 1922 general election, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Derbyshire, and held the seat until 1931.
Chrysolina herbacea, also known as the mint leaf beetle, or green mint beetle (in the UK), is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae.
Description.
The species is green, with black legs and antennae.
Females can range in colour from green to purplish grey.
They are active between May and September.
Visually it may be confused with the much rarer tansy beetle ("Chrysolina graminis").
Distribution.
It can be found in Germany, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Ireland, the Caucasus, Turkey, and western Central Asia.
Habitat.
The teal emo skink (Emoia cyanogaster) is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae.
The species is found throughout Oceania.
Habitat.
The preferred natural habitat of "E. cyanogaster" is forest, at altitudes from sea level to .
Reproduction.
Filiga Lio Falaniko (born Apia, 17 September 1970) is a Samoan former rugby union player and boxer.
He plays as a lock.
Currently, he works as personal trainer.
Career.
His international debut in 1991, against Tonga, at Apia, on 17 June 1990.
Despite missing that year's World Cup through injury he was a regular for the Samoans throughout the 1990s, playing in both the 1995 and 1999 World Cups - scoring a memorable try against Wales in Samoa's 38-31 win at the then all-new Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.
Ranging lock Falaniko joined the Hurricanes for one season in 1999 from the Highlanders, where he had played 24 super 12 games between 1996-1998.
Falaniko was used alongside Dion Waller, Mark Cooksley and Inoke Afeaki in the locking role for the Hurricanes, winning five caps, and making four starts against the Cats, Sharks, Blues, and finally his old team the Highlanders.
Vastly experienced at provincial level, Falaniko played a number of times for Otago, spent a season with Southland prior to his Super 12 stint in Wellington and also for North Harbour in 1999.
Additionally Falaniko was an international volleyball representative and spent several years as a Les Mills Gyms fitness trainer.
He took his personal trainer expertise to Perth, where he now resides and also coaches at club level.
Boxing career.
Eurhythma polyzelota is a moth in the family Crambidae.
It was described by Turner in 1913.
It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from the Northern Territories.
The forewings are white with dark-fuscous fasciae partly edged with blackish.
The population was 8,386 at the 2010 census, and 8,254 in the 2018 estimate.
The local government has a council-manager model.
History.
When French explorers entered the region in the late 17th century, they encountered the indigenous Osage people, who controlled a vast area extending west from present-day Saint Louis, including territories now within several states.
The Osage Village State Historic Site, formerly known as the Carrington Osage Village Site, is located on a hilltop above the Osage River valley.
They were the most influential people in the region and were integral to the fur trade.
After the United States acquired the territory west of the Mississippi River in the Louisiana Purchase, through the rest of the 19th century, it gradually forced the Osage to cede their lands and remove to Indian Territory.
This site has been designated as a National Historic Landmark for its significance to the Osage people and American history.
Nevada was originally called "Hog Eye" by European-American settlers, and under that name was platted in 1855.
The town's name was changed to Nevada by circuit and county clerk DeWitt C. Hunter, after Nevada City, California, where he had been a gold miner.
From 1897 to 1933, Nevada was home to the Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics, founded by Sidney Abram Weltmer and Joseph H. Kelly.
Weltmer bought a 17-room mansion, built in 1886 by Frank P. Anderson, a successful railroad builder.
They wanted a facility large enough so that they could have patients stay for extended periods in a kind of boarding house.
During the early 20th century, this healing institute attracted thousands of clients who believed in Weltmer's cures by mental healing.
They also paid for instructional classes.
The institute also conducted a large mail-order business for classes and a kind of treatment by mail.
It held lectures attracting several hundred people at a time.
The Institute attracted so many clients that the railroad added new trains to its schedule serving the town.
In addition, the volume of mail associated with the institute's business resulted in the post office being classified as first class, and the government building a new, larger post office to handle it.
The Weltmer Institute became the center of associated wellness systems and practitioners in town, which increased in prosperity.
It attracted clairvoyants and psychotherapists, emerging as a new profession.
It also attracted people promising various types of miracle cures for such illnesses as tuberculosis, which then had no cure.
In the early 20th century, the town attracted many enthusiasts of what was known as the New Thought Movement.
Ernest Weltmer, the eldest son of Sidney A. Weltmer, was Secretary of the Federation and helped open the convention.
Among the several speakers from across the country was Grace Mann Brown, and entertainment was provided by singers including the Weltmer Quartette.
Mrs. Brown served as President of the Federation the following year.
In 1916, New Thought followers returned to Nevada for the second International Conference of the movement, and Sidney A. Weltmer was among the speakers.
After Weltmer's death and the institute's closure in 1933, the mansion was sold for use as a funeral home.
By late 2004, the building was slated for demolition to redevelop the site.
Although some residents were interested in its history and the Weltmer Institute, the building was never nominated as a significant historic building or classified for preservation.
The City Council approved it being scheduled to be demolished in late 2004 for other development.
Significant historic properties in Nevada include the Infirmary Building, Missouri State Hospital Number 3, Vernon County Courthouse, and Vernon County Jail, Sheriff's House and Office, which are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography.
Nevada is located in central Vernon County at the intersection of US routes 71 and 54.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics. 2010 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,386 people, 3,491 households, and 1,908 families living in the city.
The population density was .
There were 4,018 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.16, and the average family size was 2.88.
The median age in the city was 38.3 years. 2000 census.
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,607 people, 3,463 households, and 1,973 families living in the city.
The population density was .
There were 3,857 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.22, and the average family size was 2.95.
The median age was 35 years.
For every 100 females, there were 82.1 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.3 males.
Education.
Public education in Nevada is administered by the Nevada R-V School District, which operates Nevada High School.
Nevada has a lending library, the Nevada Public Library.
Nevada is home to Cottey College which is a private women's college.
It was founded by Virginia Alice (Cottey) Stockard in 1884.
Since 1927 it has been owned and supported by the P.E.O.
Sisterhood, a philanthropic women's organization based in Des Moines, Iowa.
It was founded as a preparatory school for girls and women, and by 1932 was a two-year liberal arts college.
Born in the Netherlands, he represents the United States national team.
Early life.
Born in the Netherlands to a Surinamese-American father and a Dutch mother, Dest played for the youth academy of Almere City until 2012, when he moved to the Ajax youth academy.
Initially a forward, he progressed through the ranks of the club until making the switch to a full-back.
Club career.
Ajax.
He also scored one goal and provided one assist in seven appearances in the prestigious UEFA Youth League.
On July 27, 2019, Dest made his debut for the Ajax first team in an official game when he started the 2019 Johan Cruyff Shield match against rivals PSV Eindhoven.
He also appeared as a substitute in qualifying matches for the UEFA Champions League against PAOK and APOEL.
In September, Dest was officially promoted to the Ajax first-team squad.
Barcelona.
With the appearance, Dest became the first American to appear for Barcelona in La Liga.
On October 20, he became the first American to play for Barcelona in a UEFA Champions League match.
In doing so, Dest became the first American to score a professional goal for the club.
Loan to AC Milan.
Dest made his Serie A debut on September 17, in a match against Napoli.
He entered the match at halftime, replacing Davide Calabria.
International career.
Dest has dual nationality making him eligible to play for either the United States or the Netherlands and ultimately chose to play for the United States' senior national team.
Dest has represented the United States at youth and full international level.
He played five games in total for the United States under-17 team, including four appearances at the 2017 FIFA Under-17 World Cup.
He represented the United States under-20 team at the 2019 FIFA Under-20 World Cup, where he played four matches.
In total, he made 12 appearances and scored one goal for the under-20 team.
Dest chose to commit his international future to the United States at the senior level on October 28, 2019.
He was included in the United States' 26-man roster for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.
Style of play.
Dest combines many key qualities needed in a full-back, including strong attacking prowess, solid defensive play, and being excellent in possession.
He has the ability to take players on and his pace is a virtue going forward and defending.
History.
Originally a crossroads on the Camino Real between Concepcion and Chillan and Santiago.
It was first the site of a mill on the Pingueral River.
On October 24, 1657, Pedro Porter Casanate built a fort "San Rafael de Coelemu" to protect the Royal roads and secure the Coelemu region from the attacks of the Mapuche.
Later a Jesuit encomienda and a church were established there.
In 1835, it became the capital of the Department of Coelemu, until the town of Coelemu replaced Rafael as the capital in January 1854.
Stephen Packard (born 1943) is an American conservationist, author, and ecological restoration practitioner active in the Chicago area.
Packard began his career in restoration ecology in 1977 as a volunteer with the "North Branch Prairie Project" in Cook County, Illinois.
The project is now known as the North Branch Restoration Project.
In 1978, he became a field representative for the Illinois chapter of The Nature Conservancy (TNC-Illinois).
From 1983-1999, he was the Director of Science and Stewardship for TNC-Illinois.
Packard founded the Audubon Chicago Region chapter in 1999 and worked for this organization until 2014.
The chapter has since expanded to encompass the Great Lakes region and is now known as Audubon Great Lakes.
Between 2008 and 2013 he taught "Science and Policy of Ecological Conservation" at Northwestern University.
He sits on the national advisory board for Wild Ones.
The Baileys Harbor Range Lights are a pair of lighthouses arranged in a range light configuration, located near Baileys Harbor in Door County, Wisconsin, United States.
History.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, as reference number 89001466 as the Baileys Harbor Range Light.
Currently part of the Ridges wildlife sanctuary, which is listed on the List of National Natural Landmarks in Wisconsin.
The grounds may be visited and guided tours are given during peak tourist seasons.
After 1969, the Coast Guard removed lighting equipment from the original buildings and replaced them with a single directional light on the beach.
Work.
He provided the German dub voices for Marlon Brando, John Goodman, Yaphet Kotto, Jean Reno, and Samuel L. Jackson.
He voiced Maurice in the German dub of "The Penguins of Madagascar" and Waternoose in the German dub of "Monsters Inc." as well as the Grandfather in the German TV show "Heidi."
Falling Spring at Morgan's Grove is part of a related complex of buildings and lands associated with the Morgan family and other prominent members of the Shepherdstown, West Virginia, community.
History.
Falling Spring was completed by 1837 as a large, house and farm complex.
The property was first settled by Richard Morgan, who noted several springs on the property, including "Bubbling Spring" and "Morgan's Spring", the starting point of the 1775 Bee-Line March.
The house was built by Jacob Morgan, Richard's grandson, who was a successful merchant who lived and worked in Alexandria, Virginia.
Richard's son William inherited the property in 1855.
William Morgan became a Confederate officer with the start of the American Civil War, serving with Generals J.E.B.
Stuart and Turner Ashby.
Falling Spring was sold in 1904 to Dr. M.H.
Crawford, who added two more columns to the portico.
The design may have been undertaken by Winchester, Virginia, architect Stuart H. Edmonds, who had worked at Shepherd College and Bellevue.
The Crawfords also added a Japanese garden to the property.
The property and surrounding land, was granted to the Morgan family by Lord Fairfax.
Description.
The three-story double-pile house is three bays wide with a center hall, resting on a very high raised basement.
The end walls have parapets above the roofline, incorporating prominent double chimneys on either end.
The house is limestone faced with stucco.
The eLesson Markup Language (eLML) is an open source XML framework for creating electronic lessons.
It is a "spin-off" from the GITTA project, a Swiss GIS eLearning project, and was launched in spring 2004.
The eLML project is hosted at SourceForge.
The aim of eLML was to offer authors a tool that ensured conformity to pedagogical guidelines.
Pedagogical model behind eLML. eLML is based on a teaching model called ECLASS (Gerson, 2000 ). additional elements like glossary, bibliography and metadata were added to be able to create a self-contained e-learning course.
Furthermore, the three elements clarify, look and act together form a so-called "learning object" and these elements can be used in any sequence order and can even be used multiple times within one learning object.
This allows that an author can start with an example (look) and then follow by explaining the theory (clarify) behind it or the other way round.
Also the uncommon but sometimes very successful approach where the student starts with a short exercise (act) and only after having tried out some solutions can read the theory (clarify) behind it and see some real-world examples (look).
The ECLASS model is on one hand flexible enough to represent different learning scenarios and to meet all the requirements needed by the creators of the e-learning lessons but ensures on the other hand that the content complies with the defined didactical guidelines.
These didactical guidelines where then mapped into an XML structure that allowed a strict checking if the author has correctly used the pedagogical model or not.
The details are explained in detail below.
The XML structure of eLML.
The unit elements, described below, contain the actual content of a lesson.
The XML Schema ensures that all glossary terms used in a lesson are defined in the glossary.
The Harvard Referencing System or the APA style can be used for the bibliography.
All citations, references, further readings etc., must be listed within the bibliography section, otherwise the XML parser issues an error and the lesson is not valid.
Through an amount of mandatory elements eLML ensures that at least the minimal metadata elements are filled out even though many authors do not like to fill in metadata information.
The eLML metadata elements are a subset of the IMS Learning object metadata (LOM) that can be used to store data about the length of the lessons, the author(s), copyrights, the required knowledge to attempt this lesson and the basic technical requirements.
The bibliography style elements and the metadata section are defined in a separate XML schema and thus can be replaced by other standards or definitions.
Within each unit a similar structure as on lesson level is employed.
However, the elements glossary, bibliography and metadata are always defined for the whole lesson on lesson level.
Each learning object describes a certain concept, model, equation, term, or process using all or some of the three elements clarify (theory), look (example) and act in free order.
Using the elements clarify, look and act, the author has to think about how a certain concept can be presented best to the student.
Whether a learning object starts with some theory (clarify element) and continues with one or more examples (look elements) or, alternatively, the student first does something (act element) and then read the theory afterwards (clarify element) is left to the author.
Transformation and Presentation of an eLML lesson.
Thanks to the use of standards like XML, XSLT or SVG all eLML lessons can be transformed and viewed with any web-browser on any platform and are totally software-independent.
The two main transformation files that are included in the eLML package can transform a lesson into an "online" (both XHTML 1.1 and HTML5) and into a "print" (PDF) version (using XSL Formatting Objects) with one click.
Both versions can be customized offering personalized layouts (see example below).
Since eLML supports both the IMS Global "Content Package" and the SCORM standard, the content can also easily be imported into any modern Learning Management System (LMS) like WebCT or OLAT.
To create nice looking templates eLML offers a tool called "Template Builder" and it has built-in support for a CSS-framework called YAML.
Copyright and legal issues. eLML is an open source project and available under the Apache 2 License.
The Pittsburgh Vengeance are a non-sanctioned junior ice hockey team and are members of the Great Lakes Conference in the United States Premier Hockey League's Premier Division.
The team plays at the Alpha Ice Complex in Harmar Township, Pennsylvania, a township outside of Pittsburgh.
From 1997 until 2012, the team was known as the Pittsburgh Jr. Penguins.
History.
The Pittsburgh Jr. Penguins entered the Metro Junior A Hockey League in 1997.
After a good inaugural season including a playoff run, under head coach John Vivian, the league merged with the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.
The Penguins opted not to join and entered the more local Empire Junior B Hockey League (EmJHL).
In 2006, the Penguins fielded a second Junior B team in the Continental Hockey Association's Premier Junior B Division.
In 2007, the Penguins created a third and fourth entry for the CHA's Major and Minor Junior C leagues.
In 2009 the organization added a Tier III Junior A team that began play in Fall 2009 in the Central States Hockey League (CSHL).
In 2010, the CSHL became the North American 3 Hockey League (NA3HL) after the Tier II North American Hockey League took control of the CSHL.
In 2012, the team was rebranded the Three Rivers Vengeance for one season before it changed to the Pittsburgh Vengeance in 2013.
The Vengeance left the NA3HL in 2018 for the Premier Division of the United States Premier Hockey League.
The Jr. Penguins fielded Junior B teams in CHA Premier (later called Eastern States Hockey League and the Empire Junior B Hockey League, and a Junior C team in the CHA Selects.
In 2006, USA Hockey dropped the Junior C designation and those teams became Tier III Junior B.
In 2011, USA Hockey dropped both the Junior A and B designations and called all the leagues as just Tier III, but since many organizations still fielded teams in the former lower leagues most were still referred to as their former designation.
Season-by-season records.
The cartography of New York City is the creation, editing, processing and printing of maps that depict the islands and mainland that now comprise New York City and its immediate environs.
The earliest surviving map of the area is the Manatus Map.
History of mapping in New York City.
Further, its founding as a city for European immigrants came during the early- and mid-seventeenth century, a golden age of mapmaking with its center in Holland.
When New Amsterdam was a young colony, Amsterdam was turning out more accurate maps than ever before in history.
As a commercial city, the merchants and seafarers of the new colony needed more and better maps so they could monitor and extend their commercial activities.
When the British took over New Amsterdam and renamed it New York, surveying and mapmaking continued, but at a slower pace, which was connected to the reduced rate of growth of the city under British rule, and the lack of close administration of the colony by the mother country than had been the case under the Dutch.
During the American Revolution, New York City and its environs was an early battleground, and then the headquarters of the British.
This provoked maps to be used in military campaigns, or in the defense of the city.
New York became "the most thoroughly mapped urban area in America."
Indigenous mapping.
There are no written records that directly reference mapping by the Wappinger or the Lenape, the Native Americans who inhabited the New York City area before European colonization.
However, scholars assume the Native Americans who lived on the land that now comprises New York City, as in other places, passed down a record of the spatial distribution of their resources and territory via an oral tradition.
A large Native American footpath extending into Canada, the Northeastern Great Trail, ran through the land now known as New York City.
The footpath served as a trade route for the Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking indigenous peoples who lived along the Great Trail.
Thomas Dermer in a 1619 letter described a Lenape harbor pilot, at his request, drawing an accurate map of Manhattan and surrounding waters, drafting it in chalk on a seaman's chest.
Colonial mapping.
The earliest surviving map of the area now known as New York City is the Manatus Map, depicting what is now Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, Staten Island, and New Jersey in the early days of New Amsterdam.
The Dutch colony was mapped by cartographers working for the Dutch Republic.
New Netherland had a position of surveyor general.
Surveyors and cartographers active during this period of early modern Netherlandish cartography include Cryn Fredericks, Jacques Cortelyou, Andries Hudde and Johannes Vingboons.
From the Manatus Map onward, much early cartography of the area had the West as its map orientation.
Mapping continued and intensified after the British took control of the colony and renamed it New York in 1664.
American mapping.
Mapping of New York City continued during the American Revolutionary War.
One of the last maps under British occupation was made in 1781 by two military cartographers.
The first official map of New York City under independence was likely the Commissioners' Plan of 1811.
Columbus Circle serves as a geographic center for New York City, taking the role of a zero-mile point.
It has been used as such by the city government for its employees, by the United Nations for the C-2 visa, and by Hagstrom Map.
The first map to extensively depict New York City's transit lines is a United States Geological Survey map of southern Brooklyn drafted in 1888.
The first subway focused map was published in 1904-1905 when several maps were published alongside the opening of the IRT subway.
The New York City Subway map in use today came about in 1958 when George Salomon redesigned the previous map model where individual subway operating companies made their own maps.
The change to a singular map was facilitated by the Board of Transportation and later the New York City Transit Authority taking over and managing the subway system as a singular entity.
In 2016, Rebecca Solnit and Joshua Jelly Schapiro created a "City of Women" map based on the Vignelli subway map, renaming each subway station for a woman who contributed to New York City.
Club career.
Cristante began to play professionally in Argentina in 1990 with Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata.
In 1995, he returned to Toluca for one year, then in 1996, he joined another Argentine team Newell's Old Boys of Rosario.
In 1998, he left for Toluca, and has been playing there since.
He had a serious knee injury and was released from Club Toluca in June 2010.
He has been nominated four times since 1999 as the best goalkeeper in Mexico.
Record.
International career.
Honours.
In statistics, a sum of squares due to lack of fit, or more tersely a lack-of-fit sum of squares, is one of the components of a partition of the sum of squares of residuals in an analysis of variance, used in the numerator in an F-test of the null hypothesis that says that a proposed model fits well.
The other component is the pure-error sum of squares.
The pure-error sum of squares is the sum of squared deviations of each value of the dependent variable from the average value over all observations sharing its independent variable value(s).
These are errors that could never be avoided by any predictive equation that assigned a predicted value for the dependent variable as a function of the value(s) of the independent variable(s).
The remainder of the residual sum of squares is attributed to lack of fit of the model since it would be mathematically possible to eliminate these errors entirely.
Principle.
In order for the lack-of-fit sum of squares to differ from the sum of squares of residuals, there must be more than one value of the response variable for at least one of the values of the set of predictor variables.
To have a lack-of-fit sum of squares that differs from the residual sum of squares, one must observe more than one "y"-value for each of one or more of the "x"-values.
The sum of squares due to lack of fit is the "weighted" sum of squares of differences between each average of "y"-values corresponding to the same "x"-value and the corresponding fitted "y"-value, the weight in each case being simply the number of observed "y"-values for that "x"-value.
Mathematical details.
Consider fitting a line with one predictor variable.
Define "i" as an index of each of the "n" distinct "x" values, "j" as an index of the response variable observations for a given "x" value, and "n""i" as the number of "y" values associated with the "i" th "x" value.
Sums of squares.
If the model is wrong, then the probability distribution of the denominator is still as stated above, and the numerator and denominator are still independent.
But the numerator then has a noncentral chi-squared distribution, and consequently the quotient as a whole has a non-central F-distribution.
One uses this F-statistic to test the null hypothesis that the linear model is correct.
Since the non-central F-distribution is stochastically larger than the (central) F-distribution, one rejects the null hypothesis if the F-statistic is larger than the critical F value.
Gotlands nation is one of the 13 student nations at Uppsala University.
It is named for the island of Gotland, where most of its students come from.
Gotlands is one of the smallest of Uppsala's nations, rarely going above 800 members.
It is also notably the only nation in Uppsala with its nation building on the east side of the River fyris.
Born in the town of Martell, Pierce County, Wisconsin, Baird received his bachelor's and law degrees from University of Minnesota.
He moved to Dickinson, North Dakota and practiced law.
From 1921 to 1927, Baird served in the North Dakota State Senate.
He then served as North Dakota receiver of closed banks from 1927 to 1947.
From 1941 to the end of World War II, he had also served as Chairman for the North Dakota Defense Council.
It belongs to the "Verbandsgemeinde" of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Geography.
Location.
History.
Roman archaeological finds have been unearthed east of the village on the way to Metzenhausen.
The reverse shows a standing woman with the mark SC.
Another "grand bronze" coin from Hadrian's reign (117-138).
The reverse shows a standing Diana with the SC.
In District 1 of the municipal forest, a Roman bronze basin was found.
In 1310, Todenroth had its first documentary mention in a taxation register kept by the Counts of Sponheim.
In 1312, a document mentioned a man named Kunemann von Todenroth.
The 1438 directory of holdings mentioned two Sponheim estates in Todenroth.
Beginning in 1794, Todenroth lay under French rule.
In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna.
The Evangelical church, a Gothic Revival aisleless church, was built in 1894.
Since 1946, Todenroth has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Religion.
The Evangelical parish of Todenroth, to which Kludenbach and Metzenhausen also belonged, merged in 1978 with the Evangelical parish of Ober Kostenz.
Politics.
Municipal council.
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
Mayor.
Coat of arms.
Vorn eine goldene Kirche.
From the early 14th century, Todenroth is witnessed as a holding of the Counts of Sponheim.
The church on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side refers to the one that towers over the village.
The waterwheels refer to the three mills that were once in the village, in the Kyrbach valley.
Culture and sightseeing.
Buildings.
Transport.
RJ Rohith is an Indian actor and Radio Jockey who works in Kannada-language films and television.
Career.
Rohith is a radio jockey who voiced the shows such as "Take it Easy" and "Big Nayaka" on BIG FM 92.7.
He was a contestant on the second season of "Bigg Boss Kannada" and worked as a host for the television show "Divided".
After playing a supporting role in "Bombay Mittai", he made his lead film debut with "Karvva" in which he portrayed one of the lead roles.
The film was a success upon release.
In addition to starring in the film, Rohith also co-wrote the film.
Bangalore Education Society is a co-educational school in Malleswaram, in the north-west of Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
It is situated off Margosa Road in 8th Cross Malleswaram next to Gandhi Sahitya Sanga.
Los Straitjackets is the second studio album by American instrumental rock band Los Straitjackets, released in June 1996 by Upstart Records.
It is known as the first Eastern European settlement, where Neanderthal remains were found.
Both settlements are located in the foothills of the Crimean Mountains in the East Crimea.
The similarity between the Kizil-Koba culture and the Koban culture created by the Cimmerian tribes in the Caucasus leads to suppose that the Kizil-Koba culture emerged in the Caucasus.
Kizil-Koba Cave.
Name.
Kizil-Koba (The Krasnaya Cave -literally translates as the Red Cave) is the biggest grotto of the Crimea and one of the karst cave that appear on the limestone in Eastern Europe.
Geography.
Kizil Koba cave was discovered by G. A. Bonch-Osmolovsky in 1924 and investigated over 2 years by him along with N. L. Ernst, S.A. Trusova, E.V.Zhirov and others.
G. A. Bonch-Osmolovsky published monographs and articles about the results of cave materials and excavations in 1934, 1940, 1941, 1954.
Finding the Kizil-Koba created the conditions for the discovery of the new Paleolithic settlements in Crimea and extensive study of the Quaternary period.
Cultural remainings.
A large number of ceramic artefacts, including bronze arrow heads, choker, bracelets and rings dating back to the 7th to 6th centuries B.C. were found by N. L. Ernst and G. A. Bonch-Osmolovsky.
Bonch-Osmolovsky identified 7 layers in Kiik Koba cave and labeled them I-VII from the top to the bottom. 12874 lithics were revealed from the lower occupation, 4.755 from the upper occupation.
In layer IIa, Mesolithic remains were found (50 pieces).
Two Neanderthal interments (an adult and a child) were uncovered in 1924 from Kizil-Koba cave.
They were identified as Kiik-Koba 1 (adult) and Kiik-Koba 2 (child).
Kiik-koba 1 buried in limestone soil was found in layer VI.
Findings consist of canine, hand fragments, foot remains, right patella, tibia and fibula.
The gender of this Neandertal is controversial, as some scholars (Alexeev) assumed that it was female, however, according to the tibial maximum and body proportions of Neandertals, it is presumed that the skeleton belonged to a man.
In the upper occupation of Kizil Koba remains of different animals were detected.
(1) Based on the pollen spectra, it is believed that Upper layer had larger areas covered with trees (pine, oak, hazel, birch) than Lower layer.
Some of other tree species (maple, juniper and buckthorn) were determined from the charcoal relics.
Prolom I.
The materials found in the Prolom I cave are similar to the Kilik-Koba findings.
The Prolom I cave was explored by Yu.
G. Kolosov in 1973. 7 lithological layers were identified here.
The cave is covered with limestone in the south-eastern part dating back to the Middle Eocene age.
The cave has 2 caverns.
The larger one is 4 m high, 5 m long and 7 m wide, while the other has 1.5 m height, 5 m length and 2.5 m width.
Siren is an American fantasy drama television series that follows Ryn Fisher (played by Eline Powell), a young siren who comes to a small coastal town looking for her abducted older sister.
The series premiered on Freeform on March 29, 2018.
The first season included 10 episodes.
In May 2019, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on April 2, 2020.
The series was canceled in August 2020.
Premise.
The coastal town of Bristol Cove, Washington, known for its legends of once being home to mermaids and mermen for centuries, is turned upside down when a mysterious young woman (Eline Powell) appears and begins wreaking havoc upon the small fishing town to look for her captured older sister (Sibongile Mlambo) who was abducted at the hands of the local military.
Marine biologists Ben (Alex Roe) and Maddie (Fola Evans-Akingbola) work together to find out who and what drove this primal hunter of the deep sea to land.
By Season Two, more merpeople started appearing in Bristol Cove due to the pollution in the nearby waters and the sonic waves from the oil rig.
Additionally, Pownall's paralysis is gradually being counteracted by Ryn's mermaid stem cells.
And Ryn's daughter, who has been carried by a surrogate, must be protected at all costs.
To further escalate matters, Ted Pownall has finally acknowledged the existence of merpeople and seems to be on a dangerous path, just as his great-great-great-grandfather had.
Cast and characters.
Merpeople.
When humans and merpeople secretly mated over the centuries, they produce children with a varied blend of bloodlines, from one-eighth, to one-quarter, to half of both species.
Development.
On July 25, 2016, Freeform orders a pilot titled "The Deep", based on a story by Eric Wald and Dean White, who will serve as executive producers on the pilot, Wald wrote the script.
Scott Stewart will direct the pilot, and Emily Whitesell will serve as the showrunner.
On April 19, 2017, the series was officially picked up with the current title for broadcast in the summer of 2018.
On October 7, 2017, it was announced that the series would be released on March 29, 2018 in a two-hour event.
On May 15, 2018, the series was renewed for a 16-episode second season which premiered on January 24, 2019.
On May 14, 2019, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on April 2, 2020.
On August 5, 2020, Freeform canceled the series after three seasons.
Casting.
On August 24, 2016, Eline Powell joined the cast in the role of Po (renamed Ryn) and Rena Owen as Helen.
On September 26, 2016, Ian Verdun joined the cast in the role of Xander, followed by a few days of Alex Roe and Fola Evans-Akingbola in the roles of Ben and Maddie, respectively.
Chad Rook announced on May 16, 2017 via Twitter that he will be in the series playing Chris Mueller.
On July 26, 2017, it was announced that Sibongile Mlambo joined the cast as regular as Donna.
On August 14, 2019, Tiffany Lonsdale was cast as a new series regular for the third season.
Music.
Michael A. Levine is the former composer of "Siren"'s score.
Throughout the composition cycle, Levine incorporated the sounds of the tenor violin, octave viola (ciola), and the gusli.
A soundtrack release date has yet to be announced by Freeform.
Filming.
The pilot was filmed in October 2016, in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada.
Pre-production started on July 26, 2017.
The official shooting of the remaining episodes began on August 4, 2017, and continued until November 22, 2017.
Filming for season 3 began on August 1, 2019 and ended on December 16, 2019.
Marketing.
The trailer was released on April 19, 2017, the same day it was picked up.
The first episode was shown at the New York Comic Con in October 2017.
Broadcast.
In the United Kingdom, the first season premiered on SyFy on May 3, 2018.
The following year, the second season premiered on February 14, 2019.
Reception.
Critical response.
Sevkar (, ) is a village in the Ijevan Municipality of the Tavush Province of Armenia.
Felicity Smoak is a fictional character appearing in comics published by DC Comics.
She was originally the manager of a computer software firm who opposed the superhero Firestorm because of his recklessness, eventually becoming the second wife of Edward Raymond and stepmother to Ronnie Raymond, one-half of the integrated dual identity of the superhero.
A re-imagined Felicity Smoak, portrayed by Emily Bett Rickards, featured in the television series "Arrow" and its extended universe of shows, collectively known as the Arrowverse.
An I.T.
The pair also become romantically involved, and eventually marry with Felicity giving birth to their daughter Mia Smoak.
This interpretation of the character was placed at number 15 in a list of 50 Favorite Female Characters, in a poll of Hollywood professionals conducted by "The Hollywood Reporter" in 2016.
A similar version of Felicity was introduced as the New 52 incarnation of the character in "Green Arrow" (vol.
Fictional character biography.
The Fury of Firestorm.
Portrayed as the supervisor of a New York computer software firm in her 1984 debut appearance, Felicity first meets Firestorm in the course of one of his battles with a villain, where he inadvertently magnetizes and effectively destroys several of the computers storing the software programs in development.
This results in millions of dollars in property damage, which threatens to ruin the software firm and leads to a heated confrontation between Felicity and Firestorm where she threatened to organize a class action lawsuit against him.
Felicity would make recurring appearance, often taking an adversarial role against Firestorm and making a point of explaining what the collateral damage of his battles cost her and other civilians.
On one occasion, a frustrated Firestorm lashes out against Felicity's confrontational behavior by using his molecular transmutation powers to transform her clothes to soap suds, a tactic he previously used on the supervillain Plastique.
Humiliated from being rendered nude in public, Felicity retaliates by filing a lawsuit against him.
At some point, Felicity develops a romantic relationship with Ed Raymond.
She has no idea that Ed's son Ronnie is the other half of Firestorm.
When Ronald discovers that Felicity is seeing his father, he is uncertain how to treat her due to their past interactions.
Over time, Felicity and Ed fall deeply in love and are married.
After the wedding Felicity learns the truth about Ronnie's secret dual identity, but by this point she had forgiven him for his past transgressions, although she would still insist on reminding him about the importance of using his superpowers in a responsible manner.
The New 52.
DC Comics rebooted its comic properties in 2011 as part of a relaunch entitled The New 52, which led to the character of Felicity Smoak being brought back in a fashion similar to the version seen on "Arrow".
After proving her hacker credentials by explaining to him that she knows his secret identity, as well as highly specific details from his superhero, personal, professional and family lives, she offers to become a part of his team out of a desire to help him save the city.
Surmising that whoever hired her to kill Oliver has extremely evil plans, she teams up with Green Arrow to track down her client's other target, a woman named Mia Dearden, who they soon discover is being pursued by the deadly archer Merlyn.
Oliver saves her from Cheetah with some help from Steve Trevor of A.R.G.U.S.
Ultimately, Oliver saves Mia from the man pursuing her and her father John King.
Oliver also exposes him as a murderer who used bribery and corruption to control Seattle.
Felicity is then invited by Trevor to join A.R.G.U.S., but appears to reject his offer in favor of working with Oliver.
Alternate versions.
DC Bombshells.
In an alternate history version of World War II depicted in "DC Comics Bombshells", a young Felicity and her family were evicted from their house in Gotham City by their landlord because they violated the law by taking care of some relatives, who have fled the horrors of Europe.
The landlord tries to take some of their personal belongings, justifying as taking back rent.
Felicity argues with him, saying she won't turn her back to her own family.
Fortunately, a team of Batgirls come to the rescue, saving the Smoak family and all their belongings.
Felicity and her family are later moved to a safe house by the young heroines.
Smoak eventually joins the Batgirls and dons a costume herself.
Now thirteen years old, she travels with fellow Batgirl Alysia Yeoh to Hawaii, where the pair discover Black Canary.
Felicity uses her technical skills and knowledge to help trace the source of mysterious radio signals that are acting as a means of mind control.
In order to fully analyze the source of the signal, Felicity locks herself in the radio tower, exposing her to the mind control.
She is able to write the location down and show it to the waiting Frankie Charles before succumbing to its effects.
Felicity and the other victims of the mind control signal are freed by Black Canary and Bumblebee following the defeat of Granny Goodness.
In other media.
Arrowverse.
Live-action.
A reimagined Felicity Smoak appears in the television series "Arrow", itself a reimagining of the Green Arrow mythos, portrayed by Emily Bett Rickards.
The character is introduced as an I.T. genius, being a skilled hacker and computer expert, with a degree from M.I.T.
She joins Oliver Queen on his vigilante mission, and later founds her own company "Smoak Technologies".
Oliver and Felicity begin a romantic relationship which eventually leads to their marriage and the birth of their daughter Mia Smoak.
The character was originally introduced in the third episode of season one, "Lone Gunmen", as a one-off character.
Due to the positive reaction both from Stephen Amell and from Warner Brothers producer Peter Roth, the character was made recurring in season one and from season two onwards, became part of the main cast.
The character also makes appearances in "Arrow" spin-offs "The Flash", "Legends of Tomorrow" and "Vixen" as well as appearings in a season three episode of the Earth-38 set series "Supergirl", during the Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Earth-X".
Rickards left "Arrow" at the end of its seventh season but returned as a guest star for the series finale, "Fadeout" which aired in January 2020.
Print media.
Felicity features in the digital tie-in comics to the Arrowverse series, "Arrow Season 2.5", "Flash Season Zero" and in "Smoak Signals" parts 1 and 2.
She is one of the four protagonists of the two tie-in comics produced to accompany the Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths", released in December 2019 and January 2020 respectively.
Felicity also features in Barry Lyga's "Crossover Crisis" trilogy published in 2019, in May 2020 and in March 2021.
Web series.
Felicity (again portrayed by Rickards) features in the promotional tie-in web series for "Arrow", entitled "Blood Rush".
Whittington High Level railway station is one of two former railway stations in the village of Whittington, Shropshire, England.
History.
Whittington High Level railway station was opened as plain "Whittington" by the Cambrian Railways, on their single-track Oswestry to Whitchurch line.
The Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway were in the process of building the station when the company was absorbed into the newly created Cambrian Railways in 1864.
The Cambrian itself was incorporated into the GWR at the grouping of 1923.
In 1948 both of Whittington's lines and stations became part of the Western Region of British Railways.
In 1924 the two "Whittington" stations in the village were renamed.
This station gained the suffix "High Level" and its neighbour on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line became .
The line was generally single track with passing loops, one of which was at Whittington High Level station, which was on an embankment.
The platforms, station buildings and signalbox were made of wood.
The station was damaged by fire in 1958.
The line and station have been demolished.
Atawallpa accepted the invitation for the following day.
The capture of the Inca king took place in the city of Kashamarka (modern-day Cajamarca).
Pre-Columbian Pultumarka shows occupation since the Cajamarca culture and subsequently of the Inca culture.
Near Cajamarca (Caxamalca), "at a distance of about a league farther, across the valley, might be seen columns of vapor rising up towards the heavens, indicating the place of the famous baths, much frequented by the Peruvian princes."
Pipavav is the name of village which is used while naming the name of Port Pipavav, the first private sector port in India ().
Two Goliath gantry cranes of Reliance-Shipyard and the Port Pipavav portainer cranes are landmarks in that area.
History.
The name 'Pipavav' has two parts, the name Pipa originates from the name of Saint Pipaji, who was a king from Rajasthan, left his kingdom in search of the eternity along with his queen Sitadevi.
Vav in Gujarati refers to a well.
Pipavav village is still having a well which was dug by Saint Pipaji.
A temple of Radha and Krishna is in the village, there is a saying that the idols were obtained during the digging process of the well than.
Villagers mentions the importance of the place during the Mahabharata time, wherein Krishna, with Rukmini while going to Dwarks, halted in Pipavav.
The Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness (ASSC) is a non-profit organization for professional membership that aims to encourage research on consciousness in cognitive science, neuroscience, philosophy, and other relevant disciplines.
The association aims to advance research about the nature, function, and underlying mechanisms of consciousness.
History.
The organization was created in 1994 in Berkeley.
The original aim of the organization was to act as a framework by which the international academic community could generate meetings devoted to the academic study of consciousness.
The original founding members included Bernard Baars, William Banks, George Buckner, David Chalmers, Stanley Klein, Bruce Mangan, Thomas Metzinger, David Rosenthal, and Patrick Wilken.
Since 1994 the organization has put on eleven meetings and assumed many other activities, including an e-print archive and an online journal "Psyche".
The "Psyche" journal is no longer active.
Activities.
Biography.
Trambas was born in Arta in 1929.
He graduated from the Theological School of the University of Athens in 1951.
He served his military service at the Military Department of Religion and preached at the military units of Northern Greece.
In 1956, he was tonsured monk of the Holy Monastery of Leimonos in Mytilene, Greece.
He was ordained Deacon and served as a preacher at the Metropolis of Methymnis.
In 1961 he was ordained Priest and received the office of Archimandrite.
In 1963, he returned to the Greek Army and served as chaplain in the Evros area.
From 1969 to 1974, he held the office of Chancellor (senior Archimandrite) of the Archdiocese of Athens.
While at this position he established and organized the Center for Family Support and other public welfare institutions of the Archdiocese of Athens.
In November 1975, he volunteered to serve the Orthodox Church in Korea, and with permission from the Holy Synod of Constantinople, became Dean of the St. Nicholas Church in Seoul.
In 1986, he was appointed to be the chairman of the Orthodox Eastern Mission.
As chairman, he translated Greek church texts into Korean and founded the monastery, a seminary and several parishes in Korea and in other places in Asia.
Then in 1991, he was elected an auxiliary bishop of the Metropolis of New Zealand and Exarch of Korea and was given the title of Bishop of Zelon, and after more than a decade in 2004 he was elected first Metropolitan of newly established Orthodox Metropolis of Korea by the Holy Synod of Constantinople.
He also received an honorary citizenship of the Seoul in 2000.
In 2008, he resigned voluntarily as Metropolitan of Korea for health reasons.
is a French animated television series produced by Millimages.
The series is an adaptation based upon the work of Yves Got.
The original voice cast consists of Marceau Villand as Didou and Bonnie Lener as Sophie, whereas the English voice cast consists of Emma Tate as Louie, Shelley Longworth as Yoko, Sue Elliott Nicholls and Matt Wilkinson as additional drawings, and The Hot Kool Kids as off-screen voices.
The series aired on France 5 in Zouzous, Nickelodeon, Super RTL, Discovery Kids Latin America (whose Latin American rights passed to Nickelodeon itself, starting on August 6, 2012 - seven months after the Discovery Kids broadcast ended), Disney Channel, ABC, CITV, and CBeebies - the former aired the show from February 12, 2006 to April 7, 2008.
A spin-off series, titled "Didou, Construis-Moi!"
The village has a population of about 200.
It is home to the municipal kindergarten, an elementary school, a shop, and many thriving clubs and organizations.
The village sits at the intersection of the Norwegian National Road 41 and the Norwegian County Road 413.
The village of Eppeland lies about to the northeast, the village of Vehus lies about to the south, and the village of Ytre Ramse lies about to the northwest.
History.
Culture.
The youth club gathers every other Friday night and is popular with the local youth.
Tourism.
Andriy Vyacheslavovych Chornovil () was a self-nominated candidate in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election.
In the election he collected over 36,000 votes, placing 11th place.
He is an elder son of the famous Ukrainian dissident and a leader of People's Movement of Ukraine, Vyacheslav Chornovil.
Andriy has a brother, Taras Chornovil.
Andriy Chornovil is a deputy of Lviv regional council.
Since June 2004 he has been an Assistant Professor of Infection Illnesses at the National Medical University of Lviv.
Description.
The sepals are somewhat broader than the petals.
The lip is trilobate, with the lateral lobes larger than the median lobe.
The callus consists of two lamina at the apex of the column, followed by three broad keels.
Taxonomic Quibbles.
Drosophila substenoptera is an endangered species of fly in the species rich lineage of Hawaiian Drosophilidae.
It is only found on the island of Oahu.
Historically it was collected throughout the Ko'olau and Wai'anae ranges, but now is only known to occur near the summit of Mt.
Kaala.
"D. substenoptera" is a member of the "planitibia" species group and "neopicta" subgroup within the picture-wing clade.
Description.
This species was described by D. Elmo Hardy in 1965 as "Idiomyia substenoptera".
Its name was changed when "Idiomyia" was merged into the genus "Drosophila" by Hampton L. Carson and others in 1967.
This fly is yellow with two black stripes on the thorax, and has narrow wings with brown markings.
"D. substenoptera" lives in wet forest habitat and has been recorded breeding on rotting bark from plants in the genera "Cheirodendron" and "Tetraplasandra".
Conservation.
"Drosophila substenoptera" was listed as federally endangered in 2006 along with ten other species of picture-wing "Drosophila".
Sir Clement Clerke, 1st Baronet (died 1693) was an important (but financially unsuccessful) English entrepreneur, whose greatest achievement was the application of the reverberatory furnace (cupola) to smelting lead and copper, and to remelting pig iron for foundry purposes.
Background.
Clement Clerke was the third son of George Clerke of Willoughby, Warwickshire, and was created a baronet shortly after the Restoration.
He was married to Sarah, daughter and heiress of George Talbot of Rudge, Shropshire.
In 1657, he bought the Launde Abbey estate in Leicestershire in 1658 and this was settled on him and his wife.
They had another estate at Notgrove in Gloucestershire.
Iron smelting.
In the early 1670s, Sir Clement joined various other people in sponsoring Dud Dudley to build a furnace at Dudley to smelt iron using a mixed fuel made from wood and coal.
This (uniquely) was to be powered by the strength of men and of horses.
By 1674 Sir Clement and John Finch of Dudley were the only partners.
A few months later, John Finch sold all his works to Alderman John Foorth (of London) and Sir Clement Clerke.
They also bought wood in the Forest of Dean, but found that the King's Ironworks there had been sold to Paul Foley for demolition and had to build their own furnace at Linton, Herefordshire.
They then brought in further partners including John's brother Dannett Foorth and George Skippe of Ledbury.
They also bought further ironworks from Philip Foley.
This proved to be a troubled business because Sir Clement borrowed money from moneylenders on the security of his share (in breach of the terms of the partnership agreement).
This led Dannett Foorth having him Sir Clement arrested for debt, and George Skippe bailing him out.
These difficulties were resolved by the sale of the ironworks in 1676, and the dissolution of the partnership.
The River Stour.
During their partnership, Andrew Yarranton persuaded John Foorth and Sir Clement Clerke to finance the completion of the navigation of the Worcestershire Stour.
This would have been a convenience for them, as it ran near some of their works, but nothing was done except pay off some debts, due to the problems with the ironworks business.
Lead smelting.
Lord Grandison had financed a certain Samuel Hutchinson, who had a patent for smelting lead with pitcoal, but failed.
Grandison then approached Sir Clement.
Grandison and Robert Thorowgood (a King's Lynn merchant) provided the capital in 1678 for Sir Clement and Francis Nicholson (Grandison's dependent) to set up lead works.
Sir Clement went to Bristol and built cupolas - reverberatory furnaces, but when Sir Clement went back for the rest of the capital, he found that Nicholson had taken it to Derbyshire and lost it.
In 1683, there was a complicated agreement to the effect that business should be carried on by Sir Clement's son Talbot, but he was not quite 21 years old so that the business had to be in the name of a trustee.
The business was in fact profitable.
Talbot sought to declare a dividend, but Lord Grandison and his fellow financier, Hon.
Henry Howard demanded that they be repaid money that they said Sir Clement owed them.
This led to litigation, during the course of which one Gravely Claypoole was appointed by the court to run the works for Grandison.
The litigation was ultimately resolved in Talbot's favour.
Another venture related to the production of white lead.
This was in the names of Talbot's trustee an Grandison's son Edward Fitzgerald Villiers, but was evidently not successful, with the result that money had to be obtained by mortgaging Launde Abbey to repay Villiers.
Copper and company flotations.
In 1687, while the lead cupola was out of their possession, Sir Clement and Talbot built a reverberatory furnace at Putney and smelted copper there.
A patent was obtained for this in 1688.
This led to the establishment of a copper smelting works close to the banks of the River Wye at Redbrook and the chartering of the English Copper Company.
With the conclusion of the litigation, the cupola near Bristol reverted to Talbot Clerke.
The Company for Smelting down Lead with Pitcoal (later in different ownership known as the London Lead Company) was chartered to run this, but this was evidently not successful and returned to Talbot (by then Sir Talbot) in 1695.
'A work for remelting and casting old iron with sea coal' was built at 'Fox Hall' (probably Vauxhall under the direction of Sir Clement.
This was the first reverberatory furnace (in this case known as an 'air furnace') to be built for iron foundry purposes.
This seems to have formed the basis for the Company for Making Iron with Pitcoal, though it may also have been intended to exploit a patent granted to Thomas Addison in 1692.
The company ran its foundry for a few years, with Thomas Fox (the brother of Shadrach Fox of Coalbrookdale) as founder.
Impact.
Sir Clement is certainly to be credited with the practical application of the reverberatory furnace (or cupola) to several metallurgical processes.
Until the introduction in the late 18th century of the foundry cupola (which is a sort of small blast furnace), his air furnace was the normal way of remelting pig for foundry purposes.
The cupola (reverberatory furnace) long remained in use for smelted copper and lead, and was applied by Robert Lyddall to tin.
Sir Clement died in debt in 1693.
Lautaro Daniel Mesa (born 26 April 1997) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward.
Career.
In February 2016, Mesa signed a new three-year contract with the club.
On 20 August 2017, Mesa joined Brown of Primera B Nacional on loan.
Nonaflate, , is the common name given to nonafluorobutanesulfonates, the salts or esters of perfluorobutanesulfonic acid.
Its uses are similar to those of triflate.
It is a good leaving group.
Kabulia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae.
This article describes the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) severe weather terminology.
The JMA defines precise meanings for nearly all its weather terms as the .
This article describes JMA terminology and related JMA weather scales.
Some terms may be specific to certain regions.
Warning Categories.
Severe weather bulletins are issued as an advisory or a warning, depending on the risk or severity of the event.
Less severe events that could be a cause for concern will be issued as a bulletin or an advisory.
Meteorological Warnings.
Weather advisories and warnings are issued when potentially hazardous weather is occurring or is forecast for the short-term period.
General Warnings.
Due to its local-scale nature, an advisory is typically issued in advance for public forecast areas where conditions may be favorable for the development of severe weather.
The 2015 Georgia Southern Eagles football team represented Georgia Southern University in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
They were led by second-year head coach Willie Fritz and played their home games at Paulson Stadium in Statesboro, Georgia.
This season was the Eagles second season in the Sun Belt Conference and the first season for full bowl eligibility.
On December 12, head coach Willie Fritz resigned to become the head coach at Tulane.
The Eagles were led by assistant head coach and running backs coach Dell McGee in the GoDaddy Bowl.
Schedule.
Georgia Southern announced their 2015 football schedule on February 27, 2015.
The 2015 schedule consists of six home and away games in the regular season.
Burnchurch is a civil parish in Shillelogher, County Kilkenny, Ireland.
It has an area of .
Etymology.
The name of the parish derives from the townland of Burnchurch situated within the parish.
The Irish name was later corrupted into different spellings such as Kiltranyn, Kiltranen, Kyltranyn, Kiltranye and Kiltranyheyn.
Kiltrani seemes to be the earliest surviving mention in 1225.
After the Norman invasion of Ireland the parish was granted to the Fitzmaurice family. 81) in the Calendar of Ormond Deeds dated 1429 states- "Richard Horihan quit-claims to John, son of Richard Tobyn of Barlesky, all claim in all his messuages, lands and tenements in Kylamery to him and his heirs for ever.
Given on the feast of St. Dallan in the 7th year of Henry VI.
January 29, 1429.
Seal".
Barlesky and Kylamery are corruptions of the modern townlands of Caherlesk and Killamery in the adjoining parishes of Ballytobin and Killamery.
According to Fr.
In Latin it was named Ecclesia Cremata and Ecclesia Combusta), but there is lack of documentary evidence for this burning.
The earliest mention of the name Burnchurch dates from the beginning of the 15th century.
 is a Japanese idol singer, actress and a former member of the Japanese idol girl group Nogizaka46.
She was also the captain of the group before her departure.
Career.
In 2011, Sakurai auditioned for Nogizaka46 and was chosen as one of the first generation members.
Her audition song was Happiness's "Kiss Me".
She was chosen as one of the members performing on their debut single "Guruguru Curtain", released on February 22, 2012.
She took the front position for Nogizaka46's second single "Oide Shampoo", released on May 2, 2012.
In June 2012, she was appointed the captain of Nogizaka46.
After graduating from high school, she studied sociology at college.
In April 2013, she regularly appeared on the television drama "Bad Boys J" with other Nogizaka46 members.
Former Nogizaka46 bandmate Yumi Wakatsuki also played the same role.
In February 2017, she shot herself to promote her photo book titled "Jiyu to Iu Koto" which was released on March 8, 2017.
On July 8, 2019, Sakurai announced that she would be graduating from Nogizaka46 on September 1, 2019, timing her graduation to coincide with the final stop of the group's national summer tour.
More specifically, in musical notation, sharp means "higher in pitch by one semitone (half step)".
A sharp is the opposite of a flat, a lowering of pitch.
In intonation, "sharp" can also mean "slightly higher in pitch" (by some unspecified amount).
The verb "sharpen" means to raise the pitch of a note by a small amount, typically less than a semitone.
Examples.
A sharp symbol, , is used in key signatures or as an accidental.
For instance, the music below has a key signature with three sharps (indicating either A major or F minor, the relative minor) and the note, A, has a sharp accidental.
F and A) are distinct.
Variants.
Double sharps are indicated by the symbol and raise a note by two semitones, or one whole tone.
It raises a note by three semitones or a whole tone and a semitone.
In modern notation the natural sign has been often omitted.
In the above progression, the key of C major (with seven sharps) may be more conveniently written as the harmonically equivalent key D major (with five flats), and likewise C major (with seven flats) may be more conveniently written as B major (with five sharps).
Correctly drawing and displaying the sharp sign.
Both signs have two sets of parallel double-lines.
However, a correctly drawn sharp sign has two slanted parallel lines that rise from left to right, to avoid obscuring the staff lines.
The number sign, in contrast, has two completely horizontal strokes in this place.
Likewise, although the double-sharp sign resembles a bold-face lower-case x it also needs to be presented in a way that makes the two typographically distinct.
The Guinean People's Party (, PPG) was a small political party in Guinea-Bissau.
History.
Florent Vollant (born August 10, 1959 in Labrador) is a Canadian singer-songwriter.
An Innu from Maliotenam, Quebec, he was half of the popular folk music duo Kashtin, one of the most significant musical groups in First Nations history.
He has subsequently released four solo albums.
His solo album "Puamuna", which means 'dreams' in Innu, was the first time Vollant recorded a full album in his own studio.
Mike Poge (born 23 January 1969) is a professional German darts player who currently playing in the Professional Darts Corporation events.
Darts Career.
Deborah Kennedy is an Australian character actress recognised for several television and film roles, especially for her appearance in the famous Australian Yellow Pages advertisement with the line "Not happy, Jan!".
Career.
Kennedy began her acting career on the stage, with the Marian Street Theatre, Killara, appearing in "The Trojan Woman" and "Macbeth".
She followed this with work with several other theatrical organisations including SUDS, Repertory 200, the New Theatre, and the Pegeant Theatre.
For the Nimrod theatre starting in 1975 she had several roles in plays, acting in "Much Ado About Nothing" and "Richard III".
Other theatre work includes "Travelling North", "House of the Deaf Man", "Accidental Death of an Anarchist", "Desert Flambe".
Starting in the 1970s she also acted in various television roles, with appearances in "Certain Women", "Silent Number", "Waygoose", "Doctor Down Under", "The Restless Years", "Bellamy", "1915" (miniseries).
Film roles of the period include "Tim" (1979) which starred Mel Gibson and Piper Laurie, "Dawn!"
(1979), "Temperament Unsuited".
In the 1980s she played a brief guest role in soap opera "Prisoner", and in 1991 was a regular cast member of serial "Chances".
She continued in that role several months until her character, nurse Connie Reynolds, was written out of the show as part of a cast revamp.
In the 1990s continued television guest appearances included a recurring part in "Police Rescue" and roles in series "Wildside" and "Good Guys Bad Guys".
She continued to play supporting roles in feature films, including "I Can't Get Started" (1985), "The Empty Beach" (1985), "Death in Brunswick" (1991), "The Sum of Us" (1994), "Idiot Box" (1996), "Thank God He Met Lizzie" (1997), "My Mother Frank" (2000), "Matter of Life" (2001), "Swimming Upstream" (2003).
She also appeared in two children's programs, "Johnson and Friends" and "Boffins".
Kennedy also delivered the famous (in Australia) catch-phrase "Not happy, Jan!" in the oft-quoted TV commercial for the Yellow Pages telephone directory.
Starting 2006, Kennedy appeared in a recurring role in the soap opera "Neighbours" as Mishka Schneiderova, Lou Carpenter's Russian partner whom he met online.
After completing a stint in the series Mishka made her on-air return in Australia in October 2006.
Kennedy appeared in the comedy series "The Jesters" in 2009 and has had guest roles on television series "Dance Academy", "Rake", and "Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries".
Since 2013 Kennedy has been a regular cast member in the Australian period drama "A Place to Call Home" playing the role of Inverness local gossip who means well, Doris Collins.
Kennedy also had a brief role in the first series of the ABC's "Janet King".
In 1925, Bagir Seyidzade came to Baku.
After a while he entered the working faculty, which he graduated from in 1930.
For a couple of months, Bagir Seyidzade worked as a proofreader at "Kandli" newspaper.
He then graduated from the faculty of oil technology of the Azerbaijani Industrial Institute.
In 1932-1940, he worked as the secretary and editor at "Ganj ishi" (Youth affairs) newspaper.
In 1940-1943, he was the secretary of the Central Committee of the Leninist Young Communist League of the Azerbaijani SSR.
After completing diplomatic courses in Moscow, Bagir Seyidzade was sent to Iran where he started his diplomatic career.
In 1944-1949, he was the consul, vice consul and chief consul in Maku and Tabriz.
Bagir Seyidzade played an important role in establishing the government in Southern Azerbaijan, for which he was awarded "21 Azer" medal by the national government.
After returning from Iran he was appointed the minister of cinematography of the Azerbaijani SSR.
He created the press department, which he later headed.
The department merged with the ministry of culture of the Azerbaijani SSR, and Bagir Seyidzade was appointed the deputy minister of culture.
He was also involved in journalism and translation.
Bagir Seyidzade is considered one of the founders of the Azerbaijani school of translation.
He was the deputy Director General of Azerinform (AzerTAc).
Bagir Seyidzade died of an extensive heart attack.
The Dorsey Brothers were an American studio dance band, led by Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey.
They started recording in 1928 for OKeh Records.
History.
The Dorsey Brothers recorded songs for the dime store labels (Banner, Cameo, Domino, Jewel, Oriole, Perfect).
A handful of sides during their Brunswick period were issued by Vocalion.
They signed to Decca in 1934, formed a touring band, with Tommy as front man, and a rather unusual lineup of one trumpet, three trombones, three saxes and four rhythm.
The band performed live mainly in the New England area, with acrimony between the brothers steadily building up, until a definitive falling out between Tommy and Jimmy over the tempo of "I'll Never Say Never Again Again" in May 1935, after which Tommy walked off the stage.
Glenn Miller composed four songs for the Dorsey Brothers when he was a member in 1934 and 1935, "Annie's Cousin Fannie", on which both Tommy and Glenn share the rather racy vocal, "Dese Dem Dose", "Harlem Chapel Chimes", and "Tomorrow's Another Day".
Miller left in late 1934 to take up the job as Ray Noble's musical director and arranger.
In 1935, the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra had two No. 1 recordings on Decca, including "Lullaby of Broadway" with Bob Crosby on vocals, topping the charts for two weeks and No. 1 for three weeks.
Tommy Dorsey permanently left the orchestra in 1935 to take over the Joe Haymes band, turning it into Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra, with the nucleus of the Dorsey Brothers' Orchestra carrying on under Jimmy's leadership.
Tommy's chair was filled by the 16-year-old Bobby Byrne.
The Dorseys reunited on March 15, 1945, to record a V-Disc at Liederkranz Hall in New York City.
Released in June 1945, the disc contained "More Than You Know" and "Brotherly Jump".
The songs were performed by the combined orchestras of Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey.
They reunited again in 1947 for the film "The Fabulous Dorseys".
In 1950, Jimmy disbanded his orchestra and joined Tommy's band on a permanent basis.
On May 23, 1953, the combined orchestra made its television debut on the "Jackie Gleason Show."
Starting in 1954, they had a network TV series, "Stage Show" produced by Jackie Gleason.
Elvis Presley made his national television debut on their show in 1956.
Charlie Parker, who as a fledgling alto sax player expressed an admiration for Jimmy, died in front of the TV while watching a Dorsey Brothers' show.
When in November 1956 Tommy died in his sleep from choking on his own vomit, Jimmy, already desperately ill, carried on for some months with Tommy's silent trombone displayed on stage, until in June 1957 he succumbed to lung cancer.
Jimmy and Tommy appeared as the Mystery Guests on the October 16, 1955 airing of "What's My Line?".
They were guessed by Dorothy Kilgallen.
In 1996, the U.S.
The G15 is an organisation of the largest housing associations in and around Greater London in the United Kingdom, which collectively are responsible for managing in the region of 600,000 homes in London.
They state their purpose as "working to solve the housing crisis by delivering good quality, affordable homes of all types".
The moves came after confirmation that current vice-chair Richard Hill (CEO of One Housing), will be joining BPHA as its new head in April.
Membership.
The Balanchine (sometimes known as the Balanchine Stakes), is a horse race run over a distance of 1,800 metres (nine furlongs) on turf in February or March at Meydan Racecourse in Dubai.
The race is named after Balanchine, a horse who won The Oaks and the Irish Derby in 1994.
The race is restricted to female racehorses aged at least four years old, although three-year-olds bred in the southern hemisphere are also qualified.
It was first contested in 2004 at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse before being transferred to Meydan in 2010.
The Balanchine began as an ungraded race before being elevated to Listed class in 2006.
The race was promoted to Group 3 level in 2009 and became a Group 2 event in 2011.
Lucas Papaconstantinou is a Canadian former soccer player who played in The Football League, and the Canadian Professional Soccer League.
Playing career.
Papaconstantinou began his career with Darlington F.C. of the Football League Two in 1997.
He made his debut for the club on September 27, 1997 against Mansfield Town F.C.
After one season in England he returned to Canada to sign with the Toronto Olympians of the Canadian Professional Soccer League.
He made his debut for Toronto on June 7, 1998 in an Open Canada Cup match against the York Region Shooters.
VuJak is an early video sampler, a VJ remix and mashup tool created in 1992 by Brian Kane, Lisa Eisenpresser, and Jay Haynes.
The original name of the project was Mideo, but it was later changed to VuJak.
VuJak was based on MIDI control of video in real-time.
It was created with MAX from Opcode Systems, and utilized the newly released QuickTime 1.0 movie object.
The first working version of the program was built on a Mac IIfx with 8 megs of ram, and could jump in real-time across a 160 x 120 pixel QuickTime movie via a midi keyboard.
Later versions could manipulate full screen video, included the first real-time video scratch feature, had looping, vari-speed, and random play features, and allowed for recording and editing of video sequences within the application.
VuJak also had networking capabilities which allowed artists to "jam" in real time across standard phone lines.
The first public exhibition of VuJak was at the Digital Hollywood conference in Beverly Hills in 1993, where it was promoted by Timothy Leary.
VuJak was featured in Mondo 2000, CBS Evening News, "Wired Magazine", "Electronic Musician", "Billboard Magazine", "The Hollywood Reporter", and it was used to create promotional videos for MTV.
In 1994, VuJak was a featured interactive exhibition at the Exploratorium in San Francisco.
The show-piece event was contested between Bayer Leverkusen of Germany and Real Madrid of Spain at Hampden Park in Glasgow, Scotland on 15 May 2002 to decide the winner of the Champions League.
Leverkusen appeared in the final for the first time, whereas Real Madrid appeared in their 12th final.
Each club needed to progress through two group stages, and two knockout rounds to reach the final.
Real Madrid won their group and moved into the second group stage, which they also won, before facing the defending champions Bayern Munich and Barcelona in the knockout stage.
Bayer Leverkusen finished second in their group behind Barcelona and progressed to the second group stage.
There, they won their group, before beating the likes of Liverpool and Manchester United to progress to the final.
Before the match, a minute of silence was held in honour of Ukrainian manager Valeriy Lobanovskyi, who died two days earlier.
Teams.
"In the following table, finals until 1992 were in the European Cup era, since 1993 were in the UEFA Champions League era."
Post match.
Motagua.
Club career.
He moved to then newly promoted Independiente Villela, for whom he made his debut in the Honduran National League on 24 September 1995 against Vida.
Major League Soccer.
In 2002, he moved to Major League Soccer, where he signed a contract with D.C. United.
Reyes immediately impressed with his offensive forays from the right back position, and ended the season with 24 starts and two assists to his credit.
Unfortunately, Reyes tore his ACL in the 2003 preseason, and was forced to miss all of the 2003 season.
Upon his return, Reyes was cut by D.C. United for salary cap reasons, and after considering a return to Honduras, decided to stay in MLS and sign with the Dallas Burn.
Although Reyes initially did not impress in Dallas, as he regained his old form his attacking abilities shone through, and he ended the season at Dallas starting both at the left midfield and left back positions for the team, ending the season with 828 minutes in nine starts.
Reyes left the team after the season.
Back at Motagua.
He came back to Motagua in 2005.
Reyes announced his retirement after finishing the 2008 Clausura tournament but was persuaded to stay with the club until 2011.
Reyes made his debut for Honduras in a March 1999 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Belize and has earned a total of 41 caps, scoring no goals.
He has represented his country in 17 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1999 and 2005 UNCAF Nations Cups as well as at the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup.
His final international was an October 2006 friendly match against Guatemala.
Personal life.
August Maximilian Zimmermann, painter and lithographer, was born at Zittau, in Saxony on 7 July 1811.
His father, the impresario Karl Friedrich August Zimmermann, brought him up as a musician, but in his leisure he practised lithography.
At the age of twenty-three he abandoned music to devote himself entirely to lithography, and joining his brother Albert in Munich, studied drawing under his direction.
He finally took to landscape painting, which he practised with some success.
His subjects were chiefly forest scenes, studies of trees, and the like.
The Neue Pinakothek at Munich has three of his pictures.
He started by investing in textile industry and later in railway construction and heavy industry.
He is considered a pioneer of the German credit and insurance industry.
As a politician he was a leading representative of Rhineland liberalism and he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Rhine Province, the Vereinigter Landtag, the Frankfurt Parliament.
From 1866 he was a member of the Prussian House of Lords.
Lee Holdsworth (born 2 February 1983) is a semi-retired Australian racing driver.
He won the 2021 Bathurst 1000 alongside Chaz Mostert and finished his full-time career after the 2022 season, after nearly two decades of racing.
History.
Early career.
Lee Holdsworth's motorsport career began in go-karts.
He started racing cars in 2001 at just 17, when he contested the Commodore Cup national series.
Holdsworth finished fifth in the 2002 Commodore Cup national series and third in the 2003 Commodore Cup championship, before graduating to the Konica Minolta V8 Supercar Series in 2004, driving a Holden VX Commodore for Smiths Trucks Racing.
Holdsworth recorded some impressive results in 2004, including finishing his first-ever round in the top-10 and winning the reverse-grid race at Eastern Creek, as well as finishing third overall in Queensland.
Holdsworth also contested the Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000 V8 Supercar endurance races with Phillip Scifleet and Mark Noske respectively.
In 2005, Holdsworth ran a limited campaign in the renamed HPDC V8 Supercar Development Series and the Australian Formula Ford Championship, as well as contesting the two endurance races with Garry Rogers Motorsport.
Supercars Championship.
Holdsworth's big break came in 2006 when he scored a full-time drive with Garry Rogers Motorsport in the V8 Supercar Championship.
In 2007, Holdsworth won his first V8 Supercar round at Oran Park.
The win came courtesy of consistent driving over the weekend and a good strategy in the final race in changeable conditions.
In 2008 Holdsworth began working with The John Bowe Institute of Driving, helping to teach the techniques of performance driving to the public..Holdsworth moved to Stone Brothers Racing for the 2012 V8 Supercars Championship, ending a six-year association with Garry Rogers Motorsport.
For 2013, the team was bought by Erebus Motorsport, and ran Mercedes-Benz E63 AMGs.
Holdsworth scored the team's first race win at Winton in April 2014.
In 2015, Holdsworth moved to Team 18, who operated as a satellite team to the Holden Racing Team.
Holdsworth won the 2015 Drivers' Driver award at the 2015 V8 Gala awards.
In 2016, the team was rebranded to Team 18.
They also became an independent team, racing a Triple Eight-built Commodore.
During Race 13 of the season at the Darwin Triple Crown, Holdsworth sustained fractures to his pelvis, right knee and 2 ribs after an incident on the opening lap.
For the next 2 events, Kurt Kostecki substituted for Holdsworth in a spare chassis before the team were able to obtain a brand-new car from Triple Eight.
At the Sydney SuperSprint, Holdsworth was still unfit to race, so Enduro Cup driver Karl Reindler drove the car for the event before returning as a co-driver at the Sandown 500 with Holdsworth competing in his first race since his accident.
In 2017, Holdsworth continued with Team 18 and finished the season in 16th place with a best finish of 4th place being recorded at the Newcastle 500.
For 2018, Holdsworth will continue with the team and race the new Holden ZB Commodore.
In two years with the team, he finished 10th in 2019 and 11th in 2020 points standings before mutually departing Tickford in favour of Jack Le Brocq.
In his final year of racing, Holdsworth was awarded the Barry Sheene Medal, the first time he had received the award in his career.
Retirement.
On 30 August 2022, Holdsworth announced that he would retire from full-time competition at the end of the 2022 season.
He stated that he desired to spend more time with his family, while also pursuing a career as a real estate agent.
Early life.
He was born in the Inukjuak area of Quebec.
Art career.
In 1953, he was a featured artist in an exhibition at London's Gimpel Fils gallery.
Many of his sculptures depict hunters.
Later life.
Frederica Knight described him as a "friendly, outgoing man, who was fairly unsuccessful as a hunter and trapper, but whose immense talent as a stone carver was immediately recognized."
The 1999 book "The Canadian Encyclopedia" describes him as "a jolly, robust, and outgoing man with an astonishing talent for observing and keenly portraying humans, animals, and birds in stone and ivory."
He was married and had children.
It was intended to develop and deploy grid middleware services to allow INFN's users to transparently and securely share the computing and storage resources together with applications and technical facilities for scientific collaborations.
With the beginning of the European Grid Infrastructure (EGI) project in 2010, the activities of INFN Grid were consolidated into the Italian Grid Infrastructure (IGI) which operates as a European joint research unit (JRU) formally supported by the Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR) and the European Commission.
History.
The INFN Grid project, approved in late 1999, developed and deployed the first Italian Grid Infrastructure.
Based on GARR, the Italian national research and education network, it became integrated with other grid infrastructures.
It included more than 30 sites, such as Italian universities and, although primarily focused on physics, was open to other fields of research (such as bio-medicine and earth observation) and to industry.
With a grant received from MIUR-FIRB funds (governmental funds for investment in fundamental research) for the "Grid.it" project, INFN with other national research institutions led to the 2002 development of a production grid infrastructure supporting Italian research called Grid.it.
In collaboration with CERN, other European countries and industries, in 2001 INFN Grid launched the largest FP5 European grid project, DataGrid, for an infrastructure supporting the European research area (ERA).
With the same partners it promoted the Data TransAtlantic Grid (DataTAG) project, which provided interoperability with a grid for science with US and Asian-Pacific areas from 2001 through 2003.
The Experiment Computing Grid Integration working group represented the Italian contribution to the development of middleware by testing the gLite software and providing user documentation.
He died of a heart attack at the age of 74, while visiting San Juan de Gaztelugatxe on 2 November 2018.
The 2023 USF Juniors championship will be the second season of USF Juniors.
When the top rung of the Road to Indy ladder system, Indy Lights, was bought by Penske Entertainment (owners of INDYCAR) in 2021 and the lower level series changed sanctioning to the United States Auto Club, changes were made to the other championships in the ladder.
This, together with the Indy Lights being rebranded to Indy NXT, effectively ended the "Road to Indy" branding, with the three championships below Indy NXT now collectively called "USF Pro Championships Presented by Cooper Tires".
Koch Foods is a food processor and distributor in Park Ridge, Illinois that is listed by "Forbes" magazine as number 125 on the list of the largest private companies in the US.
The company is owned by Joseph Grendys.
History.
The company was founded in 1973.
Until 1985, it was a "one-room" chicken processing outfit with 13 employees, primarily conducting de-boning and cutting.
The company began growing with the addition of feed mills and slaughterhouses.
Now Koch Foods is an international poultry processor that deals in fresh and frozen offerings.
The company does business under the Koch Foods, Antioch Farms, Preferred Foods, and Rogers Royal brands.
It also has private label products.
The company is a supplier for Burger King, Kroger and Walmart.
Locations.
In 2019 Koch Foods announced that Roanoke, Alabama was no longer the target location for this feed-mill.
Instead, Koch Foods announced plans to build a modern grain storage and distribution facility in Attalla, Alabama.
Controversies.
Racial discrimination against farmers.
Koch has been accused of discriminating against black contract farmers and retaliating against those who spoke out.
From 2009 to 2015, the company went from having contracts with four black farmers in Mississippi to having none.
USDA investigators found "evidence of unjust discrimination" against black farmers by Koch.
U.S.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission lawsuit.
In 2012 the U.S.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission brought a class employment discrimination lawsuit against Koch alleging harassment of workers and discrimination based on national origin and race at Koch's Morton, Mississippi plant.
Use of undocumented labor.
On August 28, 2007, federal authorities raided a chicken processing plant operated by Koch Foods in Fairfield, Ohio and detained 161 undocumented workers.
According to a 2010 ICE press release, the company cooperated and began using E-Verify, an Internet-based system that allows an employer to verify a person's work eligibility.
On August 7, 2019, federal authorities raided seven chicken processing plants operated by Koch Foods and four other companies in Mississippi and detained 680 undocumented workers.
The exact number arrested at the Koch facilities has not been specified but authorities used five buses to transfer detainees from the plant to a hangar at a nearby airbase for processing.
Homeland Security Investigations has faced criticism because the raid occurred on Mississippi's first day of school.
According to the mayor of Jackson, no managers or owners responsible for hiring unauthorized immigrants in such high numbers were charged.
The company announced a job fair to be held on the first day of the week following the raids.
This is a list of damaged or destroyed works of guerrilla art created by Banksy, which have been removed from their original locations or otherwise damaged or destroyed.
Banksy is an England-based graffitist.
"Better Out Than In".
Most of the works that make up the October 2013 "Better Out Than In" series in New York City have been defaced or destroyed, some just hours after the piece was unveiled.
As a result of the continued defacement, fans have been rushing to the sites of the installments as soon as they are announced.
A group of men took advantage of this and threatened to deface a stencil painting of a beaver in East New York, charging money for people to take photographs.
The continued defacement has prompted some to take matters into their own hands by guarding the works, others restoring them once defaced.
Property owners have also gone to some measures to protect the art, including hiring 24-hour guards and installing roll down gates that cover the art.
"Girl with Balloon" transformed into "Love is in the Bin".
Immediately after the auction ended, a mechanism hidden in the frame was triggered by remote control and partially shredded the piece.
Banksy later explained that he had built the shredder into the painting several years before it went up for auction, and named the new artwork created by the shredding "Love is in the Bin".
"The Outlaws".
Chateau La Coste is a 600-acre sculpture park, art destination and organic winery in Provence.
The property includes Villa La Coste a luxury hotel.
Irish property magnate Paddy McKillen is the estate owner and project manager of the hotel.
Wine varietals of the estate include Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon and Vermentino.
See also.
Club career.
Ma Sheng would move to Beijing from Anqing, Anhui to study before joining the Hebei Elite youth training program, where they sent their youth players to study abroad in Brazil.
He would catch the attention of Botafogo-SP's youth training director who kept him at the club throughout his youth development.
He would go on to return to Hebei and start his senior professional career with them.
He remained with them for several seasons until he joined second tier club Nantong Zhiyun on 18 March 2021.
He would go on to make his debut in a league game on 1 May 2021 against Kunshan in a 1-0 victory.
They have the same arrangement as the upper ones as far as the anterior ends of the intercostal spaces, where they pass behind the costal cartilages, and between the Obliquus internus and Transversus abdominis, to the sheath of the Rectus abdominis, which they perforate.
KVAK (1230 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Valdez, Alaska.
The station is owned by North Wave Communications, Inc.
It airs a country music and talk radio format.
The station has been assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission since August 9, 1982.
History of call letters.
In image processing, elongatedness for a region is the ratio between the length and width of the minimum bounding rectangle of the region.
Shah Siddiq (, ) was a 14th-century Sufi saint and one of the 360 auliyas or followers who accompanied Shah Jalal in his Conquest of Sylhet from Turkey.
He traced his descent from Abu Bakr Siddiq, the first caliph of Islam.
Descendants of Shah Siddiq from Panchpara, Osmanpur Union, Osmani Nagar Upazila (in Bangladesh) carry the surname Siddiquee.
His exact date of death remains unknown, however a plaque on his tomb claims that it could be the 21st of August, 1373 A.D.
Korupun (Korapun) is a Papuan language spoken in Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua.
Dialects are Korupun (Duram), Dagi, Sisibna (Gobugdua), Deibula, (Western) Sela.
Indonesian Kemendikbud classified the former as "Mek Nalca", while Korupun-Sela is classified as Kimyal.
The murder of Yvonne Fletcher, a Metropolitan Police officer, occurred on 17 April 1984, when she was fatally wounded by a shot fired from the Libyan embassy on St James's Square, London, by an unknown gunman.
Fletcher had been deployed to monitor a demonstration against the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, and died shortly afterwards.
Her death resulted in an eleven-day siege of the embassy, at the end of which those inside were expelled from the country and the United Kingdom severed diplomatic relations with Libya.
Five Libyans thought to be behind the attacks were deported from the UK.
During the anti-Gaddafi protest on 17 April 1984, two gunmen opened fire from the first floor of the embassy with Sterling submachine guns.
In addition to the murder of Fletcher, eleven Libyan demonstrators were wounded.
The inquest into Fletcher's death reached a verdict that she was "killed by a bullet coming from one of two windows on the west side of the front on the first floor of the Libyan People's Bureau".
Following the breaking of diplomatic relations, Libya arrested six British nationals, the last four of whom were released after nine months in captivity.
Two years after Fletcher's murder, the event became a factor in the decision by the British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, to allow the US bombing of Libya from bases in the UK.
In 1999, a warming of diplomatic relations between Britain and Libya led to a statement from the Libyan government admitting culpability in Fletcher's shooting, and the payment of compensation.
British police continued their investigation until 2017.
Although sufficient evidence existed to prosecute one of the co-conspirators, no charges were brought as some of the evidence could not be raised in court due to national security concerns.
As at no one has been convicted of Fletcher's murder, although in 2021 the High Court of Justice determined that Gaddafi's ally Saleh Ibrahim Mabrouk was jointly liable for Fletcher's murder.
Background.
Yvonne Fletcher.
Yvonne Joyce Fletcher was born on 15 June 1958 in the Wiltshire village of Semley, to Michael Fletcher and his wife Queenie ("" Troke).
Yvonne was the eldest of the couple's four daughters.
At the age of three she told her parents that she wanted to join the police.
She applied to several police forces but was turned down on the basis of her height, and considered applying for entry to the Royal Hong Kong Police Force.
Despite the height restriction, in March 1977 Fletcher was accepted onto the Metropolitan Police 20-week training course.
She was highly regarded by her colleagues, who nicknamed her "Super Fletch", and she became engaged to PC Michael Liddle, who also worked at Bow Street.
Relations between Britain and Libya.
From 1979 there had been no Libyan ambassador appointed to the United Kingdom.
On his instructions, bombs were planted in London newsagents that sold newspapers critical of Gaddafi.
Moussa Koussa was appointed as Secretary of the Libyan People's Bureau in London in 1979.
He was expelled from the UK in 1980, after stating in an interview with "The Times" that the Libyan government planned to murder two opponents of Gaddafi's government living in the UK.
The Lord Privy Seal, Sir Ian Gilmour, told the House of Commons that the government wished "to maintain good relations with Libya", but that "we are making it clear that the Libyan authorities must understand what can and cannot be done under the law of the United Kingdom, and that criminal actions in the United Kingdom must cease".
Soon after they were appointed, they gave a press conference at which they threatened action against Libyan dissidents.
On 10 and 11 March 1984 there were a series of bomb attacks in London and Manchester targeted at critics of the Gaddafi regime.
The Libyan government denied being involved, but on 16 March the British government deported five Libyans said to be connected to the attacks.
Vienna convention and diplomatic protection.
It was incorporated into UK law in the Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964.
Among other measures, the act protects diplomats from prosecution for any crime unless the diplomat's home country waives his right to immunity.
A country can declare a diplomat from another state to be "persona non grata", and demand that they leave the country, but no other action can be taken against them.
Diplomatic premises are also protected from entry by the police or security services, unless given permission by the country's ambassador.
On 16 April a telex was sent from the People's Bureau in London to Tripoli asking for advice on how to deal with the demonstration.
The answer came back from Gaddafi to open fire on the protestors.
The message was intercepted and decrypted by the National Security Agency in the US, who passed the information on to Government Communications Headquarters in the UK, from where it was forwarded to MI5, Britain's counter-intelligence and security agency.
They failed to pass on the information to the police or the Home Office.
The Libyans were told that the Metropolitan Police would be informed, but would be unable to prevent the demonstration from going ahead.
On the morning of 17 April, police workmen placed crowd control barriers in St James's Square in preparation for the demonstration.
One of the Libyans from the People's Bureau told a workman that there were guns in the Bureau and there would be fighting that day.
The workman passed the message on to police, who decided not to take action.
They were accompanied by members of the Diplomatic Protection Group.
A counter-demonstration by Gaddafi supporters had been arranged by the People's Bureau and took place outside the building.
The demonstrations were filmed by several international television crews invited by the Libyans.
The bullet travelled right to left, through her thoracic diaphragm, liver and gall bladder before it was deflected by the spinal column out through the left side of the body, and then into the left elbow.
As she was being transferred from the ambulance to a hospital trolley, a single spent round of ammunition fell from her uniform.
She was operated on, but died at approximately midday.
The garage entrance at the rear of the People's Bureau was not sealed off until at least ten minutes after the shooting, and in that time some of those inside departed the premises through that exit.
With Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister, on an official visit to Portugal, and Geoffrey Howe, the Foreign Secretary, in China, responsibility for handling the crisis fell to Leon Brittan, the Home Secretary.
Three British nationals working in Tripoli were arrested on unspecified charges.
The post-mortem on Fletcher was undertaken in the evening of 17 April by the forensic pathologist Iain West.
Assuming that she was standing upright at the moment she was shot, the track would indicate that she had been shot from one of the adjacent floors of an adjacent building.
The British government's attitude towards Libya hardened as a result of the bombs, although they were also sensitive to Libya's behaviour in previous diplomatic impasses, whereby the regime would arrest citizens of a country and hold them until the normalisation of formal relations.
There were 8,000 British workers in Libya, mostly working in the oil and construction industries.
The British government requested access to the People's Bureau, which was denied by the Libyan government.
Two Libyan diplomats who were not in the embassy at the time of the shooting acted as intermediaries between police negotiators and those inside the building.
Fletcher's hat and four other officers' helmets were left lying in the square during the ensuing siege.
In the days that followed, images of them were repeatedly shown in the British media.
In the early morning of 27 April a policeman acted against orders and retrieved the hat from the square.
It was placed on Fletcher's coffin for her funeral, which took place the same day at Salisbury Cathedral.
In addition to 600 police officers, Leon Brittan attended, as did Lawrence Byford, the Chief Inspector of Constabulary and Kenneth Newman, the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police.
Neutral intermediaries from Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey oversaw the exit of goods and staff.
Each person was frisked, photographed and questioned, but when attempts were made to fingerprint the men, they objected and the neutral intermediaries advised the police that this was not allowed.
The same day, the remaining members of staff from the British embassy, including the ambassador, returned to London.
Once the Libyans had left the People's Bureau, police forensics teams entered and searched the square and the embassy building.
With that evidence, and from the location of the bullets in the square, the police ascertained that two Sterling submachine guns had been fired, one pointing down at the demonstrators and one on a flatter trajectory across the square.
The police search of the bureau found 4,367 rounds of ammunition, three semi-automatic pistols, four .38 revolvers and magazines for Sterling submachine guns.
The search of the embassy was made by civilian experts employed by the police, accompanied by observers from Saudi Arabia.
The inquest into Fletcher's death opened on 25 April but was adjourned to allow for the police to undertake further investigations.
When it reconvened, police reported that they had 400 lines of enquiry open into the murder, but had not narrowed the field of suspects down from any of the 30 Libyans in the embassy.
Iain West stated that the bullet entered Fletcher's body at an angle of between 60 and 70 degrees.
Paul Knapman, the coroner heading the inquest, considered the angle too steep to have been fired from the first floor and questioned West on the point.
The pathologist stated that Fletcher must have been turning when she was shot which, he said, would have reduced the angle.
The jury concluded that Fletcher "was killed by a bullet coming from one of two windows on the west side of the front on the first floor of the Libyan People's Bureau".
In April and May 1984 six British men working in Libya were rounded up and detained as hostages by a Revolutionary Committee.
The Libyans demanded the restoration of diplomatic relations and the release of Libyans arrested on terror offences.
The hostages were freed on 5 February 1985, after nine months in detention.
Subsequent developments.
Although there were rumours that four members of the embassy had been executed on their return to Libya, the reports were not considered reliable by the British government.
The government did not try to re-open diplomatic relations with Libya for several years, and interaction between the two governments remained poor.
Abdul Fatah Younis, Libya's Minister for Public Security, met Christopher Long, Britain's ambassador to Egypt in 1992.
The Channel 4 "Dispatches" documentary, broadcast in April 1996, posited that the shots were fired from a different building, from an upper floor that had been rented by MI5, and that the shots had been from agents of MI5 or the American CIA, to discredit the Libyan regime.
The contents of the programme were raised in question in the House of Commons by Tam Dalyell, and answered by David Maclean, the Minister of State for Home Affairs, who stated that "The programme asks us to believe that WPC Fletcher was murdered by, or with the connivance of, a British or American intelligence officer.
If it were not so offensive and obscene, it would be laughable."
He concluded that it was the Libyans in the bureau who should co-operate with the murder investigation.
It expresses deep regret to the family of WPC Fletcher for what occurred and offers to pay compensation now to the family.
Libya agrees to participate in and co-operate with the continuing police investigation and to accept its outcome.
On 24 February 2004 the "Today" programme on BBC Radio 4 reported that Shukri Ghanem, the Libyan prime minister, had claimed his country was not responsible for Fletcher's murder or for the Lockerbie bombing.
Ghanem said that Libya had made the admission and paid compensation to bring peace and an end to international sanctions.
Although they were able to undertake some steps during their four-day investigation, they were not allowed to arrest anyone.
On their return it was announced that a joint investigation by British police and a Libyan magistrate would undertake a formal investigation under Libyan law.
British detectives were able to interview their main suspect for the murder in June 2007, following the normalisation of diplomatic relations between the UK and Libya.
Detectives spent seven weeks in Libya interviewing both witnesses and suspects.
Queenie, Fletcher's mother, described the developments as "promising".
That year a senior Canadian lawyer undertook a review of the available evidence for the Crown Prosecution Service.
He advised that Abdulmagid Salah Ameri, a junior diplomat in the People's Bureau at the time of the shooting, had been identified by witnesses who had observed him firing a weapon from the embassy window.
The report also suggested that there was sufficient evidence for two men, Matouk Mohammed Matouk and Abdulqadir al-Baghdadi, to face charges of conspiracy to murder.
The report was not publicly released, but a leaked copy was obtained by "The Daily Telegraph" in 2009.
In 2009 Gaddafi was interviewed by Sky News and apologised for the killing of Fletcher.
The same year it was established that during trade negotiations between Britain and Libya in 2006, an agreement was reached that Fletcher's killer would not be extradited for trial in the UK.
In a letter to Gordon Brown, the Prime Minister, the Police Federation said they were "appalled and disgusted" by the decision.
A spokesman for the Foreign Office denied that there was a secret deal, and stated that "Libyan law did not allow for the extradition for trial in other countries so a trial in Libya was the only outcome that would reflect our determination to see justice done".
Following the 2011 Libyan civil war and the collapse of the Gaddafi regime in August that year, it was reported that one of the co-conspirators, Abdulqadir al-Baghdadi, had been killed during in-fighting among Gaddafi loyalists.
In June the following year, two police officers flew to Libya to discuss developments in the case.
The following month "The Sunday Telegraph" named Salah Eddin Khalifa, a high-level member of the former regime, as the pro-Gaddafi student who shot Fletcher.
Within minutes of the shooting, he had left the embassy via a back door before it was surrounded by police.
Khalifa was said to have moved to another north African city following the civil war.
Although initially arrested on charges of money laundering, he was bailed on charges of conspiracy to murder Fletcher.
In May 2017 the charges against him were dropped as evidence against him could not be provided in court because of national security concerns.
Mabrouk was found to be jointly liable for Fletcher's death.
Legacy.
In April 1984 the film director Michael Winner wrote to "The Times" to suggest that a memorial be placed in St James's Square "to commemorate not only the horrific death of this brave young girl, but also be a constant reminder to her killers of the feelings of the British people".
After receiving sizeable donations, Winner set up the Police Memorial Trust on 3 May to erect memorials to honour British police officers killed in the line of duty.
Fletcher became the first police officer honoured by the Police Memorial Trust.
On 1 February 1985 her memorial was unveiled in St James's Square by Thatcher, in a ceremony attended by the leaders of the main British political parties.
Without them the law could not be upheld.
Without them, indeed, there would be no law, and no liberty.
The granite and Portland stone commemorative pillar lies in the north-east corner of St James's Square, facing the former Libyan embassy.
Westminster City Council altered part of the pavement with a rounded extension into the roadway to create an area for people to stand in front of it.
A cherry tree was planted in St James's Square in memory of Fletcher in 1984, and there is a memorial plaque in Charing Cross Police Station, London.
Following a government review into the law surrounding inviolability of diplomatic premises, the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 was introduced.
WKZQ-FM (96.1 FM, "96-1 KZQ") is an Alternative Rock radio station licensed to Forestbrook, South Carolina and serves the Grand Strand area.
Its studios are located in Myrtle Beach and its transmitter is located in Murrells Inlet.
History.
WKZQ-FM signed on July 3, 1969.
In the mid 1970s General Manager Billy Hennecy transitioned to an oldies format with limited live announcers in morning (Bill Hennecy), afternoons (J. Patrick Milan), and night (Tommy Walters).
WTGR became WKZQ (AM) and began simulcasting the FM.
In 1985, Marvin "Marv" Clark was morning host and Gary "The Freakin' Deacon" Dawson was afternoon host.
Under the direction of both Bill and Greg WKZQ overtook its sister station and went on to become Billboard Magazine's Station of the Year and won numerous Brandon 'Station of the Year' awards.
Notable rock jocks who passed through 'KZQ were Billy "Bill" Hennecy, J. Patrick Milan, Bradley "Bad Brad" Todd, Tommy Walters, Jackson "Banana Jack" Murphy, Morgan "The Coach" Patrick, Sirius Satellite Radio host and programmer, Jeffrey "The Human Numan" Stone, who was known as Jeffrey "Shotgun Jeff" Stone, the late Bob Decay who was killed in auto accident in the late 1970s, WLS' Kenneth "Citizen Kenn" Heinlein, Gary "The Freakin' Deacon" Dawson, Brian Phillips, Jason "Jay" Charland, Mike Urban, Johnny Van Pelt, Chuckie "Boo Boo Boo" Baron, who was named by the late godfather of soul himself James Brown, Bob Chase, Mike Willis, Scott Summers, Pamela "Pam" May, Marvin "Marv" Clark, Mixin Dixon Morrison, Henry Kaye, Christopher William, Johnny Kilgo, Raymond "Ray" Mariner, Jack Boston, with Linda King, and Gregory "Greg" Fowler who left to become manager of legendary country sensation, Alabama.
As of May 21, 2009, J. Patrick, John, Jack, and Gary, can be heard online at QRockRadio.
In January 2002 Mad Max and Special-K joined WKZQ and hosted the Mad Max Morning Show until Special K's exit in February 2005.
The Mad Max Morning Show heavily featured phone pranks, on location stunts as well as listener contests.
Abbi along with Jerzee Boy were added to the show in the spring of 2005.
Mad Max left KZQ in May 2006.
The station won "Radio and Records" magazine's 2007 Industry Achievement Award for best Alternative Station for markets 100 and up.
It was the station's second nomination in three years and the first win.
Finalists also included WJSE, KQXR, WBTZ, KXNA, and WSFM.
Mason "Mase" Brazelle was named Music Director of the Year for modern rock, secondary markets, in 2011.
By September 2014, that show had moved to WRNN (AM).
WKZQ's playlist includes new and classic alternative ranging from AWOLNATION, The Black Keys, Jack White and Arctic Monkeys to The Clash, Nirvana, Beastie Boys and Pearl Jam.
"Messrelationen" are seen as precursors to modern newspapers as they were the first printed news media to be published periodically.
The Austrian scholar Michael von Aitzing (ca.
This was a huge success and from 1588 Aitzing published his "relations" twice a year, for the Easter book fair at Leipzig and for the autumn book fair at Frankfurt.
Since 1590, competitors published their own "Messrelationen".
The first one from Frankfurt was published in 1591 (running until 1806), the first one from Leipzig in 1605 (running until 1730).
Life.
She grew up in Stratford, Connecticut and attended Vassar College, where she studied under James H. Merrell and graduated cum laude in History and Hispanic Studies.
She is presently Professor of History at California State University, Long Beach, where she teaches courses on Colonial Latin America, with a special focus on the Atlantic Slave Trade, revolutions, visual culture, and religion.
In 2013, she appeared as a historical consultant on the Travel Channel artifact hunting show "Digfellas."
Her second book-in-progress, "The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire"is under contract with Yale University Press.
Education.
He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Cooper Union School of Art and Architecture in 1967.
He earned his Master of Fine Arts degree from Hunter College in 1972.
He was an Artist-in-residence at the Studio Museum in Harlem, the Jamaica Arts Center, Long Island University, and completed a 5-month residency at Monet's Gardens in Giverny, France on a grant from the Lila Acheson Wallace Foundation.
Background.
He emigrated to New York City in 1959.
While studying at Cooper Union School of Art and Architecture in New York, he developed a personal style that blended "Haitian regionalist ideas, painting styles, and cultural symbols" with "the larger aesthetics of Modern art".
The son of Edmond Lachenal, Raoul Lachenal worked in his father's studio until 1911, when he established a new workshop at Boulogne-sur-Seine.
While some of Raoul Lachenal's Art Nouveau ceramics resemble pieces by his father, he also produced distinctive stoneware that can hold its own against works by master glaze artists like Ernest Chaplet and Albert Dammouse.
At his best, Lachenal can rightly be compared to these titans of the French art pottery renaissance.
Lachenal first exhibited his Art Nouveau stoneware at Paris salons in 1904.
Period photographs show pieces with organic body forms, looping handles, and incised decoration similar to Edmond Lachenal's work from around 1900.
Given the fact that father and son shared an atelier, the question of authorship is murky on several levels, notably those of direct influence and possible collaboration.
Nonetheless, the son's stoneware is distinguished by its sophisticated use of conventionalized motifs and layering of high-temperature glazes.
His whiplash handle vase is a masterpiece of body design and glaze effects, with the handles deftly composed around the piece's lip and shoulder breathing new vitality into an overused Art Nouveau leitmotif.
What really brings this piece to life, though, is its thickly applied high-temperature glaze, whose palette of purple hues is as varied as the subtle shifts in depth across the body's surface.
Similarly, Lachenal's treatment of the peacock feather refreshes a motif that harks back to the English Aesthetic Movement of the 1870s.
Thanks to unexpected juxtapositions of matte and glossy areas, the vertically arranged feathers border on abstraction and yield a complex figure and ground relationship between the motif and the surrounding space.
Such optical complexity challenges the viewer's perception of familiar imagery.
Lachenal's trumpet neck vase wears a remarkable volcanic glaze whose pitted surface is astonishingly fresh, almost contemporary.
Here the purposeful juxtaposition of an overall cratered surface and a matte glaze shoulder reveals keen sensitivity to textural effects.
The Wreck is a surf spot located at Byron Bay, New South Wales, Australia.
It is approximately off the shore of Belongil Beach (at the town end), and approximately from the Main Beach Car Park.
Background.
The Wreck is named for the remains of the "SS Wollongbar" lodged just offshore.
The ship lost its tie to the old Byron Bay Pier during a cyclone in 1922 and sank.
It is approximately long running parallel to the beach.
On the eastern end of the Wreck one can see the rudder tiller and at low tide one can see the boilers.
Wonder Boy (, ) is a 2019 French documentary film directed by Anissa Bonnefont covering the personal and professional life of Olivier Rousteing, the creative director of Balmain, as he searches for his biological parents.
Production. first met Olivier Rousteing when he bought a residence from her mother, where they bonded over their experiences with parent abandonment as children.
She financed the production cost herself, raising () of funds from a variety of sources, including the French government.
Balmain assisted with the licensing fees for the soundtrack during post production.
Release and reception.
It was made available for streaming internationally on Netflix on 26 June 2021.
Susan Jennifer Anne Bell (born 1966) is a Canadian Anglican bishop.
Since 2018, she has served as 12th Bishop of Niagara in the Anglican Church of Canada.
Life and career.
Bell was born in Hamilton, Ontario, and she was educated at McMaster University and the University of Toronto.
She was the chaplain at Wycliffe College, Toronto (from 1997 to 1999), and on the staff of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Toronto (from 1997 to 2018).
She was also Canon Missioner for the Diocese of Toronto from 2013 until her election by the synod of the Diocese of Niagara to the episcopate in 2018.
In 2019, Bell received the degree of Doctor of Divinity ("jures dignitatus") from Wycliffe College, in the University of Toronto.
In 2022, Bell received another Doctor of Divinity ("honoris causa") from Trinity College in the University of Toronto.
He was born in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania around 1793 and worked as a carpenter in Buffalo, New York.
In 1816, he was hired by William Dickson to manage his lands in Dumfries Township in Upper Canada.
Shade operated a general store, a mill and a distillery in the area.
The settlement that developed on the Grand River, originally known as Shade's Mills and later became Galt (now part of Cambridge, Ontario).
Shade also secured a number of contracts to supply food and build roads for the Canada Company.
He helped establish the Grand River Navigation Company to help transport goods along the river.
He helped establish the Gore Bank in Hamilton and also helped develop railroads in the area.
He also helped to build Galt's Trinity Anglican Church in 1844 which still stands, and is in use, today.
Shade also supplied food and built roads for the Canada Company.
He helped establish the Grand River Navigation Company to help transport goods along the river and the Gore Bank in Hamilton.
Bipunctiphorus pelzi is a moth of the family Pterophoridae.
It is known from Ecuador.
Felicity Kendall Huffman (born December 9, 1962) is an American actress best known for her role as Lynette Scavo in the ABC comedy-drama "Desperate Housewives" and her performance as a transgender woman in the independent film "Transamerica".
Huffman began her acting career in theatre, and in the 1990s also had many supporting roles in film and television.
She starred as Dana Whitaker in the comedy-drama "Sports Night" from 1998 to 2000, which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination.
Huffman drew critical praise for her performance as a transgender woman in the independent film "Transamerica" (2005).
The role earned her a Golden Globe Award, Independent Spirit Award, National Board of Review, and an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress.
Huffman has also starred in such films as "Reversal of Fortune" (1990), "The Spanish Prisoner" (1997), "Magnolia" (1999), "Path to War" (2002), "Georgia Rule" (2007), "Phoebe in Wonderland" (2008), "Rudderless" (2014), and "Cake" (2014).
From 2015 to 2017, she starred in a third ABC series, the anthology crime drama "American Crime", for which she received critical acclaim including three Primetime Emmy Award nominations, two Golden Globe nominations and a Screen Actors Guild nomination.
Huffman was arrested on March 12, 2019, for her involvement with a nationwide college entrance exam cheating scandal.
Early life and education.
Her parents divorced a year after her birth, and she was raised by both of them.
When Huffman was a young teenager, she discovered that her biological father was Roger Tallman Maher, who was a family friend.
She has six sisters and a brother.
In the 1970s, Huffman's mother left New York and bought property in Snowmass, Colorado, where Felicity and her siblings spent their youth.
Her great-grandfather was Gershom Moore Peters, founder of the Peters Cartridge Company and prominent Baptist minister, author of "The Master".
Her other great-grandfather, Frederick Berthold Ewing, graduated from Yale University and became a prominent St. Louis businessman.
Huffman's great-great-grandfather was Joseph Warren King, founder of the King Mills Powder Company.
She has German, English, Scots-Irish, Scottish, French-Canadian, and Irish ancestry.
Huffman attended The Putney School, a private boarding high school in Putney, Vermont, and graduated from Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan in 1981.
She attended New York University, Circle in the Square Theatre School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, England.
Career.
Early career.
Huffman made her debut on stage in 1982 and in the 1980s and 1990s worked as a rule on stage productions.
In 1988, she debuted on Broadway in the role as Karen in David Mamet's play "Speed the Plow".
In 1995, Huffman won Obie Award for her performance in the play "The Cryptogram" by David Mamet.
In 1999 she starred in the premiere of David Mamet's play "Boston Marriage", about the daringly intimate relationship between two turn-of-the-century women, as well as in several other major theatrical productions.
Huffman debuted on the big screen in 1988 with a small role in Mamet's film "Things Change".
Two years later, she appeared as Minnie, a Harvard law school student in the courtroom drama "Reversal of Fortune".
Huffman starred on the television mini-series "Golden Years", based on the novel by Stephen King in 1991.
In 1994, she starred in the ABC pilot "Thunder Alley" as Ed Asner's daughter, but was replaced in subsequent episodes by Diane Venora when the series began.
In 1997, she starred in Mamet's film "The Spanish Prisoner".
After the completion of "Sports Night", she gave birth to her first child and soon returned to work.
In 2001, she starred on the not picked up CBS pilot "Heart Department" In 2003, she starred in Showtime's miniseries "Out of Order".
In 1999, she appeared in the Paul Thomas Anderson's ensemble drama "Magnolia" and television adaptation of 1938 movie "A Slight Case of Murder" along with William H. Macy.
In 2002 she played Lady Bird Johnson in the HBO award-winning movie "Path to War" and made a cameo appearance in "Door to Door", which starred, and was written by, her husband.
She also starred in "Snap Decision" (2001) with Mare Winningham, "Raising Helen" (2004) as Kate Hudson's character's older sister, and "Christmas with the Kranks" (2004), as the best friend of Jamie Lee Curtis's character.
After a recurring role on the NBC sitcom "Frasier", Huffman landed a leading role in an ABC comedy series "Desperate Housewives", co-starring with Marcia Cross, Teri Hatcher, and Eva Longoria.
Huffman won an Emmy Award for her work on "Desperate Housewives" (Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series) in 2005, as well as two 2006 Screen Actors Guild Awards (Best Actress - Comedy Series and part of Best Ensemble - Comedy Series) in 2006 and received several other awards.
A report in November 2010 suggested that Huffman, along with co-star Teri Hatcher, would be quitting "Desperate Housewives", but ABC denied the claim.
The series ended in May 2012, after eight seasons.
In 2005, Huffman starred in the independent drama "Transamerica", playing Bree, a pre-operative transgender woman who, on the brink of her transforming surgery, discovered that in her youth she had fathered a son - who is now a troubled teen hustler on the run.
Huffman's performance in "Transamerica" was praised by many critics and garnered her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, as well as nominations for Best Actress (Screen Actors Guild) and Best Actress (Academy Awards), and several other awards and nominations.
Huffman is now a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
In 2007, Huffman starred in Garry Marshall's "Georgia Rule" with Jane Fonda and Lindsay Lohan, and 2008 on independent drama "Phoebe in Wonderland".
She made a film, "Lesster", as a writer, director and actress in 2010.
Huffman said that after seeing her as Lynette Scavo on "Housewives" for eight years it was difficult for audiences to think of her as anything else.
She said that's why she was eager for a role that's a distinctive departure.
After "Desperate Housewives" finale, Huffman reunited with playwright David Mamet in the comedy play "November".
The play debuted on September 26 and ended on November 4, 2012.
In 2012, she also appeared in the ensemble cast independent movie, "Trust Me", opposite Clark Gregg.
On February 15, 2013, Huffman signed on for the lead role of the Fox drama pilot "Boomerang", directed by Craig Brewer.
However, Fox did not pick up "Boomerang" as a new series.
In 2013, Huffman starred in the independent drama "Rudderless", and in the adventure film "Big Game" opposite Samuel L. Jackson.
She also starred in another independent drama "Stealing Cars", and was cast in the comedy film "Zendog".
In April 2014 she appeared in the independent film "Cake" opposite Jennifer Aniston.In 2014, Huffman was cast as the lead in the ABC anthology legal drama pilot "American Crime" created by John Ridley.
The pilot was picked up to series in May 2014.
On October 2, 2014, it was announced that Huffman would be star and executive producer alongside Carol Mendelsohn in her untitled drama about a special agent (Huffman) who is the fearless leader of a team of young agents on the New York City Joint Terrorism Task Force.
"American Crime" debuted on ABC in March, 2015 and Huffman received critical acclaim for her performance as an antagonistic character.
Robert Bianco from "USA Today" said in his review "A triumph for Oscar winner John Ridley, who created, produced and directed "American Crime", and a reconfirmation that Felicity Huffman is one of the best actors we have...
In no case is that truer than with Huffman's Barb, who is the morally questionable center of the story.
Which is why Huffman's gut-wrenching performance is so startling.
A bundle of barely concealed fury, Huffman forces us to invest in a woman who thinks her bigotry makes her not just right, but noble."
In 2018, Huffman starred in the second season of the Epix comedy-drama "Get Shorty". which had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2019.
It received generally positive reviews from critics, particularly for Huffman's and Phillips' performances.
It was released through video on demand on May 1, 2020, by Quiver Distribution.
In November 2020, it was reported that Huffman would star in an ABC comedy television series pertaining to minor league baseball.
As of December 2022, no further announcements on this project had been made.
Personal life.
Huffman dated actor William H. Macy on and off for 15 years before they married on September 6, 1997.
They have two daughters, Sophia and Georgia.
She has appeared on television, in movies and on stage many times with her husband.
The couple each received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 7, 2012.
In 2005, Huffman revealed that she had suffered from both anorexia and bulimia in her late teens and twenties.
Huffman is the co-author of the self-help book "A Practical Handbook for the Boyfriend".
On March 1, 2012, Huffman launched What The Flicka, a website dedicated to women and mothers where she was a regular contributor.
In March 2019, the website was reportedly deactivated.
In 2016, Huffman voiced support for Hillary Rodham Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
Felicity Huffman has been a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in the Actors Branch since 2006.
Involvement in 2019 college admissions bribery scandal.
Huffman was arrested at her California home on March 12 by FBI agents and IRS agents and charged with conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services fraud.
At her court appearance in Boston on April 3, she acknowledged her rights, charges and maximum possible penalties then waived a pretrial hearing, signed conditions of her release and was allowed to leave.
On April 8, she agreed to plead guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud.
Huffman formally pled guilty to honest services fraud on May 13.
She reported to the Federal Correctional Institution in Dublin, California on October 15 to begin her sentence.
She was released on October 25, two days early, because October 27 fell on a weekend.
Cargolux Flight 7933 was a cargo flight which was involved in a serious incident on 21 January 2010 in which, while landing, it collided with on a vehicle that was on an active runway.
The vehicle suffered major damage while the aircraft had damage to a tire.
Three investigations were launched into the incident, without a clear result.
Aircraft.
The aircraft first flew on 25 June 1999 and was delivered to Cargolux on 13 July 1999.
History.
On the final leg, there were two crew and one passenger on board.
On arrival at Luxembourg the aircraft was cleared to land on Findel Airport's runway 24.
The weather at the time was foggy, with visibility reduced to and a runway visual range of .
The driver of the van was shocked as a result of the collision.
The van was severely damaged, with the roof pushed in and a lighting bar destroyed.
A tyre on the aircraft was also damaged.
On 9 February 2010, disciplinary action was started against the controllers on duty at the time the incident occurred.
The need for the van to be on the runway at a time of low visibility is also being investigated.
Investigation.
Luxembourg's Ministry of transport stated that three investigations into the incident had been launched.
It did not state whether the van had permission to be on the active runway or not.
A preliminary report revealed that the van had been given permission to be on the active runway.
The clearance had been issued before Flight 7933 started its approach.
Flight 7933 also had permission to land on the runway that the van was on.
Representatives from the NTSB and the Association Luxembourgeoise des Pilotes de Ligne assisted the AET in their investigation.
The event was initially classed by the AET as an accident but was downgraded to a serious incident as the damage to the aircraft involved was not structural.
The AETs final report into the incident was released on 10 December 2012.
The report revealed that the cause of the incident was errors by Air Traffic Control (ATC).
The van had been instructed to vacate the runway but ATC had failed to confirm that the instruction had been received and executed before giving the aircraft permission to land.
The van and aircraft were using different radio frequencies and therefore each was unaware of the other.
A failure to use standard radio phraseology was found to have been a contributory factor in the incident.
The van had been seen by the crew just before they landed but it was assessed that a collision would still have occurred had a go-around been initiated.
Twelve recommendations were made in the AETs final report.
WKUM (1470 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish variety format.
Licensed to Orocovis, Puerto Rico, it serves the Puerto Rico area.
The station was founded in 1979 and is currently owned by Cumbre Media Group Corp and features programming from Red Informativa de PR.
History.
He performed in more than forty films since 1971.
The House of Taxis-Bordogna und Valnigra is the name of an old Austro-Italian noble family whose members held the position of Imperial Hereditary Postmaster.
Family history.
The House of Taxis-Bordogna-Valnigra was first mentioned in documents in 1148 with Angelbertus de Fondra, and goes back to Bonazolus Fondra de Bordogna (c. 1330).
Bonus von Bordogna worked with his in-laws in the Taxis family's postal system and took over the post office in Trento from his brother-in-law David von Taxis.
The next iteration of the family's surname was "Bordogna von Taxis".
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor elevated the Bordogna von Taxis family to the rank of barons and then later to counts under the surname "Taxis-Bordogna-Valnigra".
Train Limit Law of 1912 was law passed in Arizona that made it illegal to operate trains of more than fourteen passenger cars or more than seventy freight cars.
This law was passed as a safety measure.
Nostolepis is an extinct genus of acanthodian fish which lived in the Late Silurian (Pridoli) to Middle Devonian (Lochkovian).
Early life.
Kunz grew up in Missouri.
He credited his interest in biology to his fifth-grade teacher, who was passionate about silkworms.
Education.
Kunz received a Bachelor of Arts in biology in 1961 and Master of Arts in education in 1962 from the University of Central Missouri.
He went on to receive another Master of Arts from Drake University in biology in 1968, and gained his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Kansas in systematics and ecology in 1971.
Career.
Kunz taught high school in Kansas after receiving his MA in education.
Kunz states that his first experience working with bats was before he attended Drake University.
While caving, he and a friend encountered a banded bat.
He called in the number on the band and later would collaborate with the professor who banded the bat.
Kunz became a professor at Boston University in 1971.
Kunz edited or coedited six books on the biology and ecology of bats.
His book "Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats" "is widely praised as one of the best resources available for professional bat researchers, educators and conservationists."
He also helped establish the Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Ecuador in 1995 to promote the study of rainforest ecology.
He helped distinguish the new scientific discipline of aeroecology, which integrates geography, ecology, atmospheric science, and computational biology.
A key concept of aeroecology is thinking of the aerosphere as part of the biosphere, as many organisms depend upon the aerosphere for resources.
He retired in 2011 after being seriously injured in an accident.
Awards and honors.
In 1984, he won the Gerritt S. Miller Award from the North American Society for Bat Research.
In 2003, the University of Central Missouri presented him with their Distinguished Alumni Award, calling him "one of the world's leading mammalogists."
In 2011, Kunz was named a Boston University William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor, which is its highest academic award.
He is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was formerly President of the American Society of Mammalogists.
He was also a recipient of the C. Hart Merriam Award for his contributions to the field of mammalogy.
In 2015, Boston University began the Thomas H. Kunz Fund in Biology to "train the next generation of ecologists."
Personal life and death.
Kunz was married to Margaret Kunz.
He had two children, Pamela and David.
DailyTech was an online daily publication of technology news, founded by ex-AnandTech editor Kristopher Kubicki on January 1, 2005.
The site featured a prominent "comments" section that acted as the forums for the publication.
Users were able to moderate or respond to each post, a template the editor admitted borrowing from Slashdot.
The operating revenue for DailyTech was primarily dependent on advertising, with syndication of their news feed also providing some revenue.
Overview.
The schism between DailyTech and AnandTech occurred in goodwill, with the goal of establishing DailyTech as a news site that would not be bound by the NDAs that AnandTech has signed.
The DailyTech news feed is also used by other technology and science websites.
As of early December 2015 the website appeared to be inactive, although there was no notice of a change in status.
Writing style.
DailyTech combined blog-style news with industry interviews and frequent roadmap leaks.
The DailyTech editor had a frequent history of run-ins with writers from other publications.
He has publicly denounced the writings from competitor Tom's Hardware, Gizmodo, HardOCP, The Inquirer and DigiTimes.
DailyTech consistently leaked several generations of GPUs and CPUs.
The company attributed this to the standing instruction that DailyTech writers were not allowed to sign disclosure agreements or embargoes.
He reigned from 1163 until 1184 in Marrakesh.
He was responsible for the construction of the Giralda in Seville, which was part of a new grand mosque.
He was a keen student of philosophy and patron of Averroes.
Life.
Yusuf was the son of Abd al-Mu'min, the first caliph of the Almohad dynasty.
His mother was Safiyya bint Abi Imran, a masmuda woman from Tinmel, the daughter of Abu Imran Musa ibn Sulayman al-Kafif, a companion of Ibn Tumart.
Like a number of Almohad rulers, Yusuf favored the Zahirite or literalist school of Muslim jurisprudence and was a religious scholar in his own right.
He was said to have memorized Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, two collections of Muhammad's statements considered canonical in Sunni Islam, by heart, and was a patron of the theologians of his era.
Respected men of letters such as Ibn Rushd and Ibn Tufayl were entertained at his court.
Yusuf's son al-Mansur would eventually take the reforms even further, actually burning non-Zahirite books instead of merely banning them.
In 1170 he invaded Iberia, conquering al-Andalus and ravaging Valencia and Catalonia.
The following year he established himself in Seville.
His body was sent from Seville to Tinmel where he was buried.
This mountain is an extinct volcano, which has been proved by presence of granite rocks, which contains specific mineral composition.
The name of the mountain originates from the Serbian name for beech ("bukva").
Its slopes and its top are covered with dense woods of beech-trees.
There are good paths and a paved road leading to the top.
Willem de Graaf (born c. 1951) is a former association football player who played as a midfielder.
The law explains the origin of the Proto-Slavic neoacute accent occurring in the accent paradigm "b" as retractive from the following syllable.
Retraction from stressed weak yer.
The accented weak variants could no longer carry an accent which was thus retracted onto the preceding syllable.
The Symphony Orchestra of Sri Lanka (SOSL) is based in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and is one of the oldest orchestras in South Asia.
Its first concert was on 13 September 1956 under the baton of Hussain S. Mohamed, and the repertoire was Geminiani's Second Concerto Grosso, Haydn's Symphony no.
92 "Oxford" and Beethoven's Fourth Piano Concerto with Malinee Jayasinghe-Peris as soloist.
Kalakeerthi Prof. Earle de Fonseka was the next principal conductor, a position he held from 1960 to 2000.
Lalanath de Silva, who was for many years deputy conductor, took over the position of principal conductor from 2000 to 2002.
The present Principal Conductor is Dushyanthi Perera.
Soloists who have performed with the orchestra include Gervase de Peyer (clarinet), Barry Tuckwell (horn), Richard Adeney (flute), Thomas Brandis and Leon Spierer (violin, then concertmasters of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra), Paul Olefsky and Rohan de Saram (cello), Rodney Slatford (double bass), Druvi de Saram, Peter Cooper, Ian Lake, Robin Zebaida, Anthony Peebles, Ashan Pillai and Rohan de Silva (piano).
In addition to subscription concerts (the number varies annually), there are other performances on special occasions.
It regularly performs at the Ladies College Hall.
Sri Lankan, as well as soloists and conductors of other nationalities, including James Ross and Gregory Rose, have performed regularly with the orchestra on invitation.
In 2013, SOSL gave its first performance at Colombo's new Nelum Pokuna Theatre conducted by James Ross, joined by 35 musicians from the UK and India to form The Commonwealth Festival Orchestra.
Administration.
The Governors and the Players' Committees are elected by the players at the Annual General Meeting.
The Board of Governors establishes overall policy, raises sponsorship and controls the finances.
The Panel of Regents serves in a senior advisory capacity.
The Players' Committee makes decisions concerning the music, soloists and the conductors.
Sri Lankan Talent.
The SOSL takes special interest in fostering young Sri Lankan talent, and dedicates one of its annual subscription concerts to feature Young Soloists.
The Family Christmas Concert of SOSL is one such annual event to showcase such young talent.
Its Christmas concert of December 2013 held at Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH) in Colombo saw the orchestra conducted by Eshantha Pieris and featured vocalists Charin Mendis and Sheranga Perera.
SOSL Outreach.
The SOSL Outreach Programme takes the form of a series of lecture concerts.
Children who have never seen a symphony orchestra before are introduced to the instruments that make up the sections of an orchestra.
The range, tone, and method of sound production of each instrument is demonstrated.
Students, Teachers and Parents are invited, free of charge, to attend these concerts.
The first of these concerts took place in Galle, Sri Lanka on 24 April 2010.
The Second was in Kilinochchi in the north of Sri Lanka, in November 2011.
The Third was at the Veerasingham Hall, Jaffna, on 17 November 2012.
Finances.
Edmund Birkhead, D.D. was Bishop of St Asaph from 1513 until 1518.
Birkhead was born in Cheshire and educated at the University of Cambridge.
It is one of the most famous chambers of rhetoric.
Its insignia consisted of a thriving Eglantine Rose ("Wild Rose", a symbol of love) in the form of a cross from which a Christ Figure was hanging.
The corresponding slogan was "In Love, Flourishing".
The name derives from a romantic reference to the poem Beatrijs, where the lovers met by the wild rose.
One of the most important leaders of the chamber was Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel.
Other prominent members were Laurens Reael, Roemer Visscher and Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert.
History.
Much of what is known today about this society comes from the city and guild archives, where it is first mentioned in the 1490s.
In 1518 it was mentioned as the "old" social drama society of the city, when it received an annual grant from the city.
In the 1520s they participated in several city festivities and produced a play on the story of Pyramus and Thisbe.
The society was popular throughout the latter half of the 16th century and many noted artists were members, though it received little patronage from the city, not even during the joyous entry of Charles V in 1549.
Scholars have put this down to the reformist nature of the plays and poems produced during this period, which made political patronage dangerous.
During the Dutch Revolt, the chambers of rhetoric were closed altogether by the Spanish Governor of the Netherlands, the Duke of Alba, but in 1578 the Eglantier was re-established as a result of the Alteration of Amsterdam, in which the Catholic city government was overthrown.
After the Fall of Antwerp in 1585 the influx of many gifted poets from the south caused the Eglantier to grow in numbers, which also caused the creation of competing chambers of rhetoric, such as Het Wit Lavendel in 1598 (where, amongst others Joost van den Vondel was active), after which the Eglantier became known as the 'Old Chamber'.
After 1610, there were internal difficulties in the Eglantier, and in 1617 Samuel Coster and a group of members broke away and founded the chamber of rhetoric "Duytsche Academie".
After this departure, the Eglantier appointed Theodore Rodenburgh chairman.
But in 1630 "Het Wit Lavendel" and the "Duytsche Academie" merged and only two years later, on July 7, 1632, the burgomasters of Amsterdam merged this chamber of rhetoric with the Eglantier into a new chamber of rhetoric, named the "Amsterdamsche Kamer", but in sources it also appears under the names "De Vergulden Byekorf", "Bloeyende Eglantier" and "Academie", with the motto "Through fervor in love, flourishing".
Not every rhetorician agreed with the merger, and Jan Harmensz.
Krul founded the "Musijckkamer" in 1634, which however went bankrupt a year later, in 1635.
The Amsterdamsche Kamer was led in its early years by Willem Dircksz.
Hooft, Steven Vennecool, Heereman Dircksz.
Coorenkind, Johan Meurs and Meyndert Voskuyl.
In 1637, the first theater in Amsterdam, the Schouwburg of Van Campen, was founded through the chamber of rhetoric.
Not much is known on further events of the chamber of rhetoric.
Kottapalli is a village in Srikakulam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
It is located in Mandasa mandal, and the Mahendratanaya River flows besides the village.
Demographics.
USS "Knudson" (APD-101), ex-DE-591, later LPR-101, was a United States Navy high-speed transport in commission from 1944 to 1946 and from 1953 to 1958.
Namesake.
Milton Lox Knudson was born on 20 October 1923 in Geneva, Illinois.
He enlisted in the U.S. Navy on 1 July 1941.
While serving in the destroyer in the Southwest Pacific during World War II, he distinguished himself on 15 September 1942 during rescue operations for survivors of the aircraft carrier , which was torpedoed and sunk by an Imperial Japanese Navy submarine south of Guadalcanal that day.
Construction and commissioning.
"Knudson" was laid down as the "Rudderow"-class destroyer escort USS "Knudson" (DE-591) on 23 December 1943 by Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Inc., at Hingham, Massachusetts, and was launched on 5 February 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Emmons R. Knudson.
The ship was reclassified as a "Crosley"-class high-speed transport and redesignated APD-101 on 17 July 1944.
After conversion to her new role, she was commissioned on 25 November 1944.
Service history.
First period in commission, 1944-1946.
World War II.
After shakedown, "Knudson" departed Norfolk, Virginia on 18 January 1945 for World War II service in the Pacific.
Steaming via San Diego, California, she arrived at Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, on 9 February 1945 for training with underwater demolition team units.
With Underwater Demolition Team 19 embarked, she departed Pearl Harbor on 28 February 1945, stopped at Eniwetok, and arrived at Ulithi Atoll on 12 March 1945 to prepare for operations in the Ryukyu Islands.
Clearing Ulithi Atoll on 21 March 1945 for operations off Kerama Retto, "Knudson" supported Underwater Demolition Team 19 during reconnaissance and demolition operations on Kuba Shima, Aka Shima, Keise Shima, and Geruma Shima from 25 March 1945 to 30 March 1945.
While serving as antisubmarine screen on 26 March 1945, she was attacked by a Japanese bomber.
Her guns shot the plane down after two bombs had missed her close aboard.
On 1 April 1945, the day that the initial amphibious landings on Okinawa took place, "Knudson" continued antisubmarine warfare patrols during amphibious landings at Hagushi, Okinawa.
During the next two weeks she conducted screening patrols off the western shores of Okinawa in support of the Okinawa campaign.
"Knudson" departed Okinawan waters on 14 April 1945, escorting the battleship USS "Nevada" (BB-36) to Guam, arriving there on 19 April 1945.
She then proceeded to Ulithi Atoll on 23 April 1945, debarked Underwater Demolition Team 19 on 25 April 1945, and departed Ulithi on 5 May 1945 for Okinawa escorting the heavy cruiser USS "Portland" (CA-33).
Reaching Okinawa on 8 May 1945, she resumed screening duty and helped repel Japanese air attacks until 15 June 1945, when she departed Hagushi Anchorage for Leyte in the Philippines.
Arriving at Leyte on 18 June 1945, "Knudson" operated in the northern Philippines until 4 July 1945.
She departed Subic Bay, Luzon, as escort for an Okinawa-bound tank landing ship (LST) convoy, reaching Guam on 16 July 1945.
After embarking Underwater Demolition Team 19, she departed Guam on 19 July 1945 and called at Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor before proceeding to the United States West Coast, arriving at San Diego on 5 August 1945.
"Knudson" embarked Underwater Demolition Team 25 on 13 August 1945.
World War II ended with the surrender of Japan the next day, 14 August 1945, which was 15 August 1945 across the International Date Line in East Asia.
Postwar.
"Knudson" departed San Diego on 16 August 1945 for the Far East, and arrived in Tokyo Bay, Japan, on 4 September 1945.
She operated out of Yokosuka, Japan, until 20 September 1945, when she returned to the United States, arriving at San Diego on 11 October 1945.
"Knudson" continued her service in the Pacific from 30 October 1945 to 12 May 1946, carrying men and supplies to bases in the Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Admiralty Islands, and Philippines.
Departing Manila Bay, Luzon, on 20 April 1946 with homebound veterans embarked, "Knudson" arrived at San Pedro, California, on 12 May 1946.
She was decommissioned on 4 November 1946 and entered the San Diego Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet, on 15 November 1946.
Second period in commission, 1953-1958.
"Knudson" recommissioned on 6 August 1953.
After shakedown and conversion to a high-speed transport flagship, she departed San Diego on 3 May 1954 for the Western Pacific.
Arriving at Yokosuka, Japan, on 23 May 1954, she conducted amphibious exercises off Japan, South Korea, and Okinawa.
Clearing Tokyo Bay on 13 August 1954, she set course for the Vietnamese coast, where she arrived at Haiphong, North Vietnam, on 22 August 1954.
As flagship for the Commander, Embarkation Group, she participated in Operation Passage to Freedom, through which the U.S. Navy evacuated almost 300,000 Vietnamese from North Vietnam to South Vietnam.
From 22 August 1954 to 19 September 1954, she operated out of Haiphong during the loading of refugees, cargo, and military equipment by U.S. Navy ships.
Then she steamed to Saigon, South Vietnam, arriving on 22 September 1954.
Continuing to Subic Bay in the Philippines on 2 October 1954, she stopped at Hong Kong before returning to Yokosuka on 1 November 1954.
On 7 November 1954 she departed Yokosuka for the United States, arriving at San Diego on 23 November 1954.
"Knudson" operated out of San Diego and Long Beach, California, supporting amphibious training during 1955 and early 1956.
Departing Long Beach on 24 March 1956, "Knudson" steamed via Pearl Harbor to Eniwetok, where she arrived on 10 April 1956.
She supported nuclear tests in the Marshall Islands before returning to Pearl Harbor on 23 July 1956.
She returned to Long Beach on 6 August 1956 and resumed amphibious, underwater demolition team, and antisubmarine warfare training operations.
She then moved to San Francisco, California, on 27 September 1956.
Final decommissioning and disposal.
"Knudson" was decommissioned for the second and last time on 2 January 1958 and joined the Stockton Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet.
She later transferred to the Texas Group, Atlantic Reserve Fleet, at Orange, Texas.
While in reserve, she was reclassified as an "amphibious transport, small" and redesignated LPR-101 on 1 July 1969.
Career.
Born in Campeche, Campeche as Francisco Garcia Escalante, She first gained attention as a dancer in vedette shows, held at the famous "Blanquita" theater, some of which included a transvestites' ballet.
Her first mainstream breakthrough was in the said theater during the casting for a movie called "Bellas de noche" (1975) where she was given a role, resulting in her later getting her own show at the Blanquita called "Francis, la fantasia hecha mujer" ( Francis, fantasy becomes a woman ) which successfully ran for 17 years, she also performed in Los Angeles at the theater "Los Pinos", which was the home of her touring shows.
During her theater and T.V.
Fashion designer Mitzi, a long-time friend, credits Garcia with helping him during his time of need and aiding to start his design empire.
She was a beloved public personality in Mexican showbiz and appeared in several movies, telenovelas, variety shows and broadcasts of her theater comedy shows, most notable was her stage persona as a female impersonator during a time when Mexican society was very close-minded and homosexuality was considered a minor crime, she was the first openly gay celebrity in the country and a passionate activist for equality and human and gay rights until her death.
Death.
Garcia died of a lung thrombosis in a Mexico City hospital on October 10, 2007.
This is a list of the Chancellors of Syracuse University, a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States.
Tatiparthi is a village in Gollaprolu Mandal, located in Kakinada district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. with agriculture and weaving as major occupations.
The name 'Tatiparthi' is made up of two word 'Tati' and 'Parthi' that translate to 'Palm' and 'Cotton' in English.
Palm trees are found in large number around this place.
Agriculture is one of the main occupation of the Villagers with Rice, Cotton, Sugarcone and Corn being the important crops grown here.
The village is well known for its traditions, festivals and temples.
The village has a famous temple of Goddess Gajjalamma, who is also the 'Graama Devata'.
The temple is said to be 300 years old.
The village also has a temple for Lord Subrahmanyeswara Swamy.
Both temples are well known for their annual celebrations known as 'Gajjalamma Teertham' and 'Subrahmanya Shashti'.
A temple dedicated to Aparna Devi is also located here.
The goddess is revered by many people in the vicinity of Tatiparthi.
This village also has given birth to one of country's best selfless freedom fighter Late Sri Challa Narayana Murthy.
In recent years, it has been famous for various types of Sarees woven by local artisans and available at cheaper prices.
Padmashali is a weaver community most popular to produce large amount of sarees.
Nearly 5000 weavers situated here.
They manufacture different kind of sarees like Jamdhani, Pure pattu, cotton sarees etc.
The climate is dry and moderate throughout the year.
Bourgeois also currently serves as vice president of the board of trustees of the Sinfonia Educational Foundation.
He was initiated as an honorary member of the Zeta Pi chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity at Loyola University in 1956, and as a member of the fraternity's Alpha Alpha National Honorary Chapter in 1997.
He was the fraternity's 2000 recipient of the Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award, presented at its national convention in Dallas, Texas.
It stars Bettina Bush, Brandon Douglas and Marie Antoinette Rodgers.
The cinematography is by the Oscar-winning Vilmos Zsigmond.
Plot.
Two brothers Michael (Brandon Douglas) and Willie (Gabriel Damon) are on vacation from Chicago to Spirit Island with a teenaged Native American girl named Maria (Bettina Bush) and her brother.
They plan to save Spirit Island to preserve their heritage, when a conflict arises regarding the development of tribal burial grounds.
When her Grandma organizes a protest against defiling their ancestors' sacred burial ground, Maria takes up the cudgel.
The villains are land developers who seek to transform Spirit Island into a vacation resort.
Release.
"Journey to Spirit Island" went unreleased until 1992 when it premiered in the U.S. on the Disney Channel.
Reception.
Hal Erickson for Allmovie, praised "the superlative photography by Vilmos Zsigmond.
311 South Wacker Drive is a post-modern 65-story skyscraper located in Chicago, Illinois, and completed in 1990.
At 961 feet (293 m) tall, it is the ninth-tallest building in Chicago and the 36th tallest in the United States.
It was once the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world.
311 South Wacker was also the tallest building in the world known only by its street address, until it was surpassed in height by New York's 432 Park Avenue in 2015.
The lower level of the winter garden was designed for a possible connection via underground passageway to Chicago Union Station.
The building also contains three levels of underground parking.
The building contains both retail and commercial tenants.
Lobby.
The lobby is a two-level (one below ground) -tall glass-ceilinged "winter garden."
It used to have palm trees, still has a fountain, and is supported by a steel structure influenced by the Chicago "L" tracks and bridges.
It was envisioned as a commuter link or "pedestrian station" serving as a connection from the nearby Union Station through a disused streetcar tunnel under the South Branch of the Chicago River.
Raymond Kaskey's bronze sculpture "Gem of the Lakes" looks over the garden from the Wacker entrance.
The fountain shell form is taken from the city seal with a heroic figure representing Chicago as the "city of broad shoulders" wearing a cape symbolic of the great engineering feat which reversed the flow of Chicago River.
Crown.
The top of the building is a -tall translucent cylinder, surrounded by four other smaller cylinders, which was inspired by the massing of the Tribune Tower.
This makes it among the most visible Chicago skyscrapers at night, as its crown is brightly illuminated.
The five cylinders on top are lit at night by 1,852 fluorescent tubes, and a lantern at the top changes colors for various holidays and special events.
Park.
311 South Wacker is surrounded to the northwest by a grassy area, commonly used as a lounging and public lunch area during warm months, which is the largest area of green space in the Chicago Loop.
This park is used to host local farmer markets, musical events, and various art and cultural festivals.
To the southwest is a parking lot.
Dip coating is an industrial coating process which is used, for example, to manufacture bulk products such as coated fabrics and condoms and specialised coatings for example in the biomedical field.
Dip coating is also commonly used in academic research, where many chemical and nano material engineering research projects use the dip coating technique to create thin-film coatings.
The earliest dip-coated products may have been candles.
For flexible laminar substrates such as fabrics, dip coating may be performed as a continuous roll-to-roll process.
For coating a 3D object, it may simply be inserted and removed from the bath of coating.
For condom-making, a former is dipped into the coating.
For some products, such as early methods of making candles, the process is repeated many times, allowing a series of thin films to bulk up to a relatively thick final object.
The final product may incorporate the substrate and the coating, or the coating may be peeled off to form an object which consists solely of the dried or solidified coating, as in the case of a condom.
As a popular alternative to Spin coating, dip-coating methods are frequently employed to produce thin films from sol-gel precursors for research purposes, where it is generally used for applying films onto flat or cylindrical substrates.
Process.
Many factors contribute to determining the final state of the dip coating of a thin film.
The dip coating technique can give uniform, high quality films even on bulky, complex shapes.
Applications in research.
The dip coating technique is used for making thin films by self-assembly and with the sol-gel technique.
Self-assembly can give film thicknesses of exactly one mono layer.
The sol-gel technique creates films of increased, precisely controlled thickness that are mainly determined by the deposition speed and solution viscosity.
As an emerging field, nano particles are often used as a coating material.
Dip coating have been utilized for example in the fabrication of bioceramic nanoparticles, biosensors, implants and hybrid coatings.
For example, dip coating has been used to establish a simple yet fast nonthermal coating method to immobilize hydroxyapatite and TiO2 nanoparticles on polymethyl methacrylate.
Sol-gel technique.
Dip coating of inorganic sols (or so-called sol-gel synthesis) is a way of creating thin inorganic or polymeric coatings.
In sol-gel synthesis the speed of deposition is an important parameter that affects, for example, layer thickness, density and porosity.
The sol-gel technique is a deposition method that is widely used in material science to create protective coatings, optical coatings, ceramic coatings and similar surfaces.
This technique starts with the hydrolysis of a liquid precursor (sol), which undergoes poly-condensation to gradually obtain a gel.
This gel is a bi-phasic system containing both a liquid phase (solvent) and a solid phase (integrated network, typically polymer network).
The proportion of liquid is reduced stepwise.
The women's 400 metres event at the 1990 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held in Kelvin Hall on 3 and 4 March.
Results.
Heats.
According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 283 people.
There are former school, medicine station.
History.
The Papacy in late antiquity was a period in papal history between 313, when the Peace in the Church began, and the pontificate of Simplicius in 476, when the Roman Empire of the West fell.
Overview.
The beginning of this period is usually taken to be when in Late Antiquity, in 313, Emperor Constantine granted freedom to all religions.
He then began to interfere in various ecclesiastical matters, giving rise to Caesaropapism, and a relationship of "difficult entanglement between Church and State", a unique characteristic of this period.
The most significant and important pontificate of Christian antiquity was that of Leo I, who fought for Catholic unity and orthodoxy.
The synodal organization that had been vital in the 3rd century also grew in importance at this time - through ecumenical councils called by emperors (for pragmatic and also caesaropapism reasons), to provide a definitive resolution to doctrinal disputes in the Catholic Church.
The attempt by some councils to be independent of papal authority, to challenge it or even to control it, caused Pope Boniface I to declare early on that papal power is superior to synodal power and the latter cannot judge it.
At this time the conflicts between the Church of the West and East deepened.
In 330, the capital of the Roman Empire was transferred to Constantinople, thus quickly in the Eastern Roman Empire the civil power controlled the Church and the bishop of Constantinople grew in importance, basing their power on being bishop of the capital and being a trusted man of the Emperor.
In the West, on the other hand, the bishop of Rome was able to consolidate the influence and power he already had since early Christianity.
In 380, the Edict of Thessalonica issued by Emperor Theodosius I established the Catholic religion as taught by Pope Damasus I as the exclusive state religion of the Empire.
The end of the papacy in Late Antiquity is usually placed in 472, in the beginning of the Middle Ages, when Germanic tribes invaded and caused the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, turning the Roman provinces into a series of small kingdoms, administered by the Visigoths, Vandals, and Franks.
Italy, in turn, was dominated by the Ostrogoths, beginning the period of interaction between the popes and the Ostrogoth kings.
History.
In 313, Emperor Constantine I issued the Edict of Milan in which he granted freedom to all religious creeds, beginning the Peace in the Church.
Constantine convened in 325 the First Council of Nicaea, a minimal manifestation of the belief shared by the Christian bishops, which condemned Arianism, and dogmatized Trinitarianism.
It also stated in its sixth canon that it was following "ancient custom" in officiating the special powers of Rome, as well as those of Alexandria and Antioch - the popes being great defenders of the Nicaea faith.
Although the bishop of Rome at the time, Sylvester I, held his office at a crucial time in the history of the Catholic Church, little is known about him.
He did not attend the council for unknown reasons, yet his legates played an important role in it (Constantine had ordered the assassination of his family for political reasons).
As a way of doing penance, he ordered the construction of three basilicas in Rome, the Basilica of St. John Lateran, St. Peter's, St. Paul Extramuros, and several cemeteries on the tombs of martyrs and donated them to the papacy.
Constantine I and the next emperors considered it their role to maintain proper worship of God, and preserve orthodoxy in their domains, although they did not decide on doctrine - that was the responsibility of the bishops.
Still, this attitude erupted a series of theological conflicts between the emperors and the popes.
Due to the pressure and influence of the emperors, the popes stopped participating in the next seven ecumenical councils, only approving or disapproving their decrees later.
In 343, during the pontificate of Pope Julius I, the Council of Serdica was convened, making official the custom of bishops appealing to the pope if disputes arose.
Although it was originally convened with the claim of being an ecumenical council, it lost its universality due to the absence of many bishops.
Later Constantius II, son of Constantine, converted to Arianism and tried to impose his doctrinal views on Pope Liberius, Liberius refused and was exiled to Berea and replaced by Antipope Felix II.
After the emperor's death, the Roman people expelled Felix, Liberius returned to Rome and annulled his decrees and reiterated his Trinitarian position, imposing it on the other western bishops.
Pope Damasus I then deposed several bishops related to Arianism, affirmed the primacy of the pope as Peter's successor, reformed temples, tombs, and monuments in Rome, and converted the city's nobility.
Damasus ordered Jerome to translate the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin, giving rise to the "Vulgate".
Damasus also convened the regional council of Rome, whose canons were instrumental in fixing the biblical books in the West.
Since in 330, the capital of the empire was moved to Constantinople, the eponymous council, held in 381 for the first time, decreed a position of significant importance for the bishop of this city (originally it was not an ecumenical council, but a regional one, which is why the western bishops and the pope were ignored).
In 385, Pope Siricius, in a decree to the Bishop of Tarragona, advocated celibacy and chastity.
However, Emperor Theodosius II resisted the papal verdict and called an ecumenical council.
In 431, Cyril opened the council as president and papal representative, effectively dogmatizing his position.
Pope Leo I was the most notable pontiff of this period, and had an essential participation in the Christological conflicts of the Church against the monophysitism of Eutyches.
To settle this question definitively, in 451, Emperor Marcian convened the Council of Chalcedon, which adopted Leo I's letter on the subject, "Tomus I," as dogma.
The same synod also regards the Council of Constantinople as ecumenical, and strengthens in two canons the powers of the Bishop of Constantinople.
It is located on the Drina River, by an artificial lake created to form a reservoir for the HPP Zvornik hydro-electric power plant.
Demographics.
History.
In 1992, in the early days of the Bosnian War, the village was "ethnically cleansed" of all its predominantly Bosniak residents and many were killed.
Today the village has some 350-400 residents.
Sport.
Football match in support of refugee return.
Jatinder GH Hospital is a modern 50 bed hospital situated in Pakowal Road, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
The hospital is equipped with scanning equipment which includes a CT Scan, Mammography, Bone Mineral Density and Color Doppler.
It has an ICU and a NICU for neonatal care.
Other facilities available are a most modern dialysis unit, Lithotripsy and endourology setup.
Facilities are also available for Cosmetic surgery.
A new blood purification machine, the first of its kind after AIIMS New Delhi, was being set up in the hospital in 2008, for patients with alcoholic liver diseases, kidney failure, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic skin diseases, drug overdose and poisoning, blood reactions in pregnant ladies having Rh incompatibility, and leukaemia.
It is reported that the Hemopurifier, produced by Aethlon Medical, could filter out viruses and was being assessed at the hospital in a 30-day trial as an approach to treating HIV.
A separate plasma therapy department was also set up in 2008 under Dr R Srivastava from the department of Nephrology at Safdarjang Hospital in New Delhi.
Dr. Mrs. Jatinder Kaur Gambhir is the managing director of the hospital.
In July 2008 a team of Health department officials raided the hospital when a woman from Rurka Khurd, Gorayan was being prepared for the abortion of a female foetus.
She competed at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada, and 2018 South American Games in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Glasha and Kikimora () is a 1992 Russian Animation film by Alexander Mazaev.
This cartoon was produced by Soyuzmultfilm studio.
Plot.
Glasha's Adventures happen in the night forest.
Glasha also helps her Black cat.
When the sun rises, evil sorcery dissipated.
The Lost Language of Cranes is a novel by David Leavitt, first published in 1986.
A British TV film of the novel was made in 1991.
The film was released on DVD in 2009.
Plot introduction.
"The Lost Language of Cranes" was the second novel by David Leavitt, and deals primarily with the difficulties a young gay man, Philip Benjamin, has in coming out to his parents, Rose and Owen, and with their subsequent reactions.
Plot summary.
Voyages.
Rose and Owen find out that their apartment block is to become a co-op.
One Sunday she takes a walk, goes to an automat and bumps into her husband.
Owen then goes to a gay pornographic cinema, where a man leaves him his number.
He thinks back to how they met through Sally.
Back to the parents, Owen gets back to his apartment, soaked through.
There is then an account of Jerene's childhood up to her coming out to her parents and being spurned by them.
Philip and Eliot then talk about their experiences with men.
Philip goes on to remember the way he would masturbate a lot and how he tried to ask girls out - and they refused.
Finally, he recalls going to a gay pornographic cinema when he was seventeen.
Myths of origin.
Owen calls Alex Melchor and finds out it was a wrong number.
Philip asks Eliot to introduce him to Derek and Geoffrey.
Later, he goes to his parents' flat to look at Derek's books.
Jerene is getting ready for a date.
Philip meets Eliot's foster parents for dinner, then they go to a gay bar where Philip meets his old acquaintance Alex Kamarov.
Philip eventually comes out to his parents.
The crane-child.
In the library, Jerene reads an article about a child who emulates cranes as this was the only thing he would see out of his window from his cot, and his parents weren't about.
He was then sent to a psych ward.
Father and Son.
Later, Philip talks to his friend Brad.
He then gets really drunk out on the town to forget.
A few days later, he meets Rob in a bar and they return to the boy's dorm room where they have sex.
Subsequently, Philip does not return his calls.
Owen calls a gay hotline, then hangs up and calls Alex Melchor, who tells him to call someone else, and then Philip, hanging up before they can talk.
Later, Philip runs into his parents and tells them he's broken up with Eliot.
Rose says to Philip that she needs more time to ruminate.
Owen calls a gay sex phone-line and starts sobbing.
When he gets home, it's half past two in the morning, and Rose is hurt.
Owen invites Winston Penn to dinner, and attempts to fix him up with Philip.
That night, Rose finally realizes that Owen is gay too.
While Philip and Brad get into bed together, Rose and Owen have a big argument.
Owen goes off to a Burger King until he calls his son asking for a place to stay for the night.
Before Philip goes to find his father, he passionately kisses Brad.
Upon Philip's arrival Owen confesses to being gay, and they settle in for a sleepless night in Philip's disorderly apartment.
He competed in the team foil event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
Galalaukiai () is a village in the eastern part of Ignalina district in Lithuania.
British Bangladeshis () are people of Bangladeshi origin who have attained citizenship in the United Kingdom, through immigration and historical naturalisation.
The term can also refer to their descendants.
Bengali Muslims have prominently been migrating to the UK since the 1940s.
Migration reached its peak during the 1970s, with most originating from the Sylhet Division.
The largest concentration live in east London boroughs, such as Tower Hamlets.
This large diaspora in London leads people in Sylhet to refer to British Bangladeshis as Londoni ().
Bangladeshis form one of the UK's largest group of people of overseas descent and are also one of the country's youngest and fastest growing communities.
The 2011 UK Census recorded just over 450,000 residents of Bangladeshi ethnicity.
History.
Bengalis have been present in Britain as early as the 19th century.
One of the earliest records of a Bengali migrant, by the name of Saeed Ullah, can be found in Robert Lindsay's autobiography.
Saeed Ullah was said to have migrated not only for work but also to attack Lindsay and avenge his Sylheti elders for the Muharram Rebellion of 1782.
Other early records of arrivals from the region that is now known as Bangladesh are of Sylheti cooks in London during 1873, in the employment of the East India Company, who travelled to the UK as lascars on ships to work in restaurants.
The first educated South Asian to travel to Europe and live in Britain was I'tisam-ud-Din, a Bengali Muslim cleric, Munshi and diplomat to the Mughal Empire who arrived in 1765 with his servant Muhammad Muqim during the reign of King George III.
He wrote of his experiences and travels in his Persian book, "Shigurf-nama-i-Wilayat" (or 'Wonder Book of Europe').
This is also the earliest record of literature by a British Asian.
The man was waited upon by the Prime Minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Younger, and then dined with the Duke of York before presenting himself in front of the King.
Many Sylheti people believed that seafaring was a historical and cultural inheritance due to a large proportion of Sylheti Muslims being descended from foreign traders, lascars and businessman from the Middle East and Central Asia who migrated to the Sylhet region before and after the Conquest of Sylhet.
Khala Miah, who was a Sylheti migrant, claimed this was a very encouraging factor for Sylhetis to travel to Calcutta aiming to eventually reach the United States and United Kingdom.
A crew of lascars would be led by a Serang.
Serangs were ordered to recruit crew members themselves by the British and so they would go into their own villages and areas in the Sylhet region often recruiting their family and neighbours.
The British had no problem with this as it guaranteed the group of lascars would be in harmony.
According to lascars Moklis Miah and Mothosir Ali, up to forty lascars from the same village would be in the same ship.
Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi is said to be the first Sylheti to open a restaurant in the country.
It was called "Dilkush Delight" and located in Soho.
Ayub Ali was also the president of the United Kingdom Muslim League having links with Liaquat Ali Khan and Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Some ancestors of British Bangladeshis went to the UK before World War I.
Author Caroline Adams records that in 1925 a lost Bengali man was searching for other Bengali settlers in London.
These first few arrivals started the process of "chain migration" mainly from one region of Bangladesh, Sylhet, which led to substantial numbers of people migrating from rural areas of the region, creating links between relatives in Britain and the region.
They mainly immigrated to the United Kingdom to find work, achieve a better standard of living, and to escape conflict.
During the pre-state years, the 1950s and 1960s, Bengali men immigrated to London in search of employment.
Most settled in Tower Hamlets, particularly around Spitalfields and Brick Lane.
In 1971, Bangladesh (until then known as "East Pakistan") fought for its independence from West Pakistan in what was known as the Bangladesh Liberation War.
In the region of Sylhet, this led some to join the Mukti Bahini, or Liberation Army.
In the 1970s, changes in immigration laws encouraged a new wave of Bangladeshis to come to the UK and settle.
Job opportunities were initially limited to low paid sectors, with unskilled and semi-skilled work in small factories and the textile trade being common.
When the 'Indian' restaurant concept became popular, some Sylhetis started to open cafes.
From these small beginnings a network of Bangladeshi restaurants, shops and other small businesses became established in Brick Lane and surrounding areas.
The influence of Bangladeshi culture and diversity began to develop across the East London boroughs.
The early immigrants lived and worked mainly in cramped basements and attics within the Tower Hamlets area.
The men were often illiterate, poorly educated, and spoke little English, so they could not interact well with the English-speaking population and could not enter higher education.
Some became targets for businessmen, who sold their properties to Sylhetis, even though they had no legal claim to the buildings.
By the late 1970s, the Brick Lane area had become predominantly Bengali, replacing the former Jewish community which had declined.
Jews migrated to outlying suburbs of London, as they integrated with the majority British population.
Jewish bakeries were turned into curry houses, jewellery shops became sari stores, and synagogues became dress factories.
The synagogue at the corner of Fournier Street and Brick Lane became the Brick Lane Jamme Masjid or 'Brick Lane Mosque', which continues to serve the Bangladeshi community to this day.
This building represents the history of successive communities of immigrants in this part of London.
It was finally sold, to become the Jamme Masjid.
The period also however saw a rise in the number of attacks on Bangladeshis in the area, in a reprise of the racial tensions of the 1930s, when Oswald Mosley's Blackshirts had marched against the Jewish communities.
In nearby Bethnal Green the anti-immigrant National Front became active, distributing leaflets on the streets and holding meetings.
White youths known as "skinheads" appeared in the Brick Lane area, vandalising property and reportedly spitting on Bengali children and assaulting women.
On 4 May 1978, Altab Ali, a 24-year-old Bangladeshi leather clothing worker, was murdered by three teenage boys as he walked home from work in a racially motivated attack.
The murder took place near the corner of Adler Street and Whitechapel Road, by St Mary's Churchyard.
This murder mobilised the Bangladeshi community in Britain.
Demonstrations were held in the area of Brick Lane against the National Front, and groups such as the Bangladesh Youth Movement were formed.
His murder was the trigger for the first significant political organisation against racism by local Bangladeshis.
The identification and association of British Bangladeshis with Tower Hamlets owes much to this campaign.
A park has been named after Altab Ali at the street where he was murdered.
In 1986, the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee's race relations and immigration sub-committee conducted an inquiry called "Bangladeshis in Britain".
In evidence given to the committee by Home Office officials, they noted that an estimated 100,000 Bangladeshis lived in Great Britain.
A Home Office official noted that the Sylheti dialect was "the ordinary means of communication for about 95 per cent of the people who come from Bangladesh" and that all three Bengali interpreters employed at Heathrow Airport spoke Sylheti, including Abdul Latif.
In 1988, a "friendship link" between the city of St Albans in Hertfordshire and the municipality of Sylhet was created by the district council under the presidency of Muhammad Gulzar Hussain of Bangladesh Welfare Association, St Albans.
BWA St Albans were able to name a road in Sylhet municipality (now Sylhet City Corporation) called St Albans Road.
This link between the two cities was established when the council supported housing project in the city as part of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless initiative.
It was also created because Sylhet is the area of origin for the largest ethnic minority group in St Albans.
In April 2001, the London Borough of Tower Hamlets council officially renamed the 'Spitalfields' electoral ward "Spitalfields and Banglatown".
Surrounding streets were redecorated, with lamp posts painted in green and red, the colours of the Bangladeshi flag.
Demographics.
Population.
Bangladeshis in the UK are largely a young population, heavily concentrated in London's inner boroughs.
The UK is also the third single largest export destination for Bangladesh and Britain has the largest Bengali population outside of Bangladesh and West Bengal.
Nearly half of the population live in London, with a heavy concentration mainly in East London boroughs.
The largest populations outside London are in Birmingham, where there were 48,232 Bangladeshis in 2021, Oldham with 21,754, and Luton with a population of 20,630.
Bangladeshis are one of the youngest of the UK's ethnic populations.
Majority of British Bangladeshis originate from several administrative sub-districts (known in Bangladesh as "upazilas" or "thanas") of one of the four districts in the Sylhet Division.
Most originate from the Sylhet District "thanas" of Balaganj, Beanibazar, Bishwanath, Fenchuganj and Golapganj.
"Thanas" outside of the Sylhet District which have the highest numbers of origin include Jagannathpur of Sunamganj District, Moulvibazar, and Nabiganj of Habiganj District.
Majority had settled within the long-established Bangladeshi community in East London.
Many were skilled graduates who left their homes in South Asia attracted by jobs in Italy's industrial north, but moved to the UK when Italian manufacturing jobs went into decline.
Employment.
Bangladeshis are now mainly employed in the distribution, hotel and restaurant industries.
New generation Bangladeshis, however, aspire to professional careers, becoming doctors, engineers, IT management specialists, teachers and in business.
Bangladeshi families were also the most likely ethnicity to be in receipt of the disability living allowance (in both the care component and the mobility component), child benefit, child tax credit, pension credit, working tax credit, housing benefit, and the most likely Asian ethnicity to reside in social housing.
British Bangladeshis have the highest overall relative poverty rate of any ethnic group in the UK.
The Economist has argued that the lack of a second income in households was "the main reason" why many Bangladeshi families live below the poverty line and the resulting high proportion reliant on welfare payments from the government.
According to research by Yaojun Li from the University of Manchester in 2016, while the employment rate of Bangladeshis has improved and the proportion of women in work has risen by one-third in the last five years, it is still weaker than educational performance.
Nine per cent of working age Bangladeshis are unemployed which is almost twice the national average.
Education.
In December 2016, according to a Social Mobility Commission study, children of Bangladeshi origin are among the British Asians who 'struggle for top jobs despite better school results'.
The UK's Social Mobility Commission commissioned an 'Ethnicity, Gender and Social Mobility' report with research carried out by academics from LKMco and Education Datalab which found that there has been an increase in educational attainment for Bangladeshi origin pupils in the UK and their performance has improved at a more rapid rate than other ethnic groups in recent years at almost every key stage of education.
Almost half of young Bangladeshi people from the poorest quintile go to university.
However, this is not reflected or translating in labour market outcomes because although young people from Bangladeshi backgrounds are more likely to "succeed in education and go to university," they are less likely to go on to "find employment or secure jobs in managerial or professional occupations."
The report also found that female Bangladeshi graduations are less likely to gain managerial and professional roles than male Bangladeshis graduates, despite achieving at school.
British Bangladeshi women earn less than other ethnic minority groups.
Ofsted reports from secondary schools have shown that many Bangladeshi pupils are making significant progress, compared with other ethnic minority groups.
It was reported in 2014, there were a total of 60,699 graduates of Bangladeshi descent.
In November 2015, an Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) report said that Bangladeshi children living in the UK have a nearly 49 percent higher chance on average of a university education than white British pupils.
Until 1998, Tower Hamlets, where the concentration of British Bangladeshis is greatest was the worst performing local authority in England.
Until 2009, Bangladeshis in England performed worse than the national average.
In 2015, 62 per cent of British Bangladeshis got five good GCSEs, including English and Maths which is five per cent above the average, and Bangladeshi girls outperformed boys by eight per cent.
In February 2018, according to a report from social mobility by the Sutton Trust, British Bangladeshi students are over six times more likely than white students to stay living at home and studying nearby.
According to Department for Education statistics for the 2020-21 academic year, British Bangladeshi pupils attained below the national average for academic performance at A-Level, but above the national average for GCSE level.
In an article published in The Economist in November 2022, the improved GCSE results for Bangladeshi students were highlighted with no other ethnic group seeing the same level of improvement in the past two decade span.
Health.
A survey in the 1990s on the visible communities in Britain by the Policy Studies Institute concluded that British Bangladeshis continue to be among the most severely disadvantaged.
Bangladeshis had the highest rates of illness in the UK, in 2001.
Bangladeshi men were three times as likely to visit their doctor as men in the general population.
Smoking was very common amongst the men, but very few women smoked, perhaps due to cultural customs.
Research suggests that British Bangladeshis need intervention to prevent diabetes at a body mass index (BMI) of 21, which is lower than the otherwise recommended threshold.
Housing.
The average number of people living in each Bangladeshi household is 5, larger than all other ethnic groups.
British Bangladeshis are around three times more likely to be in poverty compared to their white counterparts, according to a 2015 report entitled 'Ethnic Inequalities' by the Centre for Social Investigation (CSI) at Nuffield College at University of Oxford.
"Bangladeshi background are also more likely to have a limiting long-term illness or disability and to live in more crowded conditions," it noted.
In Tower Hamlets, an estimated one-third of young Bangladeshis are unemployed, one of the highest such rates in the country.
Wealth.
Culture.
Language.
The most common language spoken among British Bangladeshis is Sylheti, with around an estimated 400,000 speakers.
Sylheti is generally considered as a dialect of Bengali, though some linguists view it as an independent language.
In the context of diglossia in Bangladesh, Sylheti is viewed as a regional dialect while standard Bengali (the official language), is the standard of communication and education.
In the UK however, Sylheti being used as the main vernacular by a majority uninfluenced by standard Bengali has led some to view it as a distinct language.
There had been unsuccessful attempts by a fringe group during the 1980s to recognise Sylheti as a language in Tower Hamlets, which lacked support from the rest of the local Sylheti community as most favoured Standard Bengali to be taught in "mother tongue" classes.
Standard Bengali maintains its prominence in British Bangladeshi media and is considered as a prestige language which helps to foster a cultural or national identity linked with Bangladesh.
Parents therefore encourage young people to attend Bengali classes to learn the language.
Although many Sylheti speakers find this learning progress difficult in the UK.
In Tower Hamlets, the Shaheed Minar was erected in Altab Ali Park in 1999.
A similar monument was built in Westwood, in Oldham, through a local council regeneration.
The event takes place at midnight on 20 February annually, where the community come together to lay wreaths at the monument.
Around 2,500 families, councillors and community members paid their respect at Altab Ali Park, as of February 2009.
Some linguists are attempting to revive a script that was historically used in the Sylhet region called Sylheti Nagri.
The Sylheti Project of SOAS University of London is notable for promoting Sylheti in its exclusivity.
In 2017, British schools enlisted Sylheti in the list of native languages spoken by students.
BBC News has also broadcast online videos relating to COVID-19 in five major South Asian languages which included Sylheti.
Based on the 2011 census, English is spoken as a main language by nearly half of the population.
One way in which British Bangladeshis try to hold on to their links to Bangladesh is by sending their British-born children to school there.
Pupils are taught the British curriculum and children born in the UK are dotted among those in the classroom.
Italian is spoken by the recent Italian Bangladeshi immigrants to the UK.
Religion.
The largest affiliations are the Deobandis (mainly of Tablighi Jamaat), the Jamaat-e-Islami movement, and the Sufi Barelvi movement (which includes the Fultoli).
The Hizb ut-Tahrir, and the Salafi movement also have a small following.
Arabic is also learned by children, many of whom attend Qur'an classes at mosques or the madrasah.
Many male youths are also involved with Islamic groups, which include the Young Muslim Organisation, affiliated with the Islamic Forum Europe.
This group is based in Tower Hamlets, and has thus attracted mainly young Bangladeshi Muslims.
It has been increasingly associated with the East London Mosque, which is one of the largest mosques used predominantly by Bangladeshis.
In 2004, the mosque created a new extension attached, the London Muslim Centre which holds up to 10,000 people.
Celebrations.
Significant Bengali events or celebrations are celebrated by the community annually.
The Baishakhi Mela is a celebration of the Bengali New Year, celebrated by the Bengali community every year.
In Bangladesh and West Bengal it is known as the Pohela Boishakh.
The Mela is also designed to enhance the area's community identity, bringing together the best of Bengali culture.
Brick Lane is the main destination where curry and Bengali spices are served throughout the day.
As of 2009, the Mela was organised by the Tower Hamlets council, attracting 95,000 people, featuring with popular artists such as Momtaz Begum, Nukul Kumar Bishwash, Mumzy Stranger and many others.
The Nowka Bais is a traditional boat racing competition.
It was first brought to the United Kingdom in 2007 to commemorate the 1000th birthday of Oxfordshire.
It has gained recognition and support from Queen Elizabeth II and others.
Since 2015, it has been hosted in Birmingham, where it is the largest cultural event in the West Midlands and the largest boat race in Britain, attracting thousands of people.
Marriage.
Bangladeshi weddings are celebrated with a combination of Bengali and Muslim traditions, and play a large part in developing and maintaining social ties.
Many marriages are between the British diaspora ("Londonis") and the native-born Bangladeshis.
Sometimes men will go to Bangladesh to get married, however recently more women are marrying in Bangladesh.
Second or third generation Bangladeshis are more likely to get married in the UK within the British culture.
However this exposure has created a division between preferences for arranged marriages or for love marriages.
Tradition holds that the bride's family must buy the bridegroom's family a set of new furniture to be housed in the family home, with all original furniture given away or discarded.
Forced marriage.
Another media highlight includes a Bangladeshi-born National Health Service doctor Humayra Abedin.
She was deceived by her parents after asking her to arrive at their home in Dhaka, a court ordered her parents to hand her over to the British High Commission.
The commission has been reported to have handled 56 cases from April 2007 to March 2008.
The majority of the victims were likely in the 18-21 age group and the proportion of males were higher for Bangladeshis than other groups.
However, Pakistan has the highest number of cases of forced marriage.
Cuisine.
British Bangladeshis consume traditional Bangladeshi food, in particular rice with curry.
Many traditional Bengali dishes are served with rice, including chicken, lentil (dahl), and fish.
Another popular food is shatkora, which is a citrus and tangy fruit from Sylhet, mainly used for flavourings in curries.
Bangladeshi cooking has become popular in Britain because of the number of Bangladeshi-owned restaurants, which has increased significantly.
In 1946, there were 20 restaurants, while in 2015 there are 8,200 owned by Bangladeshis, out of a total of 9,500 Indian restaurants in the UK.
British Bangladeshis have made a number of recent contributions to the culinary heritage of inner-city London.
Drawing on the kebab culture introduced to the city by its Turkish and Kurdish population, as well as the city's chicken shop culture, British Bangladeshis have invented dishes such as naga doner, shatkora doner and naga wings.
These fusion dishes are popular with South Asian Londoners, particularly in the East End.
Media.
There are five Bengali channels available on satellite television in Britain.
These include Channel S, NTV, ATN Bangla, TV One, IQRA Bangla and iON TV.
Bengali newspapers have been increasing within the community, most prominent of these include "Potrika", "Janomot", "Surma News Group" and "Bangla Post".
The first international film based on a story about British Bangladeshis was "Brick Lane" (2007), based on the novel by author Monica Ali, her book is about a woman who moves to London from rural Bangladesh, with her husband, wedded in an arranged marriage.
The film was critically acclaimed and the novel was an award-winning best seller.
The film however caused some controversy within the community.
Other films created in the community are mainly based on the struggles which British Bangladeshis face such as drugs and presenting a culture clash.
In 2020, BBC Four released an episode of "A Very British History" focusing on the history of British Bangladeshis and Bangladeshi emigration to the United Kingdom from the 1960s onwards, hosted by Dr Aminul Hoque.
Festivals.
Religious Muslim festivals are celebrated by the community each year including Eid al-Adha and Eid ul-Fitr.
Muslims dress for the occasion in traditionally Bangladeshi style clothing.
Children are given clothing or money.
Eid prayers are attended by large numbers of men.
Relatives, friends, and neighbors visit and exchange food and sweets.
In the evening, young people will often spend the remaining time socialising with friends.
Sociologists suggest these British Bangladeshi boys and girls have reinterpreted the older, more traditional practice of their faith and culture.
The Eid al-Adha is celebrated after Hajj, to commemorate the prophet Ibrahim's compliance to sacrifice his son Isma'il.
Traditionally, an animal has to be sacrificed, and its meat distributed among family, friends, and the poor as "zakat" (charity).
In the UK, however, people usually purchase the meat from specialized shops.
Instead of distributing meat, some donate to mosques, or remit money to Bangladesh for the purchase of cows for sacrifice and distribution there.
Society.
Notables.
Rushanara Ali is the first person of Bangladeshi origin to have been elected as a member of parliament during the 2010 general election for the Labour Party from the constituency of Bethnal Green and Bow, winning by a large majority of more than 10,000.
Tulip Siddiq became a member of parliament in the 2015 elections, getting elected from Camden Town.
Tulip is the niece of the sitting Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina and granddaughter of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman the founder father of Bangladesh.
Anwar Choudhury became the British High Commissioner for Bangladesh in 2004, the first non-white British person to be appointed in a senior diplomatic post.
Lutfur Rahman is the first directly elected mayor of Tower Hamlets, who was later removed from office for breaching electoral rules.
Enam Ali became the first Muslim and the first representative of the British curry industry to be granted Freedom of the City of London in recognition of his contribution to the Indian hospitality industry.
Murad Qureshi, a Labour politician, is a member of the Greater London Assembly.
Others have contributed in the British media and business worlds.
Konnie Huq is the longest-serving female presenter in Blue Peter, a BBC television programme for children.
Other notable national TV presenters have included Lisa Aziz of Sky News, Nina Hossain (ITV and BBC London), Tasmin Lucia Khan (BBC News) and Shawkat Hashmi is Community Editor at BBC Sheffield, (BBC News).
In drama, Shefali Chowdhury and Afshan Azad both starred in the Harry Potter movies as Parvati and Padma Patil.
Syed Ahmed is a businessman and also a television star, well known for being a candidate on The Apprentice.
Rizwan Hussain is also very well known for presenting Islamic and charity shows on Channel S and Islam Channel, mainly known within the community.
Artists include fashion designer and artist Rahemur Rahman, dancer and choreographer Akram Khan, pianist Zoe Rahman, vocalist Suzana Ansar and Sohini Alam (born 1978), and the visual artist on film and photography Runa Islam.
Notable authors who have received praise for their books include Zia Haider Rahman whose debut novel In the Light of What We Know was published in 2014, Ed Husain, who wrote the book "The Islamist" on account of his experience for five years with the Hizb ut-Tahrir, Monica Ali for her book "Brick Lane" a story based on a Bangladeshi woman, and Kia Abdullah for her book, "Life, Love and Assimilation".
Large numbers of people from the Bangladeshi community have also been involved with local government, increasingly in the London boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Camden.
The majority of the councillors in Tower Hamlets are of Bangladeshi descent and part of the Labour Party.
The first Bangladeshi mayor in the country was Ghulam Murtuza in Tower Hamlets.
Camden has appointed many Bangladeshis as mayors since the first, Nasim Ali.
Sports.
Anwar Uddin was the first notable British Bangladeshi footballer to achieve notability.
He began his career at West Ham United, where he joined the winning team of the .
In May 2015, he was appointed manager of Sporting Bengal United.
Hamza Choudhury currently plays for Leicester City F.C., making him the first player of Bengali descent to play in the Premier League, and he has also made appearances for the England under-21 team.
British Bangladeshis have also engaged themselves in other sports like cricket, snooker and badminton.
Bulbul Hussain of Whitechapel is a wheelchair rugby player of Bengali origin, and he has been a part of the Great Paralympic Team since 2008.
In 2012, British kickboxing champion Ruqsana Begum was among the nine people of Bangladeshi descent who carried the Olympic torch along with some 8,000 Britons across the UK.
Akram Khan was a choreographer of the Olympic opening ceremony.
Khan was in direction when 12,000 dance artistes performed in the Olympic opening ceremony.
Enam Ali's Le Raj restaurant was selected as one of the official food suppliers of the London Olympics.
The restaurant also prepared and provided Iftar to the Muslim guests at the Olympics.
Political identity.
In Bangladeshi politics there are two groups, favouring different principles, one Islamic and the other secular.
The secular group show nationalism through monuments, or through the introduction of Bengali culture, and the Islamic group mainly through dawah.
The monuments are a smaller replica of the one in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and symbolises a mother and the martyred sons.
Nationalism is mainly witnessed during celebrations of the mela, when groups such as the Swadhinata Trust try to promote Bengali history and heritage amongst young people, in schools, youth clubs and community centres.
According to a 2013 survey by the Center on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) at the University of Manchester, ethnic minorities in the country were more likely to describe themselves as exclusively "British" than their white British counterparts.
A 2009 study by the University of Surrey suggested that some Bangladeshis in Britain, particularly the youth, embrace their "Britishness" while feeling alienated from "Englishness".
The underlying assumption was that "Englishness" was associated with "whiteness" whereas "Britishness" denoted a more universal kind of identity that encompasses various cultural and racial backgrounds.
Youth gangs.
As a response to conditions faced by their first generation elders during the 1970s , younger Bangladeshis started to form gangs, developing a sense of dominating their territory.
One consequence of this was that Bangladeshi gangs began fighting each other.
The notorious gangs have been given names that end with "massive" or "posse", such as the Brick Lane Massive and Brady Street Massive.
Other smaller groups include the Shadwell Crew, Cannon Street Posse, Bengal Tigers and Bethnal Green Boys.
In the past, Bangladeshi gangs have fostered criminal elements, including low level drug use and credit card fraud.
However, for many the focus has changed to fighting over their territories.
They use a variety of weapons, such as samurai swords, machetes, kitchen knives and meat cleavers, although guns are rarely used.
When members reach their twenties they usually grow out of gang membership, but some move on to more serious criminal activity.
Increasing numbers of Bangladeshi youths are taking hard drugs, in particular heroin.
Islamic fundamentalism has also played a part in the youth culture, illustrated by the efforts of one Brick Lane gang to oust prostitutes from the area.
Business.
Brick Lane, known as Banglatown, is home to many of these restaurants, and is now regarded as London's 'curry capital', with thousands of visitors every day.
The restaurants serve different types of curry dishes, including fish, chutneys, and other halal dishes.
Attitudes towards restaurant work has shifted among second-generation Bangladeshis who lack interest in working in the curry industry due to their social mobility and opportunities provided by their parents.
Although the curry industry has been the primary business of Bangladeshis "(see Cuisine)", many other Bangladeshis own grocery stores.
Whitechapel is a thriving local street market, offering many low-priced goods for the local Bengali community.
In Brick Lane there are many Bengali staples available, such as frozen fish and jack fruits.
There are also many travel agents offering flights to Sylhet.
Many Bangladeshi businesses located in the East End wish to maintain a link with Sylhet, for example the Weekly Sylheter Dak or the Sylhet Stores.
Company chairman, Dr Fazal Mahmood, admitted the business owed hundreds of thousands of pounds to the public. and claimed that the firm had lost control of the money it handled due to a lack of regulation.
Other large companies include Seamark and IBCO, owned by millionaire Iqbal Ahmed, Taj Stores, and many others.
In 2004, Guild of Bangladeshi Restaurateurs requested for ethnic restaurant staff positions to be designated as a shortage occupation, which would make it easier for Bangladeshi citizens to obtain UK work permits.
In 2008, Guild of Bangladeshi Restaurateurs members raised concerns that many restaurants were under threat because the British Government announced a change in immigration laws which could block entry of high skilled chefs from Bangladesh to the UK.
They requested that the Government recognises that they are skilled workers.
The law demanded these workers speak fluent English, and have good formal qualifications.
However, these changes did not take place.
Immigration policy changes has made it more difficult to source skilled workers from abroad, resulting in a paucity of chefs with the culinary skills to run an Indian-style kitchen.
The Government's cap on skilled-workers from outside the EU means chefs must earn this salary a year to be permitted to work in UK restaurants.
A Government scheme set up in 2012 to train UK nationals to work as chefs in Asian and Oriental restaurants struggled with a lack of interest, despite a YouGov poll at the time indicating that almost a third of young people would consider working in the sector.
Experts say curry houses are closing down at the rate of two a week because of a shortage of tandoori chefs.
Remittance.
The UK is the second biggest foreign investor in Bangladesh and one of the largest development partners of Bangladesh.
Over 240 UK companies are operating in different sectors including retail, banking, energy, infrastructure, consultancy and education with leading centres of operation in Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet.
Many British Bangladeshis send money to Bangladesh to build houses.
In villages in Sylhet, there are houses built suburbs or communities through financial support mainly received from the UK, fuelling a building boom.
Businesses have also been established by the British expatriates in the city of Sylhet, such as hotels, restaurants, often themed on those found in London, have also been established to cater to the visiting Sylheti expatriate population and the growing Sylheti middle classes (i.e.
"London Fried Chicken" or "Tessco").
For a large number of families in Britain the cost of living, housing, or education for the children severely constrains any regular financial commitment towards Bangladesh.
This, in turn, can reduce even more the level of investment in Sylhet.
The painting shows a lane leading from East Bergholt toward Dedham, Essex, and depicts a young shepherd boy drinking from a pool in the heat of summer.
The location is along Fen Lane, which the artist knew well.
Constable referred to the piece as The Drinking Boy.
On the advice of Constable's friend, the botanist Henry Phillips, "The Cornfield" was painted with the trees and plants depicted as accurately as possible.
Constable commissioned the engraver David Lucas to produce the plates of the painting for a book, "Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery", first published in July 1830.
The art historian Anthony Bailey considers "The Cornfield" to have "opened the gate through which a great number of people were to pass into Constable's country".
The painting was praised but Constable did not find a buyer.
Background.
John Constable was born in 1776 in the Suffolk village of East Bergholt, to Golding Constable and his wife Ann.
After his education at schools in Lavenham and Dedham, Constable worked in his father's corn business, but his younger brother Abram eventually took over the running of the mills.
In 1799, the 19-year-old Constable persuaded his father to let him pursue a career in art, and Golding granted him a small allowance to allow him to train.
He entered the Royal Academy Schools as a probationer.
Following his marriage to Maria Bicknell In 1816, Constable lived in Bloomsbury in central London, before his family settled in Hampstead, where they lived permanently from 1827 onwards.
The year "The Cornfield" was painted, Constable was 50 and had not yet been accepted as a full member of the Royal Academy of Arts, despite having sought election since the early 1820s.
Composition.
Constable's painting "The Cornfield", painted in oil on canvas, depicts a young shepherd.
The boy, wearing a red waistcoat, is drinking from a pool as he rests from his work at noon in the heat of summer.
He has removed his hat.
The painting is a view of Fen Lane, which Constable knew well.
As a schoolboy he had regularly walked along the lane, which was the shortest way from East Bergholt and over New Fen Bridge across to the River Stour toward his school in Dedham.
The painting was completed from January to March 1826 in Constable's London studio.
Constable himself called it "The Drinking Boy", and he intended it to be his most important exhibited work of that year.
The work is similar in size to "The Lock", a painting that was originally planned as a pendant to "The Cornfield".
Constable produced a smaller preparatory oil sketch, which has survived, and which shows how the work was developed over time.
In the background of the sketch, the figure of the boy and his animals are not depicted.
None of the trees in the sketch are dead, unlike the trees painted in the final work.
He produced , now in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
No sketches made at the scene are known.
Constable made "The Cornfield" as botanically accurate as possible.
On 1 March 1826, his friend Henry Phillips, a botanist, wrote to Constable with advice about how the plants should be painted.
At this season all the tall grasses are in flower, bogrush, bullrush, teasel.
He was preoccupied by his work on the painting, writing to his friend John Fisher, "I could think of and speak to no-one.
The crop in the field is probably meant to be wheat, depicted at full height and as tall as the gate at the end of the lane.
To the public seeing Constable's painting during his lifetime, the wheat would have been a representation of peace, fertility and wealth.
According to the art historian Michael Rosenthal, "The Cornfield" typifies Constable's picturesque phase, which culminated in 1828.
After 1822 Constable's was mainly done in his London studio, which led to him being more concerned with the effect of his painting on the senses, and less about realism.
The work reflected Constable's nostalgia for the rural Suffolk he recalled from his youth, considered by him to be lost.
Engraving by Lucas.
Constable commissioned the engraver David Lucas to produce the plates of the painting for a book, "Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery".
The book was published in July 1830.
After seeing prints of "The Cornfield" and "The Lock" produced by Lucas, Constable told him, "Now... is every bit of sunshine clouded over in me.
I can never look at these two flattering testimonies of the result of my singularly marked life... without the most painful emotions." in 1834, when suffering from depression and seemingly jealous of the success the prints of "The Lock" and "The Cornfield" were attracting, Constable argued with Lucas, and complained his works were no longer giving him pleasure.
Can it... therefore be wondered at that I paint continual storms?"
He later apologised to Lucas.
After Constable's death, James Brook Pulham, a former pupil, borrowed Lucas's prints of "The Cornfield" and "The Lock" without permission from the home of the artist.
This caused considerable distress to the family.
The prints became well-known during the Victorian era, being images that the public had access to, in contrast with the original oil paintings at the National Gallery.
Exhibitions and reception.
On 8 April 1826, Constable wrote to his friend Fisher that "The Cornfield" had been sent to the Royal Academy to be exhibited.
Chantry tried unsuccessfully to amend the appearance of the sheep in the foreground.
In September 1827, it went to the Paris Salon, where it was shown to the public from early November to the spring of 1828 under the title "".
It was returned to England the following September.
In Paris, it failed to receive the same acclaim given to his previous works.
It was praised by the critics but never managed to find a seller at any of the five exhibitions where it was shown.
"The Cornfield" was shown by Constable at the Birmingham Society of Arts exhibition in 1829, and by the Worcester Institution in 1835.
The miniaturist Andrew Robertson described the work as having "all the truth of conception, with les of the manner that was objected to" in works such as Constable's "Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows".
The art historian Anthony Bailey considers the work to have "opened the gate through which a great number of people were to pass into Constable's country".
Acquisition by the National Gallery.
In 1837, Constable's friend Charles Robert Leslie began working on the purchase of one of Constable's works for the nation, to be bought by a body of subscribers, The Committee of Friends and Admirers, chaired by the portraitist William Beechey.
The committee had initially considered purchasing Constable's "Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows", but this work was rejected after it was thought to be "too boldly executed".
"The Cornfield" was valued at 300 guineas, .
The funds were raised, and the National Gallery accepted the painting in December 1837.
He was born in Rye, Sussex, England in 1808.
He studied medicine at University College, London from 1828 until 1830.
In 1840 he became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland and a Fellow in 1869.
Between 1830 and 1840 Knight worked as a doctor and spent time in America.
Administrative career.
In 1841 he sailed to Australia as ship's surgeon on the "Lord Glenelg".
After arrival, he was employed by the Governor of South Australia, George Grey as a clerk.
Knight moved with Grey when the latter was appointed Governor of New Zealand.
In February 1846 Knight was appointed as the country's inaugural auditor-general and in 1855 became manager of the Colonial Bank of Issue and then auditor of public accounts and chaired many official commissions into subjects as diverse as flax production, meteorology and civil servant employment conditions.
He later re-organised the postal banking system.
In New Zealand, Knight first lived in Auckland and when the government moved to Wellington, he also relocated to the new capital in 1865.
Botany.
Knight was a keen botanist and his main interest was lichens.
He was the author of 20 scientific papers, 16 about lichens.
Knight exchanged letters with Joseph Hooker Director of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew for over 30 years.
He also contributed specimens and drawings to the collections there and in other countries as well as in New Zealand.
In addition, he organised New Zealand government funding for Hooker to write the "Handbook of the New Zealand flora" published in 1864.
During 1868 and 1869 Knight was in Britain with Grey, and was able to spend time with the botanists and lichen collections at Kew.
He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society of London in 1857.
He joined the Wellington Philosophical Society in 1869 and was president in 1873 and 1874.
He was a member of the board of governors of the New Zealand Institute from 1870 to 1872 and in 1875.
Personal life.
Knight married Caroline Symes in 1844 when he was living in Adelaide.
They had two sons and three daughters together.
He died at his home in Wellington and is buried at Bolton Street Memorial Park.
Legacy.
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the "Star Trek" media franchise.
Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets ("the Federation") as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series "").
While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented.
Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
History.
During production of early episodes of the , several details of the makeup of the "Star Trek" universe had yet to be worked out, including the operating authority for the USS "Enterprise".
The terms "Star Service" ("The Conscience of the King"), "Spacefleet Command" ("The Squire of Gothos"), "United Earth Space Probe Agency" ("Charlie X" and "Tomorrow Is Yesterday"), and "Space Central" ("") were all used to refer to the "Enterprise"s operating authority, before the term "Starfleet" became widespread from the episode "" onwards.
However, references to the United Earth Space Probe Agency, and its abbreviation UESPA, are to be found in episodes of later series.
For example, the "Friendship One" probe (launched, on the fictional timeline, in 2067) is marked with the letters UESPA-1 in the ' episode "".
Other background props included additional UESPA references, such as Captain Jean-Luc Picard's family album in "Star Trek Generations".
During the production of ', some larger Starfleet insignia designs included the name "United Earth Space Probe Agency".
Multiple "" episodes refer to Starfleet having started operation some time between 2112 and 2136, when it funded research begun by Zefram Cochrane and Henry Archer, which led to the first successful flight of Warp-3 vessels in the 2140s.
Starfleet acts under the Prime Directive, a policy of non-interference with pre-warp worlds, such as interference in their internal politics.
This is said not to be a human construct, but stems from policies originally implemented by the Vulcans, who regarded an alien civilization's attainment of warp speed as the sign of their importance and a reason for making first contact with them.
The Prime Directive and Starfleet's first-contact policies are at the center of several episodes in each "Star Trek" series and the film "".
Starfleet Headquarters is shown to be located on Earth, northeast of the Golden Gate Bridge in the present-day Fort Baker area.
Starfleet Academy is located in the same general area.
Additionally, various episodes show Starfleet operating a series of starbases throughout Federation territory, as ground facilities, or as space stations in planetary orbit or in deep space.
One example is Deep Space 9, a station near a wormhole commanded by Benjamin Sisko after its transfer from the Cardassian Empire.
Mission.
Starfleet has been shown to handle scientific, defense, and diplomatic missions, although its primary mandate seems to be peaceful exploration in the search for sentient life, as seen in the mission statements of different incarnations of the USS "Enterprise".
The flagship of Starfleet is often considered to be the starship USS "Enterprise".
Components.
As early as the original ', characters refer to attending Starfleet Academy.
Later series establish it as an officer training facility with a four-year educational program.
The main campus is located near Starfleet Headquarters in what is now Fort Baker, California.
Starfleet Command.
The term "Starfleet Command" is first used in episode "".
Its headquarters are depicted as being in Fort Baker, across the Golden Gate from San Francisco, in ' and '.
Overlooking the Command from the other side of the Golden Gate is the permanent site of the Council of the United Federation of Planets in what is now the Presidio of San Francisco.
Throughout the "Star Trek" franchise, the main characters' isolation from Starfleet Command compels them to make and act upon decisions without Starfleet Command's orders or information, particularly in "" when the main protagonists have no means of contacting Earth for several years.
Starfleet Shipyards.
StarTrek.com notes that many of Starfleet's ships are built on Mare Island near San Francisco.
Utopia Planitia served as Starfleet's main ship yards throughout a large portion of Starfleet's existence.
After the "Enterprise-D" encountered the Borg in the episode "Q Who" the size of the Utopia Planitia shipyards was doubled out of fear of a Borg strike.
They were once again doubled after the Dominion threat became more evident.
A devastating attack on these shipyards is a major plot point in "."
In the 2009 film, the "Enterprise" is shown under construction near James T. Kirk's home in Iowa.
In the 2013 sequel, Montgomery "Scotty" Scott discovers a covert Starfleet facility, near Jupiter, that has built a much larger Federation warship, USS "Vengeance".
Starfleet Engineering Corps.
The Starfleet Engineering Corps (also called the Starfleet Corps of Engineers) is mentioned in several episodes in conjunction with projects such as hollowing out the underground laboratory complex inside the Regula I asteroid in ', the design of the "Yellowstone"-class Runabout in the alternate timeline in the ' episode ", and devising a defense against the Breen energy-dampening weapon in the " episode "When It Rains..." As a result of these successes, Starfleet engineers gained a reputation as the undisputed masters of technological adaptation and modification.
Additionally, Pocket Books has published a series of eBooks and novels in the "Starfleet Corps of Engineers" series.
Starfleet Intelligence.
Starfleet Intelligence is an intelligence agency of the United Federation of Planets.
It is entrusted with foreign and domestic espionage, counter-espionage, and state security.
Starfleet Judge Advocate General.
The Starfleet Judge Advocate General (or "JAG") is the branch charged with overseeing legal matters within Starfleet.
Additionally, dialog in "The Measure of a Man" indicates that the loss of a starship automatically leads to a JAG court-martial.
Courts-martial were held following the loss of the USS "Pegasus" and USS "Stargazer".
In the "Voyager" episode "", Tuvok states that the Captain has the authority to conduct a court-martial on the ship, given the circumstance of the ship being isolated from the Federation.
Starfleet Medical.
Starfleet Medical is the medical branch of Starfleet.
Gates McFadden, who played Dr. Beverly Crusher, left "" during its second season.
The character is described during this season, and after her return, as having been assigned to Starfleet Medical.
Starfleet Operations.
Numerous star ship dedication plaques identify other personnel associated with Starfleet Operations.
Rear Admiral James T. Kirk served 18 months as Starfleet's Chief of Operations.
Starfleet Security.
Starfleet Security is an agency of Starfleet referred to in several episodes of ' and '.
Security is a branch of Starfleet first introduced in the .
Main characters in subsequent series have been security officers.
Starfleet Tactical.
Starfleet Tactical is a rarely mentioned department in Starfleet that is responsible for planning defensive strategies, as well as engaging in weapons research and development.
Different species in Starfleet.
Although Humans are the most-often-seen crew members onscreen, Starfleet is shown to be composed of individuals from over 150 species, with Vulcans perhaps being the most common aliens seen.
The ' episode "Take Me Out to the Holosuite" also features such a crew, serving aboard the USS "T'Kumbra". saw the introduction of Starfleet's first Klingon officer.
T'Pol of Vulcan is shown to be the first non-human Starfleet officer, receiving a commission as a commander following the Xindi mission and her resignation from the Vulcan High Command.
In addition, Quinn and Icheb from "" both spoke of joining Starfleet.
An example of the process imagined by the writers is given when the character Nog attempts to apply to the Academy.
He is told that since he is from a non-member world (Ferenginar), he requires a letter of recommendation from a command-level officer before his application can be considered, with the implication that this is the standard procedure for all non-Federation applicants to Starfleet.
East Cracroft Island is an island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.
It is the smaller of the two Cracroft Islands, and at low tide is really one island with its larger neighbour, West Cracroft Island.
On the south side of the shallows that form an isthmus between them at low tide is Port Harvey, a short, wide inlet or bay.
On its east shore is Keecekiltum Indian Reserve No. 2 (11.7 ha. ), which is under the governance of the Tlowitsis Nation of the Kwakwaka'wakw peoples. at .
The Cacroft Islands were named for Sophia Cracroft, niece of Sir John Franklin.
She visited the British Columbia with Lady Franklin in 1861.
Nearby Sophia Island is also named for her.
The island is separated from the mainland on its northwest by Chatham Channel, which leads from Knight Inlet to the entrance to Call Inlet to the east.
Havannah Passage leads south from the opening of Call Inlet, then west along the Cracroft Islands' south side to Johnstone Strait.
Hull Island is off East Cracroft's southeast in the Havannah Channel.
In My Wildest Dreams is a 1992 album by keyboardist Tom Grant featuring David Grant and Wayne Braithwaite.
Production.
Ajai Vasudev is a film director active in the Malayalam film industry.
Film career.
He made his directional movie debut through "Rajadhi Raja", which released on 5 September 2014.
His second film, again with Mammootty, was "Masterpiece".
Michigan's 9th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 9th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part of Wayne County.
Rear Admiral Sarah Edith Sharkey, is an Australian physician, medical administrator, and a senior officer in the Royal Australian Navy.
She has been Commander Joint Health Command and Surgeon General of the Australian Defence Force since 2 December 2019.
While holding the rank of captain, Sharkey was awarded a Conspicuous Service Cross in the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours for "outstanding achievement as the Director of Clinical Governance and Projects and Australian Defence Force Health Services Project Transition Lead".
She was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours "for exceptional service to the Australian Defence Force in the management of health care".
Personal life.
It was later acquired by Hayakawa Publishing, who published it in December 2017 with cover art by shimano.
The novel follows the high school student Haru Koyama, who is transported to another world after her death, where she begins work as a sex worker.
The novel has also been adapted into a manga series, illustrated by J-ta Yamada.
Plot.
The high school student Haru Koyama and her classmate Seiji Chiba are killed in a traffic accident and are teleported to another world together.
While Chiba becomes an adventurer and goes out to slay monsters, Haru discovers that women are not allowed to have special powers in the new world, so she decides to make a living as a sex worker.
Media.
In December 2017, it was acquired by Hayakawa Publishing, who published it in print with cover art by shimano.
In North America, the publisher J-Novel Club licensed the series and published it as an e-book in English.
A manga adaptation, illustrated by J-ta Yamada, started on June 14, 2019.
Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the manga in North America and will publish it under its Ghost Ship imprint.
The manga adaptation will end with the release of its seventh volume.
Reception.
"JK Haru is a Sex Worker in Another World" won an award in the doujinshi, or private publication category at the BookWalker Grand Prix Awards 2019 from digital publisher BookWalker.
The work was also BookWalker's sixth best-selling e-book of 2019.
In the 2019 edition of the annually published light novel guide "Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!
", "JK Haru is a Sex Worker in Another World" was listed at number seven in the tankobon category.
Kim Morrissy wrote in her column "The Best (and worst) Isekai Light Novels" on Anime News Network that "JK Haru is a Sex Worker in Another World" is embracing the isekai genre in a much darker and more deranged manner as a commentary on the genre.
In it, the female protagonist Haru is thrown into a misogynist fantasy world and has to work as a prostitute to survive, while her classmate, who has also been teleported into this world, is endowed with superhuman powers.
St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls is a South African, private Roman Catholic day school located in Boksburg (Ekurhuleni), Gauteng.
History.
The foundation stone of St. Dominic's Convent and School was laid by Bishop Cox, O.M.I.
Roman Catholic Bishop of Johannesburg on 14 September 1921.
Mother Rose Niland took possession of the buildings on behalf of the Dominican Sisters of Newcastle on 21 June 1923 and on the 31st of July that year the first 28 boarders arrived.
They were joined by 32 day pupils the following day.
With an enrollment of 60 pupils St. Dominic's Convent School was officially opened and registered with the Transvaal Education Department on 1 August 1923.
The school now has around 1,000 pupils and 50 teachers.
The 1923 Mayor of Boksburg, Councillor Campbell, described St. Dominic's as a magnificent building where students should find studying a pleasure under ideal conditions.
A hall and new wing were built in 1965 to accommodate the growing numbers of students.
In 1999 the Jubilee Centre was officially opened.
St Dominic's was used as the set for "Skin", a 2008 film portraying the life of Sandra Laing, who was a pupil in 1973, a white South African with darker skin which caused her to be labelled "coloured" during the apartheid era.
She was expelled from school.
Academic life.
St Dominic's Matric pupils write the school leaving examination set by the Independent Examinations Board (IEB).
The IEB is an organisation whose examinations are written by private schools throughout South Africa.
These examinations conform to the requirements of the Certification Board and are recognised by all Universities and Technicons.
The examinations are set on a syllabus which is virtually identical to the National Core Syllabus although the prescribed literature books for the languages (English, Afrikaans, French and Zulu) are different from those studied at Gauteng Education Department schools.
Sports.
Sports available include swimming, water polo, tennis, squash, volleyball, netball and drum majorettes.
As multiple national winners, the senior team has competed overseas and most of the girls achieved Springbok colours, where they represented their country in World championships.
See also.
The battle was initiated by Israel as part of Operation Horev, on the backdrop of the Sinai battles just before.
The Israelis were hoping to encircle all Egyptian forces in Palestine and drive them back to Egypt.
The Golani and Harel brigades were allocated for the attack, with the 8th Brigade serving as the operational reserve and the Negev Brigade staging diversions.
While the Israelis had great trouble to advance in their individual assaults, eventually a battalion-sized force managed to take a position on the road from Rafah to the Sinai Peninsula, effectively surrounding the Egyptian expeditionary force.
However, by this time the Egyptians agreed to negotiate armistice and the Israeli political echelon therefore ordered all troops back.
The battle of Rafah was the last major combat operation in the war and was followed by the armistice agreements with Egypt.
Background.
The Egyptian regular army invaded Israel on May 15, 1948, following Israel's Declaration of Independence the day before.
The main Egyptian column moved up the coastal plain in the following days, stopping at Isdud and establishing its headquarters in Majdal.
After the creation of the Beit Hanoun wedge and other Israeli offensives in Operation Yoav, the Egyptian staff withdrew to Gaza and most of their forces concentrated in what is today the Gaza Strip.
On December 22, 1948, the Israelis launched Operation Horev, with the objective of expelling all Egyptian forces from Palestine.
The Israeli Southern Command, under Yigal Allon, planned to encircle the Egyptians from the Sinai Peninsula, without the knowledge of the General Staff.
Due to international pressure however, Allon's forces retreated from the Sinai and prepared instead to encircle the Egyptians by capturing the positions south of Rafah.
The Arab village Rafah was located on the border of Palestine and Egypt.
In the plateau between the dunes, the British built a large military base on both sides of the border in World War II.
Battle.
The Negev and 8th brigades were also meat to assist in the operation as diversionary and reserve forces, respectively.
The Egyptian forces in the area consisted of a reinforced brigade with 25 pounders and 20 M22 Locust tanks.
A company was allocated to take each Hill 102 and the cemetery position.
A special emphasis was placed on the transport of munitions and reinforcements, following the earlier debacle at the Battle of Hill 86.
The attack on Hill 102 failed, as did two subsequent attacks.
As the Golani forces approached the hill on the first attack, they were hit by friendly fire from the Israeli artillery, which also caused the Egyptians to notice them and fire their own artillery.
The Golani company then retreated.
The second assault, this time involving armored units, was repelled by the Egyptians who had reinforced the position with anti-tank weapons in the meantime.
The Egyptians counterattacked against the cemetery position several times, but could not dislodge the Golani forces.
The first counterattack included 9 tanks, the remnants of the M22 Locust battalion that fought in Operation Assaf and on Hill 86.
Five tanks were destroyed by Golani, and the Egyptians retreated.
The third counterattack was mostly made up of infantry and armored vehicles with flamethrowers.
By this time, most of Golani's weapons were either destroyed or jammed.
After a PIAT hit one of the Egyptian armored vehicles, the latter retreated.
At least 150 Egyptian soldiers were killed in their counterattacks.
On January 5, Golani moved west and took another position closer to the junction, which was still in Egyptian hands.
However, the Egyptians counterattacked during a sandstorm and retook the junction, surprising the Israelis, who retreated with 10 missing.
An 8th Brigade reserve was brought from Gvulot, which conducted an assault on the western position of the junction in the afternoon, but the attack was unsuccessful.
An Egyptian supply convoy and a counterattack were stopped in this area on January 7.
The Egyptians lost 8 tanks and armored vehicles in the counterattack.
One mine they laid destroyed an Egyptian train carrying hundreds of wounded to al-Arish.
The final and decisive attack was planned for January 8, but the sandstorm caused the Israelis to set it off for another 24 hours.
By this time, the Egyptian political echelon had agreed to negotiate armistice with the Israelis, on the condition that Israel withdraws its forces.
The Southern Command chief Yigal Allon was against accepting the terms, but on January 7 Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion agreed.
Aftermath.
The 2012 Malaysia FA Cup, also known as the Astro Piala FA due to the competition's sponsorship by Astro Arena, was the 23rd season of the Malaysia FA Cup, a knockout competition for Malaysia's state football association and clubs.
Terengganu FA were the defending champions.
The cup winner qualified for the 2013 AFC Cup.
Format.
Several changes have been made to the competition for 2012.
The number of participating teams was increased from 30 to 32 and because of this, the defending champions and runners up in the first round would not receive byes as in previous seasons.
Just like the previous edition, the first two rounds would be single matches.
The quarter finals and semi finals would be played over two legs while the final will be played at National Stadium, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, on Saturday, 19 May 2012.
Cambodian outfit Preah Khan Reach have been invited for the first time.
The winner of the 2012 edition will qualify for the 2013 AFC Cup.
Matches.
The draw for the 2012 Piala FA was held on 13 December 2011 at Wisma FAM.
Round of 32.
Round of 16.
Quarter-finals.
The first legs were played on 23 and 24 March 2012, and the second legs on 27 March 2012.
Semi-finals.
The first leg matches will be played on 21 April 2012, with the second legs to be held on 1 May 2012.
Final.
The Perserschutt, a German term meaning "Persian debris" or "Persian rubble", refers to the bulk of architectural and votive sculptures that were damaged by the invading Persian army of Xerxes I on the Acropolis of Athens in 480 BC, in the Destruction of Athens during the Second Persian invasion of Greece.
History.
The Athenians had fled the city, returning only upon the departure of the Persians.
The city had been sacked and burned and most of the temples had been looted, vandalized, or razed to the ground.
The desecrated items were buried ceremoniously by the Athenians.
Later, the citizens of Athens cleared the top of their acropolis, rebuilt their temples, and created new works of sculpture to be dedicated for the new temples.
Alfredo Francisco Arola Blanquet (24 July 1948, Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish politician for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Arola entered politics in 1983 when he was elected to the Aragonese Corts representing Zargoza Province.
He was re-elected in 1987 and 1991 and served as Minister for Public Health, Welfare and Employment in the Aragonese regional administration.
In 2000 he entered national politics when he was elected to the Spanish national parliament as a deputy for Zaragoza province.
In archaeology, Fadrus refers to a cemetery excavated in Lower Nubia close to a place once called Hillet Fadrus or Qadrus.
It was lying in the district of Debeira-East.
The cemetery was excavated in the early 1960s by a team of archaeologists from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, hence the expedition was called "The Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia".
The excavations were part of an international rescue program as the building of the Aswan dam flooded this area shortly after.
The area is composed of 690 tombs ranging from interments without grave goods to decorated tombs-chapels. 680 burials were excavated at Fadrus.
They date from the beginning to the end of the 18th Dynasty of the Egyptian New Kingdom.
The burials are mostly simple shaft tombs with a single body and some funerary goods.
In 128 burials were found remains of coffins, otherwise the people were buried with personal adornments, with toilet equipment, weapons and many pottery vessels.
Metal fittings found belong most likely to objects made of organic material.
Many of them might once have belong to furniture.
Fadrus was in the Egyptian New Kingdom occupied by Egyptians.
It is not known whether the burials belonged to Nubians or Egyptians.
A limber hole is a drain hole through a frame or other structural member of a boat designed to prevent water from accumulating against one side of the frame, and allowing it to drain toward the bilge.
Limber holes are common in the bilges of wooden boats.
The term may be extended to cover drain holes in floors.
Limber holes are created in between bulkheads so that one compartment does not fill with water.
The limber holes allow water to drain into the lowest part of the bilge so that it can be pumped out by a single bilge pump (or more usually, one electric and one manual pump).
The 1880 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election.
Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Minnesota voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock.
The Wealden Hall is a grade I listed building on Goodramgate in the city centre of York, in England.
The building was constructed in about 1500.
It is a Wealden hall house, which by the date was a common design in South East England, but rare in York.
The Wealden Hall and 1 Tanner Row, also in the city, are the two northernmost surviving examples of Wealden halls.
Using the standard Wealden hall design, the building originally had a central hall, with double storey bays either side.
In this case, the design was end-on to the street, and, unusually, only the front bays were jettied.
In front of the hall, a three-storey range was constructed to face the street.
Remain of two windows survive from the original construction, although they were originally unglazed and probably closed with shutters.
The rear never had any openings, suggesting that it may have directly abutted another structure.
The size of the house, and its jettying, suggests that it was built for a wealthy owner.
The front of the building was plastered, probably in 1700, a date which is now inscribed on the front of the building.
The eastern part of the front range became a separate building, now The Snickleway Inn.
In 1930, the building was bought by Cuthbert Morrell, for restoration, which was conducted by the architect Harvey Rutherford.
Among other changes, he restored the hall to its former dimensions, and removed the plaster from the street front, to reveal the timber framing.
The building now belongs to the York Conservation Trust and houses shops, with offices above.
He scored two goals in 38 appearances in the Football League over two spells for Birmingham, and played 90 Southern League matches for West Ham United.
Fairman was born in Southampton, Hampshire.
He began his football career with Southampton, although he never played a first-team match, before joining Birmingham in 1907.
He spent three years with West Ham, playing more than 100 games in all competitions, before returning to Birmingham in 1912.
She is known for her contribution to the riding horse industry in South Africa.
Biography.
Norden was born in Grahamstown, South Africa, on 23 December 1918.
She was the only daughter of the late Dr Thomas Bourchier Bowker, Member of Parliament for Albany from 1936 until his death in 1964.
Cecily and her two brothers, John and Hubert, grew up on the farms Glen Ovis and Signal Hill, situated in the Great Fish River Valley, 36 miles north of Grahamstown, where they farmed with Merino sheep, Blackhead Persians, Holstein cattle, Arabian horses and ostriches.
Cecily started riding when she was three and has been writing stories since the age of seven.
She attended school for the first time at the age of 12, at Diocesan School for Girls (DSG) in Grahamstown where she played first teams of all sports provided, and later obtained her Tennis Colours at Rhodes University.
She obtained the highest Matriculation pass of the combined Grahamstown schools in 1936.
She taught English at the Port Elizabeth Technical College.
She lived for 50 years in Middelburg, Eastern Cape, district and town, where she served on the Town Council, the Anglican Church Council, the Midlands' Farmers' Association (Honorary Secretary), the Sports Union (Manager) and numerous councils for different horse breeds and national horse judging, and organisations for divisions of the Saddle Horse Industry.
She has had many hundreds of articles published on horse husbandry and other agricultural and historical subjects.
She has often lectured on radio, and has written and illustrated technical and children's story books.
Her best known book is "Showing Horses in South Africa", 1st and 2nd editions (1971 and 1980).
She was an equitation and show rider and breeder of horses.
She owned the Maastricht Arabian Horse Stud in the Albany District which was registered with the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa.
At this time she was privileged to use the famous Arabian sire, Jiddan, on her mares.
Details can be verified in "Showing Horses in South Africa" 2nd Edition, Chapter XIV.
After moving to Oranje Farm, in the Middelburg District, in 1950 she bought the stud stallion Boaz, a pure bred Arabian imported from England.
In 1953 she won the Victor Ludorum for the most points at the National Arabian Horse Championships of South Africa held that year at Middelburg.
At Oranje she also bred several champion SA Saddle Horses and Boerperde which were winners at their respective National Championship Horse Shows.
Contribution to the Riding Horse Industry in South Africa.
Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa on 27 April 2002 in that two of its citizens, Mrs Cecily Norden and Mr Pietie Joubert, were selected by the Saddle Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa, from the whole of South Africa, to receive the President's Award for outstanding service to the development of the Saddle Horse Industry of South Africa.
This is the first occasion on which this award has been made.
Four of their contemporaries from other provinces also received this award.
The Saddle Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa saw its inception on 23 November 1942 under an extended name incorporating other breeds of riding horses, as well as what was then known as American Saddle Horses.
It is now a multimillion-dollar industry affiliated to the South African Stud Book Association and it imports hundreds of Saddle Horses from America and also exports Saddlers of world champion status to the United States.
There are strong bonds between the two countries and breeders, trainers and horse judges make constant exchanges.
Cecily Norden took an active part in the formative years in promoting the Saddle Horse Industry in South Africa, serving on various Executive Councils and Select Working Committees from 1942 to 1983, as well as being a stud breeder and personally exhibiting riding horses country-wide in Saddle Horse, Boerperd, Arabian and Equitation classes.
She qualified as a Senior Judge of Saddle Horses, Boerperde, Palominos, Arabian horses, Welsh Ponies and Equitation, and has judged at National Breed Championships for all these breeds, as well as judging at regional shows for all breeds during the entire period 1942 to 1995.
She has the distinction of being the first woman judge to officiate at the National Saddle Horse Championships in Bloemfontein, South Africa (1968).
Specific contributions made to the development of the industry.
Cecily Norden and the late W.J. van der Merwe worked together as a team, as Honorary Secretary and chairman-cum-President respectively, from 1945 until their retirement in 1983, in an unbroken series of projects over a period of forty years.
One of the milestones in the development of the Horse Breeding Industry in South Africa was activated in 1948 when Cecily Norden and W.J.
They personally did all the research and documentation of the breeding policies, constitutions, standards of conformation, regulations and inspection procedures of the light breeds now, for the first time, divided into Saddle Horses, Boerperde, Arabians and Thoroughbred Hacks.
These breeds would now be judged in separate classes in the show ring, with their own strict breed rules and regulations.
This would ensure that purity of breed and breed character could be maintained and registered officially, each in its own Breed Society, under the umbrella of the mother society, the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa.
Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe were Secretary and Chairman of this newly formed Society, and, during these years, abundant publicity ensured that Middelburg District became the centre of Arab Horse Breeding in South Africa, home to top quality imported Arabian stallions, including the fountain-head sire, Jiddan, whose offspring, mainly mares, formed the basis of many studs due to their great prepotency.
1951 Conception of National Breed championships.
W.J.
The first Championships were held each year at the Middelburg Cape Show, facilitated by the fact that Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe were Secretary and Chairman of this show for twelve years, which covered this period of change.
Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe served, and under whose banner the now booming Saddle Horse Breeders' Society operated.
The two new societies operated under their own chairpersons and committees.
1965 Creation of the Riding Horse Judges' Association of South Africa. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden in 1965.
They served as chairman and Secretary of this body from 1965 until their retirement in 1983.
1977 Riding Horse Stewards' Association of South Africa.
This was instituted with W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden as inaugural chairman and Secretary, with its own constitution, regulations, short courses and examinations, to aid the judges at agricultural Horse Shows in their tasks, and its own council, independent of the Judges' Association.
Founded 23 November 1942, it was later to become the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa (revised constitution in 1949 and 1957) on whose council W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden served, and under whose auspices they were able to institute and incorporate new divisions and concepts with the support of the Council, whose members were drawn from breeders of all affiliated horse breeds.
At this period of the crucial development of the Industry, the Chairman of the Riding Horse Breeders' Society was Mr Charl van den Heever, and the Chairman of the Saddle Horse Breeders' Society was Mr Hermann de Witt of Beaufort West.
The Secretaries were Ms Christine Sieberhagen and Mr Aubrey Richardson.
W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden, as chairman and Secretary respectively, organised annual short courses and examinations (25 written and practical papers covering all breeds, saddle seat equitation etc.) to qualify Senior and Junior Judges, and carried a large part of the lectures, and the setting and marking of the examinations.
In these tasks, as well as in the organisation of regular symposiums, they were supported by a loyal committee of horse breeders, including Charl van den Heever and Aubrey Richardson and other heads of divisions.
1976 Three-Judge System.
W.J. van der Merwe, Cecily Norden and Aubrey Richardson (as Tabulator) pioneered the Three-Judge System for Saddle Horses at Middelburg Cape Regional Saddle Horse Championships, which led to the Hi-Low System now in use.
Published works.
1971 ""Showing Horses in South Africa" First Edition by Cecily Norden.
The Judges Association created such a desire for knowledge that an illustrated and instructive Rule Book was called for, and in 1971 the first book on judging horses to be published in South Africa was published.
Written by Cecily Norden, with great input from W.J. van der Merwe, and dedicated support from all the relevant committees of the Horse Breed Societies, and especially the Saddle Horse Society, which also provided the sponsorship required by the publishers.
Cecily Norden marketed the edition, and the sponsorship investment was rapidly repaid as sales boomed and the edition was sold out.
The second edition of "Showing Horses in South Africa" Revised and Enlarged, was published by Tafelberg Publishers.
This was a much more comprehensive edition.
These two books served to bring cohesion into the Saddle Horse Breeding Industry, and to stabilise judging, stewarding, exhibiting, and show organisation.
They are avidly read by all horse breeders and enthusiasts and are sought after in England and by the Industry and archives in the USA.
Cecily Norden published illustrated articles in the "Farmers Weekly" (SA), "Landbou Weekblad", "S.A. Saddle Horse" and other Horse Journals in South Africa and overseas, on the breeding, standards of conformation, husbandry, regulation, exhibition, judging, equitation and development of Saddle Horses and other Riding Horse Breeds, all endorsed by the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa.
These appeared on a regular basis, as did radio broadcasts on all divisions of horse breeding, and constant publicity articles in newspapers.
W. J.
(Willie) van der Merwe retired in 1983 due to increasing ill health.
His personality, his integrity, his gift for inspiring enthusiasm, his discipline, wisdom, insight and clarity of thought contributed to his powerful leadership.
When one has been pulling a wagon as a pair for almost 50 years, there is neither the incentive nor the strength to do it alone.
One needs the wind beneath one's wings."
Van der Merwe died in Middelburg in 1995, with Cecily Norden at his side.
In 2009 Cecily Norden lives in Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape, with her family, and has recently celebrated her 90th birthday.
She writes every day, focussing mainly on fiction and children's books for her ever-increasing number of great-grandchildren.
In December 2010, at the age of 92, Cecily Norden had "THE BAREFOOT DAYS", a book of short stories about life and growing up in the Karoo, published privately.
It has gone into its second print.
Notes.
Real Man 300 () is a South Korean reality program featuring male and female celebrities as they experience life in the military.
It is a spin-off of reality program "Real Man" which had ended in 2016.
Ratings.
 is a passenger railway station in the town of Naganohara, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines.
Station layout.
The station consists of a single side platform serving bidirectional traffic.
The station is unattended.
History.
The Moon Township Police Department (MTPD) is a medium-sized municipal police department in Moon Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
The Moon Township Police Department has 30 sworn police officers and 15 administrative personnel and a dozen more volunteers.
The police department has a fleet of over a dozen patrol vehicles.
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1959 followed a system established after the 1956 election.
The baseball writers were voting on recent players only in even-number years (until 1967).
The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players.
It selected outfielder Zack Wheat, who recorded 2884 hits from 1909 to 1927.
He studied for his Bachelor of Music at the University of Cape Town but due to an injury he changed his studies to a Bachelor of Drama (Directing) at the Stellenbosch University He served as the chairperson of the National Artistic Committee the 2018 World Choir Games held in Tshwane, South Africa.
He is currently the conductor of the Stellenbosch University Choir, the Stellenberg Girls Choir and his adult choir, Voces Cordis.
Paranauchenia is an extinct genus of South American litopterns belonging to the family Macraucheniidae.
It is known only from fossil finds in Argentina.
It possessed three toes and long limbs.
The species "Paranauchenia denticulata" lived in the Miocene epoch in Argentina.
Early life.
Born in Norwich in the Connecticut Colony, Hough attended the common schools and worked for a while as a ship carpenter.
Career.
Hough moved to Lebanon, Grafton County, New Hampshire, in 1778, and served as member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1788, 1789, and 1794.
He was also a Justice of the Peace and a colonel of the militia.
He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1783 and was a commissioner of valuation in 1798.
Subsequently, he engaged in agricultural pursuits.
Death.
Hough died in Lebanon, New Hampshire, April 18, 1831 (aged 78 years).
He is interred at Cole Cemetery, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Family life.
Son of David and Desire, Hough married Abigail Huntington on July 2, 1775, and they had a daughter, Lucinda, who married Jacob Ela.
Rosenergomash is a Russian electro-mechanical manufacturer and operator, which owns or operates several plants in Ukraine and Russia.
Corporate headquarters are in Moscow.
The current President of the company is Vladimir Palikhata.
Overview.
It was released in the United States on 15 March 2019 through Pantelion Films, and later in Mexico on 12 April 2019.
Premise.
The film follows ex-con Zequi as he tries to win back the affections of his ex-girlfriend Lucy from her new boyfriend.
Production.
"No Manches Frida 2" was first announced in October 2016, following the box office success of the first film.
Principal photography took place at a beach resort in Mexico in 2018.
Release.
The film was theatrically released in the United States and Canada on 15 March 2019.
The first trailer was released in 8 October.
Box office.
It was the eighth-highest opening weekend ever for a foreign-language film in the US.
Critical response.
ARC "20 de Julio" (D-05) is one of the two Colombian .
She and ARC "7 de Agosto" were the only ones built of their class.
Two more ships were ordered but they were never completed.
She had the previous name of Veinte de Julio prior to renaming.
Design. "20 de Julio" was 121 meters long and 12.6 meters wide.
The hull was designed with a forecastle.
From the forecastle and astern, a long superstructure appeared, which made it possible for the crew to reach the entire ship without having to go outdoors, thus minimizing the risk of exposure to radioactive contamination.
Unlike previous destroyer classes, whose superstructures was built of aluminum, the "Halland"-class was built of steel.
Aluminum gave ships a lower weight but had the disadvantage in a case of fire, when it melts at a much lower temperature than steel.
To keep the weight down, therefore, corrugated galvanised iron was used in the superstructure.
The machinery consisted of steam boilers and steam turbine are.
The main armament consisted of three fully automatic double Bofors 120 mm gun model 1950 which were initially directed from a central sight which was later replaced by a new artillery radar sight connected to the radar.
The former was initially controlled from a central sight on the bridge and later by a digital fire control housed in the characteristic radome over the bridge deck.
The torpedo armament consisted of two tube racks with a total of eight torpedo tubes.
Regarding anti-submarine warfare, there was a hydrophone housed in a dome under the forebody which could be retracted into the hull when the hydrophone was not used.
In the stern there was also a mounting with two launchrails for firing the Robot 08 anti-ship missile.
History. "20 de Julio" was built at Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad in Gothenburg and was launched on 26 June 1952 and delivered to the Colombian Navy on 15 June 1956.
During her 26 years of operational use the unit did not participate in any major actions, except for periodic exercises with US Navy ships.
He was born to Moses Kekana, political activist within Pan Africanist Congress of Azania and involved the 1950s Evaton bus boycotts.
His stage name "Senyaka", meaning "blob of jelly", was given to him by his aunt, after being impressed and amused by his chubby appearance after he was born.
He rose to fame in the 1980s for his hit single "Go Away" and he is credited as being South Africa's first rapper and one of the first African rappers.
It was the character in him."
In the early 90s Senyaka dissed Brenda Fassie in some of his songs for turning him down e.g.
"Magents", saying Brenda doesn't feel "Really OGs" and "Brenda ke mpara" (Brenda is dumb) and she responded by calling him "sgatla mabhanti" (vagabond, you take me take me for granted).
Senyaka was known to be humorous and he extended his humor in most of his songs.
His friendship with Chicco led two of them make a comedic movie, "Moruti wa Tsotsi", with Senyaka being the actor and Chicco the producer of the movie.
Wunnava Venkata Varaha Buchi Ramalingam was an Indian independence activist from Berhampur in the Ganjam district of the erstwhile Madras Presidency of British India.
Vladimir Lapitsky (born 18 February 1959) is a Soviet fencer.
Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to consumers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables, or in more recent systems, light pulses through fibre-optic cables.
FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone services, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables.
Analog television was standard in the 20th century, but since the 2000s, cable systems have been upgraded to digital cable operation.
A "cable channel" (sometimes known as a "cable network") is a television network available via cable television.
Many of the same channels are distributed through satellite television.
Alternative terms include "non-broadcast channel" or "programming service", the latter being mainly used in legal contexts.
Distribution.
To receive cable television at a given location, cable distribution lines must be available on the local utility poles or underground utility lines.
Coaxial cable brings the signal to the customer's building through a service drop, an overhead or underground cable.
If the subscriber's building does not have a cable service drop, the cable company will install one.
The standard cable used in the U.S. is RG-6, which has a 75 ohm impedance, and connects with a type F connector.
The cable company's portion of the wiring usually ends at a distribution box on the building exterior, and built-in cable wiring in the walls usually distributes the signal to jacks in different rooms to which televisions are connected.
Multiple cables to different rooms are split off the incoming cable with a small device called a splitter.
All cable companies in the United States have switched to or are in the course of switching to digital cable television since it was first introduced in the late 1990s.
Most cable companies require a set-top box (cable converter box) or a slot on one's TV set for conditional access module cards to view their cable channels, even on newer televisions with digital cable QAM tuners, because most digital cable channels are now encrypted, or "scrambled", to reduce cable service theft.
A cable from the jack in the wall is attached to the input of the box, and an output cable from the box is attached to the television, usually the RF-IN or composite input on older TVs.
Since the set-top box only decodes the single channel that is being watched, each television in the house requires a separate box.
Some unencrypted channels, usually traditional over-the-air broadcast networks, can be displayed without a receiver box.
The cable company will provide set-top boxes based on the level of service a customer purchases, from basic set-top boxes with a standard-definition picture connected through the standard coaxial connection on the TV, to high-definition wireless digital video recorder (DVR) receivers connected via HDMI or component.
Older analog television sets are "cable ready" and can receive the old analog cable without a set-top box.
To receive digital cable channels on an analog television set, even unencrypted ones, requires a different type of box, a digital television adapter supplied by the cable company or purchased by the subscriber.
Another new distribution method that takes advantage of the low cost high quality DVB distribution to residential areas, uses TV gateways to convert the DVB-C, DVB-C2 stream to IP for distribution of TV over IP network in the home.
Many cable companies offer internet access through DOCSIS.
Principle of operation.
In the most common system, multiple television channels (as many as 500, although this varies depending on the provider's available channel capacity) are distributed to subscriber residences through a coaxial cable, which comes from a trunkline supported on utility poles originating at the cable company's local distribution facility, called the "headend".
Many channels can be transmitted through one coaxial cable by a technique called frequency division multiplexing.
At the headend, each television channel is translated to a different frequency.
By giving each channel a different frequency "slot" on the cable, the separate television signals do not interfere with each other.
At an outdoor cable box on the subscriber's residence, the company's service drop cable is connected to cables distributing the signal to different rooms in the building.
At each television, the subscriber's television or a set-top box provided by the cable company translates the desired channel back to its original frequency (baseband), and it is displayed onscreen.
Due to widespread cable theft in earlier analog systems, the signals are typically encrypted on modern digital cable systems, and the set-top box must be activated by an activation code sent by the cable company before it will function, which is only sent after the subscriber signs up.
If the subscriber fails to pay their bill, the cable company can send a signal to deactivate the subscriber's box, preventing reception.
There are also usually "upstream" channels on the cable to send data from the customer box to the cable headend, for advanced features such as requesting pay-per-view shows or movies, cable internet access, and cable telephone service.
Subscribers pay with a monthly fee.
Subscribers can choose from several levels of service, with "premium" packages including more channels but costing a higher rate.
At the local headend, the feed signals from the individual television channels are received by dish antennas from communication satellites.
Additional local channels, such as local broadcast television stations, educational channels from local colleges, and community access channels devoted to local governments (PEG channels) are usually included on the cable service.
Commercial advertisements for local business are also inserted in the programming at the headend (the individual channels, which are distributed nationally, also have their own nationally oriented commercials).
Hybrid fiber-coaxial.
Modern cable systems are large, with a single network and headend often serving an entire metropolitan area.
At the headend, the electrical signal is translated into an optical signal and sent through the fiber.
The fiber trunkline goes to several "distribution hubs", from which multiple fibers fan out to carry the signal to boxes called "optical nodes" in local communities.
At the optical node, the optical signal is translated back into an electrical signal and carried by coaxial cable distribution lines on utility poles, from which cables branch out to a series of signal amplifiers and line extenders.
These devices carry the signal to customers via passive RF devices called taps.
History.
The very first cable networks were operated locally, notably in 1936 in London in the United Kingdom and the same year in Berlin in Germany, notably for the Olympic Games, and from 1948 onwards in the United States and Switzerland.
This type of local cable network was mainly used to relay terrestrial channels in geographical areas poorly served by terrestrial television signals.
Deployments by continent.
Cable television is mostly available in North America, Europe, Australia, Asia and South America.
Cable television has had little success in Africa, as it is not cost-effective to lay cables in sparsely populated areas.
So-called "Wireless Cable" microwave-based systems are used instead.
Other cable-based services.
Coaxial cables are capable of bi-directional carriage of signals as well as the transmission of large amounts of data.
Cable television signals use only a portion of the bandwidth available over coaxial lines.
This leaves plenty of space available for other digital services such as cable internet, cable telephony and wireless services, using both unlicensed and licensed spectra.
Broadband internet access is achieved over coaxial cable by using cable modems to convert the network data into a type of digital signal that can be transferred over coaxial cable.
One problem with some cable systems is the older amplifiers placed along the cable routes are unidirectional thus in order to allow for uploading of data the customer would need to use an analog telephone modem to provide for the upstream connection.
Many large cable systems have upgraded or are upgrading their equipment to allow for bi-directional signals, thus allowing for greater upload speed and always-on convenience, though these upgrades are expensive.
In North America, Australia and Europe, many cable operators have already introduced cable telephone service, which operates just like existing fixed line operators.
This service involves installing a special telephone interface at the customer's premises that converts the analog signals from the customer's in-home wiring into a digital signal, which is then sent on the local loop (replacing the analog last mile, or plain old telephone service (POTS) to the company's switching center, where it is connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
One of the standards available for digital cable telephony, PacketCable, seems to be the most promising and able to work with the quality of service (QOS) demands of traditional analog plain old telephone service (POTS) service.
The biggest advantage to digital cable telephone service is similar to the advantage of digital cable, namely that data can be compressed, resulting in much less bandwidth used than a dedicated analog circuit-switched service.
Other advantages include better voice quality and integration to a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) network providing cheap or unlimited nationwide and international calling.
In many cases, digital cable telephone service is separate from cable modem service being offered by many cable companies and does not rely on Internet Protocol (IP) traffic or the Internet.
Traditional cable television providers and traditional telecommunication companies increasingly compete in providing voice, video and data services to residences.
Education and career.
Born in Mendota, Illinois and raised in East St. Louis, Missouri.
He graduated from Central Catholic High School.
He joined the army in 1943 and served in the 394th Field Artillery Battalion in Europe during World War II.
He was discharged in 1946, then received a Bachelor of Laws from the Saint Louis University School of Law in 1950.
He was in private practice in Granite City, Illinois from 1950 to 1968, and was a circuit judge in Madison County, Illinois from 1968 to 1979.
Federal judicial service.
On July 31, 1979, Beatty was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois created by 93 Stat.
6.
He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 4, 1979, and received his commission on October 5, 1979.
The Killian Pretty Review was an independent review of the planning application system in England, commissioned in March 2008 by Hazel Blears MP, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and John Hutton MP, former Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform.
In June 2008 Killian and Pretty published their interim document, "A Call for Solutions", asking stakeholders for ideas and solutions to the 17 questions laid out in the document.
Jon Debus (born August 31, 1958 in Chicago Heights, Illinois) is an American former Minor League Baseball catcher, first baseman, third baseman, outfielder, coach, and manager.
In 2011, he served as bullpen coach for the NY Mets.
Biography.
Debus was originally drafted as an outfielder by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 21st round of the 1980 MLB Draft out of College of St. Francis.
He played in the Dodgers minor league system from 1980-1989.
After his playing career ended, he became a coach and then a Manager in the Dodgers minor league system.
After decades in the minors, Debus became bullpen coach for the Dodgers in 2005, manager Jim Tracy telling the "Los Angeles Times" on April 1, 2005, "It was time he was rewarded for his loyalty to the organization."
Mount Gokurakuji, at elevation, stands near the city of Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, and belongs to the Shingon Buddhist sect.
The area includes a natural Fir forest where wild bird songs can be heard.
The forest has been designated and preserved as a citizen's forest.
The Central Science and Technology Commission (CSTC, ) is a commission of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the process of establishment that will supervise the science and technology sector in China.
History.
The CSTC was established in 2023 under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping after wide-ranging reforms to change party and state structures.
The commission aims to strengthen CCP control over the science and technology sector, as well as spearhead China's attempts at developing new technologies.
Jeff Nixon (born October 16, 1974) is a former American football player.
He currently is the running backs coach for the New York Giants.
He played college football at West Virginia from 1993 to 1994 before transferring to Penn State, where he earned Dean's List and Big Ten Conference All-Academic Team recognition.
Nixon earned a degree in elementary education from Penn State in 1998 before receiving his master's degree in education administration from Shippensburg in 2003.
Career.
Nixon began his coaching career in 1997 as a student assistant coach at Penn State.
He was running backs coach at Princeton in 1998.
Nixon served as running backs coach at Shippensburg from 1999 to 1902.
From 2003 to 2005, he coached at Tennessee-Chattanooga, where he worked with the running backs, tight ends and as a special teams coordinator and recruiting coordinator.
Nixon served as the running backs coach at Temple University in 2006.
He was promoted to coach wide receivers after the season.
Nixon was hired by the Miami Dolphins after being named running backs coach in 2011, coaching for them until 2015.
In 2016, he was hired by the San Francisco 49ers to coach the tight ends position.
In the 2018 season, Baylor averaged 460 yards of total offense (including 290 yards passing per game), ranking in the Top 20, in the country, in both total offense and total passing.
In the 2019 season, the Nixon led offense averaged 36 points per game (17th in the country) and helped guide Baylor to a Top 10 rank and a Sugar Bowl birth playing against the Georgia Bulldogs.
Panthers.
Nixon became the offensive coordinator for the Panthers after Joe Brady was fired on December 5, 2021.
In 2022 he became the assistant head coach for the offense for the panthers.
He was not retained by the Panthers for the 2023 season.
New York Giants.
Tom Panhuyzen (born 19 April 1965) is a Canadian former international soccer player who played as a defender.
Career.
Born in Toronto, Panhuyzen played club soccer for the Ottawa Pioneers, Ottawa Intrepid, Hamilton Steelers and Toronto Blizzard.
The 150th Pennsylvania Infantry was a Union Army volunteer regiment during the American Civil War.
The first major battle that the 150th was in was Gettysburg, where it held back overwhelming numbers of Confederates for several hours.
Service history.
Colonel Langhorne Wister raised the 150th Pennsylvania Infantry in Philadelphia and Harrisburg in September 1862.
The regiment quickly joined the defences at Washington D.C. Its Company K, commanded by Captain David Derrickson, was detached and served as bodyguard for President Abraham Lincoln for the duration of the war, including at his stay at the Soldiers' Home.
The rest of the regiment joined the Army of the Potomac in February 1863.
There it served in the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, First Corps.
Going into Gettysburg with 397 men present it saw action on all three days.
Colonel Wister assumed brigade command and every field officer was wounded.
Lieutenant-colonel Henry S. Huidekoper and Corporal J. Monroe Reisinger received the Medal of Honor while members of the regiment.
In 1864 the 150th was transferred to the Fifth Corps where it was in various brigades, including that of Brig.
Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain.
Until October 2016 he was known as Hombre Bala Jr., Spanish for "Human Cannonball Junior" (or literally "Bullet Man" Junior), reflecting the fact that one of his father's most known ring names was "Hombre Bala".
Drone's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.
Personal life.
Hombre Bala Jr.s full name is not publicly known, which is traditionally the case in Lucha Libre when a wrestler has never been unmasked, but it is known that his paternal last name is Ortiz, revealed when his father Aurelio Ortiz Villavicencio was unmasked.
Ortiz is a part of the "Ortiz wrestling family", sometimes referred to as the "Pirata" family.
As his ring name indicates he is the son of Hombre Bala, Aurelio Ortiz Villavicencio who also competed as Monsther and a number other "enmascarado" (masked) characters over the years, and India Sioux, a retired wrestler.
He has three siblings who are also active in professional wrestling, his sister works under the same ring name as their mother, India Sioux, and his two brothers work as Corsario and Monsther (member of "Los Invasores").
Bala Jr. is the nephew of wrestlers Pirata Morgan and La Marquesa and the cousin of professional wrestlers Rey Bucanero, Hijo de Pirata Morgan, Pirata Morgan Jr. and Perla Negra.
Professional wrestling career.
Hombre Bala Jr. made his professional wrestling debut in late 2007, after being trained by his father, and initially worked on for independent wrestling promotions around Mexico City.
Bala broke his leg in a motorcycle accident and spent a month in the hospital to recover, delaying his planned CMLL debut.
CMLL introduced "Generacion 2011" in early 2011 which a group of young wrestlers who all made their debut around the same time, they were not considered an actual group, more of a graduating class of the CMLL wrestling schools.
The tournament consisted of two rounds, first a round-robin group round, with the top 2 in each of the four groups competing in an elimination tournament.
Hombre Bala Jr.'s inclusion in the tournament was the first real exposure he was given while in CMLL.
He defeated Puma King but lost to both Diamante and Hijo del Signo, leaving him with only three points, not enough to advance to the next round.
The following month Hombre Bala Jr. was part of a tournament to find a new CMLL World Super Lightweight Champion as the title was vacated.
The two sides faced off several matches where the two teams would focus more on each other than the other men in the matches.
As the storyline escalated the four wrestlers involved would tear at each other's masks, at times winning by pulling the mask off the other one to gain an unfair advantage, escalating the conflict.
After months of escalating the storyline CMLL finally announced that the two teams would face off in a "Lucha de Apuesta" ("Bet Match") where both teams would put their masks on the line and would be forced to unmask if they lost the match.
The "Luchas de Apuestas" match took place on CMLL's first show of 2012 in Arena Mexico.
The young team defeated the veterans, earning them their first major victory in CMLL.
Following the match Los Rayos discussed leaving CMLL, humiliated by the loss of their masks.
CMLL held a 16-man tournament focusing primarily on rookies called "Torneo Sangre Nueva" ("The New Blood Tournament") in March, 2012 which saw Hombre Bala Jr. among the participants.
He competed in the second block of the tournament, eliminated from the "torneo cibernetico" by fellow "Generacion 2011" wrestler Hijo del Signo.
Hombre Bala Jr. was one of 18 wrestlers who competed in the second annual "Torneo Sangre Nueva" tournament.
He eliminated both Espanto Jr. and Bobby Zavala and was the last man eliminated by eventual tournament winner Sorberano Jr.
In late March, 2013 Hombre Bala Jr. was announced as one of the "Novatos", or rookies, in the 2013 "Torneo Gran Alternativa", or "Great Alternative tournament", being one of the few wrestlers to compete in both the 2012 and 2013 tournament as a rookie.
Hombre Bala Jr. would team up with veteran Atlantis, the very man that unmasked his father years earlier, and compete in Block A on April 12, 2013.
On October 18, 2016 CMLL introduced the "enmascarado" character Drone, presented as a wrestler making his debut on the night.
The following day on CMLL's "informa" show he revealed that he was formerly known as Hombre Bala Jr. but chose a new ring name to make a name for himself instead of using his father's name.
In August 2021, he reverted back to the Hombre Bala Jr. character.
In April 2022 he won the CMLL Arena Coliseo Tag Team Championship together with Robin.
Controversy.
BrowserQuest was a free massively multiplayer online role-playing game created by French developer Little Workshop and the Mozilla Foundation.
Technology.
"BrowserQuest" is a demonstration of a number of modern web technologies.
It is written in HTML5, utilizing WebSockets for multiplayer networking, and is playable from modern web browsers.
The client makes use of HTML5's canvas element to render the graphics, web workers to initialize the map without affecting the rest of the page, localStorage to save progress, media queries to dynamically resize the game to the device, and HTML5 Audio to render the sound.
The server is written in JavaScript, and runs in Node.js.
The server and browser communicate using WebSockets.
Both "BrowserQuest's" client and server source code are available on GitHub.
Its code is licensed under MPL 2.0.
Content is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Gameplay.
In "BrowserQuest", players can interact with each other using the in-game chat system, or by working together to defeat enemies.
There are achievements available to unlock as one plays.
Loot is dropped when players defeat the enemies, which can be picked up by any player.
Loot includes the invincibility potion, which changes a player's outfit to appear like the Firefox logo, and various gear.
Pilmoor railway station was in North Yorkshire, England, from 1847 to 1958, at the junction of the Great North of England Railway and the Pilmoor, Boroughbridge and Knaresborough Railway, about south-southeast of Thirsk at the southern edge of the civil parish of Sessay.
The scattered settlement of Pilmoor (in the civil parish of Brafferton), from which its name was derived, is located southwest of it.
History.
The station opened on 20 September 1847 by the East and West Yorkshire Junction Railway as the junction station for its branch line to Boroughbridge with the main York to Darlington line.
It was unusual in not having an access road when first constructed, due to it being purely an exchange station rather than one serving a local community.
The branch to Boroughbridge was extended through to in 1875, by which time Pilmoor was also served by trains on the Gilling and Pickering line to and from York.
There was also a junction on the Pilmoor to Knaresborough line about southwest of the station from which a connecting track ran approximately east, crossing over the East Coast Main Line and joining the Thirsk and Malton Line about from Sunbeck Junction.
This connecting line was never opened but was used as a site for eyesight tests up until the 1960s.
The station was rebuilt during the Second World War in 1942, when the main line was widened to 4 tracks north towards Thirsk.
A new main building and station master's house was provided as part of this work.
He is 175 centimeters tall (6'0") and weighs 61 kilograms (165.3 pounds).
Club history.
He has played for FC Kremin Kremenchuk in the Druha Liha B franchise since 2005.
Jkvr.
She specialized in abstract landscapes and still-lifes.
Biography.
Her father, Jacob Eduard van Heemskerck van Beest, was an officer in the Royal Netherlands Navy who also painted seascapes and landscapes.
Her first art lessons came from him.
She later took private lessons from two local artists before attending classes at the Royal Academy of Art from 1897 to 1901, where she studied with Ferdinand Hart Nibbrig.
She remained in France until 1904, then went to live with her sister, Lucie, and was introduced to the art collector, Marie Tak van Poortvliet, who became her lifelong friend and later built a studio for her in the garden of her home.
After 1906, she spent her Summers in Domburg, where she came into contact with avant-garde painters such as Piet Mondriaan and Jan Toorop, who offered her advice.
Around 1911, she was briefly interested in Cubism.
Shortly after, she became involved in Anthroposophy, possibly through the influence of her former teacher, Nibbrig, who was a Theosophist.
She then became an avid follower of "Der Sturm", an avant-garde art magazine founded by Herwarth Walden, and turned increasingly to Abstraction.
In 1913, she attended the "Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon" in Berlin, where she met Walden and started what would be a lifelong correspondence.
Thanks to his efforts, her work was popular in Germany, while it remained somewhat ignored in her home country.
After 1916, she developed an interest in stained glass windows, designing them for the naval barracks and the Municipal Health Department building in Amsterdam, as well as private residences.
From 1922, she lived in Domburg with her old friend and patron, Tak van Poortvliet.
She died suddenly, from an attack of angina.
Both Tak van Poortvliet and Walden mounted exhibitions of her work, in Amsterdam and Berlin respectively.
Anthems is the sixth EP by American thrash metal band Anthrax.
It was released on March 19, 2013 through Megaforce Records in North America, and three days later in Europe by Nuclear Blast.
This was the group's last release to feature lead guitarist Rob Caggiano, who left the band subsequently.
The record features cover songs from some of the band's favorite acts of the 1970s, along with two versions of "Crawl", a song from their previous studio album, "Worship Music".
The EP was recorded during 2012 at various locations.
Although it was initially scheduled to be released as part of a special edition of "Worship Music", the record was released both separately and on a deluxe edition.
It received favorable reviews by music critics and debuted at number 52 on the "Billboard" 200, selling approximately 8,500 copies in its first week of release.
By April 10, 2013, "Anthems" had sold 14,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen Soundscan.
Background and recording.
Anthrax intended to release "Anthems" as a tribute to the bands that influenced them over the years.
It's just great music.
I had fun singing these songs and I was happy recording together with Anthrax, doing classic rock songs."
He further said that the band got the idea while jamming to some older songs.
"We just wanted to say this is where we also came from.
That gave us our start and that is what sparked us."
The band started working on this project in the summer of 2012.
Some of the tracks were recorded earlier, during the recording sessions of their previous studio release "Worship Music".
The original idea was to record a few songs that would have been placed on a deluxe edition of their previous album, but the band did not manage to finish the project in time.
However, when the band had recorded enough songs, they contacted their US and European labels who offered to put out "Anthems" as a stand-alone EP, a proposal which the band accepted.
In addition, Benante and artist Stephen Thompson have redesigned each track's original artwork to "Anthrax" it.
Composition.
"Anthems" is an eight-track EP which contains cover songs from classic 1970s rock bands that influenced Anthrax.
Apart from the six cover tracks, the album features a studio version and a remix of "Crawl", a song from their previous album "Worship Music".
The first single released from the EP was the cover of Rush's "Anthem", which garnered positive reaction from music critics.
Graham Hartmann from "Loudwire" called the cover version "unique, as Anthrax throw their trademark thrash spin on the prog classic".
The second song released from the record was "Smokin'" from Boston, which prominently features session keyboardist Fred Mandel.
Reception.
The EP received favorable reviews by music critics.
AllMusic reviewer Jason Lymangrover gave the album two-and-a-half stars, saying the tracks are "meticulously executed in the fun, dumb spirit that most Anthrax fans will love".
Chad Bowar from About.com named the album "certainly not essential", but assumed that the fans of the band will enjoy it.
In a review for "Metal Forces", Jim McDonald felt that the songs on "Anthems" were "perfect covers" with "superb melodies".
Aside from "Jailbreak", which he pointed as the "sole low point", McDonald went on to say "all in all, "Anthems" is an interesting diversion while fans wait for the next album".
Kory Grow from "Revolver" also made positive comments on the record, saying that Belladonna's voice "perfectly" fits the covers.
However, he noted that the band was "too careful" on this record, adding "nothing new" to it.
Chris Ayers of "Exclaim!" was more enthusiastic towards the album, labeling it a "metal milestone" in Anthrax's "storied career".
The album sold 8,500 copies in its first week of release to debut at number 52 on the "Billboard" 200 chart.
Another 3,500 copies were sold in the second week, with the EP falling to number 142.
By April 10, 2013, "Anthems" had sold about 14,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen Soundscan.
Personnel.
Until 2021, all members of the legislature were elected through a secret ballot from every single member districts.
History.
As a result of a "Presidential Decree No.
In the aftermath of 2021 Almaty regional elections, 45 members were elected using newly implemented proportional representation which allowed for political parties to form parliamentary groups within the legislature after Nur Otan won a majority of 37 seats, followed by Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party and People's Party of Kazakhstan each winning four seats whom formed a parliamentary opposition.
Elections.
Nox Arcana is the American neoclassical dark wave, dark ambient musical project of Joseph Vargo.
It was founded in 2003 as a duo with William Piotrowski, who left in 2008 to pursue a career in film score composing but still acts as its studio engineer whereas Vargo continued on as a solo act under the name.
All of Nox Arcana's music is released independently on the Monolith Graphics label, a publishing company owned by Vargo.
With their third album, Nox Arcana became a "Billboard" Top Ten charting artist in the holiday genre.
Concept.
Nox Arcana specializes in concept albums based on original stories, as well as gothic fiction and classic horror literature Some of their albums also make reference to medieval themes and ancient mythology.
In addition to the storytelling aspect of each album, hidden puzzles and interactive quests are incorporated into the album artwork and into the music itself.
Beginning with the "Blood of the Dragon" CD in 2006, Vargo began a tradition of incorporating a quest or adventure within the album artwork and sometimes leaving clues in his narratives.
He later went back and did the same for some of the earlier CDs.
Now more than half of Nox Arcana's CDs contain some sort of hidden puzzle, which is left to the listener to discover.
Nox Arcana's music is often used to provide atmosphere for films, public events, role-playing games and during Halloween at theme parks, several of which have based haunted attractions on Nox Arcana's original theme albums, "Transylvania" and "Blackthorn Asylum".
Musical style.
Nox Arcana's music is melodic and moody, focusing on a dominant melody line.
Instrumentation varies with each album as appropriate to the theme or time period of the album concept, and typically includes piano, bells, violin, pipe organ, harpsichord, timpani drums and other percussion.
Some albums also include cymbals, lutes, acoustic guitars, bagpipes and glockenspiel, depending on the theme of a given album.
Their music is generally classified as dark neoclassical or dark ambient, "sometimes sandwiched into the gothic music genre" and aptly labeled "atmospheric gothic."
The moods associated with Nox Arcana music describe it as ominous, romantic, lush, epic, otherworldly, menacing, spooky and eerie, Nox Arcana's music covers a broad range of subgenres within the rock and alternative music categories.
We utilize a variety of instruments such as piano, pipe organ, violin, acoustic guitar, drums and tolling bells to achieve symphonic orchestrations.
Our concept has always been to create moody and melody-driven gothic soundscapes that take the listener on a musical journey through various dark realms of fantasy."
"Carnival of Lost Souls" though primarily a dark cabaret-style album, also contains a heavy metal song, while the music on the "Blood of Angels" album blends industrial dance and tribal rhythms with ethereal-style vocals.
Vocals and narratives are also used sparingly to help relate a story or serve as introduction to a musical piece, for example, the voice of "Jonathan Harker" and whispered female voices of "Dracula's brides" that beckon to the listener, a carnival barker with the indistinct sounds of an audience in the distance, or "Edgar Allan Poe" and a voice calling out from the grave after being prematurely buried, the gravelly voice of a "witch" casting a spell, and a variety of low Gregorian-style chanting and choirs.
Enforcing the theme and the narrative are the use of sound effects, such as a door creaking or a pendulum swinging on the Poe-inspired "Shadow of the Raven".
Their trilogy of winter holiday-themed albums feature a range of ethereal-style choirs, Gregorian-style chanting, classical music, and Celtic new-age instrumentation, giving a darker overtone to music for the Christmas and Yuletide holidays.
Three albums, "Blood of Angels", "Zombie Influx", and "House of Nightmares" were recorded as side-projects with other artists or vocalists.
William Piotrowski released his first solo film soundtrack with "".
Joseph Vargo wrote and recorded solo for later albums, "Blackthorn Asylum", "Winter's Eve", "Theater of Illusion", "The Dark Tower", "Winter's Majesty", "Legion of Shadows", "Gothic", "Season of the Witch", and "Ebonshire", which has become a series of holiday music EPs released each year, culminating in 2018 with the full collection.
Influences.
Their literary references include H. P. Lovecraft, Bram Stoker, The Brothers Grimm, Ray Bradbury, and Edgar Allan Poe.
Stage and screen.
Nox Arcana support a wide variety of independent productions like radio dramas and student films to which they lend their music.
A number of professional performances of gothic plays, such as "Frankenstein", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", "Dracula" and "Richard III" have featured music by Nox Arcana.
The film school credits Joseph Vargo and Nox Arcana for their unconditional support.
William Piotrowski wrote the score for a local production entitled "Ghosts of Ohio", a video documentary about Mary Ann Winkowski, a real-life medium who inspired the CBS television show "Ghost Whisperer".
In 2013, William wrote and performed the motion picture soundtrack for the vampire film "Crimson Winter."
Nox Arcana's music is used by theme parks such as Busch Gardens, Six Flags, Knott's Scary Farm, Kennywood Park and during Halloween for scenes and haunted houses based upon their album themes.
Nox Arcana's music is featured exclusively on the TV show "America Haunts" for the Travel Channel, which has aired throughout the Halloween weekend each year since 2009.
Music from Nox Arcana's "Transylvania" album was featured on the FOX TV show "So You Think You Can Dance".
In 2016, Nox Arcana's musical composition "Night of the Wolf" from their Transylvania album is the centerpiece of a live performance for "Cirque des Voix," a show that combines orchestral and choral music with contemporary circus acts.
Work with other music acts.
Nox Arcana's sound has been used by other performing artists to introduce their albums or live shows.
Joseph Vargo recorded the vocal Intro for the 2008 album "Witchtanic Hellucinations" by Acid Witch.
He also provided the intro music and vocals for Legion of the Damned albums "Cult of the Dead" (2008) and "Decent Into Chaos" (2011).
LOTD also opened their 2010 "Slaughtering" tour with Nox Arcana's song "Circus Diabolique" from their album "Carnival of Lost Souls".
In 2013, Blood on the Dance Floor opened their "Bad Blood" tour with "Essence of Evil" from Nox Arcana's "Blackthorn Asylum" album.
Monolith Graphics.
Monolith Graphics publishes and distributes Nox Arcana music worldwide.
The publishing company is owned by Joseph Vargo, who became world-renowned as a gothic-fantasy artist in the early 1990s with work ranging from album covers and books to posters and other products.
Before forming Nox Arcana in 2003, Joseph Vargo produced two albums for Midnight Syndicate but left the band in 2000 to co-write "Tales from the Dark Tower", a book that follows the exploits of a vampire during the First Crusade.
Over the next 8 years, he published "Dark Realms" magazine, released a best-selling card deck, "The Gothic Tarot", and wrote a book based on his original story for Nox Arcana's debut album, "Darklore Manor".
Early life.
Cormier was born in Les Escoumins, North Shore, Quebec, into a family of traveling musicians.
He began learning to play the fiddle at the age of nine.
He served in the military during World War II.
Career.
As a young man, Cormier played violin on CBJ radio in Chicoutimi, and later in dance clubs and hotels in Montreal.
He performed with musicians Willie Lamothe, Marcel Martel, Roger Miron, and Paul Brunelle, and also as an opening solo act at concerts.
Cormier played the sound track for an animated film about his music, "Monsieur Pointu", which was nominated for an Academy Award in 1976.
In 1977 he performed at the Fete Nationale in Montreal's Olympic Stadium to a crowd of 40,000.
Cormier died June 6, 2006, in Blainville, Quebec.
The concept of a destination club was introduced in 1998, when Rob McGrath, a veteran of the luxury time share development business, launched Private Retreats.
Since then, more than 30 companies have launched clubs targeting affluent families that want the benefits of second home ownership, but with more flexibility and choice in where they vacation each year.
Inspirato with American Express is the world's largest destination club.
By joining a destination club, a member gains access to a collection of vacation homes in various locations around the world in exchange for a one-time membership fee and annual membership dues.
Consistent with other vacation options, inventory can be booked based on availability.
Some clubs allow members to purchase different membership-types which offer different levels of reservation priority, personalized services and resort amenities such as beach clubs, luxury spas and private chefs.
Features.
Benefits and access privileges vary by club.
While there are several variations, the basic choices are between equity, non-equity and next-generation clubs that defy the standard models.
This is similar to the membership model choices at country clubs.
In all models, club members provide an up-front sum and an annual fee though the exact amounts vary significantly by club-type.
Non-Equity Club Model - In non-equity clubs, members enjoy the hospitality benefits of the club, but don't own an interest in the homes and so are not impacted by the real estate appreciation or losses of the club's residence portfolio.
However, in recent years, non-equity clubs have gotten away from refunds.
Equity Club Model - With equity clubs, the up-front payment can be considered an investment of sorts (or at least a reduction in the opportunity cost of making the up-front payment), subject to typical investment risks.
When exiting the club, the refund of that fee is adjusted to reflect changes to the value of the home portfolio or in the fee for new members.
Various clubs have different ways of providing this benefit.
Also, with an equity club, the members own the club's real estate portfolio, which provides additional security of the membership deposits.
Managed and Controlled Club Model - During the real estate boom of the 2000s the equity model had appeal because members could benefit from the rapid appreciation of real estate assets.
The economic changes between 2008-2011 resulted in innovation within the destination club marketplace and has provided more options for luxury travelers.
The travel product and services available to members through a managed and controlled model are consistent with equity and non-equity clubs, but, because this model hinges on the club long-term leasing the properties in its portfolio as opposed to owning them, the cost of membership is significantly lower.
Typically, members pay an up-front membership fee and an annual renewal fee and do not gain equity or appreciation.
Members gain access to a portfolio of residences and members are able to book travel by paying below-market, members-only nightly rates as they travel.
Unlike traditional equity-based travel clubs, travel clubs of this variety do not require a long-term commitment nor do members have to join a waiting list if they wish to revoke their membership.
Properties and destinations.
Destination clubs manage properties in destinations around the world.
Clubs are subject to local rental home laws and ordinances regarding short-term home leases and nightly rentals.
Mountain resort communities such as Vail, Aspen, Steamboat, Telluride and Sun Valley are hotbeds for club residences.
Beach communities and island locations such as Rosemary Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Maui, Los Cabos, St Barts are also common.
As traveler demand has increased clubs have added locations such as New York City, Chicago, Paris, London, Tuscany, Bordeaux, Patagonia, the Galapagos and Wine Country.
History.
Private Retreats launched the industry in 1998, with one club, Private Retreats, under the company name "Preferred Retreats".
The company was later renamed "Tanner and Haley", with over 900 members in 2006.
In 2002 Brent Handler and Brad Handler founded Exclusive Resorts.
The Handler brothers sold majority ownership of Exclusive Resorts to Steve Case in 2003.
Exclusive Resorts will commemorate its 10th Anniversary in 2013.
To date, the Club offers more than 350 residences around the globe in addition to providing its 3500 members with access to trips and events across all seven continents.
Steve Case remains Chairman and majority shareholder of Exclusive Resorts.
He is the former CEO of AOL.com.
Following the launch of Exclusive Resorts, from 2003 to 2006 entrepreneurs launched competitive clubs such as The Hideaways Club, Quintess, M Private Residences, Private Escapes, and Ultimate Resort.
Specialty clubs joined the mix as well, for instance The Markers Club for golf and Emperum Club for both business and leisure travelers.
Emperum Club has since restructured into a boutique travel company specializing in preferential rates on long stays.
In 2009, a Fortune 200 company, Marriott International Inc. entered the market when they launched the Ritz-Carlton Destination Club.
However, the real estate and members of Tanner and Haley were acquired by another destination club, Ultimate Resort.
May 2008 Ultimate Resorts and Private Escapes merged to form Ultimate Escape.
Ultimately, this led to the creation of several entities focused on consumer protection.
The Destination Club Association was created to help govern the industry by the leading clubs and supported financial transparency by clubs and an increase in truth in advertising.
Halogen Guides and SherpaReport serve as media outlets focusing on destination club coverage.
In 2011 Brent and Brad Handler re-entered the destination club marketplace with the launch of Denver-based Inspirato.
In 2013, Inspirato announced a partnership with American Express, becoming "Inspirato with American Express".
Inspirato is the first luxury destination club to enter into such a partnership with a major company.
In April 2013, Inspirato with American Express launched "Inspirato for Business," a corporate offering for businesses to access Inspirato's homes for executive vacations, company meetings and retreats, and employee incentives and reward travel.
In July 2013 Inspirato reached 4,000 members, making them the largest luxury destination club in the world, by number of members.
In December 2013, Inspirato announced it had combined with Portico Club, a destination club launched by Exclusive Resorts in 2012, joining the two fastest growing clubs in the industry.
The newly combined club, which continues to operate under the name "Inspirato with American Express" and under the leadership of Inspirato CEO Brent Handler, will offer members more than 500 vacation choices in more than 100 destinations.
As a result of the combination, Exclusive Resorts and its owner Revolution LLC received a minority stake in Inspirato, reuniting Brent and Brad Handler, the co-founders of Exclusive Resorts, with Exclusive Resorts' current Chairman, Steve Case.
Deposits and legal action.
The traditional Destination Club business model typically includes a refundable portion of the membership fee due to the member when they exit the club.
Members who request to exit the club are subject to the terms of their Membership Agreement.
The 3 in 1 out rule is designed to protect the club if it is deluged with members wanting to exit when there are no new members wanting to join.
Destination Clubs typically include contractual protections requiring liquidation after a certain period of time if not enough new members have joined to offset those resigning, in which case the liquidation proceeds are distributed to fulfill the refund requirements.
Some traditional destination clubs have attempted to reduce the risk of the 3 in 1 out rule by providing members with ownership and priority over other creditors, making fluctuations in the value of the club's residence portfolio an important consideration.
A. Shipena Secondary School is a secondary school in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. it had 1,200 students.
The school is named after Ananias Shipena.
History.
A. Shipena Secondary School was founded in 1985 with about 700 pupils and 16 teachers.
Nobody was injured but the school's administration block was severely damaged, and the event had to be cancelled.
In February 1987, the school received its first computer which was bought and put up for bids by a local radio programme.
Trithionic acid is a polythionic acid with three sulfur atoms.
The Koonyum Range is a mountain range located in the Australia state of New South Wales.
Leptoconops brevistylus is a species of biting midge belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae.
He played as a defender.
The election was officially nonpartisan, with a primary being held on August 3, 2021.
Incumbent David Alvey and Tyrone Garner took the top two spots in the primary election and were on ballot in the general election.
Garner defeated Alvey, becoming the first African-American mayor of Kansas City.
Primary election.
Candidates.
The following people filed for candidacy and were on the ballot for the primary election.
Results.
Tyrone Garner and David Alvey received enough votes to move on to the general election in November.
General election.
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales.
The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.
The constituency of Midlands East was one of them.
The Aiken tube was the first successful flat panel black and white television.
Originally designed in the early 1950s, a small number of tubes were built in 1958 for military use in a collaboration with Kaiser Industries.
An extended patent battle followed with a similar technology developed in the United Kingdom and planned commercial production for the home market never started.
Further development was carried out by a number of companies, including Sinclair Electronics and RCA after the patents had expired.
The displays were only produced in small quantities for military applications and oscilloscopes.
History.
Genesis.
William Ross Aiken was an electrical engineering undergraduate student at UC Berkeley in 1941.
Originally expecting to graduate in the Class of 1942, he decided to take a year off and work in industry.
He got a job at the Kaiser Shipyards plant number 2 in Richmond, California, and was promoted to head of the electrical department.
When the US entered World War II, Aiken's selective service status was declared as category 1-B.
He was one of seven people in the country "frozen" in their jobs by Admiral Land and unable to leave their job under any circumstances.
When the war ended Aiken was drafted, but declared 4-F due to asthma, and was instead sent to work in industry in a variety of jobs.
He spent the next six years working for the University of California Radiation Laboratory, today's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, designing controls for the cyclotrons being built there.
He was then put in charge of developing an x-ray spectrometer for measuring the temperature of the fireballs from nuclear weapons.
While working on these developments he was sent to Eniwetok during a series of nuclear tests.
It was during this time that he came up with the idea for a new type of thin cathode ray tube (CRT) while he was working with oscilloscopes.
He thought the display tubes in use at the time were too long, and a shorter tube would be much more practical.
Aiken was not the first to consider the possibility of a compact CRT with a thin display screen, but no-one had been successful in developing one at that point.
There were any number of problems, especially with focusing arrangements, but Aiken kept attacking them one by one until he developed what he felt was a workable solution.
Having sketched out the idea, he went to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, his employer at the time, but they didn't find the concept interesting.
Returning from Eniwetok he next approached the Radiation Laboratory, but they too declined to take up development.
He decided to build a thin CRT prototype on his own.
He rented space in the basement of a post office, and developed a working tube that could draw and move a dot around the screen.
Kaiser enters.
It was one thing to draw a dot on the screen and move it around, it is another entirely to make a working television.
Looking for development capital, Aiken started shopping the concept around to anyone who expressed an interest.
Warner Brothers sent an engineer to examine it, but declined to fund development believing it was being faked.
Walter Baker, the head of General Electric's research labs, called Aiken to set up a meeting, but Aiken demanded they sign a non-disclosure agreement and Baker refused.
Aiken then approached some of his old contacts at Kaiser, and they proved much more interested and happy to sign the non-disclosure agreement.
After seeing the unit and how it worked they decided to fund development using profits from another division.
When they discovered that the profits were due to an accounting error, development almost ended.
By this time the United States Naval Research Laboratory had heard about his work and were very interested in developing it as an interactive plotting table for displaying the data from sonobuoys in anti-submarine helicopters.
They later added an additional role as a heads up display for the T-2 Buckeye trainer, which required a transparent phosphor so the pilot could look through the display and out of the canopy.
With their funding secure, Kaiser set up a new laboratory in Palo Alto, California.
Shockley Semiconductor collaborated on the development of a small transistorized computer to display basic navigation information, while Corning was brought in to develop the super-flat glass plates needed to front the display.
While development continued, Kaiser started looking for partners in the consumer electronics space that might be able to help fund the effort of taking the tube into commercial production.
At the time, the NTSC was in the process of introducing its color television standard and enormous amounts of funding were being spent on developing a wide array of technologies in the color market.
Kaiser was unable to find anyone interested in developing another black and white system, and after the government contracts ran out, stopped funding development.
Lawsuit.
It was about this time that the similar tube developed by Dennis Gabor (better known as the developer of holograms) first came to their attention.
Gabor's design was similar in that it used an offset gun and deflection plates behind the phosphor, but differed in having the electron gun arranged under the display area rather than to the side.
Aiken had also filed similar patents after his early attempts.
A patent battle followed, with Gabor eventually winning UK rights and Aiken U.S. rights.
By this point active development of both had ended, and the two became friends.
Aiken went on to develop a number of unrelated display technologies, similar to the flip-disc display eventually forming "Display Technology Corporation" to produce them.
Description.
Aiken developed a number of different tube designs while working with Kaiser, a number of which were described in U.S. Patent 2,795,731.
The primary design used an electron gun arranged to the side of the screen, either firing horizontally across the top of the display tube, or firing vertically towards the top and then bent through 90 degrees to travel along the top.
Across the top of the tube were a series of C-shaped plates and a matching set of parallel bars below it.
The plates were charged relative to the bars to provide deflection, bending the beam to travel between the bars and down the face of the tube.
Behind the tube was a series of wide metal plates running horizontally along the back face of the display.
These were used to bend the beam through an angle and cause it to hit the front face of the screen.
2D scanning was accomplished by charging two of the horizontal plates to select a vertical location on the display, and then quickly charging the deflection plates at the top in turn to select a horizontal location.
Each vertical and horizontal plate addressed many locations on the screen, with the locations within each plate's area selected by charging it relative to its neighbors.
The patents describe a number of different systems for constructing the deflection plates, including both electrostatic and electromagnetic circuits.
Switching the plates on and off at high frequencies and high voltages is a major problem, even today, and a number of different systems were described to accomplish this, including an optical-mechanical system similar to the Nipkow disk.
The second design, described in U.S. Patent 2,837,691, was similar to the first for vertical addressing, but used a conventional horizontal scanning system.
The gun was moved to the lower middle of the display, firing upward, scanned horizontally by a single pair of deflection plates arranged just above the gun.
Horizontal scanning is much faster than vertical, so this change greatly reduced the complexity of the driver electronics.
At the top of the screen was a single wire charged to very high voltages, which bent the beam through 180 degrees back towards the bottom of the display.
He wrote several plays about men struggling in the vortex of history.
His subjects include scientist Galileo, abolitionist John Brown, and labor leader Joe Hill.
His play, "Lamp at Midnight", about Galileo's struggle with the Catholic Church to get his ideas accepted, was performed and televised on the Hallmark Hall of Fame in 1966.
Melvyn Douglas starred as Galileo.
Stavis's plays can be done on a clean, simple stage.
They have been translated into 28 languages and have been produced in dozens of major theaters around the world and in numerous college theaters.
A cell in the context of electronic design automation (EDA) is an abstract representation of a component within a schematic diagram or physical layout of an electronic circuit in software.
A cell-based design methodology is a technique that enables designers to analyze chip designs at varying levels of abstraction.
For example, one designer may focus on the logical function (high-level) and another may concentrate on physical implementation (low-level).
Calycina gardneri is a species of beetle in the genus "Calycina".
The sixteen national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of a minimum of 18 and a maximum of 23 players, including at least three goalkeepers (Regulations Article 29).
Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the competition.
The tournament exclusively requires players to be born on or after 1 January 1999 to be eligible (Regulations Article 26).
Each national team had to register a preliminary list of minimum of 18 and maximum of 50 players (including at least four goalkeepers) via the Asian Football Confederation Administration System (AFCAS) no later than 30 days before to its first match of the tournament.
Teams were able to replace or add up to 5 players to their preliminary list no later than 7 days before to its first match of the tournament provided that the maximum number of registered players is not exceeded (Regulations Article 25).
All players in the final selection must had been registered in the preliminary list (Regulations Article 26.3).
Once the final lists had been received by the AFC, teams may had replaced any player up to 6 hours prior to their first match of the tournament.
Any replacement player should come from the preliminary list (Regulations Article 26.2).
The age listed for each player is as of 1 June 2022, the first day of the tournament.
Group A.
The group A final squads were announced by the AFC on 26 May 2022.
Uzbekistan.
The final squad of 23 players was announced on 21 May 2022.
The final squad of 23 players was announced on 23 May 2022.
The group B final squads were announced by the AFC on 27 May 2022.
Australia.
The final squad of 23 players was announced on 18 May 2022.
The final squad of 23 players was announced on 16 May 2022.
South Korea.
The final squad was announced on 16 May 2022.
On 27 May, Um Won-sang was replaced by Yang Hyun-jun, as the former got a callup from the senior national team.
The preliminary 23 man squad was announced on 26 May 2022.
The preliminary 25 man squad was announced on 23 May 2022.
The final squad of 23 players was announced on 1 June 2022.
The final squad was announced on 28 May 2022.
Saudi Arabia.
The final squad of 23 players was announced on 26 May 2022.
On 31 May, Muhannad Al-Shanqeeti and Musab Al-Juwayr withdrew from the squad due to injury and were replaced by Saad Balobaid and Ahmed Al-Ghamdi.
The final squad of 23 players was announced on 30 May 2022.
A squad of 21 players was announced on 24 May 2022.
On 29 May 2022, Ryuya Nishio was also ruled out with an injury and was replaced by Kimura.
The family includes 137 species divided between 20 genus.
They are most recognizable for their construction of cone-shaped webs.
Description.
Ray Spiders are m a generally less than 4mm.
The Human Research Program (HRP) was created in October 2005 at Johnson Space Center (JSC) in response to NASA's desire to move human research project management away from headquarters to the JSC.
The HRP is an applied research and technology program that investigates and mitigates risks to astronaut health and performance in support of exploration missions and provides countermeasures and technologies for human space exploration.
Goals.
The goals of the HRP are to provide knowledge and technology in order to mitigate risks to human health and performance and develop tools to enable safe and productive human space exploration.
The Human Research Program also aims to educate the public on the challenges of human space flight.
Human Research Roadmap.
The Human Research Roadmap (HRR) is a web-based tool that is used to communicate the content of the Integrated Research Plan (IRP).
The IRP is utilized to identify the approach and research activities planned to address risks to human health and performance in space which are assigned to specific elements within the program.
This tool helps users to search for items such as gaps associated with risks, the tasks associated with a given gap, the cross-integration of a task across multiple gaps or risks, and deliverables associated with a gap or risk.
Evidence.
Reviews of the accumulated evidence from medical records, space flight operations, and research findings are compiled into evidence reports.
This evidence provides the basis for identifying the highest priority of risks to humans in space exploration, which comprise the risk portfolio within the HRP.
It also provides the basis for identifying gaps and tasks in the research plan.
Risks.
Risks include physiological effects of radiation, low gravity, terrestrial environments as well as unique challenges in medical support, human factors, and behavioral health support.
Risks are identified in the Program Requirements Document (PRD) and assigned to an element within HRP to quantify, mitigate or monitor.
Gaps.
For each risk, the HRP identifies gaps in knowledge about the risk and the ability to mitigate the risk.
Gaps in knowledge or risk mitigation often appear in multiple risks, and many of the specific research tasks address multiple gaps.
Tasks.
Tasks partially or completely close a gap by better defining a risk or developing mitigation strategies to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
In some cases, a task can address multiple gaps across multiple risks.
Deliverables.
Each task culminates in a deliverable or other agreed-upon end-product such as recommended standards, flight rules, processes, countermeasures and new technologies.
Cephalotes conspersus is a species of arboreal ant of the genus "Cephalotes", characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on.
Brad Baker (born February 18, 1993) is an AMA Pro Flat Track Racer from United States who has competed in the Championship since 2009, winning the Grand National Singles Championship in his first full-time year.
He also won the Grand National Championship in 2013.
AMA Pro Flat Track.
As the 2013 AMA Pro Flat Track Champion, Baker was invited to participate in the Superprestigio Dirt Track race on January 11, 2014, at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.
Baker returned to the December 13, 2014 Superprestigio, but fell during qualifying sustaining a dislocated shoulder and was unable to compete in the races.
On December 12, 2015, Baker will again compete in the Superprestigio Dirt Track against a host of international racers and also against his countryman, Jared Mees.
X Games Harley-Davidson Flat-Track.
Baker also competed in the 2015 X Games Harley-Davidson Flat-Track, placing 3rd behind winner Bryan Smith.
On July 22, 2018, in qualifying for the 2018 X Games Harley-Davidson Flat-Track event, Baker experienced a severe high side that threw him over the bars.
He was taken to a local hospital.
After being rushed to the hospital, Baker spent the rest of the day undergoing back surgery to repair a multiple fractured T6 vertebrae.
Fragments of his vertebrae damaged his spinal cord and was putting pressure on it causing paralysis from the middle of his back down.
His future in American Flat Track is unknown.
The United States Immigration Commission (also known as the Dillingham Commission after its chairman, Republican Senator William P. Dillingham of Vermont) was a bipartisan special committee formed in February 1907 by the United States Congress, President of the United States and Speaker of the House of Representatives, to study the origins and consequences of recent immigration to the United States.
This was in response to increasing political concerns about the effects of immigration in the United States and its brief was to report on the social, economic and moral state of the nation.
During its time in action the Commission employed a staff of more than 300 people for over 3 years, spent better than a million dollars and accumulated mass data.
It was a joint committee composed of members of both the House and Senate.
The Commission published its findings in 1911, concluding that immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe was a serious threat to American society and culture and should be greatly reduced in the future, as well as continued restrictions on immigration from China, Korea, and Japan.
The report highly influenced public opinion around the introduction of legislation to limit immigration and can be seen to have played an integral part in the adoption of the 1921 Emergency Quota Act and subsequent Johnson Reed Act of 1924.
Background.
In 1800, the American population was about 5 million, by 1914, migration had led to a further 50 million people in the country.
The Population had amassed to a total of 77 million, 14 years earlier, in 1900.
Historically, immigration policy had been based on economic arguments, but new research suggests eugenics as influencing public opinion on admission criteria.
This change towards racial scientific theory was evident in the success of Madison Grant's works which argued that the old immigrant races were in danger of being overtaken by inferior races, particularly Southern and Eastern Europeans.
Similarly, the work of Sir Francis Galton on advocating for Eugenics found heightened interest and readership during the late 1800s, reflecting the growth of racial pseudo-science based ideas amongst the American public at the time.
Modern historians have continued to argue that eugenic ideology supported immigration policy.
However, Benton-Cohen's recent work highlights the importance of economics within the Commission members thinking, in particular when referring to commission member Jenks, arguing that it predates eugenics.
In addition to this, pressure from labour leaders such as President Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labour to acknowledge the perceived negative effect of immigration on the American born workforce helped influenced the formation of the Dillingham Commission.
Nonetheless, this fails to acknowledge that the immigration debate had been around for decades as well as early ideas of racial distinctions and these factors continued to influence commission members as much as economic ones.
Historian Robert, F. Zeidel situated the Commission within the Progressive Era, with nativism as the motivation for the legal enforcement of immigration in this period.
Immigration Acts had previously banned prostitutes, convicts, the insane, and those with serious illness or disability.
Nativism changed this through moving toward a racial hierarchy which pitted the superior natives of the United States against the 'inferior' immigrants.
The Commission's Investigations.
Tension between nativists on one side of the debate (who wanted more restriction of immigration) and those that wished to reform existing rules and immigration systems which promoted the inclusion of 'good' immigrants in American society, played a part in the Dillingham Commission's investigation.
The Commission was dedicated to taking an empirical approach, with plans to visit Europe, and places most associated with immigration to the US, which would then be used to inform states across America on which immigration would be most suited for the needs of America, and where.
This sort of classification was not new to the Commission, with racial classification remaining popular from the turn of the century, into the 20th and beyond, scientifically informing the nativist rhetoric of the time.
Data collected by the Commission did not support racial preconceptions, when taking to account the success of immigrants and their level of assimilation, but recommendations were made, nonetheless.
In the words of the report, "The former (immigrants) were from the most progressive sections of Europe and assimilated quickly... On the other hand, the new immigrants have come from the less progressive countries of Europe and congregated separately from native Americans and the older immigrants to such an extent that assimilation has been slow".
In reaching this conclusion the Commission made distinctions between 'old ' and more recent 'new' immigrants.
The report favoured 'old' immigrants from North and Western Europe and opposed 'new' immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe and Asia.
The Commission was highly influential due to it being based on 'scientific research'.
However, the Commission did not hold any public hearings or cross-examine witnesses, also choosing not to use "information from census reports, state bureaus of labor and statistics or other agencies".
The Commission used its own investigators to present their personal findings.
When referring to Russian immigrants, they described them as 'clannish', which shared community through 'gangs' as reason for non-assimilation.
When considering educational standards applicable to immigrants, only 2 out of 26 questions on an assessment form related to student achievements and failed to take into account economic differences, when reaching conclusions on literacy levels.
The Commission's Recommendations.
States were recommended to push regulations onto immigrant banks and employment was also targeted for regulation, to ensure stability.
Immigrants that convinced others to send money overseas, thereby encouraging non-assimilation, were recommended deported.
Finally, it was also recommended that information about opportunities for agricultural purposes be made available by states that desire more settlers, in order to attract immigrants that were willing to help with this need.
The Commission recommended that further restrictions be placed on unskilled immigrants with a literacy test to prove they would be of a sufficient educational standard to assimilate into American society.
This led to the proposed bills for the new literacy test which were passed by Congress but vetoed first by William Taft in 1913 and subsequently Woodrow Wilson in 1915 (and again in 1917).
The Commission's Legacy and Impact.
Benton-Cohen described the commission as 'one of the first federal agencies to employ women in professional positions', because the Commission employed around 200 women.
The Commission came during a period in which women were offered very little opportunity to climb the professional ladder, and this even extended to college-educated women.
Women were therefore able to have an impact on 'reform efforts', in regards to immigration, particularly focusing on 'sex trafficking, as well as the economic conditions of immigrant laborers'.
The Commission's recommendations had a substantial impact on American immigration policy.
The recommendations eventually led to the introduction of literacy tests (in 1917 Congress overrode the second veto by Woodrow Wilson), the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and Johnson Reed Act of 1924.
It therefore placed immigration policy firmly in the hands of the federal government, as opposed to the previous state level of enforcement.
Immigration from China, Korea and Japan continued to be restricted leading to the Immigration Act of 1917 which denied entry for immigrants from Eastern Asia and the Pacific islands.
The literacy test and head tax that came with this act were ineffective, preventing just 1,500 immigrants annually, from entering the country between 1918 and 1921.
In 1911, the Dillingham Commission issued a 41-volume report containing statistical overviews and other analyses of topics related to immigrant occupations, living conditions, education, legislation (at the state as well as the federal level), and social and cultural organizations.
Newton Grange is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of central Derbyshire.
For administrative purposes it shares a parish council with the neighbouring parish of Eaton and Alsop.
When the parish council was instituted in its present form in 1974, the parish contained eight farms (one of which gives the parish its name) and four dwellings.
The western boundary of the parish is the River Dove, including the eastern side of part of Dovedale.
Lights Out is a collaboration album by Turkish rapper Ezhel and Turkish-German rapper Ufo361.
It was released on 15 November 2019.
The album contains 12 songs.
Track listing.
Lesticus suavis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae.
John Verhoek (born 25 March 1989) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a striker for Hansa Rostock.
Career.
Verhoek had stints at ADO Den Haag and Dordrecht.
He joined MSV Duisburg in 2018 but left Duisburg on 19 July 2019 for Hansa Rostock, signing a deal with them that will keep him there until 2021.
Personal life.
The Great Omani was born in Windsor, Berkshire on 10 July 1915 the son of a wine importer and was educated at the Dorset public school Sherborne.
When he left school he went into the family business however after his father died the company failed and was sold off.
After being declined entry for army service in World War II due to a damaged heart he was curious with what to do with his life next.
Browsing one day through a second hand book shop in Charing Cross Road, he fell upon a book"The Secrets of Houdini" by J.C. Cannell".
The book was controversial due to its explanation of how the magic of the great escapologist Harry Houdini was performed, and The Magic Circle thought it would promote daring behaviour to try recreate these stunts.
However this book inspired The Great Omani into the magic world and after experimental trials with underwater stunts, he was ready for public appearance in 1950.
He worked in Bognor Regis performing tricks in a straitjacket chained and padlocked to the legs of the pier as the tide rose.
On Brighton's West Pier, The Great Omani was known for jumping though open flames into a bed of glass.
In 1977 he marked the Queen's Silver Jubilee by performing a handstand on the cliff edge of Beachy Head, with a Union Jack between his toes.
To impress audiences he put himself in great danger during many of his stunts using fire, water and glass at his local pub the Bedford Tavern in Brighton.
It was here where he performed his last stunt in 2005.
This was the escape out of handcuffs with both arms on fire with lighter fluid.
He died in Brighton, East Sussex after a whisky and a cigar at his home on 15 October 2007.
His last request was for a trapdoor in the hearse at his funeral.
Quotes.
"People will always flock to see anybody likely to kill themselves."
This is a list of Nintendo DS accessories.
Nintendo has emphasized that its primary intention for the inclusion of a GBA cartridge slot was to allow a wide variety of accessories to be released for the system, the Game Boy Advance compatibility titles being a logical extension.
As the Nintendo DSi and later models lack a GBA slot, Option Paks are not compatible with it, rendering certain games unplayable.
Official accessories.
Rumble Pak.
The Rumble Pak, also known as the Option Pak, was the first official expansion slot accessory in the form of a Game Boy Advance cartridge.
The Rumble Pak provides force feedback for a limited number of games in reaction to events such as collisions in racing games or taking damage in combat-oriented games.
It was released on October 24, 2005, and bundled with "Metroid Prime Pinball", although it can be purchased separately.
A specially designed Rumble Pak was released in Japan in late May 2006 for the Nintendo DS Lite.
There was never an officially-licensed western version of the DS Lite Rumble Pak, however there were some off-brand and unlicensed versions released by various companies (see below).
Because the Rumble Pak is an Option Pak that requires a Game Boy Advance slot, it is incompatible with all subsequent Nintendo handhelds that do not have it, namely the DSi, DSi XL, or the Nintendo 3DS family.
Headset.
The Nintendo DS Headset is the official headset for the Nintendo DS.
It features one earphone and a microphone, and is compatible with all games that use the internal microphone.
It was released in Japan on September 14, 2006.
Other communication headsets not made by Nintendo also work as the mic.
Opera Web Browser.
On February 15, 2006, Nintendo announced a DS version of Opera, a cross-platform web browser.
The browser took advantage of the device's dual screens by zooming in or having a longer vertical view.
It was released in Europe on October 6, 2006.
Memory Expansion Pak.
The Nintendo DS Browser ships with an 8 MB RAM Option Pak which is required for the browser to run.
Two versions of the Memory Expansion Pak are available.
One is compatible with both the original DS and the DS Lite.
The second is a smaller translucent version which fits flush with the body of the DS Lite.
However, the original DS version can be used with the Nintendo DS Lite, as said in the back of the box.
The Expansion Pak is not used by any other commercial software, but some homebrew applications such as MoonShell or Quake DS can use it.
Faceningscan.
The Faceningscan is a camera Option Pak that plugs into the GBA slot of the DS.
Slide Controller.
The "Slide Controller" is an Option Pak that connects to the underside of a Nintendo DS, making the entire device act as an optical mouse.
It launched as a Japan-exclusive on August 3, 2007.
The Slide Controller is bundled with the game "Slide Adventure MAGKID".
The Mag Kid is a small magnet centered on the touchscreen.
The Slide Controller is attached to Slot 2 of the DS, using technology similar to an optical mouse, with a red LED light located at the bottom of the controller.
In order to move the Mag Kid across the screen during the game, the player must slide the entire Nintendo DS system with this controller at a slant angle on a table surface.
The slide controller also has built in rumble features used in the game.
Nintendo DS Digital TV Tuner.
It was released on November 23, 2007.
The external antenna plugged into the side of the DS TV itself through a standard headphone jack.
A series of three suction cups could be used to attach the wire to a window or other smooth surfaces.
The DSTV folds in when not in use with the half containing extendable rabbit ear antennas.
The other half clips onto the DS and has a locking mechanism for stability.
A button on the side releases the lock.
The dedicated cover slips over both halves of the folded DSTV when not in use, covering the contacts over the cartridge portion of the DSTV.
While the TV tuner was a Japan-only accessory (due to it only using 1seg signals), it works with all DS and 3DS models.
Activity Meter.
The activity meter is a pedometer included with "" (also named "Walk With Me in Europe and other regions").
The device stores the final seven days of detailed activity statistics, and the last 60 days of total step counts.
There is a clip built into the meter's battery door allowing it to be attached to a person's clothes or a dog's collar.
A flat battery door without the clip is also included.
For the majority of its length, it is known as Hanging Limb Highway.
Route description.
It goes northeast as S Chestnut Street past a mix of homes and businesses to have an intersection with SR 62.
The highway continues northeast onto N Chestnut Street past more homes and before leaving Monterey and crossing into Overton County.
SR 164 goes east through farmland as Hanging Limb Highway before entering mountains and winding its way north to the community of Hanging Limb.
It passes through the community before winding its way north to the Crawford community, where it comes to an end at an intersection with SR 85.
The Dahomean religion was practiced by the Fon people of the Dahomey Kingdom.
The kingdom existed until 1898 in what is now the country of Benin.
People taken from Dahomey to the Caribbean used elements of the religion to form Haitian Vodou and other African diasporic religions.
"Mawu" and "Lisa".
Career.
She played handball and football for six years but stopped when she was 13 to focus on golf.
She won nine junior tournaments between 2009 and 2015, and attributes her success to her aspiration to beat her twin brother Tobias, with whom she toured Sweden competing on the junior circuit.
She was runner-up in her college debut at the LPGA Xavier Invitational behind Tiffany Chan.
In 2016, she helped lead the Campbell Lady Camels golf team to the conference title and was runner-up in the Big South Championship.
Her first collegiate win came at the 2017 Amelia Island Collegiate, where she shot a 61 in the second round.
Leading the conference in stroke average, she was named Big South Conference Golfer of the Year in 2017 and again in 2018. 2019 was her rookie year on the Ladies European Tour, but with limited status she played in only three LET tournaments with a best finish of T25 in the South African Women's Open.
Amateur wins.
Francis Henry "Fran" Horn (1908-1999) was an American educator with expertise in English literature and higher education who served as a university administrator at several institutions in the Eastern United States, and served as president of several colleges and universities, including the Pratt Institute from 1953-1957, the University of Rhode Island (URI) from 1958 to 1967, Albertus Magnus College from 1968-1970, and the American College of Switzerland from 1972-1975.
While serving as president of the University of Rhode Island, he oversaw the founding of two graduate schools, the Graduate Library School and the Graduate School of Oceanography, as well as the establishment of the URI Faculty Senate, and he managed rapidly increasing student enrollments and ambitious building projects on the URI campus.
Despite his success in guiding the numerous building projects and building the national and international reputation of the university, he fell into political disfavor with the university's board of trustees primarily for his political aspirations, leading to his forced resignation from URI in 1967.
Horn was elected as a member of the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 1967, and he spend his retirement years after 1983 at his home in Kingston near the URI campus.
Early life and education.
Fran Horn was born 16 Nov 1908, in Toledo, Ohio, to Henry Frederick Horn (1875-1953) and Orpha Ford (Bennett) Horn (1885-1965).
Horn attended public schools in Toledo, graduating from Libbey High School in 1926.
He went on to further his education, first earning a B.A. degree in English at Dartmouth College in 1930.
After being recruited by Charles A. Watson after graduation in 1930, Horn traveled to Cairo, Egypt and taught English and history at The American University in Cairo until 1933, when he returned to the United States to earn his M.A. in the English Literature at the University of Virginia in 1934.
From 1935 to 1942, Horn was an assistant dean and taught at Junior College of Commerce in New Haven, Connecticut until 1942 when he earned his M.A. degree at Yale University, and he was drafted into the U.S. military for service during World War II.
Horn's first post-war academic appointment was as dean of McCoy College (Evening Division) at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore beginning in 1946.
He continued on his Ph.D. studies at Yale during this time, completing his degree in 1949.
Horn remained on the faculty of Johns Hopkins, becoming chair of the Department of Education in 1951.
He remained in that position until 1953, when he assumed the presidency of Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York.
After one year (1957-1958) as a distinguished visiting professor of education at Southern Illinois University, Horn was selected to be the sixth president of the University of Rhode Island on 1 July 1958.
A new library was constructed and opened in 1965.
Two new graduate schools, the Graduate Library School and the Graduate School of Oceanography were established in the early 1960s.
The Graduate School of Oceanography, in particular, at the helm of Dean John Knauss became internationally known and continues to be one of the university's most prominent programs.
Additionally, a dental hygiene program, the Bureau of Government Research were all established in 1960.
Additionally, academic freedom was a major issue on college campuses and Horn firmly supported the concept despite the criticism of those outside the University community, and he championed the formation of the URI Faculty Senate in 1960 as a means for improved academic governance.
Those who perceived their power to be diminished by Horn or were offended by his administrative style made their disenchantment public.
There resulted six weeks of extensive press coverage and Board of Trustee hearings over the issue before it was resolved generally in Horn's favor.
Horn was an enthusiastic proponent of civil rights during the 1960s, often at odds with traditional notions of college acting "in loco parentis."
For years many college administrators, and I have to admit to being among them, have urged that students should get more excited about issues of consequence.
I consider segregation to be one of these."
Two controversial issues which emerged in 1966 and 1967 that pitted Horn against the URI Board of Trustees ultimately leading to his resignation.
The first of these was his contention that the state could not adequately support two major institutions of higher education, with a proposal to combine Rhode Island College and the university into one administrative entity based in Kingston.
The second and more serious issue was Horn's decision to run for the Democratic nomination for the Congressional seat vacated by the death of Rep. John E. Fogarty.
Horn's House of Representatives candidacy was short-lived, but it angered the Board of Trustees which asked for and received his resignation in early 1967.
When he did resign in 1967, Horn cited his desire for the Board to consider the university merger proposal on its merits with both the URI and Rhode Island College presidencies vacant, but his proposal was never seriously considered by the Board of Trustees.
Shortly after his departure from URI, Horn was elected as a member of the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 1967, and he remained active in academic administration and as an internationally respected scholar.
He received a Fulbight Scholar Award for a year of teaching and research in Kenya, and he assumed the presidency of the Commission on Independent Colleges and Universities of New York (1967-1968).
He later assumed the presidency of Albertus Magnus College (1968-1970), and later a post as executive vice president of Wagner College (1970-1972).
From 1975 until his retirement in 1983, he moved to Europe to serve as president of the American College of Switzerland (1972-1975), and later as director of the British Branch of New England College at Arundel (1975-1983).
Upon his retirement, Horn and his wife Billie returned to their home in Kingston, Rhode Island near the URI campus and they remained active in the local community.
Death and legacy.
Fran Horn died on 11 Jan 1999 in South Kingstown, Rhode Island four years after his wife Billie.
They are buried at Old Fernwood Cemetery, in Kingston, very near to the URI campus.
The following is the result of the World Weightlifting Championships tournaments in year 1910.
Tournament 1.
There were 57 men in action from 5 nations.
Tournament 2.
The fourth tournament (14th World Weightlifting Championships) was held in Vienna, Austria-Hungary from October 9 to October 10, 1910.
It provides parking space outside for four helicopters and hangar space for another three.
The heliport was opened in 2005, aiming mainly at VIP transport and airwork.
John F Kennedy Catholic School is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary school located in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England.
It opened in 1967 and has a current student population of approximately 1,100, aged 11 to 18.
The school's motto is "Pacem in terris" (peace on Earth).
The school is also part of a local partnership of secondary schools, offering a variety of subject choices for post-16 students, but as of 2020, this partnership is more limited.
The project also involved the planting of new trees, and using trees which are required to be cut down as wood-chip paths and for the construction of the gazebo-type structure in the so-called 'spinney'.
Previously a voluntary aided school administered by Hertfordshire County Council, in June 2023 John F Kennedy Catholic School converted to academy status.
The school is now sponsored by the All Saints Catholic Academy Trust, but continues to be under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster.
Achievements and recognition.
Hadiqa Bashir (born 2002) is a Pakistani activist with a goal to end child marriages.
She is the recipient of Asian Girls Human Rights Ambassador award and Muhammad Ali Humanitarian Award.
Early life.
Bashir was ten years old when her grandmother wanted to marry her off.
She had seen the plight of her classmate who was married at an early age and did not want to get married.
Her uncle Erfaan Hussein, the founder of Girls United for Human Rights helped her push off the marriage.
Since then, Bashir has been working in her community to help end child marriages.
Activism.
The journey for Bashir started after her own struggle to avoid a marriage.
In 2014, she founded Girls United for Human Rights with her uncle to fight for women's rights.
After school, she goes from house to house to talk to women persuading them to not marry off their young teenage daughters.
She advocates for education for girls.
She intervenes whenever she hears of a forced marriage.
She has been able to convince five families in her community to not force their young daughters to marry.
Through her organization, Bashir helps women who face domestic abuse.
The aids are medical or legal so that the women are supported.
Girls United is a group of fifteen girls who conduct awareness sessions in local schools, colleges and in communities to openly talk about benefits of child education and health.
Through her work, Bashir wants her conservative community to start seeing women's rights, education and marriage differently.
Awards.
In 2016, Bashir became the first Pakistani girl to receive the Asian Girls Human Rights Ambassador award.
Sagalassa orthochorda is a moth in the family Brachodidae.
It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922.
It is found in Brazil.
The forewings are brownish sprinkled with dark fuscous, and somewhat mixed irregularly with ferruginous, especially towards the termen.
There is a fine straight whitish line from the costa before two-thirds to the dorsum at two-thirds, slightly interrupted in the middle, preceded by undefined darker suffusion.
There is an irregular elongate dark fuscous spot in the disc just beyond this and irregular black streaks between the veins towards the termen, one at the apex strongest.
Expeditie Robinson 2012 was the fourteenth season of the RTL5 and 2BE reality television series "Expeditie Robinson" first aired on August 30, 2012.
Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester.
Founded by Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson, it traded from 1854 until 1966.
The company exported locomotives, and machine tools to service them, throughout the world.
Founders.
German-born Charles Beyer had undertaken engineering training related to cotton milling in Dresden before moving to England in 1831 aged 21.
He secured employment as a draughtsman at Sharp, Roberts and Company's Atlas works in central Manchester, which manufactured cotton mill machinery and had just started building locomotives for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
There he was mentored by head engineer and prolific inventor of cotton mill machinery Richard Roberts.
Richard Peacock had been chief engineer of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway's locomotive works in Gorton when he resigned in 1854, confident in his ability to secure orders to build locomotives.
Beyer's resignation presented Peacock with a partnership opportunity.
Soon afterwards, however, Geach died, the loan was recalled, and the whole project nearly collapsed.
In 1902 it took on its final form as a public limited company.
During the Great Depression, faced with competition from tramways and electric railways, the company began to look for alternatives so that they were not dependent on one product.
In 1932 they acquired their first company and in 1949 formed a joint company with Metropolitan-Vickers to build locomotives other than steam.
In 1958 Beyer, Peacock (Hymek) Ltd was formed.
Gorton Foundry.
At the Foundry, Beyer designed and manufactured machine tools needed to build the locomotives, and oversaw locomotive design and production.
Peacock dealt with the business side, often travelling to continental Europe to secure orders.
In July 1855 the first locomotive, built for the Great Western Railway, left Gorton Foundry.
Between 1854 and 1868 the company built 844 locomotives, of which 476 were exported.
The company sold mainly to the British colonies, Southern Africa and South America.
The London and North Western Railway had commissioned Beyer, Peacock to build a single copy of its Dreadnought Class for the Pennsylvania Railroad, as the former railway's shops were not legally permitted to sell their locomotives.
Aside from this locomotive, and nine 2-6-0's built for the Costa Rica Railway, the company remained out of the North American market.
During the Second World War, the company was again brought under government control but continued to build locomotives throughout the war.
Condensing locomotives for underground railways.
Beyer had invited him to England in 1861 and employed him for the first year in the company workshops, then as a draughtsman under his direction.
He became chief draughtsman in 1864 or 1865.
After Beyer's death in 1876, he became chief engineer and co-manager of the company.
Beyer-Garratt articulated locomotives.
After the patents ran out in 1928, the company began to use the name "Beyer-Garratt" to distinguish their locomotives.
They became widely used throughout Africa, South America, Asia, Australia and the South Pacific, where difficult terrain and lightly laid, tightly curved track, usually narrow-gauge, severely limited the weight and power output of conventional locomotives.
In Garratt's design, two girders holding a boiler and a cab were slung between two "engine" units, each with cylinders, wheels and motion.
The weight of the locomotive was therefore spread over a considerable distance.
Both engine units were topped by water tanks.
The unit adjoining the cab end also held a fuel bunker.
In the decade following 1954, the company built four types of diesel-powered locomotives and two electric types, listed below.
Decline and closure.
The late 1950s saw a rapid transformation in locomotive manufacture.
In 1955 British Railways decided to switch from steam to diesel traction and by then overseas railways had done the same.
The company all but closed down the Gorton Foundry at the end of 1958.
In 1966, after 112 years of operation, all production ceased at Gorton Foundry.
During that time, the company had built nearly 8,000 locomotives.
Classes of locomotives.
Steam.
Non-articulated.
"List shows delivery year(s), railway and locomotive class, wheel arrangement (Whyte notation) and number in order".
Beyer-Garratt (articulated).
"List shows delivery year(s), railway and locomotive class, wheel arrangement (Whyte notation) and number in order".
Preserved locomotives.
Evie Millynn (born 23 November 1994) is a New Zealand footballer who plays for Western Springs AFC and for New Zealand.
College career.
In 2013, Millynn started studying at San Diego State University, taking part of the San Diego State Aztecs women's soccer team.
International career.
Millynn was part of New Zealand U17 roster who played in the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.
She appeared in two matches.
She was also a constant presence in the New Zealand U20 team.
She was part of the roster in the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, where she played three matches and scored one goal.
Millyn was also in the roster that represented New Zealand in the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, she played matches for her country.
In 2015, she was called to the New Zealand 23-roster that will play in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup but was an unused substitute.
Personal.
In March 2022 Millynn was diagnosed with COVID-19.
The Little Deaths was an American rock band formed in San Francisco, California in 1997.
The band was associated with the 1990s Queercore movement and became part of the San Francisco Bay-Area's late-1990s musical renaissance which spawned bands like Subtonix, The Phantom Limbs, Erase Errata, The Vanishing, and the 7 Year Bitch offshoot, Clone.
The Little Deaths toured and played shows with bands such as The Need, Le Tigre, The Haggard and Imperial Teen extensively until 2000.
They released one critically acclaimed album entitled "" on New York-based Queercore label Heartcore Records in 1999.
The Little Deaths went through several line-up changes before disbanding in 2002.
Lead singer Aaron Detroit later appeared in the "Queer Punk" issue of infamous punk publication "Maximum RocknRoll".
He went on to play synthesizer with the Dame Darcy-fronted band Death By Doll.
They released the album "Gasoline" in 2006.
In addition to his continued musical output, in 2006 Detroit became a regular contributor to SuicideGirls.com's Newswire as a music blogger.
His contributions include a notable interview with rock singer Marilyn Manson.
Mikel Delgado later joined Whysall Lane in 2001, a group formed by Richard Baluyut, formerly of Versus, which also included Adam Pfahler, formerly of Jawbreaker, and Lorna Lithgow.
The group eventually released one split single, A track on a 2004 TeenBeat compilation, and a self-titled album on Blackball Records in 2006.
Later in that year Mikel left the band.
Whitney Skillcorn later joined forces with Jody Bleyle of Team Dresch and Tamala Poljak of Longstocking to form the group Infinite Xs.
The group released one recording on the Chainsaw label in 2002.
She then went on to form Robo Sapien with Chad Byrne in 2002.
If There Be Thorns is a novel by Virginia C. Andrews which was published in 1981.
It is the third book in the Dollanganger series.
The story takes place in the year 1982.
A Lifetime movie of the same name premiered on April 5, 2015.
Plot.
The book is narrated by two half-brothers, Jory and Bart Sheffield.
Jory is a handsome, talented fourteen-year-old boy who wants to follow his mother Cathy in her career in the ballet, while nine-year old Bart, who sees himself as plain and clumsy, feels inferior to his brother.
He also has congenital analgesia and cannot feel pain as a result, putting him at serious risk of injury or death by infection.
By now, Cathy and Chris live together as husband and wife.
To hide their history, they tell the boys and other people that Chris was Paul's younger brother.
Cathy and Chris have a passionate and very loving relationship, described by Bart who has accidentally witnessed encounters between them.
Cathy is a loving mother to her sons, but shows some favoritism towards Jory.
Unable to have more children, Cathy adopts Cindy, the two-year-old daughter of one of her former dance students who was killed in an accident.
She longs to have a girl, as well as a child that is hers and Christopher's.
Initially against it, Chris comes to accept Cindy, and Jory does as well, but Bart is very upset and resentful.
Lonely from all the attention Jory and Cindy are receiving, Bart befriends the new elderly next door neighbor, who invites him over for cookies and ice cream and encourages him to call her "Grandmother."
Jory eventually goes next door as well to see whom Bart keeps visiting, only to have the old lady tell him that she is actually his grandmother.
Jory initially doesn't believe her, and avoids her at all costs.
The old lady's butler, John Amos, also seems to befriend Bart, but soon John Amos begins to fill Bart's mind with stories about the sinful nature of women.
John Amos reveals that the old woman is truly Bart's grandmother, Corrine Foxworth Winslow.
He also gives Bart a diary that belonged to Bart's biological great-grandfather, Malcolm Foxworth, claiming that this journal will help Bart become as powerful and successful as Malcolm.
Bart begins to pretend that he is his great-grandfather, who hated women and was obsessed with their degradation.
Jory's dog, Clover, comes up missing and is later found dead with a piece of barbed wire twisted about his neck.
Bart's family notice the changes but only Jory suspects that the mysterious woman next door is responsible.
At the same time, Jory starts to become suspicious of his parents' relationship.
Although amazed by their love, which he describes as intense and affectionate, he notices their family resemblance and wonders why his mother would marry Paul, who was much older than her, before Chris.
After Bart becomes ill from tetanus (the result of him cutting his knee on a rusty nail) and nearly dies, Jory finally tells Chris of his suspicions about the lady next door.
When they confront her, Chris realises that the old lady is his mother, who pleads with him to forgive her.
Indifferent to her pleas, Chris orders her to stay away from their family, especially Bart, but decides not to tell Cathy about what happened, knowing Cathy's feelings about their mother might result in a violent confrontation.
At the same time, Cathy is injured in an accident and told that she will never dance again.
Confined to her wheelchair, she begins to write out the story of her life.
He proudly calls his parents sinners and "devil's spawn".
Jory finds out the truth when his paternal grandmother visits and confronts Cathy about her relationship with "her brother Christopher".
At first shocked and disgusted, Jory forgives his parents after he learns of their tragic past.
Cathy finally learns about the woman next door when Bart accidentally says that she gives him anything he wants, and she goes to confront their neighbor.
The old woman tries to hide her identity, but Cathy recognizes her voice.
Enraged by her mother's audacity at asking forgiveness after all she's done, Cathy attacks her, but then John Amos knocks both women unconscious.
Working on John Amos' orders, Bart, who now believes he is a vessel for his great-grandfather's vengeful spirit, locks Cathy and Corrine in the cellar, where John Amos plans to starve them to death.
Hearing this, Bart realizes how much he loves his mother and grandmother, despite their sins, and he tells Chris where they are.
Before they can be reached, the house catches fire.
Bart manages to unlock the cellar door but Corrine orders Bart to go back outside.
Corrine saves Cathy, but as she emerges from the house, her clothes catch fire.
Chris runs to her and helps put out the flames, but Corrine's heart gives out and she dies.
John Amos dies inside, abandoned to his fate.
The epilogue, narrated by Cathy once again, describes Cathy's emotional forgiveness of her mother at Corrine's funeral.
For the sake of their three children, Cathy and Chris realize that they must never allow their biological relationship to be revealed.
Bart seems to have recovered from the worst of his madness, but still dwells on the power wielded by his great-grandfather, whose millions he now stands to inherit.
Adaptation.
"If There Be Thorns" was adapted as an original Lifetime film.
It premiered on April 5, 2015.
Blanchard operated his business at Caraquet where he dealt in the usual supplies for a fishing community such as this one.
His important function was in the cod fishery where he acted as an agent for Charles Robin and Company.
History.
It passed over to Selz Abbey in 994 together with Kirchberg.
The inhabitants of both villages were part of the parish of Kirchberg.
During the 19th century, the farms began to change from growing grain to raising dairy cattle.
A warehouse was built two years later in 1858.
The Burgdorf-Solothurn railroad opened a station in the municipality in 1876.
The municipality grew slowly until 1965, when the A1 motorway was built between the two villages.
The motorway brought new businesses and commuters to the municipality.
Three new housing developments were built to house to growing population.
New school buildings were built in 1969-70, 1989 and in 2006 and a kindergarten opened in 1987-88.
Before the 1960s there was some industry in the municipality, including a gravel quarry and a printing factory.
A proposed merger with Kirchberg was rejected by the latter in a vote in 1973.
Geography.
All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located on the left bank of the Emme river.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Burgdorf, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.
On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Emmental.
Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Per fess Or a Hunting Dog statant Gules and of the second a Mullet between a pair of Antlers of the first issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Vert."
Demographics.
There are 18 people who speak French and 3 people who speak Romansh. , there were 884 people who were single and never married in the municipality.
There were 993 married individuals, 106 widows or widowers and 111 individuals who are divorced. , there were 303 households that consist of only one person and 60 households with five or more people. , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.1 new units per 1000 residents.
Economy. , there were a total of 906 people employed in the municipality.
Of these, there were 33 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 417 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 18 businesses in this sector. 456 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 53 businesses in this sector. there were a total of 777 full-time equivalent jobs.
The number of jobs in the primary sector was 23, all of which were in agriculture.
The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 365. , there were 224 workers who commuted into the municipality and 990 workers who commuted away.
The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 4.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.
Religion.
There were 12 individuals who were Buddhist, 60 individuals who were Hindu and 3 individuals who belonged to another church.
Education.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school.
This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude.
Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 46 students in the municipality.
The municipality had 6 primary classes and 123 students.
He is the longest serving Minister of Economy and Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of the country.
He previously served as an acting Prime Minister from April to May 2021.
Hong is considered a veteran technocrat working at mostly at budget-related departments under both conservative and liberal governments for over three decades.
Before promoted to President Moon's second finance minister, Hong was his first Minister for Government Policy Coordination (OPC) and previously president Park Geun-hye's vice minister for now-Ministry of Science and ICT.
His nomination as President Moon's next finance minister was strongly recommended by then-Prime Minister Lee Nak-yon whom Hong closely worked for as Minister for Government Policy Coordination.
Hong's predecessor, Kim Dong-yeon, also served as the head of OPC under previous administration before appointed as Moon's first finance minister.
As of December 2020, Hong is also one of four people who continue to serve President Moon as cabinet minister or ministerial-level government official from the beginning of Moon's presidency in 2017 along with Kim Sang-jo, Suh Hoon, and Kang Kyung-wha.
Policy Stances.
On several occasions, Hong expressed his disapproval of adopting Universal basic income as it only significantly worsens fiscal responsibility without effectively replacing the current social safety net and for this reason it is not adopted by any countries in the world.
After the government and the ruling party led by Lee concluded not to lower the taxation threshold for "a large shareholder" from 1 billion won to 300 million won worth of stocks in a single company upon strong opposition from the both sides of the political parties, Hong submitted his resignation reasoning that "someone had to take responsibility on the debate that lasted for two months and on the current status of not lowering the threshold."
President Moon immediately rejected his resignation and reaffirmed him citing that he is the right person to lead Korea's economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
In response to two petitions calling for Hong's removal from office due to this "shareholder issue," the Blue House reiterated that Hong and the government have committed themselves in economic recovery.
In January 2021, Hong reiterated his stance on fiscal responsibility in response to growing discussions on the possible fourth covid-19 relief and financial assistance to businesses affected by the pandemic.
Although Korea's debt-to-GDP ratio is relatively low compared to other developed countries, cumulative debt, according to Hong, is a burden to the future generations.
He also emphasised that government spending is not a "widow's cruise" and therefore must be spent wisely even in this pandemic.
Moreover, in an interview, he expressed his willingness to actively participate in such discussions as he has a solemn duty as the country's finance minister to "guard the storehouse (meaning country's budget)."
Even on his last day as the minister, he reiterated the importance of maintaining fiscal soundness of the country.
Education.
Hong graduated from Hanyang University with a bachelor degree in economics and MBA.
Daniel Victor Lauwers (born January 15, 1963) is a member of the Michigan Senate, representing the 25th district.
He previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives and represented the 81st district, made up of the areas just south of Port Huron, Michigan along the St. Clair River, that are functional suburbs of Detroit with additional business related to the water tourism, combined with an inland area to the west of Port Huron that is largely still rural farm country with small towns that largely function as trade centers, and only very limited influx of commuters to the Metro-Detroit area.
Lauwers comes from the more rural western portion of the district, and has a bachelor's degree in agricultural economics from Michigan State University.
Lauwers owns Eastern Michigan Grain.
He was a legislative assistant to Bill Schuette when Schutte was in the US House of Representatives.
Lauwers was first elected to the state house in 2012.
It is responsible for all operational and general training at 22 Wing.
Operational and conversion training for RCAF personnel destined to work in the Canadian Sector Air Operations Centre (SAOC) is provided by the squadron.
History.
The squadron was then re-formed at North Bay in 1989 as one of 22 Wing's three units.
Nasir Muhammad 'Awad al-Ghidan al-Harbi (20 July 1974 - ), known by his kunya Abu Bilal al-Harbi, was a Saudi Arabian citizen who was the governor of the Islamic State's branch in Yemen.
Biography.
He was born in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia on either 20 July or 5 September 1974.
In September 2014, he established contact with IS and sought pledges of allegiance on their behalf.
In late 2014, he allegedly facilitated the movement of people and material for IS operations in Saudi Arabia.
According to the Treasury, he "was in Yemen with a group that pledged allegiance to ISIL and received significant funding from either ISIL or an unidentified donor".
According to the United States Department of the Treasury, he recruited for the Islamic State in Yemen in mid-2015 having received funding from IS in 2014 to implement their plan in Yemen.
He declined to recruit and facilitate efforts in Yemen on behalf of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula in favor of an alleged promise of 4,000 al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb fighters by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
Leadership disputes in Yemen.
In December 2015, he suffered a rebellion against his rule as governor by members of the Islamic State in Yemen, who appealed to the Islamic State leadership in Syria and Iraq to replace him.
Seventy members announced their defection in a letter published online, though they reaffirmed their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
"They stopped working in accordance with the prophetic path regarding the resolution of many problems and issues."
Additional accusations were made of "oppressing the downtrodden" and "expelling the muhajireen".
They then demanded that Baghdadi dismiss the governor for Yemen, along with "his retinue."
Abu Ubaydah Abd al-Hakim, a member of the consultative council of the Islamic State responded, rejecting the request to remove the governor and saying, "What you have ventured to do is absolutely rejected.
You must hear and obey he who has been tasked with your emirate, and you tasked by his emiracy over you".
US sanctions.
He was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury on 29 September 2015.
She was born in 1841, at Charleston, West Virginia.
In 1884, she married William A. MacCorkle.
The MacCorkles were the first to reside in the state supplied Governor's Mansion.
M04 engine.
The side-valve six-cylinder 2,994 cc engine delivered maximum output of , but now at the lower engine speed of 3,200 rpm.
Sinister is a 2012 supernatural horror film directed by Scott Derrickson and written by C. Robert Cargill and Derrickson.
It stars Ethan Hawke as a struggling true-crime writer whose discovery of snuff films depicting gruesome murders in his new house puts his family in danger.
Juliet Rylance, Fred Thompson, James Ransone, Clare Foley, and Michael Hall D'Addario appear in supporting roles.
"Sinister" was inspired by a nightmare Cargill had after watching the 2002 film "The Ring".
To add to the authenticity of old home movies and snuff films, the Super 8 segments were shot on actual Super 8 cameras and film stock.
The film was a co-production between the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
It premiered at the SXSW festival on March 10, 2012.
It was released in the United Kingdom on October 5, 2012, and in the United States on October 12.
It has developed a reputation for scariness and is considered a cult classic.
A 2020 study by Broadband Choices named "Sinister" the scariest film ever made, based on an analysis of viewer heart rates.
A sequel was released in 2015.
Plot.
True crime writer Ellison Oswalt moves into a home in the fictional town of Chatford, Pennsylvania with his wife Tracy, their 12-year-old son, Trevor, and their 7-year-old daughter, Ashley.
Unbeknownst to his wife and children, Ellison has moved them into the home where the Stevenson family were killed by hanging.
He intends to write a biography about the case, to regain the fame he lost after his bestselling book "Kentucky Blood" was followed by two less successful novels.
He hopes to learn the fate of 10-year-old Stephanie Stevenson, who disappeared following the murders.
Ellison finds a box in the attic that contains a scorpion, as well as a projector and reels of Super 8 film, each labeled as home movies.
The films are footage of different families being murdered in various ways, each with a related but innocuous title, such as a mass drowning marked as "Pool Party '66."
Each killing is performed by the unseen camera operator.
Ellison notes the appearance of a mysterious symbol and a strange, eerie man in the films.
Ellison matches footage of a throat-slitting murderer to news reports from St. Louis, Missouri in 1998.
Three members of the Miller family were killed, while 13-year-old Christopher Miller vanished.
One night, Ellison investigates noises in the attic.
Inside the film reels' canister lid, he finds a king snake and childlike drawings depicting the killings, with an eerie figure called "Mr.
Boogie" also present.
At one point, Ellison encounters a Rottweiler in the back garden.
Ellison consults a local deputy and discovers that the filmed murders took place at different times and in different cities across the country dating back to 1966.
A child from each family disappeared following every murder.
And before the Stevensons moved to Chatford, they lived in the Millers' former house.
The deputy refers Ellison to occult specialist Professor Jonas, to decipher the symbol in the films.
Jonas relates the symbol to the ancient and obscure Babylonian god Bughuul, who would kill entire families and take one of their children to consume their soul slowly.
Jonas suspects the murders are part of a cult initiation rite, rather than the work of a single murderer.
As Ellison investigates footsteps and noises throughout the home one night, it is revealed that ghost-like children invisible to Ellison are the cause, with one of them appearing in Ashley's bedroom.
Ashley later paints this girl, who she identifies as Stephanie Stevenson, on the wall.
Another night, Ellison hears the film projector running and finds the missing children seated in the attic watching one of the films.
Bughuul appears on camera before physically appearing before Ellison.
Ellison takes the camera, projector, and snuff films outside and destroys them.
He tells Tracy that they are moving back to their old home.
Early Christians believed that images of Bughuul served as a gateway for the monster to come from the spiritual realm to the mortal world, and Bughuul can possess children who come into contact with these images.
Ellison discovers the unharmed projector and films in his attic, along with a new film labeled "Extended Cut Endings".
The deputy calls Ellison and informs him that every deceased family had once lived in the house where the previous murders took place.
By moving away from the Stevenson house, Ellison has marked himself and his family as the next victims.
The new footage depicts the missing children coming onscreen following each murder, revealing themselves to be the murderers under Bughuul's influence.
Ellison becomes lightheaded and notices a green liquid at the bottom of his coffee mug, along with a note from Ashley that says, "Good night, Daddy," before losing consciousness.
He awakes to find himself, Tracy, and Trevor bound and gagged on the floor.
She tells her father that she will make him "famous again", and proceeds to slaughter her family with an axe.
She then uses their blood to paint pictures on the walls of the hallway, along with Bughuul's symbol on a door.
Ashley views the film of her murders while drawing the killing in the lid of the home movies box.
The missing children stare at her through the movie but flee when Bughuul appears.
He lifts Ashley into his arms and teleports into the movie.
The box of films sits in the Oswalt family's attic, now accompanied by Ashley's reel titled "House Painting '12".
Bughuul then jumpscares the audience.
Cast.
Boogie.
Featured as the children under Bughuul's control are Victoria Leigh as Stephanie, Cameron Ocasio as BBQ Boy, Danielle Kotch as Lawn Girl, Ethan Haberfield as the Pool Party Boy, and Blake Mizrahi as Sleepy Time Boy.
An uncredited Vincent D'Onofrio plays Professor Jonas.
Production.
Development.
Writer C. Robert Cargill says that his inspiration for "Sinister" came from a nightmare he experienced after seeing the 2002 horror film "The Ring", in which he discovered a film in his attic depicting the hanging of an entire family.
This scenario became the setup for the plot of "Sinister".
In creating a villain for the film, Cargill conceptualized a new take on the Bogeyman, calling the entity "Mr.
Boogie".
Cargill's idea was that the creature would be both terrifying and seductive to children, luring them to their dooms as a sinister Willy Wonka-like figure.
Cargill and co-writer Scott Derrickson ultimately decided to downplay the creature's alluring nature, only intimating how it manipulates the children into murder.
In further developing Mr.
Boogie, the pair had lengthy discussions about its nature, deciding not to make it a demon but rather a Pagan deity, in order to place it outside the conceptual scope of any one particular religion.
Consequently, the villain was given the proper name "Bughuul", with only the child characters in the film referring to it as "Mr.
Boogie".
Design.
In crafting a look for Bughuul, Cargill initially kept to the idea of a sinister Willy Wonka before realizing that audiences might find it "silly" and kill the potential for the film becoming a series.
Looking for inspiration, Derrickson typed the word "horror" into flickr and searched through 500,000 images.
He narrowed the images down to 15, including a photograph of a ghoul which was tagged simply "Natalie".
Some of the background music for these murder sequences was taken from ambient tracks by bands associated with the Norwegian black metal scene, including Ulver and .
Filming.
Principal photography for "Sinister" began in autumn of 2011, after Ethan Hawke and Juliet Rylance signed on to star in the film.
The Super 8 segments were shot first, using actual Super 8 cameras and film stock, in order to maintain the aesthetic authenticity of home-shot Super 8 footage.
Principal photography took place on Long Island.
Cargill keeps books by both men on his shelves.
Reception.
First revealed at the SXSW festival in the United States, "Sinister" premiered in the United Kingdom at the London FrightFest and in Spain at the Sitges Film Festival.
Critical response.
The critical consensus states "Its plot hinges on typically implausible horror-movie behavior and recycles countless genre cliches, but "Sinister" delivers a surprising number of fresh, diabolical twists."
The film also has a score of 53 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.
"Variety" praised the film as "the sort of tale that would paralyze kids' psyches".
Film.com stated that "Sinister" was a "deeply frightening horror film that takes its obligation to alarm very seriously".
Roger Ebert gave it three out of four stars, criticizing a few obvious horror tropes but praising Hawke's performance and calling it "an undeniably scary movie."
Peter Paras of E! named it the best horror film of 2012, citing the film's soundtrack and subversion of contemporary horror tropes.
CraveOnline called the film "solid" but remarked that the film "doesn't quite go to the next level that gets me like an "Insidious"", and IGN praised the film's story while criticizing some of "Sinister"s "scream-out-loud moments" as lazy.
Reviewer Garry McConnachie of Scotland's "Daily Record" rated the film four of five stars, saying, "This is how Hollywood horror should be done... "Sinister" covers all its bases with aplomb."
Ryan Lambie of Den of Geek gave the film three out of five stars, and wrote that despite its faults, "there's something undeniably powerful about "Sinister".
Hawke's performance holds the screen through its more hackneyed moments, and it's the scenes where it's just him, a projector, and a few feet of hideous 8 mm footage where the movie truly convinces.
And while its scares are frequently cheap, it's also difficult to deny that "Sinister" sometimes manages to inspire moments of palpable dread."
Some reviewers have criticized the film's preoccupation with outdated technology.
Peter Howell of the "Toronto Star" (who gave the film two out of four stars) argues that the movie tries for "old school shocks" but "can't afford a pre-Internet setting."
Rafer Guzman of "Newsday" wrote that "celluloid is such a warm, friendly old format that it seems unlikely to contain the spirit of, say, a child-eating demon."
Academic study of the film, however, tends to view "Sinister"s representation of both old and new media formats as a study in transmediation.
A 2020 study conducted by Broadband Choices named "Sinister" the scariest movie ever made.
The study sampled 50 of the highest rated horror movies ever made based on reception on sites like IMDB, Rotten Tomatoes and Reddit, and then measured study participants' heart rates while watching the sampled films.
Home media.
The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on February 11, 2013, in the UK and February 19, 2013, in the US with two commentaries (one with director Scott Derrickson and another with writer C. Robert Cargill).
The release also included two new features ("True Crime Criminals" and "Living in a House of Death") as well as a featurette on the Sinister Fear Experiment performed by Thrill Laboratory in celebration of the film's theatrical release.
Sequel.
A sequel was announced to be in the works in March 2013, with Derrickson in talks to co-write the script with Cargill, but not to direct.
Vernon Palmer (Vernon Valentine Palmer) is an American-born legal scholar, the Thomas Pickles Professor of Law at Tulane University Law School and the co-director of its Eason Weinmann Center of Comparative Law.
He is a specialist in civil law and mixed jurisdiction legal studies, with a primary focus on the study of comparative international law.
In 2022 he was honored by the International Academy of Comparative Law in Paris as one of the world's "great comparatists".
Biography.
Palmer was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and attended New Orleans Academy, Newman High School and graduated from Jesuit High School in 1958.
He is a graduate of Tulane University (B.A.
1962, LL.B. 1965 with Law Review Honors) and Yale Law School (LL.M. 1966), where he received a Sterling Fellowship.
Palmer graduated from Pembroke College, Oxford University in 1985, where he received his Doctorate of Philosophy.
Publications.
He is the author of numerous legal articles and books, including his most recent book "The Lost Translators of 1808 and the Birth of Civil Law in Louisiana (Georgia Univ.
Press 2021).
The New Zealand Olympic Museum, was situated on Queens Wharf, Wellington, New Zealand.
It was established on 23 June 1998 and closed in January 2013 after the New Zealand Olympic Committee (NZOC) relocated to Auckland.
The museum's collection focuses on New Zealand's involvement in the Olympic movement and promoting Olympic values.
The NZOC intends to reintroduce the museum's collection through digital activity and outreach programmes to other museums.
Collection.
The museum had the Lonsdale Cup (NZOC) on permanent display, as well as the Te Mahutonga Cloak when it was not attending the games.
Te Kohatu Mauri Stone.
On Olympic Day 23 June 2004, Te Runanga O Ngai Tahu presented two greenstone taonga to the New Zealand Olympic Committee a pendant that would travel with the Te Mahutonga Cloak and a Maori touchstone that would travel with the New Zealand Olympic Team to all future games.
The Port Bienville Railroad is a class III railroad operating in Mississippi.
All mainline rail operated by PBVR has 286,000 pound gross-weight-on-rail capability.
PBVR can store up to 429 rail cars at any one time.
Multi-modal warehouse and trans-load facilities are available.
A trans-loading site is available for other prime sites for bulk transfers and storage of product.
PBVR provides daily service to a Class I railroad interchange at Ansley, Mississippi.
Port Bienville is located east of New Orleans, Louisiana.
The PBVR provides switching services for various customers within their plants and for moving cars to and from off-plant site storage facilities.
PBVR also offers rail car in-transit storage for customers who ship across the Gulf Coast.
Its daily service provides great flexibility for storing of future shipments.
Andher Nagri is a play written by Indian Hindi writer Bhartendu Harishchandra in 1881.
In this 6-act play, with satire, he has shown a king destroyed by his own deeds by an irrational and autocratic government system.
Bhartendu composed it in a single day for the Hindu National Theater in Banaras.
Story.
This play is divided into 6 acts.
In the first act, the Mahanta appears with two of his disciples who send their disciples Govardhan Das and Narayan Das to beg for alms in a nearby town.
He warns Govardhan Das about the bad consequences of greed.
The second act, has a view of the city market where everything is being sold.
Govardhan Das is delighted to see this infidelity in the market and returns to his guru with three and a half sers of sweets for seven paise.
In the third act, the two disciples return to the Mahant.
Narayan Das brings nothing while Gobardhan Das brings two and a half ser sweets.
The Mahant becomes conscious on hearing the news of the virtuous and the demerit getting the same sentiment in the city and asks his disciples to leave the city immediately.
I will not stay in this city any more."
Narayan Das agrees to them while Govardhan Das decides to stay there in the greed of cheap tasty food.
The fourth act, depicts the court and justice of Chaupat Raja of Andher Nagari.
The king, who is drowned in alcohol, starts from the bania on the complaint of the complainant's goat being buried, reaches the Kotwal through the artisan, chunawalla, bhishti, butcher and shepherd and sentences him to death.
In the fifth act, Govardhan Das, who is fat eating sweets and being pleased, is caught by four soldiers and they take them to the gallows.
They tell him that because the goat died, someone must be hanged for the sake of justice.
When the noose of the gallows came out from the neck of the thin Kotwal, the king ordered to hang a fat man.
In the sixth act, preparations have been completed to hang Govardhan Das in the crematorium.
Then his Guru Mahant Ji comes and gives some mantra in his ear.
After this, both the guru and disciple show their haste to climb the gallows.
The king on hearing that the person who is going to be hanged in this auspicious position will go straight to Baikunth and ultimately orders himself to be hanged.
Overview.
Mayor Marlyn's running mate is Walfredo Dimaguila, Jr. also under the Liberal Party.
Results.
Mayoral and vice mayoral elections.
City Council.
Voters will elect ten (10) councilors to comprise the City Council or the "Sangguniang Panlungsod".
Candidates are voted separately so there are chances where winning candidates will have unequal number of votes and may come from different political parties.
Time and Tide was a British weekly (and later monthly) political and literary review magazine founded by Margaret, Lady Rhondda, in 1920.
It started out as a supporter of left wing and feminist causes and the mouthpiece of the feminist Six Point Group.
It later moved to the right along with the views of its owner.
It always supported and published literary talent.
The first editor was Helen Archdale.
Lady Rhondda took over herself as editor in 1926 and remained so for the rest of her life.
Contributors included Nancy Astor, Margaret Bondfield, Vera Brittain, John Brophy, Margery Corbett-Ashby, Anthony Cronin (literary editor mid-1950s), E. M. Delafield, Charlotte Despard, Crystal Eastman, Leonora Eyles, Emma Goldman, Robert Graves, Graham Greene, Charlotte Haldane, Mary Hamilton, J. M. Harvey, Winifred Holtby, Storm Jameson, Max Kenyon, Vera Laughton Mathews, D. H. Lawrence, C. S. Lewis, Wyndham Lewis, F. L. Lucas, Rose Macaulay, Naomi Mitchison, Eric Newton, G. K. Chesterton, George Orwell, Emmeline Pankhurst, Eleanor Rathbone, Elizabeth Robins, Olive Schreiner, George Bernard Shaw, Ethel Smyth, Helena Swanwick, Ernst Toller, Rebecca West, Ellen Wilkinson, Charles Williams, Margaret Wintringham and Virginia Woolf.
In 1940, the article "The Necessity of Chivalry" by C. S. Lewis was published in "Time and Tide", beginning an association between Lewis and the magazine that would last 20 years and include more articles and reviews.
In 1944, Lewis's articles "Democratic Education" and "The Parthenon and the Optative" were published, while "Hedonics" appeared in 1945.
In 1946, the magazine published Lewis's articles "Different Tastes in Literature" and "Period Criticism".
In 1954, Lewis published one of the first reviews of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Fellowship of the Ring", and in 1955 his reviews of "The Two Towers" and "The Return of the King" were published.
Lewis also frequently contributed poetry, including his poem "The Meteorite" (7 December 1946), which he used as the motto for his book "Miracles" (1947).
Another significant contributor was Lewis's friend and fellow Oxford "Inkling" Charles Williams, who contributed regularly from 1937 until his death in 1945.
His important articles included a review of the 'B' text of W. B. Yeats's "A Vision" (1937) and an exposition of his own Arthurian sequence of poems, "Taliessin Through Logres" (1938).
With Rhondda's death in 1958, it passed to the control of Rev Timothy Beaumont and editor John Thompson in March 1960.
Under their supervision, it became a political news-magazine with a Christian flavour during the 1960s.
It became a monthly in 1970 and closed in 1979.
The "Time and Tide" title was later purchased by Sidgwick and Jackson, a subsidiary of the hotel group Trust House Forte.
Again, it was propped-up by a very wealthy peer, Lord Forte of Ripley.
The magazine ceased publication in 1979.
 is the 68th single from the Japanese girl group Morning Musume.
It was released on January 22, 2020.
Information.
Both "Lovepedia" and "Ningen Kankei No Way Way" are written by Kodama Ameko and composed by Ooyagi Hiroo.
Although the melody is the same, the lyrics, the arrangement, dance, and even the part division of the song are different.
The Principality of Andorra's honours system started developing very recently and it is still in development.
History.
The Principality of Andorra started development of an honours system in 2007, through the Consolidation Decree 12-09-2007 and the implementation Ministerial Decree 07-12-2007, with the creation of the Order of Charlemagne amongst the Charlemagne Prizes.
With the following years, the Andorran honours system was expanded in 2011 by the Inter-Parish Commission with the creation of the medals and awards for the City Guards of the country, adopted by Decree by all the Parishes.
Consequently, during late 2015 and early 2016, the reviewed and adapted Decrees were approved by all Parishes implementing the reforms and producing the first award ceremony in May 2016.
Hurricane Hernan was fourth and final tropical cyclone to strike Mexico at hurricane intensity during the 1996 Pacific hurricane season.
The thirteenth tropical cyclone, eighth named storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, Hernan developed as a tropical depression from a tropical wave to the south of Mexico on September 30.
The depression quickly strengthened, and became Tropical Storm Hernan later that day.
Hernan curved north-northwestward the following day, before eventually turning north-northeastward.
Still offshore of the Mexican coast on October 2, Hernan intensified into a hurricane.
Only two hours after landfall, Hernan weakened to a tropical storm.
By October 4, Tropical Storm Hernan had weakened into a tropical depression, and dissipated over Nayarit on the following day.
The storm dropped heavy rainfall along the west coast of Mexico, with some areas experiencing over of precipitation.
As a result of the large amounts of rain, Hurricane Hernan caused moderate flooding.
Despite impacting a relatively sparsely populated area of Mexico, no deaths were reported in the country, though one was reported missing.
In all, flooding from the storm washed-out highways, disrupted telephone service, caused power outages, and damaged at least 1,000 homes.
However, at least 100 injuries were recorded.
In addition, the remnants caused flooding in southern Texas, and one person was presumed to have drowned.
Meteorological history.
A tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa during mid-September and moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean.
Even though convection associated with the system increased on two separate occasions, the tropical wave did not develop further.
After emerging into the Pacific Ocean, the system entered the Gulf of Tehuantepec on September 28.
Meanwhile, deep convection began to consolidate while the cloud pattern continued to improve.
By late on September 29, classifications began on the system via the Dvorak technique, a technique used to measure a tropical cyclones intensity.
By 0600 UTC on September 30, satellite imagery indicated that Tropical Depression Eleven-E had developed while centered over south-southeast of Acapulco.
Three hours later, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) initiated advisories on the depression, stating that it was over warm sea surface temperatures and outflow was becoming well-established.
Subsequently, it was predicted that the depression would intensify into a hurricane before October 3.
Based on this, the NHC upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Hernan.
By October 1, the atmospheric circulation of Hernan became difficult to locate on infrared satellite imagery.
As a result, the NHC reported that it no longer anticipated that Hernan would intensify into a hurricane.
Most of the computer models anticipated that Hernan would parallel the coast of Mexico, though the Global Dynamics Fluid Model (GDFL) noted that Tropical Storm Hernan would turn sharply northward and eventually make landfall in Mexico.
Early on October 2, deep convection began wrapping around the center, and meteorologists noted that an eye feature may have been forming.
Subsequently, Hernan also developed very cold cloud tops while tracking slowly to the northwest.
At 0600 UTC on October 2, it is estimated that Hernan had intensified into a hurricane.
Operationally, however, Hernan was not upgraded to a hurricane until nine hours later.
By late on October 2, radar imagery remarked that the northern eye wall was affecting portions of the west coast of Mexico.
Shortly thereafter, the eye of Hernan became less distinct on satellite images.
Hernan rapidly weakened inland, and it was estimated that it had weakened to a tropical storm only two hours after landfall.
By 0000 UTC on October 4, Hernan weakened further, and was downgraded to a tropical depression.
Shortly thereafter, Hernan re-emerged into the Pacific Ocean, and the NHC noted that possibility for the depression to restrengthen into a tropical storm.
Hernan weakened further as a large portion of its circulation remained on land, while the low-level center became difficult to locate.
By 2100 UTC October 4, satellite images and surface reports indicated that Hernan had degenerated into a broad area of low pressure.
Hernan finally dissipated at 0000 UTC the next day while centered over Nayarit.
Preparations and Impact.
Thirty-six hours after formation, on October 1, a tropical storm warning was issued from Acapulco, to Manzanillo.
Early on the following day, a hurricane watch was put into effect from Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, to Manzanillo, .
Three hours later, the watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning.
At 1500 UTC on that same day, a tropical storm warning was issued from Manzanillo, to San Blas, Nayarit.
As the storm rapidly weakened inland, all watches and warnings in effect were discontinued midday on October 3.
In addition to these warnings, several ports and harbors were closed in the states of Guerrero, Michoacan, Jalisco, and Colima, a span of some .
Much of Jalisco was drenched with rain for nearly 12 consecutive hours, resulting in flooding.
The National Water Commission reported waves of up to .
High winds were also recorded.
Because the storm made landfall in a sparsely populated area, no deaths were reported by the NHC.
However, one boy was swept away in the Uxpana River and was thus reported missing.
Due to flooding caused by the storm, three rivers in Veracruz overflowed their banks.
Flooding from the storm also washed-out portions of two Mexico highways.
Furthermore, telephone service was interrupted and power outages occurred.
Around 1,000 homes were damaged or destroyed and 100 people were injured.
Overall, damage from the system was not widespread.
After dissipating, the remnants of Hernan, in combination with a low pressure area that eventually became Tropical Storm Josephine, brought heavy downpours to southern Texas.
Rainfall reached in Brownsville, which caused street flooding and forced several families to evacuate their homes.
In addition, coastal flooding was reported in the town of South Padre Island.
As a result of heavy rainfall, a flash flood watch and warning were issued for Cameron, Hidalgo, Kenedy, and Willacy Counties.
"Communication" is a song by English new wave band Spandau Ballet, released on 4 February 1983 as the second single from what would be their third album, "True".
The song was recorded at Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas along with most of the material from that album and received several good reviews.
It reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart and made the pop charts in other countries as well.
The music video for the song was made to look like a film with lead singer Tony Hadley as the main character and received airplay on the U.S. cable channel MTV.
Background.
Spandau Ballet chose Buggles founder Trevor Horn to remix the song "Instinction" from their 1982 album "Diamond" to release as a single, and, in doing so, the band began a shift from dance music to more of a pop sound.
The latter became the first single from the album and reached number 7 on the UK Singles Chart in fall 1982.
It had been recorded in Paddington at Red Bus Studios, but the band traveled to The Bahamas to work on "Communication" and six other songs for the new album at Compass Point Studios in Nassau.
'Communication' got the band vote.
Maybe we felt their success would be automatic and wanted to save them for later, during the album's release."
Critical reception.
"Cash Box" magazine praised the song for its "combination of Eurodisco rhythms and a confident lead vocal track".
Fred Dellar of "Smash Hits" was more ambivalent, writing that the band members "'woo-woo' and 'hee-up-up' in best vocal back-up mode, the rhythm trundling on amid organ stabs.
Very slick, very commercial."
When the song was released on the album "True", Ira Robbins of "Trouser Press" noted that the LP's "two impressive numbers, 'Communication' and 'Lifeline', both match stylish presentation with solid songwriting and a modicum of soulful crooning."
The editors of "Record Business" credited Jolley and Swain for the band having "cut out the self-indulgent frills which threatened to submerge them" and thought "Communication" was "a fair example of the new Ballet style, a very direct and simple song executed with no little flair."
In "Rip It Up" magazine, Mark Phillips reviewed the 12-inch single and warned, "There is no denying this is a good song, but suffering the 12-inch is almost a chore.
Some horrific echo-dub passages ruin the opening bars and, although it gets better, you'd be wise to stick with the album version."
Release and commercial performance.
"Communication" was released on 4 February 1983 and peaked at number 12 in the UK, number 10 in New Zealand, number 13 in Ireland, number 19 in Sweden, and number 24 in Australia.
The 7-inch single for "Communication" was not released there until after "True" and "Gold", the third and fourth singles from the "True" album, completed their chart runs, debuting on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the 31 March 1984 issue and peaking at number 59 over the course of 7 weeks.
The album was released in the UK on 4 March 1983, and debuted on the UK Albums Chart on 12 March, the same week that "Communication" peaked at number 12.
Music video.
During the filming of the promotional clip for "Communication", Kemp told Betty Page of "Record Mirror", "We were totally fed up with video and its cliches.
We wanted a more physical thing, so we thought, let's make it a proper film, have a minute's dialogue on the front, give it titles, make it a whole package and go one step ahead of everything that's been done."
Page described the video as "an action-packed clip planned to look like an episode of "The Professionals"", and Kemp called it "a gritty "Sweeney"-esque film."
Although Chris Springhall directed the video, Kemp assisted with both the writing and directing.
Lead singer Tony Hadley was the only band member to appear in it, and Kemp explained that it was because "we were concerned that our singer's profile wasn't as high as it should have been".
He divulged that his brother, band bassist Martin Kemp, was "quietly seething" over not being in it.
Hadley played a professional photographer hired to take pictures of a transaction that takes place on the Woolwich Ferry.
The man requesting the work was played by former professional boxer John Conteh, who admitted to watching "The Long Good Friday" four times in preparation for the role.
"Quadrophenia" actress Leslie Ash portrayed the love interest.
For the car chase from the ferry after the photographer has taken the pictures requested, Hadley did his own stunt driving.
"Communication" was listed on the reports that MTV provided to "Billboard" that indicated what videos were in rotation on the cable network and made its first appearance there in the 25 February 1984 issue, which indicated that it had been added to their playlist as of 15 February.
Sheila Kay West (born September 15, 1946) is an American ophthalmologist who is the El-Maghraby Professor of Preventive Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute.
She is also the vice-chair for Research.
Early life and education.
West was born in Salt Lake City.
She started her academic career at the University of California, Santa Barbara, then moved to the California State University, East Bay for graduate studies, before joining the UCSF Medical Center.
She worked toward her first doctorate in pharmacy at the University of California, San Francisco, then moved to the Johns Hopkins University for her second doctorate, where she majored in epidemiology and studied congenital heart defects.
Research and career.
After her PhD she was appointed program director of pharmaceutical studies.
After four years teaching medicine in the University of the Philippines, West returned to the United States.
She developed a surveillance system to monitor disparities in eye health, vision loss and access to ophthalmology.
She became interested in cataract, the leading cause of vision impairment.
She was the first to report the relationship between nuclear cataracts and smoking.
Her research informed the Surgeon General of the United States's report on smoking and eye disease.
In 2001, she was the first woman to be made President of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
West launched the Salisbury Eye Study, a longitudinal study of people on the Delmarva Peninsula.
The population were racially diverse, and West identified differences in age-related macular generation between Americans of different ethnicities.
This study prompted her interest in health disparities.
She identified that the leading cause of blindness among Mexican Americans was glaucoma.
Alongside her work on cataracts, West was interested in the most common source of infectious eye disease, trachoma.
She demonstrated that face washing is a simple and effective strategy to get rid of trachoma.
Her efforts on trachoma started in Tanzania.
She evaluated the success of trichiasis surgical techniques, and contributed to the World Health Organization's SAFE strategy.
Clanculus rubicundus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.
Description.
The narrowly umbilicated, rubicund shell has a globose-conic shape.
Its whorls are rounded, separated by canaliculate sutures and elegantly granose-cingulate.
The umbilicus shows a white, crenate margin.
The columella is thick, twisted, incised above, and passes into a thick tooth below.
The lip is thickened, sulcate within, and splendidly pearly.
This is a beautiful species, allied to "Clanculus corallinus" , but much more slender.
The elevated riblets are densely crenate and the interstices canaliculate.
The spiral riblets on the penultimate whorl number four, on the last whorl inclusive of the base of the shell, 12 to 14.
The color is uniform ruddy or scarlet, variegated with white in the umbilical region.
Distribution.
He has worked extensively on the Italian Upper Palaeolithic.
Palma di Cesnola defined the , one of the earliest modern human traditions in Europe, and is responsible for popularising the term Epigravettian for describing Upper Palaeolithic assemblages in Italy after the Last Glacial Maximum, a term coined by in 1958.
The village is located in the historical region Galicia.
The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST) is a Thai state agency, founded in 1972.
Its responsibilities include the development of national science and mathematics curricula, and sponsorship of science education, as well as the promotion of science in general.
The visual magnitude of this star is reduced by 0.38 because of extinction from interstellar dust.
It is 0.05 degree north of the ecliptic, so can be occulted by the moon and planets.
With an estimated age of 282 million years, it is an evolved, thin disk star that is currently on the red horizontal branch.
The interferometry-measured angular diameter of this star is , which, at its estimated distance, equates to a physical radius of nearly 16 times the radius of the Sun.
In the Cook Islands, a traditional story is told of twins who flee their parents into the sky and become the pair of stars Omega2 and Omega1 Scorpii.
The girl, who is called Piri-ere-ua "Inseparable", keeps tight hold of her brother, who is not named.
(The IAU used a version of this story from Tahiti to name Mu2 Scorpii.)
The film starred Balachander, Gokul Raj, Anusha Rai, and Priyanka in lead roles.
Puneeth Rajkumar and Sri Murali has also sung one song.
Plot.
The story revolves around two differently-minded friends named Ajay and Sanjay.
They each have different plans, goals and their own views of ethics.
Ajay wants to plan his life and go along with it, while Sanjay is an easy-going person who enjoys his life the way it ends up being.
Both meet with their love in their journey.
The movie concludes with the one on the right path.
Soundtrack.
The music is scored by Satish Mourya.
The soundtrack was released on 8 November 2017, and featured 7 tracks.
Herbert was the son of William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis, and his wife Eleanor Percy (d. 1650).
He was named after the surname of his maternal grandfather Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland and belonged to a recusant (i. e. Roman Catholic) branch of the Herbert family living in Powis Castle.
In 1621 Herbert was elected member of parliament for Shaftesbury at a by-election after the previously elected member was expelled.
He was knighted on 7 November 1622, and was created a baronet on 16 November 1622.
Herbert inherited the title Baron Powis on the death of his father in 1655.
Marriage and issue.
On 19 November 1622 Herbert married Elizabeth Craven (bap.
Andrew Pearce (born 20 April 1966) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender.
He also helped them reach the semi-finals of the Football League Cup in the 1993-94 season, when they also finished seventh in the FA Premier League.
As a member of Shuchishin and Aladdin, he appears regularly on the variety show "Quiz!
Hexagon II".
Tsuruno married his former stylist in 2003.
They have two sons named an unnamed son (born June 6, 2016) and three daughters named , , and .
He named his albums after his daughters, and after recording his first album and before the birth of his third daughter he mused naming an album after his son such that it was called .
Tsuruno is currently represented with Ohta Production.
Personal life.
Gymnopilus squalidus is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.
He finished his secondary education in 1895, and graduated with the cand.theol. degree in 1901.
He was a curate in Stavanger Cathedral from 1902, then curate in the Diocese of Nidaros from 1905.
From 1909 to 1914 he was vicar in Vestnes, and in 1916 he was appointed curate in the Diocese of Kristiania with special responsibility to hold ceremonies in Nynorsk.
His brother Klaus Sletten and nephew Vegard Sletten were both active in the Nynorsk movement.
Sletten was married to Aagot Hansen from Kristiania from September 1902 to her death in January 1912.
He later married Elvine Staven, a farmer's daughter from Namdalseid, in September 1936.
Sletten was also an accomplished choral musician in his day.
He was educated at the University of Indonesia, Jakarta (B.A., M.S.
He is currently an Emeritus Professor of the University of Indonesia.
He is the son of Dr. Sudarsono, who was Minister of Home Affairs and Minister for Social Affairs in the late 1940s in the Second Sjahrir Cabinet.
5 de Septiembre is a Cuban newspaper which is controlled by the state.
It is published in Spanish, with online English, Portuguese and French pages.
Castlemans Ferry is an unincorporated community on the Shenandoah River in Clarke County, Virginia.
State Route 7 crosses the Shenandoah via the Castlemans Ferry Bridge here.
History.
David D. Casselman was probably born near Albany, New York about 1734.
Around the year 1750 the family moved to Hampshire County, Virginia, where his father Andreas and his older brother William had received land grants from Lord Fairfax of Virginia on August 23, 1749.
Their name was changed to Castleman on the paperwork for the land grants.
Around 1756, David married Margaret Johnson, born about 1737 in Virginia.
Margaret descended on her mother's side from the Hampton family (for whom Hampton, Virginia is named).
"Glen Owen" was located in Frederick County, Virginia (now Clarke County, Virginia), about three miles east of Berryville, between Berryville and Bluemont on the west bank of the Shenandoah River, on what is today's "Historic Scenic Highway" State Route 7.
His son David Jr. at one time operated a ferry service across the Shenandoah River near there and the bridge that eventually replaced the ferry service was officially named the "Castlemans Ferry Bridge".
Castlemans Ferry was the site of the 1864 Battle of Cool Spring during the American Civil War.
Johnstonella angustifolia is a species of wildflower in the borage family known by several common names, including Panamint catseye and bristlelobe cryptantha.
This plant is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States from California to Texas, where it grows in desert scrub and woodland.
Description.
"Johnstonella angustifolia" is an annual herb usually under half a meter in height and covered in long hairs and bristles.
It has a number of small linear leaves mostly toward the base of the plant.
The erect stems are covered by inflorescences in a cane-shaped curl similar to the flowers of fiddlenecks.
Mike Russell Parker (1929 - February 23, 2014) was a British-born American typographer and type designer.
Parker is known for rediscovering a "nameless Roman" type font and preparing it as a "Starling series" for Font Bureau.
Life and career.
Parker was born in London in 1929, the son of a geologist Russell Johnson Parker.
Russell Parker was murdered in the 1949 bombing of Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108.
He had intended to follow his father into the profession, but was prevented from doing do due to colorblindness.
He attended Yale University.
He graduated with a degree in architecture and a master's in design.
He then worked at the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp.
Under Parker's leadership over 1,000 typefaces, including Helvetica, were added to the library making them available wherever Linotype equipment was in use, including complete series of Hebrew and Greek scripts.
Parker was responsible for bringing in internationally known designers such as Matthew Carter, Adrian Frutiger and Hermann Zapf.
The result was a library that became the standard of the industry.
In 1981, Parker and Matthew Carter co-founded Bitstream Inc, a type design company, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
While revenues from the sale of typesetting equipment were dwindling, they recognized a business opportunity in the design and sale of type itself, due to the changing technologies that allowed type to be independent of equipment.
Bitstream, largely financed through prepayment for the type library by several newly formed imagesetting companies, developed a library of digital type that could be licensed for use by anyone.
Bitstream was highly successful during the 1980s when digital design and production, desktop publishing and personal computer use became virtually universal in the Western World.
Parker was featured in the film "Helvetica", a feature-length independent film about typography, graphic design and global visual culture.
He wrote the introduction for the re-issue of Stanley Morison's "A Tally of Types", published by David Godine.
In mid-1990, Parker, along with Victor Spindler, a professional graphic designer, founded Pages Software Inc to create a design-oriented desktop publishing software package.
Venture funding was secured by the end of 1991, and the product -- Pages by Pages -- shipped in March 1994 for the NeXTSTEP platform.
Over the next 14 months, successive commercial versions were released, including a web-page editor.
However, the small NeXTSTEP installed base was insufficient to support the company, and it closed its doors in mid-1995.
Upon the closing of Pages Software in 1995, Parker licensed the Pages patent to Design Intelligence in Seattle and joined the company as an in-house consultant.
In 2000, Design Intelligence was bought by Microsoft.
With that, Parker had come full circle, he had completed a process that began with Gutenberg's transformation of flexible but laborious calligraphy into modular fonts of movable type, and ended with similar digital modules of expert design that guide all aspects of a whole document's appearance.
In 1994, Parker published evidence that the design of Times New Roman, credited to Stanley Morison in 1931 was based on Starling Burgess' 1904 drawings for Lanston Monotype Foundry.
This publication attracted the attention of Roger Black, noted design director and former avid Linotype customer, and David Berlow former colleague at both Linotype and Bitstream.
Parker joined their co-founded company, the Font Bureau, as a Consultant, Type Historian and Type Designer.
In 2009, Parker released "Starling", a Roman font with a matching italic series based on the 1904 design of William Starling Burgess.
In mathematics, Goldie's theorem is a basic structural result in ring theory, proved by Alfred Goldie during the 1950s.
Goldie's theorem states that the semiprime right Goldie rings are precisely those that have a semisimple Artinian right classical ring of quotients.
In particular, Goldie's theorem applies to semiprime right Noetherian rings, since by definition right Noetherian rings have the ascending chain condition on "all" right ideals.
This is sufficient to guarantee that a right-Noetherian ring is right Goldie.
A consequence of Goldie's theorem, again due to Goldie, is that every semiprime principal right ideal ring is isomorphic to a finite direct sum of prime principal right ideal rings.
Every prime principal right ideal ring is isomorphic to a matrix ring over a right Ore domain.
Sketch of the proof.
This is a sketch of the characterization mentioned in the introduction.
It aired on September 27, 2019 on CBS.
The story for the episode was written by Peter M. Lenkov and the teleplay was written by David Wolkove and Matt Wheeler.
The episode was directed by Duane Clark.
Plot.
In the Five-0 offices Lou shoots and kills Azra, Omar Hassan's wife.
Meanwhile, Jerry was shot by Azra and Steve begins tending to his wounds.
Two weeks later Jerry is recovering in the hospital and begins thinking about moving on to other things.
While Junior and Tani are at an opera show they witness a murder-for-hire hit on a Chinese triad leader.
Steve and Danny engage in a firefight with the hitman but he escapes.
Adam finds out that a woman at a bar asked as if anyone had seen the suspect and leaves a phone number.
They track the phone number and find Quinn Liu, a staff sergeant with Army CID who had been recently demoted to Military Police for insubordination, who informs them that two military veterans had recently gone missing.
At a local hospital the stolen car was found along with a trail of blood leading to a doctor's parking spot who didn't show up for work.
The doctor's car is tracked to a warehouse where Five-0 along with the Honolulu Police Department (HPD) plan to raid but the hitman commits suicide before they can arrest him.
Upon searching his phone they find out he had an accomplice who plans on carrying out more hits.
Adam gets a meeting with Yakuza leaders in an attempt to find out who could possibly be behind the hits.
The hitman's accomplice attempts to carry out the hit on Masuda, one of the leaders.
When HPD backup arrives the partner escapes without performing the hit.
Quinn later shoots and kills him when he attempts to perform a final hit.
At Kamekona's shrimp truck Steve informs Quinn that the District Attorney decided not to pursue charges due to lack of evidence and Steve asks her if she would be interested in pursuing the case further with him which she accepts.
Also, Jerry informs the team that he decided to move on from Five-0 to write a book that he didn't want to put off until it's too late.
At Steve's house an unknown figure is seen putting a small explosive in Steve's "Champ" tool box that had belonged to his father John.
Production.
The episode was the second filmed episode of the season, after "Ka 'i'o".
Casting.
The episode marked the final appearance for series regular Jorge Garcia, who played Jerry Ortega, in the series.
Garcia, who had played Ortega since the fourth season and became a series regular in the fifth season, remained for the episode allowing for his story line to be wrapped up.
The door was left open for Garcia to return as a guest character later in the series.
The episode also marks the first appearance for Katrina Law who joined as a series regular to replace Garcia.
Law was cast as Quinn Liu, a former Army CID Staff Sergeant demoted for insubordination.
Despite being credited in the opening title sequence Kimee Balmilero did not appear in the episode.
Reception.
Viewing figures.
In the United States the episode was watched live by 7.03 million viewers.
Within seven days, the episode was watched by a total of 9.72 million viewers.
Critical response.
Events from the year 1648 in England.
The Allen Ranch, or Sam Allen Ranch, was one of the first and longest running ranches in the history of the state of Texas in the United States.
The ranch was started a few years after the Texas Revolution in what is now southeast Houston and Pasadena.
The ranch itself extended from Clear Lake to Harrisburg (in modern east Houston).
The cattle range covered much of southeast Harris County and Galveston County covering many of the modern communities around Galveston Bay.
The financial success of the Allen Ranch and its associated businesses substantially influenced the early development of Houston, Harrisburg and Pasadena, and contributed significantly to Galveston's economy in the 19th century.
Beginnings.
As a young man Samuel W. Allen (no relation to the Allen Brothers who founded Houston) came to the newly established Republic of Texas in 1842 in search of opportunity.
He arrived at the young town of Harrisburg (modern east Houston) and soon after married into the Thomas family which had come to Texas as part of Stephen F. Austin's original colony.
Usurping the traditional lands of the Karankawa, Atakapa, and Akokisa tribes, he utilized the land from the Thomas grant which was located along the Buffalo Bayou between Harrisburg and Galveston Bay (what is now Pasadena) Sam Allen launched a cattle ranch in 1844.
His cattle range extended much farther down the shoreline of the bay.
Like many ranchers in Texas, Allen began his herd by gathering Longhorn cattle, descended from Spanish cattle brought to the New World, which ran wild throughout Texas.
Allen's herd grew rapidly such that by the 1860s had gained exclusive shipping rights for cattle to New Orleans and Cuba from the Morgan Lines, Texas' first steamship company, which was later to become a major factor in establishing Houston as an important Texas port and railroad shipping center.
Boom times.
Allen's fortunes grew rapidly after the American Civil War.
Through partnerships and acquisitions Allen's main ranch expanded and he gained ranch lands in other areas of the state.
He established processing plants for cattle hides and tallow along the Buffalo Bayou near his range as well as Galveston.
The Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad was built through the Allen Ranch in the 1850s and later the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway and the La Porte, Houston and Northern Railroad.
The ranch's docks along the Buffalo Bayou became major shipping points and helped contribute to the growth of what would become the Houston Ship Channel.
The ranch even had its own private railway station known as "El Buey."
After the Civil War, Texas Jack Omohundro got his first job in Texas cooking for cowboys on the Allen Ranch before working his way up to working cowboy and finally trail boss.
He would later find fame in Ned Buntline's play The Scouts of the Prairie alongside his friend and partner Buffalo Bill Cody.
Omohundro wrote about his time as a cowboy for the Allen Ranch in the Spirit of the Times, which was later reprinted in programes and brochures for Buffalo Bill's Wild West.
Sam W. Allen's son, Samuel E. Allen, took over management of the ranch and, though some of Sam W. Allen's other business ventures failed, the Allen Ranch continued to prosper and grow.
It was the largest ranch in the region and one of the largest in the state.
By 1900 the Allen Ranch comprised over largely in Harris County with pastures in Galveston County and other surrounding counties.
The main portions of the ranch covered much of modern Pasadena, southeast Houston, Clear Lake City, La Porte, and other areas.
The Allens invested heavily in area business development, in Galveston and Harrisburg, and then later Houston (notably they founded the Oriental Textile Mills, once the world's largest press cloth manufacturer in the cotton industry).
They were also wealthy socialites known throughout the region.
Modern era.
Following Sam E. Allen's death in 1913, much of the family's ranch holdings were sold off to new development around Pasadena and the growing city of Houston.
Sam E. Allen's son, Sam M. Allen, continued to operate the remaining portion on the main ranch in Harris County as well as the ranch lands in Brazoria County.
Following Sam M. Allen's death in 1947, the remainder of the ranch was liquidated.
Torneo Apertura.
Squad.
Regular season.
Apertura 2011 results.
Squad.
Regular season.
Clausura 2012 results.
Raymond Pulis (born 21 November 1964) is a former footballer, who played in the English Football League for Newport County where he made one Football League appearance.
He later joined Trowbridge Town.
His brother Tony is also a former professional footballer and later went into management.
Career.
He then played in a Football League Group Cup match at Chester City, being injured late in the game.
He made several appearances that season for the Wales Youth team under manager Mike England.
He left the club the following season following a dispute in which the club were told to reinstate his contract, but he instead joined non-league Trowbridge Town.
He rejoined the reformed Newport club in January 1993, scoring four goals in 34 appearances.
Pulis is currently chairman of Pill AFC.
Encrinuridae is a family of trilobite within the order Phacopida that lived in what would be Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America from the middle Ordovician to the early Devonian from , existing for approximately .
Taxonomy.
Encrinuridae was named by Angelin (1854).
It was assigned to Phacopida by Gregory Edgecombe (1994).
Fossils were found in strata dating from the Arenig to Lochkovian ages.
The son of wealthy art collectors, he managed The Phillips Collection, a museum founded by his parents.
Under his leadership, the museum increased its collection, underwent expansion projects and received substantial financial support.
Prior to his career as a museum director, Phillips served during World War II, worked as an analyst for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and co-founded a local magazine.
Early life.
Laughlin Phillips, nicknamed Loc, was born in Washington, D.C. in 1924, the son of Duncan Phillips, an art collector and critic, and Marjorie Acker Phillips, a painter.
He had one sibling, Mary Marjorie, born in 1922, who contracted encephalitis at a young age and was institutionalized.
According to Phillips, "she was severely brain damaged and never got beyond being four years old."
Phillips was named after his great-grandfather, James H. Laughlin, co-founder of the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company and chair of the Pittsburgh National Bank (a precursor to PNC Financial Services).
Three years prior to Phillips' birth, Duncan and Marjorie founded the Phillips Memorial Gallery, the United States' first museum of modern art.
The museum was located in the Phillips' home, a Georgian Revival house in Dupont Circle where Laughlin spent his early childhood.
In 1930, the family moved to another house, Dunmarlin, a mansion on Foxhall Road NW designed by architect John Russell Pope, to increase the museum's gallery space.
During his childhood, Dunmarlin was a noted meeting place for diplomats, politicians and artists.
Phillips attended special events and exhibits, including a photography exhibit where his own work was displayed.
He was chauffeured each day to St. Albans School, an elite private school where he graduated in 1942.
Career.
Following his graduation, Phillips attended Yale University, his father's alma mater, for one year before serving in World War II.
Phillips conducted two months of training at Camp Ritchie, Maryland and joined the ranks of the Ritchie Boys for his time there.
He was an Army intelligence officer in the Pacific theater and earned a Bronze Star Medal.
After the war, Phillips attended the University of Chicago using benefits provided by the G.I.
Bill.
He began working for the CIA after earning a Master of Philosophy degree.
Around this time Phillips married Elizabeth Hood with whom he had two children, Duncan and Liza.
The couple later divorced and he married his second wife, Jennifer Stats Cafritz.
While working for the CIA, Phillips was stationed in several locations, including Saigon and Tehran.
He left the CIA and in 1965 co-founded the "Washingtonian" magazine, a venture with his former college roommate and CIA colleague, Robert J. Myers.
Following his father's death in 1966, Phillips began serving as board chairman of the museum.
His mother was the director of the museum until 1972, when Phillips assumed the role.
He sold his stake in the magazine in 1979 to devote all of his time to The Phillips Collection, at the time a "deteriorating jewel box of a museum", calling it "a family responsibility."
During his tenure as director of The Phillips Collection, Phillips "administrative skill helped guide" the museum into a "far more financially stable position."
He oversaw the expansion of the museum's collection, including key purchases of works by Pierre Bonnard, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso and Jackson Pollock.
Phillips also oversaw the expansion of the museum's facilities, including a renovation in 1983 and the addition of the Goh Annex in 1989, doubling the museum's space.
He "supervised multi-million dollar fundraising campaigns, starting charging admission, established corporate and personal membership programs, and sought arts endowment grants that the museum had seldom if ever pursued."
Phillips worked for fifteen years to help establish the museum's Center for the Study of Modern Art, "an interdisciplinary forum for scholarly discussion, research, and publication on issues of production."
For his successful efforts at improving the museum, Phillips was named a "Washingtonian of the Year" by "Washingtonian" magazine.
He retired as museum director in 1992, and for the first time in its history, the museum was managed by someone other than a Phillips family member.
Later years.
Phillips continued serving as the museum's chairman of the board until March 2002.
He and his wife, Jennifer, moved to Washington, Connecticut, a few years before his death in 2010 from prostate cancer.
Pseudoboehmite is an aluminium compound with the chemical composition AlO(OH).
It consists of finely crystalline boehmite.
However, the water content is higher than in boehmite.
History.
Calvet et al. coined the name "pseudoboehmite" in 1952 when they synthesized pure aluminium hydroxyde gel.
Its XRD pattern is similar to that of boehmite but the relative intensities of the peaks differ.
Morphology.
Pseudoboehmite is essentially finely crystalline boehmite which consists of the same or similar octahedral layers in the xz plane but lacks three-dimensional order because of a restricted number of unit cells in y direction.
It consists of a significant number of crystallites which contain a single unit cell along y or single octahedral layers.
It contains more water which is commonly intercalated between octahedral layers, normally randomly arranged, but sometimes regularly.
The water content consists of adsorbed and chemically bound water.
The higher water content compared to boehmite can be explained by a smaller crystallite size.
While boehmite consists of relatively long AlOOH chains that have terminal H2O groups, the chains in pseudoboehmite are significantly shorter.
Synthesis.
Pseudoboehmite can be synthesized by aging non-crystalline aluminium hydroxide gels at pH values between 5.0 and 7.4.
Uses.
Pseudoboehmite is used as binder for FCC catalysts and adsorbents.
Me and Me Moke is a 1916 British silent comedy film directed by Harold M. Shaw and starring Edna Flugrath, Gerald Ames and Hubert Willis.
Inverin (, meaning "mouth of the river") is a Gaeltacht village between Baile na hAbhann and Minna in County Galway, Ireland.
"Cumann Forbartha Chois Fharraige" is a local development association founded in 1966.
An Irish language book club in the village, Club Leabhar Chois Fharraige, meets monthly.
The settlement was established by William Thomas Carpenter early in 1890 to provide the miners who worked in his two Book Cliff mines with a place to live.
He began building shacks to house his single miners and later erected small houses for the employees with families.
As a result of the town's rapid growth, a request to the U.S. post office to establish a branch there in June 1890 was quickly obliged and the community was officially dubbed Carpenter.
However, the town never attained a population of over 50, and the post office closed after one year.
Book Cliff company stone cutters and masons constructed several buildings and many foundations at Carpenter, using stone from the company quarry near the cliffs.
One of the finest examples of a building made of Book Cliff sandstone is the Fruita, Colorado Catholic church.
Several years of prosperity followed the arrival of the Little Book Cliff Railway at the townsite in 1892.
Carpenter began to formulate big plans for his village.
He envisioned it as a tourist resort complete with hotel, dance pavilion, picnic areas, and even a lake that was to be fed by a spring located near his Book Cliff mines.
Carpenter renamed the camp "Poland Spring" after a noted resort of that name in Maine.
It was variously referred to as Polen, Pollen, and Polan Springs, although Carpenter's intended name was evidenced by his having it emblazoned on the side of one of his railroad excursion cars.
The resort plans were never completed because Carpenter went broke shortly after the Panic of 1893.
Isaac Chauncey Wyman, a wealthy Massachusetts investor, became the next owner of the Book Cliff company.
The town continued to enjoy an active existence because he did much to improve the mines and thus created a need for additional employees.
The old eating house, referred to as the "Hotel de Carpenter" on occasion, was converted into a school and church for the camp's inhabitants, and many company structures were rebuilt and improved during Wyman's tenure as owner.
The new name "Book Cliff" was applied to the town but did not adhere any better than did Poland Springs.
In his will, Wyman left the town, railroad, and mines to Princeton University.
Princeton managed everything for 15 years then decided to abandon it all in 1925.
By the end of that summer nearly everything had been sold, dismantled, and hauled away.
References.
Henry Tunis Smith Farm, also known as the Middlebrook Farm, is a historic farmhouse located at Nassau in Rensselaer County, New York.
The house was built in 1789 in the Federal style.
It consists of a -story main block, five bays wide, with a 1-story, three-bay wing.
The front facade features a finely detailed frieze.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. miles comprising the present Albany, Columbia and Rensselaer counties.
The Dutch Patroon Stephen Van Rensselaer devised a solution to sustain the financial viability of the land without selling it.
He divided the estate into parcels and granted tenants perpetual leases at moderate rates of about one percent of the land's output.
Eventually, about 900 farms of 150 acres were established.
The solution greatly increased the productivity for the land and generated large economic benefit for the entire Albany area.
Germany competed at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 18 June to 3 July.
The age of criminal responsibility in Europe refers to the age below which an individual is considered to be unsuitable for being held accountable for their criminal offence, and in this case, how it is handled under different areas of European jurisdiction.
In the United States it is also known as "defense of infancy".
The most common age of criminal responsibility in Europe is 14.
Norway.
De jure.
Everyone aged 16 and above can be sent to prison and get equal punishment as an adult.
If they choose to detain them at a police station, they can be detained for a maximum of 4 hours.
This can only happen if the criminal is under the age of 18.
De facto.
People under the age of 18 rarely gets imprisoned.
There are rarely more than 10 people under the age of 18 imprisoned in Norway.
This is because judges rarely finds it ethical to imprison youths, and the organization "Barneombudet" which advises heavily against imprisoning youths.
First-time criminals under the age of 18 doing petty crimes usually get no punishment and get released with only a warning.
Portugal.
Persons under the age of 16 cannot be held criminally liable.
Burrar Islet is an island locality in the Torres Strait Island Region, Queensland, Australia.
The locality consists of a single island, Bet Islet, also known as Burrar Islet.
In the , Burrar Islet had a population of 0 people.
Burrar Islet's postcode is 4875.
Geography.
There is no infrastructure on the island.
History.
The Beaver Wars (), also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars () were a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th century in North America throughout the Saint Lawrence River valley in Canada and the lower Great Lakes region which pitted the Iroquois against the Hurons, northern Algonquians and their French allies.
The Iroquois sought to expand their territory and to monopolize the fur trade with European markets.
They originally were a confederacy of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes inhabiting the lands in what is now Upstate New York along the shores of Lake Ontario east to Lake Champlain and Lake George on the Hudson river, and the lower-estuary of the Saint Lawrence River.
The Iroquois Confederation led by the Mohawks mobilized against the largely Algonquian-speaking tribes and Iroquoian-speaking Huron and related tribes of the Great Lakes region.
The Iroquois effectively destroyed several large tribal confederacies, including the Mohicans, Huron (Wyandot), Neutral, Erie, Susquehannock (Conestoga), and northern Algonquins, with the extreme brutality and exterminatory nature of the mode of warfare practised by the Iroquois causing some historians to label these wars as acts of genocide committed by the Iroquois Confederacy.
They became dominant in the region and enlarged their territory, realigning the American tribal geography.
The Iroquois gained control of the New England frontier and Ohio River valley lands as hunting ground from about 1670 onward.
Both Algonquian and Iroquoian societies were greatly disrupted by these wars.
The conflict subsided when the Iroquois lost their Dutch allies in the colony of New Netherland after the English took it over in 1664, along with Fort Amsterdam and the town of New Amsterdam on the island of Manhattan.
The French then attempted to gain the Iroquois as an ally against the English, but the Iroquois refused to break their alliance, and frequently fought against the French in the 18th century.
The Anglo-Iroquois alliance would reach its zenith during the French and Indian War of 1754, which saw the French being largely expelled from North America.
The wars and subsequent commercial trapping of beavers was devastating to the local beaver population.
Trapping continued to spread across North America, extirpating or severely reducing populations across the continent.
The natural ecosystems that came to rely on the beavers for dams, water and other vital needs were also devastated leading to ecological destruction, environmental change, and drought in certain areas.
Beaver populations in North America would take centuries to recover in some areas, while others would never recover.
Background.
French explorer Jacques Cartier in the 1540s made the first written records of the Indians in America, although French explorers and fishermen had traded in the region near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River estuary a decade before then for valuable furs.
Cartier wrote of encounters with the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, also known as the "Stadaconan" or "Laurentian" people who occupied several fortified villages, including "Stadacona" and "Hochelaga".
He recorded an on-going war between the Stadaconans and another tribe known as the "Toudaman".
Wars and politics in Europe distracted French efforts at colonization in the St. Lawrence Valley until the beginning of the 17th century, when they founded Quebec in 1608.
The causes remain unclear, although some anthropologists and historians have suggested that the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy destroyed or drove out the St. Lawrence Iroquoians.
Before 1603, Champlain had formed an alliance against the Iroquois, as he decided that the French would not trade firearms to them.
The northern Indigenous provided the French with valuable furs, and the Iroquois interfered with that trade.
The first battle with the Iroquois in 1609 was fought at Champlain's initiative.
Champlain wrote, "I had come with no other intention than to make war".
He and his Huron and Algonkin allies fought a pitched battle against the Mohawks on the shores of Lake Champlain.
Champlain single-handedly killed two chiefs with his arquebus despite the war chiefs' "arrowproof body armor made of plaited sticks", after which the Mohawk withdrew in disarray.
In 1610, Champlain and his French companions helped the Algonquins and the Hurons defeat a large Iroquois raiding party.
In 1615, he joined a Huron raiding party and took part in a siege on an Iroquois town, probably among the Onondaga south of Lake Ontario in New York.
The attack ultimately failed, and Champlain was injured.
Dutch competition.
This gave the Iroquois direct access to European markets via the Mohawks.
The Dutch trading efforts and eventual colonies in New Jersey and Delaware soon also established trade with the coastal Delaware tribe (Lenape) and the more southerly Susquehannock tribe.
The Dutch founded Fort Nassau in 1614 and its 1624 replacement Fort Orange (both at Albany) which removed the Iroquois' need to rely on the French and their allied tribes or to travel through southern tribal territories to reach European traders.
The Dutch supplied the Mohawks and other Iroquois with guns.
In addition, the new post offered valuable tools that the Iroquois could receive in exchange for animal pelts. they began large-scale hunting for furs to satisfy demand among their peoples for new products.
At this time, conflict began to grow between the Iroquois Confederacy and the tribes supported by the French.
The Iroquois inhabited the region of New York south of Lake Ontario and west of the Hudson River.
Their lands were surrounded on all sides but the south by Algonquian-speaking tribes, all traditional enemies, including the Shawnee to the west in the Ohio Country, the Neutral Nation and Huron confederacies on the western shore of Lake Ontario and southern shore of Lake Huron to the west, and the Susquehannock to their south.
These tribes were historically competitive with and sometimes enemies of the Iroquois, who had Five Nations in their confederacy.
Beaver Wars begin.
In 1628, the Mohawks defeated the Mohicans, pushing them east of the Hudson River and establishing a monopoly of trade with the Dutch at Fort Orange, New Netherland.
The Susquehannocks were also well armed by Dutch traders, and they effectively reduced the strength of the Delawares and managed to win a protracted war with Maryland colonists.
By the 1630s, the Iroquois had become fully armed with European weaponry through their trade with the Dutch.
The Iroquois relied on the trade for firearms and other highly valued European goods for their livelihood and survival.
They used their growing expertise with the arquebus to good effect in their continuing wars with the Algonquins and Hurons, and other traditional enemies.
The French, meanwhile, outlawed the trading of firearms to their Indian allies, though they occasionally gave arquebuses as gifts to individuals who converted to Christianity.
The Iroquois attacked their traditional enemies the Algonquins, Mahicans, Montagnais, and Hurons, and the alliance of these tribes with the French quickly brought the Iroquois into conflict directly with them.
The expansion of the fur trade with Europe brought a decline in the beaver population in the region, and the animal had largely disappeared from the Hudson Valley by 1640.
"American Heritage Magazine" notes that the growing scarcity of the beaver in the lands controlled by the Iroquois in the middle 17th century accelerated the wars.
The center of the fur trade shifted north to the colder regions of southern Ontario, an area controlled by the Neutral and Huron tribes who were close trading partners with the French.
Course of war.
With the decline of the beaver population, the Iroquois began to conquer their smaller neighbors.
They attacked the Wenro in 1638 and took all of their territory, and survivors fled to the Hurons for refuge.
The Wenro had served as a buffer between the Iroquois and the Neutral tribe and their Erie allies.
The Neutral and Erie tribes were considerably larger and more powerful than the Iroquois, so the Iroquois turned their attention to the north and the Dutch encouraged them in this strategy.
At that time, the Dutch were the Iroquois' primary European trading partners, with their goods passing through Dutch trading posts down the Hudson River.
As the Iroquois' sources of furs declined, however, so did the income of the trading posts.
Governor Montmagny rejected this proposal because it would imply abandonment of their Huron allies.
In the early 1640s, the war began in earnest with Iroquois attacks on frontier Huron villages along the St. Lawrence River in order to disrupt the trade with the French.
In 1645, the French called the tribes together to negotiate a treaty to end the conflict, and Iroquois leaders Deganaweida and Koiseaton traveled to New France to take part in the negotiations.
The French agreed to most of the Iroquois demands, granting them trading rights in New France.
The next summer, a fleet of 80 canoes traveled through Iroquois territory carrying a large harvest of furs to be sold in New France.
When they arrived, however, the French refused to purchase the furs and told the Iroquois to sell them to the Hurons, who would act as a middleman.
The Iroquois were outraged and resumed the war.
The French decided to become directly involved in the conflict.
The Huron and the Iroquois had an estimated 25,000 to 30,000 members each.
The Hurons and Susquehannocks formed an alliance to counter Iroquois aggression in 1647, and their warriors greatly outnumbered those of the Iroquois.
The Hurons tried to break the Iroquois Confederacy by negotiating a separate peace with the Onondaga and Cayuga tribes, but the other tribes intercepted their messengers and ended the negotiations.
During the summer of 1647, there were several small skirmishes between the tribes, but a more significant battle occurred in 1648 when the two Algonquin tribes passed a fur convoy through an Iroquois blockade.
They succeeded and inflicted high casualties on the Iroquois.
In the early 1650s, the Iroquois began attacking the French themselves, although some of the Iroquois tribes had peaceful relations with them, notably the Oneida and Onondaga tribes.
They were under control of the Mohawks, however, who were the strongest tribe in the Confederation and had animosity towards the French presence.
After a failed peace treaty negotiated by Chief Canaqueese, Iroquois moved north into New France along Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River, attacking and blockading Montreal.
By 1650, they controlled the area from the Virginia Colony in the south up to the St. Lawrence.
In the west, the Iroquois had driven the Algonquin-speaking Shawnee out of the Ohio Country and seized control of the Illinois Country as far west as the Mississippi River.
In January 1666, the French invaded the Iroquois and took Chief Canaqueese prisoner.
In September, they proceeded down the Richelieu but were unable to find an Iroquois army, so they burned their crops and homes.
Many Iroquois died from starvation in the following winter.
During the following years, the Iroquois strengthened their confederacy to work more closely and create an effective central leadership, and the five tribes ceased fighting among themselves by the 1660s.
They also easily coordinated military and economic plans, and they increased their power as a result.
Indian raids were not constant, but they terrified the inhabitants of New France, and some of the heroes of French-Canadian folklore are individuals who stood up to such attacks.
Dollard des Ormeaux, for example, died in May 1660 while resisting an Iroquois raiding force at the Battle of Long Sault, the confluence of the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa Rivers, but saved Montreal by his actions.
Defeat of the Huron.
In 1648, the Dutch authorized selling guns directly to the Mohawks rather than through traders, and promptly sold 400 to the Iroquois.
The Confederacy sent 1,000 newly armed warriors through the woods to Huron territory with the onset of winter, and they launched a devastating attack into the heart of Huron territory, destroying several key villages, killing many warriors, and taking thousands of people captive for later adoption into the tribe.
Among those killed were Jesuit missionaries Jean Brebeuf, Charles Garnier, and Gabriel Lallemant, each of whom is considered a martyr of the Roman Catholic Church.
The surviving Hurons fled and were dispersed from their territory, some taking refuge with the Jesuits at Quebec, some assimilated and adopted by the Iroquois, others joined the Petun or Tobacco nation, another Iroquoian people to become the Wyandot.
The Ottawa tribe temporarily halted Iroquois expansion further northwest, but the Iroquois controlled a fur-rich region and had no more tribes blocking them from the French settlements in Canada.
Diseases had taken their toll on the Iroquois and neighbors in the years preceding the war, however, and their populations had drastically declined.
To replace lost warriors, they worked to integrate many of their captured enemies by adoption into their own tribes.
They invited Jesuits into their territory to teach those who had converted to Christianity.
The Jesuits also reached out to the Iroquois, many of whom converted to Roman Catholicism or intermingled its teachings with their own traditional beliefs.
Defeat of the Erie and Neutral.
The Iroquois attacked the Neutrals in 1650, and they completely drove the tribe from traditional territory by the end of 1651, killing or assimilating thousands.
The Neutrals had inhabited a territory ranging from the Niagara Peninsula westward to the Grand River valley.
In 1654, the Iroquois attacked the Erie tribe, but with less success.
The war lasted for two years, and the Iroquois destroyed the Erie confederacy by 1656, whose members refused to flee to the west.
The Erie territory was located on the southeastern shore of Lake Erie and was estimated to have 12,000 members in 1650.
The Iroquois were greatly outnumbered by the tribes that they subdued, but they achieved their victories through the use of firearms purchased from the Dutch.
French counterattack.
The Iroquois continued to control the countryside of New France, raiding to the edges of the walled settlements of Quebec and Montreal.
In May 1660, an Iroquois force of 160 warriors attacked Montreal and captured 17 French colonists.
The following year, 250 warriors attacked and took ten captives.
In 1661 and 1662, the Iroquois made several raids against the Abenakis who were allied with the French.
The French Crown ordered a change to the governing of Canada.
They put together a small military force made up of Frenchmen, Hurons, and Algonquins to counter the Iroquois raids, but the Iroquois attacked them when they ventured into the countryside.
Despite their victory, the Iroquois also suffered a significant number of casualties, and their leaders began to consider negotiating for peace with the French.
A change in administration led the New France government to authorize direct sale of arms and other military support to their Indian allies.
In 1664, the Dutch allies of the Iroquois lost control of their colony of New Netherland to the English.
In the immediate years after the Dutch defeat, European support waned for the Iroquois.
In January 1666, the French invaded the Iroquois homeland in New York.
His men were greatly outnumbered by the Iroquois and were forced to withdraw before any significant action could take place, but they took Chief Canaqueese prisoner.
The second invasion force was led by Alexandre de Prouville, the "Marquis de Tracy" and viceroy of New France, from his base in Quebec City.
The invasion force of about 1,300 men moved out in the fall of 1666.
They found the Mohawk villages deserted, so they destroyed the villages and their crops.
Prouville de Tracy seized all the Mohawk lands in the name of the king of France and forced the Mohawks to accept the Roman Catholic faith and to adopt the French language, as taught by Jesuit missionaries.
The Iroquois sued for peace and France agreed.
Peace with France and Iroquois expansion.
Once peace was achieved with the French, the Iroquois returned to their westward conquest in their continued attempt to take control of all the land between the Algonquins and the French.
Eastern tribes such as the Lakotas were pushed across the Mississippi onto the Great Plains in the early 18th century, where they adopted the horse culture and nomadic lifestyle for which they later became known.
Other refugees flooded the Great Lakes area, resulting in a conflict with existing tribes in the region.
In the Ohio Country, the Shawnee and Miami tribes were dominant.
The Iroquois quickly overran Shawnee holdings in central Ohio, forcing them to flee into Miami territory.
The Miamis were a powerful tribe and brought together a confederacy of their neighboring allies, including the Pottawatomie and the Illini confederation who inhabited Michigan and Illinois.
The majority of the fighting was between the Anishinaabeg Confederacy and the Iroquois Confederacy.
The Iroquois improved on their warfare as they continued to attack even farther from their home.
War parties often traveled by canoes at night, and they would sink their canoes and fill them with rocks to hold them on the river bottom.
They would then move through the woods to a target and burst from the wood to cause the greatest panic.
After the attack, they returned to their boats and left before any significant resistance could be put together.
The lack of firearms caused the Algonquin tribes the greatest disadvantage.
Despite their larger numbers, they were not centralized enough to mount a united defense and were unable to withstand the Iroquois.
Several tribes ultimately moved west beyond the Mississippi River, leaving much of the Ohio Valley, southern Michigan, and southern Ontario depopulated.
Several Anishinaabe forces numbering in the thousands remained to the north of Lakes Huron and Superior, and they were later decisive in rolling back the Iroquois advance.
From west of the Mississippi, displaced groups continued to arm war parties and attempt to retake their land.
Beginning in the 1670s, the French began to explore and settle the Ohio and Illinois Country from the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, and they established the post of Tassinong to trade with the western tribes.
The Iroquois destroyed it to retain control of the fur trade with the Europeans.
The Iroquois also drove the Mannahoac tribe out of the northern Virginia Piedmont region in 1670, and they claimed the land by right of conquest as a hunting ground.
The English acknowledged this claim in 1674 and again in 1684, but they acquired the land from the Iroquois by a 1722 treaty.
During a raid into the Illinois Country in 1689, the Iroquois captured numerous prisoners and destroyed a sizable Miami settlement.
The Miami asked for aid from others in the Anishinaabeg Confederacy, and a large force gathered to track down the Iroquois.
Using their new firearms, the Confederacy laid an ambush near South Bend, Indiana, and they attacked and destroyed most of the Iroquois party, and a large part of the region was left depopulated.
The Iroquois were unable to establish a permanent presence, as their tribe was unable to colonize the large area, and the Iroquois' brief control over the region was lost.
Many of the former inhabitants of the territory began to return.
Defeat of the Susquehannocks.
With the tribes destroyed to the north and west, the Iroquois turned their attention southward to the Susquehannocks.
They attained the peak of their influence in 1660, and they were able to use that to their advantage in the following decades.
The Susquehannocks had become allied with the colony of Maryland in 1661, as the colonists had grown fearful of the Iroquois and hoped that an alliance would help block the northern tribes' advance on the colonies.
In 1663, the Iroquois sent 800 warriors into the Susquehannock territory.
The Susquehannocks repulsed them, but the unprovoked attack prompted the colony of Maryland to declare war on the Iroquois.
By supplying Susquehannock forts with artillery, the Maryland colonists turned the tables on the Iroquois.
The Susquehannocks took the upper hand and began to invade Iroquois territory, where they caused significant damage.
This warfare continued intermittently for 11 years.
In 1674, the Maryland colonists changed their Indian policy, negotiated peace with the Iroquois, and terminated their alliance with the Susquehannocks.
In 1675, the militias of Virginia and Maryland captured and executed the Susquehannock chiefs, whose growing power they feared.
The Iroquois drove the warriors from traditional territory and absorbed the survivors in 1677.
Resumption of war with France.
English settlers began to move into the former Dutch territory of upper New York State, and the colonists began to form close ties with the Iroquois as an alliance in the face of French colonial expansion.
They began to supply the Iroquois with firearms as the Dutch had.
At the same time, New France's governor Louis de Buade tried to revive the western fur trade.
His efforts competed with those of the Iroquois to control the traffic and they started attacking the French again.
The war lasted ten years.
France lifted the ban on the sale of firearms to the Indians, and colonists quickly armed the Algonquin tribes, evening the odds between the Iroquois and their enemies.
With the renewal of hostilities, the militia of New France was strengthened after 1683 by a small force of regular French navy troops in the Compagnies Franches de la Marine, who constituted the longest serving unit of French regular troops in New France.
In June 1687, Governor Denonville and Pierre de Troyes set out with a well organized force to Fort Frontenac, where they met with the 50 sachems of the Iroquois Confederacy from their Onondaga council.
These 50 chiefs constituted the top leaders of the Iroquois, and Denonville captured them and shipped them to Marseilles, France to be galley slaves.
He then travelled down the shore of Lake Ontario and built Fort Denonville at the site where the Niagara River meets Lake Ontario.
This site was previously used by La Salle for Fort Conti from 1678 to 1679, and was later used for Fort Niagara which still exists.
The Iroquois retaliated by destroying farmsteads and slaughtering entire families.
They burned Lachine to the ground on August 4, 1689.
He located the 13 surviving leaders and returned with them to New France in October 1698.
The French and their allies killed settlers in the raids and kidnapped some and took them back to Canada.
Settlers in New England raised money to redeem the captives, but some were adopted into the tribes.
The French government generally did not intervene when the Indians kept the captives.
Throughout the 1690s, the French and their allies also continued to raid deep into Iroquois territory, destroying Mohawk villages in 1692 and raiding Seneca, Oneida, and Onondaga villages.
The English and Iroquois banded together for operations aimed against the French, but these were largely ineffective.
The most successful incursion resulted in the 1691 Battle of La Prairie.
The French offensive was not halted by the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick that brought peace between France and England, ending English participation in that conflict.
Peace.
The Iroquois eventually began to see the emerging Thirteen Colonies as a greater threat than the French in 1698.
The colony of Pennsylvania was founded in 1681, and the continued growth there began to encroach on the southern border of the Iroquois.
The French policy began to change towards the Iroquois after nearly fifty years of warfare, and they decided that befriending them would be the easiest way to ensure their monopoly on the northern fur trade.
The Thirteen Colonies heard of the treaty and immediately set about to prevent it from being agreed upon.
These conflicts would result in the loss of Albany's fur trade with the Iroquois and, without their protection, the northern flank of the Thirteen Colonies would be open to French attack.
Nevertheless, the French and Indians signed the treaty.
The French and 39 Indian chiefs signed the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701.
The Iroquois agreed to stop marauding and to allow refugees from the Great Lakes to return east.
The Shawnee eventually regained control of the Ohio Country and the lower Allegheny River.
The Miami tribe returned to take control of Indiana and northwest Ohio.
The Pottawatomie went to Michigan, and the Illinois tribe to Illinois.
The peace lasted into the 1720s.
Aftermath.
In 1768, several of the Thirteen Colonies purchased the "Iroquois claim" to the Ohio and Illinois Country and created the Indiana Land Company to hold the claim to all of the Northwest.
It maintained a claim to the region using the Iroquois right of conquest until the company was dissolved in 1798 by the United States Supreme Court.
Many of the Iroquois people allied with the British during the American Revolutionary War, particularly warriors from the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga and Seneca nations.
These nations had longstanding trade relations with the British and hoped they might stop American encroachment on their lands.
After the Americans emerged triumphant, the British parliament agreed to cede control over much of its territory in North America to the newly formed United States and worked to resettle American loyalists in Canada and provide some compensation for lands the Loyalists and Native Americans had lost to the United States.
Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant led a large group of Iroquois out of New York to what became the reserve of the Six Nations of the Grand River in Ontario.
The new lands granted to Six Nations reserves were all near Canadian military outposts and placed along the border to prevent any American incursions.
Early life.
Lang was born in Columbus, Ohio and raised in Kansas City, Missouri.
Her mother, Minnie B. Lang, was a physician who practiced in Kansas City for twenty years.
Her sister Marie Gertrude Pearce was also an actress, known professionally as "Marie Hudson".
Career.
Lang was a stage actress, and the leading lady of stock companies.
In 1910, she was one of the first American actresses to play Peter Pan on stage.
In 1917, "The" "Dramatic Mirror" reported that Lang was "the most popular stock actress Omaha has ever known."
"In Kansas City during the 1900s," notes one theatre historian, "the young women would go home after the play to practice in front of a mirror the Eva Lang gestures and the Eva Lang walk."
Her stage costumes were described in detail in magazines.
She toured in Japan, China, India, and the Philippines in Daniel Frawley's repertoire company in 1917.
Lang appeared in several silent films, including "A Desperate Tenderfoot" (1920), "A Western Feud" (1921), "The Golden Lure" (1921), and "The Outlaw's Revenge" (1921), all directed by Otis B. Thayer.
In 1930, after a brief retirement, she made a comeback appearance in Kansas City, in "Her Friend, the King".
Personal life.
Lang was married to actor John Halliday from 1917 until they divorced in 1928.
XHZB-FM is a radio station on 101.7 FM in Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.
XHZB carries the La Mejor grupera format from MVS Radio.
History.
This is a list of notable parks and gardens in Pakistan.
By region.
The Ahimsa Award is an annual award given by the Institute of Jainology in recognition of individuals who embody and promote the principles of Ahimsa (nonviolence).
It was established in 2006 and has since been awarded at the annual "Ahimsa Day" event, on 2 October, the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
It is bestowed by the directors of the Institute of Jainology, an international body based in the UK, representing the Jain faith.
Ahimsa Day.
Ahimsa Day was established by the Institute of Jainology and has been celebrated annually in London since 2002.
It was created to bring awareness of Ahimsa (nonviolence) as it applies in Jainism.
The event takes place in early October to commemorate the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, who, amongst other great leaders, was inspired by the Jain philosophy of ahimsa.
In 2007, the United Nations declared that the International Day of Non-Violence would take place on 2 October.
History and background.
Ahimsa, (the principle of nonviolence), is a concept adopted by most Indic religious traditions, primarily Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain.
The political and social application of ahimsa was given universal recognition by Mahatma Gandhi, who fought the campaign for the independence of India with the doctrine of ahimsa as the cornerstone.
Ahimsa in Jainism is a well-established core principle even before the time of Mahavira, the 24th Thirthankara in the 5th century BC.
Located on Resurrection Bay, a fjord of the Gulf of Alaska on the Kenai Peninsula, Seward is situated on Alaska's southern coast, approximately by road from Alaska's largest city, Anchorage.
The city is named for former United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, who orchestrated the United States' purchase of Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867 while serving in this position as part of President Andrew Johnson's administration.
Seward is the southern terminus of the Alaska Railroad and the historic starting point of the original Iditarod Trail to Interior Alaska, with Mile 0 of the trail marked on the shoreline at the southern end of town.
History.
In 1793, Alexander Baranov of the Shelikhov-Golikov company (precursor of the Russian-American Company) established a fur trade post on Resurrection Bay where Seward is today and had a three-masted vessel, the "Phoenix", built at the post by James Shields, an English shipwright in Russian service.
The 1939 Slattery Report on Alaskan development identified the region as one of the areas where new settlements would be established through Jewish immigration.
This plan was never implemented.
Seward was an important port for the military buildup in Alaska during World War II.
Fort Raymond was established in Seward along the Resurrection River to protect the community.
An Army airfield built in Seward during the war later became Walseth Air Force Base.
Both of the military facilities were closed shortly after the end of the war.
A large portion of Seward was damaged by shaking and a local tsunami during the 1964 Alaska earthquake.
Geography.
The northern city limits are demarcated by the lower reaches of the Resurrection River, but extend east past the river's mouth at the northern end of Resurrection Bay to include parts of the bay's extreme northeastern shore, including the beach at the mouth of Fourth of July Creek and the grounds of Spring Creek Correctional Center just inland.
To the south, the city limits extend to the unincorporated community of Lowell Point, while the east and west sides of the city are constrained by Resurrection Bay and the steep slopes of Mount Marathon.
Nearby settlements include the aforementioned Lowell Point to the south, as well as the census-designated places of Bear Creek and Moose Pass further north.
The nearest incorporated city is Soldotna, about 90 miles (by road) to the northwest.
Climate.
Only one month, January, sees an average daily high temperature below freezing, and temperatures below zero degrees Fahrenheit are rare.
The oceanic influence also imparts a high level of precipitation, with the heaviest amounts occurring during the fall and winter months.
Economy.
Seward's local economy is largely driven by the commercial fishing industry and seasonal tourism.
Many lodging facilities, restaurants and shops in the city cater mainly to tourists, and are only open for business during the summer tourist season, generally regarded as running from mid-May through mid-September.
Fishing.
Seward is the site of an annual salmon run which, in the 1920s, came to "countless millions" and supported a community of fisherman of mainly Scandinavian origin.
It was then the headquarters of the halibut fleet.
Seward is among the most lucrative commercial fisheries ports in the United States, according to reports from the National Marine Fisheries Service.
Tourism.
Owing to its position at the southern terminus of the Alaska Railroad and well-developed road links to Anchorage and the rest of the Kenai Peninsula, Seward is both a major northern end-port for several major cruise ship lines that host Alaskan cruises, such as Norwegian, Royal Caribbean, Holland America, and Celebrity Cruises, and a common destination for general Alaskan tourism.
Demographics.
Seward first appeared on the 1910 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village.
It formally incorporated in 1912.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,830 people, 917 households, and 555 families residing in the city.
The population density was .
There were 1,058 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.04.
The median age was 37 years.
For every 100 females, there were 150.2 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 166.6 males.
Government and infrastructure.
At the borough level, Seward is situated in Kenai Peninsula Borough District 6, which has one seat on the nine-member borough council.
This council oversees area-wide issues such as education, waste management, zoning and taxation assessment.The United States Postal Service maintains a post office in Seward with zip code 99664.
In the Alaska House of Representatives, the city is in the 29th District, represented by Republican Ben Carpenter.
In the Alaska Senate, the city is in District O, represented by Republican Peter Micciche.
Education.
The Kenai Peninsula Borough School District operates schools in Seward, including Seward Elementary School, Seward Middle School, and Seward High School.
Transportation.
Seward is unusual among most small Alaskan communities in that it has road access in the Seward Highway from Seward to Anchorage, a National Scenic Byway and All-American Road, which also brings it bus service.
Seward is also the southern terminus of the Alaska Railroad with the railroad serving the Port of Seward which is capable of accommodating ocean going vessels.
This keeps the port busy with freight coming on and off the trains, but also makes Seward a primary end point for north-bound cruise ships.
Cruise ship passengers disembark and often take the train or bus farther north to Anchorage, Denali, or other Alaskan attractions.
Seward is a very bike friendly community.
A paved bike path runs from the downtown business district along the waterfront, through the harbor and along the highway to mile 4.5.
Bikes are available for rent and there are guided bike tours of the area.
Alaska Marine Highway (ferry) service was discontinued at the end of the 2005.
State ferry connections are now available in Whittier (90 miles North) or Homer (150 miles by highway).
Scheduled commercial service is available at Kenai Municipal Airport in Kenai and Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, both about away.
Biography.
Francesco Somaini was born in Lomazzo (Como) on 6 August 1926.
He graduated in law at the Pavia University in 1949.
And in 1950, he took part in the Venice Biennale for the first time.
After a period of reflection upon the experiences of the international contemporary sculpture, he became interested in abstractionism and, in the mid-1950s, achieved an autonomy of language with sculptures realized in "ferric conglomerate" ("Canto Aperto", "Forza del nascere"), art work that marked his entrance in the Concrete Art Movement (MAC) and preluded the great informal period.
He imposed himself upon critics' attention in 1956, thanks to his participation in the XXVIII Biennale of Venice.
In the 1960 he was invited to set up his own exhibition hall at the XXX Venice Biennale.
Being interested in experimenting with different materials, he cast his works also in iron, lead and pewter, attacking them with the blowtorch, and finally polishing their concave parts in order to accentuate their expressive drive.
This was the time of "Martirii" and "Feriti", presented in the various personal exhibitions set up at the National Gallery of Turin, at the Italian Cultural Institute of New York, at the Blu Gallery of Rome and in all the most important international collective exhibitions of sculpture.
Parallel to these studies on the relationship between sculpture, architecture and the environment, Somaini experimented a personal technique of direct carving executed by using a high pressure jet of sand.
This approach became a fundamental component of his plastic language from 1965 onward.
In 1975 the conceptual analysis of the laboratorial procedures related to sculpture brought the artist to the creation of a bas-relief "Trace", obtained by rolling a carved "Matrix" that, leaving a mark in evolution, developed and revealed on the "Trace" a cryptic image in negative.
Matrixes and traces introduced the dynamic element, the action, the idea of a path, of an intervention that involved architecture and urban context.
This activity went on in successive works of great commitment like "Fortunia" (1988), in a series of "Lotte con il serpente" characterized by an organic nature overbearingly lively, as in "Fortunia Vincitrice" (2000).
Some of the above-mentioned works were presented in the anthological exhibition set up in the Brera Palace of Milan in 1997, in the Quadrennial of Rome of 1999, in the Carrara Biennales of 1998 and 2000 and in the anthological exhibition at the Pergine Castle (Trento) in 2000.
In recent years the sculptor carried forward, side by side to his plastic activity, his drawing and painting activity in a more intensive way.
In 1999, he realized a large series of works on paper that recalled in a fantastic way the myths and legends related to the Vulcan Etna, revisited also through the reading of Maria Corti's book ("Catasto magico", Einaudi, 1999).
The offspring of Italian creativity", Royal Palace of Milan (2005).
He died in Como on 19 November 2005.
Artistic production.
Worth of mention also the sculptor's activity since the 1950s in the architectural field in collaboration, among others, with Luigi Caccia Dominioni, Ico Parisi and Ignazio Gardella.
Some of the most important works of Somaini are located in major museums of the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, Vatican City, Belgium, Finland, Brasil and Serbia.
It makes an exception to the Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations 1980, which ordinarily requires that workers are protected by the law of the member state in which they work.
After a controversial set of decisions by the European Court of Justice, the Directive has come under criticism for reducing rights of posted workers and undermining the rights of workers in a home nation.
Overview.
The Directive aims to clarify competing claims of competence in the case of staff being sent abroad by their employer for a project (posting), between the rules governing labour relations in the country of origin of the employing service provider and the country where the work is actually carried out (but where the staff is not normally based).
If the laws of the country where the work is actually being carried out applied even for short stays, a company wishing to offer its services in the whole of the EU would have to be aware of 27 different sets of rules.
This would be a burden in particular for SMEs which would discourage them from taking advantage of the EU's Internal Market.
To counter this phenomenon, the European Court of Justice has developed a balancing mechanism on the basis of the Treaty that determines which country's rules apply in a given situation.
However, this case-by-case approach generates legal uncertainty which is tackled by this Directive.
To protect workers from one EU country who are sent by their employer to carry out work in another temporarily, the Directive provides that a 'hard core' of rules of the host country (country of destination) needs to be observed.
The Directive was first adopted in 1996.
In this context there is the abovementioned mechanism of 'justified restrictions for the protection of essential requirements in the general interest', that the Court of Justice of the European Union has developed on the basis of the Treaty.
Where the Directive does not apply, this mechanism remains decisive.
Case law.
In 2007, the European Court of Justice chose to give two decisions, whose effect appeared to suggest that employers are only required to pay their workers the rate they would receive in their home country, provided this matches minimum wages and working conditions in the country they are posted to.
2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes.
The Directive came to prominence during the 2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes after British workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in North Killingholme, North Lincolnshire claimed that they were being undercut by skilled foreign labour when the Italian construction contractor IREM appointed several hundred European (mainly Italian and Portuguese) contractors on the site at a time of high unemployment in the local and global economy.
However, this question is not handled by the Directive.
It is a question of the right to free movement for services itself, which is handled directly by the Treaty itself, since the contractor wished to use its own staff rather than hiring external subcontractors.
Alternative Latin names for Zhongtie Township include Jilang, Kyiling, Zhongtie, Zhongtie Xiang, ji lang, zhong tie, zhong tie xiang.
Zhongtie Township's population has fluctuated from 6,548 in 2010 to 6,045 in 2011 to 7,395 in 2017 to 7,423 in 2018.
Geography and history.
In 2017, Zhongtie had 27 businesses with 152 employees, including one supermarket that takes up more than 50 square meters.
It has 29 'production cooperatives' under its jurisdiction.
Under its jurisdictional area it has a 40 kilometre long ditch under its jurisdiction named 'Zhongtie Longwa', a 38 kilometre long river connects this ditch with the Yellow River.
Zhongtie Township has frequent natural disasters and issues including hailstorms, droughts, gales, extremely low temperatures, ice storms etc.
Zhongtie Township has 0.33 square kilometres of arable land. and 680 square kilometres of pastoral land.
Zhongtie Township's main crop is wheat and in 2011, the township had 93,000 livestock heads.
Zhongtie Township has 1 library that contains 30,000 books.
The township holds sports competitions annually that include archery and horse racing.
During the reign of the Sui Dynasty, Zhongtie Township was considered a tribal community.
In 1953, its administrative status as a township was granted by the county government.
Peter Collett was born at Modum in Buskerud, Norway.
He was a brother of Christian Ancher Collett and Anne Cathrine Collett.
From 1784 to 1785, Collett attended the Christiania Cathedral School.
During 1788, he studied law at the University of Copenhagen.
They were the parents of eleven childrenm including Bernt Anker Collet.
He was the grandfather of Albert Collett and great-grandfather of Emil Collett.
Peter Collett was an assessor in the diocesan court of Akershus from 1802 to 1814.
He served as a judge on the bench of the Supreme Court of Norway from 1814 to 1830.
In 1818, Collett was the delegate from Buskerud at the coronation of King Charles XIV John of Sweden.
In 1800, he took over Buskerud Manor from his stepmother, Johanne Henrikke Ancher (1750-1818).
Pudupalayam block is a revenue block in the Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India.
Schoenobius vittatalis is a moth in the family Crambidae.
It was described by George Hampson in 1919.
The forewings are cupreous brown.
The hindwings are pale cupreous brown.
The Mizoram women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian state of Mizoram.
History.
In their first season, they competed in the Senior Women's One Day League and in the Senior Women's T20 League, but finished bottom of their group in both competitions.
"Dirty Hands, Dirty Face" (or "Dirty Hands!
Dirty Face!") is a song from the 1921 musical "Bombo".
The song is about the love that a father has for his son.
Jolson version.
Jolson performs the song in the 1927 film "The Jazz Singer" in character as Jack Robin (formerly Jakie Rabinowitz).
The film concerns the attempt of Jolson's character to become a vaudeville performer against opposition from his religious Jewish family.
It was the film's second musical number, and occurs 18 minutes into the film in a scene at Coffee Dan's nightclub in San Francisco.
Jolson subsequently recorded the song in March 1928.
After he sings the song Jolson responds to the audience's applause by saying in improvised dialogue, "Wait a minute.
Wait a minute.
You ain't heard nothing yet" a phrase he often said in his vaudeville performances.
Jolson's words were the first words spoken on camera in a feature film.
Michael Rogin describes them as "These first words of feature movie speech, a kind of per-formative, announce-you ain't heard nothing yet-the birth of sound movies and the death of silent film".
Rogin wrote in the journal "Critical Inquiry" in 1992 that "The "desire" that carries forward this "interiorized, moralized" oedipal narrative...is Jack's "innocent and dirty" desire-sung as "Dirty Hands, Dirty Face" to become a histrionic, vaudeville performer".
The "innocent and dirty" quote was derived from the writings of Pascal Bonitzer.
Other recordings.
It was recorded in August 1923 by Isabella Patricola with the Ben Selvin Orchestra.
Selvin also recorded a version with Irving Kaufman.
Judy Garland recorded it with an arrangement by Nelson Riddle for her 1957 album "Judy".
Garland's version was described as "corny...inspired by, yet also transcending, Jolson's style".
The men's 1964 United States Olympic trials for track and field were a two-tiered event.
Athletes first met for semi-final Olympic trials in Randalls Island, New York, from July 3 to 4.
The final trials were held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, California, between September 12 and 13.
The Colisseum had hosted the Olympics 32 years earlier and would come to host the Olympics a second time 20 years later.
The races at Los Angeles were only the finals, selected from the top runners in the semi-final Olympic trials in New York.
The 20 kilometer walk trials were held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on July 5, and the 50 kilometer walk trials were held on September 5 in Seattle, Washington.
Two marathon trials were held, the AAU National Championships in Yonkers, New York, on May 24 selected one entrant, while the Western Hemisphere Marathon in Culver City, California, on July 26 selected two.
American resident, but Taiwanese citizen C. K. Yang was allowed to participate in the decathlon, but his dominant performance did not displace the American athletes in the trials.
The process was organized by the AAU.
The women's Olympic trials were held separately in Downing Stadium on Randalls Island, New York, between August 6 and 8.
Silberberg v The Builders Collective of Australia Inc, is a 2007 judgment of the Federal Court of Australia, and the first Australian case exploring the liability of Internet forum operators for racial vilification under the "Racial Discrimination Act 1975".
Background.
The applicant, Dr. Ron Silberberg, was the managing director of the Housing Industry Association Ltd (HIA), a company representing the interests of people involved in the residential building industry.
The Builders Collective of Australia Inc (the Collective) was an incorporated association of predominantly small builders and opposes the policies of the Housing Industry Association in many areas.
The Builders Collective operated a website containing a discussion forum, which contained confidential information regarding the building of transmitter sites for the Digital Radio Oceane project.
In May 2005 and January 2006, a registered user of the forum posted messages which suggested that Silberberg's Jewish background was responsible for a perceived unhealthy monetary focus on the part of the HIA.
Silberberg complained to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission and, when that complaint was terminated by the Commission, sued The Builders Collective and the forum user in the Federal Court.
The judgment.
Justice Gyles held that the forum postings conveyed the anti-Semitic imputations alleged by Silberberg, and that the forum user (the second respondent) had posted the comments because of Silberberg's Jewish background.
He held that the messages were reasonably likely, in all the circumstances, to offend and insult Silberberg or other Jews, and that their posting contravened section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth).
Justice Gyles held that the Collective had knowledge of the presence of one of the offensive postings in the forum (which they had denied), and had failed to remove it.
However, there was no evidence that they had failed to remove it "because of" the Jewish race or ethnicity of Silberberg, as required by the "Racial Discrimination Act 1975" (Cth).
Schmerikon railway station () is a railway station situated in the municipality of Schmerikon in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.
Both trains run hourly, combining to provide a half-hourly service to Rapperswil.
The Rose Consort of Viols is an English ensemble of viol players who perform mainly early consort music, including works by Orlando Gibbons, John Dowland, and Henry Purcell.
They have performed around the world at many events, have appeared a number of times for the BBC, and have made a number of recordings, several of which have been made in collaboration with Red Byrd, a vocal group from Hyperion Records.
Glendullan distillery is a single malt Scotch whisky distillery in Dufftown, Scotland on the Speyside region.
Glendullan is owned by Diageo.
The Distillery.
Glendullan distillery was established in 1897.
Production.
Glendullan distillery's water source is Conval Hill springs.
There are three wash stills and three spirit stills.
External links.
The Aquincum Military Amphitheatre is the greater of two amphitheatres in Budapest, Hungary, the other being the Aquincum Civil Amphitheatre.
It is located in the Obuda district, just north near the Danube river.
Gregory Scott Reeves (born May 16, 1966) is an American actor and country music singer.
His best known roles include Noel Laughlin on ABC's "Nashville", Ryan McNeil on "The Young and the Restless", and Steven Webber on "General Hospital".
Musical career.
Reeves and Aaron Benward founded the duo Blue County in 2003, which recorded one album for Curb Records.
Aaron and Scott departed Curb in 2007 and continue to write and perform together all over the world, playing for fans ranging from 5 to 95.
Reeves co-wrote Toby Keith's 2011 number 1 single, "Made in America".
Personal life.
Reeves was born in Santa Monica, to a family from Delight, Arkansas and Tennessee.
Since March 1990, Reeves has been married to soap opera actress Melissa Reeves.
Darralynn Hutson is an American Pop Culture Journalist, TV and Film producer and multi-media Specialist.
Darralynn Hutson has been an entertainment journalist for more than twelve years.
She learned the skill of listening very early in her career and its allowed her to develop longstanding relationships in the entertainment industry.
She started her writing career with Urban magazines Upscale and The Source Magazine, reviewing and interviewing what would become Hip Hop greatest.
Her niche pieces on black film has appeared in The Source Magazine, Honey, DGA Magazine, Savoy Magazine, Trace and Moviemaker.
She writes as a Scores and Soundtracks columnist for London-based BFM Magazine and the re-launched BE formerly Black Elegance.
Her experience as a journalist has afforded her to motion picture industry access.
Her Rolodex is valued and current.
The film made its national broadcast debut on the Starz!
Network and went on to tour five continents in film festivals, Corporate-funded screenings and college tours.
Relocating to New York in 2002, allowed her independent film experience to flourish.
Darralynn has worked on the production teams of five short and feature-length film and video independent productions.
TV One hired her to produce a pilot episode of a new home renovation series RENOVATE MY HOME that premiered its first season in November 2005.
Losin' Lately Gambler is the sixth studio album by Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans.
It was released in Canada on New West Records on September 22, 2009.
Fountain Alley is a pedestrian paseo in Downtown San Jose.
History.
Fountain Alley's origins lie in the 19th century as a thin but prominent alley made up of mews and a horse trough, which gave it its name.
The Bank of Italy Building, San Jose's oldest skyscraper, was built on the alley in 1925.
Fountain Alley lost its urban importance in the late 20th century, when it became notable as a crime hotspot.
Since the 2010s, the alley has been the site of an ongoing revitalization program, which has ended the area's crime streak and introduced public events, like tailgates and pop-ups.
Location.
Fountain Alley is located in central Downtown San Jose.
It spans between 1st Street and 2nd Street.
The Sanibel Symposium is an international scientific conference in quantum chemistry, solid-state physics, and quantum biology.
It has been organized by the Quantum Theory Project at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, United States, every winter since 1960.
From 1960 to 1978, the symposium was held on Sanibel Island, but later symposia have been held in Palm Coast and St. Augustine.
In 2005, the Symposium moved to St. Simons Island, Georgia, United States.
The Symposium is noted for its long history and for the breadth of both the participants and the presentations.
The 2010 meeting covers "Forefront theory and computation in quantum chemistry, condensed matter and chemical physics, nanoscience, quantum biochemistry and biophysics".
The Sanibel Symposium is described as a "highly respected regular conference" in a history of the Gordon Research Conferences.
The Sanibel Coefficients, used for example in calculated spin densities, were named after the Symposium where they were widely discussed in the 1960s.
Lectures and posters presented at the meeting are often published in the peer-reviewed journal "International Journal of Quantum Chemistry" as one or more issues of the journal.
Koroma began his political career as Attorney General in 1967 and 1968.
He returned to government in 1976 when he became Managing Director of the National Diamond Mining Company until 1987.
In 1991 and 1992, Koroma was the Minister of Mineral Resources.
After Ahmed Tejan Kabbah won the presidency, Koroma was named Minister of Political and Parliamentary Affairs, which lasted until Kabbah's re-election in 2002.
Lee Jae-oh and Choi Byung-kuk were co-chairpersons of the party.
Summoner Wars is a videogame developed by Plaid Hat Games and Playdek, and based on the 2009 board game of the same name.
The iOS version was released on July 4, 2012.
The Android version was released on May 15, 2014.
Both versions are now unavailable, having not been updated for upgraded versions of the mobile operating systems.
Critical reception.
Gamezebo said "Summoner Wars is to become the flagship title in the case for digital board games.
It's cheaper.
It's prettier.
Less hassle.
Perfect multiplayer that allows you to play as often as you like.
If you're a fan of strategy games, this is a must-buy.
And even if you're not, the game is free to try, and you have nothing to lose."
"Pocket Gamer" described the game as "A complex, but accessible, card-based strategy game that combines elements of with Risk and Stratego."
"Eurogamer" wrote "It's hard not to feel Summoner Wars is a great game, verging on superb, that's held back by a highly polished but functionally thin app.
"TouchArcade" said the game was "A must-have for gamers who want more tactical maneuvering in their CCGs or more customization in their strategy games.
The southern pig-footed bandicoot ("Chaeropus ecaudatus") was a small species of herbivorous marsupial in the genus "Chaeropus", the pig-footed bandicoots.
Taxonomy.
The description of the population was revised in 2019, separating a central western population as "Chaeropus yirratji" and recognised two earlier descriptions as subspecies Chaeropus ecaudatus ecaudatus (found in southeastern Australia) and Chaeropus ecaudatus occidentalis (found in western and southwestern Australia).
Description.
It has been believed to be extinct since the mid-20th century, having reportedly vanished from its final refuge in southern Australia by 1945.
It was presumably the first of the two species of "Chaeropus" to go extinct.
Pig footed-bandicoots were the only marsupials to walk on reduced digits both on the fore and hind feet.
According to molecular phylogenetic analyses they diverged from other bandicoots like the Peramelidae, and also from the bilbies like Thylacomyidae in the mid-Late Oligocene.
It is thought to have been distributed in shrubland habitats in the southern regions of Australia's deserts, and its range likely extended to Western Australia.
It physically closely resembled the northern pig-footed bandicoot ("C. yirratji"), but it had fewer holes on its palate and shorter feet.
It also had a different dentition than "C. yirratji", indicating that it may have had a different diet.
"C. ecaudatus" rapidly adapted to drying conditions and changing environment, quickly becoming a grazer in a short period of time "C. ecaudatu"s is thought to have undergone rapid herbivorous evolution due to lesser high crown and lateral blade development on the lower molars found in an ancestral species, "Chaeropus baynesi".
The two species were formerly considered conspecific until a study released in 2019 found them to be separate species.
Board game development is the entire process of creating, developing and producing a board game.
It includes game design, product development, funding, marketing and promotion.
The process of board game design bears certain similarities to software design.
Key Design Phases.
There are many ways to do regarding developing and designing a board game.
There is not a single method, but there can be some suggested steps.
These steps center more around the design aspect of the process, according to Instructables.com.
Conceptualisation.
Creating a concept for a Board Game can be a challenging step in the design process.
This will form a basis of what the game is based upon and will influence future development.
Characteristics that are developed include theme (e.g.. sci-fi, fantasy, war, sports, etc.) or a set of game mechanics (e.g. card drafting, deck building, dice combat, set collection, roll and write, etc.).
Whatever comes first, the other elements can then be developed.
During this period, subsequent elements can feedback to the original concept thereby altering it.
Other games can provide elements which can be utilised at this stage.
Determine the Goal of the Game.
Determining the goal of the game is the time consuming part of the design process.
This is a period of idea jotting or sketching.
Any idea that sparks interest should be written down and considered.
Nothing is too minor or major to be considered.
This could include character types or names, actions, components, theme, rules, win conditions, complexity and many more.
After a long gestation period, there should be a solid understanding of what a player is trying to accomplish and the general path they will take through the journey.
This is a good time to start organizing these thoughts, memos and considerations into an outline.
A great resource for a game design outline can be found here, on pages 2 through 4.
This will help streamline these thoughts into a coherent flow from opening story and background through gameplay to the conclusion and win conditions.
Flesh it out.
Allow time (this can be a long step) to come up with additional mechanics and gameplay.
This includes a methodical analysis of the flow, probabilities, balance and mechanics.
Track game time, how many times something happens, excitement level to be playing the game, and whatever else is necessary.
Record any ideas that come to mind.
Make a prototype.
This is where you make a playable version of your game.
It will have all of the mechanics and pieces of your game, but it doesn't have to have perfectly shaped anything or be polished at all - this is just so that you can play test the game.
This is a very fluid step where many things can change, even theme.
Mechanics, characters, stats or anything can be added as well.
Play testing.
Play testing is means whereby the design can be tested through playing the game.
This can be done by a game designer on their own before involving others.
Then, the game should be brought in front of others.
The components should be simple at this stage.
Make it look pretty and write rules.
Once you are happy with the final product, it is time to develop the rulebook.
Note that if the previous stages in board game development were followed, finalising the rulebook should be straight forward.
Now you can enjoy (or try marketing it)!
Manufacturing.
There are at least 80 printers worldwide that specialize in manufacturing board games.
Majority of plastic figure production happens in China.
Another set of steps.
This is a form of brainstorming aimed at creating a list of suitable topics which fit with the theme of the game.
Incubation.
This involves subsequent reflection on the list of topics and the addition of new topics.
Chunking.
This involves aligning the content structure with the game structure.
Drafting.
This is hands-on experimenting with the physical elements of the game and the development of an explanatory set of rules.
Incubating.
She rallied support from members of parliament which led to changes in the law in 1906 which allowed women law graduates the same privileges as men.
In 1909, she was able to practise as a high court barrister.
Nanna Berg who had received a legal diploma in 1887, was not authorized to work in the country's high courts but was restricted to the lower courts.
Biography.
After matriculating from Gammelholm Latin- og Realskole, she studied law at the University of Copenhagen when permission was given to women to undertake the course.
After she rallied the support of members of parliament, the minister of justice Peter Adler Alberti proposed changes in the regulations allowing women to serve as lawyers with the same privileges as men.
As a result, Magnussen was able to join a legal firm in 1906.
She encouraged members of parliament to support her attempt to be allowed to work in the high courts.
Thanks to the support she received, she was able to practise in all the courts of Denmark from 1909, becoming the first woman to do so.
She made a study trip to Oxford and London from September 1913 to March 1914.
For a number of years she worked with the high court attorneys Charles Shaw and Harald Dietrichson, finally setting up a practice of her own.
She was able to attract many female clients, especially in connection with marital disputes and divorce cases.
She headed the Copenhagen branch of the Danish Women's Society from 1907 to 1909.
A woodie (or a woodie wagon) is a wood-bodied automobile, that became a popular type of station wagon the bodywork of which is constructed of wood or is styled to resemble wood elements.
The appearance of polished wood gave a resemblance to fine wooden furniture and on many occasions the wood theme continued to the dashboard and inner door panels including the rear tailgate.
Originally, wood framework augmented the car's structure.
History. 1930s and 1940s.
As a variant of body-on-frame construction, the woodie as a utility vehicle or station wagon originated from the early practice of manufacturing the passenger compartment portion of a vehicle in hardwood.
It was a modern interpretation of an earlier horse-drawn wagon called a shooting brake which was made entirely of wood used to transport hunting spoils, gun racks, and ammunition on shooting trips.
Woodies were popular in the United States and were produced as variants of sedans and convertibles as well as station wagons, from basic to luxury. 1950s and 1960s.
In 1950, Chrysler discontinued their woodie station wagons on DeSoto, Dodge and Plymouth station wagons.
Buick's 1953 Super Estate Wagon and 1953 Roadmaster Estate Wagon were the last production American station wagons to retain real wood construction.
Other marques by then were touting the advantages of "all-steel" construction to the buying public.
As the appearance became popular, Ford, GM, and Chrysler offered multiple models with the woodgrain appearance until the early 1990s.
Simulated woodgrain.
After the demise of models using actual wood construction, manufacturers continued to evoke wood construction with sheet-vinyl appliques of simulated wood grain, sometimes augmented with three-dimensional, simulated framework, and later by a simple series of indented grooves in the bodywork.
The 1966 Chevrolet Caprice in its second season, added to the four-door hardtop body style a full line of models including a vinyl-wood trimmed station wagon, the Caprice Estate.
Dodge also reintroduced simulated wood the same year.
Ford marketed the Ford Pinto Squire with vinyl simulated wood trim in the early 1970s.
Subsequent rebadged variants of the Vega (marketed as "Woody"), including the Pontiac Astre Safari, Chevrolet Monza Estate and Pontiac Sunbird Safari, also offered simulated wood trim.
Chevrolet offered a simulated woodie version of the Chevette in 1976, and AMC offered the Pacer wagon with optional simulated wood trim in 1977.
Ford also marketed version of their Ranchero model, a coupe utility produced between 1957 and 1979 with an open bed like a pickup truck but from a station wagon platform, with simulated woodgrain siding.
In 1973, Ford produced a minivan prototype that offered a woodgrain appearance the preceded the Chrysler minivan, called the Ford Carousel, but it was not put into production.
Introduced in 1981, the Ford Escort and Mercury Lynx four-door wagons offered optional simulated wood trim.
GM offered its full-size wagons in wood trim versions until their final year in 1996.
As the station wagon declined in North America, manufacturers offered faux wood trim on SUVs and minivans (e.g., the Jeep Cherokee and Chrysler minivans).
In 2010, George Barris created a woodie version of the Smart Fortwo, an aftermarket firm offered a simulated wood kit for the same car, and GM displayed a prototype woodie version of the forthcoming Chevrolet Spark for the 2010 Paris Motor Show.
Car Design News said the styling references "a previous era without resorting to obvious retro styling cues."
Legacy.
Columbia Pictures' top-grossing film for the 1940s, director John Stahl's 1945 "Leave Her to Heaven" starring Gene Tierney and Cornel Wilde, features a "woodie" station wagon early in the film.
Many other American movies from the 1940s also feature woodies.
In 1995, the U.S.
Glynn Russell Turman (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor, director, writer, and producer.
He received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his role on the HBO drama series "In Treatment".
Turman also portrayed Jeremiah Kaan on the Showtime series "House of Lies," Doctor Senator in the fourth season of the FX black comedy crime drama series "Fargo", and starred in the 2020 Netflix film "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom".
Early life.
Turman was born in New York City.
According to a DNA analysis, Turman shares maternal ancestry with the Edo people of Nigeria.
Turman studied at High School of Performing Arts located in the Manhattan section of New York City, graduating in 1965.
Career.
Turman had his first prominent acting role at the age of 12 as Travis Younger in the original Broadway production of Lorraine Hansberry's classic play, "A Raisin in the Sun", opposite Sidney Poitier, Ruby Dee, Claudia McNeil, Ivan Dixon, Louis Gossett Jr., Lonne Elder III, John Fiedler and Diana Sands.
After graduating high school, he apprenticed in regional and repertory companies throughout the US, including Tyrone Guthrie's Repertory Theatre, in which he performed in late 1960s productions of "Good Boys", "Harper's Ferry", "The Visit", and "The House of Atreus".
A 1974 performance in "The Wine Sellers" earned him a Los Angeles Critics Award nomination and a Dramalogue Award.
The play was also produced on Broadway as "What The Wine Sellers Buy".
Turman won his first NAACP Image Award for his work in the play "Eyes of the American".
He received his second NAACP Image award for directing "Deadwood Dick" at the Inner City Cultural Center in Los Angeles.
On television, he has directed episodes of "The Parent 'Hood", "Hangin' with Mr. Cooper", "A Different World", and "The Wayans Bros".
TV movies included "Carter's Army", the prestigious "Centennial", "Attica", and "Minstrel Man", for which he won his third NAACP Image Award.
More notable films include "Penitentiary II" (1982), "Gremlins" (1984), "Deep Cover" (1992), "How Stella Got Her Groove Back" (1998), "Men of Honor" (2000), "Sahara" (2005), "Kings of the Evening" (2007), "Burlesque" (2010) and "Super 8" (2011).
In 2004, he joined the HBO series "The Wire" portraying the recurring role of Mayor Clarence Royce, becoming a full-time regular in 2006.
His portrayal of Mayor Royce earned him an NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2007.
Since "The Wire", Turman guest-starred as a patient in the "Scrubs" episode "My Last Words".
Turman's other television appearances include "Hawaii Five-O" (as Harley Dartson, 1973, "Tricks Are Not Treats"), the "Twilight Zone" segment "Paladin of the Lost Hour" (co-starring Danny Kaye with a script by Harlan Ellison), "Matlock", "Millennium", and the sitcom "All of Us".
In 2008, he won a Primetime Emmy award for his guest appearance on the HBO series "In Treatment".
He appeared in the ABC series "Detroit 1-8-7".
He has performed and produced a one-man show, "Movin' Man," about his life.
Turman auditioned for the role of Han Solo in "Star Wars".
At the time, I had no idea.
I just went to the audition, did it and got out of there."
In 2012, he began appearing in "House of Lies" on Showtime as the father of the characters played by Don Cheadle and Larenz Tate.
In 2016, he appeared in the Oprah Winfrey Network TV show "Queen Sugar" in which he played the father, Ernest Bordelon.
In 2017, Turman was cast as Nate Lahey Sr. in 10 episodes in seasons 4 and 5 of the ABC drama "How to Get Away With Murder".
His character is the imprisoned father of Nate Lahey (Billy Brown), a former police officer, detective and lover to series star Annalise Keating (Viola Davis).
In 2018, Turman appeared on the legal drama "Suits" as Vic.
Turman recently appeared in the ABC limited series "Women of the Movement" in 2021, playing Mose Wright, Emmett Till's great-uncle.
Truman also makes a memorable cameo appearance as Mickey in "80 for Brady" opposite Rita Moreno, Lily Tomlin, Jane Fonda and Sally Field.
Personal life.
Turman has been married three times and has four children.
Turman was married to Ula M. Walker from 1965 until 1971.
Together, Turman and Walker had three children.
Turman married singer Aretha Franklin on April 11, 1978, at her father's (C. L. Franklin) New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan.
Turman and Franklin separated in 1982 and divorced in 1984.
Turman married Jo-Ann Allen in 1992.
The following players have represented AIK and either made at least 150 league appearances for the club, made at least 30 appearances for their national team, or received an individual award during their time with AIK Fotboll.
 is a Japanese philosopher, specializing in clinical philosophy and ethics.
Radio frequency power transmission is the transmission of the output power of a transmitter to an antenna.
When the antenna is not situated close to the transmitter, special transmission lines are required.
The most common type of transmission line for this purpose is large-diameter coaxial cable.
At high-power transmitters, cage lines are used.
Cage lines are a kind of overhead line similar in construction to coaxial cables.
The interior conductor is held by insulators mounted on a circular device in the middle.
On the circular device, there are wires for the other pole of the line.
Cage lines are used at high-power transmitters in Europe, like longwave transmitter Topolna, longwave-transmitter Solec Kujawski and some other high-power transmitters for long-, medium- and shortwave.
For UHF and VHF, Goubau lines are sometimes used.
They consist of an insulated single wire mounted on insulators.
On a Goubau line, the wave travels as longitudinal currents surrounded by transverse EM fields.
A baray () is an artificial body of water which is a common element of the architectural style of the Khmer Empire of Southeast Asia.
The largest are the East Baray and West Baray in the Angkor area, each rectangular in shape, oriented east-west and measuring roughly five by one and a half miles.
Historians are divided on the meaning and functions of barays.
Some believe that they were primarily spiritual in purpose, symbolizing the Sea of Creation surrounding Mount Meru, font of the Hindu cosmos.
Others have theorized that they held water for irrigation of fields.
Others believe that it was used to store water, the current most popular theory.
It is possible that the function was a combination of these explanations, or others.
Jazz is a 1992 historical novel by Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning American author Toni Morrison.
The novel forms the second part of Morrison's Dantesque trilogy on African-American history, beginning with "Beloved" (1987) and ending with "Paradise" (1997).
I Am is the third studio album by German pop trio Monrose.
It was first released by Starwatch Music, Cheyenne Records and Warner Music on 26 September 2008 in German-speaking Europe.
Taking Monrose's work further into dance and electro music, the album scored a generally negative reception from music critics, with "laut.de" calling them "the Sugababes for discount store-fans."
Upon its release, "I Am" debuted at number nine on the German Albums Chart and reached top twenty in Austria and Switzerland.
It spawned three singles, including Tedder-penned up tempo song "Strike the Match", which became a top ten hit in Germany, as well as "Hit'n'Run" and "Why Not Us", both of which missed the top ten.
Production and songs.
The songs on "I Am" were selected out of more than six hundred demo tracks.
The album's opening track, "Strike the Match", was penned by OneRepublic singer Ryan Tedder and Deborah Epstein.
Selected out of several tracks in Tedder's repertoire, it was the first song confirmed to be appearing on the album.
Released as its leading single, the song reached the top ten of the German Singles Chart.
Second track "A Love Bizarre" is a cover version of the 1985 single by Sheila E. and Prince.
Using the original instrumental as produced by Prince, the song has been described as all-time favorite by band member Guemmour.
"Certified" was written by longtime contributors Edwin "Lil' Eddie" Serrano and Jonas Jeberg, and has been described as "high-pitched, technical, and scratching."
Originally planned to be released as the album's second single, it was released as the third.
In addition, the song served as a promotional track for the "We Love" Otto mail order campaign.
"Stolen" features background vocals by Jamie Pineda from the successful pop music project Sweetbox after Jamie had recorded the song first.
Fifth track "Going Out Tonight" incorporates elements of ragga and dancehall music, including rapped verses by all three band members, while "You Can Look" combines dance-pop with rock music.
"Teach Me How to Jump" deals with death.
The song was recorded in dedication to lost ones, including Guemmour's father, who died in 1992.
Critical reception.
"I Am" received mainly negative reviews.
"LetMeEntertainYou" entitled the album's tracks as "sorted out material from the collection of immoral books of Timbaland," calling it also "fiddling" and "sparsely innovative."
Further criticisms stated that the girls' voices had been edited into digital cawings which get dislodged from the professional but overproduced music.
Chart performance.
"I Am" debuted and peaked at number 9 on the German Albums Chart on 10 October 2008.
It marked the band's third consecutive top ten entry and remained 14 weeks on the chart.
In Switzerland, "I Am" debuted at number 14 on the Swiss Hitparade.
It spent another four weeks on the chart.
It peaked at number 20.
Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located near Scotland Neck, Halifax County, North Carolina, United States.
The congregation was founded in February 1833 by a number of prominent citizens including State Senator Simmons Baker.
It was built in 1855, and is a rectangular Gothic Revival style brick building.
Its design is attributed to noted New York architect Frank Wills.
It has a gable roof, front central tower, and lancet windows.
The church was rebuilt after it burned in 1885.
The Deoni is an Indian breed of draught cattle.
An outfielder and third baseman by trade, the native of Enloe, Texas, logged his playing and managing career exclusively in minor league baseball, but served the Pittsburgh Pirates and Chicago Cubs as a coach on the Major League level, and spent two separate terms scouting for the Dodgers in both Brooklyn and Los Angeles.
He came to the Majors as a coach under Billy Meyer of the Pirates from 1948 to 1950, then scouted and managed in the farm system for the Dodgers from 1951 to 1958.
He switched to the Cubs' organization as a member of its College of Coaches experiment from 1961 to 1965, then returned to the Dodgers as a scout through the early 1980s.
During that time, he taught Charlie Hough how to throw a knuckleball.
"A Salty Dog" is a song by the English rock band Procol Harum.
Written by Gary Brooker and Keith Reid, it was released as the lead single off the band's 1969 album "A Salty Dog".
It was also included on the 1972 album "".
Background and composition.
It was featured on the band's 1969 album, "A Salty Dog".
Reid's lyrics describe sailors crossing the unknown seas with the crew dying during their voyage.
The song is reportedly one of Reid's favourites.
Release and reception.
Matthew Greenwald of Allmusic praised the narrative as "brilliant" and carried by "an expansive melody and epic performance from the entire band".
The string arrangement was "fabulous" and "only adds grandeur to the song and recording, making this one of the group's most fully realized moments".
Perhaps the greatest praise came from Melody Maker's Chris Welch, who called it "their finest hour" and "one of the greatest pop singles to emerge in recent years".
He added, "The tune is beautiful, the arrangement brilliant, the performance perfect".
"Cash Box" described it as a "stunning effort."
"Record World" said that "Procol Harum is as eerie and gothic as ever."
Cover versions.
The song was covered by Marc Almond on his 1986 album "A Woman's Story", and by Transatlantic on the two-disc Special Edition of "The Whirlwind", where it is sung by drummer Mike Portnoy.
Sarah Brightman covered the song on her 1993 album "Dive".
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Balaban 11-cage or Balaban (3,11)-cage is a 3-regular graph with 112 vertices and 168 edges named after Alexandru T. Balaban.
The Balaban 11-cage is the unique (3,11)-cage.
It was discovered by Balaban in 1973.
The uniqueness was proved by Brendan McKay and Wendy Myrvold in 2003.
The Balaban 11-cage is a Hamiltonian graph and can be constructed by excision from the Tutte 12-cage by removing a small subtree and suppressing the resulting vertices of degree two.
It has independence number 52, chromatic number 3, chromatic index 3, radius 6, diameter 8 and girth 11.
This organic reaction is of some importance in the synthesis of new organic compounds.
Simple carbenes such as the methylene radical and dichlorocarbene are not regioselective towards insertion.
When the carbene is stabilized by a metal the selectivity increases.
The compound dirhodium tetraacetate is found to be especially effective.
The metal employed as a catalyst in this reaction historically was copper until superseded by rhodium.
Other metals stabilize the carbene too much (e.g. molybdenum as in Fischer carbenes) or result in carbenes too reactive (e.g. gold, silver).
Many dirhodium carboxylates and carboxamidates exist, including chiral ones.
An effective chiral dirhodium catalyst is Rh2(MPPIM)4 with MPPIM (Methyl PhenylPropyl IMidazolidinecarboxylato) asymmetric ligand.
Jordan Bouah (born May 17, 1995) is an Italian wide receiver for the Vienna Vikings of the European League of Football.
Born in Rome, he was drafted in the first round of the 2019 CFL European Draft by the Ottawa Redblacks.
He played College football for the Saddleback Bobcats.
Early life.
Bouah was born in Rome to an Ivorian father and a Sardinian mother.
After playing basketball throughout his childhood, he became interested in American football after watching the Super Bowl in 2015.
College career.
Bouah joined the Rome Gladiators before attending Saddleback College in California for two years.
Before and during this time, he also played for the Italy national American football team, winning the European Championship in 2021.
Professional career.
Ottawa Redblacks.
Bouah was selected by the Ottawa Redblacks with the 8th overall pick of the 2019 CFL European Draft.
He was released after playing in just one preseason game.
He remained on the practice squad.
Dresden Monarchs.
Bouah then played for the Dresden Monarchs in the German Football League in the 2019 season.
In the final six games of the season, he had 10 receptions for 145 yards and three touchdowns while also returning kicks.
Seamen Milano.
In 2020 and 2021, Bouah played for the Seamen Milano in the Italian Football League.
He helped the Seamen reach the 2021 league championship game losing in overtime to the Parma Panthers.
In 2021 eight regular season games, Bouah had 29 receptions for 527 yards, nine touchdowns and rushed for 29 yards and one touchdown.
Vienna Vikings.
Tanymastix is a genus of anostracan crustaceans, characterised by their lenticular (lentil-shaped) eggs.
It comprises three species.
"Tanymastix stagnalis" has a wide distribution across Europe and North Africa.
He achieved the finest transcriptions for guitar.
He became more adventurous, yet still in Cuban vein, and in 1938 stopped performing to devote himself to teaching the guitar.
This is a list of the reptile species recorded in Ghana.
There are 154 reptile species in Ghana, of which one is critically endangered, one is endangered, two are vulnerable and two are near threatened.
This list is derived from the Reptile Database which lists species of reptile and includes those reptiles that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD).
11 Andromedae, abbreviated 11 And, is a single, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Andromeda.
"11 Andromedae" is the Flamsteed designation.
It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.44, which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye.
Three extensive canonical works, namely "Tripartita", "Decretum", and "Panormia", are attributed to him.
He corresponded extensively.
His liturgical feast is observed on 23 May.
Life.
Ivo of Chartres was born in or near Chartres circa 1040 to a family of relatively low social status.
He is claimed to have studied first in Paris, then in Abbey of Bec in Normandy where, according to Robert of Torigni, he studied under Lanfranc along with Anselm of Canterbury.
Not much is known of him until some time after he was admitted to the Roman Catholic clergy.
His first benefice was at Nesle in Picardy.
In 1067 Bishop Gui asked him to become the abbot of the new Augustinian house of St. Quentin at Beauvais.
Ivo was skeptical of religious excess and always stressed moderation in practice.
He remained at St. Quentin for twenty years and established himself as one of the best teachers in France.
St. Quentin came to be known as a great school of theology.
His knowledge of canon law, both as a lawyer and cleric, most probably earned him in 1090 the office of Bishop of Chartres.
His predecessor, Geoffrey, had been removed from office by Pope Urban II.
Geoffrey's relatives and supporters initially opposed Ivo's appointment, but with the backing of Pope Urban II, King Philip, and the influential Countess Adela of Blois, Ivo was eventually grudgingly accepted.
In light of the events preceding his appointment to the office, his strong opposition to the practice of simony may have been the impetus to his episcopal elevation.
During his twenty-five year episcopacy at Chartres, Ivo was involved in conflicts with many magnates including King Philip I of France, Archbishop Richer of Sens, the papal legate Hugh of Die, and several local nobles.
The most famous case concerned the marriage of King Philip, who in the early 1090s tried to repudiate his wife Bertha of Holland in order to marry Bertrade of Anjou.
Local baron Hugh Le Puiset took advantage of the situation to seize episcopal lands and imprison the bishop for a short time.
In addition, on several occasions he defended her decisions, most notably during the events regarding Rotrou III of Perche, when he refused to assert ecclesiastical sanctions against him.
Around 1114, Ivo granted to Bernard of Abbeville land in Thiron-Gardais, where Bernard established the monastery that would become the Abbey of the Holy Trinity of Tiron.
During his episcopacy he wrote the majority of his extant works, for which he later became famous and considered among the greatest scholars of the mediaeval era.
Works.
All three are primarily works of canon law.
The Prologue to the "Decretum" deals with the interpretation of canon law, and specifically argues that "caritas" was the solution for sin, and not harsh punishment without contrition.
"He was called to teach.
His lesson was love.
It was all that mattered.".
Ivo is also famous for his 288 letters of correspondence.
These letters often dealt with liturgical, canonical, and dogmatic questions and, much like his major works, are from the perspective of "caritas".
Several of his extant sermons, totaling 25, treat of the same topics as his other writings and letters.
It has also been suggested that his doctrines influenced the final agreement of the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Subsequent influence and veneration.
Ivo's writings had considerable influence in the twelfth century and beyond.
Many of his letters and sermons circulated already in his lifetime, and were copied widely especially in the mid-twelfth century.
Peter Abelard in his "Sic et Non" used the Prologue, too, and apparently quoted both from Ivo's Decretum and from the Panormia.
Although it is not known when he was canonized, 23 May is his present liturgical memorial.
Roseville is a heritage-listed detached house at 56 Chester Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
It was built in 1886.
It is also known as Uradah.
It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 June 1993.
History.
This large single-storeyed residence is on the slopes of Teneriffe Hill.
It was constructed about 1886 for George Myers, a successful Brisbane china and glassware merchant whose principal store was located in Queen Street.
In 1889, he also erected a warehouse in Edward Street (now the Metro Arts Theatre).
The site originally was part of James Gibbon's Teneriffe estate.
Myers had purchased it in 1885 from architect and newspaper proprietor James Cowlishaw, and it is possible Cowlishaw produced the design.
The residence was called Roseville, reputedly because of the large rose garden Myers established in the grounds.
Cowlishaw sold the property in 1887, and in 1891 the house passed to Mrs Ann Cowell, who renamed it Uradah after a family property at Longreach.
It has operated as a hostel run by the Society of the Divine Word, and subsequently became Roseville Restaurant.
In the early 1980s alterations and additions associated with its conversion to the restaurant included redecorated interiors, new stained glass work and renovated verandahs.
A new double-storeyed service building was added at the rear, and the original kitchen wing was modernised.
A timber stable building at the rear was demolished.
Description.
Roseville is a one-storeyed rendered brick building surrounded by timber and iron lacework verandahs.
It has a corrugated iron roof, the principal roof being a U-shaped hip trimmed with paired console brackets, which sits above a convex verandah roof.
Two substantial decorated chimneys rise above the roof line.
A detached rendered brick service building on a stone base at the rear of the house has now been incorporated into the more recent additions.
The southern frontage presents a symmetrical face to the street with a pair of bay windows which are expressed in the roof, and a central entrance.
The entrance is articulated with a fretwork pediment on paired columns which sits slightly in relief to the rest of the verandah, and wide rendered masonry stairs with scrolled strings.
The outer edge of the verandah sits on a perforated brickwork screen with brick stumps, while the perimeter wall of the house itself rests on a stone base.
The entry section of the hallway has a mosaic tile floor.
The interior includes four marble fireplaces, a variety of ceiling rosettes, dados and decorative cornices and mouldings.
French doors and large sash windows open to the verandah.
Refurbishment included landscaping, and the garden now contains ornamental pools, waterways, flowerbeds and rich vegetation.
The main building remains essentially intact in form and structure.
Heritage listing.
Roseville was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 June 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
Roseville is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland's history as evidence of the development of the Teneriffe area.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
Roseville demonstrates the principal characteristics of an 1880s Brisbane residence.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
He was a contemporary of Rudolf Nureyev and Mikhail Baryshnikov, partner of Natalia Makarova, Alla Sizova, and others.
Born in Leningrad, Soloviev began his ballet training at 9 years old and, for the last four years of his schooling, was a student of Boris Shavrov.
He was in the same graduating class at the Vaganova Academy as Rudolf Nureyev.
Initially, Soloviev joined the Kirov as a corps member but quickly rose to the rank of soloist.
He was Rudolf Nureyev's roommate during the company's tour to Paris when that dancer defected to the west during which Soloviev also received rave reviews from the French and British dance critics.
In later years Nureyev would often express admiration for Soloviev's dancing, despite their rivalry.
He was known as Cosmic Yuri by Western and Soviet audiences for his soaring leaps and Slavic-featured resemblance to Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space.
He was compared to Vaslav Nijinsky for his technique, particularly his elevation.
In 1961 and 1964, he toured the US and Europe with the Kirov Ballet.
He also originated roles in new ballets including Icarus in the ballet of the same name, "God" in The Creation of the World (both by Leonid Yacobson), the Young Man in Leningrad Symphony and the Man in Konstantin Sergeyev's The Distant Planet.
Soloviev suffered an Achilles tendon tear while touring in America, and his left leg plie never completely recovered.
Bound by a harsh sense of duty and perfectionist proclivities, Soloviev was never satisfied with his performance, but refused to simplify or retire.
In 1963 he was awarded the Nijinsky Prize by the Paris Academy of Dance.
He was a Gold Medal winner at the Paris International Dance Competition in 1965, and was made a People's Artist of the USSR in 1973.
Despite considerable pressure from the KGB (especially after Nureyev's defection) and Kirov management, Soloviev never joined the Communist Party.
The last new work he was involved with was Leonid Lebedev's "The Infanta" with Irina Kolpakova, which he performed as a guest artist at the Maly Theater in 1976.
In it, Soloviev danced the role of a frustrated page who kills himself out of a frustrated love for one of the Spanish princesses.
His last performance was as Romeo (with Kolpakova as Juliet).
On 12 January 1977, he was found dead at his dacha near Leningrad from a shotgun wound to his head, presumably self-inflicted.
His death devastated his colleagues at the Kirov.
He was survived by his wife, ballerina Tatiana Legat and their daughter, dancer Elena Solovieva.
In film, he starred in the role of Prince Desire in Sergeyev's version of "Sleeping Beauty" (1965).
Operation Hestia is the name of the Canadian Forces humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake which struck Haiti on 12 January 2010.
Operation Hestia is the military component of an interagency response that also involves Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (DFAIT) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).
The headquarters for Operation Hestia were established in the city of Jacmel.
Force composition.
Withdrawal is expected to be complete by April.
Mission timeline.
Both naval vessels deployed their ship's companies as light engineering platoons, with the use of light equipment such as chainsaws, for relief operations in Haiti.
They comprised approximately 500 sailors, and the ship's boarding parties were tasked with providing security to the sailors on shore.
"Athabaskan" and "Halifax" had departed CFB Halifax for Haiti on 14 January 2010.
Relief flights using CC-130 Hercules into Jacmel Airport started on 19 January, after having previously been scouted by CH-146 Griffons on 14 January.
The identification of Jacmel Airport as a possible site for use and the decision to use Jacmel was made by Major-General Yvan Blondin.
8 Air Communications and Control Squadron installed runway lighting on 19 January at Jacmel Airport, enabling aircraft to land at night, with radar control of the airspace provided by the nearby .
Opening the Jacmel airfield 24 hours-a-day was intended to help relieve congestion at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince.
As of 20 January 2010, 1,504 people were evacuated from Haiti to Canada on 17 flights.
1,727 Canadians have been located while 479 were still unaccounted for.
On 22 January, the DART facility in Jacmel moved from next to the Saint-Michel Hospital to the harbour.
The DART field hospital was set up on the pier and was operating at capacity.
The DART's Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit, which produces potable water from whatever source is available, including sea water, was set up on a jetty in Jacmel.
Air traffic control was established at Jacmel Airport and, as of 22 January, the airport could accommodate a mix of 160 military and civilian fixed-wing and helicopter flights a day.
As of 24 January in Jacmel, the organization of refugee camps continued, with the start of construction of proper latrines.
Food distribution was being delivered by the UN, with Canadian soldiers providing security, and Haitian Girl Guides and Boy Scouts handling crowd control and organization.
Canadian military firefighters were inspecting buildings in Jacmel to ascertain which were structurally sound and usable.
A Canadian military clinic had been set up on the beach, with the Forces also establishing a tent city for those residents who had lost their homes.
On 28 January, Jacmel's first post-quake baby was born at the DART clinic.
Late in January, plans were made with the U.S. to shift military flights from Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince to Jacmel Airport, to allow civilian flights into the capital's airport.
It was expected that approximately 100 flights would be shifted to Jacmel.
Canadian Forces were preparing for the increase in traffic, and were already dealing with degradation of the airstrip surface due to its current overuse.
The Canadian Forces also started to monitor Jacmel-area orphanages to help protect against orphan-trafficking.
After three weeks of operations, the Canadian Forces were "everywhere" in the Leogane-Jacmel Corridor.
On 19 February, finished its operational tour, and left Jacmel.
As of 22 February, military evacuation flights ended, Canadians that desired to leave were required to depart via commercial flights via Port-au-Prince International Airport, which had resumed operations.
Over 4600 Canadians were evacuated on 48 flights.
50 Canadians were still listed as missing, while 34 were confirmed as killed. 1,681 members of the Canadian Forces remained in Haiti.
On 22 February, Foreign Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon announced the start of a progressive drawdown of deployed Canadian Forces in Haiti.
On 2 March, HMCS "Halifax" returned to CFB Halifax.
On 5 March, it was announced that the 850 soldiers from CFB Valcartier of Joint Task Force Haiti (JTF Haiti, JTFH) would start gradually returning.
As of 7 March 90 members of the Van Doos had returned home.
It was announced that HMCS "Athabaskan" would end its mission on 10 March.
On 9 March, the Jacmel dockside Canadian walk-in medical clinic closed, after treating more than 10,000 patients.
As of 16 March, the Canadian military vacated Jacmel.
"Athabaskan" returned to CFB Halifax on 17 March 2010.
On 1 April 2010, the Joint Task Force Support Element closed the mission and the last remaining Canadian military forces left the theatre from the Port-au-Prince International Airport.
Reactions.
After a fortnight of operations, a survey showed significant approval of the operation as a fitting Canadian response.
The UN also expressed approval of the mission by Canada, but stated that the Canadian troops would not stay long.
After three weeks of operations, the Haitians of Jacmel were happy with the help the Canadian Forces were providing.
After five weeks, morale was high amongst Canadian Forces personnel deployed to Haiti.
After two months, the Haitian government expressed its gratitude for Canada's help.
Many groups charge that the Canadian Forces departed Jacmel abruptly, leaving it in no condition to continue on as a receiving and distribution hub.
After the pullout, the airport could no longer process international flights, as no equipment remained to operate the control tower, nor heavy equipment to process the planes, or security to police supplies at the airport.
The seaport was left without heavy equipment to handle cargo on ships, and without security to secure the port.
An internal governmental report on the operation after its conclusion noted that the DART team was not given priority in aid flights, and were left without equipment supplies or security that it needed to function at full capacity.
It further stated that various media groups and special interest groups were bumping supplies and personnel for the operation off the flights into Haiti from Canada.
Other less critical supplies from aid groups were bumping critical supplies and equipment.
William Henry Puglsey (1851 - 1933) was the reeve of Richmond Hill, Ontario, from 1885 to 1896 and from 1907 to 1918.
Pugsley began his career as a butcher and cattle dealer in Richmond Hill.
He was elected to the Richmond Hill Village Council after standing for election as a councillor in 1880 and reelected in 1881, 1882 and 1883.
In 1885 he stood for reeve and was elected.
He was reelected every year until 1896.
He was again elected to the position in 1907, successfully seeking reelection through 1918.
Pugsley died in 1933 and was buried in Richmond Hill Presbyterian Cemetery.
Nangal Buttar is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India.
It is located from sub district headquarter, from district headquarter and from Sri Hargobindpur.
The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.
Demography.
, The village has a total number of 221 houses and the population of 1047 of which 540 are males while 507 are females.
Opel Blitz ("Blitz" being German for "lightning") was the name given to various light and middle-weight trucks built by the German Opel automobile manufacturer between 1930 and 1975.
The original logo for this truck, two stripes arranged loosely like a lightning symbol in the form of a horizontally stretched letter "Z", still appears in the current Opel logo.
The Blitz name was then applied to the British-made Bedford CF when it replaced the Blitz in certain markets.
History.
1930.
During the years preceding World War II Opel was Germany's largest truck producer.
The "Blitz" name, coined in a prize competition, was first applied to the new Opel truck presented in November 1930.
As part of the Nazi economy and the German re-armament efforts the authorities ordered the construction of the "Opelwerk Brandenburg" facilities in 1935, and through 1944 more than 130,000 "Blitz" trucks and chassis were produced.
Following General Motors' takeover of Opel in 1929, the production tools for the Marquette engine were exported to Germany as this Buick sub-brand was made defunct.
Opel's own 2.6-liter four-cylinder engine with was also available.
The Marquette engine was replaced in 1937 with a modern overhead valve straight-six engine also used in Opel Admiral passenger cars.
From 1939, the "Blitz 3.6" three-tonne version was used in large numbers by the German armed forces ("Wehrmacht") throughout World War II.
Variants included an elongated version and the four-wheel drive "Blitz A".
To cope with the bad road conditions and the "rasputitsa" mud seasons on the Eastern Front, a half-tracked "Maultier" ("mule") "Sd.Kfz. 3" version was built using tracks and suspension based on the British Universal Carrier.
Among others, these were used as service vehicles for the Messerschmitt Me 323 military transport aircraft.
On 6 August 1944, the "Opelwerk Brandenburg" was devastated by an RAF air raid.
Until the end of the war, about 2,500 "Blitz 3.6" trucks were built by order of Minister of Armaments Albert Speer at the Mannheim plant of the rival Daimler-Benz company, while production of its own Mercedes-Benz L3000 model had to be discontinued.
After the war, the facilities in Brandenburg were completely dismantled at the behest of the Soviet Military Administration, while Daimler-Benz in Mannheim resumed building the "Blitz 3.6" under the designation "L 701" until 1949.
Nazi war crimes.
It is claimed that Opel used forced labor to build the Blitz.
The degree of control that General Motors in the US had over Opel at the time is subject to debate, but by production numbers alone, it is evident that Opel was heavily involved in production of trucks and other equipment for the Nazi war machine.
The Opel Blitz was one of the vehicles (along with Renault, Saurer and Magirus based vehicles) used by Germans in The Holocaust as a gas van to kill with carbon monoxide.
Post-war.
The first postwar Blitz was completed on 15 July 1946 in the presence of United States Army General Geoffrey Keyes and other local leaders and press reporters.
The first post-war designed Blitz in 1952 and had the same cabin as the Chevrolet Advance Design, albeit with a different front end and coupled with the pre-war chassis, alongside a more economical Opel engine.
The new 1.75 ton truck was offered with a van and pickup body.
The new model retained the pre-war chassis with the straight-six petrol engine.
Opel remained the market leader for light trucks despite strong competition especially by the newly designed 1955 Mercedes-Benz L 319 model and the Ford FK series, as well as Hanomag and Borgward vans.
The 1.75 to model was a very popular fire engine (LF8-TS), typically equipped with an engine driven pump mounted at the front bumper and a second, portable pump in the back of the truck.
The portable pump was powered by a 34 hp Volkswagen engine and weighed about 400 lbs.
Firetruck conversions were made by companies such as Ziegler, Metz and Rosenbauer.
In 1960, the 1.9-tonner with 2.6-liter engine replaced the previous 1.75-tonne model.
This model (later dubbed Opel "Blitz A") was distinguished by a cab forward design and a revised six-cylinder engine, leading to less overall length and more cargo space.
Due to the powerful engine, the truck was an excellent performer for its time, and the 1.9-tonne model with 2.6 L engine was like his predecessor a common base for a light fire truck.
The configuration was similar to the one described above for the 1.75-tonner.
However, commercial sales of this model declined during the production run, mainly due to the lack of an economic diesel option.
The Opel "Blitz B" was launched in 1965, and was the last of the Opel Blitz trucks.
To improve fuel economy, this model was available with a 1.9-liter four-cylinder cam-in-head option.
Alternatively, a 2.5 liter six-cylinder version of the new CIH engine series could be ordered.
These engines were also available in the contemporary Rekord and Commodore models, but the Blitz engines had a stronger ground construction and were de-tuned for more torque and better economy.
Opel GM decided not to develop a successor, and in 1975, the production of Opel commercial vehicles finally ceased.
Bedford Blitz.
According to the corporate policy of General Motors, from 1973 to 1987 a successor vehicle produced by Bedford Vehicles of Luton, and based on the Bedford CF, was sold in the German market as the Bedford Blitz, to fill the replacement need for the Opel Blitz.
Imports to Germany ended in 1987, and Opel left the commercial sector, instead focusing on car-derived vans such as the Opel Astravan and Opel Corsavan.
Moya joined River Plate in 2010, he was promoted into the club's first-team squad in 2016.
He scored his first career goal on 2 December 2018 against Gimnasia y Esgrima.
January 2019 saw Moya leave on loan to Banfield.
He remained for two seasons, making ten appearances in all competitions - though he started just twice.
Upon returning to River in 2020, Moya was offered a contract extension through to 2022.
International career.
Moya is eligible to play for Argentina or Chile internationally, the latter due to him having Chilean heritage through his grandparents.
In the United States, the calculus of negligence, also known as the Hand rule, Hand formula, or BPL formula, is a term coined by Judge Learned Hand which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence).
The original description of the calculus was in "United States v. Carroll Towing Co.", in which an improperly secured barge had drifted away from a pier and caused damage to several other boats.
Articulation of the rule.
"L" is the gravity of loss.
The product of P x L must be a greater amount than B to create a duty of due care for the defendant.
Rationale.
The calculus of negligence is based on the Coase theorem.
The tort system acts as if, before the injury or damage, a contract had been made between the parties under the assumption that a rational, cost-minimizing individual will not spend money on taking precautions if those precautions are more expensive than the costs of the harm that they prevent.
In other words, rather than spending money on safety, the individual will simply allow harm to occur and pay for the costs of that harm, because that will be more cost-efficient than taking precautions.
This represents cases where B is greater than PL.
If the harm could be avoided for "less" than the cost of the harm (B is less than PL), then the individual "should" take the precautions, rather than allowing the harm to occur.
If precautions were not taken, we find that a legal duty of care has been breached, and we impose liability on the individual to pay for the harm.
Where precautions are prohibitively expensive, it does not.
In marginal-cost terms, we require individuals to invest one unit of precautions up until the point that those precautions prevent exactly one unit of harm, and no less.
Mathematical rationale.
A common metric for quantifying losses in the case of work accidents is the present value of lost future earnings and medical costs associated with the accident.
Assuming that losses are positive, common choices for loss distributions include the gamma, lognormal, and Weibull distributions.
Criticism.
Critics point out that term "gravity of loss (L)" is vague, and could entail a wide variety of damages, from a scratched fender to several dead victims.
Even then, on top of that, how exactly a juror should determine a value for such a loss is abstract in itself.
The speculative nature of the rule also seizes upon how a juror should determine the probability of loss (P).
Additionally, the rule fails to account for possible alternatives, whether it be the use of alternate methods to reach the same outcome, or abandoning the risky activity altogether.
Human teams estimating risk need to guard against judgment errors, cf. absolute probability judgement.
Use in practice.
In the U.S., juries, with guidance from the court, decide what particular acts or omissions constitute negligence, so a reference to the standard of ordinary care removes the need to discuss this moot "rule".
Juries are not told this "rule" but essentially use their common sense to decide what an ordinarily careful person would have done under the circumstances.
The "calculus of negligence" has less practical value for the lay researcher seeking to understand how the courts actually determine negligence cases in the United States than the jury instructions used by the courts in the individual states.
Outside legal proceedings, this rule is the core premise of insurance, risk management, quality assurance, information security and privacy practices.
It factors into due care and due diligence decisions in business risk.
Restrictions exist in the cases where the loss applies to human life or the probability of adverse finding in court cases.
One famous case of abuse by industry in recent years related to the Ford Pinto.
Quality assurance techniques extend the use of probability and loss to include uncertainty bounds in each quantity and possible interactions between uncertainty in probability and impact for two purposes.
First, to more accurately model customer acceptance and process reliability to produce wanted outcomes.
Second, to seek cost effective factors either up or down stream of the event that produce better results at sustainably reduced costs.
Example, simply providing a protective rail near a cliff also includes quality manufacture features of the rail as part of the solution.
Reasonable signs warning of the risk before persons reach the cliff may actually be more effective in reducing fatalities than the rail itself.
Australia.
In Australia, the calculus of negligence is a normative judgement with no formula or rule.
In NSW, the test is how a reasonable person (or other standard of care) would respond to the risk in the circumstances considering the 'probability that the harm would occur if care were not taken' and, 'the likely seriousness of the harm', 'the burden of taking precautions to avoid the risk of harm', and the 'social utility of the activity that creates the risk of harm'.
State and Territory legislatures require that the social utility of the activity that creates the risk of harm be taken into account in determining whether or not a reasonable person would have taken precautions against that risk of harm.
Originating as performers of shamanistic rituals performed to appease the souls of the dead, originally functioned as priestesses designed to deal with death.
Though they played a role in conducting royal funerals, with the introduction of Buddhism and Confucianism in the 700s, the place of in royal funerals disappeared, and they instead became known for their songs.
In combination with receiving gifts for sexual favors, became the source of wealth for .
Though they conducted business similarly to prostitutes, they were considered to be performers because of their musical talents.
History of the term. priestesses worshipped the goddess Ame-no-Uzume-no-Mikoto and believed themselves to be her descendants.
The term is said to come from a myth about the goddess Ame-no-Uzume on the origins of the Japanese nation recorded in the (Record of Ancient Matters).
He repeatedly pranked Amaterasu which drove her to hide away in a rock cave.
Her retreat brought darkness to the celestial realm and gods gathered at the cave.
Ame-no-Uzume-no-Mikoto danced in front of the gathered gods.
Divinely possessed, she became half-naked and exposed her breasts and lower body to the crowd.
This made the gods burst into laughter.
Upon hearing the commotion, Amaterasu peeked out of the cave to quell her curiosity.
Ame-no-Uzume's actions are labeled in the Kojiki as , which directly translates to "play".
Ame-no-Uzume's actions were essentially a shamanistic ritual now interpreted as the archetypal funerary ritual performed to appease the soul of the dead.
Before changes in the early 700s, functioned as priestesses designed to deal with death and the relief of society from potential chaos and communal paralysis.
They brought collective renewal in times of loss through transformational magic.
From the myth as well as their social function, the archetypal image of became that of a priestess and entertainer who mediated the worlds of light and darkness, or life and death.
The special lineage group who served the royal morticians were called the . lineage was succeeded by female clan members, but included some male members who worked as assistants.
The had exclusive access to royal coffins during enshrinement.
They performed ritual dances and incantations that were passed down secretly through generations.
Their rituals were considered crucial for deaths in the imperial court so they were granted immunity from conscript labor and taxes.
They also had a distinct naming practice.
In contrast to the standard convention during the Heian period, which identified both men and women in name by their parents, office, status, or court occupation, used personal names.
Somewhat similar to stage names, this naming practice indicated occupied a position outside the hierarchy of the court and patriarchal family.
These codes adopted the legal and administrative system of China in attempts to consolidate central government power.
Much of China's system was based on Confucianism, and as such many areas of Japan enforced the Confucian ethic of hard work, with a large shift in focus to agriculture production.
Since were exempt from conscripted labor, they did not contribute to agrarian processes and were viewed as non-productive.
Buddhist priests, which consisted of mostly males, took over imperial funerary operations and the lost their status.
Once the center of the religious sphere, became a part of periphery society.
After being pushed out of their role in funerary proceedings, women were forced to find a new way to survive which led them to use their traditional dances and songs to survive.
This, however, did not provide them enough funds to survive, leading them to turn to prostitution.
Despite taking part in sexually explicit acts, societally were not considered prostitutes as they did not solicit money, only accept gifts.
At the time there was no legislation on prostitution in Japan, making it hard to distinguish between prostitutes and sexual partners who received gifts.
After having been forced out of their profession's original focus, had begun to take up permanent domiciles by the late 11th century.
The most fabled colonies concentrated at Eguchi along the Yodo River.
As the ports became busier with an increase in trade, performances became more popular.
Additionally alongside the river, there were many shrines that people pilgrimaged to, many of these pilgrims took part in and supported the women.
They became so popular that the describes their quarters as lining the doors of Kanzaki and Kanishima in the Settsu Province. sometimes visited the homes of patrons but customers could be entertained at dwellings similar to travelers inns located along highways called .
Some even became landowners, a privilege held only by the upper echelons of Heian society. were trained in performing songs of the genre.
Some of the lyrics of the come directly from sutras or vignettes of everyday life.
The were sung to the beat of a small drum, but as all that remains of them is their lyrics, little is known of their rhythm or melody.
The became a popular form of music in the Heian courts, which attracted many aristocratic men. had an internal structure, headed by a headmistress called a , , or .
The headmistress would have achieved her status through superior skills and immense personal charm.
She could also be chosen based on wealth or personal connections, as some came from prominent families who had fallen from power.
This role was often passed down hereditarily through mother and daughter.
The mistress would work to protect the group members from exploitative customers, maintain group order, and distribute goods as needed amongst members.
Most transactions were conducted on the water.
The reason could openly solicit to their customers during broad daylight in front of onlookers was because they were considered talented performing artists.
Without their musical qualifications, they would have been considered and had to conduct business according to certain rules.
Their talent and magnetism also meant that high-level aristocrats were not afraid to admit they enjoyed the company of , and it was not unheard of for to marry into noble families.
It is also said that the in their post-Buddhist form were not only entertainers, but retained some of their previous shamanistic elements.
Having sexual intercourse with an could be seen as a sacred act, as the replicated the performance of a wife.
Buddhists however were unwilling to brand women as wrongdoers, instead focusing on the trade resulting in them offering solutions for their pain.
In some tales, the would take vows and achieve rebirth in paradise where others portray as incarnations of Bodhisattvas.
Buddhists began to spread the idea that would violate men's control over their sexuality and therefore prevent their perusal of enlightenment. are often conflated with the , but these are two separate groups of women who despite similarities are not the same. women were a part of a nomadic group that included both men and women.
The men of this group worked at home while the women sang and practiced prostitution like the women. women practiced in different environments than the working mostly in interior walkways in Aohaka, Sunomata, and Nogami.
This dance was first performed in male dress.
Along with other female performers, these women quickly grew patronage from elite men in the courts, one of the most famous being Emperor Go-Toba, who, during the Kamakura period, invited many women on excursions and made many of these women his concubines.
In order to ensure business prosperity, began worshipping the god Hyukudaifu (also called Hyakudayu or Momodayu), generally represented in male form.
Hyakudaifu worship is a phallic cult with objects of veneration represented by male genitalia made of wood, paper, or stone. records say women kept thousands of these objects.
The cultic practice comes from the belief that praying to these objects and honoring Hyakudaifu would ensure continued success in drawing in male customers.
This practice of worship, however, went beyond private observance, and often took pilgrimages to shrines famous for Hyakudaifu practices, like the Hirota Shrine and the Sumiyoshi Shrine.
Coincidentally, these shrines also were popular religious destinations for aristocrats from the capital.
These chance encounters led to more business for the and the beneficial results promoted the effectiveness of the Hyakudaifu cult among .
This led to more offerings for the shrines and economic support for the .
Go-Shirakawa.
During his reign, he fell in love with an named Tamba-no-tsubone, who became one of his secondary wives.
They had a prince and she makes appearances in his memoirs.
He is known for his integral connections to the art form, spending years cultivating his skills before and through his reign.
It was not unusual for him to forego sleep and endure physical discomforts to master the art.
Some of these women took part in critical discussions of the art form, showing pride in their profession.
This created a dialogue between the upper and lower class and helped restore some status to the community.
One such woman by the name of Kane was the lady-in-waiting for his mother.
In the year 1157, he invited an expert by the name of Otomae, an elderly woman in her 70s, to his court.
She came from the most authentic lineage, and the emperor dedicated his time to relearning the art in its entirety.
She taught him for over a decade and then made him the successor of her school of .
Every year after Otomae's passing, the emperor would hold a memorial service and sing at the anniversary of her death.
The book took him two decades to compile, completing the work in 1179.
The is an important document in analyzing ancient culture in Japan. lyrics are one of the few resources that exists to this day that not only show the viewpoint of elite women, but also allow lower-class women their chance to express themselves and the world around them.
The name Glenfiddich derives from the Scottish Gaelic "Gleann Fhiodhaich" meaning "valley of the deer", which is reflected in Glenfiddich's stag logo.
History.
The Glenfiddich Distillery was founded in 1886 by William Grant in Dufftown, Scotland, in the glen of the River Fiddich.
The Glenfiddich single malt whisky first ran from the stills on Christmas Day, 1887.
In the 1920s, with prohibition in force in the US, Glenfiddich was one of a very small number of distilleries to increase production.
This put them in a strong position to meet the sudden rise in demand for fine aged whiskies that came with the repeal of prohibition.
In the 1950s, the Grant family built up an onsite infrastructure that included coppersmiths to maintain the copper stills, and a dedicated cooperage that is now one of the very few remaining in distilleries.
In 1956 the Grant's brand launched the now-iconic triangular bottle, designed by Hans Schleger.
Following difficult times in the 1960s and '70s, many small, independent distillers were bought up or went out of business.
This marketing strategy was successful, and Glenfiddich has since become the world's best-selling single malt.
Glenfiddich is currently managed by the fifth generation of William Grant's descendants.
In 2015, Glenfiddich commissioned ad agency Gravity Thinking to create a high tech YouTube campaign titled "The Finishing Touch" to promote the relaunch of their 21yo single malt, aged in Caribbean Reserva Rum Casks.
The video showed a levitron isolating a single drop of whisky in a mid-air suspended animation, and featured Puerto Rican singer Calma Carmona performing the Franz Ferdinand song "Love Illumination" with the orchestra of the Scottish Opera arranged and conducted by Derek Williams.
By the end of the campaign, the video had garnered more then 1.7 million YouTube hits.
In 2019 there were eight artists in residence and in 2021, there were six artists in residence.
In 2021, the distillery began converting distillery trucks to run on Biogas made from the distillery waste products.
Production and location.
The Glenfiddich distillery produce the Glenfiddich whisky in Dufftown, Moray.
Glenfiddich is a single malt Scotch whisky, this means the whisky was distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and must be made from a mash of malted barley.
Onsite there are 31 distinctively-shaped "swan neck" copper pot stills.
These stills are smaller than those now in use at most other major distilleries.
All stills are handmade and Glenfiddich employs a team of craftsmen and coppersmiths to maintain them.
These stills have a capacity of around 13,000,000 litres of spirit.
The water source for Glenfiddich Whisky is The Robbie Dhu springs nearby to the distillery.
Glenfiddich has a bottling hall onsite along with a large bottling plant in Bellshill.
Glenfiddich is a distillery in Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail, a tourism initiative featuring seven working Speyside distilleries including Glenfiddich, a historic distillery (Dallas Dhu, now a museum) and the Speyside Cooperage.
Critical acclaim.
Glenfiddich's whiskies have performed well at international spirits ratings competitions.
The 12, 15, 18, and 21-year offerings have all rated well in the San Francisco World Spirits Competition and the Beverage Testing Institutes' reviews.
Glenfiddich Awards.
Started in 1970, Glenfiddich promoted the Glenfiddich Food and Drink Awards to honour distinguished writing and broadcasting in the fields of food and drink in the UK.
Started in 1998, Glenfiddich promoted the Glenfiddich Spirit of Scotland Awards.
The Glenfiddich Spirit of Scotland Awards were annual awards given to notable Scottish people.
Glenfiddich sponsored the event, in association with The Scotsman newspaper.
Nine awards were distributed for art, business, environment, food, music, screen, sport, writing and "Top Scot".
A consulting panel nominated four people in each category, with the winner decided by a public vote.
The "Top Scot" is an open award, with the public able to nominate anyone.
Neglect is defined as giving little attention to or to leave undone or unattended to, especially through carelessness.
Mortuary neglect can comprise many things, such as bodies being stolen from the morgue, or bodies being mixed up and the wrong one was buried.
When a mortuary fails to preserve a body correctly, it could also be considered neglect because of the consequences.
Patient neglect concerns people in hospitals, in nursing homes, or being cared for in home.
It also encompasses patients getting rashes, lice, and other sores from being improperly cared for.
Types of mortuary neglect and the law.
The general sign of mortuary neglect (in terms of forensic entomology) is an infestation of maggots or some other insect (such as cockroaches) of a corpse.
This should not be confused with insects found on a body before they are transferred to the morgue.
The following examples are forms of mortuary neglect that pertain to the ethical treatment of a corpse.
Improper embalming.
Improper embalming is the utilization of embalming techniques that cause premature decomposition of the body especially in cases where the body in question is to be presented in an open-casket funeral.
In addition, not refrigerating the body immediately following death, but before the embalming process could lead to rapid deterioration of the human remains as well.
She claimed that the embalming fluid was leaking and that her husband's skin was decomposing at an alarming rate.
John T. Rhines Co. re-embalmed Mr. Washington in efforts to make his body presentable.
However, they failed to restore Mr. Washington's body completely.
Cooley v. State Board of Funeral Directors and Embalmers.
On May 3, 1956, Cooley, a petitioner of a particular funeral home tried to appeal the revoke of his license by the California state board of funeral directors and embalmers.
The case reveals the reasons as to why the license was revoked.
Needless to say, the appeal was not granted.
Fencing stolen organs.
This form of abuse consists of selling body parts stolen from carcasses that are sent to the morgue for embalming.
Commingling of ashes.
Commingling of ashes is putting several bodies in the same crematorium during the same burn cycle.
This act undermines the respect due a passed loved one.
Unauthorized disposal.
In this form of abuse, funeral home operators dispose of the body in a manner not authorized by the deceased's loved ones.
Christensen v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County.
On June 28, 1990, a court heard a case on a class action suit against multiple funeral service operators.
These acts included all of the types of mortuary neglect mentioned above in this section.
The case contended that the defendants violated conscionable standards regarding the treatment of the deceased.
This practice occurred for nearly a decade and victimized approximately 17,000 decedents and their families.
Unethical treatment of the deceased.
Any violation of the standards that any reasonable person would expect of a Mortuary operator could be considered in this category.
Dennis v. Robbins Funeral Home.
James Dennis, widower of Molly Dennis, sued Robbins Funeral Home on August 24, 1987.
Before Mrs. Dennis was to be cremated, Lee Miller, the funeral director of Robbins Funeral Home called the family to see the body.
When the family arrived, to their dismay, they found Molly Dennis's body unprofessionally presented in an unhygienic environment as unspecified limbs were hanging off the dissection table and into a dirty sink.
Mr. Dennis was not, however, able to successfully sue the funeral home because the judicial history in the area did not include a precedent for funeral home malpractice.
National Funeral Directors Association.
The National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA) is an organization in the United States that regulates mortuaries and morgues and their activities regarding the embalming and interring of the deceased.
With any complaint including mortuary neglect, the NFDA has a fifteen step disciplinary process it goes through to determine the severity of the situation.
After receiving a complaint, a committee reviews the situation even to the extent of an investigation and then they determine the consequences of the violation.
Those considered in violation of the NFDA's policies could face punitive action ranging from a warning to suspension from the organization.
Trends.
There are certain segments of the health care industry that are seeing downward moves in neglect, while other sections are experiencing unfortunate growth.
In modern hospitals the most prevalent form of neglect deals with the patients themselves neglecting their own care.
However, in other segments such as assisted living for mentally deficient patients the rates of abuse and neglect are still relatively high.
Mortuary neglect is another segment that has peculiar trends.
There are relatively few morticians that just refuse to perform their duties.
However, cases of ethically questionable practices can be easily found.
Morticians only preserving visible body parts, incomplete embalming and defrauding families are just a few examples of reported cases of neglect.
Increasingly medical journals are recommending that doctors become more active in attempting to persuade parents and guardians of children to either accept or continue treatment for diseases or injuries in order to avoid a neglect case.
In the American Orthopedic Journal a case study was presented where a doctor suggested that an effort to convince a girl's mother to adequately treat a case of ambylopia to avoid potential neglect.
While a viewpoint arguing this was unnecessary, it shows a growing trend to go beyond traditional measures to avoid neglect charges.
History.
From the times of the ancient Egyptians, cases of mortuary neglect have been recorded.
The process of embalming is to preserve the dead for burial, as the Egyptians believed the afterlife was just as important as life itself.
However, if a woman was married to an embalmer, he would likely keep her preserved for his own benefit until obvious decomposition took place.
Dignity for the dead is now a legal matter, as patient neglect has always been.
Abuse in the healthcare system is another huge problem in today's society.
Nursing homes and hospitals are preying grounds for predators of the weak and disabled.
In 2001 a nursing home in Ossining, New York was closed because of neglect and unsafe conditions that existed for the patients.
US state laws.
He played professional baseball for nine years from 1921 to 1929, including two seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers in 1922 and 1923.
He also played seven years in the minor leagues and played college baseball at Cornell University.
Early years.
Olsen was born in South Norwalk, Connecticut, in 1894.
He graduated from Norwalk High School in 1913 and then attended Cornell University where he played for the Cornell Big Red baseball team.
His college career was interrupted by military service during World War I.
After being discharged from the military, he returned to Cornell and served as the captain of Cornell's baseball team in 1919.
Professional baseball.
He compiled a record of 7-6 with five complete games with a 4.53 earned run average (ERA).
In 1923, he appeared in 17 games, only two as a starter, and had a record of 1-1 with an ERA of 6.31.
Interviewed in 1976, Olsen recalled striking out Babe Ruth on June 14, 1922, with two runners on base and the Tigers leading, 4-2.
Olsen recalled that, when Babe stepped to the plate, he tried to rattle the rookie pitcher by calling him an SOB and telling him to "throw the ball and duck."
Olsen responded by calling Babe "a big baboon" and striking him out.
An account in "The New York Times" confirms that Olsen struck out Ruth with two men on base in the bottom of the fifth inning and with the Tigers leading, 4-2.
Olsen also pitched for seven years in the minor leagues, including stints with the Syracuse Stars of the International League in 1921 and 1926, the Birmingham Barons of the Southern Association in 1924, the Nashville Volunteers of the Southern Association in 1924 and 1925, the Kansas City Blues of the American Association from 1925 to 1927, and the Atlanta Crackers of the Southern Association in 1928 and 1929.
He compiled a 63-63 record in 226 minor league games.
Later years.
After retiring from baseball, Olsen worked for 37 years for a liquor manufacturer.
He and his wife, Margaret Mary, lived in the same house in Rowayton, Connecticut, for almost 50 years.
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 12 July 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
In 1016, the kingdom became part of the North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway.
The Norman conquest of England in 1066 led to the transfer of the English capital city and chief royal residence from the Anglo-Saxon one at Winchester to Westminster, and the City of London quickly established itself as England's largest and principal commercial centre.
The completion of the conquest of Wales by Edward I in 1284 put Wales under the control of the English crown.
From the 1340s the kings of England also laid claim to the crown of France, but after the Hundred Years' War and the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses in 1455, the English were no longer in any position to pursue their French claims and lost all their land on the continent, except for Calais.
After the turmoils of the Wars of the Roses, the Tudor dynasty ruled during the English Renaissance and again extended English monarchical power beyond England proper, achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542.
From the accession of James VI and I in 1603, the Stuart dynasty ruled England in personal union with Scotland and Ireland.
Under the Stuarts, the kingdom plunged into civil war, which culminated in the execution of Charles I in 1649.
The monarchy returned in 1660, but the Civil War had established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without the consent of Parliament.
This concept became legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
From this time the kingdom of England, as well as its successor state the United Kingdom, functioned in effect as a constitutional monarchy.
On 1 May 1707, under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Name.
The Anglo-Saxons referred to themselves as the "Engle" or the "Angelcynn", originally names of the Angles.
The name "Engla land" became "England" by haplology during the Middle English period ("Engle-land", "Engelond").
The Latin name was "Anglia" or "Anglorum terra", the Old French and Anglo-Norman one "Engleterre".
By the 14th century, "England" was also used in reference to the entire island of Great Britain.
Cnut, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England".
In the Norman period ' remained standard, with occasional use of ' ("King of England").
From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of ' or "".
In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) "King of Great Britain".
The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707.
History.
Anglo-Saxon England.
The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon life in general.
During the Heptarchy, the most powerful king among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms might become acknowledged as Bretwalda, a high king over the other kings.
The decline of Mercia allowed Wessex to become more powerful, absorbing the kingdoms of Kent and Sussex in 825.
The kings of Wessex increasingly dominated the other kingdoms of England during the 9th century.
In 827, Northumbria submitted to Egbert of Wessex at Dore, briefly making Egbert the first king to reign over a united England.
In 886, Alfred the Great retook London, which he apparently regarded as a turning point in his reign.
The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" says that "all of the English people ("all Angelcyn") not subject to the Danes submitted themselves to King Alfred."
Asser added that "Alfred, king of the Anglo-Saxons, restored the city of London splendidly ... and made it habitable once more."
Alfred's restoration entailed reoccupying and refurbishing the nearly deserted Roman walled city, building quays along the Thames, and laying a new city street plan.
It is probably at this point that Alfred assumed the new royal style 'King of the Anglo-Saxons.'
During the following years Northumbria repeatedly changed hands between the English kings and the Norwegian invaders, but was definitively brought under English control by Eadred in 954, completing the unification of England.
At about this time, Lothian, a portion of the northern half of Northumbria (Bernicia), was ceded to the Kingdom of Scotland.
This can be considered England's 'foundation date', although the process of unification had taken almost 100 years.
England has remained in political unity ever since.
In 1015, Sweyn's son Cnut (commonly known as Canute) launched a new invasion.
This continued for 26 years until the death of Harthacnut in June 1042.
The Kingdom of England was once again independent.
Norman conquest.
The peace lasted until the death of the childless Edward in January 1066.
His brother-in-law was crowned King Harold, but his cousin William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, immediately claimed the throne for himself.
William launched an invasion of England and landed in Sussex on 28 September 1066.
Harold and his army were in York following their victory against the Norwegians at the Battle of Stamford Bridge (25 September 1066) when the news reached him.
He decided to set out without delay and confront the Norman army in Sussex so marched southwards at once, despite the army not being properly rested following the battle with the Norwegians.
The armies of Harold and William faced each other at the Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066), in which the English army, or "Fyrd", was defeated, Harold and his two brothers were slain, and William emerged as victor.
William was then able to conquer England with little further opposition.
He was not, however, planning to absorb the Kingdom into the Duchy of Normandy.
As a mere duke, William owed allegiance to Philip I of France, whereas in the independent Kingdom of England he could rule without interference.
He was crowned on 25 December 1066 in Westminster Abbey, London.
High Middle Ages.
In 1092, William II led an invasion of Strathclyde, a Celtic kingdom in what is now southwest Scotland and Cumbria.
In doing so, he annexed what is now the county of Cumbria to England.
In 1124, Henry I ceded what is now southeast Scotland (called Lothian) to the Kingdom of Scotland, in return for the King of Scotland's loyalty.
This final cession established what would become the traditional borders of England which have remained largely unchanged since then (except for occasional and temporary changes).
This area of land had previously been a part of the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria.
Lothian contained what later became the Scottish capital, Edinburgh.
This arrangement was later finalized in 1237 by the Treaty of York.
The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland took place during the late 12th century, when Anglo-Normans gradually conquered and acquired large swathes of land from the Irish, over which the Kingdom of England then claimed sovereignty, all allegedly sanctioned by the Papal bull "Laudabiliter".
At the time, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King claiming lordship over most of the other kings.
The Norman invasion was a watershed in Ireland's history, marking the beginning of more than 800 years of direct English and, later, British, involvement in Ireland.
The Duchy of Aquitaine came into personal union with the Kingdom of England upon the accession of Henry II, who had married Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine.
The Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy remained in personal union until John Lackland, Henry II's son and fifth-generation descendant of William I, lost the continental possessions of the Duchy to Philip II of France in 1204.
A few remnants of Normandy, including the Channel Islands, remained in John's possession, together with most of the Duchy of Aquitaine.
Conquest of Wales.
Up until the Norman conquest of England, Wales had remained for the most part independent of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, although some Welsh kings did sometimes acknowledge the Bretwalda.
Soon after the Norman conquest of England, however, some Norman lords began to attack Wales.
They conquered and ruled parts of it, acknowledging the overlordship of the Norman kings of England but with considerable local independence.
Over many years these "Marcher Lords" conquered more and more of Wales, against considerable resistance led by various Welsh princes, who also often acknowledged the overlordship of the Norman kings of England.
Edward I defeated Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, and so effectively conquered Wales, in 1282.
He created the title Prince of Wales for his heir, the future Edward II, in 1301.
Accordingly, this was a highly significant moment in the history of medieval England, as it re-established links with the pre-Saxon past.
These links were exploited for political purposes to unite the peoples of the kingdom, including the Anglo-Normans, by popularising Welsh legends.
Late Middle Ages.
Edward III was the first English king to have a claim to the throne of France.
Though the English won numerous victories, they were unable to overcome the numerical superiority of the French and their strategic use of gunpowder weapons.
England was defeated at the Battle of Formigny in 1450 and finally at the Battle of Castillon in 1453, retaining only a single town in France, Calais.
During the Hundred Years' War an English identity began to develop in place of the previous division between the Norman lords and their Anglo-Saxon subjects.
This was a consequence of sustained hostility to the increasingly nationalist French, whose kings and other leaders (notably the charismatic Joan of Arc) used a developing sense of French identity to help draw people to their cause.
The Anglo-Normans became separate from their cousins who held lands mainly in France and mocked the former for their archaic and bastardised spoken French.
English also became the language of the law courts during this period.
They were the founders of the Tudor dynasty, which ruled the kingdom from 1485 to 1603.
Tudor period.
Wales retained a separate legal and administrative system, which had been established by Edward I in the late 13th century.
The country was divided between the Marcher Lords, who gave feudal allegiance to the crown, and the Principality of Wales.
Wales was incorporated into the Kingdom of England, and henceforth was represented in the Parliament of England.
During the 1530s, Henry VIII overthrew the power of the Catholic Church within the kingdom, replacing the pope as head of his own English Church and seizing the Catholic Church's lands, thereby facilitating the creation of a variation of Catholicism that became more Protestant over time.
This had the effect of aligning England with Scotland, which also gradually adopted a Protestant religion, whereas the most important continental powers, France and Spain, remained Roman Catholic.
The "Tudor conquest" (or "reconquest") of Ireland' took place under the Tudor dynasty.
Following a failed rebellion against the crown by Silken Thomas, the Earl of Kildare, in the 1530s, Henry VIII was declared King of Ireland in 1542 by statute of the Parliament of Ireland, with the aim of restoring such central authority as had been lost throughout the country during the previous two centuries.
Calais, the last remaining continental possession of the Kingdom, was lost in 1558, during the reign of Philip and Mary I.
Their successor, Elizabeth I, consolidated the new and increasingly Protestant Church of England.
She also began to build up the kingdom's naval strength, on the foundations Henry VIII had laid down.
By 1588, her new navy was strong enough to defeat the Spanish Armada, which had sought to invade England to put a Catholic monarch on the throne in her place.
Early modern history.
The House of Tudor ended with the death of Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603.
James I ascended the throne of England and brought it into personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland.
Civil War and Interregnum.
The Stuart kings overestimated the power of the English monarchy, and were cast down by Parliament in 1645 and 1688.
Henceforth, the monarch could reign only at the will of Parliament.
After the trial and execution of Charles I in January 1649, the Rump Parliament passed an on 19 May 1649.
The monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished, and so the House of Commons became a unitary legislative chamber with a new body, the Council of State becoming the executive.
However the Army remained the dominant institution in the new republic and the most prominent general was Oliver Cromwell.
The Commonwealth fought wars in Ireland and Scotland which were subdued and placed under Commonwealth military occupation.
In April 1653 Cromwell and the other "Grandees" of the New Model Army, frustrated with the members of the Rump Parliament who would not pass legislation to dissolve the Rump and to allow a new more representative parliament to be elected, stopped the Rump's session by force of arms and declared the Rump dissolved.
After an experiment with a Nominated Assembly (Barebone's Parliament), the Grandees in the Army, through the Council of State imposed a new constitutional arrangement under a written constitution called the Instrument of Government.
Under the Instrument of Government executive power lay with a Lord Protector (an office to be held for the life of the incumbent) and there were to be triennial Parliaments, with each sitting for at least five months.
Article 23 of the Instrument of Government stated that Oliver Cromwell was to be the first Lord Protector.
The Instrument of Government was replaced by a second constitution (the Humble Petition and Advice) under which the Lord Protector could nominate his successor.
Cromwell nominated his son Richard who became Lord Protector on the death of Oliver on 3 September 1658.
Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
Richard proved to be ineffectual and was unable to maintain his rule.
He resigned his title and retired into obscurity.
The Rump Parliament was recalled and there was a second period where the executive power lay with the Council of state.
But this restoration of Commonwealth rule, similar to that before the Protectorate, proved to be unstable, and the exiled claimant, Charles II, was restored to the throne in 1660.
Union with Scotland.
In the Scottish case, the attractions were partly financial and partly to do with removing English trade sanctions put in place through the Alien Act 1705.
The English were more anxious about the royal succession.
The death of William III in 1702 had led to the accession of his sister-in-law Anne to the thrones of England and Scotland, but her only surviving child had died in 1700, and the English Act of Settlement 1701 had given the succession to the English crown to the Protestant House of Hanover.
Securing the same succession in Scotland became the primary object of English strategic thinking towards Scotland.
By 1704, the Union of the Crowns was in crisis, with the Scottish Act of Security allowing for the Scottish Parliament to choose a different monarch, which could in turn lead to an independent foreign policy during a major European war.
The English establishment did not wish to risk a Stuart on the Scottish throne, nor the possibility of a Scottish military alliance with another power.
A Treaty of Union was agreed on 22 July 1706, and following the Acts of Union of 1707, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain, the independence of the kingdoms of England and Scotland came to an end on 1 May 1707.
The Acts of Union created a customs union and monetary union and provided that any "laws and statutes" that were "contrary to or inconsistent with the terms" of the Acts would "cease and become void".
The English and Scottish Parliaments were merged into the Parliament of Great Britain, located in Westminster, London.
At this point England ceased to exist as a separate political entity, and since then has had no national government.
The laws of England were unaffected, with the legal jurisdiction continuing to be that of England and Wales, while Scotland continued to have its own laws and law courts.
This continued after the 1801 union between the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Government.
Territorial divisions.
The counties of England were established for administration by the Normans, in most cases based on earlier shires established by the Anglo-Saxons.
They ceased to be used for administration only with the creation of the administrative counties in 1889.
Counties were used initially for the administration of justice, collection of taxes and organisation of the military, and later for local government and electing parliamentary representation.
Some outlying counties were from time to time accorded palatine status with some military and central government functions vested in a local noble or bishop.
The last such, the County Palatine of Durham, did not lose this special status until the 19th century.
Although all of England was divided into shires by the time of the Norman conquest, some counties were formed considerably later, up to the 16th century.
Because of their differing origins the counties varied considerably in size.
The county boundaries were fairly static between the 16th century Laws in Wales acts and the Local Government Act 1888.
The power of the feudal barons to control their landholding was considerably weakened in 1290 by the statute of "Quia Emptores".
Feudal baronies became perhaps obsolete (but not extinct) on the abolition of feudal tenure during the Civil War, as confirmed by the Tenures Abolition Act 1660 passed under the Restoration which took away knight-service and other legal rights.
Tenure by knight-service was abolished and discharged and the lands covered by such tenures, including once-feudal baronies, were henceforth held by socage ("i.e. ", in exchange for monetary rents).
The English "Fitzwalter Case" in 1670 ruled that barony by tenure had been discontinued for many years and any claims to a peerage on such basis, meaning a right to sit in the House of Lords, were not to be revived, nor any right of succession based on them.
The Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 followed the conquest of Wales by Edward I of England.
It assumed the lands held by the Princes of Gwynedd under the title "Prince of Wales" as legally part of the lands of England, and established shire counties on the English model over those areas.
The Marcher Lords were progressively tied to the English kings by the grants of lands and lordships in England.
The Council of Wales and the Marches, administered from Ludlow Castle, was initially established in 1472 by Edward IV of England to govern the lands held under the Principality of Wales and the bordering English counties.
It was abolished in 1689.
The Acts had the effect of annexing Wales to England and creating a single state and legal jurisdiction, commonly referred to as England and Wales.
At the same time the Council of Wales was created in 1472, a Council of the North was set up for the northern counties of England.
After falling into disuse, it was re-established in 1537 and abolished in 1641.
A very short-lived Council of the West also existed for the West Country between 1537 and 1540.
Taxation.
In the Anglo-Saxon period, the geld or property tax was first levied in response to Danish invasions but later became a regular tax.
The majority of the king's income derived from the royal demesne and the annual "farm" from each shire (the fixed sum paid by sheriffs for the privilege of administering and profiting from royal lands).
Kings also made income from judicial fines and regulation of trade.
After the Conquest of 1066, the Normans continued collecting the geld regularly.
They also introduced new sources of revenue based on concepts of feudalism.
The king was entitled to collect a feudal aid when his eldest son was knighted, his eldest daughter married, or if the king needed to pay his own ransom.
The heir to a fief was also required to pay the king a feudal relief before he could take possession of his inheritance.
The king was also entitled to his vassals military service, but vassals could pay scutage instead.
Military.
In the Anglo-Saxon period, England had no standing army.
The king and magnates retained professional household troops ("see" housecarl), and all free men were obligated to perform military service in the fyrd.
In addition, holders of bookland were obligated to provide a certain number of men based on the number of hides they owned.
After the Norman Conquest, the king's household troops remained central to any royal army.
The Anglo-Saxon fyrd also remained in use.
But the Normans also introduced a new feudal element to the English military.
The king's tenants-in-chief (his feudal barons) were obligated to provide mounted knights for service in the royal army or to garrison royal castles.
In reality, the was greater than any king would actually need in wartime.
Its main purpose was for assessing how much scutage the king was owed.
The Argentine presidential election of 1886 was held on 11 April to choose the president of Argentina.
Background.
Confident of his authority following six years of peace and prosperity, President Roca was by then known for his shrewdness as "the fox."
A number of distinguished candidates appeared, including Buenos Aires Governor Dardo Rocha and Foreign Minister Bernardo de Irigoyen.
Plot.
Four young Frenchmen have to do their military service in Germany.
The strict discipline isn't to their liking.
Gerald Padua Santos (born May 15, 1991) is a Filipino singer and actor.
He was the grand champion of "Pinoy Pop Superstar" (Season 2) on GMA Network in 2006 and dubbed as "The Prince of Ballad".
In 2021, he was awarded Stage Performer of the Decade by BroadwayWorld Philippines (2011-2020) for his performances as Pedro Calungsod in San Pedro Calungsod The Musical.
He's also a 2-time "Entertainer of the Year" in the Aliw Awards (2020) (2022).
Gerald also has several film credits under his belt.
Introduction.
Gerald Padua Santos was the grand champion of "Pinoy Pop Superstar" Season 2 of GMA 7 and was dubbed as the Prince of Ballad.
Early life.
He was born Gerald Padua Santos on May 15, 1991, in Navotas, the second of five children.
His parents both worked at the Navotas Fish Port and were earning just enough to support the family.
His parents supported his interest in music from an early age.
He started singing at the age of 7 years old and started singing at his elementary school (Daanghari Elementary School) in Navotas.
He later joined amateur singing contests (around 50 amateur singing contests in Metro Manila and nearby provinces) and won in many.
He was studying at the Tangos National High School in Navotas when he decided to audition for Pinoy Pop Superstar of GMA-7 at the age of 15.
Career.
Singing.
In 2006, Santos became the grand champion of the second season of GMA Network's show "Pinoy Pop Superstar".
He was the youngest champion of the reality singing contest then hosted by Regine Velasquez.
He sang "Kahit Isang Saglit", "Hanggang" and "Close to Where You Are" as his winning songs in the Final night of PPS Season 2.
He has been praised on the show for his heartfelt singing.
After winning the PPS, Santos signed a five-year contract with GMA Records and became a regular on the TV series "SOP Rules".
He appeared on the primetime TV series "I Luv New York" and cohosted QTV's "Popstar Kids" in 2006.
His first single, "A Day on the Rainbow", was released in 2006.
He transferred to TV 5 in 2010, a year before his contract with GMA expired.
He then released the repackaged edition of "Pinakahihintay" for which he did a national mall tour and won awards.
Gerald won in the 3rd Star Awards (2011) for Music for the "Pinakahihintay" Repackaged edition Album as Male Pop Artist of the Year.
In 2012, he released his third album, Gerald Santos The Prince of Ballad.
The album won the Revival Album of the Year in the 5th Star Awards for Music in 2013.
His 4th album, "Gerald Santos Kahit Among Mangyari" was released in July 2015.
It was an all-original album with songs written by renowned composers.
Santos signed a 2-year contract with Star Music Philippines in May 2017 and released the single "I am Yours" in June 2017.
The follow-up single "Hindi Pa Huli ang Lahat" was set to be released in August 2017.
Concerts.
Santos has done five major solo concerts.
In 2012, Santos held the Isang Pasasalmat concert at the PETA-PHINMA Theater.
Gerald Santos It's Time! was held at the SM North EDSA Skydome on 2014.
His special guests were the UP Concert Chorus and Regine Velasquez.
In December 2019, Santos staged a major concert at NPAT Resorts World Manila.
His guests include Jett Pangarap, Nyoy Volante, Garrett Bolden, Rachel Chan, and Kyline Alcantara.
In 2022, he staged a concert in Vienna, Austria (VHS Paho) with guests Kathy Aquino, Mark Agpas, and Isabel Garcia.
He headlined concerts held in Nottinghill, London, in 2017 and 2019.
Musician.
Santos has composed and written a dozen songs, 4 of which were included in his sophomore album, Gerald Santos Pinakahintay The Repackaged Edition ("Kailan Masasabi", "I Cannot Imagine", "This Feeling Inside", "Gotta Be Strong").
For the "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical", he composed 8 songs.
Theater.
Santos has played lead roles in major productions.
The first was in 2011 in Gantimpala Theater Foundation's "Sino Ka Ba Jose Rizal".
The third was Redlife Entertainment Productions Inc.'s "San Pedro Calungsod the Musical".
Santos was also the play's composer.
In 2016, he auditioned for Miss Saigon and was chosen out of hundreds who auditioned for the role of Thuy.
Santos has logged in a total of 553 performances as Thuy and got rave reviews.
In October 2019, Santos played Anthony Hope in the Atlantis Theatrical's staging of , alongside Lea Salonga.
The musical was directed by Bobby Garcia and staged in Manila (The Theatre at Solaire) and Singapore Marina Bay Sands Theatre - November 28- December 8, 2020.
Television.
Santos was the grand champion of the season 2 of Pinoy Pop Superstar in GMA 7 in 2006 and it opened the doors of his TV career.
Santos was part of SOP and Party Pilipinas on GMA and was cast in GMA's primetime teleserye "I Luv New York" in 2006 where he played the brother of its lead Jolina Magdangal.
On TV5, where he appeared in the shows "P.O.5" (2010), "Fantastik" (2011), "Sunday Funday" (2012), "Hey It's Saberday!"
(2012).
He sang the theme song composed by National Artist Ryan Cayabyab for Nora Aunor's TV comeback "Sa Ngalan ng Ina".
At present, Santos is not under contract with any major network.
Santos has been performing on A Song of Praise songwriting competition on UNTV channel 37, hosted by Richard Reynoso and Toni Rose Gayda.
Movies.
Gerald Santos finished his first feature film in 2015, Memory Channel, directed by Rayn Brizuela and costarring Epy Quizon, Bodjie Pascua, and Michelle Vito.
The movie was an official selection for the 2016 World Premieres Film Festival, where it competed against 5 other Filipino films.
Santos received favorable reviews for his acting as an amnesia patient suffering from anxiety and panic attacks.
Awards and nominations.
The two pterygopalatine nerves (or sphenopalatine branches) descend to the pterygopalatine ganglion.
Although it is closely related to the pterygopalatine ganglion, it is still considered a branch of the maxillary nerve and does not synapse in the ganglion.
After studying with Freud, she trained at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute from 1925 to 1933 and went on to found the Dutch Psychoanalytic Institute with her husband.
In 1963 she was made the honorary vice-president of the International Psychoanalytical Association.
The University of Amsterdam, bestowed an honorary doctorate in 1970 and she was also recognized as an honorary member of the Netherlands Society of Psychiatry and Neurology in 1971.
Early life and education.
Jeanne Lampl-de Groot was born on 16 October 1895, the third of four children, to mother Henriette Dupont and father M.C.M. de Groot in Schiedam. in 1921.
Career and research.
During these years, she established a close personal and professional relationship with Freud and his daughter, Anna.
After studying with Freud, she trained further in psychoanalysis at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute, from 1925 to 1933.
She worked at the Institute of Psychoanalysis, Vienna for five years following her stint at the Berlin Institute, spurred to move by the election of the Nazi Party in Berlin in 1933.
At the Institute, Lampl-de Groot developed formal training for therapists and analysts.
She also wrote several papers on female sexuality and then transitioned her research into an exploration of psychoanalysis and its relationship to other sciences.
Honors and awards.
Honored in her later life, Lampl-de Groot was recognized by several psychiatric and psychoanalytic associations for her achievements.
In 1963 she was made the honorary vice-president of the International Psychoanalytical Association.
Her alma mater, the University of Amsterdam, bestowed an honorary doctorate in 1970.
She was also recognized as an honorary member of the Netherlands Society of Psychiatry and Neurology in 1971.
Personal life.
On 7 April 1925, Lampl-de Groot married Hans Lampl, another psychiatrist and former suitor of Anna Freud.
They had two children together, Henriette and Edith.
The following is an alphabetical list of subregions in the United Nations geoscheme for Europe, created by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).
The scheme subdivides the continent into Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, and Western Europe.
The UNSD notes that "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories".
Euro-Excellence Inc v Kraft Canada Inc, , is a Supreme Court of Canada judgment on Canadian copyright law, specifically on the issue of indirect infringement and its application to parallel importation.
A majority of the court found that the copyright claim could not succeed, although they split on whether the claim failed due to the rights of an exclusive licensee or due to the scope of copyright law.
Background.
These agreements were entered into with Kraft Foods Belgium SA and Kraft Foods Schweiz AG of Belgium and Switzerland, respectively.
Their distribution agreement with Kraft expired in 2000 and was not renewed, although they continued to import and distribute the chocolate bars which they legally acquired in Europe.
Beginning in 2001, Euro-Excellence also imported Toblerone bars from Europe without authorization.
Based on the distribution of logos on the chocolate bars, Kraft Canada Inc. sued Euro-Excellence for copyright infringement.
The Federal Court ruled in favour of Kraft Canada, finding that the logos in question were the proper subject matter for copyright, and that they were reproduced contrary to the "Copyright Act".
The Federal Court of Appeal allowed in the appeal in part and referred the issue of damages back to the trial judge.
Judgment of the Court.
Sale and distribution of copyrighted works.
Five justices (Rothstein, Binnie, Deschamps, Abella, and McLachlin) held that there was a sale and distribution of a copyrighted work under s. 27 of the "Copyright Act".
The copyrighted logos were sold as part of the packaging on the chocolate bars, and therefore constituted an infringing sale of a copyrighted work.
Rothstein J., with whom Binnie and Deschamps JJ. 1985, c. C-42.
Section 64(3)(b) of the Act extends copyright protection to trade-marks and labels.
When a product is sold, title to its wrapper is also transferred to the purchaser.
The Act is indifferent as to whether the sale of the wrapper is important to the consumer.
Bastarache J., with whom LeBel and Charron JJ. concurred, would have struck down Kraft Canada's claim based on his interpretation of the "Copyright Act", which precluded protection for works which were "merely incidental" to the product being sold.
Bastarache based this interpretation largely on the Supreme Court's rulings in "Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v. Canadian Assn. of Internet Providers" and "Kirkbi AG v. Ritvik Holdings Inc." to differentiate between the protection afforded by copyright law and trademark law.
Rights granted to exclusive licensees.
Rothstein J. noted that this section protected Canadian copyright holders from parallel importation of copyrighted works, because an infringing work in Canada may not necessarily be infringing in the country of its manufacture.
Therefore, s. 27(2)(e) requires, for imported goods, only that the plaintiff prove that the work "would infringe copyright if it had been made in Canada by the person who made it."
Five of the justices (Bastarache, LeBel, Charron, Abella, and McLachlin) interpreted s. 2.7 in the "Copyright Act" to mean that exclusive licensees had the same rights of the owner of a copyright, and that the right to sue the owner was granted in an exclusive license.
The remaining justices (Rothstein, Binnie, Deschamps, and Fish) focused on the distinction between an "assignee", a "non-exclusive licensee", and an "exclusive licensee", interpreting the different categories listed in the "Copyright Act" to mean that only an assignee could sue the original author or owner for copyright infringement, and that an exclusive licensee could sue all third parties for copyright infringement but not the owner-licensor.
Result.
Although the plaintiffs Kraft Canada Inc. won the legal argument for both issues (whether they were within their rights to sue as an exclusive licensee and whether there was a sale of a copyrighted work), they lost the case due to vote splitting.
Five justices decided that there was a sale of a copyrighted work (Rothstein, Binnie, Deschamps, Abella, and McLachlin), and five justices (Bastarache, LeBel, Charron, Abella, and McLachlin) decided that an exclusive licensee could sue the licensor on the basis of hypothetical infringement.
However, seven of the nine justices agreed that the copyright claim could not succeed - Rothstein, Binnie, Deschamps, and Fish allowed the appeal on the licensing issue while Bastarache, LeBel, and Charron allowed the appeal on the sale issue.
Only Abella and McLachlin would have found copyright infringement by finding in favour of the plaintiff on both the licensing and sale requirements.
Aftermath.
In response to the Supreme Court decision, Kraft Foods Belgium and Kraft Foods Switzerland assigned the copyrights in question to Kraft Canada.
Their theory of the case was that an outright assignment of copyright instead of an exclusive license would enable them to succeed against Euro-Excellence in a second case.
A second claim was served against Euro-Excellence on December 3, 2007.
Her more than 20 novels featured the same leading character, Inspector Septimus Finch.
Williams was a member of PEN International and the Crime Writers' Association.
Personal life.
Born in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Williams grew up in Devon, England.
Her parents were Thomas and Elizabeth (Erskine) Williams.
She was privately educated.
She died in 1984.
Critical reception.
Mary Helen Becker, writing in "Twentieth Century Crime and Mystery Writers", says that the Septimus Finch novels often feature large eccentric families, old houses, secret rooms, psychic phenomena, and "familiar puzzles".
Holiday is a 2006 Indian romantic dance film produced and directed by Pooja Bhatt and starring Dino Morea, Gulshan Grover and Onjolee Nair.
It is a remake of the 1987 American film "Dirty Dancing".
Plot summary.
Muskaan (Onjolee Nair) is a shy, wealthy girl who visits Goa with her family.
She meets Dino (Dino Morea), a dance performer at the holiday resort in Goa.
His dance partner, Alysha (Kashmira Shah), is betrayed by a man who impregnates her, so Muskaan comes to her aid by replacing her in Dino and Alysha's dance routine.
As Dino helps her train, love begins to bloom between them and problems arise.
Mount Li () is a mountain located in the northeast of Xi'an in Shaanxi Province, China.
The mountain is part of the Qinling mountain range and rises to a height of 1302 metres above sea level.
It is one of the eight scenic spots of the Guanzhong Plain and popularly said to "shine like a beacon in the evening sunlight".
History.
Some ancient tales say that the literal Chinese name "Black Steed Mountain" stems from its resemblance to a horse whilst others that the name arose during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties because the "Black Steed Tribe", lived in this area.
The two goddesses have long been worshipped on the same mountain.
In 771 BCE, King You of Zhou was slain at its foothills alongside his loyal vassal Huan of Zheng.
This marked the collapse of the mighty Western Zhou dynasty and began a very long age of endless conflict that devastated the Central Plains.
At the foot of the mountain is the necropolis of the first Emperor Qin Shi Huang, comprising his mausoleum and the Terracotta Army.
Huaqing Pool, a Tang Dynasty hot spring complex, stands at the foot of Mount Li.
Republic of China era.
In 1936, Kuomintang (KMT) leader Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Shaanxi Province and stayed at Huaqingchi.
His ostensible mission was to eradicate the local Communists and warlords but instead he was kidnapped whilst hiding in a crevice on Li Mountain in what became known as the Xi'an Incident.
After the incident, the KMT government built the simple "Minzu Fuxing Pavilion" () at the foot of the crevice in commemoration.
The building was reconstructed using steel and concrete in 1946 with the relevant funds subscribed by students of the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangdong.
It was renamed the "Zhengqi Pavilion" () with inscriptions in the building eulogizing Chiang authored by senior KMT officers.
People's Republic of China era.
Both terms refer to the Xi'an Incident.
Today, Li Mountain National Forest Park is a national level protected site and an AAAA rated tourist attraction classified as a cultural, and historic monument.
The winery is under the proprietorship of Emmanuel Cruse, of the Cruse family.
The British is a 2012 British television series produced by Sky Atlantic.
It comprises seven fifty-minute episodes.
It covers several major events in the history of Britain throughout the years 43 AD to 1953.
Including the Norman Conquest, Industrial Revolution and the Queen's Coronation.
It stars Russell Brand, Jessie J, and Dame Helen Mirren, and is narrated by Jeremy Irons.
It premiered 6 September 2012 on Sky Atlantic.
Episodes.
Episode 1, Treasure Islands.
The episode opens in the year 58 AD, depicting a Roman party being ambushed by Britons in a forest located in Wales.
General Gaius Suetonius Paulinus is shown landing on a British coast followed by a Roman fleet.
The documentary then displays the reasons for a Roman invasion including the abundance of Cornish tin and its market and a large amount of iron for use in Rome's armies, and other useful metals.
It moves on to show the ancient druids inhabiting Anglesey as the largest resistance against the Roman Invasion.
The druids are shown training to fight the Roman invasion with men and women both fighting alongside each other.
Lindow Man is shown, a preserved male body found in a bog at Lindow Moss, thought to have been a ritual sacrifice made by the druids in order help defeat the Roman forces.
The Romans then approach the druids at Anglesey and a battle takes place which resulted in a Roman victory.
The documentary then shows the effects of Roman rule in Britain, showing the roads that are built and the settlements along them as well as bathhouses and temples.
The arenas are then shown with enslaved gladiators fighting within them.
The gladiators are treated as celebrities and have a following.
A sale of a gladiator's sweat is made showing the market for sporting merchandise.
A gladiatorial battle is shown in which the fate of the loser is decided by the battles host, in this instance, death is desired.
The north of England is explored as a major food source for the Roman empire, and elaborate villas are constructed with central heating and functional sewers.
Hadrian's Wall is shown, separating England from Scotland.
The Picts attack the Roman soldiers at Hadrian's Wall and are successful.
The Roman Empire is challenged throughout Europe, and in the UK, markets slow and no new coins are sent to Britain.
Rome then withdraws from Britain.
A man is shown burying his wealth, hoping to protect it for the future on the hopes the Roman empire will return to Britain.
The emperor Constantine the Great is shown dying, with his dying wish to be baptised, making the Roman empire a Christian one.
A man named Patrick is seen at a coastal settlement, and is kidnapped and enslaved by Irish pirates.
He escapes slavery and spreads Christianity throughout Ireland and later becomes Saint Patrick.
He and his followers spread Christianity into Great Britain from Ireland.
Episode 2, People Power.
The episode opens in 1066 with William the Conqueror taking the throne after the death of King Harold.
A town in north Yorkshire is shown resisting the new rule, refusing the Normans right to rule.
Norman men are sent north to suppress resistance with force if necessary.
The inhabitants of the town are slaughtered. 150,000 people died or fled during these slaughters.
Their land is torched.
Norman influence is shown, with structures such as forts and castles built around Britain.
The Normans claim land from Britons, taking it from private owners.
To demonstrate ownership and make taxing more efficient, the doomsday book is written recording every person living in Britain and everything they own.
Effects of this are seen in investments such as large cathedrals and their architecture is described.
A battle is shown in Jerusalem where Normans massacre inhabitants in search for personal gain.
Payne Peverel is made a baron due to his success as a crusader.
In 1315, one of Britain's worst storm halves crop yield and half a million die as a result.
Thus, the price of crops increase driving many to hunt illegally.
Two hunters are shown hunting in royal forests, a criminal offence.
It is noted that all men must be skilled bowmen ready to fight for their king if called upon.
The hunters are shown being chased by the king's foresters and are caught and arrested and spared due to their skills in archery.
This sparks the legend of Robin Hood.
A merchant ship is shown carrying black rats carrying the black death on its way to Britain.
The village of Titchfield is depicted and is inhabited by these black rats.
The black death soon sweeps through the village and three-quarters die within six months.
This is seen throughout most villages in Britain.
In London, mass graves were used to preserve the dignity of the dead.
Due to the lowered population, there is a food excess which is sold for profit which creates a new middle class and a more prosperous nation.
The rebels then prepare to march on London.
Robert Hales is shown, treasurer responsible for the new tax, being beheaded by a small party of peasants.
Serfdom is ended, but the rebel leaders are executed.
Archers are shown preparing to fight French forces whom have double the number of soldiers as the British on the battlefield.
The longbow allows the British to become victorious due to the ranged advantage and the high rate of fire.
Episode 3, Revolution.
This episode takes us from the Tudors and the Stuarts right through to the parliamentary revolution.
The episode opens in 1539, at Glastonbury Abbey, during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England.
A lieutenant of Henry VIII of England has arrived to loot and to uncover evidence of high treason, on orders of the King.
Instances such as this started happening due to Henry VIII's recent divorce, resulting in England becoming a Protestant country.
Henry VIII's outright defiance of the papacy at this time caused outrage in Catholic Europe.
This episode explores how technological advancements, such as the Caxton Press defined Henry VIII's reign, and how, ultimately, all this led to the English Civil War and the subsequent downfall of Charles I.
This episode featured an appearance from Russell Brand.
Episode 4, Dirty Money.
This episode explores how money shaped the transformation of modern Britain.
The episode opens with historian Jeremy Black explaining the rise of English coffeehouses in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Beginning in 1666, this is where the upper classes gathered and discussed culture, news and gossip of the day.
The beginnings of these coffeehouses ties in with the Great Fire of London, which is also discussed in this episode.
A time jump of almost 60 years occurs to the formation of the Bank of England, which brought about British Colonization and the Atlantic slave trade, which leads to the abolition of slavery and the Battle of Trafalgar fought between England and Napoleon Bonaparte's French Empire.
This episode features appearances from Frank Lampard, Jeremy Irons and Terry Wogan.
Episode 5, Superpower.
This episode highlights how the British empire expanded by way of exploration, including how colonies were established and developed in Australia.
It also highlights how the Industrial Revolution propelled Britain into a new age with technological advancements.
Manual processes were replaced with machinery to improve production efficiency, boosting the economy.
The episode begins with Captain James Cook coming across the shores of New South Wales but takes a contrasting turn and lands the viewer straight in the middle of the Industrial Revolution.
The episode also portrays how these advancements caused devastation when it explores one of the bloodiest conflicts in history, The Crimean War.
This episode features multiple guest stars including Tracey Emin, Dougary Scott, Jessie J and Lily Cole.
Episode 6, Tale of Two Cities.
This episode concentrates on the events of the period from 1851 to 1891.
The wealth and opulence enjoyed by some in society is deeply contrasted with the experiences of those blighted by poverty and crime.
Some great reformers emerged in this time, including Charles Dickens and Josephine Butler.
London is thriving and The Crystal Palace is constructed to host the Great Exhibition of 1851.
On a lighter note the episode takes a look at the rise and popularity of football.
Episode 7, War and Peace.
This episode talks about the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II which took place in 1953.
Live, on black and white TVs, 27 million British people watched the coronation from their homes.
This was the first coronation to be broadcast.
This important event took almost twelve months to organise and required extensive negotiations to allow cameras inside the abbey.
The Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and the cabinet believed that the intrusion of cameras and lights would be an extra discomfort for the Queen and also a threat to the dignity of the ceremony.
Dooling Creek is a stream in Osage County of central Missouri.
It is a tributary of the Missouri River.
The stream headwaters are at at an elevation of about and it flows north and northeast passing west and north of Chamois before reaching its confluence with the Missouri at at an elevation of .
Variant names were "Doolings Creek" and "Doolins Creek".
David Joseph Buggy (born 20 March 1975) is an Irish former hurler.
At club level he played with Erin's Own and was also a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team.
He usually lined out in the forwards.
Career.
Buggy first came to prominence at juvenile and underage levels with the Erin's Own club in Castlecomer before quickly joining the club's top adult teams as a dual player.
He enjoyed County Intermediate Championship successes in 2003 and 2008.
Buggy first appeared on the inter-county scene with the Kilkenny minor team and scored 1-03 against Galway in the 1993 All-Ireland final.
His subsequent tenure with the Kilkenny under-21 team saw defeat by Tipperary in the 1995 All-Ireland final.
Buggy was drafted onto the Kilkenny senior hurling team by manager Ollie Walsh in 1994, however, he remained on the fringes of the team for a number of seasons without making a breakthrough.
Shoppers is thought to have innovated several now-common supermarket features, such as warehouse shelving (no longer utilized in its stores), open-bin bulk foods (also no longer found in the chain), large salad bars with hot prepared foods and specialized fans to keep produce fresh, and "warehouse-sized" packaged products.
Shoppers also was one of the first chains to sell all of its produce by the pound, rather than by the item, which is now common.
This prevented the "picked-over" selection of produce commonly found in conventional supermarkets several days after a produce delivery.
History.
The Herman brothers were joined by their brother-in-law, Sam Levin, in the late 1930s.
Together the three brothers opened their first supermarket concept, River Terrace Supermarket, at 3439 Benning Rd., N.E., Washington, D.C.
In 1952, the brothers rebranded the Benning Road store with a new concept, Jumbo Food Store.
Shortly after they opened a second location in Seat Pleasant, Maryland at 401 Eastern Ave.
They opened their third store in the Adelphi Shopping Center at 2400 University Blvd., E. Even after being gutted by a fire in 1994, the Adelphi store continued operations until 2011.
By January 1960, with the addition of a store at 1551 Alabama Ave, S.E., there were a total of four Jumbo Food Store locations.
The brand was inspired by Kenneth's wife, Edyth, who had a deep love of elephants.
Coincidentally, the logo, a smiling cartoon elephant, was different but quite similar to the elephants in the Walt Disney Animation Studios movie Dumbo, released around the same time as the launch of the chain.
In the movie, Dumbo's mother was named Jumbo.
Kenneth later explained that he purchased a license from a then much smaller Disney Company. near Sears and Suitland Pkwy.
By 1969, the Alabama Ave store closed and eight stores remained.
By 1978, the River Terrace, Michigan Ave., District Heights, and Naylor Rd., S.E., stores were closed.
On August 23, 1978, the last new Jumbo Food Store opened at Little River Turnpike and John Marr Drive (4223 John Marr Dr), Annandale, Virginia.
In 1978, Jumbo also opened the first Shoppers Food Warehouse (SFW).
The two remaining Herman brothers opened the first Shoppers Food Warehouse in 1978 as a foray into the warehouse supermarket business.
Levin died before Shoppers was conceptualized.
The original concept brought the Washington area its first non-membership chain in the area to offer an expanded selection of large-packaged (or "warehouse-sized") products at a lower, bulk price.
Shoppers eliminated all but two to three sizes of each product to allow a greater selection of different brands on a typical shelf and to further lower prices.
Using warehouse shelving and leaving packaged goods in their boxes on the shelves enabled a reduction of retail labor that also allowed a much lower price to be passed to the consumer.
Since changing hands from the company founders, it has developed into a more conventional supermarket model with more conventional pricing.
The SFW at 3255 Little River Turnpike in the Brighton Mall, Alexandria, Virginia, opened in 1980.
In 1986, there were 13 Jumbo or Shoppers locations with the Chantilly, Virginia, and Clinton, Maryland SFW locations opening that August.
By 1989, when Herbert Haft acquired half interest in the Jumbo Food Stores chain, 18 Shoppers Food Warehouse locations were in operation and the Jumbo Food Store name was gone.
With the success of the Shoppers format, all Jumbo stores were eventually converted to Shoppers.
In 1988, Irving and his son and vice president, Mike Herman, made the decision to retire, leaving Kenneth and his children in control of the corporation.
In 1989, Irving sold 49 of his 50 percent of the company, leaving Kenneth with a majority 51 percent controlling stake in the company.
Herbert Haft's Dart Group, whose holdings included Dart Drug, Crown Books, Trak Auto stores and Combined Properties Realty, purchased the minority share from Irving.
Haft and the Herman brothers were long time acquaintances, having grown up and been schooled together in the same poor Jewish neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Kenneth remained at the company as president and CEO, his son Robert, then Executive Vice President, took over as Chief Operating Officer, son Mitchel retained his post as Senior Vice President for Corporate Affairs, and Kenneth's daughter and company spokesperson Sandra Perkins retained her position as Director of Marketing and Advertising.
Another son, Laurence, did not work in the family business.
Under the control of Robert, Shoppers grew to almost twice its size in the following ten years.
Dart acquired the remainder of the company in 1997 after exercising a complicated buy-sell agreement with the Herman family.
Dart's intention was to force the Herman family into purchasing the shares of the company back after Dart experienced infighting amongst their board members and financial trouble with their retail chains.
The Herman siblings exited upon Dart's acquisition of the company, ending Shoppers' last connection to its founders.
In April 1998, Richfood Holdings Inc., a regional wholesale distributor, purchased Dart Group in order to acquire Shoppers, later selling or spinning off Dart's other operations.
SuperValu acquired Richfood Holdings in 1999, also large in part to acquire the Shoppers brand, which was by then the third largest supermarket chain in the Washington, D.C., region in sales and volume.
In 2018, United Natural Foods acquired SuperValu (including) Shoppers in order to obtain the wholesale operations of the company.
They had little inclination to continue to operate the retail business and sold off many of the retail assets.
All Shoppers pharmacies closed in 2019, although UNFI plans to indefinitely retain operations at remaining Shoppers locations.
In the community.
Through the Shoppers Foundation, Shoppers supports organizations like the Ed Block Courage Award Foundation and now the American Red Cross of the National Capital Area.
Shoppers donates to over 2500 schools, churches and not-for-profit organizations throughout their trade area.
In 2000, the Shoppers Classic Charity Golf Tournament was established to raise funds along with its vendor partners for local causes, including the Maryland Food Bank and Capitol Area Food Bank, new community playgrounds, and the Ed Block Courage Award Foundation for underprivileged children.
Controversy.
On September 1, 2010, federal grand jury indicted Currie and Shoppers Food Warehouse Corporation executives William J.
The Afghanistan men's cricket team toured the United Arab Emirates in February 2023 to play three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
The dates for the tour were confirmed in January 2023.
In November 2022, the Afghanistan Cricket Board signed a five-year agreement with the Emirates Cricket Board to play their home matches in the UAE.
This was the first annual series between the two sides to be arranged as part of the agreement.
Squads.
"The Blast" is a hip hop single from Reflection Eternal's debut album, "Train of Thought".
It features rapping from the duo's emcee, Talib Kweli, as well as from its producer, DJ Hi-Tek.
It is the only Reflection Eternal song that Hi-Tek raps on, and like all Reflection Eternal songs, he produces it.
The song has a somber and jazzy beat backed by vocals from Vinia Mojica.
It has a music video directed by Little X in which Kweli and Hi-Tek are rapping in a rainstorm.
Yasiin Bey aka Mos Def, Pharaohe Monch and Kweli's grandmother, Javotti Greene make cameo appearances.
The music video version is extended in length, and gives Talib Kweli an extra verse.
Idalberto Aranda Quintero (born May 29, 1975 in Santiago de Cuba) is a retired male weightlifter from Cuba.
He twice competed for his native country at the Summer Olympics (1996 and 2000), and twice won a gold medal at the Pan American Games (1995 and 1999).
Christopher T. Baker (born November 18, 1979) is a former American football tight end.
He was drafted by the New York Jets in the third round of the 2002 NFL Draft.
He played college football at Michigan State.
College career.
He played college football at Michigan State from 1998-2001.
He finished with 133 catches for 1,705 yards and 13 touchdowns including a career best season as a Senior with 40 catches for 548 yards and four touchdowns.
Professional career.
New York Jets.
Baker was drafted by the New York Jets in the third round (88th overall) of the 2002 NFL Draft.
During the 2005 season, he served as the starting tight end until becoming injured and placed on the injured reserve list.
Baker had a breakout season in 2006, setting career bests in receiving yards, receptions, touchdowns and starts, as the Jets finished 10-6 earning the fifth wild card spot.
After a career year in 2007, Chris said the Jets promised him a new contract and lied.
Baker felt disrespected with the Jets decision to use their first-round pick in the 2008 NFL Draft on Dustin Keller and their acquisition of free agent Bubba Franks, which pushed Baker to third on the depth chart and made him the least-paid Jets tight end, despite his productive past two seasons.
On February 20, 2009, Baker was released by the Jets.
New England Patriots.
On February 27, 2009, Baker signed a five-year contract with the New England Patriots.
On September 27, 2009, Baker caught Tom Brady's 200th career touchdown pass in the fourth quarter of the Patriots and Falcons game.
On March 4, 2010, Baker was released by the Patriots.
Baker played in all 16 regular games for the 2009 season.
Seattle Seahawks.
On March 13, 2010, Baker signed a contract with the Seattle Seahawks, primarily to serve as a blocking tight end.
On January 4, 2011, Baker was placed on a season-ending injured reserve due to a fractured bone in his hip, four days before Seattle's playoff game against the New Orleans Saints.
He caught nine passes for 116 yards and a touchdown through the season.
On February 24, 2011, Baker was released by the Seahawks.
Baker played in all 16 regular games for 2010 season.
Personal life.
In May 2009 Chris married his girlfriend, Yadira Taveras, in Long Island, New York.
Together, they have a son, Chris Jr, and daughter Tamia.
Early years.
Born in Malone, New York, Mould lived in several places, including the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, where he attended Macalester College.
Musical career.
In 1986, they signed with a major record label (Warner Bros. Records), but found only modest commercial success.
However, they were later often cited as one of the key influences on 1990s alternative rock, including bands such as Foo Fighters and Pixies.
Signing to the newly formed Virgin Records America label, 1989's "Workbook" eschewed Mould's trademark wall-of-noise guitar for a lighter tone.
Drummer Anton Fier (of The Feelies and later The Golden Palominos) and bassist Tony Maimone (of Pere Ubu) served as Mould's rhythm section.
The album peaked at number 127 on the "Billboard" 200 chart, and the single "See a Little Light" reached number 4 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.
According to the liner notes for the 2012 re-release of Sugar's "Copper Blue", Creation Records president Alan McGee verified that total album sales were 7,000 copies.
Still, the album peaked at number 123 on the "Billboard" 200 chart, and the single "It's Too Late" reached number 10 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.
Mould also co-founded a record label, Singles Only Label, with Coyote Records label founder Steve Fallon.
The label released singles from bands such as Daniel Johnston, Grant Lee Buffalo, Moby, Mojo Nixon, Morphine, Nikki Sudden, and R. Stevie Moore from 1989 to 1994.
Mould then formed the group Sugar, with bassist David Barbe and drummer Malcolm Travis.
Along with extensive touring, Sugar released two albums, an EP and a B-sides collection before breaking up. 1992's "Copper Blue" was named as NME's 1992 Album of the Year, and was Mould's most successful commercial album, selling nearly 300,000 copies.
While in the band Sugar, in 1993 he contributed the track "Can't Fight It" as a solo artist to the AIDS Benefit Album No Alternative produced by the Red Hot Organization.
In 1994, he recorded "Turning of the Tide" for "Beat The Retreat", a tribute album to the English guitarist and songwriter Richard Thompson.
In 1996, Mould returned to solo recording, releasing a self-titled album in 1996 on Rykodisc, often referred to as "Hubcap" because of the cover photo.
Mould played all of the instruments himself, and programmed the drums instead of using a real drummer.
The album peaked at number 101 on the "Billboard" 200 chart, and number 1 on the Heatseekers chart.
In 1998, Mould released "The Last Dog and Pony Show", his final album on Rykodisc (who had released all of the Sugar albums in the U.S.).
The album was named as such because Mould decided that the tour that followed would be his "last electric band tour."
After the tour, Mould took a break from the music world to get involved with another passion of his, professional wrestling, when he joined WCW as a scriptwriter in 1999 for a brief period.
Creative differences with some of the other writers led to Mould's leaving the company and returning to music.
The liner notes for the 2002 album "Modulate" thank some of the wrestlers he associated with, most notably Kevin Nash and Kevin Sullivan.
During a stint living in New York City in the late-1990s, as he more fully embraced his identity as a gay man, Mould's tastes took a detour into dance music and electronica.
Those influences were clear on his 2002 release "Modulate", which featured a strong electronica influence to mixed critical reviews and poor fan reaction.
In further pursuit of this sound, Mould also began recording under the pseudonym LoudBomb (an anagram of his name), releasing one CD ("Long Playing Grooves") so far under this name.
His next solo album, "Body of Song", had been originally scheduled to closely follow the release of 2002's "Modulate".
Instead, Mould worked on the album for the next three years, resulting in a 2005 release.
By this time, he had changed his mind on touring with a band, and announced his first band tour since 1998.
The tour lineup included bassist Jason Narducy (of Verbow), drummer Brendan Canty (of Fugazi), and Mould's Blowoff collaborator, Morel, on keyboards.
In addition to his solo work, Mould also worked as a live DJ in collaboration with Washington DC-area dance music artist Richard Morel, under the collective banner Blowoff.
Mould has also done remixes for a variety of dance and alternative rock artists, including a remix of the Interpol song "Length of Love."
"District Line" was released February 5, 2008.
A little over a year later, on April 7, 2009, Mould released his next album entitled "Life and Times" in the midst of researching his life for an autobiography.
Mould ultimately wrote that memoir with Michael Azerrad, the author of "Our Band Could Be Your Life" and "."
On August 6, 2012, Mould released the first single from his first album on Merge Records, "Silver Age", on September 4, 2012.
Instruments.
In 1988, Mould bought a blue Fender American Standard Stratocaster off the rack after playing it "for about 15 seconds, unplugged."
His favored acoustic guitar is a 12-string Yamaha APX.
Collaborations.
Mould has made various guest appearances throughout his career.
In 1984, Mould played piano on Ground Zero's album "Ground Zero."
In 1991, Mould sang and played guitar on the Golden Palominos album "Drunk with Passion" on the song "Dying from the Inside Out."
In 1992, he contributed vocals to the song, "Dio" on the Throwing Muses album "Red Heaven."
Mould performed the guitars for the soundtrack for the film version of Hedwig and the Angry Inch, released in 1999.
In 2000, Mould sang "He Didn't" (written by Stephin Merritt) on The 6ths' album "Hyacinths and Thistles".
He also contributed vocals to the 2009 Fucked Up cover of "Do They Know It's Christmas?"
In 2011, Mould performed on the Foo Fighters album "Wasting Light", contributing guitar and vocals to the track "Dear Rosemary."
He made sporadic appearances with the band during their Wasting Light tour to perform the song on stage, including on the Conan O'Brien show.
In December 2017, Mould opened for the Foo Fighters in four states during their "Concrete and Gold" tour.
Personal life.
In April 2004, Mould was a co-organizer of the WEDRock benefit concert for Freedom to Marry.
"WedRock" was a play on the word "wedlock".
In interviews to promote his 2019 album "Sunshine Rock", Mould revealed that he had been residing in Berlin, Germany, since 2015.
Bob is married to Don Fisher.
In popular culture.
Mould's song "Dog on Fire" is the theme song for "The Daily Show".
He originally wrote the track for his third solo album, but cut it as redundant.
The name was picked by mastering engineer Jim Wilson from an offhand comment Mould made in an interview.
They Might Be Giants performed updated versions which were used in the 2000s, and the song was later remixed by Timbaland when Trevor Noah took over as host.
On December 19, 1996, Mould made a cameo appearance on "The Daily Show Holiday Spectacular" in an homage duet of "The Little Drummer Boy" with Mould playing the part of David Bowie to Craig Kilborn's "Bing Crosby".
Mould is a passionate wrestling fan and was previously a writer for WCW.
Mould also composed the theme for the TLC program, "In a Fix".
In 2001, Mould played lead guitar in the house band for the film of John Cameron Mitchell's "Hedwig and the Angry Inch (musical), " and on the film's soundtrack.
In 2003, Mould also participated in a Hedwig tribute album, "Wig in a Box", on which he covered the song "Nailed."
On September 29, 2005, Mould's song "Circles" was included on "The OC".
Mould appeared on an episode of Independent Film Channel's "The Henry Rollins Show" on June 15, 2007.
On November 21, 2011, musicians such as Dave Grohl, Britt Daniel and Jessica Dobson of Spoon, Craig Finn and Tad Kubler of The Hold Steady, Randy Randall and Dean Allen Spunt of No Age, Margaret Cho, Jason Narducy, Jon Wurster of Superchunk, and Ryan Adams came together at the Walt Disney Concert Hall and played songs from Bob Mould's career.
During the concert, Bob discussed his then-forthcoming album "Silver Age", involving Jason Narducy and drummer Jon Wurster (of Superchunk), and a limited tour of Sugar's debut album "Copper Blue".
The stars recognize performers that have played sold-out shows or have otherwise demonstrated a major contribution to the culture at the iconic venue.
Receiving a star "might be the most prestigious public honor an artist can receive in Minneapolis," according to journalist Steve Marsh.
Discography.
 was a Japanese war criminal, medical physician, microbiologist and a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army.
He was the second commander of Unit 731, a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes carried out by Japanese personnel.
Biography.
He graduated in medicine from the School of Medicine, Tokyo Imperial University on 26 November 1920 and the following year was commissioned as a lieutenant as an army surgeon.
In 1923 at Tokyo Imperial University's graduate school, he commenced studies in infectious diseases, intestinal perforation and shigella, and became first class army surgeon seven months later.
He received his doctoral degree in 1925 with a dissertation titled "Experimental research on seronegative intestine perforation and parathyroid fever", four years before being promoted to third-class army surgeon.
In 1932, he worked in the First Army Hospital and taught at the Medical Department of the Ministry of War of Japan.
In 1936, he was dispatched to Manchukuo and became a professor at the Manchu School of Medicine, teaching microbiology.
In 1942, he was appointed the second commander of Unit 731.
In April 1945, he was promoted to lieutenant surgeon general and appointed commander of the 13th Army Medical Corps.
After the Japanese surrender in August 1945, he was detained in a POW camp in Shanghai.
Like all involved with Unit 731 or Japanese biological warfare, he was repatriated to Japan in January 1946.
Kitano was one of the founders of the Japanese pharmaceutical company and first commercial blood bank Green Cross, which was renamed Welfide in 1998 and which became part of Mitsubishi Pharma in 2001.
In 1959, he became head of the plant in Tokyo and the chief director of that company.
He was the chief funeral commissioner of Shiro Ishii.
The Apertura 2015 Liga MX Finals was the final of the Apertura 2015 Liga MX season, the top level of the Mexican football.
The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between UNAM and UANL.
Background.
Before reaching this final, UNAM appeared in five finals since the year 2000, four in which they were victorious (Clausura 2004, Apertura 2004, Clausura 2009, and Clausura 2011).
The team last won the league title four years earlier when they defeated Morelia to capture the Clausura 2011 title.
This was UANL's third final in a one-year span, the team lost the Apertura 2014 league final and lost the 2015 Copa Libertadores final in that span.
The team last won the Liga MX title three years earlier when they defeated Santos Laguna to capture the Apertura 2011 title.
Rules.
The final was played on a home-and-away two-legged basis.
Unlike the quarterfinals and semifinals, if the two teams are tied after both legs, the match goes to extra-time and, if necessary, a shootout.
There is also no away goals rule and the team's seed in the classification does not matter if the teams tie on aggregate.
Road to the finals.
Matches.
He served as the head football coach at Grove City College in Grove City, Pennsylvania from 1921 to 1923.
Williamson was the starting quarterback for the national champion 1915 Pittsburgh Panthers football team.
He later coached at The Kiski School.
He won the 1958, 1959, and 1960 MARC Series (now ARCA Menards Series) championships.
He also won four NASCAR Grand National Series races in 1961 and 1962, including the 1961 Southern 500 at Darlington Speedway and the 1962 World 600 at Charlotte Motor Speedway.
Early life.
Stacy was originally from Kentucky.
He was a veteran of World War II, serving as a Tank driver in the U.S. Third Army under the command of General George S. Patton.
Early career.
In 1952, Stacy made his first NASCAR Grand National Series start at Dayton Speedway.
After a 12th-place finish out of 30 cars, he decided it would be best to drive in the MARC Series (later the ARCA Remax Series).
He lost the 1957 title to Iggy Katona by 4.5 points, one of the slimmest margins in series history.
Stacy's move enabled him to win the series championship in 1958, 1959 and 1960.
He had wins in 1957, 1959 and 1960 at Canfield Speedway.
In 1959, he started the season in April by winning two of three races (Dayton and Canfield).
NASCAR career.
After a decade in the MARC series, Stacy decided to give Grand National racing another try.
In 1961 he returned to NASCAR competition at age 40, competing in 15 of the 52 scheduled races.
He won the 1961 Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway beating Fireball Roberts and leading 72 laps.
He also accumulated eight Top Ten finishes and 4 Top Five finishes.
In 1962, Stacy won the Rebel 300 at Darlington Raceway, beating Marvin Panch, the final convertible race in NASCAR history, as well as the World 600 at Charlotte Motor Speedway, coming from 18th place to beat Joe Weatherly, and the 1962 Old Dominion 500 at Martinsville Speedway, beating out Richard Petty by over three laps.
He accumulated three wins, seven Top Tens, and five Top Five finishes for the 1962 season.
He also won the NASCAR Convertible Division race that year at the Darlington Rebel 300.
He finished a career-high 14th in the final points standing that year.
In 1964, at age 43, Stacy's health began to become a factor.
He went on to compete in two more Grand National races.
He achieved a 24th-place finish in his final start at the Firecracker 400 in 1965.
Stacy ended his NASCAR career after competing in 45 races.
In his career, he had 24 Top Ten and 13 Top Five Finishes along with 4 wins.
Later life and death.
Stacy spent his final years in Florida, where he owned a car dealership.
He died on May 14, 1986, at the age of 64.
Family life.
Stacy was married to Mary Stacy.
Dennis Iliohan (born 11 January 1972) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a striker.
Career.
Born in Amsterdam, Iliohan began his career with HFC Haarlem but left in 1993.
He then began playing for amateur club AVV Animo in the seventh-tier Tweede Klasse.
After one season, he was signed by Lisse manager Mark Wotte, who later brought Iliohan with him to ADO Den Haag in August 1996.
On 1 August 2001, Iliohan signed a one-year contract with Eerste Divisie club Emmen after a trial.
He had previously trialled with Swedish club IF Elfsborg and Cypriot side Enosis Neon Paralimni without success.
He would later move to TOP Oss, before finishing his career with Lisse.
Personal life.
Iliohan has a son, Bryan, who has also played for the FC Lisse senior team.
After his playing career, Iliohan started his own designing agency named ilio reclame headquartered in Hillegom.
Natalia Yael Mehlman Petrzela is an American historian, specializing in the politics and culture of the modern United States.
She is a professor of history at The New School.
Petrzela is also a history communicator who frequently writes pieces about American history in popular media outlets, co-hosts the "Past Present" podcast, and has created or been featured in educational videos for The History Channel and C-SPAN.
Education and positions.
Petrzela is of Jewish and Argentine descent.
She attended Columbia University, graduating with a BA degree in history in 2000.
She began to work as an investment banking analyst, and then in 2001 she became a Spanish teacher at a public school in New York City.
After a year, she attended graduate school at Stanford University, where she obtained an MA in history in 2004 and a PhD in history in 2009.
After graduating in 2009, she joined the history faculty at The New School.
Research.
In "Classroom Wars", Petrzela studies the controversies over the inclusion of sex education and Spanish language bilingual education in California schools from the mid-1960s through the 1980s.
She connects these issues to the popular sentiment against property tax in California and the state's rightward trend during the 1970s, culminating in the passage of the 1978 California Proposition 13.
"Classroom Wars" is divided into two sections, with the first detailing the fight over sex education and the second devoted to the fight over Spanish language education, and employs primary sources that include newspapers, lesson plans, school board minutes, and course evaluations.
Within each section, the book is largely structured as a chronology of the fight over these educational topics, but also includes micro-history analyses in California communities including Anaheim, San Francisco, San Jose, and San Mateo.
"Classroom Wars" was particularly noted for combining two subjects that might appear to be dissimilar, namely sex education and Spanish language education, in contrast to the large proportion of the scholarship on American education in the 1960s and 1970s that has been characterised as focusing narrowly on major individual topics in the context of school desegregation with less attention to how those topics interact with each other.
"Classroom Wars" was published in a paperback edition in 2017.
Public communication.
Petrzela has engaged in substantial public communication about topics in American history.
Since 2015, Petrzela has hosted the weekly podcast "Past Present" with the historians Nicole Hemmer and Neil J.
Young, which discusses recent events in American politics in the context of American political history.
She was the creator and presenter of The History Channel's 2018 webseries, "The Unlikely History of Everyday Things".
Petrzela regularly contributes pieces to media outlets including "The Atlantic", "The New York Times", and "The Washington Post".
She is frequently interviewed and quoted in media outlets including "The New York Times", "GloboNews", "El Mundo", and The BBC.
Petrzela was featured in the C-SPAN "Lectures in history" series.
Petrzela is also involved in fitness and athletics companies, both in the workout company intenSati and as a co-founder of HealthClass2.0.
Millettia richardiana is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae.
Parkhurst is a heavily degraded lunar impact crater to the northeast of the Mare Australe on the far side of the Moon.
To the north-northeast of Parkhurst is the crater Scaliger and to the southwest lies the dark-floored Gernsback.
The small lunar mare named Lacus Solitudinis lies due north of Parkhurst.
Little remains of this crater formation other than the uneven outline of the outer rim.
Several satellite craters lie along the rim edge, with Parkhust D along the northeast, B to the north, and X along the northwest.
The satellite crater Parkhurst Q pushes into the southwestern rim, distorting the edge shape.
The interior floor of Parkhurst is pock-marked by small craterlets.
Satellite craters.
Early life and career.
Warner was born and grew up in South Florida.
He recorded with numerous artists and musicians, including Michael Jackson, Carlos Rivera, Shakira, Madonna, Celine Dion, Barbra Streisand, and Barry Gibb, and wrote for artists including Enrique Iglesias, Lil Wayne and Mika.
He was the governor of The Recording Academy starting from 2005 and was the President of Recording Academy Florida Chapter from 2010 to 2012, and a Trustee for the period from 2013 until 2017.
Awards and recognition.
During his career, Warner worked on five Grammy Award-winning projects.
Death.
The Men's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 2017 World Championships was held on 23 and 24 July 2017.
Records.
Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
The following new records were set during this competition.
Results.
Heats.
Semifinals.
The Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's basketball for the Big Sky Conference.
The event has been held annually since 1976, the conference's thirteenth year.
The tournament winner earns a berth in the NCAA Division I tournament.
Format and host sites.
For the Big Sky's first twelve seasons, it did not have a conference tournament.
Starting with its fifth season of the regular season champion received a berth in the West regional of the NCAA tournament.
The tournament expanded to eight teams in 1984, then scaled back to six in 1989.
Before 2016, when the tournament moved to a predetermined neutral site, it was often hosted by the regular season champion, but not always.
If two or more teams tied for the regular season title, all were declared co-champions, but hosting rights were determined by a tiebreaker procedure.
The first tournament in which the regular season champion did not host was in 1985.
Charlotte Ryan is a New Zealand radio broadcaster and music journalist.
Biography.
Ryan was born and grew up in Christchurch.
She attended Villa Maria College and the University of Canterbury, where she studied education and sociology.
While at university she volunteered at RDU, the university radio station.
On graduating she worked at the station for a short time then moved to Auckland to work for the University of Auckland's radio station, bFM.
She has managed bands and artists such as Shapeshifter and Ladi6 and ran her own publicity business for a time.
In 2008 she returned to bFM as a presenter and in 2012 moved to KiwiFM until it closed.
Ryan then spent four years working for Neil Finn.
Nicholas Maiolo (born 30 September 1994) is an Italian cricketer who plays for the national team.
In May 2019, he was named in Italy's squad for their Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Germany in the Netherlands.
He made his T20I debut for Italy against Germany on 25 May 2019.
He played in Italy's opening match of the Regional Finals, against Norway, on 15 June 2019.
In November 2019, he was named in Italy's squad for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman.
Guillermo J. Tearney is a professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School, a physicist in the department of dermatology at the Massachusetts General Hospital, a pathologist in the department of pathology at the Massachusetts General Hospital and runs a research laboratory at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston Massachusetts.
Tearney received his BA in applied mathematics, graduating cum laude (1988), his MD graduating magna cum laude (1998) from Harvard Medical School, and received his PhD in electrical engineering (1997) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He is a well-known name in the field of biomedical optics, gastroenterology, and interventional cardiology for his prominent role on the development of endoscopic optical coherence tomography, in particular intracoronary optical coherence tomography, its translation to the clinic, and commercialization.
He is recognized as one of the inventors of Intracoronary optical coherence tomography.
He is also recognized as co-inventor of optical coherence tomography for endoscopic imaging and diagnosis of esophagus disorders, a clinical technology currently commercialized by NinePoint Medical.
His research focuses on translational medicine, developing and moving to clinical use optical imaging methods for disease diagnosis.
Prof. Tearney has over 100 granted patents and licenses resulting in commercial medical devices.
The giant Palouse earthworm or Washington giant earthworm ("Driloleirus americanus", meaning "lily-like worm") is a species of earthworm belonging to the genus "Driloleirus" inhabiting the Palouse region of Eastern Washington and North Idaho, in the United States.
The worm was discovered in 1897 by Frank Smith near Pullman, Washington.
It can burrow to a depth of .
Although it had been thought to be extinct in the 1980s, recent evidence has demonstrated that the species is still living.
The latest sighting included recovery of two specimens, an adult and a juvenile, which were unearthed on March 27, 2010 by scientists at the University of Idaho including Samuel James.
Biology.
Little is known about the giant Palouse earthworm.
Typical adult specimens are about in length.
They are related to a species in Australia that is a true giant at , the giant Gippsland earthworm.
The worm is albino in appearance.
This species' native habitat consists of the bunch grass prairies of the Palouse region.
The fertile soil consists of deep loess hills enriched with volcanic ash and rich layers of organic matter.
It is thought to sustain the earthworm during dry seasons.
The earthworm burrows deep during summer droughts and enters a state of aestivation.
Research.
It had been described as "very common" in the Palouse region in the 1890s, according to an 1897 article in The American Naturalist by Frank Smith.
Smith's work was based on four specimens sent to him by R. W. Doane of Washington State University.
A scanned image of the letter accompanying the original specimens is found Letter to Frank Smith from R.W.
Doane 1897.
There was no scientific survey conducted in the late 19th century to determine the spatial extent and abundance of the earthworm.
A Summer 2009 project was launched by Jodi Johnson-Maynard, a University of Idaho associate professor and a soil ecologist specializing in macroinvertebrates, to find specimens.
Funding was provided through various contracts with the Idaho Conservation Data Center in the Idaho Department of Fish and Game and in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.
In 2012, two specimens were found near Paradise Ridge, south of Moscow, Idaho, one by Cass Davis (on April 13) and one by Joseph Szasz (on June 5).
Both were transferred to the University of Idaho.
Conservation status. , the World Conservation Union (IUCN) has considered the giant Palouse earthworm vulnerable due to loss of habitat and competition from non-native species.
In August 2006, conservationists petitioned the U.S. government to list the worm under the Endangered Species Act.
However, in October 2007, the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) declined to list the species as protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), citing a lack of scientific information on which to base a decision to list.
This determination prompted a number of environmental organizations to sue the agency for violation of the ESA and Administrative Procedures Act in order "to ensure the vanishing giant earthworm receives the protection it deserves."
However, on February 12, 2009, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington upheld the decision of the USFWS, finding the FWS's determination "that an organization's request for listing the giant Palouse earthworm ("Driloleirus americanus") (GPE) as a threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act was not supported by substantial information was a reasonable determination where the organization had to rely almost entirely upon circumstantial evidence.
At each point along the analytical path, whether considering the extent of the GPE's habitat, its population, or potential threats to its existence, the FWS provided a rational basis for declining to draw the inferences sought by the organization."
On 1 July 2009, several environmental organizations filed a new petition to again list the giant Palouse earthworm as endangered or threatened.
Beaufortia sprengelioides is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia.
It is a rigid, spreading shrub with crowded, round leaves and small, roughly spherical heads of pale pink flowers on the ends of its branches.
It was one of the first Australian plant species collected by Europeans and has had several name changes since then.
Description.
"Beaufortia sprengelioides" is a rigid, spreading shrub which grows to a height of about .
The leaves are crowded and mostly arranged in alternate pairs (decussate), so that, especially on the younger branches, they make four rows along the stems.
The leaves are flat or slightly dished, broadly egg-shaped to round, long and have 3 veins, not including the marginal veins.
The flowers are pale pink to white and arranged in spherical heads on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering.
The flowers have 5 sepals, 5 petals and 5 bundles of stamens.
The stamen bundles, which give the flowers their colour, contain 9 to 15 stamens and are joined for more than half their length.
Flowering occurs from July to November and is followed by fruits which are woody capsules.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Beaufortia sprengelioides" was collected before 1670 by the English explorer, William Dampier.
It was first formally described in 1828 by the Swiss botanist, Augustin de Candolle in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis and given the name "Melaleuca sprengelioides".
Schauer then included de Candolle's plant in "Regelia ciliata", apparently on the basis of de Candolle's drawings.
In 1999, Lyndley Craven reinterpreted Schauer's work and gave the plant the name "Beaufortia sprengelioides".
The specific epithet ("sprengelioides") is a reference to the genus "Sprengelia" in the family Ericaceae.
Distribution and habitat.
"Beaufortia sprengelioides" mainly occurs between Eneabba and Shark Bay, including nearby off-shore islands, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Carnarvon, Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo bioregions regions of south-western Western Australia.
It usually grows in sand, near limestone on dunes and plains.
Conservation.
Myroslava Dmytrivna Shcherbatiuk (, born 7 December 1974) is a Ukrainian diplomat.
Since December 2019, she is the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Jordan.
Early life and education.
Shcherbatiuk was born in 1974 in the Kyiv.
Career.
From 1996 to 1999, Shcherbatiuk worked at the Embassy of Ukraine in Iran.
Between 2002 and 2003, Shcherbatiuk worked at the Embassy of Ukraine in the United States as the third and second secretary, assistant to the Ambassador.
From October 2008 to March 2010, she was an adviser-envoy on political issues of the Embassy of Ukraine in Russia.
From April 2010 to March 2011, she was Director of the First Territorial Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (bilateral relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, cooperation with the CIS).
From 2011 to 2017, Shcherbatiuk was an ambassador for special assignments in the system of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
On 18 December 2019, Shcherbatiuk was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Jordan.
She took the position on 22 July 2020.
Personal life.
Besides her native Ukrainian, Shcherbatiuk speaks English, Persian, Russian and also studies Arabic.
Kangra district is the most populous district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
Dharamshala is the administrative headquarters of the district.
History.
Kangra is known for having one of the oldest serving Royal Dynasty in the world, the Katoch of the Kangra State.
In 1758, Raja Ghamand Chand was appointed "nazim" or governor of Jullundur Doab under the Afghans.
Ghamand Chand was a brave and strong ruler who restored the prestige of Kangra.
As he was unable to capture Kangra Fort, he built another fort at Tira Sujanpur on the left bank of the Beas, almost opposite to Alampur on a hill overlooking the town.
He died in 1774 and was succeeded by his son, Tegh Chand, who died too soon in 1775.
During his reign, Kangra became a major centre for the arts and several palaces were built.
In 1805, the neighbouring hill states rebelled, with the aid of the Gurkha army.
Raja Sansar Chand was forced to seek the help of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire .
The Gurkha army was expelled but Ranjit Singh also annexed the most fertile part of the Kangra valley, reducing the Katochs of Kangra as well as the neighbouring rajas to the status of vassals.
Kangra was annexed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire in 1810.
Kangra became a district of British India in 1846, when it was ceded to British India at the conclusion of the First Anglo-Sikh War.
The British district included the present-day districts of Kangra, Hamirpur, Kullu, and Lahul and Spiti.
Kangra District was part of the British province of Punjab.
The administrative headquarters of the district were initially at Kangra, but were moved to Dharamshala in 1855.
Demographics.
According to the 2011 census Kangra district had population of 1,510,075.
The district has a population density of .
The majority of the people are Hindu, although many Tibetans and others who follow Buddhism have also settled here recently.
There are also other minorities such as Sikhs, Muslims, and Christians.
Jhamakda is a folk dance of Kangra.
It is exclusively performed by women.
It features percussion instruments and songs.
Albert A. Hakim (July 16, 1936 - April 25, 2003) was an Iranian-American businessman and a figure in the Iran-Contra affair.
Born into an Iranian Jewish family, Hakim attended California Polytechnic Institute for three years, beginning in 1955.
Back in Iran, he established an export business specializing in advanced technologies, and in avoiding export restrictions related to them.
Democratic Representative Ed Jenkins called the plan the "Hakim Accords".
Other American negotiators had given up, but Mr. Hakim continued."
Hakim moved to California in the early 1980s, and in 1983 established Stanford Technology Trading Group International (STTGI) with retired Air Force Major General Richard Secord.
STTGI subsequently became involved in illegal covert operations to supply the Nicaraguan contras, as part of the Iran-Contra affair.
A Voyage to Virginia is an English broadside ballad.
Although surviving copies of the broadside date back to the late 17th century, the ballad could have been available in the early to mid-17th century.
The ballad is told from the point of view of a soldier, who is saying farewell to his love, Betty.
Copies of the broadside can be found at the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, and Magdelene college.
Synopsis.
The ballad is told from the perspective of a soldier who is about to leave England for Virginia, despite his lover's entreaties.
He urges his lover (Betty) to stay constant and true to him while he is away.
He reminds Betty that he has always been true to her and has given her everything she has ever wanted, and now she must let him serve England in the New World.
She tells him that she will dress in men's clothing and sail alongside of him under the same commander, but he replies that it is too dangerous and, giving her a ring, promises to come back to her.
In the final stanza, the soldier leaves for Virginia and Betty goes home to mourn his departure and to send him happy wishes.
It is sung to the tune of "I Live Not Where I Love."
Form.
The ballad is written in a variation of ballad meter, alternating between iambic pentameter and iambic tetrameter.
Each eight-line stanza combines four lines in the rhyme scheme of traditional common meter (ABAB) followed by four lines in ballad meter (ABCB).
Historical and Cultural Significance.
Bernard Bailyn reads "A Voyage to Virginia" within the larger context of a 17th-century British fascination and anxiety concerning the peopling of the New World with a labor force.
This anxiety focused on the dreaded conditions of the transatlantic voyage facing merchants and soldiers, which are anticipated with stoicism by the soldier in the ballad, but also on the transportation of criminals, slaves, and honest laborers who had fallen on hard times.
In order to see the ballad within this context of emerging global markets and transportation, Bailyn suggests reading "A Voyage to Virginia" alongside "The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon's Sorrowful Account of his Fourteen Years Transportation to Virginia" and "The Trappan'd Maiden".
David Chandos Brydges (born 1 July 1949 in Chester, UK) is a mathematical physicist.
Brydges received in 1976 his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan with thesis advisor Paul Federbush and thesis " A Linear Lower Bound for Generalized Yukawa Model Field Theories".
Brydges was a professor at the University of Virginia and is now a professor emeritus (formerly holding a Canada Research Chair) at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
Brydges is concerned with mathematical quantum field theory and statistical mechanics.
His research deals with functional integral techniques (including supersymmetry techniques), cluster development techniques, renormalization group methods on problems of static mechanics, and probabilistic problems.
In 1985 he and Thomas C. Spencer introduced "lace expansion" for the analysis of the self-avoiding walk.
From 2003 to 2005, Brydges was president of International Association of Mathematical Physics.
In 2007, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
Agnieszka Gortel-Maciuk (born March 20, 1977) is a Polish long-distance runner, Four times Polish champion at half marathon.
Lobster is a magazine that is interested primarily in the influence of intelligence and security services on politics and world trade, what it calls "deep politics" or "parapolitics".
It combines the examination of conspiracy theories and contemporary history.
"Lobster" is edited and published in the United Kingdom and has appeared twice a year for years, at first in 16-page A5 format, then as an A4 magazine.
Operating on a shoestring, its contributors include academics and others.
Since 2009 it is distributed as a free downloadable PDF document.
According to the "Hull Daily Mail", "Lobster" 'investigates government conspiracies, state espionage and the secret service.'
In 1986 the magazine scooped mainstream media by uncovering the secret Clockwork Orange operation, implicated in trying to destabilise the British government.
Colin Wallace, a former British Army Intelligence Corps officer in Northern Ireland, described how he had been instructed to smear leading UK politicians.
Questions were asked in the House of Commons and an extended scandal ensued.
The current curator of the CIA Historical Intelligence Collection, Hayden B. Peake, notes that the editors of "Lobster" see it as "member of the international brotherhood of parapolitics mags," the other members being "Geheim" (Cologne, Germany), "Intelligence Newsletter" (Paris, France), and "Covert Action Information Bulletin" (US), and is "distinctive in its depth of coverage, its detailed documentation, and the absence of the rhetoric".
In 1989, "Lobster" published names of 1,500 citizens said to be working in intelligence.
The magazine was denounced in the House of Commons.
The editors replied that all published details could be found in local libraries.
The magazine has also carried detailed analysis of fringe and pseudoscientific subjects such as UFOs and remote viewing.
History.
Founding.
In 1982, an American newsletter about the Kennedy assassination, "Echoes of Conspiracy", put Robin Ramsay and Stephen Dorril in touch with each other because of their common interest in the JFK assassination story.
A few months later, they decided to launch a magazine, and in September 1983, they published 150 copies of "The Lobster" priced at 50p.
From Issue 5 onwards, the cover dropped the definite article and became just "Lobster".
Publishing frequency "Lobster" dropped to four issues in 1984 and three issues in 1986 and 1987, before settling down as a bi-annual from 1988.
The "Lobster" logo (see illustration), first appeared in issue 20 in November 1990 and was designed by Clive Gringras.
Format and costs.
The magazine was originally typewritten, reduced on a photocopier, pasted-up and printed on a Gestetner off-set litho duplicating machine.
Around issue 17, the magazine was type-set on an Amstrad PCW using Wordstream and from "Lobster" 27, on an AppleMac with Claris Works.
"Lobster" Issue 57 (Summer 2009) was the last hard copy issue.
The magazine is published from Ramsay's home in Hull.
"Lobster" is published not-for-profit.
The "Independent on Sunday" quoted Ramsay that the magazine ".. always broke even, as I would put the price up if it started losing money.
The readers paid whatever I asked", which the newspaper commented "Sounds a fine business model".
Robert McCrum in "The Guardian" quotes Ramsay as boasting that "Lobster" is "the only left-wing journal to pay for itself".
In March 1993, "The Independent" newspaper noted that the founders of "Lobster" had fallen out, and that "The break between the two men began in December when Ramsay told Dorril he was removing his name from the "Lobster" masthead and would run the twice-yearly magazine alone."
The London Evening Standard reported that Ramsay had told his readers that Dorril also planned to produce a magazine called "Lobster".
After producing "Lobster" Issue 25, they each produced their own version of "Lobster" Issue 26.
Dorril recalls a different version of events.
Dorril's website indicates that his "Lobster" Issue 31 (October 1996) was the last published.
Alternative media expert and Professor of Media and Culture at Edinburgh Napier University, Chris Atton, notes that Dorril's "Lobster" concentrates on the activities of the British and US security services, while Robin Ramsay's "Lobster" casts its net wider to encompass histories of fascism, the JFK assassination, the Lockerbie bombing and the military's medical experiments on service personnel.
Name.
The name of the magazine, "Lobster", has attracted multiple interpretations.
Dorril recalls that "We wanted the magazine to sound not pompous, and as a teenager, he would invent names for punk rock groups.
'Lobster' was just one of his favourites."
Ramsay recalls that "The name "Lobster" was Steve Dorril's choice.
I couldn't think of an alternative and I didn't think the name mattered.
Controversy.
Operation Clockwork Orange, Colin Wallace and Fred Holroyd.
"Lobster" published the first account of the Colin Wallace affair, also known as Operation Clockwork Orange, about the plot by disaffected members of Britain's Security Service, MI5, to destabilise the Harold Wilson Labour Government, and to smear politicians such as former Tory prime minister Edward Heath.
The editors of "Lobster" described the revelations as Britain's Watergate and the biggest story since World War Two.
The revelations were subsequently confirmed by former MI5 officer Peter Wright in his book "Spycatcher".
Political fallout.
In late 1986, questions were asked in the UK Parliament concerning the matters in "Lobster".
Then Labour Party Member of Parliament for Hull North, Kevin McNamara, brought up the issue in the House of Commons, asking the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, to refer the matter to the Security Commission, and asking then Attorney-General and Conservative MP Michael Havers, to ask the Director of Public Prosecutions to investigate allegations published in "Lobster" and prosecute Colin Wallace for revealing details of secret service operations against Her Majesty's Government.
Both declined.
Two weeks later, Labour MP Tam Dalyell asked the Prime Minister why she would not refer the matter to the Security Commission, but she said that she had nothing more to add.
Who's Who of the British Secret State.
In 1989, British journalist Richard Norton-Taylor reported in "The Guardian" newspaper, that "Lobster" was planning to publish "a list of the names and brief biographical details of more than 1,500 past and present officials involved, according to the publishers, in covert activities".
A year later the article appeared in "Lobster" Issue 19, and another appeared 18 months later.
Although "The Guardian" noted that the Government was considering making the publication of such names a criminal offence, then "Lobster" co-editor Stephen Dorril noted that "All the names and details .. have been compiled by research in their local libraries or have already appeared in published books.
'No inside knowledge or breach of official secrets was needed'" 10 years later, Ramsay was quoted in the "Hull Daily Mail", that "At the time it was a way of sticking two fingers up at the Government".
House of Commons criticism.
Subsequently, "Lobster" was denounced in the British Parliament.
Contributors.
In 1998, the "Hull Daily Mail" described the magazine as "a tiny but influential fringe political journal".
In 2001, the magazine Red Pepper wrote that "Lobster" ".. succeeds on the quality of its writing... articles are well researched... human, passionate and honest...", the "Fortean Times" (who also syndicated a regular Lobster column by Ramsay) wrote that it was "... immensely engrossing reading, ...an essential purchase for anyone interested in the machinations of the secret state", "Green Anarchist" magazine wrote that "Lobster" is "... an invaluable resource, and deserves to be widely read and much studied", and Direct Action magazine described it as "a good read ... very revealing and worth it, just for the pub talk".
Trade Magazine "PRWeek" describes "Lobster" as a "Hull-based intelligence magazine and conspiracy theorists' bible", and the "Conspiracy Encyclopedia" described it as "the most influential publication in the parapolitical underground".
Professor of Media and Culture at Edinburgh Napier University, Chris Atton, notes that a reference at the end of an article in "Lobster" led to the founding of the activist librarians' group Information for Social Change.
The Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan Republic () is an independent state body of the Republic of Azerbaijan which jurisdiction is prescribed by the Constitution of Azerbaijan.
The Constitutional Court gives interpretation of the Constitution and laws based on petitions of the President of Republic, Milli Majlis, Cabinet of Ministers, Supreme Court, Prosecutor's Office and Ali Majlis of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic.
Overview.
To ensure the supremacy of the Constitution of Azerbaijan and protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals are the main objectives of the Court.
The President of Azerbaijan, Milli Majlis, Cabinet of Ministers, Supreme Court of Azerbaijan, Prosecutor's Office of Azerbaijan, Ali Majlis of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, Courts, Individuals and Ombudsman may apply to Constitutional Court according to Constitution of Azerbaijan.
Composition.
The Constitutional Court was established on 14 July 1998.
It is composed of 9 judges, appointed by the Milli Majlis upon recommendation of the president of the Republic.
The judges are appointed for a period of 15 years, without possibility to be re-appointed to the same post.
The president of Azerbaijan appoints the chairman and deputy chairman of Constitutional Court.
The chairman of the Constitutional Court is Mr. Farhad Abdullayev and the deputy chairman is Mrs. Sona Salmanova.
Activity.
Kevin S. Brown is the eleventh and current bishop of the Episcopal Church in the U.S. state of Delaware, presiding over the Episcopal Diocese of Delaware.
Biography.
Brown was raised in Asheville, North Carolina.
He studied at Duke University and graduated with a double major in Psychology and Mathematics in 1991.
In 1996, he graduated with a Master of Business Administration from the University of West Florida.
He also served as an Acquisitions Officer in the United States Air Force, after which he moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he worked in finance and marketing.
He earned his Master of Divinity from the General Theological Seminary in 2007 and was ordained deacon and priest.
That same year, he became rector of Grace Church in Paris, Tennessee, and in 2010 became rector of the Church of the Holy Comforter in Charlotte, North Carolina.
He was elected on July 15, 2017, on the fifth ballot, and was consecrated on December 9, 2017, by Presiding Bishop Michael Curry.
She was also known by her Anglicized and married name, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin.
She wrote several works chronicling her struggles with cultural identity, and the pull between the majority culture in which she was educated, and the Dakota culture into which she was born and raised.
Her later books were among the first works to bring traditional Native American stories to a widespread white English-speaking readership.
She was co-founder of the National Council of American Indians in 1926, which was established to lobby for Native people's right to United States citizenship and other civil rights they had long been denied.
It was composed in romantic musical style, and based on Sioux and Ute cultural themes.
Early life and education.
She was raised by her mother, Ellen Simmons, whose Dakota name was (Every Wind or Reaches for the Wind).
She later described those days as ones of freedom and happiness, safe in the care of her mother's people and tribe.
This training school was founded by Josiah White for the education of "poor children, white, colored, and Indian" to help them advance in society.
She later wrote about this period in her work, "The School Days of an Indian Girl."
She described the deep misery of having her heritage stripped away when she was forced to pray as a Quaker and to cut her traditionally long hair.
By contrast, she took joy in learning to read, write, and play the violin.
She spent three years there.
She was dismayed to realize that, while she still longed for the native Yankton traditions, she no longer fully belonged to them.
Besides, she thought that many on the reservation were conforming to the dominant white culture.
She planned to gain more through her education than becoming a housekeeper, a role the school anticipated most female students would pursue.
She studied piano and violin and started to teach music at White's after the music teacher resigned.
During this time, she began gathering traditional stories from a spectrum of Native tribes, translating them into Latin and English for children to read.
In 1897, six weeks before graduation, she was forced to leave Earlham College due to ill health and financial difficulties.
Music and teaching.
In 1899, she took a position at Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, where she taught music to children.
She also facilitated debates on the treatment of Native Americans.
At the 1900 Paris Exposition, she played violin with the school's Carlisle Indian Band.
In the same year, she began writing articles on Native American life, which were published in national periodicals such as "Atlantic Monthly" and "Harper's Monthly".
Her critical appraisal of the American Indian boarding school system and vivid portrayal of Indian deracination contrasted markedly to the more idealistic writings of most of her contemporaries.
It was her first visit in several years.
She was troubled to find her mother's house in disrepair, her brother's family had fallen into poverty, and white settlers were beginning to occupy lands allotted to the Yankton Dakota under the Dawes Act of 1887.
She resented his rigid program to assimilate Native Americans into dominant white culture and the limitations of the curriculum.
It prepared Native American children only for low-level manual work, assuming they would return to rural cultures.
That year she published an article in "Harper's Monthly" describing the profound loss of identity felt by a Native American boy after undergoing the assimilationist education at the school, a story called "The Soft Hearted Sioux", which Pratt called "trash".
Soon after, she took a job as a clerk at the Standing Rock Indian Reservation where she likely met Bonnin.
Marriage and family.
In early 1901, she was engaged to Carlos Montezuma, a Yavapi (Mohave-Apache) Indian.
She broke off the relationship by August.
He had refused to give up his private medical practice in Chicago and relocate with her to the Yankton Indian Agency, where she wanted to return.
In 1902, she met and married Raymond Talephause Bonnin, who was of Yankton-European ancestry and culturally Yankton.
Soon after their marriage, Bonnin was assigned by the BIA to the Uintah-Ouray reservation in Utah.
The couple lived and worked there with the Ute people for the next fourteen years.
Her husband, Bonnin, enlisted in the US Army in 1917 after the United States declared war against the German Empire during World War I.
He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1918.
He served in the Quarter Master Corps in Washington, D.C., and was honorably discharged with the rank of captain in 1920.
Earlier and later writing career.
The first period was from 1900 to 1904, when she published legends collected from Native American culture, as well as autobiographical narratives.
She continued to write during the following years, but she did not publish any of these writings.
They included "An Indian Teacher Among Indians", published in Volume 85 in 1900.
Included in the same issue were "Impressions of an Indian Childhood" and "School Days of an Indian Girl".
"Soft-Hearted Sioux" appeared in the March 1901 issue, Volume 102, and "The Trial Path" in the October 1901 issue, Volume 103.
She also wrote "A Warrior's Daughter", published in 1902 in Volume 6 of "Everybody's Magazine".
It was a treatise on her personal spiritual beliefs.
She countered the contemporary trend that suggested Native Americans readily adopted and conformed to the Christianity forced on them in schools and public life.
This tension has been described as generating much of the dynamism of her work.
The second phase of her writing career was from 1916 to 1924.
She and her husband had moved to Washington, D.C., where she became politically active.
She published some of her most influential writings, including "American Indian Stories" (1921) with the Hayworth Publishing House.
Included in the "Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians" publication was information about Stella Mason, as well as others.
She also created the Indian Welfare Committee of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, working as a researcher for it through much of the 1920s.
"American Indian Stories".
First published in 1921, these stories told of the hardships which she and other Native Americans encountered at the missionary and manual labor schools designed to "civilize" them and assimilate them to majority culture.
The autobiographical writings described her early life on the Yankton Reservation, her years as a student at White's Manual Labor Institute and Earlham College, and her time teaching at Carlisle Indian Industrial School.
Her autobiography contrasted the charm of her early life on the reservation with the "iron routine" which she found in the assimilation boarding schools.
But, however tempestuous this is within me, it comes out as the low voice of a curiously colored seashell, which is only for those ears that are bent with compassion to hear it."
"Old Indian Legends".
Commissioned by the Boston publisher Ginn and Company, "Old Indian Legends" (1901) was a collection of stories including some that she learned as a child and others she had gathered from various tribes.
Directed primarily at children, the collection was an attempt both to preserve Native American traditions and stories in print and to garner respect and recognition for those from the dominant European-American culture.
"Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians".
The article exposed several American corporations that had been working systematically, through such extra-legal means as robbery and even murder, to defraud Native American tribes, particularly the Osage.
After oil was discovered on their lands, speculators and criminals tried to acquire their headrights to leasing fees from development of their oil-rich land in Oklahoma.
During the 1920s, numerous Osage were murdered.
The work influenced Congress to pass the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which encouraged tribes to re-establish self-government, including management of their lands.
Under this act, the government returned some lands to them as communal property, which it had previously classified as surplus, so they could put together parcels that could be managed.
Articles for "American Indian Magazine".
From 1918 to 1919 she served as editor of the magazine, as well as contributing numerous articles.
These were her most explicitly political writings, covering topics such as the contribution of Native American soldiers to World War I, issues of land allotment, and corruption within the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the agency within the Department of Interior that oversaw American Indians.
Many of her political writings have since been criticized for favoring assimilation.
She called for recognition of Native American culture and traditions, while also advocating US citizenship rights to bring Native Americans into mainstream America.
She believed this was the way that they could both gain political power and protect their cultures.
Making an opera.
She also played Sioux melodies on the violin and flute, and Hanson used this as the basis of his music composition.
She based it on the Lakota Sun Dance, which the federal government prohibited the Ute from performing on the reservation.
The opera premiered in Utah in February 1913, with dancing and some parts performed by the Ute from the nearby Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation, and lead singing roles filled by non-natives.
According to historian Tadeusz Lewandowski, it was the first Native opera.
It debuted at Orpheus Hall in Vernal, Utah, to high local praise and critical acclaim.
Few works of Native American opera since have dealt so exclusively with Native American themes.
In 1938, the New York Light Opera Guild presented "The Sun Dance Opera" at The Broadway Theatre as its opera of the year.
Political activism.
During her time on the Uintah-Ouray reservation in Utah, she was involved with the Society of American Indians (SAI) which was dedicated to preserving the Native American way of life while lobbying for the right to full American citizenship.
The letterhead of the council stationery claimed that the overall goals for SAI was to "help Indians help themselves in protecting their rights and properties".
Such critics believe that Native Americans have lost cultural identity as they have become more part of mainstream American society.
She began to criticize practices of the BIA, such as their attempt at the national boarding schools to prohibit Native American children from using their native languages and cultural practices.
She reported incidents of abuse resulting from children's refusal to pray in a Christian manner.
During the 1920s she promoted a pan-Indian movement to unite all of America's tribes in the cause of lobbying for citizenship rights.
In 1924 the Indian Citizenship Act was passed, granting US citizenship rights to most indigenous peoples who did not already have it.
While Native Americans now had citizenship, discrimination remained widespread.
In some states their right to vote was denied, a situation not fully changed until the Civil rights movement of the 1960s.
In 1926, she and her husband founded the National Council of American Indians (NCAI), dedicated to the cause of uniting the tribes throughout the US in the cause of gaining full citizenship rights through suffrage.
Her early work was largely forgotten after the organization was revived in 1944 under male leadership.
This grassroots organization was dedicated to diversity in its membership and to maintaining a public voice for women's concerns.
Through the GFWC she created the Indian Welfare Committee in 1924.
She helped initiate a government investigation into the exploitation of Native Americans in Oklahoma and the attempts being made to defraud them of drilling rights and leasing fees for their oil-rich lands.
She undertook a speaking tour across the country for the General Federation of Women's Clubs where she called for the abolition of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
She encouraged them to support the Curtis Bill, which she believed would be favorable for Indians.
Though the bill granted Native Americans US citizenship, it did not grant those living on reservations the right to vote in local and state elections.
Death and legacy.
She is buried as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin in Arlington National Cemetery with her husband Raymond.
In the late 20th century, the University of Nebraska reissued many of her writings on Native American culture.
She has been recognized by the naming of a Venusian crater "Bonnin" in her honor.
In 1997 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.
In 2020, a park in that neighborhood that had previously been named for Henry Clay was renamed in her honor.
Chris Pappan illustrated a Google Doodle that incorporated ledger art for use in the United States on February 22, 2021, to celebrate her 145th birthday.
Prospectatrix is a genus of trilobites of average size, that lived in the Lower Ordovician and is probably ancestral to the other genera of the Cyclopygidae family.
Its eyes are only moderately enlarged and it has six or seven thorax segments.
Etymology.
Anna Maria Porter, is a Canadian publisher and novelist.
Life and career.
Born Anna Szigethy in Budapest, she emigrated to New Zealand in 1956.
She received a bachelor's degree and Master of Arts degree from the University of Canterbury.
In 1979, she founded Key Porter Books and in 1986 she purchased a majority stake in Doubleday Canada.
In 2004, she was appointed to the Board of Governors of York University.
In 1991, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for being "instrumental in bringing Canadian titles to the attention of the international market place".
In 2003, she was awarded the Order of Ontario.
She has been awarded honorary degrees from Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University), St. Mary's University, and the Law Society of Upper Canada.
In 2004 Porter sold her interest in Key Porter Books to focus on writing.
She has published three mystery novels and three books on Middle European history.
Her most recent book is "The Ghosts of Europe", published in September, 2010.
She is married to the lawyer Julian Porter.
Schwajda wrote several dramas and was the theater director of the city theater in Kaposvar.
He was a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1957 to 1959 and 1960 to 1964 for Hosdurg.
He represented Kerala state in Council of States, The Rajya Sabha from 1967 to 1970 and 1970 to 1976.
Weightlifting was contested from May 6 to May 8 at the 1954 Asian Games in Manila, Philippines.
Stephen Brialey (born 8 October 1963) is a British luger.
 is a closed railway station in Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, Japan, formerly operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) on the Kabe Line.
Lines.
Station layout.
History.
It became a JR West station on 1 April 1987 following the privatization of JNR.
The station closed on 1 December 2003 along with the rest of the non-electrified section of the Kabe Line.
During the Kabe Line extension towards Aki-Kameyama, the station was demolished.
Surrounding area.
It was built in 1877.
History.
On April 30, 1867, in the Municipal Assembly, rich trader bought three houses of baron Frano Gondola with a garden behind them for a sum of 28,500 fiorins inside the Walls of Dubrovnik in the old town.
The church has a valuable collection of icons, some of them dating from the 15th and 16th centuries.
A comprehensive history of the church and its parish entitled "The Serbian Orthodox Church in Dubrovnik to the Twentieth Century" was published in Dubrovnik, Belgrade and in Trebinje in 2007.
The church sustained damage from bombing during the Siege of Dubrovnik.
In 2009, the church was restored using funds from the Ministry of Culture of Croatia, City of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik-Neretva County, private contributions and credit.
This was the first restoration of the church.
Museum of Serbian Orthodox Church in Dubrovnik.
The church community maintains a museum of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Dubrovnik.
A number of old gospels, big collection of icons, highly decorated priest robes, chalices and jewellery is also kept as a part of the Museum collection.
Library of Serbian Orthodox Church in Dubrovnik.
The church owns a library of about 12 000 books.
In addition to liturgical books in Church Slavonic language, there are also books on different themes in Italian, French, Russian and other languages.
Her sister Lina is also a singer.
She has a son and a daughter with Martin Stenmarck.
Career.
She also competed with her sister Lina in Melodifestivalen 2002 with the song "Big Time Party" and finished in ninth place.
Hedlund was a judge of the TV4 show "Talang 2007", the Swedish version of "Britain's Got Talent", with Bert Karlsson and Tobbe Blom.
Blepharostoma is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Blepharostomataceae.
The 1935 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1935 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.
Druha Hrupa.
Tesla's Egg of Columbus was a device exhibited in the Westinghouse Electric display at the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition to explain the rotating magnetic field that drove the new alternating current induction motors designed by inventor Nikola Tesla by using that magnetic field to spin a copper egg on end.
Origins.
At the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition Westinghouse Electric (who had a large space in the "Electricity Building" devoted to their electrical exhibits) asked Tesla to participate and gave his devices their own exhibit space.
The display demonstrated a series of electrical effects related to alternating current, AC generators, and displayed many types of induction motors and explained the rotating magnetic field that drove them.
With the fair celebrating the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World, the "Egg of Columbus" exhibit, building on the apocryphal 15th century story of the "Egg of Columbus" (where the explorer stood an egg on end by smashing its bottom), is described as going "one better" by using a magnetic field to stand an egg on end.
It presented the viewer with a flat round wooden surface surrounded by a wooden rim.
Inside this rim it performed Christopher Columbus's feat by spinning a copper egg, larger than an ostrich egg, in a rotating magnetic field causing it to stand on end on its major axis due to gyroscopic action.
The display also included round copper balls that seemed to orbit around the edge similar to the way planets move.
Whenever the large rotating magnetic field set up by the Egg of Columbus was turned on it impressed the public by spinning various magnetized metal balls and painted metal disks on the display table and even small disks inside vacuum bulbs placed at some distance around the Electricity Building.
Underneath what the public saw was a toroidal iron core stator on which four electromagnetic coils were wound.
The device was powered by a two-phase alternating current source (such as a variable speed alternator) to create the rotating magnetic field.
The device operated on a frequency of 25 to 300 hertz.
The ideal operating frequency was described as being between 35 and 40 hertz.
The device has been described as being built by Westinghouse engineer Charles F. Scott, who was in charge of development of the induction motor for the company, although a March 1919 Electrical Experimenter article claimed it was built by Westinghouse Electric Superintendent Albert Schmid.
Alternative origin.
An alternative origin for Tesla's "Egg of Columbus" was told by Nikola Tesla himself to the editors of Electrical Experimenter and published in their March, 1919 article "How Tesla Performed the Feat of Columbus Without Cracking the Egg".
At that time these would have been Charles F. Peck and Alfred S. Brown, Tesla's financial backers and partners in the Tesla Electric Company.
Tesla's story has him convincing these men that a rotating magnetic field AC induction motor would be a feasible invention worth developing via building the "Egg of Columbus" the next day and demonstrating it to them.
New South Wales won the championship.
Statistics.
Most Runs.
Two days later Vallejo resigned.
Sadguru Riteshwar Ji Maharaj is an Indian spiritual leader, motivational speaker and author.
Sadguru has spoken at cultural festivals such as the Radha Madhav Mahotsav and Guru Poornima Mahotsav held annually across various countries including India, Nepal, Scotland, South Africa, Australia, and Canada.
Sadguru established Shri Anandam Dham as an international educational non-profit organization in Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh.
Branches of the organization operate in the capital cities of each state in India.
The organization runs an environmentalist 'Save water, Save tree, Save future' campaign in India.
The organization also runs numerous youth programs tackling drug and alcohol addiction in India.
Sadguru also runs Ladli Prasadham, a free food centre, in Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh.
Early life and education.
Sadguru was born on 5 January 1973 in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh to a Brahmin family.
Sadguru's parents are Shri Yut Vijay Narayan and Shrimati Manju Devi.
His parents were teachers in Bihar.
The 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship was a golf tournament contested from May 28 to June 2 at the Crabapple Course of the Capital City Club in Atlanta, Georgia.
It was the 75th NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship, and the tournament was hosted by the Georgia Institute of Technology.
The tournament was won by the Alabama Crimson Tide who won their first championship by defeating the Illinois Fighting Illini in the match-play championship round.
The individual national championship was won by Max Homa of the California Golden Bears who won by three strokes.
The seedings for the regional tournaments were released on May 6, 2013, and the regional rounds were held around the country from May 16 to May 18, 2013.
Venue.
This will be the first NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship held at the Capital City Club in Atlanta, Georgia.
Team competition.
Sirudavoor Lake is an inland lake with wetlands in the Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu state, in eastern South India.
This lake is on the Coromandel Coast, near the Bay of Bengal.
It lies approximately south of Chennai city.
The lake is home to a number of bird species.
During winter, several migratory species can be spotted.
Ecology.
Sirudavoor Lake is a rain-fed fresh water lake used for irrigation and fishing.
The habitat consists of a freshwater lake system, open grassland, sparse dry scrub and reed beds.
It is known for fresh water ducks such as Eurasian wigeon and cotton pygmy goose.
Over 110 resident and migratory bird species have been recorded so far, with 84 being counted in the Asian Waterbird Census in January 2020.
Both red-wattled lapwing and yellow-wattled lapwing are seen in close proximity.
Some of the resident bird species include little green bee-eater, pied bushchat, ashy-crowned sparrow-lark, paddyfield pipit, yellow-wattled lapwing, red-wattled lapwing, Indian pond heron, egret, Indian courser, common kingfisher, pied kingfisher, white-breasted kingfisher, little ringed plover, red-rumped swallow, shikra, white-eyed buzzard, red-necked falcon, short-toed snake-eagle, baya weaver, zitting cisticola, plain prinia, ashy prinia and Indian roller.
During winter months blue-tailed bee-eater, common kestrel, yellow wagtail, barn swallow, glossy ibis, black-headed ibis, Eurasian spoonbill, painted stork, openbill stork, booted eagle, Oriental pratincole, common sandpiper, wood sandpiper and greenshank can be spotted.
Uncommon raptors such as red-necked falcon and short-toed snake-eagle can also be spotted.
Locality.
The village of Sirudavoor is situated on the north-east boundary of the lake.
David Schlosberg (born November 16, 1963) is an American political theorist who is currently a Professor of Environmental Politics in the Department of Government and International Relations the University of Sydney.
Career.
Schlosberg earned his bachelor of arts in politics and psychology, graduating from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1985.
He then read for a master of science in political science at the University of Oregon (UO), graduating in 1991, and then a doctorate in political science, also at the UO.
He completed this degree in 1996.
From 1992 to 1996, he worked as an instructor at the UO.
He was an affiliate faculty member at the Center for Sustainable Environments at NAU which he remained until 2010, and, in 2005, he became the chair of the Department of Politics and International Relations.
In 2008, he stopped being chair, and became the director of the university's Environmental Studies Program, which he remained until 2010.
The Balboa Line was the southernmost route of the Pacific Electric Railway.
It ran between Downtown Los Angeles and the Balboa Peninsula in Orange County by way of North Long Beach, though the route was later cut back to the Newport Dock.
It was designated as route 17.
History.
Originally planned by the Pacific Electric, the line was turned over to the Los Angeles Inter-Urban Electric Railway in 1904.
The Los Angeles Inter-Urban was acquired by Pacific Electric in 1908.
In July 1942, passenger service was briefly restarted with runs of the club car "Commodore", lasting just under two months.
By July, morning and evening runs were discontinued, as noise from the interurban line interfered with the United States Navy submarine listening post at Seal Beach.
Service was fully discontinued at the end of September under further direction by the Navy.
Rush Hour service began again in June 1944, but was discontinued after three months.
A fifth restoration with a more comprehensive schedule started in June 1945, but service was again discontinued after three months.
June 1946 brought the last incarnation of the line.
By mid-1948, Pacific Electric had purchased the requisite Southern Pacific Railroad lines to allow them to move freight to Newport and Huntington without the trip through Long Beach and Sunset Beach.
"Commodore" service lasted seasonally until September 1949, its final run.
Though ridership early on was very high, it had slowly dwindled to 55,390 in 1948.
Freight service along the route continued after passenger operations ended.
The bridge between Seal Beach and Long Beach was removed in 1958.
Demand had dwindled by 1960, and the route was formally abandoned in 1962.
Trackage in Newport Beach was removed in 1977.
After abandonment.
Since closure of the rail line, the beach route between Long Beach and Balboa has become heavily trafficked, and plans to revive rail service along this corridor have been proposed sporadically.
The Long Beach Green Belt path occupies of the corridor in Belmont Heights.
The Jenni Rivera Memorial Park also occupies a segment of the right of way in Long Beach.
Service.
The route ran "flyer" service between Downtown Los Angeles and Willowville (a route also served by the Long Beach Line), making flag stops only at Vernon, Slauson, Watts, Compton and Dominguez Junction.
"Commodore".
The "Commodore" was a parlor car which ran a limited schedule during the summer seasons.
It was the only such service operated by Pacific Electric.
Beginning in 1936, the special was intended to attract commuters with summer homes in the area.
Initial "Commodore" runs called at Balboa, Newport Beach, Huntington Beach, and Long Beach before continuing nonstop to Los Angeles.
By the end of its life in 1949, the car only called at Huntington Beach between Newport and Los Angeles.
Route.
The Balboa Line followed the Long Beach Line as far as North Long Beach (Willow Street).
From that junction the line branched southwesterly on dual tracks across American Avenue (Long Beach Boulevard) to enter a private right of way which cut diagonally across the city street grid of Long Beach and also forms part of the boundary of Long Beach and the City of Signal Hill.
The line crossed Atlantic Avenue at grade and passed under orange Avenue.
The dual tracks on private way then skirted the Colorado Lagoon and paralleled Apian Way (by the Marine Stadium) from Nieto Avenue to the San Gabriel River in Long Beach, and used three wooden trestle bridges in crossing Alamitos Bay and the river.
East of the San Gabriel River the line entered Seal Beach in private way in the center of Electric Avenue, and up to 1942, crossed Anaheim Bay on a trestle to Surfside and Sunset Beach.
In 1942, construction of the U.S.
Naval Ammunition and Net Depot caused the line to be rerouted north from Electric Avenue on 17th Street to the Ocean Side of Pacific Coast Highway around Anaheim Bay to Sunset Beach.
The tracks followed a private right of way south of Pacific Coast Highway to Phillips Street and then turned onto another private right of way dividing Pacific Avenue in Surfside and Sunset Beach.
The line then ran along Pacific Avenue through Surfside and Sunset Beach.
Leaving Sunset Beach the line followed a private way between Pacific Coast Highway and the ocean to the Pacific Electric station on the south side of Ocean Avenue at Main Street in Huntington Beach.
The line was double track to Huntington Beach and single track from there to Balboa.
From Huntington Beach the line continued on a private way on the Ocean side of Pacific Coast Highway to approximately 59th Street in Newport Beach, where the line entered a private right of way dividing Seashore Drive.
At 32nd Street the tracks curved into Newport Boulevard.
Kolyvan () is a rural locality (a village) in Kuryinsky District of Altai Krai, Russia, located on the slopes of the Kolyvan Range.
Kolyvan was founded in the first half of the 18th century due to the construction of the Kolyvan-Voskresensky copper- and silver-melting plant, which would operate until 1799.
Starting in 1786, the so-called "polishing mill" (polishing and lapidary factory since 1802) had been producing decorative articles for the royal court, such as vases, fireplaces, columns, etc.
Often, they would use the drawings of Giacomo Quarenghi, Andrei Voronikhin, Carlo Rossi, and others to create their luxurious items.
His feast day is 3 January.
"The Best I Know How" is a song written by Kim Reid, and recorded by American country music group The Statler Brothers.
Gordana Jurcan (born ) is a retired Croatian female volleyball player.
She was a member of the Croatia women's national volleyball team.
Jurcan was part of the Croatian national team at the 1993 Mediterranean Games in Languedoc-Roussillon, at the 1995 European Championship in the Netherlands, at the 1995 World Cup in Japan, and at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Career.
Jurcan was born in Pula, Croatia.
When she was still in the "kadeti" of her club, she started playing for the first team.
Her talent was quickly noted, and several top teams tried to bring her to their club.
She eventually chose Rijeka, and played there for the rest of her career.
She was one of the fundamental players of Rijeka for many years, as well as the "captain in the real sense of the word."
With Rijeka she won the 1999 and 2000 Croatian Leagues, and the 1992, 1999, 2000, and 2001 Croatian Cups.
She played both for Yugoslavia and Croatia at a youth level.
After the fall of Yugoslavia, she started playing for Croatia, and in 1992 became a standard player in the Croatian national team.
With Croatia, she played at the 1993 Mediterranean Games, winning the gold medal.
She won the silver medal at the 1995 European Championship in the Netherlands.
In the same year, she also took part with Croatia in the 1995 World Cup, finishing fourth.
She competed with the national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, finishing 7th.
Jurcan retired in 2001.
Five years later, she started training the youth academy of HAOK Rijeka.
Sporting achievements.
Clubs.
National championships.
Gymnarrhenoideae is a subfamily with in the family Asteraceae, with only one tribe, the Gymnarrheneae.
Two very different species have been assigned to it, "Gymnarrhena micrantha", a winter annual from the deserts of North-Africa and the Middle-East, and "Cavea tanguensis", a perennial herb that grows on scree near streams and glaciers in the Eastern Himalayas.
These species have very little in common, other than having two types of flower heads and sharing a tendency towards dioecism.
Both also have basal leaf rosettes, stretched leaves, with few spaced teeth on the margin, and both lack spines and latex.
Taxonomy.
The subfamily Gymnarrhenoideae and tribe Gymnarrheneae were erected in 2009 by Jose Panero and Vicki Funk to accommodate the isolated position of "Gymnarrhena" that is suggested by genetic analyses.
A later analysis including rare species from China illustrated that "Cavea" is its sister taxon.
Phylogeny.
Based on recent genetic analysis, it is now generally accepted that the Pertyoideae subfamily is sister to a clade that has as its basal member the Gymnarrhenoideae, and further consists of the Asteroideae, Corymbioideae and Cichorioideae.
These three subfamilies share a deletion of nine base-pairs in the ndhF gene which is not present in "Gymnarrhena micrantha".
Career.
Two years later, Zamponi completed a move to Flandria of Primera B Metropolitana.
In 2008, Zamponi joined fellow fourth tier team Excursionistas.
He scored the first four league goals of his career with them.
His first goal for them arrived in their 2014 opener versus Almirante Brown, a season which ended with promotion.
After two further goals in eighty-nine more games, Zamponi left for Crucero del Norte in Torneo Federal A in August 2017.
The campus is located in Wildwood, Missouri, a western suburb of St. Louis, Missouri in an area known as west St. Louis County.
History.
The college opened in August 2007.
The Wildwood campus was created because of the rapidly growing population of west St. Louis County and to relieve some of the pressures from STLCC-Meramec's growing and overcapacity 12,000-13,000 student population.
Campus.
The Wildwood campus is located off Route 109 and Route 100 in West St. Louis County.
The architecture of the building is also designed to enhance the health of the students and faculty using the facilities.
STLCC-WW is also tobacco-free, not only in the buildings but on all campus property.
The main campus building houses high-tech classrooms and labs, a library and bookstore, student services, lounges, a multipurpose room and rooms equipped with sophisticated presentation and Web-based technologies.
Notable Programs.
UM-St. Louis at Wildwood.
Beginning in the Spring 2008 semester UM-St Louis began offering classes at Wildwood for students to begin taking classes at Wildwood and then make an easy transfer after the second year into the main UMSL campus.
Athletics.
USS "Nirvana II" (SP-204) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1918.
"Nirvana II" was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1916 by Brett Brothers at West Lynn, Massachusetts.
The U.S. Navy acquired her from her owner, J. Hartley Merrick of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 18 May 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel.
She was commissioned as USS "Nirvana II" (SP-204) the same day.
"Nirvana II" was assigned to the 4th Naval District, headquartered at Philadelphia, during the war, alternating between the Northern Patrol Area and the Southern Patrol Area along the United States East Coast.
The routine was interrupted in June 1917 when she took to high seas patrol from 9 to 12 June and dispatch boat duty from 13 to 16 June.
In September 1917, she joined the Special Cruising Squadron, adding status to her patrol duties.
After a respite at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on League Island in Philadelphia in February 1918, "Nirvana II" was based at Reedy Island in the Delaware River and shuttled from one island to another around Philadelphia.
She remained at this work until dispatch duty to New Castle, Delaware, in August 1918.
Thereafter she moved up to Essington, Pennsylvania, for boarding duty in September 1918.
Decommissioning at Philadelphia on 30 November 1918, "Nirvana II" was returned to her owner on 2 December 1918.
An environmental gradient, or climate gradient, is a change in abiotic (non-living) factors through space (or time).
Environmental gradients can be related to factors such as altitude, depth, temperature, soil humidity and precipitation.
Abiotic influence.
The species distribution along environmental gradients has been studied intensively due to large databases of species presence data (e.g.
GBIF).
The abiotic factors that environmental gradients consist of can have a direct ramifications on organismal survival.
Generally, organismal distribution is tied to those abiotic factors, but even an environmental gradient of one abiotic factor yields insight into how a species distribution might look.
With elevated regions most intensely feeling the effects of climate change and these effects being linked to increased species diversity in impacted regions, this is a key consideration in prioritizing habitats for conservation efforts.
At an ecotone, species abundances change relatively quickly compared to the environmental gradient.
Biotic interactions.
Although environmental gradients are comprised gradually changing and predictable patterns of an abiotic factor, there is strong interplay between both biotic-biotic factors as well as biotic-abiotic factors.
For example, species abundance usually changez along environmental gradients in a more or less predictable way.
However, the species abundance along an environmental gradient is not only determined by the abiotic factor associated with the gradient but, also by the change in the biotic interactions, like competition and predation, along the environmental gradient.
Local adaptation along environmental gradients.
Depending on the size of the landscape and the gene flow between populations, local adaptation could arise between populations inhabiting two extremes of the landscape.
The opposing extremes in abiotic conditions that are faced between populations and the lack of homogenizing gene flow could present conditions where two populations are able to differentiate.
Often times when comparing fitness or phenotypic values across an environmental gradient, the data are fixated into a reaction norm framework.
In this way, an individual can directly assess the changes across a landscape of a particular species' phenotype or compare fitness and phenotypes of populations within a species across environmental gradients (particularly when performing reciprocal transplant studies).
Impact of climate change.
Current models predict that as climate change intensifies, certain environmental gradients may experience the effects as changing rates of natural processes or impacts on distribution and characteristics of species within them.
Given the interconnectedness of abiotic factors, long-term disturbances of one gradient have the possibility of affecting other gradients.
Soil characteristics.
Soil respiration, the process of soil naturally releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, acts as an example of this.
Similarly, rate of precipitation has a positive correlation with respiration (as moisture no longer becomes a limiting factor).
Thus, it not only is its own gradient (average precipitation across a range), but also connects with the respiration gradient and impacts it.
Altitude.
Altitude gradients are a key consideration in understanding migration patterns due to the effects of global warming.
As temperatures increase, trees adapted to warmer climates will migrate uphill for access to sunlight, and thus populations of temperate or cold-adapted trees and the habitats suitable for them will shrink.
Environmental gradients in society.
Dimitry Muravyev (, born 2 November 1979 in Kazakhstan) is a former professional road bicycle racer from Kazakhstan.
In 2007, he joined the newly formed Kazakh team on the UCI ProTour, where he managed to place 8th in the 2007 Tour of Flanders and was a member of the winning team in the 2009 Tour de France.
The story is set during a Livonian War era peasant uprising.
Leucopsila is a genus of poriferans in the family Baeriidae.
The Quito Open, also known as the Quite Grand Prix, was a Grand Prix affiliated men's professional tennis tournament played from 1979 to 1982.
It was held in Quito in Ecuador and played on outdoor clay courts.
Cristian Castells Ortega (born 19 October 1984) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a central defender.
Club career.
Castells was born in Sueca, Valencia. in the Super League Greece.
In January 2014, however, after only six competitive matches, he returned to his country and his native region, joining amateurs CF Cullera.
Castells rarely settled in the following years, representing Spanish amateur clubs and professional teams in Romania (Liga II) and Northern Ireland.
Personal life.
Castells' younger brother, Marc, was also a footballer.
He was a senior resident fellow at the University of Michigan School of Education.
He also was the superintendent of the Detroit Public Schools from 2000 to 2005, Colorado Springs District 11 Schools, and Fairbanks North Star Borough School District in Fairbanks, Alaska.
Accomplishments.
Named Superintendent of the year by the American Association of School Administrators.
In 2008, he was a finalist for the Eastern Michigan University presidential search.
First African-American track coach at the University of Michigan in 1968.
Desegregated the Ypsilanti Public Schools.
Death.
Burnley died on Saturday July 3, 2011, from complications following knee surgery earlier in the week.
Biography.
Zhang was born in Zhaozhou County, Heilongjiang, in July 1964.
He earned a bachelor's degree in clinical medicine in 1986, a master's degree in genetics in 1989, and a doctor's degree in cell biology in 1994, all from China Medical University (PRC).
After graduation, he joined the faculty of the university.
In 2018, he was appointed president of Harbin Medical University, replacing .
Hinckley Yachts, founded in 1928, manufactures, services and sells luxury sail and powerboats.
The company is based in Maine, United States.
The company has developed yacht technologies including JetStick and Dual Guard composite material, and was an early developer of the fiberglass hull.
Currently, Hinckley operates service yards in seven locations along the east coast of the United States, making it one of the most integrated boating concerns in the United States.
History.
Hinckley was founded in 1928 by Benjamin B. Hinckley after he purchased a small boatyard in Southwest Harbor, ME.
Straying away from boatbuilding, Hinckley opened Manset Marine Supply Company in 1940 for which he designed many fittings for fuel tanks, stanchions, deck plates, and the like that are still utilized today.
At the start of World War II, Hinckley turned to manufacturing war-designed boats.
His first fiberglass sailboat, the Bermuda 40, was launched in 1960.
In 1979 Henry Hinckley sold the company to Richard Tucker.
Also in 1994, the company first used its jet propulsion technology.
William Bain, Ralph Willard, and Alexander Spaulding took over operations.
Under the new ownership, Hinckley began to market power boats equipped with jet drives.
The company also developed more advanced fiberglass construction techniques dubbed "Dual Guard", which aimed to create a stronger hull.
Company overview.
Hinckley currently conducts operations in twelve U.S. locations.
Due to economic forces the company reduced its workforce in mid-2008 to 305 at the end of August 2009.
By May 2017, The Hinckley Company employed 685 workers in its boatyards, boat building and corporate facilities in the U.S. Hinckley acquired Hunt Yachts in August 2014 and Morris Yachts the following year.
The acquisitions added two boat building facilities and one additional yacht yard which are all continuing operations.
Current yachts.
The Talaria fleet was first built in 1989.
The Talaria 43 was lauded by the press and appeared on the covers of Powerand Motoryacht magazine and Yachting magazine in October 2014 following its introduction that year.
The Bermuda 40.
The last B40 was built in 1991, ending its 32nd year of production with the 203rd rendition of the trendsetting yacht.
The Picnic Boat.
In 1994 Hinckley put forth the first Picnic Boat.
"Many explanations for the phenomenal success of the Picnic Boat have been proffered, but all eventually come down to aesthetics.
The sinuous shape perfectly manages to express the two worlds from which this boat sprang--yachts and lobster boats-- and its proportions are inherently pleasing to the nautical eye."
The Picnic Boat style was created by Hinckley and is a registered trademark of the company.
Originally designed with jet propulsion, the Picnic Boat led to the development of the JetStick.
Research and development.
Hinckley introduced the JetStick, Dual Guard composite material, and the use of fiberglass.
The first experiments with fiberglass began during the 1950s and concluded with the creation of the B40 in 1959.
Hinckley created Dual Guard technology in 1999, a composite composed of an aramid and carbon fiber, aimed at creating a stronger and more efficient hull.
In 2016, the company launched a remote monitoring system called OnWatch.
OnWatch uses a series of sensors to track numerous data points on a boat and relay them via a cellular system to servers that update a mobile Web site (it feels like an app when you add the OnWatch icon to your smartphone homescreen).
Once you log in, it gives you a homescreen with an at-a-glance understanding of how your boat is doing, from technical details such as engine status, bilge, battery, and fuel-tank levels, to the state of your shore power connectivity.
The JetStick, designed by Control Engineering, Inc., was first used in 1998.
The computer-integrated design allows the skipper to control and dock the boat through the use of a joystick.
Surjasta () is a 2013 Indian Assamese-language narrative feature film directed by Prodyut Kumar Deka.
The story of the film was written by journalist Jitumani Bora and scripted by Chandan Sarma.
It is based on child psychology and extra-marital affairs.
The film was released on 17 May 2013 in India.
It was produced by Rosy Bora and certified "U" (unrestricted) by the CBFC.
Awards and nominations.
The Alaska Permanent Fund (APF) is a constitutionally established permanent fund managed by a state-owned corporation, the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation (APFC).
It was established in Alaska in 1976 by Article 9, Section 15 of the Alaska State Constitution under Governor Jay Hammond and Attorney General Avrum Gross.
From February 1976 until April 1980, the Department of Revenue Treasury Division managed the state's Permanent Fund assets, until, in 1980, the Alaska State Legislature created the APFC.
The main use for the fund's revenue has been to pay out the Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD), which many authors portray as the only example of a basic income in practice.
History.
Shortly after the oil from Alaska's North Slope began flowing to market through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, the Permanent Fund was created by an amendment to the Alaska Constitution.
This does not mean the fund is solely funded by oil revenue.
The Alaska Permanent Fund sets aside a certain share of oil revenues to continue benefiting current and all future generations of Alaskans.
This belief spurred a desire to put some oil revenues out of direct political control.
The Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation manages the assets of both the Permanent Fund and other state investments, but spending Fund income is up to the Legislature.
Some growth was due to good management, some to inflationary re-investment, and some via legislative decisions to deposit extra income during boom years.
Each year, the fund's realized earnings are split between inflation-proofing, operating expenses, and the annual Permanent Fund Dividend.
The fund is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and has therefore signed up to the Santiago Principles on best practice in managing sovereign wealth funds.
The Fund's current chief investment officer is Marcus Frampton.
Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation.
The Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation is a government instrumentality of the State of Alaska created to manage and invest the assets of the Alaska Permanent Fund and other funds designated by law.
Board of trustees.
This means if residency is taken on January 2, the "calendar year" would not start until next January 1.
Although the principal or corpus of the fund is constitutionally protected, income earned by the fund, like nearly all state income, is constitutionally defined as general fund money.
As a result, each qualified resident now receives the same annual amount, regardless of age or years of residency.
Payments from the fund are subject to federal income tax.
Alaska has no state income tax, but part-year residents who leave the state may be taxed on them by their new state of residence.
The PFD is a Basic Income in the form of a resource dividend.
Some researchers argue, "It has helped Alaska attain the highest economic equality of any state in the United States... And, seemingly unnoticed, it has provided unconditional cash assistance to needy Alaskans at a time when most states have scaled back aid and increased conditionality."
Annual individual payout.
This is the fund's history of annual individual payouts, in USD.
Constitutional Budget Reserve.
The Constitutional Budget Reserve (CBR) is a companion fund to the Permanent Fund which was established in 1991 to ease problems from the variability of oil revenue, which vary depending upon the price of oil in the market.
Deposits into the CBR consist of settlements of back taxes and other revenues owed to the state.
The size of the debt owed to the CBR has raised doubts over repayment.
The CBR is based on the assumption that the general fund deficit will remain constant over time (allowing paybacks to balance draws).
Believing this to be mistaken, critics allege the state uses resources from the CBR to avoid reducing the budget, acknowledging debt, or increasing taxes.
According to them, falling oil revenues and growing spending requirements will leave paybacks consistently lower than draws, causing the CBR to fail.
The high vote requirement was meant to ensure that draws from the CBR would be rare, but in fact such draws are common.
Donley thus explains why both parties can and do use the higher voting rule requirement to more frequently spend from the CBR.
Issues with the Permanent Fund.
Dividends and spending.
However, the consolidated account of both General and Permanent Funds usually shows a surplus.
The Funds' ultimate uses were never clearly spelled out at its inception, leaving no current consensus over what role Fund earning should play in the current and expected state budget shortfalls.
However, some people argue that the original intent was to fund state government after the temporary oil riches ceased, while others note that the Fund's intent changed from its 1976 origin when in 1982 the Dividend program began.
Public opinion strongly favors the Dividend program.
Gov.
Knowles, Lt. Gov.
Ulmer, and many other elected officials urged a "yes" vote.
Campaign spending greatly favored the "yes" side.
Perceived support of the dividend program is so universally strong that it ensures the dividend's continuity and the protection of the Fund's principal, since any measure characterized as negatively impacting dividend payouts represents a loss to the entire populace.
That is, legislators willing to appropriate the Fund's annual earnings are constrained by the high political costs of any measures leading to a decrease in the public's dividend.
Percent of Market Value (POMV) proposal.
In 2000, the APFC Board of Trustees proposed changing the Permanent Fund's management system to a Percent of Market Value (PoMV) approach which would require an amendment to the state constitution.
The PoMV proposal would limit withdrawals to five percent of the fund's value each year, to be spent at the discretion of the Legislature.
Currently the Legislature has authority to appropriate all of the fund's realized earnings.
This price shift caused an 80 percent decline in state revenue and resulted in a multibillion-dollar budget gap.
The legislature carefully vetted this percentage over the course of two sessions and has come to a consensus.
Since this POMV proposal does not close the gap entirely, members of the legislature are considering a tax bill as well.
Impact.
A 2018 paper found that the Alaska Permanent Fund "dividend had no effect on employment, and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17 percent)... our results suggest that a universal and permanent cash transfer does not significantly decrease aggregate employment."
On an annual basis, however, changes in criminal activity from the payment are small.
Trichura aurifera is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae.
The 1978 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 97th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 87th season in the National League.
The Cardinals went 69-93 during the season and finished fifth in the National League East, 21 games behind the Philadelphia Phillies.
Regular season.
In late April, the Cardinals fired manager Vern Rapp, who had started at 7-11.
He was briefly replaced by coach Jack Krol for two games (1-1) before giving the job on a permanent basis to their former MVP third-baseman Ken Boyer, who went 61-81 the rest of the way.
On June 16, Tom Seaver of the Cincinnati Reds made history by pitching a no-hitter against the Cardinals.
It would be the only no-hitter of his career.
First baseman Keith Hernandez won a Gold Glove.
Player stats.
Batting.
Starters by position.
The Golden Mile is a commercial district in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Situated along Eglinton Avenue East, east of Victoria Park Avenue, it was one of Canada's first model industrial parks.
The original Golden Mile of Industry ran along Eglinton from Pharmacy Avenue east to Birchmount Road.
The area was farmland prior to World War II with settlement by Scottish immigrants beginning in the 1820s (notably by the likes of the McCowans and Thompsons) and prior to settlements by Europeans in the late 18th century was mostly covered by forests.
History.
In the 1940s, was acquired by the Government of Canada to build munitions plants for Canada's involvement in World War II.
In 1941 General Engineering Company of Ontario (GECO) a massive munitions plant was constructed covering the area southeast of Eglinton and Warden.
The facility was located in the area, which was then far from the city, to protect against accidental detonations.
At its peak, 5,300 people worked at the plant and 256,567,485 munitions were produced over the course of the war.
Following the war, under the leadership of Scarborough reeve, Oliver E. Crockford, the area and 14 buildings were purchased from the Government of Canada by the Township of Scarborough.
The township built municipal offices and a library along Eglinton and sold the rest to private industry to develop the area as "The Golden Mile", patterned after the Golden Mile in London, England.
In the 1950s and 1960s, numerous factories producing mostly consumer goods operated along the Golden Mile including a 34 hectare General Motors van assembly plant.
Further west, retail uses developed, including the Golden Mile Plaza and the Eglinton Square Shopping Centre.
Surrounding the industrial area, suburban residential development was built.
Due to the success of the Golden mile, further east along Eglinton between Birchmount and Kennedy, the Ionview neighborhood was developed, with a large amount of apartment buildings fronting Eglinton, making it a compact apartment neighbourhood.
Today, little industrial uses exist on Eglinton Avenue, while some industrial uses remain off Eglinton on side streets.
Around the year 2000, the south section of Eglinton development of the former van plant property was being redeveloped into a new trend at the time American style "big box" retail uses.
In 2014, the City of Toronto government and Metrolinx conducted a preplanning exercise called Eglinton Connects to create walkable, mixed-use developments along the Eglinton Crosstown LRT.
One area for such development is the Golden Mile site between Victoria Park Avenue and Pharmacy Avenue, which will be served by two LRT stops.
City planning officials said that, although there is weak demand for new condos in central Scarborough, the LRT is stimulating demand for development.
Economy.
List of businesses.
Golden Mile Plaza was added west of the industrial "mile" in 1954 and was visited in 1959 by Queen Elizabeth II marking the further transformation of the area into a series of strip malls.
The original strip mall on the north of Eglinton Avenue was anchored by a Famous Players movie theatre located at Pharmacy Avenue and Eglinton.
The west section of the strip was severely damaged by a fire in 1986, which hastened the beginning of the transformation of the area into one of Toronto's largest concentrations of power centres and big-box stores.
The plaza was replaced with the first Loblaws branded Super Store within Toronto and a few other retail stores.
Its building was not a mall and was not comparable to the variety of retail stores and services it replaced.
Other stores that were originally part of the strange design of the building were a Fabricland and a Zellers, which closed in the 2000s.
The superstore was rebranded as a No Frills, and much later Toronto Employment and Social Services, popular retailer Joe Fresh (part of Loblaws), Fit 4 Less, and a dollar store became tenants in 2010, using space that Zellers and Fabricland had previously occupied.
In 2017, the property owner Choice Properties REIT announced a redevelopment of the 19-acre site into a mixed-use, transit-oriented development.
It will include a mix of buildings of various heights and a new Loblaws supermarket.
The development will create new streets surrounding nine city blocks and include a public park and a public square.
The first phase will entail the construction of the new supermarket, the demolition of the existing mall, and the construction of new streets through the project.
This redevelopment is still in the proposal state, along with all other proposed redevelopment pending completion of the Golden Mile Secondary Plan Study.
Institutions.
The Golden Mile is home to several services operated by the City of Toronto government, including the Toronto Public Library, whose Eglinton Square branch is located in the neighbourhood.
The Government of Canada also operates several institutions in the neighbourhood, including a provincial courthouse, as well as the Toronto East Detention Centre.
She fought as a communist partisan during World War II in Yugoslavia.
Life and career.
Kardelj became a member of the League of Communists of Slovenia in 1935, and she was the only woman present at the founding congress of the League of Communists of Slovenia.
In 1941 she became involved in the Yugoslav resistance movement.
In December of 1941, Kardelj was captured, and she was imprisoned until the capitulation of Italy in 1943.
She ultimately achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Yugoslav People's Army.
Kardelj was found dead on April 15, 1990.
She died under mysterious circumstances, and it has been speculated that her death may have been related to a critique she published a few weeks earlier criticizing the regime.
The original founders were David Rossiter and Michel Arcizet.
Otter Creek is a stream in Sauk County, Wisconsin, in the United States.
Henri Lorenzo P. Subido (born February 17, 1997) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Davao Occidental Tigers of the Pilipinas Super League.
He was drafted 24th overall by the NorthPort during the 2019 PBA draft.
He played college basketball for the UST Growling Tigers of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).
Professional career.
Subido was drafted 24th overall pick by the NorthPort Batang Pier, in his rookie season he averaged 6.1 points, 1.1 rebounds, 2.2 assists and 0.3 steals per game and later he was named to the PBA All-Rookie Team.
He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1955 to 1969 for the Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Oakland Athletics and the Seattle Pilots.
Playing career.
Pagliaroni was born in Dearborn, Michigan, and grew up in Long Beach, California where, he was contracted by the Boston Red Sox as an amateur free agent out of Wilson High School in 1955.
He was only 17 years old when he made his debut with the Red Sox that same year.
Although he didn't get much opportunity to play during his first season, he received valuable instruction from former catcher, Mickey Owen.
Pagliaroni then joined the United States Army from 1956 to 1958, when he was discharged in time to report to spring training with the Red Sox.
Pagliaroni spent the next three seasons playing in the minor leagues before rejoining the Red Sox in August 1960.
He was standing in the on deck circle during a game at Fenway Park on September 28, 1960, when Ted Williams hit a home run in his final at bat in the major leagues.
In 1961, Pagliaroni appeared in 120 games, more than any other Red Sox catcher and posted a .242 batting average with 16 home runs and 58 runs batted in.
Pagliaroni was the hitting standout on June 18, 1961 when he hit a grand slam home run to tie the game as the Red Sox rallied from eight runs down with two outs in the ninth inning to defeat the Washington Senators.
Pagliaroni shared catching duties in 1962 with Russ Nixon and Bob Tillman.
He once again led the Red Sox catchers in games played with 90, and batted .258 with 11 home runs and 37 RBI.
He was the Red Sox catcher on August 1, 1962 when Bill Monbouquette threw a no-hitter against the Chicago White Sox.
On November 20, 1962, Pagliaroni was traded by the Red Sox along with Don Schwall to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Jack Lamabe and Dick Stuart.
When the Pirates' regular catcher, Smoky Burgess, was sidelined by an injury, Pagliaroni alternated with catcher Ron Brand to fulfill the catching duties.
Pagliaroni himself was injured in June when, a fractured ring finger on his right hand made him miss three weeks of the season.
He ended the 1963 season with a .230 batting average, 11 home runs and 26 RBI in 92 games.
In 1964, Pagliaroni would catch the majority of the Pirates' games, as the 36-year-old Burgess was used mostly as a pinch hitter.
He produced a .295 batting average along with 10 home runs and 36 RBI in 97 games.
Defensively, he ranked third among National League catchers in fielding percentage.
Pagliaroni set a Pirates team record for catchers when he hit a career-high 17 home runs in 1965 while playing his home games at the cavernous Forbes Field.
He also produced a career-high 65 RBI and finished second among the league's catchers in fielding percentage, helping the Pirates to a third-place finish in the National League.
The Pirates team which included future Baseball Hall of Fame members Roberto Clemente, Bill Mazeroski and Willie Stargell, as well as the National League batting champion Matty Alou, fought the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants in a tight pennant race in 1966, holding first place on September 10, before faltering to finish the season in third place for a second consecutive year.
Pagliaroni faded towards the end of the season as his batting average dipped to .235, and Jesse Gonder became the primary catcher.
Pagliaroni finished the 1966 season leading National League catchers with a .997 fielding percentage, committing only two errors in 118 games.
In May 1967, reports surfaced that Pagliaroni was asking to be traded, citing criticism his catching abilities had received from unnamed sources.
He appeared in only 38 games with a .200 batting average for the Pirates in 1967, while Jerry May took over as the regular catcher.
On December 3, 1967, Pagliaroni's contract was purchased by the Oakland Athletics from the Pirates.
The Pirates stated that Pagliaroni was sold due to his physical condition, having undergone an operation to remove a disc from his spine.
Pagliaroni won the Athletics' starting catchers job at the beginning of the 1968 season and caught Catfish Hunter's perfect game on May 8 of that year, the first perfect game in the American League since .
Hunter only disagreed with Pagliaroni's pitch-calling decisions twice during the game.
As a measure of his appreciation for his catcher's contribution to the perfect game, Hunter rewarded Pagliaroni with a gold watch that he had inscribed on back.
He suffered a fractured wrist in June causing him to miss seven weeks of the season.
Pagliaroni began the 1969 season hitting for just a .148 batting average and on May 27, 1969, his contract was sold to the Seattle Pilots during their inaugural season as a major league team.
He shared catching duties with Jerry McNertney in the season immortalized by the book "Ball Four", written by his Seattle teammate, Jim Bouton.
Pagliaroni played in his final major league game on September 30, 1969 at the age of 31.
Career statistics.
In an eleven-year major league career, Pagliaroni played in 849 games, accumulating 622 hits in 2,465 at bats for a .252 career batting average, along with 90 home runs, 326 runs batted in and an on-base percentage of .344.
He had a career fielding percentage of .991 which was 3 points above the average during his playing career.
His teammates elected him to be the Players' Representative to the Players Union for both the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Oakland Athletics.
Later life.
Pagliaroni later became an executive with a food distribution company.
He also helped raise funds for the Jim "Catfish" Hunter ALS Foundation to help honor Hunter, who died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's disease, in .
Held in tandem with the women's tournament, the two events comprised the beach soccer competition at this year's Games.
The tournament was a multi-stage competition, consisting of a round-robin group stage and followed by a single elimination knockout round, starting with the semi-finals and ending with the gold medal match, with all matches hosted on the Katara Beach.
Meanwhile, Iran defeated Italy in the bronze medal match to claim the remaining place on the podium.
Competition schedule.
The tournament began on 11 October, one day before the opening ceremony, and ended on the final day of the Games, 16 October.
Matches deciding medal winners took place exclusively on 16 October.
Qualified teams.
The six continental zones of FIFA were each allocated a share of 16 berths at the Games, ensuring all continents would be represented at the event.
Squads.
Each team could enter a squad consisting of up to 12 players.
A total of up to 192 athletes were expected to compete.
Draw.
Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW) vice-president Joan Cusco oversaw the draw.
For the purpose of the draw, the 16 teams were split into four pots of four according to their world ranking with the highest ranked teams placed in Pot 1, down to the lowest ranked teams placed in Pot 4.
One team from each pot was placed into each of the four groups.
Teams from the same confederation could not be drawn into the same group, except for UEFA nations for which one group was permitted to contain two.
Four of the 16 nations, the winners of each group, advance to the knockout stage.
Knockout stage.
The winners of Groups C and D contest are drawn to contest semi-final 1 and the winners of Groups A and B contest semi-final 2.
Top goalscorers.
Sorung is an extinct language of the island Erromango in Vanuatu.
Hanna Alma Beata Ferm (born 23 October 2000) is a Swedish singer.
She competed in "Idol 2017", where she placed second.
Career.
Ferm participated in the TV4 talent show "Talang Sverige 2014", which was broadcast on TV3.
She made it to the second semifinal of the competition.
Three years later, she participated in "Idol 2017" where she made it to the final held at Globen Arena.
On 2 February 2018, Ferm released her first single called "Never Mine" after signing a record deal with Universal Music.
It was written and produced by Jimmy Jansson, Isak Alveus Bornebusch, and ISELIN.
In July, she released her second single called "Bad Habit", which was written and produced by Herman Gardarfve, Patrik Jean, Melanie Wehbe, and Hanna herself.
On 16 November 2018, Ferm returned as a guest performer to Idol 2018 on TV4 to duet with contestant Bragi Bergsson.
Ferm participated in "Melodifestivalen 2019" in a duet with LIAMOO with the song "Hold You".
They had sung together while Hanna was in Idol 2017.
LIAMOO had won the competition the year before.
On 9 February 2019, in semi-final 2 of the competition, they qualified for the final, where they finished in 3rd place.
Outta Breath, which was released as a single in October 2019, was written and produced by Jakob Redtzer, Sorana, William Jerner, and Hanna.
Hanna Ferm competed as a solo singer in "Melodifestivalen 2020" with the song "Brave".
She ended up in fourth place (out of 12 finalists in total), scoring a total of 94 points.
She received a higher score by the television votes (third-most votes) than by the international jury (ninth-most points).
The single Sweet Temptation was released on 12 June 2020.
It was written and produced by Dotter, Dino Medanhodzic, and Hanna.
INHS Sanjivani is a multi-speciality hospital of the Indian Navy at Kochi, Kerala under the Southern Naval Command.
It is the largest military hospital in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
It is the nodal hospital for ships and other naval units at Kochi.
The hospital also provides medical cover and aid to civil authorities as required, including disaster relief operations.
In 2019, INHS Sanjivani was adjudged the best Naval Hospital in India.
History.
INHS Sanjivani was commissioned as a 75-bed facility on 8 March 1958.
The bed strength has increased since the inception of the hospital and now stands at 333.
The knockout stage of the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup started on July 20 and ended with the final on July 28, 2013.
Qualified teams.
The group winners and runners-up and the two best third-placed teams from the group stage advanced to the knockout stage.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
The agency focuses on minimizing human health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances.
Its mission is to "Serve the public through responsive public health actions to promote healthy and safe environments and prevent harmful exposures."
ATSDR was created as an advisory, nonregulatory agency by the Superfund legislation and was formally organized in 1985.
Although ATSDR is an independent operating agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) performs many of its administrative functions.
The CDC director also serves as the ATSDR administrator, and ATSDR has a joint Office of the Director with the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH).
The ATSDR headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, at the CDC Chamblee campus.
The ATSDR is formally and administratively overseen by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), currently Dr. Mandy Cohen since July 10, 2023 Direction is provided by ATSDR's Director, currently Dr. Patrick N. Breysse, who ranks below the Administrator, and ATSDR's Associate Director, currently Dr. Christopher M. Reh.
Overview.
ATSDR is an agency within the US Department of Health and Human Services concerned with the effects of hazardous substances on human health.
ATSDR is charged with assessing the presence and nature of health hazards at specific Superfund sites, as well as helping prevent or reduce further exposure and the illnesses that can result from such exposures.
ATSDR is an oversight agency created to ensure that public health protection and environmental regulation work hand in hand.
ATSDR also prepares toxicological profiles for hazardous substances found at National Priorities List sites, as well as at federal sites administered by the Department of Defense and Department of Energy.
Goals.
Unlike the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ATSDR is an advisory, nonregulatory agency.
ATSDR conducts research on the health impacts of hazardous waste sites and provides information and recommendations to federal and state agencies, community members, and other interested parties.
However, ATSDR is not involved in cleanup of those sites, nor can ATSDR provide or fund medical treatment for people who have been exposed to hazardous substances.
History.
In response to the environmental disasters at Love Canal and Times Beach, Missouri, Congress passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly known as the Superfund legislation.
CERCLA gave EPA primary responsibility for identifying, investigating, and cleaning up hazardous waste sites.
CERCLA also authorized the establishment of ATSDR to assess the presence and nature of health hazards to communities living near Superfund sites, to help prevent or reduce harmful exposures, and to expand the knowledge base about the health effects that result from exposure to hazardous substances.
ATSDR was created as an agency under the Department of Health and Human Services on April 19, 1983, and James O. Mason served as the agency's first administrator.
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) gave ATSDR additional authority related to hazardous waste storage facilities.
ATSDR was charged with conducting public health assessments at these sites when requested by EPA, states, or individuals, as well as assisting EPA to determine which substances should be regulated and the levels at which chemicals may pose a threat to human health.
ATSDR was formally organized as an agency on June 11, 1985.
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) broadened ATSDR's responsibilities in the areas of public health assessments, establishment and maintenance of toxicological databases, information dissemination, and medical education.
In 2003, the position of assistant administrator was replaced with a director who is shared with NCEH.
Organization.
Administration.
Patrick N. Breysse, PhD.
Organizational structure.
Programs.
Public health assessments and health consultations.
The agency conducts public health assessments for all current or proposed sites on the National Priorities List (commonly known as Superfund sites).
The purpose of public health assessments is to examine whether hazardous substances at a site pose a human health hazard and to issue recommendations about limiting or stopping exposure to those substances.
ATSDR also conducts health consultations, often in response to requests from EPA and state and local agencies.
Health consultations examine specific health questions, such as the health effects of exposure to a specific chemical at a site.
Health consultations are more limited in scope than public health assessments.
ATSDR also conducts public health assessments and health consultations in response to petitions from members of the public.
To conduct public health assessments and health consultations, ATSDR relies on its own scientists or establishes cooperative agreements with states, providing technical assistance to state health departments.
ATSDR issued more than 200 public health assessments in 2009 and provides about 1,000 health consultations each year.
When investigating sites, ATSDR examines environmental data, health data, and information from community members about how the site affects their quality of life.
This environmental data provides information on the amount of contamination and possible ways humans could be exposed to the hazardous substances at the site.
The health data provides information on rates of illness, disease, and death in the local community.
Since ATSDR is an advisory agency, the conclusions in its public health assessments and health consultations are often in the form of recommendations to state and national environmental and health agencies, such as EPA, that have regulatory authority.
Other agencies and the general public rely on ATSDR to provide trusted information on the health effects of hazardous substances at contaminated sites.
Toxicology research.
Another major responsibility of ATSDR is producing toxicological profiles for the most common substances that are found at Superfund sites.
ATSDR also publishes ToxFAQs, ToxGuides, and public health statements, which summarize the health information in toxicological profiles for use by the general public and health professionals.
ATSDR has published toxicological profiles for more than 250 hazardous substances.
ATSDR has a computational toxicology laboratory that conducts research and modeling on the effects of toxic substances on human health.
One model developed by the toxicology laboratory showed that children were much more susceptible than adults to chemical exposure from inhalation and oral exposure.
In the aftermath of chemical spills and emergencies, the laboratory also conducts research for state and local health departments on the health effects of the chemicals involved.
Health registries.
ATSDR maintains registries of people who were exposed to certain toxic substances or have certain diseases.
Participation in these registries is voluntary, and individual data and personal information is kept private.
The information collected is used by epidemiologists and other researchers to examine long-term health outcomes or risk factors for illness.
It can also help doctors diagnose those health conditions in other individuals and treat them earlier.
The agency also uses registries to contact registered individuals with important health information.
Tremolite Asbestos Registry.
ATSDR began addressing public health concerns in Libby in 1999 and created the registry in 2004.
The purpose of the registry was to monitor the long-term health effects of people in Libby exposed to tremolite asbestos and to assist with communicating important health information to registrants.
Researchers have used the registry to study how asbestos exposure affects human health.
This research has yielded several important findings.
Registry data was used to conduct the first study of the relationship between asbestos exposure and respiratory problems in children.
Another study using registry data found a significant relationship between asbestos exposure and death from cardiovascular disease.
World Trade Center Health Registry.
The World Trade Center Health Registry was established in 2002 by ATSDR and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to track the long-term physical and mental health effects of the September 11 attacks.
The registry contains more than 71,000 people who lived, worked, or went to school near the World Trade Center site, as well as emergency response personnel who were involved in rescue and recovery efforts.
It is the largest post-disaster health registry in the United States.
Researchers use the registry to study the health effects of the disaster and to develop public health recommendations for future disasters.
A 2009 study based on registry data found that posttraumatic stress disorder and asthma were the two most commonly reported conditions among registry participants 5 to 6 years after the disaster.
ALS Registry.
ATSDR is starting a new registry for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's Disease).
President George W. Bush signed the ALS Registry Act, which provided for establishment of the registry, on October 8, 2008.
It is hoped that the registry will provide information on the prevalence of ALS and lead to a better understanding of factors that may be associated with the disease.
The agency began registering people for the registry on October 20, 2010.
Surveillance.
ATSDR conducts surveillance by maintaining projects to collect and analyze information on diseases and chemical exposures.
Research using that information and data can then be used to prevent future and control injury, disease, and death.
Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance Program.
One of the most notable surveillance projects was the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) program, which lasted from 1990 to 2009.
ATSDR partnered with 15 states to collect information for HSEES in order to track, report, and study chemical spills.
The information in the HSEES system was used to plan for emergency events involving hazardous substances (including terrorist attacks).
States also used the information to develop policies and programs to strengthen public health and reduce illnesses and deaths that can result from exposure to hazardous substances.
For example, states used HSEES data to support legislation addressing the problem of hazardous chemicals at illegal methamphetamine labs.
Other states used HSEES data to implement programs designed to minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals and mercury at schools.
More than 50 published studies were conducted using HSEES data.
National Toxic Substance Incidents Program.
As a successor to the HSEES program, ATSDR launched the National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP) in 2009.
One aspect of NTSIP is a national database of information related to chemical spills.
NTSIP also has Assessment of Chemical Exposure teams to assist state and local health departments in the aftermath of toxic spills.
These teams interview people who were exposed to the hazardous substances and collect samples to test the level of contamination in the environment and in people.
Emergency response.
ATSDR represents the Department of Health and Human Services on the National Response Team and works with other agencies to provide technical assistance during emergencies involving hazardous substances, such as chemical spills.
In July 2007, for example, ATSDR responded to the Verdigris River flood in Coffeyville, Kansas, after an oil refinery spilled crude oil into the floodwaters, contaminating many homes in the city.
ATSDR worked with EPA and state and local authorities to provide health information to local residents and advised those agencies during the clean-up process.
ATSDR also assists with responding to terrorism incidents, which have included the September 11 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks.
ATSDR responded to 132 chemical emergency events in 2008.
In addition to working with communities and other agencies in the aftermath of chemical emergencies, ATSDR has developed the Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents series, which includes several tools to assist emergency medical services personnel and hospital emergency departments during chemical emergencies.
This includes important information on emergency planning, emergency response, and rescuer protection.
Another tool is the Medical Management Guidelines, which summarize important information on exposure to common chemicals and provide suggestions for safely treating and decontaminating patients.
ATSDR works closely with communities to evaluate the public health effects related to redevelopment of brownfields properties.
These are sites that were formerly used for industrial purposes and may still be contaminated with hazardous substances.
ATSDR has worked at more than 400 brownfield or land reuse sites to assess health effects of potential exposure to hazardous substances.
The agency has created resources to provide guidance to communities when planning redevelopment projects, including tools to evaluate the potential threat of chemicals at development sites.
In addition to evaluating the health effects of contamination at specific brownfield sites, ATSDR encourages communities to monitor community health.
One of the agency's brownfields projects was the Menomonee Valley in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where the agency evaluated potential health effects of contamination at the site and worked closely with developers and the city.
Community partnerships.
A major focus of the work ATSDR does involves interacting with communities.
ATSDR often establishes partnerships with state and local health departments to assist them with their public health duties.
In 2008, ATSDR had cooperative agreements with 29 states and one tribal government, providing technical assistance to help those partners address local environmental health concerns.
ATSDR also creates community assistance panels to solicit feedback and community health concerns from local residents when the agency works at sites to evaluate health effects resulting from exposure to toxic substances.
National Conversation on Public Health and Chemical Exposures.
In June 2009, ATSDR and NCEH launched a joint project, the National Conversation on Public Health and Chemical Exposures.
The goal of the National Conversation is to develop recommendations for ways ATSDR and other government agencies can improve their efforts to protect the public from harmful chemical exposures.
To foster a productive dialogue, ATSDR encouraged broad public participation in the National Conversation and welcomed involvement from all interested stakeholders, including government agencies, public health professionals, environmental organizations, community leaders, business and industry representatives, tribal groups, and other interested citizens.
The National Conversation is led by a 40-person Leadership Council that includes experts in various areas related to environmental public health.
In addition, there are six work groups, which also have a diverse membership, to research and propose recommendations on certain key areas.
To encourage involvement from community groups, interested citizens, and the general public, ATSDR developed a community toolkit to assist community leaders in holding discussions to solicit feedback and ideas for the National Conversation.
ATSDR plans to release its final action agenda in early 2011.
Quality of work.
ATSDR prides itself on using "the best science."
And in 2003, BBC News described ATSDR as "widely regarded as the world's leading agency on public health and the environment."
However, ATSDR has also been the focus of scrutiny from Congress and other groups.
Much of the criticism is due to the fact that the agency has been overtasked yet understaffed and underfunded for much of its history.
In the March 12, 2009, congressional hearing, the subcommittee chairman, Congressman Brad Miller, characterized ATSDR as keen to "please industries and government agencies" and referred to ATSDR's reports as "jackleg assessments saying 'not to worry.'"
In defense of ATSDR's work, director Howard Frumkin noted that ATSDR's staff has declined from 500 to about 300, and that often communities expect "definitive answers about the links between exposures and illnesses," but expectations can be unmet due to scientific uncertainty.
However, Dr. Frumkin also acknowledged the possibility that some assessments did not use the best data or monitoring techniques.
Vieques, Puerto Rico.
In 2003, ATSDR released public health assessments that evaluated the potential health effects of pollution left behind by the United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico.
The public health assessments noted that residents of the island were exposed to environmental contamination at such low levels that no harmful health effects were expected, and the agency concluded that there was "no apparent public health hazard."
English Made Simple is a 1994 short play by David Ives.
Plot.
"English Made Simple" is the story of a couple named Jack and Jill who meet at a party.
As the night progresses, it becomes apparent that the two knew each other, and were even involved romantically, before this night at the party.
Meanwhile, a college English professor, whose name is never announced but written as the "Loudspeaker Voice" in the script, explains what the couple is "really" thinking as they talk to each other.
It is an extremely wordy romantic comedy full of twists and turns.
It is one of David Ives's better known plays.
Productions.
"English Made Simple" premiered at the Seattle Repertory Theatre in April 1994, directed by Bill Irwin with Liz McCarthy as Jill and R. Hamilton Wright as Jack, and John Aylward as the Loudspeaker Voice.
The play was produced by Primary Stages in May 1996, as part of a double bill with Ives' play "Ancient History", directed by John Rando.
Entha Manchivaadavuraa () is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by Satish Vegesna.
It is an official remake of Gujarati film "Oxygen" (2018 film).
The film stars Kalyan Ram and Mehreen Pirzada, with the music composed by Gopi Sundar.
The film draws its title from an eponymous song of the film "Nammina Bantu".
The film follows Balu, a short film actor who assumes multiple identities to bond with unrelated people and gives them hope in their most desperate times.
It is then that he encounters violence and hatred from some greedy men.
Plot.
When her train halts at Yelamanchili due to a blockage, Nandini tells a group of women about her lover Balu in a flashback.
As a young boy, the death of Balu's parents leaves him abandoned.
Nandini's father helps Balu by getting him into a boys hostel. 15 years later, Balu grows up to become a short film actor often referred to as "Hero" by Nandini, while the former refers her to as "Producer".
One day, she sees an army uniform in his bag and suspects him.
She sends two of her partners to spy on Balu, who discover he is Surya, an army officer with a brother.
Similarly, they find a photograph of Balu with an old couple performing Tulabhara as their grandson Shiva.
Balu then celebrates Raksha Bandhan with a woman as her brother Rishi.
Nandini and team meet Balu at a cafe and question him about his multiple identities.
It is then revealed he stopped the old couple, who were left abandoned by their grandson, from committing suicide and being a grandson to them.
He agreed to act as a deceased soldier and the brother of a mentally unstable man.
He also saved a woman from getting harassed by goons, beating them up and openly proclaiming himself as her brother.
Balu then decides to start an organization named as "All is well Emotion Suppliers" to help people by sending an actor as the relative they want.
One day, Balu and Nandini are approached by a woman who wants a son for the happiness of her husband Rama Sharma who is diagnosed with cancer and had lost their son years ago.
Balu assumes the identity of Acharya, their son, making Rama Sharma happy about his return.
However, an illegal land miner named Gangaraju tries to forcibly acquire signature on a document from Rama Sharma, resulting in two brawls and Gangaraju's arrest.
Balu and Nandini are happy to see their organization running successfully for 6 months.
However, the old couple's grandson arrives from America with goons and vandalizes the office.
Balu thrashes them, before the old couple arrive to stop him.
The old man reveals he transferred his property to Balu because of his love towards them as opposed to how their own grandson treated them.
Balu convinces them to not relate love and wealth, and slaps the grandson who was angry for the loss of property.
Later, Rama Sharma reveals he knows Balu is not his son, since a man showed him an ad of Balu and Nandini.
He slaps Balu and tells him to leave, but Nandini explains Balu's true love for him.
Realizing his fault, he re-accepts Balu but later succumbs to cancer.
Balu hands over flight tickets for Kashi to Acharya's mother and assures her she can later live with him.
Meeting his Telugu-speaking wife who misses her relatives, Balu reveals he is her nephew and Nandini tells her she is his wife.
The woman gifts the couple before they leave, and Balu reveals he lied to her but also explained his intentions to the old man who made him promise to continue the relation.
Seeing Nandini and Balu's love for each other, Kishore refuses to marry her.
Eventually, Nandini and Balu get married.
Back to present, Nandini reveals she is 3-months pregnant and leaves the train with her family after Balu tells her to meet him at a point.
A priest who claimed to predict Nandini's future runs to inform her about an upcoming obstacle.
However, he misses her and Nandini joins Balu and the whole family on a boat.
However, a recently released Gangaraju attacks the boat with his henchmen.
In the ensuing fight, Nandini is injured and thrown into water.
A dying Balu is admitted to a hospital where he convinces everyone to move on.
However, he survives and months later, his child is born.
He and Nandini then leave for a customer who wants a son and daughter-in-law.
Production.
Development.
The film commenced in 2019, in Rajahmundry and East Godavari district.
Most of the filming was done at locations in Purushottama Patnam, Pendyala, Kovvuru and Kotipalli.
Release.
The film was released theatrically on 15 January 2020, coinciding with Sankranthi.
It was made available for streaming via Hotstar on 16 February 2020 with English subtitles.
The film was also dubbed and released in Hindi as "Dumdaar Khiladi 2" in 2022.
Soundtrack.
"Half the World" is a song by American singer Belinda Carlisle, released in 1991 as the third single from her fourth studio album, "Live Your Life Be Free" (1991).
The song was written by Richard Feldman, Eric Pressly and Ellen Shipley, and produced by Feldman.
It features backing vocals from Sheryl Crow.
Music video.
A music video was produced to promote the single.
Critical reception.
David Quantick of "NME" criticized it as "gourmet toss ordinaire" and "a weedy 'Time After Time' clone ballad".
He was more favorable towards the version of "Live Your Life Be Free which appears as a B-side on the single, describing it as "a belting verse which suggests Carlisle could be the punk rock Suzi Quatro of the 21st century".
In a retrospective review of "Live Your Life Be Free", Justin Kantor of AllMusic noted the song's "elegant arrangement" and "timeless melody", the latter of which he considered "the kind that made earlier hits like "Heaven Is a Place on Earth" and "Circle in the Sand" mainstays on radio long after their chart runs."
Helfried Jurtschitsch (born 17 July 1971) is an Austrian rower.
Christopher Bolduc (born March 12, 1980) is an American operatic baritone.
Early life and education.
Bolduc was born in Albany, New York, and graduated from the State University of New York at Purchase with a Bachelor of Music and from the Indiana University School of Music with both a Master of Music and honorary Performer's Certificate.
He then attended the Academy of Vocal Arts in Philadelphia where he met his current voice teacher Bill Schuman.
He apprenticed first with Santa Fe Opera before making professional debuts at Central City Opera, Palm Beach Opera and Fort Worth Opera.
Directed by Duane Journey, it stars Michael Welch, Molly Quinn and Lara Flynn Boyle.
The film was released in theaters and on VOD on February 19, 2013.
Plot.
Gretel's boyfriend Ashton introduces her to a strain of marijuana called "Black Forest" which is produced by an old lady named Agnes in Pasadena.
After Gretel exhorts him to get more, Ashton visits Agnes where he is drugged and realizes Agnes is a witch.
She then proceeds to eat parts of Ashton's body and eventually sucks out his youth (which restores her youth in turn).
Gretel and her brother Hansel begin searching for Ashton, but they are ridiculed by the police and the trail ends with Agnes, who reveals nothing.
Meanwhile, local drug kingpin Carlos intimidates Agnes' dealer Manny into giving him the address of her house.
Manny finds Agnes first to warn her about Carlos but is killed by her.
When Carlos arrives, she easily dispatches Carlos and turns him into a zombie.
The next morning, Gretel and Manny's girlfriend Bianca decide to infiltrate Agnes' house.
Before they leave, Gretel emails Hansel that she is going to confront Agnes again.
While Bianca distracts Agnes through various means, Gretel sneaks into the basement where she finds the Black Forest crop, and the remains of the men Agnes has killed.
Gretel leaves a trail of Skittles to help her find her way through the Black Forest.
Eventually, Agnes sees through the ruse and the two girls are captured.
Hansel shows up and is confronted by Carlos.
Although Hansel defeats the zombified Carlos, he is knocked out by Agnes and placed in the oven room for cooking preparation.
Gretel and Bianca break out of their cage and stop Agnes right before she cooks Hansel, but Agnes manages to kill Bianca.
During the struggle, Gretel manages to push Agnes into the oven and lock her in.
The oven explodes, causing the marijuana crop and house to burn down.
Hansel and Gretel manage to escape.
As various first responders arrive at the scene, one of them picks up a cat strolling in the ashes into his van.
The responder then screams in agony as he is slaughtered in his van.
Agnes is now behind the wheel and drives away from the scene.
Producers.
The end credits list Boyle and Quinn as associate producers.
This article discusses crime in Suriname.
Crime by type.
Murder.
In 2012, Suriname had a murder rate of 6.1 per 100,000 population.
There were a total of 33 murders in Suriname in 2012.
Illegal drug trade.
Suriname is a transit zone for South American cocaine en route to Europe, Africa and to a lesser extent the U.S.
Inadequate resources, limited law enforcement training, the absence of a law enforcement presence in the interior, and lack of aircraft or sufficient numbers of patrol boats limit the capacity of the government to control its borders.
There have been sporadic instances of drug trade-related violence between individuals associated with competing drug trafficking organizations.
These have included assassinations, drive-by shootings, and hand grenades tossed over residential walls.
Robbery.
Robbery, including thefts of backpacks and purses, pickpocketing, theft of jewelry (especially necklaces), and cell phones are regular occurrences.
These incidents often occur in those areas frequented by foreigners.
Tourist areas are common targets for thieves and muggers who often rob victims of their possessions during the hours of darkness.
Residential burglaries are an issue.
There have been reports of tourists and foreigners being robbed while traveling in the countryside, and occasional reports of bandits on rural roads.
There have been reports of attacks against fishing boats in and around the waters of Suriname.
By location.
Paramaribo.
While some areas of Paramaribo are safer than others, there are no areas that can be considered completely safe.
Criminals move without restriction into and out of neighborhoods where expatriates live, often utilizing scooters or motorcycles to evade police.
The Paramaribo Central area and the Palmentuin (Palm Garden) area are known to be less than safe after dark.
Pick pocketing and robbery are increasingly common in the major business and shopping districts in Paramaribo.
There were a dozen murders of homeless men in Paramaribo between 2006 and 2014, with some of the killings appearing to be ritualistic.
Crime dynamics.
Criminals often carry firearms and other weapons and do not hesitate to use them, especially if victims resist.
Alba D'Urbano (born April 13, 1955) is a textile and video artist.
After an exhibition in 1999, critics stated she depicted nudity as fashionable, provoked voyeurism, and made skin (the external body) just another interface in a world.
In addition to her own work, D'Urbano has been a critic and an art philosopher.
Early life.
D'Urbano was born in Tivoli and studied philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome from 1974 to 1978.
Her work as an artist was influenced by her affiliation with the 'Distracted Avantgarde' (Klemens Gruber), which sought to bring about a paradigm shift in the relationship between art, politics and mass communication.
In 1979, she enrolled in a course of visual arts studies at the under , graduating in 1983.
Experimental works in collaboration with other artists date from that period.
One such fellow artist was composer Alessandro Cipriani with whom she created performances, Super-8 films, and artistic events in public spaces.
Alba D'Urbano moved to (West) Berlin in 1984 and began her studies in visual communication at the Berlin University of the Arts in 1985.
In 1990 she held a scholarship at the in Frankfurt am Main, headed by Peter Weibel.
It was during that time that she met her future husband, Nicolas Reichelt.
After a lectureship at the , she was appointed to teach at the Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig in 1995, where she has since held a professorship in computer graphics, and has taught the class for intermedia since 1998.
Since 2000, she has curated numerous exhibitions at the national and international level as part of her university duties, addressing political and social issues and incorporating both process-orientated and media-reflective methods.
Artistry.
In the 1980s, Alba D'Urbano's artistic interest focused on the drastic changes in the perception of reality brought about by the increasingly influential glut of virtual images, which are generated by the mass media and susceptible to manipulation.
At the core of her artistic exploration was the relationship between the written word and the new media.
In the 1990s, Alba D'Urbano turned to "interactive video and computer installations, to which her creative, complex, experimentally enhancing and problem-conscious approach gave significant impetus as a means of artistic impression".
In her projects, some of which featured a multiplicity of media (e.g.
In a bid to counter an overwhelming array of media images, she began to toy with the viewer's expectations.
She substituted images with illegible strings of characters and drew the viewer's attention towards the way in which media images are created and the processes they involve.
She gained international renown through her multi-part projects "Hautnah" and "Il Sarto Immortale", in which she digitally processed images of her own body and then had them printed onto fabric and transformed into items of clothing to be showcased by models on catwalks.
In the interplay between clothing and nakedness, she literally exposed the commercial exploitation of women's bodies in the mass media and the fashion industry.
For the two women artists, it is always about the process of allocating normative attitudes and behaviour patterns.
A new added element incorporated by Tina Bara is the subject of the German Democratic Republic's past.
Ng was a cofounder and head of Google Brain and was the former Chief Scientist at Baidu, building the company's Artificial Intelligence Group into a team of several thousand people.
Ng is an adjunct professor at Stanford University (formerly associate professor and Director of its Stanford AI Lab or SAIL).
Ng has also made substantial contributions to the field of online education as the cofounder of both Coursera and DeepLearning.AI.
He has spearheaded many efforts to "democratize deep learning" teaching over 2.5 million students through his online courses.
He is one of the world's most famous and influential computer scientists being named one of "Time" magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2012, and "Fast Company" Most Creative People in 2014.
He has founded Landing AI, which provides AI-powered SaaS products.
Biography.
Ng was born in the United Kingdom in 1976.
His parents Ronald P. Ng and Tisa Ho are both immigrants from Hong Kong.
He has at least one brother.
Growing up, he spent time in Hong Kong and Singapore.
In 1997, he earned his undergraduate degree with a triple major in computer science, statistics, and economics from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, graduating at the top of his class.
In 1998 Ng earned his master's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
At MIT he built the first publicly available, automatically indexed web-search engine for research papers on the web.
In 2002, he received his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) from the University of California, Berkeley, under the supervision of Michael I. Jordan.
His thesis is titled "Shaping and policy search in reinforcement learning" and is well-cited to this day.
He started working as an assistant professor at Stanford University in 2002 and as an associate professor in 2009.
He currently lives in Los Altos Hills, California.
In 2014, he married Carol E. Reiley.
The "MIT Technology Review" named Ng and Reiley an "AI power couple".
Career.
Academia and teaching.
Ng is a professor at Stanford University departments of Computer Science and electrical engineering.
He served as the director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL), where he taught students and undertook research related to data mining, big data, and machine learning.
His machine learning course CS229 at Stanford is the most popular course offered on campus with over 1,000 students enrolling some years.
In 2008 his group at Stanford was one of the first in the US to start advocating the use of GPUs in deep learning.
The rationale was that an efficient computation infrastructure could speed up statistical model training by orders of magnitude, ameliorating some of the scaling issues associated with big data.
At the time it was a controversial and risky decision, but since then and following Ng's lead, GPUs have become a cornerstone in the field.
Since 2017 Ng has been advocating the shift to high-performance computing (HPC) for scaling up deep learning and accelerating progress in the field.
In 2012, along with Stanford computer scientist Daphne Koller he cofounded and was CEO of Coursera, a website that offers free online courses to everyone.
It took off with over 100,000 students registered for Ng's popular CS229A course.
Today, several million people have enrolled in Coursera courses, making the site one of the leading massive open online course (MOOCs) in the world.
Industry.
From 2011 to 2012, he worked at Google, where he founded and directed the Google Brain Deep Learning Project with Jeff Dean, Greg Corrado, and Rajat Monga.
In 2014, he joined Baidu as chief scientist, and carried out research related to big data and AI.
There he set up several research teams for things like facial recognition and Melody, an AI chatbot for healthcare.
He also developed for the company the AI platform called DuerOS and other technologies that positioned Baidu ahead of Google in the discourse and development of AI.
In March 2017, he announced his resignation from Baidu.
He soon afterward launched Deeplearning.ai, an online series of deep learning courses.
Then Ng launched Landing AI, which provides AI-powered SaaS products.
Research.
He's frequently won best paper awards at academic conferences and has had a huge impact on the field of AI, computer vision, and robotics.
During graduate school, together with David M. Blei and Michael I. Jordan, Ng coauthored the influential paper that introduced latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) for his thesis on reinforcement learning for drones.
His early work includes the Stanford Autonomous Helicopter project, which developed one of the most capable autonomous helicopters in the world.
He was the leading scientist and principal investigator on the STAIR (STanford Artificial Intelligence Robot) project, which resulted in Robot Operating System (ROS), a widely used open source software robotics platform.
His vision to build an AI robot and put a robot in every home inspired Scott Hassan to back him and create Willow Garage.
He is also one of the founding team members for the Stanford WordNet project, which uses machine learning to expand the Princeton WordNet database created by Christiane Fellbaum.
In 2011, Ng founded the Google Brain project at Google, which developed large-scale artificial neural networks using Google's distributed computing infrastructure.
Among its notable results was a neural network trained using deep learning algorithms on 16,000 CPU cores, which learned to recognize cats after watching only YouTube videos, and without ever having been told what a "cat" is.
The project's technology is also currently used in the Android operating system's speech recognition system.
In 2011, Stanford launched a total of three massive open online course (MOOCs) on machine learning (CS229a), databases, and AI, taught by Ng, Peter Norvig, Sebastian Thrun, and Jennifer Widom.
This has led to the modern MOOC movement.
Ng taught machine learning and Widom taught databases.
The course on AI taught by Thrun led to the genesis of Udacity.
Coursera was the 6th online education website that Ng built and arguably the most successful to date.
The seeds of massive open online courses (MOOCs) go back a few years before the founding of Coursera in 2012.
Two themes emphasized in the founding of modern MOOCs were "scale" and "availability".
Founding of Coursera.
Ng started the Stanford Engineering Everywhere (SEE) program, which in 2008 published a number of Stanford courses online for free.
Ng taught one of these courses, "Machine Learning", which includes his video lectures, along with the student materials used in the Stanford CS229 class.
It offered a similar experience to MIT OpenCourseWare, except it aimed at providing a more "complete course" experience, equipped with lectures, course materials, problems and solutions, etc.
The SEE videos were viewed by the millions and inspired Ng to develop and iterate new versions of online tech.
Within Stanford, they include Daphne Koller with her "blended learning experiences" and codesigning a peer-grading system, John Mitchell (Courseware, a Learning Management System), Dan Boneh (using machine learning to sync videos, later teaching cryptography on Coursera), Bernd Girod (ClassX), and others.
Outside Stanford, Ng and Thrun credit Sal Khan of Khan Academy as a huge source of inspiration.
Ng was also inspired by lynda.com and the design of the forums of Stack Overflow.
Widom, Ng, and others were ardent advocates of Khan-styled tablet recordings, and between 2009 and 2011, several hundred hours of lecture videos recorded by Stanford instructors were recorded and uploaded.
Ng tested some of the original designs with a local high school to figure the best practices for recording lessons.
In October 2011, the "applied" version of the Stanford class (CS229a) was hosted on ml-class.org and launched, with over 100,000 students registered for its first edition.
The course featured quizzes and graded programming assignments and became one of the first and most successful massive open online courses (MOOCs) created by a Stanford professor.
Two other courses on databases (db-class.org) and AI (ai-class.org) were launched.
The ml-class and db-class ran on a platform developed by students, including Frank Chen, Jiquan Ngiam, Chuan-Yu Foo, and Yifan Mai.
Word spread through social media and popular press.
The three courses were 10 weeks long, and over 40,000 "Statements of Accomplishment" were awarded.
Post-Coursera work.
In 2019, Ng launched a new course "AI for Everyone".
This is a non-technical course designed to help people understand AI's impact on society and its benefits and costs for companies, as well as how they can navigate through this technological revolution.
Venture capital.
Ng is the chair of the board for Woebot Labs, a psychological clinic that uses data science to provide cognitive behavioral therapy.
It provides a therapy chatbot to help treat depression, among other things.
He is also a member of the board of directors for drive.ai, which uses AI for self-driving cars and was acquired by Apple in 2019.
Through Landing AI, he also focuses on democratizing AI technology and lowering the barrier for entrance to businesses and developers.
Publications and awards.
Ng is also the author or co-author of over 300 publications in robotics, and related fields.
His work in computer vision and deep learning has been featured often in press releases and reviews.
He has corefereed hundreds of AI publications in journals like NeurIPS.
He has also been the editor of the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), Associate Editor for the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Conference Editorial Board (ICRA), and much more.
He has given invited talks at NASA, Google, Microsoft, Lockheed Martin, the Max Planck Society, Stanford, Princeton, UPenn, Cornell, MIT, UC Berkeley, and dozens of other universities.
Outside of the US, he has lectured in Spain, Germany, Israel, China, Korea, and Canada.
He has also written for "Harvard Business Review", "HuffPost", "Slate", "Apple News", and Quora Sessions' Twitter.
He also writes a weekly digital newsletter called "The Batch".
Books.
He also wrote a book "Machine Learning Yearning", a practical guide for those interested in machine learning, which he distributed for free.
In December 2018, he wrote a sequel called "AI Transformation Playbook".
Views on AI.
Ng believes that AI technology will improve the lives of people, not that it is an anathema that will "enslave" the human race.
Ng believes the potential benefits of AI outweigh the threats, which he believes are exaggerated.
A particular goal of Ng's work is to "democratize" AI learning so that people can learn more about it and understand its benefits.
Ng's stance on AI is shared by Mark Zuckerberg, but opposed by Elon Musk.
In 2017, Ng said he supported basic income to allow the unemployed to study AI so that they can re-enter the workforce.
This is the list of cathedrals in Benin.
It is located in the steppe between the Inhulets and the Vysun rivers, mid-distance between Kherson and Kryvyi Rih.
Bila Krynytsia belongs to Velyka Oleksandrivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July, 2020, Bila Krynytsia belonged to Velyka Oleksandrivka Raion.
The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kherson Oblast to five.
The area of Velyka Oleksandrivka Raion was merged into Beryslav Raion.
Transportation.
Russian invasion in 2022.
At the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Bila Krynytsia was occupied by Russian troops in their initial advance into Ukraine.
The settlement was recaptured by Ukrainian forces sometime in early June, but became one of the new settlements on the frontline in doing so.
This situation made it vulnerable to bombardment by Russian tanks, mortars, and artillery, where it was often attacked throughout July, August, and September.
Bila Krynytsia and other nearby settlements were largely relieved of these attacks during Ukraine's southern counteroffensive on 3 October, which moved the frontline approximately 30km (20 miles) from where it previously was.
The tugboat is named for the people of the Puyallup tribe.
Construction.
The contract for "Puyallup" was awarded 8 October 2010.
She was laid down 1 March 2010 by J.M.
Martinac Shipbuilding Corp., Tacoma, Washington and launched 6 November 2010.
Operational history.
"Puyallup" was delivered to the Navy at Yokosuka and is assigned to Commander Fleet Activities Yokosuka.
She currently holds the title of "The Ready Tug" at Port Operations due to her reliability and sustained operational status.
Valley Lodge is the debut studio album by the American power pop band Valley Lodge, released in 2005.
The Germany national long track team is the national long track motorcycle racing team of Germany and is controlled by the Deutscher Motor Sport Bund.
Competition.
He was known by the name of "Movie Mughal".
Biography.
Khan was born on 21 April 1939 in Chouddagram of Comilla.
He completed matriculation from Dhaka Collegiate School.
Later, he completed higher secondary and post graduate studies from Jagannath College in 1960 and 1962 respectively.
Khan produced films under the banner of his own production company named Alamgir Pictures.
He produced films like "Noyonmoni", "Ki Je Kori", "Simana Periye", "Chandranath" and "Shuvoda".
"Noyonmoni" won National Film Awards in two categories, "Ki Je Kori" won National Film Awards in one category, "Simana Periye" won National Film Awards in four categories, "Chandranath" won National Film Awards in four categories and "Shuvoda" won National Film Awards in thirteen categories.
He was given the title "Movie Mughal" by Ahmed Zaman Chowdhury in 1978.
His last film "Rongin Noyonmoni" was released in 1998.
The men's 50 metre freestyle S3 event at the 2008 Paralympic Games took place on September 7, at the Beijing National Aquatics Center.
This Thai television soap opera is one of the most popular in Thailand at 2005 with many famous actors and actress as the beautiful couple for Thai lakorn boran's fan.
The plot is about a child of a king who can turn into 3 incarnations by changing season like turning to man for rainy season, turn to woman for cold season and turn to giant for dry season.
Summary.
Three angels avatared to be the children of a king who ruled a big empire.
The king has two queens but with the different personalities.
The evil queen is named Ta Sa-nee.
Manee-nate gave birth to a boy after having six years of pregnancy.
Unfortunately, the child was born with a large body as six-year-old kid and the most terrible is that he has two long fangs.
The king abandoned Manee-nate and Phra Rahoo in the forest.
Manee-nate and Phra Rahoo were parted for some times.
The mother and children were protected by two creatures, Monkey-faced human and a stone giant.
Despite their happiness, they still faced several dangerous creatures that all became their enemies.
Meanwhile, Manee-nate returned to the empire and explained everything about the children's power to the king.
The king banished Ta Sa-nee and her family from their kingdom after realizing that she had lied to him.
During the journey Ta Sa-nee met a magical buffalo-man, CoTun, that fell in love with her and dragged her home with him.
Years later, they have a son, Sum See, together.
Ta Sa-nee wanted Sum See to avenge her and make CoTun train him.
When she complained about their home in the cave, CoTun transformed their cave into a castle to please her and named her his queen.
He conjured them servants and soldiers.
He sent men out to search for her father and old servants and brought him to live with them.
Ta Sa-nee was embarrassed by her husband's true nature and told him to not reveal what he really was.
As the children grew up, they turns into the handsome and beautiful men and woman.
Feeling restless, Pirun leaves the kingdom to travel with his demon companion, Yunk.
They spend some nights in her tree home and he told her about his condition.
When Pirun transformed into Chinda Mekhala, due to the change in season, Latana begged her to stay with her so she could be with Pirun.
Chinda Mekhala explained to her that she couldn't because there are things that she must do.
Latana refuse to listen and used her magic to stop her from leaving, but nothing works as Chinda Mekhala was stronger than her.
Feeling sorry for the poor nymph, Chinda Mekhala explains to her once again that she must let them go and wait until its Pirun's season to come out.
In Chinda Mekhala's journey, she ran into two men, who are actually the king of gods and his subject posing as humans.
She saves them from bandits and they decide to travel with her for safety.
In another kingdom, two beautiful princesses, Umpon and Upsun, are ordered to choose a husband by their parents.
Men were called to the castle to let the princesses look at.
While Upsun is happy about the occasion, Umpon hated it.
Umpon refused to leave her room, but her mother forced her outside to the balcony to see the men.
Angry at her mother, Umpon decided to choose the most hideous man in the crowd.
Meanwhile, two ogres, father and son disguised themselves as human brothers, heard the news and decided to see how the princesses looked liked.
They fell in love with the sisters.
The father with Umpon.
The son with Upsun.
The son enchanted her to throw her flower garland to him.
He caught and was taken to the back to prepare for the wedding.
When the father attempted to enchant Umpon, she dropped her flower garland and the spell accident hit her aunt instead.
Seeing his mistake, the ogre back away into the crowd.
Her aunt, who was called an old spinster, came out to find herself a husband to stop people from laughing at her.
Hit by the spell, she threw her flower garland at the old ogre, and it landed on his head.
Reluctantly, he married her.
Chinda Mekhala having recently transformed into Rahoo a few days before, joined the crowd by accident.
Seeing his fangs and ogre nature, Umpon threw her flower garland to him.
He caught it without knowing what it meant.
Umpon's mother is angry at her for choosing an ogre and sent her to like in a small cabin in the woods.
Rahoo was madly in love with Umpon, but kept his distance as she's emotional about her parents abandoning her.
On Upsun's wedding night, her husband is unable to touch her body.
When the sisters were young their parents had prayed to the gods to protect their daughters.
From then on the girls have a magical protective spell on them that cause evil men to feel a sensation of burning when they touch the girls.
This did not happen to Rahoo because he was Umpon's soul mate and truly loves her.
During their marriage, Umpon disliked Rahoo and treated him poorly.
She revealed to her sister that she often felt angry when she saw his face.
But her anger slowly dissolves as she began to fall in love with him.
It is later revealed that Umpon and Rahoo were lovers in their previous life in heaven.
She was angry in at him for leaving her and joining his friends to reincarnate.
She reincarnated to be with him, but she still had her emotions of anger at his abandoning her.
During those big fighting between the god, giant, nymph, Evil birds and buffalo creature.
Phra Pirun lost tree-nymph wife.
She was killed by the Ogre in order to help him.
However, Chinda Makeala, Phra Rahoo, Phra Pirun still strong and destroy those evil creature with the help of the Supreme God of heaven and rescued their parent from the evil.
Since 1929, Annen has been a part of the City of Witten (since 1946 North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany).
As one of the eight boroughs of Witten, it is now called Witten-Annen.
Before the incorporation with Witten in 1929, Annen was part of the administrative district Landkreis Hoerde.
Today, Annen has about 19,000 inhabitants and is the biggest of all boroughs of Witten.
Witten-Annen has an institute for Waldorf pedagogics, as well as a Waldorf school.
This school annually hosts the international eurythmy festival, Forum Eurythmie.
It is served by Witten-Annen Nord station on Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S 5 and three bus lines (320, 373 and 375).
The Apple A14 Bionic is a 64-bit ARMv8.5-A system on a chip (SoC), designed by Apple Inc.
It appears in the fourth generation iPad Air and tenth generation iPad, as well as iPhone 12 Mini, iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Pro, and iPhone 12 Pro Max.
It also includes a 16-core neural engine and new machine learning matrix accelerators that perform twice and ten times as fast, respectively.
Design.
The Apple A14 Bionic features an Apple-designed 64-bit, six-core CPU, implementing ARMv8 with two high-performance cores called Firestorm and four energy-efficient cores called Icestorm.
The A14 includes dedicated neural network hardware that Apple calls a new 16-core Neural Engine.
The Neural Engine can perform 11 trillion operations per second.
In addition to the separate Neural Engine, the A14 CPU includes second-generation machine learning matrix scalar multiplication accelerators (which Apple calls AMX blocks).
The A14 also includes a new image processor with improved computational photography capabilities.
A14 is manufactured by TSMC on their first-generation 5 nm fabrication process, N5.
This makes the A14 the first commercially available product to be manufactured on a 5 nm process node.
According to Semianalysis, the die size of A14 processor is 88 mm2, with a transistor density of 134 million transistors per mm2.
It is manufactured in a package on package (PoP) together with 4 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone 12 and 6 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone 12 Pro.
The A14 has video codec encoding support for HEVC and H.264.
The A14 would be later used as the basis for the M1 series of chips, used in various Macintosh and iPad models.
Variants.
Stewart developed a unique system of materialistic pantheism.
Travels.
Known as 'Walking' Stewart to his contemporaries for having travelled on foot from Madras, India (where he had worked as a clerk for the East India Company) back to Europe between 1765 and the mid-1790s, Stewart is thought to have walked alone across Persia, Abyssinia, Arabia, and Africa before wandering into every European country as far east as Russia.
Over the next three decades Stewart wrote prolifically, publishing nearly thirty philosophical works, including "The Opus Maximum" (London, 1803) and the long verse-poem "The Revelation of Nature" (New York, 1795).
In 1796, George Washington's portrait-painter, James Sharples, executed a pastel likeness of Stewart for a series of portraits which included such sitters as William Godwin, Joseph Priestley, and Humphry Davy, suggesting the intellectual esteem in which Stewart was once held.
After his travels in East India, Stewart became a vegetarian.
He was also a teetotaler.
Materialistic pantheism.
During his journeys, he developed a unique system of materialist philosophy which combines elements of Spinozistic pantheism with yogic notions of a single indissoluble consciousness.
Stewart began to promote his ideas publicly in 1790 with the publication in two volumes of his works "Travels over the most interesting parts of the Globe" and "The Apocalypse of Nature" (London, 1790).
Historian David Fairer has written that "Stewart expounds what might be described as a panbiomorphic universe (it deserves an entirely new term just for itself), in which human identity is no different in category from a wave, flame, or wind, having an entirely modal existence."
Retirement.
He was often seen in public wearing a threadbare Armenian military uniform.
John Timbs described Stewart as one of London's famous eccentrics.
Death.
On 20 February 1822, the morning after his seventy-fifth birthday, 'Walking' Stewart's body was found in a rented room in Northumberland Place, near present-day Trafalgar Square, London.
An empty bottle of laudanum lay beside him.
Literary influence.
After Walking Stewart's travels came to an end around the turn of the nineteenth century, he became close friends with the English essayist and fellow-Londoner Thomas De Quincey, with the radical pamphleteer Thomas Paine, and with the Platonist Thomas Taylor (1758-1835).
In 1792, while residing in Paris in the weeks following the September Massacres, he made the acquaintance of the young Romantic poet William Wordsworth, who later concurred with De Quincey in describing Stewart as the most eloquent man on the subject of Nature that either had ever met.
Principally, it established that the Monarch could make laws only through Parliament.
Tudor monarchs believed that they had the power to regulate, through the issue of royal proclamations, without the consent of Parliament.
However, the monarch's absolute power to "make" the law was beginning to be challenged by the English judiciary and was raising concern in Parliament itself.
The issue of the King's power to make law came before the judges in 1610 when James I and Parliament were struggling over the issue of impositions.
Parliament was opposing the King's power to impose further duties on imports over and above what had already been sanctioned by Parliament.
James however hoped to use proclamations to raise further money outside of Parliament.
On 20 September 1610, Sir Edward Coke, then Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, was called before the Privy Council of England alongside Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench Thomas Fleming, Lord Chief Baron Lawrence Tanfield, and Baron James Altham and asked to give a legal opinion as to whether the King, by proclamation, might prohibit new buildings in London, or the making of wheat starch, these having been referred to the King by the House of Commons as grievances and against law.
Coke asked for time to consider with other judges, since the questions were "of great importance, and they concerned the answer of the king to the Commons".
Judgment.
Significance.
James I did not concede that he could not rule by prerogative and attempted to place all of his proclamations on a constitutional footing, having them published in a book as if they were statutes.
He went to argue that proclamations were necessary to "apply speedy, proper, and convenient remedies ... in matters so variable and irregular in their nature, as are not provided for by Law, nor can fitly fall under the certain rule of a law". 17th century.
In future English history, the issue of proclamations would form part of the many grievances and issues in dispute between both James I and Charles I and their Parliaments before the English Civil War.
MPs would go on to cite Coke's judgment in the "Case of Impositions" to support their arguments against the arbitrary use of royal power in the years up to 1641.
Whilst disputed, the case is seen by some historians and jurists as influential in the development of the concept of judicial review in English common law.
However, the issue about the extent of the royal prerogative was not properly resolved until the Bill of Rights 1689 "established that the powers of the Crown were subject to law, and there were no powers of the Crown which could not be taken away or controlled by statute".
Exiting the European Union.
Over 400 years on, the Case of Proclamations continues to affect the constitutional law of the UK.
It was cited in 2017 by a Divisional Court of the High Court in its landmark judicial review decision, "R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union", concerning whether the UK government had the power, under the Crown's foreign affairs prerogative, to serve a notice triggering Brexit following the "leave" vote in the 2016 EU Referendum.
The court concluded that the government did not have the right to rely on royal prerogative to serve a notice pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, triggering the formal process for the UK to leave the EU.
The court added that, because Brexit would directly affect substantive legal rights under UK domestic law, only Parliament could decide whether to serve such a notice.
Prorogation of Parliament.
This is a list of notable Taiwanese Americans, including both original immigrants who obtained American citizenship and their American descendants.
Nawab Haji Syed Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur (died 1786 AD) was the first Nawab of Doolighat.
He chose "Qayamat" as his pen name and wrote more than 1290 ghazals in Persian.
He is remembered for the establishment of Azadari in Azimabad with the foundation of Imambaras at Doolighat and Sangidalan in 1722 AD.
Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan also established Madarsa-i-Deenia (a college at Doolighat) where he continued to teach until his death.
He left behind a valuable "Diwan" in Persian, named Haidernameh.
Rune is a role-playing game published by Atlas Games in 2001.
Description.
Atlas Games contracted Robin Laws to write the "Rune" role-playing game, based on the computer game "Rune".
And when you're not the GM, it's not boring because the GM can win!"
Publication history.
 is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a defender for J3 League club, Kataller Toyama.
Nicki Whitehouse is a British archaeologist and Environmental Archaeologist.
She is a Professor in Archaeological Science at the University of Glasgow.
Education and career.
Her research is focused on human-environment relationships and the interface between the physical sciences and humanities.
She was Professor of human-environment systems in the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Plymouth before taking up her current role at the University of Glasgow.
Research.
Whitehouse specialises in the analysis of sub-fossil insects and the integration of this data with other environmental proxies.
Her research has been funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council, the Heritage Lottery Fund and INSTAR (Irish National Strategic Archaeological Research).
She is global co-lead of the LandCover6K project with Prof Kathy Morrisson and Prof Marco Madella.
She has collaborated with Meriel McClatchie, Phil Barratt, Rick Schulting, Rowan McLaughlin and Amy Bogaard.
Biography.
He was ordained to the priesthood on June 24, 1855, and then taught at the Minor Seminary of Dijon until 1858.
On the 10 June 1886, he was appointed Bishop of Dijon by Pope Leo XIII.
He was later transferred to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux on 26 June 1890.
Pope Leo XIII created him Cardinal Priest of the Basilica of Santa Pudenziana in the consistory of 12 June 1893.
He participated in the Papal Conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X.
Early life and education.
Born in Pugwash, Province of Nova Scotia, Canada, his parents were Cyrus B. and Margaret S. (Whidden) Eaton.
He was of New England ancestry.
Eaton immigrated to the United States with his parents who settled in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1878, and in Denver, Colorado, in 1881.
He attended public and private schools.
Career and law school.
Beginning at the age of 12, he was employed as a bank clerk from 1889 to 1901.
He engaged as a jobber and wholesaler and in the warehouse business 1901 to 1909.
He served in Troop B, First Squadron Cavalry, National Guard of Colorado from 1898 to 1904.
He was graduated from the law department of the University of Denver in 1909.
He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Denver, Colorado.
He served as deputy district attorney of the second judicial district 1909 to 1913.
He served as member of the State senate 1915 to 1918 and 1923 to 1926.
He was a sponsor of the Colorado State Workmen's Compensation Law in 1915.
He specialized in oil and shale land property rights, insurance, mining, and corporate law.
He served on the Public Lands Committee.
He was interested in the establishment of military installations and the expansion of the Fitzsimons General Hospital near Denver.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932 to the 73rd Congress and for election in 1934 to the 74th Congress.
His loss in 1932 is attributed to his position that the prohibition should not have been repealed.
He resumed the practice of law in Denver, Colorado.
He was a member of the Masonic Temple, the city, state, national and international bar associations, the National Association for Constitutional Government.
He was also a member of the Sons and Daughters of the Pilgrims and the Colorado State Historical Society.
Personal life.
On September 16, 1909, he married Liela Carter.
She was president of the board of the State Industrial School for Girls at Mt.
Morrison.
Her residence was the Colburn Hotel in Denver.
The Estonian Land Forces (), unofficially referred to as the Estonian Army, is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defense Forces where it has an offensive military formation role.
It is currently the largest Estonian military branch with the average size during peacetime of approximately 6,000 soldiers, conscripts, and officers.
Deployable infantry battalion tactical group and some deployable CS, CSS units will developed in the Army structure in accordance with NATO Force Proposals requirements.
Infantry brigade will act as a training and support frame for deployable units.
Homeland security structure units will have the capability to carry out territorial military tasks and support civil structures.
The Land Forces are structured according to the principle of a reserve force which means that the main part of the defense forces of the state are units in a trained reserve.
For a state with few human and economic resources, a reserve force based on the will of defense of the citizens is the only viable form of national defense.
In peacetime the reservists conduct normal lives and the state takes care of their training and the procurement of equipment and weapons.
In wartime the reservists are mobilized into military units.
The reserve units are formed on the territorial principle, i.e. conscripts from one area are called up at one time to one unit and after service they are sent to the reserve as one unit.
The Estonian army is always in constant defense readiness in co-operation with the other services.
History.
The Scouts Single Infantry Battalion was formed on 21 December 1918.
On 21 November 1928, eight 'Single Infantry Battalions' were created.
The peacetime purpose of these battalions was to train conscripts.
In wartime the battalion would reorganize itself into a regiment with a similar order of battle as the two initial reaction force regiments covering the eastern and southern borders.
Each battalion's peacetime strength was a total 237 soldiers, in a regimental staff, a Signal Platoon, an Engineering Platoon, a Ski-Bicycle Platoon, a Building Platoon, and three infantry companies.
The wartime order of battle would have transformed the battalion into a regiment size unit carrying the same unit number and would have included 3 infantry battalions, Signal Company, Engineering Company, Ski-Bicycle Company, Cavalry Company, Building Company, Commandant Commando and a CB Commando.
In total of 3,153 men.
A reorganisation took place on 1 February 1940 and a fourth division was created.
The 4th Division staff was based in Viljandi.
The division's commander was Colonel Jaan Maide.
The four divisions were active until the Soviet occupation of Estonia.
On 17 August 1940, after Estonia occupation by the Soviets, the 22nd Territorial Rifle Corps of the Red Army was formed at Tallinn.
It was created as a territorial Estonian body on the basis of military units and institutions of the Estonian army.
All soldiers and officers kept the Estonian army 1936-spec uniforms, on which were sewn Soviet insignia.
The first commander of the 22nd Territorial Rifle Corps was a former major general of the Estonian army, Gustav Jonson, who was later arrested by the NKVD and shot.
The former commander of the 180th Rifle Division, 22nd Corps, Richard Tomberg, survived after dismissal only because from 1942 he was claimed by the Frunze Military Academy as a teacher.
He was arrested in February 1944 (he was released from the camp and rehabilitated in 1956).
Some officers of the 22nd Rifle Corps, among whom was Alfons Rebane, managed to escape from the authorities in the period between the dismissal of the army and the plan for their arrest.
Someone managed to escape abroad, others came out of hiding only after the arrival of German troops in July and August 1941, some of them volunteered for the Estonian units that fought on the side of Nazi Germany, or to enlist in the Estonian organisations controlled by the German authorities.
The 22nd Territorial Rifle Corps was part of the 'operational army' during World War II from 22 June 1941 to 31 August 1941.
On 22 June 1941 the corps headquarters was stationed in village of Rev.
Organization.
Military units.
Fire and maneuver team.
The fire and maneuver team () is a very small Estonian military unit led by a soldier that is subordinate to an infantry fireteam.
The fire and maneuver team is bigger than an individual soldier but smaller than a fireteam.
It is also the smallest military formation among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units.
It usually consists of two soldiers.
A fire and maneuver team is led by the more experienced soldier in the pair.
One fire and maneuver team is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other fire and maneuver teams on a landscale not greater than 20 x 50 metres.
There are no logistical support elements in the structure of a fire and maneuver team.
Fireteam.
A fireteam () is a small military unit led by a senior soldier that is subordinate to an infantry squad.
A fire team is bigger than a fire and maneuver team () but smaller than a squad ().
It is also one of the smallest military formation among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units.
It usually consists of three to five soldiers, and may be further subdivided into fire and maneuver teams.
One fireteam is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other fireteams on a landscale not greater than 50 x 100 metres.
There are no logistical support elements in the structure of a fireteam.
Squad.
A squad () is a small military unit led by a non-commissioned officer (NCO) that is subordinate to an infantry platoon.
A squad is bigger than a fireteam () but smaller than a platoon ().
It is also one of the smallest military formation among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units.
It usually consists six to ten soldiers, and may be further subdivided into fireteams.
One squad is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other squads on a landscale not greater than 100 x 200 metres.
There are no logistical support elements in the structure of a squad.
The formation transport is usually made up by one tactical transport vehicle such as Mercedes-Benz Unimog 435.
Platoon.
A platoon () is a small military unit led by an officer (NCO) that is subordinate to an infantry company.
A platoon is bigger than a squad () but smaller than a company ().
It is also one of the smallest military formations among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units.
It usually consists thirty to fifty soldiers, and is further subdivided into squads.
There is no logistical support element in the structure of a platoon.
The formation transport is usually made up by three to five tactical transport vehicles such as Mercedes-Benz UNIMOG 435.
Company.
A company () is a medium military unit led by a junior officer that is subordinate to an infantry battalion.
A company is bigger than a platoon () but smaller than a battalion ().
It is one of the most basic military formation among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units.
It usually consists 180 to 250 soldiers, and is further subdivided into platoons.
A company is composed of five platoons of thirty to fifty soldiers each, as well as a company leader () who is usually a captain ().
His second in command is lieutenant as an assistant of the battalion ().
One company is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other companies on a landscale not greater than 500 x 500 metres.
There is a logistical support element in the structure of a company which is based on a reserve platoon.
The formation transport is usually made up by twenty tactical transport vehicles such as Mercedes-Benz Unimog 435.
Battalion.
A battalion () is an average military unit led by a senior officer that is subordinate to an infantry brigade.
A battalion is bigger than a company () but smaller than a brigade ().
It is one of the most basic military formation among the Estonian Ground Force infantry units.
It usually consists of 900 to 1250 soldiers, and is further subdivided into companies.
A battalion is composed of five companies of 180 to 250 soldiers each, as well as a company leader () who is usually a lieutenant colonel ().
His second in command is a colonel as an assistant of the battalion ().
One battalion is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other battalion on a landscale not greater than 1500 x 3000 metres.
There is a logistical support element in the structure of a battalion which is based on a reserve company.
The formation transport is usually made up by 200 tactical transport vehicles such as Mercedes-Benz UNIMOG 435.
Regional unit.
A regional unit () is a county milita led by a senior officer that is subordinate to an infantry division.
The term "malev" is historical.
It was originally based on the manpower of a county and was led by a county leader ().
A "malev" was bigger than a battalion () and smaller than a division ().
It was the largest military formation among the Estonian Defense League infantry units.
A "malev"'s commanding officer is commonly a major or colonel.
A modern "malev" is typically composed of three to five companies or battalions, depending on the area and available manpower of a given county.
Division.
A division () is a large military unit led by a general that is subordinate to a corps ().
The division is bigger than a brigade () but smaller than a corps.
It usually consists of 20,000 to 35,000 soldiers, and is further subdivided into brigades.
A division is composed of two to four brigades 5000 to 8750 soldiers each, as well as a division leader () who is usually a major general ().
His second in command is a brigadier general () as an assistant of the division ().
One division is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other divisions on a front which covers more than two counties.
There is a logistical support element in the structure of a division which is based on a reserve brigade.
The formation transport is usually made up by 5000 to 7000 tactical transport vehicles such as Mercedes-Benz Unimog 435.
Peacetime structure.
The two brigades are not fully manned in peacetime.
The 2nd Infantry Brigade was activated on 1 August 2014.
The brigade will continue to activate further units to reach full strength by 2022 at the latest.
In parallel the 1st Infantry Brigade will become a mechanized brigade with tracked infantry fighting vehicles and self-propelled artillery.
In wartime the two brigades will be brought to full strength with reserve soldiers.
Besides the two Land Force brigades the Estonian Defense Forces also field a large number of smaller light infantry units of the Estonian Defense League, which are tasked with local defense respectively stay-behind operations.
Personnel.
Land Forces has more than 2,700 full time soldiers and 3,100 conscripts.
There were only 15 women in 2013 in conscript service.
However, since 2017, the unit also trains conscripts in mechanized infantry role.
Training.
Estonian Land Forces organizes Spring Storm ("Kevadtorm") exercises every year. 9,000 soldiers participated in this exercise in 2017.
Equipment.
Weapons.
Although the defense force employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges, the standard weapons used by the ground force are the domestically upgraded variants of the 7.62mm AK4 and 5.56mm Galil-AR assault rifles, both of which are scheduled to be replaced by 2021, as well as the 9mm variant of the MP5 submachine gun for special operations force.
The primary sidearms are the 9x18mm Makarov PM and the 9x19mm USP semi-automatic pistols.
Some units are supplemented with a variety of specialized weapons, including the Galil-ARM and Negev light machine gun, to provide suppressive fire at the fire-team level.
Indirect fire is provided by the M-69 and CG M3 grenade launchers.
The 18.53mm Benelli-M3T dual-mode shotgun is used for door breaching and close-quarters combat.
The domestically produced modification of the 7.62mm M14 selective fire automatic rifle TP2 and Galil-S are used by the snipers, along with the 8.6mm Sako TRG and 12.7mm Hecate II heavy sniper rifles are used long-range marksmen.
Hand grenades, fragmentation and smoke grenades along with the grenade launcher systems, such as the HK-GLM and HK-79N, are also used.
The defense force also employs various crew-served weapons to provide medium and heavy firepower at ranges exceeding that of individual weapons.
The 7.62mm MG-3 and KSP-58 are the ground force standard medium machine guns.
The 12.7mm Browning M2HB heavy machine gun is generally used as a vehicle-mounted machine gun used by motorised infantry.
The ground force uses two types of mortar for indirect fire support when heavier artillery may not be appropriate or available.
The smallest of these are the 81mm M252, B455 and L16A1 mortars that normally assigned at the infantry company level.
At higher echelon, infantry battalions are supported by a section of 120mm M-41D and 2B11 mortars, which are usually employed by motorized units.
Fire support for infantry units is mainly provided by towed howitzers, including the lighter 122mm D-30H63 and heavier 155mm FH-70 field howitzers.
However, in recent years, Estonia has started to procure increasing numbers of self-propelled artillery vehicles to provide fire support for its increasingly mechanized infantry, reducing the role of towed artillery.
Estonia donated at least nine D-30s as well as an unspecified number of FH-70 howitzers to Ukraine as part of its military support to Ukraine's defence against the Russian invasion of 2022.
The ground force uses a variety of shoulder fired missiles, recoilless rifles and anti-tank guided missiles to provide infantry and mechanized units with an anti-armor capability.
The 82mm B-300 is a reusable man-portable anti-tank shoulder-fired missile system.
The 84mm AT4 is an unguided projectile that can destroy armor and bunkers at ranges up to 500 meters.
The 90mm C90-CR is a disposable, shoulder-fired and one-man operated grenade launcher.
Some motorized units are supported by Pvpj 1110 and M40-A1 recoilless rifles that are mounted on high-mobility utility vehicles.
The 115mm MILAN-2 with the night-firing ability and 148mm MAPATS laser-beam riding anti-tank guided missiles are the ground forces' main anti-tank weapon systems.
The purchase of the 127mm FGM-148 Javelin fire-and-forget anti-tank missiles will increase the ground forces' anti-armor units capabilities.
The 90mm Mistral is an infrared homing surface-to-air missile, which along with the 23mm ZU-23-2 twin-barreled anti-aircraft cannons mounted on trucks make up the backbone of the defense forces' air defense.
Vehicles.
The ground force currently does not operate any main battle tanks although some types were in service of the ground force till the Soviet occupation in 1940.
In recent years the Estonian MoD has indicated a need to obtain main battle tanks by 2020 according to the national defense development plan.
As 2014, the infantry fighting vehicle CV9035 is the ground force's main battle and frontline troop carrier vehicle, is fitted with a 35mm autocannon turret, and carries up to 8 fully equipped soldiers.
The ground force's most common armored vehicles are the Pasi series armored personnel carriers of which some have been fitted into ambulance and command post vehicles roles.
The similar Pasi 180 and Pasi 188 armored personnel carriers are the standard troop carrier vehicles of the ground forces.
The Pasi XA-180's, which were acquired first, have also been used by the defense forces expeditionary units on peacekeeping operations in Central Asia and Africa.
In recent years BTR-80 amphibious armored personnel carriers have been used as training vehicles and are now being phased out.
The Estonian MoD has signed contracts for the procurement of 36 K9 Thunder self-propelled howitzers from South Korea, 18 of which had been delivered by December 2022, with the rest scheduled to arrive by 2026 at the latest.
This is in line with the strategy to transform the 1st Infantry Brigade into a mechanized brigade.
In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Estonia also signed a contract with the United States for the procurement of six HIMARS multiple launch rocket systems, which are set to be delivered by end of 2024.
While the ground force do not have any utility helicopters, attack helicopters or aircraft of its own, it does operate several types of unmanned aerial vehicles and rotorcrafts.
Currently there are no operational armed drones in service of the ground force.
In 2014, the Estonian MoD announced that Estonia, along with 12 other NATO members, plans to purchase Global Hawk drone to increase its military reconnaissance capabilities.
The defense force's most common vehicles are the Unimog and DAF series general-purpose trucks and light utility vehicles such as Unimog 416, Unimog 435, DAF YA4440, and MB 250GD.
Uniforms.
The ESTDCU, is the Estonian version of the digital camouflage uniform and its various patterns are designed for use in woodland, desert, urban and winter warfare environments.
Soldiers of Estonian Land Force also get the PASGT combat helmet and ballistic vest and a night vision device.
The following English words have been acquired either directly from Arabic or else indirectly by passing from Arabic into other languages and then into English.
Most entered one or more of the Romance languages before entering English.
To qualify for this list, a word must be reported in etymology dictionaries as having descended from Arabic.
A handful of dictionaries has been used as the source for the list.
Archaic and rare words are also omitted.
Caselex is a unique legal information service opening up national case law and other important decisions (like those of competition authorities) with a European connotation to legal professions.
As such it contributes to the Europeanisation of law.
Relying on a network of editors throughout Europe, Caselex systematically summarizes in English case law and other decisions that have a cross border value to legal professionals.
The service consists of the Caselex Market Definitions Module and several Case Law Modules.
Caselex history.
It was founded by Stig Marthinsen, with Marc de Vries as project technical coordinator.
Stig Marthinsen left the firme in 2011.
Caselex Market Definitions Module.
Defining relevant markets is crucial in concentration control and antitrust cases.
The "Caselex Market Definitions Module" gives user friendly access to English summaries of relevant markets definitions of concentration control decisions rendered by "all" 34 national and European competition authorities (29 EU Member States, 4 EFTA countries and DG COMP of the European Commission) since 2000 up to today.
Accordingly, by giving an instant synoptic European-wide overview of all relevant markets defined it provides support to lawyers submitting notifications and to competition authorities responsible for concentration control under the EU 2004 Merger Control Regulation as well as national rules thereon.
Each product market is searchable on the basis of names of products and NACE codes and each definition backed up by the line of reasoning of the competition authority.
Full texts of original decision are also available and downloadable in PDF.
Currently (October 2015), the database holds over 3.500 national and 900 DG COMP decisions holding more than 10.000 market definitions.
The launch of this Module is foreseen in January 2016.
Caselex Case Law Modules.
Next to that Caselex covers important national case law from all EU Member States Caselex (next to case law from the European Court of Justice).
Brandon Valentyn (born ) is a South African rugby union player for the in the Currie Cup.
His regular position is lock.
Valentyn had previously represented the and in the SuperSport Rugby Challenge before representing in the 2019 Currie Cup First Division.
He joined the ahead of the newly formed Super Rugby Unlocked competition in October 2020.
The Duet technical routine competition of the 2016 European Aquatics Championships was held on 13 May 2016.
Tai Sing Ng is a Malaysian politician from PKR.
The Manlius Limestone is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania.
Cape Town TV (also known as CTV) is a community television channel that broadcasts in Cape Town, South Africa.
It launched in September 2008 with a one-year, "temporary" license and thereafter won another such license in September 2009.
It is a non-profit organisation that is licensed as a community broadcaster in terms of South Africa's Electronic Communications Act.
Signal transmission and reception.
CTV is a free-to-air channel that broadcasts on an analogue transmission.
The channel transmits from a single low-power transmitter located on Tygerberg hill, to the north of Cape Town.
This site provides the widest possible coverage of the Cape Town metropolitan region, although it is only licensed (by ICASA) for low-power transmission.
Viewers can pick up the channel if they are in line-of-sight of Tygerberg mountain and their television aerials are oriented towards this site.
Automatic or manual tuning of the television set should pick up the channel between the signals of SABC3 and eTV .
The signal will vary in strength depending on how far distant the viewer is from the Tygerberg site.
In order for the channel to gain a stronger signal and increased coverage of the region, additional transmitters will be needed, some of which will be of a considerably higher power.
However, each transmitter is licensed to transmit particular frequencies and there is at present a shortage of available frequency spectrum (in South Africa generally, but particularly in Cape Town).
Not only will CTV require considerably more funding to acquire such transmitters, but ICASA will also have to license additional frequencies for the channel.
This is unlikely to happen before frequency spectrum is 'freed up' by the migration from analogue to digital television transmission, which was scheduled to be completed in 2012.
History.
Cape Town TV (known by the acronym CTV) was founded by community media activists in 2004, following the release of regulations governing the community television sector in South Africa by the broadcasting regulator, ICASA (Independent Communications Authority of South Africa).
These activists formed the Cape Town Community Television Collective (CTCTC), which consisted of a grouping of organisations working in the field of community media.
The Collective engaged in a process of ongoing discussions aimed at creating a community television channel for Cape Town, based on principles of social development, democracy, justice and human rights.
Consultations were held with other civil society organisations and the wider public, which resulted in the organisation being formally launched at its first annual general meeting (AGM) in September 2006.
This was attended by over 100 representatives from civil society organisations in Cape Town.
The organisation first approached the national public service broadcaster, the SABC, for a programming 'window' which would be viewed only in the Western Cape region.
This approach was rejected by the SABC and the organisation then decided to stage its own broadcast.
Up to this time, the only community TV broadcasts which had been allowed in South Africa were temporary broadcasts of up to four weeks in duration, which were linked to "special event" licenses.
ICASA began issuing longer "temporary" licenses of up to one year in 2007, when it licensed Soweto TV in Johannesburg for a 12-month period in July of that year.
Consequently, the CTCTC decided to also pursue a one-year license because this would provide a firmer foundation for a permanent community television channel.
Application for such a license was made and this was granted by ICASA in July 2008, although the channel was only able to launch on 1 September 2008.
The channel began broadcasting with one hour of programming, which was repeated throughout the day for a two-week period.
Thereafter programme hours were steadily increased until the channel was broadcasting 24 hours per day, although many programmes are repeated due to a shortage of available content.
The channel does not have a budget for content acquisition, so all programmes are acquired free of charge from individuals, production houses, organisations and government agencies.
Operational Model.
CTV's operational model is based on partnerships with various civil society organisations and tertiary education institutions.
The channel is housed at AFDA, the South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance, located in the suburb of Observatory in Cape Town.
AFDA provides CTV with office space, a Final Control Centre room located in the institution's television studio building, access to the production facilities of the television studio and student operators on production equipment.
In return, CTV provides AFDA students with on-the-job training and experience in a real broadcast environment, broadcast of student productions and lectures by professional staff.
CTV also has relationships with other tertiary education institutions in the city, including the University of the Western Cape (UWC), the University of Cape Town (UCT), City Varsity and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT).
These institutions provide production facilities and student operators for certain television productions as well as their own student short films, PSA's (Public Service Advertisements) and documentaries.
The station is run by a non-profit organisation that has other NGOs as its members.
Membership is currently free of charge.
Programming.
CTV has a range of programming that includes content that is acquired from various sources (such as independent producers, community members, production houses, organisations, educational institutions and government agencies) and programmes that are produced either 'in-house' or by programme partners using studio facilities located at AFDA, UWC or UCT.
Programmes are mainly of a documentary nature, covering topics such as NGOs, health, spirituality, religion, human rights, democracy, environment and world affairs.
The channel has made a name for itself by broadcasting programmes that would never be shown on conventional television stations.
These include controversial issues such as 'conspiracy theories' (e.g.
Illuminati, the 9-11 attacks, etc.
Other content includes short films, music programmes, talk shows, actuality programmes and lectures.
CTV now has an 'arts desk' which produces short videos on arts, cultural and sports events in the city.
Some programmes, such as "Currents" and the arts desk have a training component, where young people from disadvantaged backgrounds are mentored in video production and video journalism skills. and Workers World Media Productions, which produces "The Labour Show".
Other local content providers produce shows including "What's On in Cape Town" (local events), "Street Talk" (topical issues) "Talent in Action" (amateur performers), "Talk Dini" and "The Friday Sermon" (Muslim religious issues).
As of 2011, CTV broadcast Girls Talk TV, a US-based network of 4 cable TV shows geared towards the empowerment of young women.
CTV has done a number of live broadcasts from the AFDA studio. and a fundraising telethon with local entertainers and celebrities in September 2009.
CTV includes the Keiser Report, Breaking the Set with Abby Martin, Documentaries from RT and Al Jazeera (English) international news in its programming line-up.
Al Jazeera is located in Doha and provides an alternative viewpoint on global events, with in-depth news and current affairs coverage.
CTV re-broadcasts Al Jazeera live from 13H00-14H00 in the afternoons and from 20H00-21H00 in the evenings.
Challenges.
CTV, like other community television stations in South Africa, faces a number of challenges.
These include funding, availability of broadcast frequencies and the migration from analogue to digital broadcasting.
In October 2009 CTV was taken off air for ten days by the national signal provider, Sentech, due to cash flow difficulties that prevented it from maintaining payments for signal distribution.
Consequently, the channel has embarked on a programme of action aimed at either reducing the fees charged by Sentech to community broadcasters, or incepting a government subsidy for these costs.
This programme of action resulted in a public march on Parliament in November 2009, where the station presented a list of demands to the South African government.
That CTV is not switched off when ICASA licenses a new cell phone TV operator next year but that a frequency is allocated to carry the channel.
2.
The creation of an interim support fund for existing community TV stations, in addition to the speedy implementation of the Public Broadcasting Fund.
3.
That Sentech provides CTV with a good quality signal and transmission for free or at a significantly reduced rate.
4.
That community TV is protected during and after the migration to digital terrestrial television.
The process of migration from analogue to digital television broadcasting that is happening in South Africa poses a significant threat to the channel.
The frequency that CTV has been allocated for broadcasting by ICASA has been earmarked for mobile broadcasting, i.e. digital broadcasting to cell phones.
This means that when a mobile broadcaster is licensed (which is likely to happen in mid-2010), CTV will no longer have a frequency on which to broadcast.
It is the second track on the group's 1979 album of the same name.
In the UK and Ireland, "Voulez-Vous" was released as a double A-side, though nearly everywhere else, "Voulez-Vous" was a single A-side.
The double A side single is, as of September 2021, ABBA's 13th-biggest song in the UK, including both pure sales and digital streams.
"Angeleyes" is featured on the ' compilation.
"Voulez-Vous" was re-released as a single in 1992 to promote "".
A songwriting trip to the Bahamas saw the birth of this melody, and the proximity to Miami made it convenient to record the backing track at Criteria Studios with members of the disco group Foxy.
Criteria Studios is where the Bee Gees made their disco-era records.
"Voulez-Vous" is the only ABBA song (other than live recordings) to be recorded outside of Sweden.
Reception.
"Billboard" described Voulez-Vous as one of ABBA's "most dynamic tracks", stating that it contains "almost Russian sounding musical accents".
"Cash Box" said the song was "a return to shimmering Euro-pop with a chirpy disco beat and bright horns," and praised the vocal performance.
Compared to ABBA's hits both before and after, "Voulez-Vous" was not a major hit for the group.
It also peaked at No. 9 in France, Spain and Switzerland.
Live performances and appearances in other media.
In 2009, Nadel was indicted on fifteen federal counts of securities fraud, wire fraud, and mail fraud.
If found guilty, he could have been sentenced to 280 years in prison and would have been required to forfeit all assets connected to the fraud.
He was arrested on January 27, 2009 after surrendering at the Tampa Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) office.
Nadel, who had been reported missing by his fifth wife since January 14, was accompanied by two attorneys, Todd Foster and Barry Cohen.
His wife, Marguerite "Peg" J.
(Quisenberry) Nadel had contacted authorities after he left a note telling her how to survive financially without him.
"The avenues to money for you will likely be blocked soon," Nadel wrote to his wife in a note that employees found January 15 in a shredding machine.
"Withdraw as much cash as you can," he said, adding that he would send further instructions.
"Sell the Subaru if you need money."
He left a package for his wife.
"Look at all the recently paid bills in the 'package' to see where they stand," he wrote.
"Also in the package are enough documents that I think will do the trick to give you complete control and ownership of what is left, and even documentation for divorce."
She said he was distraught over the losses, according to "Bloomberg News".
According to the Sarasota County Sheriff's Office, Nadel felt guilty and threatened to kill himself.
As of January 20, 2009, federal law enforcement authorities had tracked Nadel to Slidell, Louisiana.
On April 18, 2012, Nadel died at Butner Federal Correctional Complex in North Carolina.
He was 79.
Personal life and previous occupations.
Nadel worked his way through New York University, and in 1957, graduated from New York University Law School, playing piano in Manhattan.
He never actively practiced law, but was disbarred in 1982, citing "dishonesty, fraud, deceit and misrepresentation".
Different versions of who received the money have been reported.
He had already repaid the money with interest by 1981.
He had already been married and divorced twice and had several children.
He was a CEO in the 1970s of a public company that built health care facilities.
In 1978, he and others tried to convert the rundown, historic Mira Mar Hotel into condominiums.
The plan fell apart.
He subsequently played in piano bars, befriending local artists and musicians.
He claimed destitution.
He became a real estate developer and securities investor in Sarasota during the 1960s, according to marketing documents for the Valhalla fund.
From 1994 through 1997, Nadel was employed as a piano player at Homestyle Harmony restaurant, a family-style dining establishment in Sarasota where waitstaff sang "sing-a-long" songs to customers during dinner, as well as performing for guests in a "parlor" show down the hall in the restaurant.
The restaurant closed in 1997.
In 1997, he and Peg started a day-trading club and developed a computer-based investment and trading system.
They teamed up with Neil V. Moody, a Sarasota entrepreneur, and began managing money for clients in Moody's Valhalla, Victor, and Viking funds.
The companies attracted scores of investors, promising high returns.
The project turned when prices collapsed.
Four lots were donated to their foundation as tax write off.
All received cash gifts and pledges from the couple in recent years.
None had any money invested in the hedge funds."
SEC charges and criminal charges.
Tampa U.S. Magistrate Judge Mark Pizzo denied Nadel's request to be released on his own recognizance, and on January 30, 2009 ordered him held without bail at the Pinellas County jail.
On February 2, 2009, Judge Pizzo issued a warrant of removal, removing the case from the jurisdiction of the Middle District of Florida to the Southern District of New York.
16-Count indictment.
On April 15, 2009, U.S. Magistrate Judge Kevin N. Fox in Manhattan appointed Mark Gombiner, an attorney from the Federal Defenders of New York, Inc., to represent Nadel.
On April 28, 2009, in the Southern District of New York, federal regulators handed down a 15-count indictment against Nadel, which carries maximum prison sentences of 280 years.
"Nadel solicited prospective clients to invest in the funds by making various misrepresentations about the performance and value of the funds, including that the net asset value of each of the funds was tens of millions of dollars. the U.S. Attorney's Office in New York said in a statement.
In truth, Nadel's trading resulted in an overall net loss in the funds," the U.S. Attorney's Office in New York said in a statement.
The criminal case is "U.S.A. v. Nadel", 09-mJ-00169, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan).
Bankruptcy trustee.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) won a court order on January 21, 2009 freezing Nadel's assets.
Six hedge funds and two investment management companies are named as relief defendants.
The SEC case is "Securities and Exchange Commission v. Nadel", 09-cv-00087, U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida (Tampa).
Wiand estimated the fraud began possibly earlier than 2003, and intends to recover additional funds from the Moodys' fees collected from Scoop.
Clawbacks.
Wiand has identified more than 80 investors who made "false profits" in Nadel's hedge fund and as a clawback has asked them to return the money.
Any unreturned funds will be pursued in court.
Robert O.
He has already paid income taxes on the money, yet the Internal Revenue Service only allowed him to go back three years in amending his returns to get a refund.
Others involved.
The Moodys have already given statements to the U.S. Attorney.
Burton Wiand has confirmed he will take legal action against the Moodys to gain control of assets tied to Nadel's failed hedge funds.
It was Neil Moody who informed his 600 investors that the money they invested in Scoop's hedge funds had disappeared.
The Moodys have denied knowing anything about the Ponzi scheme, but many of Nadel's investors claim that they were their primary contact.
The three Viking funds the Moody's managed with Nadel had results ranging from a 4 percent annualized gain to a 24.5 percent per year loss.
But the Moody's told their investors that returns for the funds were much higher.
Nadel's accountant, Michael D. Zucker, had not been licensed as a Certified Public Accountant in the state of Florida since 1990.
"The most consistent returns I have ever seen".
An article in "The Wall Street Digest" by Donald H. Rowe, Chairman of Carnegie Asset Management, cited the superior returns of Nadel's funds as "the best track record and most consistent returns I have ever seen."
Understandably, I did not learn the various mathematical formulas in Nadel's "black box" computer program."
Despite the statistical improbability of the stated returns, Rowe's article offers a glowing recommendation and includes contact information for the funds.
Total value of hedge funds.
Nadel traded for three funds established by partnerships Valhalla Management and Viking Management and three funds established by Scoop Management and Scoop Capital LLC.
Scoop was created by Nadel himself.
Viking and Valhalla were created by unnamed partners.
Investor losses.
The money was to be paid by October 10, 2008, or 10 business days after the close of the third quarter.
On October 15, fund managers asserted their right to withhold the payout "due to extraordinary market circumstances".
After negotiations, the fund agreed to pay the money in two installments.
His lawsuit claims that the Moodys took fraudulently obtained money from investors in Scoop's funds and bought homes with part of the proceeds.
Other business interests.
On January 27, 2009, Venice Jet Center LLC and Tradewind LLC, two of Nadel's businesses, were ordered into receivership by Tampa U.S. District Judge Richard Lazzara.
The judge appointed attorney Burton Wiand as receiver for Nadel's funds, said in a court filing that the businesses were bought with fraudulently obtained money.
Venice Jet Center provides charter services and a flight school, and "is a viable business with potential to generate assets for the receivership".
Tradewind owns and controls at least five aircraft and owns airport hangars at the Newnan-Coweta County Airport in suburban Atlanta, Georgia.
Tradewind Aviation was run by his son Chris, who has an airline pilot's license.
Federal records show Tradewind owns two Cessna Citation jets, a Lear Jet, a helicopter, and several smaller aircraft.
Public records show Nadel was an officer of Summer Place Development Corp., a undeveloped parcel in Manatee County, Florida.
One of the founders of Soviet cybernetics, Lyapunov was member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and a specialist in the fields of real function theory, mathematical problems of cybernetics, set theory, programming theory, mathematical linguistics, and mathematical biology.
Biography.
Composer Sergei Lyapunov, mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov, and philologist were his close relatives.
In 1928, Lyapunov enrolled at Moscow State University to study mathematics, and in 1932 he became a student of Nikolai Luzin.
Under his mentorship, Lyapunov began his research in descriptive set theory.
He became world-wide known for his theorem on the range of an atomless vector-measure in finite dimensions, now called the Lyapunov Convexity Theorem.
From 1934 until the early 1950s, Lyapunov was on the staff of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics.
When Mstislav Keldysh organized the Department of Applied Mathematics (now the M.V.
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics) he suggested Lyapunov to lead its work on programming.
In 1954 A.A. Lyapunov was invited by Anatoly Kitov (scientific director of the Computing Center No. 1 of the USSR Ministry of Defense) to this computing center as head of the laboratory.
A.A. Lyapunov worked at this military computing center until 1960.
In 1961, Lyapunov moved to the Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Division of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (now the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics), where he founded the department of cybernetics.
At Novosibirsk State University, he founded the Department of Theoretical Cybernetics and the Laboratory of Cybernetics at the Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Division of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (now the Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics) which he led until the end of his life.
In 1964, Lyapunov was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and joined the Division of Mathematics.
He was awarded the Order of the Red Star in 1944, Order of the Badge of Honour in 1953, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour (1956 and 1967), and Order of Lenin in 1971.
The municipality is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Name.
The name of the settlement was changed from "Prevalje" to "Prevalje pod Krimom" in 1953.
Church.
It is long.
Name.
Its name Joyeuse, that applies also to the Aran and one of its tributaries, is in legend the name of the sword of Charlemagne.
It was attributed after the battle of Roncevaux.
At this time, many breaches or narrow passes in the Pyrenees were renamed in reference to Roland.
Geography.
For details of the history of the region, see "History of Pomerania".
The village has a population of 1,123.
Sandra Gordon-Salant is an American audiologist.
She is a professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, where she is also director of the doctoral program in clinical audiology.
Gordon-Salant investigates the effects of aging and hearing loss on auditory processes, as well as signal enhancement devices for hearing-impaired listeners.
She is the senior editor of the 2010 book, "The Aging Auditory System".
Gordon-Salant has served as editor of the "Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research".
Biography.
Gordon-Salant earned her B.S. in Speech Pathology at University at Albany, State University of New York in 1974.
She attended graduate school at Northwestern University, where she received her Masters of Arts in Audiology in 1976.
In 1977, she was awarded her membership from and Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology from the American Speech and Hearing Association.
Gordon-Salant completed her Ph.D. in Audiology at Northwestern University in 1981.
In 1981, she joined the faculty of the Hearing and Speech Sciences Department in University of Maryland, College Park, moving from Assistant to Associate to Full Faculty at the institution.
She has been a faculty member of the Neuroscience and Cognitive Science program at the University of Maryland since 1992 as well as a faculty member of the Language Science Center since 2015.
She has served as Director of the Doctoral Program in Audiology at UMD since 2002.
Gordon-Salant conducts research on the effects of aging and hearing loss on auditory processes.
Over the course of her career, she has published over 90 articles and book chapters.
She is the senior editor of the 2010 book, "The Aging Auditory System".
Gordon-Salant has served as editor of the "Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research".
Awards and honors.
In 2009, Gordon-Salant was awarded the James F. Jerger Award for Outstanding Career in Research from the American Academy of Audiology.
In 2010, she was elected as a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America.
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association awarded her the Al Kawana Award for outstanding contributions to research in 2013, and in 2017 she received the Honors of the Association.
Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733 (9th Cir. 2015), is an ongoing dispute that arose when Cindy Lee Garcia sued Google and its video-sharing website, YouTube, to have the controversial film, "Innocence of Muslims", taken down from the site.
A California district court denied Garcia's motion for preliminary injunction, but, on appeal, a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the lower court's decision, ordered YouTube to take down all copies of "Innocence of Muslims", and remanded the case to the district court for reconsideration.
In May 2015, in an en banc opinion, the Ninth Circuit reversed the panel's decision, vacating the order for the preliminary injunction.
Background.
Garcia's participation in the film.
In July 2011, Garcia auditioned for a film by writer and producer Mark Basseley Youssef, also known as Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, with the working title "Desert Warrior".
A casting call described the film as "an HD 24P historical Arabian Desert adventure film," and Garcia was ultimately cast to play a minor role, that of a mother of a young woman who had been promised in marriage to the movie's protagonist.
International reaction to "Innocence of Muslims".
Ultimately, Youssef used the footage from "Desert Warrior" to create the controversial anti-Islamic film, "Innocence of Muslims".
He added the anti-Islamic content to the film by dubbing over the actors' lines without their knowledge.
In particular, Youssef had partially dubbed one of Garcia's lines in order to have her character ask, "Is your Mohammed a child molester?"
"Innocence of Muslims" screened at the Vine Theater in Los Angeles, California and was uploaded to YouTube on July 1.
By September 2012, Youssef had translated the film into Arabic and drew the attention of the Arabic-speaking world.
An Egyptian cleric issued a fatwa, condemning all involved with the film to death.
On September 11, 2012, a series of protests began in response to a YouTube trailer for "Innocence of Muslims".
While the protests began at the diplomatic mission in Cairo, Egypt, unrest quickly spread to several other countries with significant Muslim populations, including Yemen, Greece, Sudan, Tunisia, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
Garcia herself received death threats due to her involvement with the film.
Lawsuit.
District Court.
Garcia asked Google to take down the film from YouTube on eight occasions pursuant to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
After Google declined, Garcia sued the company in federal district court in California.
She claimed that the film's continued existence on YouTube violated her copyright interest in her performance in the film.
She applied to the court for a temporary restraining order to force Google to take down the film.
The district court treated Garcia's application for a temporary restraining order as an application for a preliminary injunction.
The court denied the application "because Garcia had delayed in bringing the action, had failed to demonstrate 'that the requested preliminary relief would prevent any alleged harm' and was unlikely to succeed on the merits because she'd granted Youssef an implied license to use her performance in the film."
In a declaration given by David Hardy, president of DMCA Solutions, YouTube's typical notice-and-counter-notice process is described.
The Ninth Circuit reversed the district court's decision denying Garcia a preliminary injunction, forcing Google to take down all copies of "Innocence of Muslims" from YouTube.
The Ninth Circuit also remanded the case for retrial on the merits of Garcia's copyright claim.
Ninth Circuit opinion.
The Ninth Circuit held that Garcia was entitled to a preliminary injunction because she was likely to succeed on the merits of her copyright claim.
The court determined that Garcia likely owned an independent, copyrightable interest in her own performance in the film.
Specifically, the court explained that Garcia's performance was "fixed" and that her "body language, facial expression and reactions to other actors and elements of a scene" constituted sufficient originality, both requirements of the Copyright Act of 1976.
Further, the court concluded that Garcia never intended to be a "joint author," so Youssef had no co-ownership of her performance in the film.
Additionally, the court determined that Garcia was not an "employee" for purposes of transferring her ownership interest in her performance under the Copyright Act.
The court pointed out that the term "employee" refers "to a hired party in a conventional employer relationship."
According to the court, because "Youssef hired Garcia for a specific task, she only worked for three days and she claims she received no health or other traditional employment benefits" suggests that she was not an "employee" under the statute.
Garcia never transferred her interest in writing, either.
On November 12, 2014, the full Ninth Circuit voted to rehear the case en banc.
As part of that order, the court vacated its prior opinion, meaning that it can no longer be cited and is not binding on lower courts.
The order has no effect on the injunction, meaning that Google still may not post the allegedly infringing portions of the film, at least for the time being.
In May 2015, in an en banc opinion, the Ninth Circuit reversed the panel's decision, vacating the order for the preliminary injunction.
Reactions.
Criticism.
Prior to its reversal in an en banc opinion, the Ninth Circuit's decision sparked criticism from the legal community, as well as those who produce, distribute, or host copyrighted content.
The Electronic Frontier Foundation ("EFF") has criticized the court's decision for several reasons.
Second, the EFF argues that the court's decision amounts to a "prior restraint of speech, something that should never happen when the claim is 'doubtful.'"
Even worse, the EFF argues, the decision may signal that any party who has added "anything even remotely creative to a work" may have the right to receive a share in the profits of that work, and he or she may have the power to remove that work from circulation.
Clark D. Asay, associate professor of law at Brigham Young University, reiterates some of the EFF's concerns.
He suggests that the Ninth Circuit's decision could lead to censorship, wherein a small contributor to a creative work can effectively close off public access to the work.
He also argues that the decision undercuts the utilitarian purpose of copyright law.
Flynn v. Google.
L'Express is a French-language daily newspaper, published in Mauritius since 1963 and owned by La Sentinelle, Ltd. "L'Express" endeavours to cover Mauritian news in an independent and impartial manner, as described in its code of conduct for journalists.
It is the most widely-read daily in Mauritius and constantly changes to keep up with the latest trends in journalism and the newspaper business.
Anthony Downs (November 21, 1930October 2, 2021) was an American economist specializing in public policy and public administration.
His research focuses included political choice theory, rent control, affordable housing, and transportation economics.
He wrote a number of books including, "An Economic Theory of Democracy" (1957) and "Inside Bureaucracy" (1967), which have been major influences on the public choice school of political economy.
In "Downs's Law of Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion" (1962), he accurately predicted that expanding expressways could not reduce traffic congestion, since demand would increase as well, and that reducing speeds increases capacity.
He served as a senior senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., member of faculty at the University of Chicago and a visiting fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California in San Francisco.
Downs was also an elected fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.
Early life.
James Anthony Downs was born on November 21, 1930, in Evanston, Illinois.
His father was the founder of a consulting firm, Real Estate Research Corporation, and a frequent speaker on real estate related topics.
He grew up in Park Ridge, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.
He received a B.A. in international relations and political theory from Carleton College in 1952.
During this time he was the elected president of the college student body.
He would later credit this experience for some of his interests in studying democracy.
He went to the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University on a scholarship to pursue his M.A. and Ph.D. in economics, obtaining his doctorate in 1956.
He enlisted in the Navy and served as an intelligence officer when he was drafted.
During this time he also served on an aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean Sea.
He quit the service after three years to join his father's consulting firm and also briefly served as a member of the faculty at the University of Chicago.
Career.
Downs served as a consultant to many of the nation's largest corporations and public institutions, including the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the White House.
President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to the National Commission on Urban Problems in 1967, and HUD Secretary Jack Kemp appointed him to the Advisory Commission on Regulatory Barriers to Affordable Housing in 1989.
He was an officer or trustee of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
On the "left" he placed communist parties that want entirely state-planned economies, and on the "right" he placed conservative parties that demand an entirely deregulated economy.
He claimed that most voters have incomplete information when voting for political candidates in a democracy, and therefore will resort to economic issues of "how much government intervention in the economy there should be" and how parties will control this.
Downs borrowed the curve from Harold Hotelling, who developed it to explain how grocery stores targeted customers.
Downs's book has since become one of the most cited books in political science.
In "An Economic Theory of Democracy" (1957), an early work in rational choice theory, Downs posited the paradox of voting, which claimed that significant elements of political life could not be explained in terms of voter self-interest.
Housing and traffic policy.
Later, Downs concerned himself with housing policy, writing about rent control and affordable housing.
"The Revolution in Real Estate Finance" (1985) predicted a long-term housing slowdown and decrease in housing prices.
Downs had involved himself with transportation economics.
In 1962, Downs published his "Downs's Law of Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion".
This law states that on "urban commuter expressways, peak-hour traffic congestion rises to meet maximum capacity".
Therefore, expanding the expressway network does not help against traffic jams.
A complex set of forces lie behind this law, which were analyzed by presentation of a model of commuter decision-making and its underlying set of assumptions.
Sometimes this effect is referred to as Induced demand.
By the same token, e.g.
(Cf.
Braess's paradox.)
His book, "Stuck in Traffic" (1992), which detailed the economic disadvantages of traffic congestion and proposed road pricing as the only effective means of alleviating it, was denounced by traffic engineers for its insistence on the futility of congestion relief measures.
However, enough of his gloomy predictions about congestion were proven correct that he successfully published a second edition, "Still Stuck in Traffic" (2004).
He joined the Brookings Institution, an American thinktank, in 1977.
He continued his work on housing policies and traffic issues management at the institute.
He was the author or co-author of 24 books and more than 500 articles.
He was a visiting fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California in San Francisco, between 2004 and 2005.
Personal life.
Downs met his first wife, Mary Katherine Watson, at a high-school prom.
During this time, he challenged her to a game of chess, which she won.
The couple were married in 1956.
They had five children.
Kay died in 1998 from ovarian cancer.
Downs later married his second wife Darian Dreyfuss Olsen.
An antireflective, antiglare or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses, other optical elements, and photovoltaic cells to reduce reflection.
In typical imaging systems, this improves the efficiency since less light is lost due to reflection.
In complex systems such as cameras, binoculars, telescopes, and microscopes the reduction in reflections also improves the contrast of the image by elimination of stray light.
This is especially important in planetary astronomy.
In other applications, the primary benefit is the elimination of the reflection itself, such as a coating on eyeglass lenses that makes the eyes of the wearer more visible to others, or a coating to reduce the glint from a covert viewer's binoculars or telescopic sight.
Many coatings consist of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index.
Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in the beams reflected from the interfaces, and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beams.
This makes the structure's performance change with wavelength and incident angle, so that color effects often appear at oblique angles.
Applications.
Anti-reflective coatings are used in a wide variety of applications where light passes through an optical surface, and low loss or low reflection is desired.
Examples include anti-glare coatings on corrective lenses and camera lens elements, and antireflective coatings on solar cells.
Corrective lenses.
Opticians may recommend "anti-reflection lenses" because the decreased reflection enhances the cosmetic appearance of the lenses.
Such lenses are often said to reduce glare, but the reduction is very slight.
Eliminating reflections allows slightly more light to pass through, producing a slight increase in contrast and visual acuity.
Antireflective ophthalmic lenses should not be confused with polarized lenses, which are found only in sunglasses and decrease (by absorption) the visible glare of sun reflected off surfaces such as sand, water, and roads.
The term "antireflective" relates to the reflection from the surface of the lens itself, not the origin of the light that reaches the lens.
Many anti-reflection lenses include an additional coating that repels water and grease, making them easier to keep clean.
Anti-reflection coatings are particularly suited to high-index lenses, as these reflect more light without the coating than a lower-index lens (a consequence of the Fresnel equations).
It is also generally easier and cheaper to coat high index lenses.
Photolithography.
Antireflective coatings (ARC) are often used in microelectronic photolithography to help reduce image distortions associated with reflections off the surface of the substrate.
Different types of antireflective coatings are applied either before (Bottom ARC, or BARC) or after the photoresist, and help reduce standing waves, thin-film interference, and specular reflections.
Solar cells.
Solar cells are often coated with an anti-reflective coating.
Materials that have been used include magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, and aluminum oxide.
Types.
Index-matching.
The simplest form of anti-reflective coating was discovered by Lord Rayleigh in 1886.
The optical glass available at the time tended to develop a tarnish on its surface with age, due to chemical reactions with the environment.
Rayleigh tested some old, slightly tarnished pieces of glass, and found to his surprise that they transmitted "more" light than new, clean pieces.
Because the tarnish has a refractive index between those of glass and air, each of these interfaces exhibits less reflection than the air-glass interface did.
In fact, the total of the two reflections is less than that of the "naked" air-glass interface, as can be calculated from the Fresnel equations.
One approach is to use graded-index (GRIN) anti-reflective coatings, that is, ones with nearly continuously varying index of refraction.
With these, it is possible to curtail reflection for a broad band of frequencies and incidence angles.
Single-layer interference.
The simplest interference anti-reflective coating consists of a single thin layer of transparent material with refractive index equal to the square root of the substrate's refractive index.
In air, such a coating theoretically gives zero reflectance for light with wavelength (in the coating) equal to four times the coating's thickness.
Reflectance is also decreased for wavelengths in a broad band around the center.
A layer of thickness equal to a quarter of some design wavelength is called a "quarter-wave layer".
The most common type of optical glass is crown glass, which has an index of refraction of about 1.52.
An optimal single-layer coating would have to be made of a material with an index of about 1.23.
There are no solid materials with such a low refractive index.
The closest materials with good physical properties for a coating are magnesium fluoride, MgF2 (with an index of 1.38), and fluoropolymers, which can have indices as low as 1.30, but are more difficult to apply.
MgF2 coatings perform much better on higher-index glasses, especially those with index of refraction close to 1.9.
MgF2 coatings are commonly used because they are cheap and durable.
When the coatings are designed for a wavelength in the middle of the visible band, they give reasonably good anti-reflection over the entire band.
Researchers have produced films of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with refractive indices as low as 1.12, which function as antireflection coatings.
Multi-layer interference.
Coatings that give very low reflectivity over a broad band of frequencies can also be made, although these are complex and relatively expensive.
Absorbing.
An additional category of anti-reflection coatings is the so-called "absorbing ARC".
These coatings are useful in situations where high transmission through a surface is unimportant or undesirable, but low reflectivity is required.
They can produce very low reflectance with few layers, and can often be produced more cheaply, or at greater scale, than standard non-absorbing AR coatings.
(See, for example, US Patent 5,091,244.)
Absorbing ARCs often make use of unusual optical properties exhibited in compound thin films produced by sputter deposition.
For example, titanium nitride and niobium nitride are used in absorbing ARCs.
These can be useful in applications requiring contrast enhancement or as a replacement for tinted glass (for example, in a CRT display).
Moth eye.
This allows the moth to see well in the dark, without reflections to give its location away to predators.
This kind of antireflective coating works because the bumps are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, so the light sees the surface as having a continuous refractive index gradient between the air and the medium, which decreases reflection by effectively removing the air-lens interface.
Canon uses the moth-eye technique in their Sub-Wavelength structure Coating, which significantly reduces lens flare.
Such structures are also used in photonic devices, for example, moth-eye structures grown from tungsten oxide and iron oxide can be used as photoelectrodes for splitting water to produce hydrogen.
The structure consists of tungsten oxide spheroids several hundred micrometers in diameter, coated with a few nanometers of iron oxide.
Circular polarizer.
A circular polarizer laminated to a surface can be used to eliminate reflections.
The polarizer transmits light with one chirality ("handedness") of circular polarization.
Light reflected from the surface after the polarizer is transformed into the opposite "handedness".
This light cannot pass back through the circular polarizer because its chirality has changed (e.g. from right circular polarized to left circularly polarized).
Theory.
There are two separate causes of optical effects due to coatings, often called "thick-film" and "thin-film" effects.
Thick-film coatings do not depend on how thick the coating is, so long as the coating is much thicker than a wavelength of light.
Thin-film effects arise when the thickness of the coating is approximately the same as a quarter or a half a wavelength of light.
In this case, the reflections of a steady source of light can be made to add destructively and hence reduce reflections by a separate mechanism.
In addition to depending very much on the thickness of the film and the wavelength of light, thin-film coatings depend on the angle at which the light strikes the coated surface.
Reflection.
Whenever a ray of light moves from one medium to another (for example, when light enters a sheet of glass after travelling through air), some portion of the light is reflected from the surface (known as the "interface") between the two media.
This can be observed when looking through a window, for instance, where a (weak) reflection from the front and back surfaces of the window glass can be seen.
The strength of the reflection depends on the ratio of the refractive indices of the two media, as well as the angle of the surface to the beam of light.
The exact value can be calculated using the Fresnel equations.
The value of "R" varies from 0 (no reflection) to 1 (all light reflected) and is usually quoted as a percentage.
Complementary to "R" is the "transmission coefficient", or "transmittance", "T".
Thus if a beam of light with intensity "I" is incident on the surface, a beam of intensity "RI" is reflected, and a beam with intensity "TI" is transmitted into the medium.
The amount of light reflected is known as the "reflection loss".
In the more complicated scenario of multiple reflections, say with light travelling through a window, light is reflected both when going from air to glass and at the other side of the window when going from glass back to air.
The size of the loss is the same in both cases.
Light also may bounce from one surface to another multiple times, being partially reflected and partially transmitted each time it does so.
In all, the combined reflection coefficient is given by .
Rayleigh's film.
As observed by Lord Rayleigh, a thin film (such as tarnish) on the surface of glass can reduce the reflectivity.
This effect can be explained by envisioning a thin layer of material with refractive index "n"1 between the air (index "n"0) and the glass (index "n"S).
From the equation above and the known refractive indices, reflectivities for both interfaces can be calculated, denoted "R"01 and "R"1S respectively.
The transmission at each interface is therefore and .
The total transmittance into the glass is thus "T"1S"T"01.
Calculating this value for various values of "n"1, it can be found that at one particular value of optimal refractive index of the layer, the transmittance of both interfaces is equal, and this corresponds to the maximal total transmittance into the glass.
Therefore, an intermediate coating between the air and glass can halve the reflection loss.
Interference coatings.
The use of an intermediate layer to form an anti-reflection coating can be thought of as analogous to the technique of impedance matching of electrical signals.
(A similar method is used in fibre optic research, where an "index-matching oil" is sometimes used to temporarily defeat total internal reflection so that light may be coupled into or out of a fiber.)
Further reduced reflection could in theory be made by extending the process to several layers of material, gradually blending the refractive index of each layer between the index of the air and the index of the substrate.
Practical anti-reflection coatings, however, rely on an intermediate layer not only for its direct reduction of reflection coefficient, but also use the interference effect of a thin layer.
The layer is then called a "quarter-wave coating".
For this type of coating a normally incident beam "I", when reflected from the second interface, will travel exactly half its own wavelength further than the beam reflected from the first surface, leading to destructive interference. ), however the anti-reflective performance is worse in this case due to the stronger dependence of the reflectance on wavelength and the angle of incidence.
If the intensities of the two beams "R"1 and "R"2 are exactly equal, they will destructively interfere and cancel each other, since they are exactly out of phase.
Therefore, there is no reflection from the surface, and all the energy of the beam must be in the transmitted ray, "T".
In the calculation of the reflection from a stack of layers, the transfer-matrix method can be used.
Also, the layer will have the ideal thickness for only one distinct wavelength of light.
Other difficulties include finding suitable materials for use on ordinary glass, since few useful substances have the required refractive index () that will make both reflected rays exactly equal in intensity.
Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is often used, since this is hard-wearing and can be easily applied to substrates using physical vapor deposition, even though its index is higher than desirable ().
Further reduction is possible by using multiple coating layers, designed such that reflections from the surfaces undergo maximal destructive interference.
One way to do this is to add a second quarter-wave thick higher-index layer between the low-index layer and the substrate.
The reflection from all three interfaces produces destructive interference and anti-reflection.
Other techniques use varying thicknesses of the coatings.
If the coated optic is used at non-normal incidence (that is, with light rays not perpendicular to the surface), the anti-reflection capabilities are degraded somewhat.
This occurs because the phase accumulated in the layer "relative to the phase of the light immediately reflected" decreases as the angle increases from normal.
This is counterintuitive, since the ray experiences a greater total phase shift in the layer than for normal incidence.
This paradox is resolved by noting that the ray will exit the layer spatially offset from where it entered and will interfere with reflections from incoming rays that had to travel further (thus accumulating more phase of their own) to arrive at the interface.
The net effect is that the relative phase is actually reduced, shifting the coating, such that the anti-reflection band of the coating tends to move to shorter wavelengths as the optic is tilted.
Non-normal incidence angles also usually cause the reflection to be polarization-dependent.
Textured coatings.
Reflection can be reduced by texturing the surface with 3D pyramids or 2D grooves (gratings).
These kind of textured coating can be created using for example the Langmuir-Blodgett method.
If wavelength is greater than the texture size, the texture behaves like a gradient-index film with reduced reflection.
To calculate reflection in this case, effective medium approximations can be used.
To minimize reflection, various profiles of pyramids have been proposed, such as cubic, quintic or integral exponential profiles.
In this case the reflection can be calculated using ray tracing.
Using texture reduces reflection for wavelengths comparable with the feature size as well.
In this case no approximation is valid, and reflection can be calculated by solving Maxwell equations numerically.
Antireflective properties of textured surfaces are well discussed in literature for a wide range of size-to-wavelength ratios (including long- and short-wave limits) to find the optimal texture size.
History.
As mentioned above, natural index-matching "coatings" were discovered by Lord Rayleigh in 1886.
Harold Dennis Taylor of Cooke company developed a chemical method for producing such coatings in 1904.
Interference-based coatings were invented and developed in 1935 by Olexander Smakula, who was working for the Carl Zeiss optics company.
The stadium is located within the military base of Fort Tiuna, itself located between Coche and El Valle parishes, both south of the Libertador Municipality, southwest of Caracas.
While it has hosted various events such as the Interinstitutional Military Games, its use is not limited to the Venezuelan Armed Forces.
The stadium is regularly used for civilian sports activities, including international eventssuch as the 2010 Women's Baseball World Cup, for which it received a major renovation, or the 2013 Youth Baseball World Cup.
In addition to his time with the LVBP, he also managed the team of Venezuela's Military Academy of the Bolivarian Army, located at Fort Tiuna, for 29 years.
2010 Women's Baseball World Cup shooting incident.
A club deal, in finance, refers to a leveraged buyout or other private equity investment that involves two or more private equity firms.
It can also be referred as consortium or syndicated investment.
Definition.
In a club deal, the investor group of private equity firms pools its assets together and makes the acquisition collectively.
The practice has allowed private equity to purchase larger and more expensive companies than each firm could acquire through its own private equity funds.
By syndicating the equity ownership across a group of investment firms, each firm reduces its concentration and is able to maintain the diversification of its portfolio of investments.
History.
In the US, syndicated investment began as early as 1870 with a Pennsylvania Railroad offering.
In the 1920s several syndicates existed for the purchase and sale of securities.
In 2007, private plaintiffs filed a first class action law suit against 13 private equity firms for conspiring in club deals to keep buyout prices down, followed by two more in the ensuing years, which the court consolidated and scaled down against 11 equity firms.
In September 2014 a judge will decide whether the plaintiffs can be considered a class whether to approve the settlements.
The Carlyle Group is the only hold out that has not settled yet.
Financial characteristics and outcomes.
However, the lower premiums disappeared with increasing percentage of institutional ownership in the target company, maybe because of institutional owners greater bargaining power for a higher price.
On average, club deals were larger in transaction size than sole-sponsor buyouts, but fewer than 20 percent were larger than the largest sole-sponsor buyouts in the last four years.
Premiums were lower in club deals announced prior to 2006 than since then.
Club deals were no less risky as measured by return volatility and beta, than a sole-sponsor buyout.
Even when controlling for size, risk and leverage ratios, club deals required more lenders than sole-sponsor buyouts.
According to authors of the 2010 study, the prevalence of syndication suggested a diseconomy associated with venture capital firm scale.
Criticism.
In 2006 the US Department of Justice, concerned with bid rigging, opened an investigation of private equity firms regarding their participation in consortiums in past sales.
Institutional investors investing as limited partners in private equity funds criticize the practice of club deals that results in holdings in the same investment through different funds.
Large limited partners have preferred to support large leveraged buyouts through equity co-investments alongside the leading financial sponsor.
A Bishop Cam steering box was a simple but adequate screw and follower design of steering box for vehicles.
It took its name from being manufactured by a special method of cutting steering gears which had been patented by Reginald Bishop of London in the early 1920s.
It was made in England by Cam Gears Limited of Luton later known as TRW Cam Gears Limited.
Used by most quantity-produced British small cars from the 1920s to the 1950s the boxes were manufactured for Cam Gears by their Luton associate George Kent Ltd. Kent's main business was the manufacture of instruments, controls and meters measuring the flow of liquids.
Quinan, (located on Highway 308) is a small French Acadian village in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, about 20 minutes inland from the town of Yarmouth and has approximately 320 inhabitants.
History.
In the 18th and 19th centuries the community was called "The Forks" or "Tusket Forks" due the Tusket River passing through the village which stretches out in three branches, the Upper Tusket River, the Lower Tusket River and the Quinan River.
On May 15, 1885, the community held a public meeting and unanimously votedchange the name of their community to Quinan to honour Father John J. Quinan, a Roman Catholic priest, who served as the parish priest from 1860 to 1867.
Every year, during the Labour Day weekend in September, the community welcomes people from everywhere for their Annual Labour Day Picnic.
In 2008, Quinan celebrated its 125th Annual Picnic which has activities like bingo, rose tables and rides.
Each Spring, the community hosts a Wild Game Evening that includes a supper and auction that attracts more people than can be served.
Quinan is well known for its fishing and hunting places.
Many famous people have visited the village, including Babe Ruth in the fall of 1935.
In the past decade, Quinan has been known for having widespread flooding.
Intel Extreme Masters Fall 2021 Europe (IEM Fall 2021 EU) was a "" (CSGO) tournament organized by German company ESL and sponsored by American corporation Intel.
Part of the sixteenth season of Intel Extreme Masters and one of the six events under the IEM Fall 2021 tournament, the event was used by Valve as the final Regional Major Ranking (RMR) event, to determine the participants of the PGL Major Stockholm 2021.
The event was preceded by four qualifier events starting on August 28, which culminated in the Closed qualifier on September 18, determining the final twelve participants for event.
The event started on September 29, with the group stage, where the teams were split equal between four groups.
The two best performing teams of each group advanced to the quarterfinals.
NIP's Nicolai "dev1ce" Reedtz, was named the MVP by both "HLTV" and ESL.
Background.
The European imprint of the tournament was held between September 29 and October 10, 2021, on LAN in Stockholm, Sweden.
Twenty-four teams, twelve invited, with the other twelve qualifieng through a series of qualifiers, competing for , 2015 ESL Pro Tour Points and nearly 19,000 regional major ranking points.
It was the third and final Valve-sanctioned event of the year, to determine the participants of the sixteenth , the PGL Major Stockholm 2021 and the first since in September 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Eight days prior, Valve released CSGO's eleventh Operation, "Riptide", alongside two gameplay changes.
Firstly, they blocked the visibility at the middle position on the map Dust 2 and made grenades dropable, a feature previously only available to all guns in the game.
Due to the nature of IEM Fall 2021 being a Valve sanctioned event, it had to be played on the new patch including these changes.
Qualifiers.
Intel Extreme Masters Fall 2021 Europe was preceded by four, open qualifier events, in which two teams each could advance to the closed qualifier, to determine the events finals twelve teams.
The winners of the semi-finals, would advance to the closed qualifier.
Following three brackets, starting with a round of 64, sixteen teams again qualified, including LDLC and cowana, who previously failed in qualifier two.
The fourth and final open qualifier had more than 250 teams sign up and started with a round of 256, where more popular teams directly advanced to the round of 128.
Through hundreds of teams, eight teams qualified for the closed and final qualifier for the event.
The event started with a round of 16, where the winners of the individual matches would be qualified for IEM Fall 2021 Europe.
Playoffs.
Finals summary.
NIP were already qualified as a legend for the major, while ENCE already accumulated enough points to start in the challengers category.
The final was the sole match of the tournament to be played as a best of five.
Due to the map pool being seven maps, the teams had to play most of the maps.
NIP banned Vertigo, while ENCE did not want to play Inferno.
NIP picked Overpass and Ancient, while ENCE chose Mirage and Nuke.
Dust 2 was left over.
ENCE started map one, Overpass, strong with a win of the pistol round.
NIP fought right back, killing their enemies for the next three rounds and the bomb exploding once.
The second half started strong for ENCE who were able to eliminate the enemy team in the first three rounds.
NIP's dev1ce lead all players with 26 kills, with ENCE's Spinx made 20 kills.
On ENCE's first map pick Mirage, NIP heavily struggled against them.
In the first half, NIP were only able to convert four rounds.
The only member to have an above average "HLTV" rating was hampus with 1.25, while the entire ENCE squad had a rating above hampus'.
NIP went into their second map Ancient as the favorites, based on the teams performance on the map in EPL XIV and IEM Fall.
The remainder of the first half saw a back and forth, with the final score at half time being 8 to 7 for ENCE.
With the win of the pistol round, ENCE used its momentum winning the first five rounds of half two.
ENCE were able to convert the following round, but succumb to NIP in round thirty.
On the fourth and final map Nuke, NIP went up to an incredible start, winning 11 out of the first four rounds.
The second half started good for ENCE.
NIP followed with pistol only eco round win and following round 19, ENCE looked overwhelmed and were not able to convert a single round in their favor again.
Over the four map series, dev1ce achieved the most kills and had the highest "HLTV" rating, with 1.36.
Post event.
Through their performance, NIP received 2500 RMR points, for a total of 3988 points, making them Europe's best-performing team.
NIP were also awarded with 500 EPT points, placing them eighth on the leaderboard for IEM Katowice 2022, with 1960 points NIP's AWPer Nicolai 'dev1ce' Reedtz was awarded the most valuable player (MVP) for the tournament, both by "HLTV" and ESL, his first since joining the Swedish squad in April 2021.
For dev1ce it was the 29th major trophy, while REZ received his second one.
For LNZ, Plopski and hampus it was the first one.
Movistar Riders became the first Spanish squad to qualify for a CSGO major.
On October 11, FunPlus Phoenix announced that Hunter 'Lucid' Tucker had left the organization, due to "time zone difference with the team, with the hours affecting his mental health and sleep schedule."
He played for the Bulgaria men's national ice hockey team at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.
Lawson Duncan (born October 26, 1964) is a retired American tennis player.
The right-hander reached his highest Association of Tennis Professionals singles ranking on May 20, 1985, when he became world No.
47.
His best performance in a grand slam tennis tournament was the 1989 French Open, where he reached the fourth round.
A pioneer of the heavy topspin game, he was an All-America at Clemson University his freshman year before turning pro.
He plays in exhibition matches against longtime friend and former pro Tim Wilkison during special banquets in the Asheville area.
Duncan graduated from Asheville High School in 1983.
Biography. "ten thousand" or chief of ten thousand).
He married a Goryeo-Korean lady from Anbyeon, who became Queen Uihye, the mother of Yi Seong-gye.
He died in Hamgyong in 1361.
Since he was glamorized by his descendants, descriptions of Yi Ja-chun's life tend to be contradictory to each other.
For example, he is said to have risen to the rank of scholar-official.
Maryse Warda (born 1961) is an Egyptian Canadian translator.
She primarily translates English plays of Canadian origin into French.
Her work is described as being "faithful to the original with an unostentatious use of Quebec idiom".
Biography.
She first learned English from watching "Happy Days" on television.
At the time, she did not intend to pursue a career in translation.
Bernard persuaded her to translate her first play, "Brilliant Traces" by Cindy Lou Johnson.
In 2002, she began working for the National Theatre School of Canada, holding the position of associate director general.
Warda later stated that she had never expected to win, as she had not expected a play to be chosen for the award.
Escape Goat is a puzzle-platform game developed and published by independent developer MagicalTimeBean, for the Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, and Nintendo Switch.
Gameplay.
The game is played by guiding a goat through various rooms, in attempt to have them escape a prison. there are several objects that can assist or hinder the goats progress.
Goat abilities.
Z - the goat performs a jump. if coming in contact with ice, the mouse will turn around and continue running in the opposite direction. the mouse can trigger switches, and other objects. the mouse cannot trigger skull switches, which require the goat to trigger them himself. multiple mice cannot be released at the same time, and if the mouse is hurt, it will simply teleport back to the goat, ready to be deployed again. up arrow key causes the goat to enter a door it is touching.
Block - the most basic object, coming in 4 varieties. if it is activated, it goes forward. otherwise, it goes back. the fire kills living things it touches. if it faces toward the goat or the mouse, and they are in front of it, will shoot fire. if they fall off the world, they are automatically used and will act as if the goat touched them. will give you a key to the door if you encounter one out of the hub area.
Reception.
Rock, Paper, Shotgun reviewer John Walker recommended the game saying that it was short but enjoyable.
Legacy.
A sequel to the game titled "Escape Goat 2" was announced in January 2013 and released on March 24, 2014.
The game has a new art style, new puzzles, and new magical hats which grant the player character various powers.
"Escape Goat 2" was published and promoted by Double Fine Productions' publishing label Double Fine Presents.
Carol Bressanutti (born 14 April 1993) is an Italian former competitive figure skater.
She has won seven senior international medals.
At the 2012 World Junior Championships, she qualified for the free skate and finished 18th.
Guangximen Station () is a station on Line 13 of the Beijing Subway.
It is located south of the interchange of North 3rd Ring Road East and the southern terminus of the Jingcheng Expressway, known as Taiyanggong Bridge ().
Station layout.
The station has 2 at-grade side platforms.
Exits.
There are 2 exits, lettered A and B.
Born in Great Horton, Bradford, Yorkshire, England, and registered as Abram Sowden, he was a successful batsman for Bingley C.C. from 1875 to 1893 and for Bradford C.C. from 1893 to 1901.
In ten first-class matches he scored 163 runs, with a best score of 37 against Kent, and he took one catch.
He bowled right arm fast with a round arm action, but conceded 70 runs without success.
S-Series is a fleet of sounding rockets funded by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) that have been in service since the late 1960s.
Manufactured by IHI Aerospace and operated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS).
The nomenclature of the S-Series rockets is the number of "S"s indicates the number of stages, and the following number details the diameter of the craft in millimeters.
On January 14, 2017, the SS-520-4 rocket (modified sounding rocket) attempted to become the lightest and smallest launch vehicle to send a payload to orbit, however, the rocket failed to reach orbit.
A second attempt was made on February 3, 2018.
This time, the rocket reached orbit and successfully deployed TRICOM-1R (Tasuki), a 3U CubeSat.
Its 2018 launch made it the smallest orbital rocket both in mass and height.
S-160.
A retired single stage Japanese sounding rocket.
It was launched 13 times between 1965 and 1972.
S-210.
A retired single-stage sounding rocket developed by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science of the University of Tokyo, predecessor of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), to study the ionosphere.
A variant S-210JA was launched from Japan's Antarctic base.
The first S-210 launch took place in 1966, and was retired in 1982.
After redesign of the case and improved quality control the subsequent launch in August 1969 was successful.
The S-210, like other rockets in the series, used a solid rocket motor.
The fuel grain of the motor included Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), making it better suited for the cold temperatures of the Antarctic launch site.
It was built to replace the smaller S-160 rocket which was a proof-of-concept design rocket.
S-310.
The S-310 is an active single-stage sounding rocket.
Like its predecessor the S-210 it was developed for observations in Antarctica.
As of January 10, 2020 the S-310 has completed 57 sub-orbital launches, with its most recent launch occurring on January 9, 2020.
S-520.
The S-520 was developed to replace the K-9M and K-10 type sounding rockets.
The first launch took place in 1980, and most recently flew on 11 August 2022 (UTC).
SS-520.
This version is a two-stage sounding rocket or three-stage orbital rocket, which uses S-520 as the first stage.
Unlike the previous S-Series rockets, the SS-520 is intended to demonstrate how small an orbital launch vehicle can be.
The first two SS-520s were launched in 1998 and 2000 respectively and successfully carried their payloads on sub-orbital missions.
After further development and the addition of a third stage, the fourth and fifth instances of the SS-520 were launched on full orbital trajectories.
SS-520-4.
This is the fourth vehicle configuration of the SS-520.
It is engineered to place the payload into an orbital speed of more than .
It is a technology demonstration with no serial production planned.
Its maiden launch was supposed to have taken place on 10 January 2017, however it was delayed due to inclement weather (wind speeds).
It was launched January 14, 2017, but failed to reach orbit due to a loss of telemetry.
Telemetry was lost 20 seconds into flight. 3 minutes into the flight, controllers sent an abort code commanding the second stage not to ignite after separation and the rocket fell into the ocean within the range safety area.
SS-520-5.
 is a private university in Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
The predecessor of the school was founded in 1920.
Sonic Dash is a 2013 endless runner mobile game developed by Hardlight and published by Japanese game studio Sega.
It is Hardlight's second "Sonic the Hedgehog" game, the first being 2012's "Sonic Jump".
The game was released in March 2013 for iOS, November 2013 for Android, and December 2014 for Windows Phone and Windows, along with an arcade release in November 2015 as Sonic Dash Extreme.
It was initially released as a paid application, but was made free-to-play a month after its iOS release.
The goal of "Sonic Dash" is to avoid obstacles and enemies while collecting rings.
In mission mode, players must complete objectives.
Players can compete for higher positions on leaderboards.
Rings, which can be earned through gameplay or purchased in app, allow access to upgrades and additional characters.
Hardlight, a British development studio owned by Sega, began developing "Sonic Dash" after completing "Sonic Jump".
Selection of the game for development came from the insistence of parent company Sega Sammy Holdings president and COO Haruki Satomi.
Although the game received mixed reviews, "Sonic Dash" reached downloads in September 2021.
Hardlight continues to support the game with updates, additional characters, and features.
Sequels have also been produced based on "Sonic Boom" and "Sonic Forces".
Gameplay.
"Sonic Dash" is an endless runner, similar to "Temple Run" (2011) and "Rayman Jungle Run" (2012).
The player directs Sonic or another character through levels, collecting rings and avoiding obstacles and enemies.
Unlike other games in the series, Sonic automatically moves forward at all times, similar to "Sonic and the Secret Rings".
Players are able to share and compete for position on leaderboards.
The game features 3D graphics, including a level set in an environment based on the Seaside Hill level of "Sonic Heroes".
Rings can be collected throughout the levels or purchased via microtransactions, along with red star rings.
Accumulated rings and red star rings can be used to purchase power-ups, upgrades, or unlock additional playable characters.
The game also features a mission system, giving players an objective to target as they play the game.
The game features several playable characters from the "Sonic" universe.
Characters are unlocked by purchasing them with red star rings or real-world currency.
After the game's release, further updates added additional characters and new features.
On October 31, 2013, an update was released that included a boss battle against Zazz, a member of the Deadly Six from "Sonic Lost World".
A similar boss battle against Doctor Eggman was added in a later update.
Several characters from other non-Sega franchises have been added to the game as part of temporary cross-promotional events, available to unlock only during a limited time period.
The Android version of the game also features an exclusive character in the form of the Android robot.
Content themed around the live-action "Sonic the Hedgehog" films and IDW comic series has been added, as well as a "Zone Builder" feature.
Development and release.
"Sonic Dash" was developed by Hardlight, a development studio under Sega Europe.
Hardlight was founded by Chris Southall, a former Codemasters employee who helped to found Sega Racing Studio.
According to Southall, Sega's desire to develop more mobile games led to Hardlight's foundation in 2012.
Around the time of Hardlight's relaunch of "Sonic Jump" in October 2012, the studio was working on "Sonic the Hedgehog" and "Crazy Taxi" games.
Although initially faced with difficulty deciding which to develop, Sega Sammy Holdings president and chief operating officer (COO) Haruki Satomi saw a demo of "Sonic Dash" and liked it so much that he insisted it be developed.
Southall stated that the concept for "Sonic Dash" began with looking at elements of "Sonic" games and deciding what gameplay aspects would work on a mobile phone.
He called an into-the-screen running game an "obvious thing" and not unlike some sequences in the console game series.
"Sonic Dash" was initially scheduled for a Christmas 2012 release, but was delayed to March 2013.
In a November 2012 interview with UK toy trade magazine "Toys 'n' Playthings", Sega Europe employee Sissel Henno confirmed that Sega would have "several new digital titles" in 2013.
On February 28, 2013, the title "Sonic Dash" was spotted on a listing from a LinkedIn profile.
On March 1, 2013, Sega announced the game, with an official press release going out on March 4.
The game was announced as an exclusive for mobile phones, with iOS the only platform explicitly mentioned, stating that it would be available on the App Store "soon".
Although the game was initially released as a paid application, it was made free-to-play a month later.
According to Southall, the decision to make the app free took significant internal discussion.
He stated, "Coming from a long console history, the concept of free-to-play for a company like Sega was a hot topic for discussion."
An Android version was released on November 26, 2013, and a Windows Phone and PC release occurred on December 3, 2014.
An arcade cabinet version was also released as "Sonic Dash Extreme", after being revealed at the IAAPA Attractions Expo in Orlando, Florida in November 2015.
According to Southall in a November 2017 interview, Hardlight was continuing to work on updates for "Sonic Dash".
In a February 2020 interview, new Hardlight studio manager Neall Jones expressed the studio's surprise at the longevity of "Sonic Dash", having been downloaded more than 350 million times and earned more than US.
He spoke on the implementation of new features to keep the game interesting, as well as additions from the "Sonic the Hedgehog" film.
In July 2023, a revised version known as "" was released via Netflix to coincide with the second season of "Sonic Prime".
Reception and downloads.
Review aggregator Metacritic labeled "Sonic Dash" as having "mixed or average reviews".
Scott Nichols of "Digital Spy" referred to it as "the best Sonic has played on a smartphone yet", while Jim Squires of "Gamezebo" lauded the game for being "the first time in 20 years that Sega has put out a "Sonic" game that you absolutely have to play".
David Craddock of "TouchArcade" compared "Sonic Dash" favorably to the special stages in "Sonic the Hedgehog 2".
Chris Carter of "Destructoid" praised the controls, finding that the "swipe"-based motions worked better than the tilt-based ones typical of the endless runner genre.
"Edge" praised the smoothness of the gameplay and quality of the graphics, but criticized the "cruel" placement of the enemies behind obstacles.
Justin Davis of "IGN" praised the snappy, responsive controls but criticized the enemy placement.
Harry Slater of "Pocket Gamer" said the game's speed makes it more challenging than other endless runners.
Carter criticized the repetitiveness and in-app purchases that ranged from "not needed" to "pretty damn annoying".
Rich Stanton of "Eurogamer" felt that the in-app purchases were motivated by greed.
"Edge" said the level design "feels like it was made with in-app Continue purchases specifically in mind".
A review for "MacLife" said "Sonic Dash" "fumbles the fundamentals and aggravates with heavy-handed in-app purchases".
In March 2013, the game received more than downloads.
By June 2015, "Sonic Dash" had been downloaded over 100 million times across multiple different platforms, and had 14 million players per month.
By November 2017, "Sonic Dash" download count was over 300 million, and was over 350 million by March 2020. , the game reached downloads.
In September 2021, the download count surpassed 500 million.
Sequels.
For the iOS version, the game included compatibility with the Apple Watch via a companion app.
Like the original game, "Sonic Dash 2" has received "mixed or average reviews" according to Metacritic.
It has been downloaded over 100 million times.
A mobile tie-in to "Sonic Forces", "", was released in 2017.
It features similar gameplay to "Sonic Dash", but is based on competitive online multiplayer.
Ric Cowley of "Pocket Gamer" called the game "a lot of fun to play, though it's probably best off experienced in short bursts".
Origins.
Career.
He was educated in Leyden and the Inner Temple.
In 1659 he was elected Member of Parliament for Honiton, Devon, and in 1660 for Lyme Regis, Dorset, in the Convention Parliament.
He inherited the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1663.
In 1667 he was elected MP for Dartmouth in Devon, and sat until his death in 1670.
He purchased the manor of Mohuns Ottery intending to move there from Colyton, but died before his planned new mansion house there was completed.
According to the Devon historian Polwhele (died 1838), he "had begun to build a seat at the ancient mansion of Mohuns Ottery in the parish of Luppitt, near Ottery, but Sir Walter Yonge, taking a liking to the situation of Escot, purchased it and immediately began to build the present seat".
Mimela junii is a species of shining leaf chafer belonging to the family Scarabaeidae subfamily Rutelinae.
These scarabs are mainly present in Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland.
The head, pronotum and the inner margin of elytra are metallic-green, antennae are reddish, while elytra are coppery-brown, with longitudinal darker stripes.
The adults can be encountered from June (hence the Latin word "junii") through July on flowers, especially on elder flowers ("Sambucus" species).
Elizabeth V. Spelman is a philosopher in the United States.
She is currently a professor at Smith College.
She is a Barbara Richmond 1940 Professor in the Humanities.
Due to this position she currently resides in Northampton, Massachusetts.
Studies.
Critical race theory is "a critical examination of society and culture, to the intersection of race, law, and power".
However, Spelman's interpretation of this theory also involves women.
This book focuses on her studies of race and gender together.
She believes politics and interactions between humans cannot be separated from our emotions.
They influence one another.
The emotion that is focused on in this book is that of human suffering.
Her studies regard what can come about from suffering.
She notes that not all things that come about from suffering are bad.
In this book she attempts to discover the meaning and significance of human suffering.
Her studies involve the suffering of oneself as well as that of others.
This book ties into her other piece, Fruits of Sorrow.
While that book shows the imperfections of life, e.g. the fact that things break, this piece shows humans' needs to fix them.
Her book delves into what makes humans human.
We naturally attempt to fix things that are broken or wrong in our lives.
Influences on feminist philosophy.
Spelman presents many ideas that impact the branch of feminist philosophy.
Spelman "holds that social conditioning creates femininity" and therefore all around the world a definition of femininity is different.
Though she does believe that women raised in different cultures are different, she also believes all women have something in common to one another.
Another point that Spelman emphasizes is that of social standings.
Just like men, women are treated differently based upon race, religion, sexual orientation, etc.
Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station (Niagara Falls Air Force Base -1971) is an Air Force Reserve Command military installation operationally gained by Air Mobility Command.
It is located adjacent to Niagara Falls International Airport, New York, east-northeast of Niagara Falls, New York.
The station is the last "federal" USAF installation in the state, the other remaining USAF installations falling under the Air National Guard).
The host unit for the base is the 914th Air Refueling Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command which operates the KC-135 Stratotanker.
The 107th Attack Wing of the New York Air National Guard is also stationed at the base.
A Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) for all five branches of the U.S. is also located at the station.
Both the 914 ARW and 107 ATW number in excess of 3,000 military personnel.
History.
The Army's Air Service had begun operations in western New York by 1917 when a school for photofinishers opened in Rochester.
Niagara Falls Airport opened at Niagara Falls, New York, in 1928 as a city-owned municipal airport with four crushed-stone runways.
Bell Aircraft Corporation completed a manufacturing plant in Wheatfield adjacent to the airport for World War II military pursuit planes in 1941 and the 3522d Army Air Force Base Unit managed the airport and coordinated use of the airfield.
Bell Modification Center.
The Bell Modification Center at the Niagara Falls Airport was 1 of 21 built by Materiel Command in 1942 "to fit the mass production aircraft models to the needs of the specific theaters of operations".
Military units at Niagara Falls included a Modification Center Headquarters and a training school, "Niagara Falls East Tr Sch" (a different modification center, "Buffalo Mun-Mod Ctr B", was located at the 1925 Buffalo Municipal Airport).
Naval air station.
The Naval Air Station Niagara Falls was established in 1946 and the installation was expanded.
Jurisdiction of the airport returned to a civilian agency later in 1946 (a USAF joint-use agreement was made for Air Force Reserve and NYANG use of the airport).
Continental Air Command's First Air Force assigned the Air Force Reserve's 90th Reconnaissance Wing to the military installation on 26 December 1946, followed by the 26th Reconnaissance Group (23 October 1947) and the 4th Reconnaissance Squadron.
The reconnaissance units were inactivated on 27 June 1949, and the New York Air National Guard's 107th Fighter Group was federalized on 8 December 1948 (initially equipped with TAC P-47 Thunderbolts). 107th personnel deployed in March 1951 to the Far East Air Forces for the Korean War.
Air Defense Command (ADC) assumed jurisdiction of the Niagara Falls military installation and the federalized 136th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.
USAF base.
Niagara Falls Air Force Base (NFAFB) was established by 1955 after the 76th Air Base Squadron was activated in February 1952 as the host unit.
Following Korea operations, the 107th converted to F-51 Mustangs and was reassigned to Air Defense Command.
The 136th FIS was returned to state control when ADC activated the 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 December 1952 as a replacement.
The 47th FIS initially used the F-47s of the 135th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.
NFAFB activated the 518th Air Defense Group on 16 February 1953 (designated 15th Fighter Group on 18 August 1955 under Project Arrow) and upgraded to F-86F Sabres in February 1953 (F-86D in September).
The Air Force Reserve's 445th Fighter-Bomber Group with F-84 Thunderjets moved to Niagara Falls from Buffalo Airport on 15 June 1955 and moved to Memphis on 16 November 1957.
In 1959 a NFAFB helicopter crashed in Letchworth State Park searching for an 83-year-old professor emeritus, and in 1961 an F-100 from the base crashed into the Niagara Gorge.
Air reserve station.
In 1971 the 914th assumed command of the installation from active duty units and switched from C-119 to C-130A Hercules aircraft.
At the same time, the 107th converted to McDonnell F-101 Voodoo interceptors.
The 1985 Niagara Falls A-4 collision of Blue Angels at the Western New York Air Show '85 was "in front of a reviewing stand" (1 pilot killed.)
The 914th received C-130E aircraft in 1986, and was the first to convert to the Air Force's more advanced C-130, the H-3, in late 1992.
The 107th received F-4C Phantoms, then F-4Ds and in 1990, F-16ADF Fighting Falcons.
In 1994, the 107th Fighter Group switched to an aerial refueling mission, becoming the 107th Air Refueling Group and then the 107th Air Refueling Wing (107 ARW) in 1995.
The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended closing the "United States Army Reserve Center and Army Maintenance Support Activity, Niagara Falls".
In 2007, the 107 ARW was advised that it would change missions again to that of theater airlift, sharing C-130 Hercules aircraft as an ANG "Associate" unit to the 914 AW and re-designating as the 107th Airlift Wing (107 AW) in 2008.
In 2012, it was announced that federal budget reductions due to sequestration would force yet another mission change on the 107 AW.
The 107 AW flew its last airlift mission in December 2015 and in 2017 was redesignated as the 107th Attack Wing (107 ATKW), while all C-130H2 aircraft and operations remained with the 914 AW.
The USGS added the military station to the Geographic Names Information System on November 17, 2008.
Since 2011, the Army Reserve's 277th Quartermaster Company has provided support for fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft operations.
In 2016, it was announced that the 914th would replace their aging C-130 aircraft with eight KC-135 Stratotankers.
The conversion was included in the 2017 budget and changed the 914th's mission to an air refueling role with a subsequent re-designation as the 914th Air Refueling Wing (914 ARW).
Army Reserve Presence.
Three Army Reserve units call the Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station home.
All three are located in the Armed Forces Reserve Center (AFRC) which was built in 2013.
Institutionalized Riot Systems (IRS) is a term invented by prof. Paul Brass in 2004 in his book The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India with regards to the Indian politics.
The most important people in this phase are 'fire tenders', who keep Hindu-Muslim tensions alive through various inflammatory and inciting acts.
In this phase another group of people come forward, who lead and address mobs of potential rioters and give a signal to indicate if and when violence should start.
These leaders are called 'conversion specialists'.
They usually lead the mob of criminals from poor background, who were recruited and rewarded for practicing the violence.
Politicians and vernacular media plays a major role in this phase.
Violence is presented as spontaneous, religious, mass-based, unpredictable and impossible to prevent.
Social scientists start the process of blame displacement to save those who are most responsible for the production of violence, and instead diffuses blame widely.
This contributes to the perpetuation of violent productions in future, as well as the order that sustains them.
Prof. Paul Brass explains that it is because of this system that Hindu-Muslim riots in India often turned into pogroms and massacres of Muslims, in which few Hindus are killed.
Career.
Born in Zhytomyr, Khotsyanovskyi is a product of the Polissya Zhytomyr, Dynamo Kyiv and UFK Lviv sportive schools.
In summer 2015 Khotsyanovskyi signed contract with FC Stal Kamianske and played in the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves.
Rupert Psmith (or Ronald Eustace Psmith, as he is called in the last of the four books in which he appears) is a recurring fictional character in several novels by British author P. G. Wodehouse, being one of Wodehouse's best-loved characters.
The P in his surname is silent ("as in pshrimp", in his own words) and was added by himself, in order to distinguish him from other Smiths.
A member of the Drones Club, Psmith is a monocle-sporting Old Etonian.
He is something of a dandy, a fluent and witty speaker, and has the ability to pass through incredible adventures unruffled.
Origins.
Carte was a school acquaintance of a cousin of Wodehouse at Winchester College, according to an introduction to "Leave It to Psmith".
Rupert's daughter, Bridget D'Oyly Carte, however, believed that the Wykehamist schoolboy described to Wodehouse was not her father but his elder brother Lucas, who was also at Winchester.
Benny Green offers the theory that Psmith was partially based on Henry Hyndman, an eccentric Victorian demagogue who founded the Socialist Democratic Federation, the first major Marxist political organisation in England.
Similarly, Psmith is Wodehouse's most socialist-leaning character, frequently referring to other individuals as 'Comrade'.
Hyndman was also known for his fastidious dress and for being an accomplished cricketer in his youth.
Appearances and names.
Psmith appears in four novel-length works, all of which appeared as magazine serials before being published in book form.
All these works also feature Mike Jackson, Psmith's solid, cricket-playing friend and sidekick, the original hero and central character of "Mike" and "Psmith in the City" until he was eclipsed by Psmith's wit and force of personality.
In his first appearance (in "Mike", "Enter Psmith" or "Mike and Psmith", depending on edition) Psmith introduces himself as Rupert.
He is also referred to as Rupert twice in "Psmith in the City".
In "Leave it to Psmith", however, he introduces himself as Ronald Eustace.
In the United States version of "The Prince and Betty", essentially a reworking of "Psmith, Journalist" that's been relocated to New York City and merged with some elements of the United Kingdom version, the Psmith character is replaced by Rupert Smith, an American and alumnus of Harvard who retains many of Psmith's characteristics, including the monocle.
"A Prince for Hire" is another blending of these stories.
"Leave It to Psmith" differs somewhat in style from its predecessors.
While "Mike" is a school story along the lines of much of Wodehouse's early output, and "Psmith in the City" and "Psmith, Journalist" are youthful adventures, Psmith's final appearance fits the pattern of Wodehouse's more mature period, a romantic comedy set in the idyllic, invariably imposter-ridden Blandings Castle.
Here, Psmith fulfils the role of the ingenious, levelheaded fixer, a part taken elsewhere by the likes of Gally, Uncle Fred, or Jeeves, and finally shows a romantic streak of his own.
Though predating both Jeeves and Uncle Fred by some years, Psmith seems to be a combination of both characters, on the one hand imbued with Jeeves' precision of speech and concern for being well turned out, and on the other hand expressing Uncle Fred's humorous self-expression and insouciant attitude.
Life and character.
We first meet Psmith shortly after he has been expelled from Eton, and sent to Sedleigh, where he meets Mike, and their long friendship begins.
He is a tall and thin boy, immaculately dressed, and sports his trademark monocle.
His speech is fluid and flowery.
Psmith spends much of his time at Sedleigh lounging in deck chairs rather than engaging in physical activity.
This skill frequently comes in handy to get himself and his friends out of difficulty.
In such circumstances, he is known to move fairly quickly too.
While at Eton, he was a competent cricketer, on the verge of the first team - a slow left-arm bowler with a swerve, his enormous reach also makes him handy with a bat when some fast hitting is required, such as in the match between Sedleigh and Wrykyn at the climax of "Mike and Psmith".
After Sedleigh, Psmith goes to work at the New Asiatic Bank, having annoyed his father's schoolfriend John Bickersdyke.
After a time there, he persuades his father to let him study to become a lawyer, and goes to Cambridge, accompanied by Mike.
During the summer after their first year, Psmith travels to New York, accompanying Mike, who is on a cricketing tour with the M.C.C.
There, he gets involved with the magazine "Cosy Moments", befriending its temporary editor Billy Windsor and helping in its crusade against slum housing, which involves clashes with violent gangsters.
We discover in the last chapter, when the head editor returns, that Psmith has persuaded his father to let him invest some money he has inherited from an uncle and now owns the magazine.
After university, his father dies, having made some unsound investments.
As a result, Psmith must work for a time for an uncle in the fish business, something which repels him.
He leaves the job shortly before meeting and falling for Eve Halliday, whom he follows to Blandings Castle.
Despite having entered the castle claiming to be Canadian poet Ralston McTodd, he is eventually hired as secretary to Lord Emsworth, who knew his father by reputation, and is engaged to Eve Halliday.
In a preface to the 1953 version of "Mike and Psmith", Wodehouse informs us that Psmith went on to become a successful defence lawyer, in the style of Perry Mason.
In his introduction to the omnibus "The World of Psmith" (1974), Wodehouse suggests that Psmith eventually became a judge.
Psmith is a principled young man and is generous towards those he likes.
In a typical example from "Leave it to Psmith", he perceives Eve, trapped by the rain under an awning, and decides, as a chivalrous gentleman, to get her an umbrella, which he unfortunately does not possess.
Other people are content to talk about the Redistribution of Property.
I go out and do it."
(Another of Psmith's quirks is his penchant for nominal socialism, observed mostly in his casual use of "Comrade" as a substitute for "Mister.")
Adaptations.
In the 1930 play "Leave It to Psmith" adapted from the novel by Wodehouse and Ian Hay, Psmith was portrayed by Basil Foster, with Jane Baxter as Eve Halliday.
The 1933 film based on the play, "Leave It to Me", replaced Psmith with a different character, Sebastian Help, who was portrayed by Gene Gerrard, with Molly Lamont as Eve Halliday.
Simon Ward voiced Psmith, with Caroline Langrishe as Eve Halliday, in the radio adaptation of "Leave it to Psmith" dramatised by Michael Bakewell, which aired on BBC Radio 4 on 3 October 1981.
Psmith was portrayed by Daniel Day-Lewis in the BBC television film "Thank You, P. G. Wodehouse".
The film aired on 16 October 1981.
In the BBC radio adaptation of "Psmith in the City" dramatised by Marcy Kahan, which first aired in four parts in 2008, Nick Caldecott voiced Psmith, with Inam Mirza as Mike Jackson.
The Gibson Les Paul Custom is a higher-end variation of the Gibson Les Paul guitar.
It was developed in 1953 after Gibson had introduced the Les Paul model in 1952.
History.
In late 1953, a more luxurious version was introduced, most probably on specific request by Les Paul himself, as he wanted a more luxurious and classy looking guitar.
He requested a black guitar as he wanted it to "look like a tuxedo".
Nicknamed the Black Beauty, the guitar had a mahogany body and neck, ebony fret board, and mother of pearl block inlays on the fret board.
The "Split Diamond" inlay on the headstock was taken from the carved archtop Super 400, which was the top of the Gibson line.
The pickups were a P-90 in the bridge position and an Alnico V pickup (nicknamed the staple pickup), newly designed by Seth Lover, in the neck position.
The frets are low and flat, as opposed to the usual medium jumbo frets found on other Les Paul customs, and the guitar soon was given the nickname "The Fretless Wonder".
The 1954 Les Paul Custom also saw the introduction of Gibson's new bridge, the ABR-1.
The new Custom also shipped with a different case from the Standard, using a black and gold case instead of the brown and pink case that was the top-of-the-line case for the Les Paul Standard models.
In mid-1957, Gibson began to equip the Les Paul Custom with the new PAF (Patent Applied For) pickup designed by Seth Lover.
Most Customs have three PAFs, though there are a small number that have the traditional two-pickup configuration.
By 1958, Gibson had replaced the Kluson tuners with Grover Rotomatics.
It is this configuration that remained until the guitar was discontinued in 1960, replaced by the new double cutaway body Les Paul model.
There are a small number of 1961 Les Paul Customs that were made with the single cutaway body before the transition to the new, SG-style body was complete.
The Les Paul Custom remained a double cutaway model until 1963, when Les Paul's endorsement with Gibson ended, and the guitar was subsequently renamed the SG Custom.
In 1968, Gibson re-introduced the Les Paul Custom as a two-pickup model.
In 1969, Norlin acquired Gibson, and the Les Paul Custom saw many changes in the "Norlin Era".
The solid-mahogany body was replaced in late 1969 with a "pancake" body (a two piece mahogany body with a thin slice of maple in between), which was discontinued in 1976, however you could still find them as late as 1979.
The mahogany neck was replaced with a three-piece maple neck in 1975 (discontinued around 1982), a "Made in USA" stamp was added to the back of the headstock, and a volute was added to the back of the neck to strengthen the thinnest part of the neck, just below the headstock (also discontinued in 1982).
In 1974, Gibson released the 20th anniversary Les Paul Custom in white, black, cherry sunburst and honey sunburst finishes (at least those four colors were made) with "20th Anniversary" engraved on the 15th-fret block inlay.
By 1976, the new Nashville bridge began to replace the ABR-1.
In 1977, the "pancake" maple layer was subtracted from the body, though the top was still maple, as was the neck.
It was around this time that the current serial number system appears as well.
In 1975, Gibson began making a number of Customs with maple fingerboards, instead of the typical ebony, which was discontinued by the early 1980s.
From 1979 to 1982 or 1983, Gibson made a limited edition of 75 Les Paul Customs worldwide in the Silverburst color with 2 "Tim Shaw Burstbuckers".
After 1981, the volute was phased out.
In 1984, Gibson closed the Kalamazoo plant, and all production was moved to Nashville.
In 1986, Norlin sold Gibson to a group of investors led by Henry Juszkiewicz.
By the end of the 1980s, the Les Paul Custom specifications feature a mahogany neck with ebony fingerboard, Standard Gibson frets (as opposed to wide, flatter frets), and a smaller headstock, a mahogany body with a maple top, gold hardware, two humbucking pickups, and a Nashville bridge.
Custom ordered Customs.
Les Paul Custom guitars from 2000 to 2003 were specially made to the requirements of the client, as regards fretboard, neck and body woods, and type of hardware, with some models allowing for requests for specific numbers of turns in the pickups' coils, as well.
Individual logo designs and hard cases were also manufactured at the request of the customer.
Specific Custom Shop serial numbers were assigned, encoded with Les Paul Custom's smaller, more compact serial number in the format "CS XXXXX".
The Model 49 is a large cylindrical Swiss anti-personnel stake mine.
The mine is no longer in service with Swiss forces and all operational stocks of the mine have been destroyed.
The mine is normally stake mounted, and uses the ZDZ-39 fuze, which can be operated by either pull or tension release.
Knight Club is a 2001 American film starring Lou Diamond Phillips and directed by Russell Gannon.
Plot.
A failed actor is promoted to head bouncer at one of Los Angeles' hottest nightclubs where he struggles to remain loyal to legendary bouncer Dick Gueron, the leader of the fearsome Knights.
is a biography of Brigham Young by C. V. Waite, first published in 1866.
Impact.
The Can-Am Connection was a tag team composed of Rick Martel and Tom Zenk in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) through 1986 and 1987.
History.
In 1986, Canadian wrestler Rick Martel returned to the WWF with his then tag team partner, American Tom Zenk, as the Can-Am Connection.
The Can-Am Connection had been formed by Martel in the Montreal International Wrestling Association in 1986.
Tom Zenk was the boyfriend of Martel's sister-in-law, and had been introduced to Martel in the AWA by Curt Hennig.
The team made their televised debut in WWF on the November 15, 1986 episode of "Superstars" against the team of Steve Lombardi and Moondog Spot which they won.
The Can Am Connection contested a series of matches with former tag-team champions The Dream Team (Brutus Beefcake and Greg Valentine), the team of Kamala and Sika, and the team of Don Muraco and "Ace" Cowboy Bob Orton, whom they would face and defeat in the opening match of WrestleMania III.
And they faced and ended Demolition (Ax and Smash)'s undefeated streak on June 6, 1987 at the Boston Garden.
The Can-Am Connection's last feud would be against The Islanders (Haku and Tama), a feud that began on "WWF Superstars of Wrestling" in the summer of 1987.
In this match, the Islanders turned heel by revealing their association with manager Bobby "The Brain" Heenan.
Shortly after this match Tom Zenk left the WWF due to a pay dispute with the Can-Am wrestling their last match together on July 9, 1987, against the Islanders.
Until Zenk's death of atherosclerosis and cardiomegaly, he and Rick Martel had differing opinions on the matter of why Tom Zenk left the WWF, all but eliminating the chance of a Can-Am Connection reunion.
The two never reconciled before Zenk's passing in 2017.
WWF ceased acknowledging Zenk by name after his departure, only referring to him as "Rick Martel's former partner" when mentioning the split.
WWE still does not acknowledge Zenk to this day, however, archived footage of some of his matches with both WWF, and later WCW as "The Z-Man," does appear on WWE Network.
The Spinoff.
Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Dental Sciences is a dental school in Karnataka, India.
It is located in Dharwad and was founded in 1986.
It is located at Sattur, Dharwad on National Highway 4.
Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Dental Sciences offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
The college initially started at the campus of S.D.M College of Engineering and Technology and later shifted to its own campus at Sattur in 1990's.
It was founded in 1939.
The bank's headquarters, PBCom Tower, located in Makati, is the second-tallest building in the Philippines.
History.
PBCOM started as the Philippine branch of the Chinese Bank of Communications, which became one of the first non-American foreign commercial banks to operate in the Philippines (foreign because it was under Chinese control at the time) with the granting of its banking license on August 15, 1939.
It was incorporated and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 23 and started operations on September 4.
The bank started operations at the ground floor of the Trade and Commerce Building on Juan Luna Street in Binondo, Manila, with a staff of twenty men, all below the age of thirty and many fresh out of school.
During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, PBCOM followed most other banks at the time and closed operations.
It resumed operations after World War II in 1945 through the infusion of new financial capital, although it had to operate from another building as its main offices at the time were used as the headquarters of General Douglas MacArthur.
Although it was not legally obligated to do so, PBCOM announced that it would honor all pre-war accounts, saying instead that the war and subsequent occupation of the Philippines was merely a long bank holiday that would have no effect on any depositary instrument PBCom had at the time.
A year later, PBCOM would join the Manila Clearing House Association.
On July 15, 1947, PBCOM opened its first provincial branch in Cebu City and leased a lot in front of its main office at the time a year later.
By March 1953, PBCOM's new six-story headquarters was inaugurated.
The bank's trust department was established in 1962 and its headquarters was remodeled in 1964, which included the retrofitting of the building to house Binondo's first escalator.
On June 21, 1974, the then Chinese-owned PBCOM was put under majority Filipino control with the purchase of a majority stake in the bank by Ralph Nubla and his company.
The new management subsequently infused an additional 83 million pesos in capital, and established its treasuries group later in the year.
PBCom was subsequently accredited as a certified government securities dealer in 1981.
PBCOM was listed on the Manila and Makati Stock Exchanges (now the Philippine Stock Exchange) in 1988 and reached an agreement with Filinvest Land to develop its properties on Ayala Avenue.
In May 1997, the property was developed into the 52-storey PBCom Tower, the bank's new headquarters and the tallest building in the Philippines.
PBCOM relocated its original Cebu City branch in 1999 and celebrated its sixtieth anniversary in September 1999. 2.6 billion pesos of fresh capital was infused in 2000 and PBCOM subsequently acquired Consumer Savings Bank, a nineteen-branch savings bank.
The bank moved into PBCOM Tower in 2001, occupying the first ten floors.
Because of the move, PBCOM subsequently refreshed its image with a new logo.
PBCOM issued its first international credit card, a MasterCard issued in joint partnership with Standard Chartered Bank, in 2002.
It subsequently introduced online banking in 2003 and was infused with an additional three billion pesos in fresh capital.
As a show of support, the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation gave PBCOM an additional 7.64 billion pesos in financial enhancement funds, which formed part of PBCOM's comprehensive business plan.
The funds were really used to buy high-yielding government securities that would stop the true sale of any non-performing assets to a special purpose vehicle, or SPV.
The Luy family, the owners of the largest share of PBCOM, refused to discuss the deal.
If it succeeded, it would have moved Philtrust up to the thirteenth largest lender in the country and the transaction would have been the fourth bank merger of that year, after the mergers of Prudential Bank into BPI, International Exchange Bank into Union Bank of the Philippines and the Banco de Oro-Equitable PCI Bank merger.
The Chung and Nubla Groups reinvested proceeds of the sale of their respective shares in the Bank.
On May 8, 2012, SEC approved the quasi-reorganization of PBCOM.
Eric O. Recto was elected as the bank's chairman during the regular board meeting.
In August 2012, Nina D. Aguas joined PBCOM as President and CEO.
Co is the chairman of the Bank's executive committee.
In December 2021, PBCom submitted an application to upgrade its existing commercial bank license to a universal bank classification with the BSP.
The license upgrade provides additional capabilities for PBCOM to invest in non-allied enterprises and allows the bank to expand its product and service offerings.
Subsidiaries and affiliates.
It is a member of BancNet and the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation.
In 2014, PBCom acquired a majority stake with the Controlling Stockholders of Dipolog-based rural bank Banco Dipolog, thus making the said bank as PBCom's subsidiary.
Competition.
PBCom competes with other commercial banks, such as International Exchange Bank and other banks.
It also competes with major banks, such as Metrobank, BPI, Equitable PCI Bank, Land Bank of the Philippines and Philippine National Bank.
Jovelyn Gonzaga is a Filipino volleyball athlete.
She was a member and team captain of Central Philippine University volleyball team.
She is currently a member of the Army Black Mamba Energy Lady Troopers in the Premier Volleyball League, in which she plays as an opposite hitter.
She is also a member of the Philippine volleyball National Team.
Career.
Gonzaga became Shakey's V-League Season 10 Open Conference Most Valuable Player in 2013.
She would later describe the award as a "pleasant surprise".
She played as guest player for FEU Lady Tamaraws in 2014.
Beli is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.
Zephaniah 3 is the third (and last) chapter of the Book of Zephaniah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zephaniah, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.
This chapter contains further indictments against the Jerusalem community, a prophecy of salvation for Judah and the Nations with Yahweh reigning victoriously as king in Jerusalem.
Text.
The original text was written in Hebrew language.
This chapter is divided into 20 verses.
Textual witnesses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE.
After the oracles against the neighboring nations, the judgment of God is announced for Jerusalem for all her sins, but concludes with an announcement of his judgment against the nations.
Warner Bros.
Studio Tours are a pair of public attractions owned and run by Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
Studio Tours.
The studio tours are both built into existing film studios, offering an authentic glimpse into the techniques and craft of filmmaking.
Warner Bros.
Studio Tour Hollywood.
Warner Bros.
Studio Tour Hollywood is a public attraction situated inside Warner Bros. Studios, Burbank in Burbank, California that offers visitors the chance to glimpse behind the scenes of one of the oldest and most popular film studios in the world.
The tour in some form has been open for several decades, but was recently renamed to give the Warner Bros.
Studio Tours a more uniform identity after the success of Warner Bros.
Studio Tour London in Leavesden.
Previously it was known as the Warner Bros. Studios VIP Tour.
Tours depart every 10 minutes and last about 1 hour with a guide who leads a small group on a custom tram.
The tour stops at various locations on the backlot and front lot.
The tour starts on the backlot where you see old sets on Hennessy Street where they filmed scenes from "Annie, Minority Report" and "Gremlins".
There is a stop in the Jungle where you get to see Merlottes from "True Blood" and the lagoon where one of the final scenes from "ER" was filmed.
On Midwest Street the tram stops and there is plenty to see including the sets from "Gilmore Girls" (Stars Hollow), "Pretty Little Liars" (Rosewood), Miss Deagle's House from "Gremlins" which is also the Seaver house from "Growing Pains".
New York and Chicago Streets are the setting for ER and Shameless where Patsy's Pies is a practical set used from filming.
New York Street is the setting for iconic scenes from "Auntie Mame, Whatever Happened to Baby Jane", "House of Wax" and "Argo".
The Front Lot contains all of the sound stages.
The Tour stops in a few stages including Stage 25 where they tape "The Big Bang Theory", Stage 1 where they tape the "Ellen Show" and there are many other stages where they film including "Conan, The Fosters, Lucifer," and "The Real."
The biggest stage on the Lot is Stage 16 where they filmed scenes from "Dunkirk, The Perfect Storm" and "The Goonies."
Stage 16 is also where Emma Stone and Ryan Gosling can be seen walking in the film "La La Land".
Also on the Front Lot is the Prop House with tons of artifacts and furniture from films and TV shows from the 1920s to today.
Next to the prop house is the Batcave, where 10 Batmobiles are on display from several of the Batman Films.
Jokers car from Suicide Squad is on display front and center.
At the end of the guided portion of the Tour, there is custom built soundstage called Stage 48.
Inside this facility there is the real Central Perk set from "Friends".
Pictures can be taken on the orange sofa that the cast sat on during taping of the series.
There are green screen photo opportunities where you can ride a Batpod through Gotham City or a Nimbus 2000 broom through Hogwarts and even play a game of Quidditch.
The Sword is set in the golden requiem.
The upper levels have some of the original props and sets from the "Harry Potter" films including the costumes from Harry, Hermione and Ron.
"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find" "Them" is represented as well with Newt Scamander's suit and Jacob's apartment complete with the case of creatures and baked goods.
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
It is located within Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, near Watford, in southwest Hertfordshire, and houses a permanent exhibit of authentic costumes, props and sets utilized in the production of the "Harry Potter" films, as well as behind-the-scenes production of visual effects.
The tour is contained in Soundstages J and K, which were specially built for the attraction, and is separate from the studio's actual production facilities.
It opened to the public in early 2012.
The grand opening event was attended by many of the "Harry Potter" film series cast and crew members.
Each tour session typically lasts three and a half hours, and the tour has the capacity to handle 6,000 visitors daily.
Despite Warner Bros. being the studio behind "Harry Potter", the tour is not styled as a theme park due to the fact that Warner Bros. sold the license to do so to Universal Studios.
Instead, visitors get a chance to see up close the detail and effort that goes into a major feature film at the scale of the Harry Potter series.
TripAdvisor reported that Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
Announced in August 2020, Warner Bros.
This will be the second such park in the world, after the one in London, which opened in 2012.
It will be located in the Tokyo Nerima Ward, on part of the now-defunct Toshimaen amusement park site.
Similar to its counterpart in London, the 30,000 square-meter attraction in Tokyo will offer visitors a walking tour through some of the recreated famous film sets including the Great Hall, the Forbidden Forest, and the Diagon Alley.
It will also display film sets, costumes, and props that were used in the "Harry Potter" films.
In addition to Harry Potter, it will also cover the "Fantastic Beasts" spin-offs.
The attraction opened on June 16, 2023.
Steam locomotive 4920 "Dumbleton Hall", that is identical to the locomotive used in the Harry Potter movies, will be an exhibit.
Other Warner Bros. Public Attractions.
Warner Bros. has licensed several other attraction operators to use various copyrights belonging to WB.
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter.
The enormous undertaking has been immensely popular, following the first at Universal Orlando Resort's Universal's Islands of Adventure and Universal Studios Florida.
The themed land has since been established at Universal Studios Hollywood, Japan.
Warner Bros. Movie World.
Warner Bros. Movie World is a theme park on the Gold Coast in Australia.
Currently owned and operated by Village Roadshow Theme Parks, the theme park features a variety of attractions that are based on Warner Bros.'s franchises.
Village Roadshow is a long time partner of Warner Bros. and the parks feature properties owned by both them and WB.
Warner Bros. World Abu Dhabi.
Warner Bros. World Abu Dhabi is a theme park in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Developed by Miral Asset Management in 2018, under a licence from Warner Bros., the theme park features a variety of attractions that are based on Warner Bros.'s franchises.
Parque Warner Madrid.
Parque Warner Madrid is a theme park in Madrid, Spain.
The 2024 CONIFA World Football Cup qualification was the process to decide a number of the teams that will play in the 2024 CONIFA World Football Cup.
This is the third tournament to feature a qualification process.
The first qualification match was played on 17 June 2023 between Ticino and Raetia.
European qualification.
On 14 June, CONIFA announced the groups for the European qualification.
Of CONIFA's 18 members, initially 10 were confirmed as participants in the 2024 qualification.
Pontibacter is a strictly aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae.
The following lists events that happened during 2022 in Niue.
Michel Fau (born 1964) is a French comedian, actor and theatre director.
Personal life.
At 18, he left his hometown for training at French National Academy of Dramatic Arts from 1986 to 1989.
He trained with Michel Bouquet, Gerard Desarthe and Pierre Vial.
Ion Dosca (born 2 January 1955) is a Moldavian Brazilian draughts player, international grandmaster since 1996 and world champion in 1999.
Dosca also plays other variants of draughts, such as Russian checkers and pool checkers and won numerous national championships in both variants.
Sports career.
Ion Dosca played in Soviet junior competitions from the age of 12.
At 15, he won the Moldavian SSR youth championships in Russian checkers.
In the early 1970s Dosca made first real successes on the All-Union level, winning the silver medal at the All-Union junior Trade Unions Sports Society championships in 1971 and taking the title at the same competition in the next year.
In 1974 Dosca won his first Moldavian senior title and received a Master of Sport rank.
In 1980 and 1990 Dosca won the USSR Cup in Russian checkers, and in 1991 he shared the first place in the last Soviet championships in Russian checkers.
Ion Dosca made significant successes on the international level.
In addition to winning the World championships in Brazilian draughts in 1999, he also won a silver medal (in 1996) and three bronze medals (in 1993, 2004 and 2007) at these championships.
In 2008 at the World Mind Sports Games in Beijing he was leading after the Swiss part of the Brazilian draughts tournament and eventually won the silver medal, losing in the final to the Russia's representative Oleg Dashkov.
Ion Dosca is 15 times national champion of Moldova in Russian checkers, and he also won the American Pool Checkers Association championships in 2000.
Obabakoak is a 1988 novel by the Basque writer Bernardo Atxaga.
The title can be translated as "Those from Obaba".
The book won the National Novel Prize.
It is the most internationally successful book in Basque and has been translated into numerous languages.
The original Basque version was published by Editorial Erein in 1988, and the author's own Spanish version was published by Ediciones B in 1989.
An English translation by Margaret Jull Costa based on the Spanish version was published in 1992.
Themes.
You don't remember all the places of the past, but what sticks in the memory is this window, that stone, the bridge.
Obaba is the country of my past, a mixture of the real and the emotional."
Reception.
Traugott wrote that the Basque language "has been 'hiding away like a hedgehog', fortifying itself largely on an oral tradition.
The album was released on July 24, 2001.
They even received press in "The Source", and attracted enough attention to get a guest verse from Inspectah Deck.
The Basilica of Santa Capilla () It is a Roman Catholic basilica in Caracas, Venezuela located at the corner of Santa Capilla on Avenida Urdaneta.
It is located in the historic center of the city, in the Cathedral Parish of Libertador Municipality.
On February 16, 1979 was declared a National Historic Landmark.
Its construction was ordered by President Antonio Guzman Blanco in 1883, to the architect Juan Hurtado Manrique, with reference to the Sainte Chapelle in Paris.
In 1812 another earthquake almost completely destroyed the church beginning its reconstruction.
In 1921 an expansion that included two aisles is made, and the August 5, 1926 is designated as Minor Basilica by Pope Pius XI.
The Cotton Belt Freight Depot is a former freight depot of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway in the Near North Riverfront neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri.
It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2004 and named "Best Old Building" by the "Riverfront Times", a weekly newspaper in St. Louis.
Since 2002, the Cotton Belt Freight Depot has been the usual location of Artica, an annual grassroots outdoor and multidisciplinary arts festival.
In 2014, artists completed a large mural on the building's eastern side, visible from the nearby bride over the Mississippi River.
Today, the building has no formal tenants or function.
There are occupants camped in the far North and South ends of the building, where they have built makeshift homes out of found materials like pallets and tires.
The upper floors of the building are inaccessible other than by rope or ladder through the open elevator shafts.
Windows and doors have been destroyed and the building is open to the elements from its sides.
Its primary use today is as a site for graffiti and graffiti art.
Its interior walls are an ever-changing canvas.
History.
The St. Louis Southwestern Railway , known by its nickname of "The Cotton Belt Route" or simply Cotton Belt, was a U.S. Class I railroad that operated between St. Louis and various points in the states of Arkansas and Texas from 1891 to 1992.
The railroad began building the five-story freight depot in 1911 to help move freight.
The depot opened on January 1, 1913, with two miles of house, team, and storage tracks.
It has been vacant since 1959.
When it was closed, the freight forwarding company, Acme, moved its operations to East St. Louis to be closer to Valley Junction Yard.
Architecture.
The building is notable for its long, narrow shape.
The concrete building stretches about on its east and west elevations and on the north and south.
The five stories include a series of loading dock doors on both sides that are sheltered by a concrete awning.
Widely spaced metal-frame industrial-type windows line the upper stories.
A slightly taller cornice line marks the section of the building where the company offices were located.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
The village has a population of 160.
Formerly named Pestalozzianum, between 1875 and 2002 it operated with the objective to promote the school teacher's instruction and postgraduate training.
In 2003 it was renamed Stiftung Pestalozzianum, as its education-oriented objectives were integrated in the new model of university-like colleges ("Fachhochschule") which were introduced in Switzerland in 2002.
History and objectives.
Enhanced with a specialized library and a reading room, the collection should present the entire teaching aids offered in Switzerland.
New labor and specialized agencies extended the advisory services for school tasks in the 1980s and 1990s.
Stiftung Pestalozzianum.
The foundation established in 2003 focuses on the educational discourse, understanding of education, and the history of education.
It claims to support and launch "innovative projects that enhance the understanding of education and the educational knowledge in the public".
Of particular importance are projects that discuses current educational issues, public education discourse, the formation history, and that are devoted to the heritage of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi.
The foundation also provides a publishing house for education-related content, and also provides its historical collections to the research library ("Forschungsbibliothek Pestalozzianum").
Forschungsbibliothek Pestalozzianum.
The "Pestalozzianum Research Library" claims to provide a classical research library.
It represents the historically grown inventory focussed on school and educational history for public consumers.
The library cooperates with domestic and foreign institutions in the field of education and training history.
The collection comprises literary related to the history of scientific education, the history of pedagogy, school history, education and works related to Heinrich Pestalozzi.
The extensive collection of historical education literature since the early 18th century, includes also "gray literature" such as pamphlets, commemorative speeches and lectures, Swiss school laws since 1848, annual reports of the educational institutions in Switzerland, historical textbooks and magazines, graphic sheets, and a large "Pestalozziana" (related to Pestalozzi) collection.
Massimo Vergassola is an Italian physicist, who worked at the University of California, San Diego from 2013-2019.
Vergassola uses physics to study the sense of smell and olfactory navigation in turbulent environments.
For example, he has shown the importance of a zig-zag search pattern to deal with odor plumes that have been broken into fragments due to turbulence.
In 2007, Vergassola proposed a strategy called infotaxis for use by odor-sensing robots.
Infotaxis involves the creation of a mental model of where an odor source is likely to be, based on previously collected information.
The robot moves in a direction that will maximize information to find the smell.
Early versions of the model involved a mathematical quantity called Shannon entropy, which calculates unpredictability (high in unexplored directions and low in explored directions).
Another area of interest in the physics of living systems, is the physics of embryonic development.
Most connect temples, plazas, and groups of structures within ceremonial centers or cities, but some longer roads between cities are also known.
Although great progress has been made on determining the roles of sacbeob in Maya society, the decision to construct sacbeob as opposed to smaller, less complicated paths is puzzling to experts.
Without a profound reliance on beasts of burden to transport goods, it remains partially unclear why the Maya decided to expend so much labor constructing these impressive roads.
However it remains a very possible theory that the Sacbe held significant spiritual and religious value, in the sense that the actual trekking of the Sacbe itself seemed to be a spiritual journey of sorts.
Sacbeob constructed of these materials are especially important to contemporary studies of Maya sites, as they preserve well, making them capable of providing invaluable evidence to archaeologists.
Maya "Sacbeob varied greatly in construction, length, width, and function" according to a 2015 study done on the sacbeob of Ceren.
It is possible that many non-stone sacbeob once existed throughout Maya territory, however evidence of these earthen roads are limited, as they do not preserve as well.
Etymology.
The word Sacbe meaning the white jungle pathways used by the Maya comes from a combination of two Mayan words, "sac" meaning white and "be" or "beh" meaning way, road, or pathway.
The word "Beh" operates as the root term for "Sacbe".
Beh is spelled alternately as Be, bej, bey, be, bih, as well as "beel" in the possessive.
It has many distinctions from English concepts of roads, pathways, or trails.
Beh's metaphoric meanings are just as important if not more important than its literal meaning of "road."
Ethnographers working the lowlands have noted that it means "more than the road you see with your eyes."
The term Beh refers to "the road of life".
The literal translation of Sacbe is "white road."
This is used to refer to Mayan large constructed roads covered in a white (Sac) surfacing.
Sacbeob today.
Few of the longer roads still exist in their entirety.
A well-known sacbe connects Uxmal with Kabah, which is marked by corbel arches at either end.
The remains of an even longer route have recently received the attention of archaeologists.
In modern times, some of the ancient sacbeob have been used as bases or incorporated into modern highways and railway lines.
In contemporary times, researchers have mapped sacbeob quite extensively in cases where the roads radiate out from cities (ie.
Calakmul).
However, sacbeob in between cities are less frequently mapped, since they go through areas of extremely dense jungle.
In an effort to map Maya sacbeob more effectively, researchers have more recently turned to radar imaging.
This form of mapping has the power to penetrate dense forest cover to reveal the sacbeob below, and is a sound alternative to LiDAR or traditional mapping practices, as they are often time consuming and costly.
Historical use.
Although much of the chronology and the time of origin is somewhat vague due to unclear historical records, there is a large possibility that the Sacbe is the one of the oldest and longest traditions of the Maya.
All sacbeob apparently had ritual or religious significance for pilgrimages.
He is said to have been pleased to have discovered evidence of large, well-constructed sacbeob, reports of which he had previously believed to be exaggerations on the part of the Spanish conquistadores.
Sacbeob had a number of practical uses in addition to any religious significance they may have had.
In addition to their large spiritual significance, archeologists have long used the Sacbe to construct and understand the political and economic systems of the Maya.
By understanding the larger connection between settlements along the Sacbe, archeologists have been able to gain a larger understanding into the political and social network that the Sacbe facilitated.
Longer sacbeob could be used for trade and communication.
The Maya did not have a beast of burden suitable for carrying goods over long distances, so it is likely that the sacbeob would have been regularly walked by traders, though the Maya are also known to have used water routes.
There is a wealth of evidence of mounds, often interpreted as remains of huts or way stations for travelers, along large sacbeob.
Looking at the large sacbe connecting Kabah to Uxmal, natives told John Lloyd Stephens that ancient Maya couriers used the sacbeob to deliver messages between large cities.
Stone stelae and platforms were frequently added to the sacbeob to delineate the end of a sacbe, or the point of crossing for two sacbeob.
Ramps, stairs, and other features meant to facilitate the use of sacbeob by pedestrians have been routinely observed, and seem to increase in abundance the closer one gets to prominent architectural features of a site.
Sacbeob have been found to be in close association with water sources at many sites, including the Sacred Cenote of Chichen Itza, which acts as a terminal point for a local sacbe.
Other sites have reservoirs positioned closely to sacbeob, including the site at Caracol.
At Coba, there are more than 50 sacbeob still visible today.
Some researchers believe that some of the sacbeob were used to divide the population of about 55,000 people into at least four barrios or neighborhoods.
Many smaller sacbeob fall in places around sources of water or other high-traffic areas like ceremonial or administrative centers.
Since Coba is the only major Classic Period site in a 5,000 square kilometer area around it, Yaxuna and Ixil are believed to be outposts or subsidiaries of Coba, which would have been the capital of the state in which they all resided.
Extensive research at Coba, including the use of imaging technology, has revealed that the sacbeob here are not as straight as previously thought.
Furthermore, it seems that settlements continue to follow the path of the sacbe for some time as it leads out of the central portion of the site.
This information shows just how influential these causeways were in the lives of local residents.
It is believed that this roller was used to compact the surface of the sacbe to ensure a smooth, uniform walking surface.
The territory of the Maya at its height was expansive, and included many different types of terrain, climate, and ecological zones.
Therefore, those constructing the sacbeob had to take into account the conditions of their specific region to ensure the longevity of the sacbeob.
Many theories surrounding the construction of the sacbeob have been posed.
This theory has been supported by the existence of completed sacbeob segments next to unstarted ones.
Besides practical function, the symbolic functions of sacbeob are critical to understanding their significance in Maya culture.
Sacbeob served to provide both a physical and symbolic link between two places.
It is argued that this link served as a reminder of the relationship between the groups that occupied a specific sacbe.
By jointly participating in the construction and frequent maintenance of these roadways, it is believed that societies could further solidify their allyship.
Cosmic and ceremonial reference.
Movement may hold a certain ceremonial and spiritual power in Maya culture.
According to some Mayan beliefs some forms of illness can be diagnosed by the movement of various forces through the body and the world.
Rituals, including curing the sick, pilgrimage, procession, and dedication, involve movement as a generative source of power, capable of change and influence.
It has been recorded that ""sacbeob" were frequently joined to important temple and palace architecture by ramps or stairways, making them part of large, complex ritual stations", further highlighting their religious importance.
The present day and colonial Maya term for the Milky Way is also "Sacbe".
The fulfilment of one's destiny is considered the fulfilment of their "road."
Seeing that movement, roads, and the cosmos are important to Mayan mythos, the conflation of "Sacbe" with the Milky Way suggests a ceremonial importance of "Sacbe".
Sacbeob have been observed to correspond to the four cardinal directions when extending from pilgrimage centers, which is also believed to be spiritually significant.
The connection made between sacbeob and the Milky Way has also been theorized to be connected to the Maya concept of the World Tree, or "Wakah-Chan".
In this way, the sacbeob acted as an "axis mundi, meaning that to some extent, sacbeob may have functioned as a model for the Maya universe.
Similarly, at the site of El Mirador, sacbeob seem to have been constructed to represent an astronomical alignment between the Sun and Venus, which has been analyzed as further evidence of sacbeob holding a religious significance.
The Coba causeways are also theorized to be intentionally aligned with certain stars.
The societal and environmental impacts of this past eruption are thought to have been enormous.
He was worldwide creative director of Leo Burnett Worldwide and the non-executive chairman of Publicis Communications Group in Spain.
Advertising career.
He studied Sociology at the Complutense University of Madrid and Advertising at CENP (Spanish Center for New Professions).
He began his career in Spain, as a creative at J. Walter Thompson.
Soon after, he received an offer at Contrapunto, and switched agencies in 1978.
After two years, and encouraged by Contrapunto itself, he decided to set up his own agency, Vitruvio-30, in Madrid.
In 1990, Vitruvio merged with the American multinational agency Leo Burnett.
Vitruvio Leo Burnett's Madrid branch was named Global Agency of the Year of Leo Burnett Worldwide three times in less than six years.
During this period he also served as president of the Spanish Association of Advertising Agencies (AEAP), and was president of the jury for the advertising festivals in San Sebastian, FIAP, Golden Drum and El Chupete.
In 2001 he was appointed Deputy Chief Creative Officer, and shortly thereafter Chief Creative Officer Worldwide of Leo Burnett, replacing Michael Conrad.3 He was the fourth Chief Creative Officer Worldwide of the agency since its founder, Leo Burnett, opened it in 1935.
Among his responsibilities was to analyze every quarter more than a thousand ads from 2000 creatives around the world.
On 17 December 2007, his retirement from the professional world was announced, remaining as a consultant to the new president of the company.4 After a year of retirement, he returned to the working world, to found the agency Ignitionk in Madrid.
He was president of the advertising agency Publicis, which is based in Madrid.
He held this position until December 2017, when he moved to an honorary position within the company.
Judicial prosecution.
On 1 March 2021, after completing the investigation of the case, the judge definitively prosecuted Furones.
Writing career.
He began with a work on advertising, "El mundo de la publicidad", published by Salvat in 1980.
In 2012 he published his first novel "El escritor de anuncios" (Suma de Letras), which was published in Mexico and in some Latin American countries.
His second novel, "Primera Clase", was published in 2014 also by the same publisher.
His last novel, "Todo dura nada", was published in December 2020.
Death.
The Ebbinghaus illusion or Titchener circles is an optical illusion of relative size perception.
In the best-known version of the illusion, two circles of identical size are placed near to each other, and one is surrounded by large circles while the other is surrounded by small circles.
As a result of the juxtaposition of circles, the central circle surrounded by large circles appears smaller than the central circle surrounded by small circles.
Recent work suggests that two other critical factors involved in the perception of the Ebbinghaus illusion are the distance of the surrounding circles from the central circle and the completeness of the annulus, which makes the illusion comparable in nature to the Delboeuf illusion.
Regardless of relative size, if the surrounding circles are closer to the central circle, the central circle appears larger and if the surrounding circles are far away, the central circle appears smaller.
While the distance variable appears to be an active factor in the perception of relative size, the size of the surrounding circles limits how close they can be to the central circle, resulting in many studies confounding the two variables.
Possible explanations.
The Ebbinghaus illusion has played a crucial role in the debate over the existence of separate pathways in the brain for perception and action (for more details see Two Streams hypothesis).
It has been argued that the Ebbinghaus illusion distorts "perception" of size, but not "action".
A study by neuroscientist Melvyn A. Goodale showed that when a subject is required to respond to a physical model of the illusion by grasping the central circle, the scaling of the grip aperture was unaffected by the perceived size distortion.
While other studies confirm the insensitivity of grip scaling to size-contrast illusions like the Ebbinghaus illusion, other work suggests that both action and perception are fooled by the illusion.
Neuroimaging research suggests an inverse correlation between an individual's receptivity to the Ebbinghaus and similar illusions (such as the Ponzo illusion) and the highly variable size of the individual's primary visual cortex.
Developmental research suggests that the illusion is dependent on context-sensitivity.
The illusion was found more often to cause relative-size deception in university students, who have high context-sensitivity, than in children aged 10 and under.
Study found 70 genetic variants linked to the perception of the Ebbinghaus illusion.
The winner of the 2014 Best Illusion of the Year Contest, submitted by Christopher D. Blair, Gideon P. Caplovitz, and Ryan E.B.
Mruczek, of the University of Nevada, Reno, animated the Ebbinghaus illusion, putting it in motion.
An exception with opposite visual effects.
A new relative size illusion was discovered by Italian visual researcher Gianni A. Sarcone in 2013.
It contradicts Ebbinghaus illusion (1898), aka Titchener Circles, and Obonai square illusion (1954).
In fact, the central test shape (a cross) surrounded by large squares appears larger instead of smaller.
Sarcone's Cross illusion consists of a cross (the test shape) surrounded by sets of squares of distinct size (the inducing shapes). 1) tends to appear larger.
The illusion works even when the small squares completely occlude the blue cross (see fig.
Miyaoku Dam is a concrete gravity dam located in Nara prefecture in Japan.
The dam is used for agriculture and water supply.
The catchment area of the dam is 2.9 km2.
The dam impounds about 5 ha of land when full and can store 580 thousand cubic meters of water.
The canton of Chartres-3 is an administrative division of the Eure-et-Loir department, northern France.
It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.
Video Data Bank (VDB) is an international video art distribution organization and resource in the United States for videos by and about contemporary artists.
Located in Chicago, Illinois, VDB was founded at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1976 at the inception of the media arts movement.
VDB provides experimental video art, documentaries made by artists, and interviews with visual artists and critics for a wide range of audiences.
These include microcinemas, moving image festivals, media arts centers, universities, libraries, museums, community-based workshops, public television, and cable TV Public-access television centers.
Video Data Bank currently holds over 6,000 titles in distribution, by more than 600 artists, available in a variety of screening and archival video formats.
It also actively publishes anthologies and curated programs of video art.
The preservation of historic video is an ongoing project of the Video Data Bank.
The total holdings, including works both in and out of distribution, include over 10,000 titles of original and in some cases, rarely seen, video art and documentaries from the late 1960s on.
In 2015 VDB launched VDB TV, an innovative digital distribution project which provides free, online streaming access to curated programs of video and media art.
VDB TV offers viewers across the United States and beyond access to rare video art, the opportunity to engage with programs conceived by a wide range of curators, and original writing, all while ensuring that artists are compensated for their work.
The VDB functions as a Department of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and is supported in part by awards from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Illinois Arts Council.
History.
In 1974, VDB co-founders Kate Horsfield and Lyn Blumenthal, graduate students at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, began conducting video interviews with women artists who they felt were underrepresented critically in the art world.
After buying a Panasonic Portapak and successfully conducting talks with painters Joan Mitchell and Agnes Martin and curator Marcia Tucker, the pair decided to continue the series.
If you read art magazines in the early '70s, it was very rare to see any real coverage of any women artists."
In 1976 Horsfield and Blumenthal officially founded the Video Data Bank, taking over a small collection of student video productions and interviews that was begun by Phil Morton at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
They went on to add to the archive, conducting talks with prominent artists of the period such as Alice Neel, Lucy Lippard, Lee Krasner, Barbara Kruger, and the Guerrilla Girls, who appeared wearing their trademark gorilla masks.
Lyn Blumenthal died in 1988, and the VDB maintains the Lyn Blumenthal Memorial Scholarship.
Horsfield remained director of the collection until her retirement in 2006, when she was succeeded by Abina Manning, who served as the director until 2021.
In 2007 the National Alliance for Media Arts and Culture (NAMAC) presented Video Data Bank with its Outstanding Media Arts Organization Award.
Collection.
The Video Data Bank collection includes video produced from 1968 to the present.
The early video art represented includes many titles from the Castelli-Sonnabend collection, the first and most prominent collection of video art assembled in the United States, produced between 1968 and 1980.
These works represent examples of the first experiments in video art and include conceptual and feminist performances recorded on video, experiments with the video signal, and 'guerilla' documentaries representing a counter-cultural view of the historical events of the 1960s.
Artists included are Vito Acconci, Lynda Benglis, Dara Birnbaum, Joan Jonas, Bruce Nauman and William Wegman.
Experimental works by Denise Kaprellian-Bornoff, MFA, in collaboration with Phil Morton and with Jack Bornoff, MFA, were among the earliest titles in the collection.
The On Art and Artists collection includes interviews with visual artists, photographers and critics.
The interviews focus on the development of the artists' body of work.
"Surveying the First Decade".
The anthology includes 68 titles by more than 60 artists, and is curated into eight programs ranging from conceptual, performance-based, feminist, and image-processed works, to documentary and grassroots activism.
The Squeaker is a 1927 crime novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace., published in the US as The Squealer in 1928.
In the story, an ex-detective goes undercover to find out the identity of a notorious informer who betrays his criminal associates to the police for his own gain.
Its purpose is to foster the protection of Australia's native plants, animals and cultural heritage through fundraising for environmental education and conservation projects.
Projects.
Since 1970 the foundation has acquired over 600,000 hectares of habitat and places of natural beauty for 50 national parks and nature reserves, including Mungo National Park, the Daintree Rainforest, and South Australian protected areas.
The foundation acquires land through purchase, donation and bequest.
The foundation funded threatened species recovery programs and research for more than 32 species of birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians and plants.
Animals included the Lord Howe Island woodhen, the Gould's petrel, the malleefowl and the yellow-footed rock-wallaby.
The foundation also funded cultural heritage conservation projects for more than ten Aboriginal and European historical sites, including Fort Denison, QStation and Hill End.
Other projects focused on education and awareness raising, which included implementation, improvement and maintenance of walking tracks, viewing platforms, interpretive signage and disabled access in many national parks.
The foundation has a history of receiving donations of land where that land has a conservation value, especially if it is located near land that is already conserved (e.g. existing National Parks).
Mungo National Park.
It also funded a resident archaeologist to work on the site from 1979 to 1983.
The foundation established the Mungo Visitors Centre and Laboratory in 1983.
Policy.
The Backyard Buddies program also sells Backyard Buddy Toys - the funds from these toys go toward Foundation projects to conserve and protect several species of animals, including koalas, wombats, little penguins, endangered wallaby species and more.
Key persons.
Sclater's monal (Lophophorus sclateri) also known as the crestless monal is a Himalayan pheasant.
The name commemorates the British zoologist Philip Lutley Sclater.
Taxonomy.
Sclater's monal is a large, approximately long, monal pheasant.
As with other monals, the male is a colourful bird.
It has a highly iridescent purplish-green upperparts plumage, short and curly metallic green crown feathers, copper neck, purplish-black throat, white back, blue orbital skin, yellowish-orange bill and brown iris.
In the nominate subspecies, the tail is white with a broad chestnut band, while the tail is entirely white in "L. s. arunachalensis" from western Arunachal Pradesh in India.
The crestless female is mostly a dark brown bird with a white throat and tail-tip, dull bluish orbital skin and a pale yellow bill.
Distribution and habitat.
Sclater's monal is distributed to mountain forests of the east Himalayan region, in north-eastern India, south-eastern Tibet and northern Burma, at altitudes of .
Behaviour.
The diet of the Sclater's monal, like that of other members of the genus "Lophophorus", probably consists mainly of tubers, roots, bulbs, arthropods, rodents, seeds and flowers.
The female usually lays between three and five eggs.
It is not known if the male participates in nest defense, but it is likely.
Conservation.
Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size, limited range and overhunting in some areas for food and its feathers, Sclater's monal is evaluated as Vulnerable on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Rick Copp (born August 20, 1964) is an American television writer, story editor, producer and occasional actor.
He was an executive story editor for 11 episodes and writer for two episodes of the short-lived 1991 NBC sitcom "Flesh 'n' Blood".
He also wrote for "Flying Blind", "The Golden Girls" and "Wings", among others.
He was a co-writer on "The Brady Bunch Movie" and has written for many animated series including "Teen Titans" and "Scooby-Doo".
In 2005 he served as a consulting producer on the "Barbershop" TV series, based on the hit movie.
He is also an author of four mystery novels, "The Actor's Guide to Murder", "The Actor's Guide to Adultery", "The Actor's Guide to Greed" and "Fingerprints and Facelifts".
His book "The Actor's Guide to Greed" was a Lambda Literary Award nominee in the Gay Mystery category at the 2006 Lambda Literary Awards.
Kumite is a form of sparring, one of the three main sections of karate training, and involves simulated combat against an opponent.
The 100-man kumite consists of 100 rounds of kumite, each between one-and-a-half and two minutes in length.
Normally, the karate practitioner undergoing the test will have to face similarly or higher-ranked opponents, and may face the same opponent more than once in the course of the test (depending on the number of opponents available to participate).
Each opponent faced will be fresh and not fatigued or injured.
Each of the rounds are done under test conditions, where either of the fighters are allowed to deliver knock out blows.
The challenge was devised by Masutatsu Oyama, the founder of Kyokushin and the first person to complete the test.
He completed the 100-man kumite three times over three consecutive days.
The second man to complete the test was Steve Arneil in 1965.
In July 2004, a woman named Naomi Ali completed the 100-man kumite.
From Ballylanders in County Limerick, he was elected General Secretary of the GAA in 1898 and is the only man to have ever held the two top positions within the Association.
An athlete in the 1880s, Dineen was the fastest Irish sprinter of his day.
He was also a founder of Ballylanders Shamrocks.
He is also noted as the man who purchased a site on Jones Road in 1908 before donating it to the GAA for free in 1913, the site now of Croke Park.
Dineen held the ground in trust for the GAA, which at the time was not able to purchase the land itself.
Between 1908 and 1910 he oversaw development of the ground, paying for the improvements himself.
Introduction.
Frank Brazil Dineen, a GAA activist, was born in Ballylanders, County Limerick, 1862.
Dineen is known for purchasing a site on Jones Road in 1908 and giving it to the GAA free of charge in 1913.
He developed all 14 acres of the grounds of this property for five years and funded it himself.
He was the only man who saw the possibilities for this land and without Dineen's vision and belief, Croke Park would not be the main headquarters for this organization and one of the finest stadiums worldwide.
Dineen is an emblematic figure in the early part of the GAA.
He became President of the GAA in 1895 and filled the position until 1898 when he progressed to become the General Secretary of the association, a position he occupied until 1901.
He was also a leading member of both the Fenian movement and the Land League.
He is also known as one of the forgotten significant figures in the GAA and his memory and contribution was dismissed as the years went on.
As the renovations of Croke Park were coming to a close in 2006, the famous Hill 16 was renamed "The Dineen Hill 16" in honour of him.
The Hill is a terrace on the railway end of Croke Park where Dublin GAA supporters usually gathered to support and cheer on their teams.
It was built after the 1916 Rising and because Dineen died on 18 April 1919, this was an appropriate time.
Early life.
Dineen grew up in Ballylanders with his father, Nicholas Dineen.
He came from a large family of 28 as his father remarried twice, having children with all three wives.
Dineen attended National school in Ballylanders and after went to Rockwell College, in County Tipperary, after which he returned to Ballylanders.
He was a very successful and influential person at a young age and accomplished a lot throughout his life.
In his late teens, Dineen was one of Munster's greatest athletes and the fastest sprinter at that time.
After retiring from athletics, Dineen first became an athletic handicapper, before being involved in the management of the G.A.A.
Family life.
Frank Brazil Dineen was born into a family home in Ballylanders, County Limerick with a family of 28.
This was a result of Dineen's father, Nicholas Dineen's three marriages, and death of both his first and second wife, Dineen had many step-brothers, and sisters.
Dineen attended Rockwell College in County Tipperary.
Dineen was involved in the Irish National Land League and the Fenian movement.
His relatives also played a significant role in Irish Politics.
Frank Dineen refers to Frank B. Dineen as an all-Ireland champion athlete, and his parents active involvement in the IRA, and Cumann na mBan activities.
Dineen's relatives were caught and punished by the Irish state for their political opinions, and actions.
One of his relatives was imprisoned in Limerick Prison as a result of his activities linked to the IRA in 1920.
Another one of his relatives expressed her support for a free Ireland by removing an Irish flag from a British soldier's possession, which she was then fined for.
As a result of Dineen's relatives' migration to England his grand-nephew served in the RAF from 1945 to 1948.
In December 2013, Liam O'Neill, President of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 2012 to 2015, paid tribute to Dineen's relatives.
O'Neill made a speech for the 100th anniversary of Dineen's establishment, and donation of Croke Park to the GAA Committee, referring to Dineen's family members contributing participation in making Croke Park an emblematic symbol in GAA history.
Despite maybe not having been aware at the time, O'Neill highlights how Dineen's decision to donate what was before the 14 acre city and suburban Racecourse to the GAA committee influenced his family's history.
Career.
Frank Dineen's sporting career began in athletics in the 1880s.
He had a keen passion for the sport and excelled in sprinting.
In the time he competed, Dineen was known as one of the best athletes in Munster and was thought to be the fastest sprinter in the province.
In 1882 Dineen ran the 100-yard sprint in 10.2 seconds, which at the time was the Irish record.
After his retirement from the sport, he then became a well-known athletic official and refereed many athletic competitions, before beginning his career in the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).
Dineen also founded the Ballylanders GAA club in 1886.
The club plays sports such as Gaelic football and hurling and is still around to this day.
Dineen began his career in the GAA in 1895.
He began his role in the GAA when he took over as President from Peter J.
He served as President for three years until 1898, and after that he began his role as General Secretary of the Association from 1898-1901.
He became the first man to ever serve as both General Secretary of the Association and President of the GAA. and to this day he is still the only person to hold both positions.
After his retirement from the GAA, Dineen went on to become a sportswriter and journalist for the Gaelic section of the "Sport" newspaper.
He bought the grounds in trust for the GAA as at the time, the GAA was unable to purchase the land itself.
Dineen held the ground in trust for five years until the GAA was able to afford the grounds, and they purchased it in 1913.
For the years in between 1908 and 1913, Frank Dineen oversaw the developments of the grounds, and paid for the renovations and upkeep of the property.
Dineen remained involved in the development of Croke Park until his death in 1916.
Later life and death.
Dineen's athletic career came to a sudden end due to ill health.
However, this did not stop him from pursuing his love for GAA and sport.
Upon Dineen's retirement, his passion for sport led him to become more involved in GAA, becoming an athletic referee.
He refereed many important matches in Irish athletics and at that time many individuals considered him to be the most capable official in the country.
Dineen had a keen interest in all aspects of the GAA, however, he had a particular interest in juvenile athletics.
He is believed to have given all his well-deserved awards away at the local sports.
Dineen moved to Dublin in the late 1890s, where he became a sports journalist.
He was particularly famous for his role in newspapers such as the "Freeman's Journal", "Telegraph", and "Sport".
In 1906, Dineen released the first ever "Irish Athletic Record" in the country, containing Irish, British and American records.
Dineen had wished to produce another publication containing information on all great athletes of his time but unfortunately didn't live to see the day.
In 1908, Dineen bought a fourteen acre racecourse worth 3,250 pounds, with the idea of the GAA in mind.
Improvements such as relaying the entire pitch took place after his purchase to cater for the Gaelic games and athletics.
These improvements were financed by Dineen, however in 1910, he underwent financial difficulties and as a result sold four acres of the land to the Jesuits of Belvedere College, Dublin.
Dineen sold the playing field to the GAA in 1913 for 3,500 pounds.
Eleven years later, in 1924, the ground was transformed into a major stadium, currently known as Croke Park.
Located in the heart of Dublin, this stadium still accommodates for major GAA events.
Dineen died on 18 April 1916, aged 54, exactly one week before The 1916 Easter Rising.
He died due to a cerebral haemorrhage and was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, County Dublin.
Dineen's grave can be located specifically in the St. Paul's section of Glasnevin Cemetery across the Finglas Road.
His headstone is written through the Irish language and states the years he served as President and Secretary of the GAA.
Legacy.
Dineen's greater legacy is the acquisition, and subsequently donation to the GAA, of Croke Park, now the headquarters of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Dublin, for which he was honoured and celebrated on different occasions during the past 10 years.
In February 1970, a headstone over the grave of Dineen, in Glasnevin Cemetery, in Dublin, was unveiled by the then president of the GAA, Seamus O'Riain, with the presence of Dineen's family members and representatives from the GAA executive committee.
In April 2006, along with other sections of the stadium dedicated to prominent figures of the GAA, the terrace firstly built in 1917 and previously known as Hill 16, was officially re-named Dineen Hill 16 in Frank Dineen's honour.
In 2009, the Shamrocks Ballylanders GAA Club honoured Frank Dineen, its founding member, with a two days long event, named "The Birth of Croke Park in the Ballyhoura Mountains", held in South East Limerick.
The Ballysanders's GAA Club also announced a collaboration with the country's famous GAA historian, Harry Greensmyth, and launched a 140 pages book about the Life and Times of Frank B Dineen.
In December 2013, in honour of the 100th anniversary of his donation and the establishment of Croke Park as the GAA headquarters, Dineen was once again celebrated, when framed copies of the original deeds for Croke Park were presented to Dineen's relatives and to representatives from the Shamrocks Ballylanders GAA Club.
Chisum is a 1970 American Western film directed by Andrew McLaglen, starring John Wayne in the titular role, and adapted for the screen by Andrew J. Fenady from his short story "Chisum and the Lincoln County War."
The supporting cast features Forrest Tucker, Christopher George, Ben Johnson, Glenn Corbett, Andrew Prine, Bruce Cabot, Patric Knowles, Richard Jaeckel, Lynda Day George, Pedro Armendariz Jr., John Agar, John Mitchum, Ray Teal, Christopher Mitchum and Hank Worden with Geoffrey Deuel and Pamela McMyler receiving "introducing" credits.
The picture was filmed in Panavision and Technicolor.
"Chisum" is based on the Lincoln County War of 1878 and, although it changed a number of details, many of the historical figures in the film (such as Chisum, Tunstall, McSween, Murphy, Brady, Evans, Garrett, and Billy the Kid) were in the New Mexico Territory at the time and did play a part in the conflict.
Plot.
In Lincoln County, New Mexico, John Chisum, a kindly and successful cattle baron, finds his peace threatened when amoral Lawrence Murphy and his business partner James Dolan forcibly buy up most of the land and businesses in the area.
Initially, Chisum tries to not get involved, though he does allow ranchers forced out by Murphy to water their herds on his land.
Bribed by Murphy, corrupt Sheriff Brady secretly hires Neemo and his group of banditos, who kill two of Chisum's men and steal a herd of horses.
Chisum and his men pursue the thieves, retrieve the horses, and discover the American money in the Mexican outlaw's pocket.
They are assisted by Billy "The Kid" Bonney, a notorious killer who was recently hired and given a chance to reform by John Henry Tunstall, Chisum's philanthropic British neighbor.
Chisum's niece Sallie arrives in Lincoln to live with her uncle, and Billy begins to court her.
Alexander McSween, invited by Murphy to be his lawyer, arrives with his wife Sue on the same stagecoach.
During Sallie's welcome party, Murphy sends Jess Evans and his gang to rustle Chisum's beeves, which are being taken to the United States Army to feed the Native Americans on a nearby reservation.
Chisum sends for Justice J.B. Wilson to try Murphy's men for murder, but the damage is done and the Army starts buying its beeves from Murphy.
McSween, not liking Murphy's methods, switches sides.
McSween, Tunstall, and Chisum open a new store and bank to combat Murphy's monopoly.
Billy, Garrett, and several of Chisum's men go to Santa Fe to get supplies to stock the store.
Deputies Morton and Baker stop Tunstall on the road, falsely accuse him of rustling, shoot him dead, and plant a gun so it looks like Tunstall drew first.
Justice Wilson arrives in Lincoln during Tunstall's funeral.
Brady refuses to go after his own men, so Wilson deputizes Chisum and Garrett, and they track and capture the fugitive deputies in a nearby town.
On the way back, Chisum separates from the group to get the judge.
Billy, wanting revenge for his friend and mentor, and skeptical that justice will be done in Lincoln, knocks out Garrett and kills Morton and Baker.
He then rides into town, publicly murdering Brady before fleeing.
Murphy convinces Governor Axtell to fire Justice Wilson and appoint bounty hunter Dan Nodeen, who harbors an old grudge against Billy, as sheriff.
While a large posse scours the countryside to find Billy, he gathers his allies, starting with two of Tunstall's wranglers, Charlie Bowdre and Tom O'Folliard.
They break into McSween's store to get dynamite to rob Murphy's bank, but Nodeen notices them inside, and a protracted firefight breaks out between Murphy's and Billy's men.
McSween, unarmed and wanting no part of the battle, asks that he and his wife be allowed to leave, but only Sue is allowed to go.
When the shooting resumes, she flees to get Chisum, so Murphy has his men erect barricades in the streets of the town.
McSween comes out to bargain with Murphy, and Nodeen shoots him in cold blood.
Chisum and his men arrive in Lincoln, driving Murphy's own cattle before them to break through the barricades.
Murphy's men are defeated, with Billy personally pursuing and killing Evans.
Chisum gets into a fistfight with Murphy, ending with both men falling from a balcony.
Garret and Sallie begin a relationship.
He is appointed Sheriff of Lincoln County, and the next governor of the territory, Lew Wallace, declares amnesty for those involved in the land war.
With peace restored, Chisum goes up a hill to survey his land.
Production.
The film was based on a screenplay by Andrew J. Fenady called "Chisum and the Lincoln County Cattle War".
Originally set up at 20th Century Fox, the project moved to Warner Bros.-7 Arts in August 1969 because John Wayne wanted to make the film that year, but Fox's production schedule was full.
Michael Wayne, John's son and the film's executive producer, took on the project of making "Chisum" because he felt the story summed up his father's political views.
As is the case with many of Wayne's films, in this, his 200th starring role, the sizeable cast is packed with familiar faces from earlier John Wayne films, among them "Sands of Iwo Jima" (Wayne, John Agar, Forrest Tucker, and Richard Jaeckel).
The picturesque vistas in the film were captured by cinematographer William H. Clothier in Durango, Mexico, where the film was shot.
John Wayne was on the set of "Chisum" when he heard he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in "True Grit", an award he would go on to win.
During filming, John Mitchum, brother of Robert, introduced John Wayne to his patriotic poetry.
Seeing that Wayne was greatly moved by Mitchum's words, Forrest Tucker suggested Mitchum and Wayne should collaborate to record some of the poetry, which eventually resulted in the Grammy-nominated spoken-word album, "America, Why I Love Her" (1973).
The song "The Ballad of John Chisum", which is heard during the opening credits of the film, features verses spoken by William Conrad, while the song heard later in the film, "Turn Me Around", is sung by Merle Haggard.
Box office and reception.
The film premiered in Dallas, Texas, on June 24, 1970.
U.S. President Richard Nixon commented on the film during a press conference in Denver, Colorado, on August 3, 1970.
It was an American story."
Home media.
Metro Gerela is a Canadian soccer coach and former professional soccer player.
In 1953, during the first Vancouver Sun Tournament of Champions (Youth Provincial Cup Competition Finals) played in Callister Park, Gerela (Powell River) was chosen to be the first "Sun Soccer Boy".
Gerela was head coach of the Capilano College Blues women's soccer team from 1992 to 1994.
He held the position of technical director at the Wesburn youth soccer club in 2004.
He was the coach of the Croatia Sports Club soccer team in the Vancouver Metro Soccer League's Premier division.
He is married to Silvana Burtini, a police officer and formerly with the WUSA's Carolina Courage and a past member of Canada women's national soccer team.
He was a member of the 1979 Vancouver Whitecaps, who in 2011 were recognized as a Canada Soccer Hall of Fame Team of Distinction.
Gerela was the head scout.
The Swee' Pea was a series of three midget aircraft racers designed by Art Chester.
Design and development.
The Swee' Pea was a racing aircraft to compete in the new midget racing class championed by race pilot Art Chester.
The aircraft was the third design from Chester with a Popeye comic name.
The midget racer was required to have an engine less than 190 cubic inches in displacement at the time.
The Swee' Pea shared a similar short, mid-wing taildragger configuration with other midget racers.
The aircraft was unique in that it used a V tail configuration and a single cooling air intake through a large hole in the center of the spinner.
The Fuselage is welded tube steel with plywood covered wings.
Operational history.
The Swee' Pea was introduced at the 1947 National Air Races, but the V-Tail performed poorly at takeoff speed, and was replaced by a conventional tail for the 1948 Miami races.
Tebufenozide is an insecticide that acts as a molting hormone.
It is an agonist of the ecdysone receptor that causes premature molting in larvae.
It is primarily used against caterpillar pests.
Because it has high selectivity for the targeted pests and low toxicity otherwise, the company that discovered tebufenozide, Rohm and Haas, was given a Presidential Green Chemistry Award for its development.
It has been characterised, along with RH-2485, as a bisacylhydrazine.
Its environmental half-life varies according to where it is released and under what conditions, but can be said to be on the order of months.
It has been used for "an insect growth regulator, to control leaf-eating insects that cause damage or death in trees.
Tebufenozide is the active ingredient in" Bayer's MIMIC "formulation, which controls forest defoliator pests such as gypsy moths, tent caterpillars, budworms, tussock moths and cabbage looper.
These are all pests of the order Lepidoptera."
It has been used against the sugarcane borer, although the population grows immunity.
In California, the substance was used chiefly for crops of head lettuce, celery, raspberries, cauliflower, and tomatoes for processing.
The final degradation products of tebufenozide are various alcohols, carboxylic acids and ketones of low toxicity.
Derivatives.
Furan tebufenozide.
In 2010, laboratory tests and field tests were performed on furan tebufenozide.
Co-chair of the Ukraine-NATO Interparliamentary Council.
One of the rulers of Decentralization Reform and Public Administration Reform in Ukraine.
Supports the development of youth policy in Ukraine.
Was elected to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2019.
Education.
In 2008 he was enrolled to the Ukrainian Center, the Wiesbaden Academy of Psychotherapy in Germany.
Had been studying for 2 years, in 2010 Mr. Korniyenko graduated as a consulting psychologist.
In 2015, he continued to study at the School of Existential Coaching, and in 2018 graduated as a consulting coach in existential approach.
Professional and political activity.
Career.
From 2001 to 2008 Korniyenko worked as a journalist and organising festivals.
In 2008, he started to work as a private entrepreneur in the field of adult and business education, team building and business games.
From 2019 to the present day, he has been working as a civil servant.
Political activity.
From 2005 till 2006, Korniyenko was a Deputy Chair of the youth wing of the Reforms and Order party (right-wing liberals).
Then, in 2009 he became a member of the Front for Change party (centrist) being a volunteer for 2 years.
Later, he worked as a consultant to the Secretariat (Christian Democrats) in DemAlliance Party for two years till 2017.
In 2018 Korniyenko joined the Servant of the People party (ALDE member), ZeTeam (the team of Volodymyr Zelenskyi).
In 2019, he became a Head of the election headquarters of the Servant of the People political party as well as an MP candidate from the party of the same name in the 2019 parliamentary elections, No. 7 on the list.
In July 2019, he was elected MP of Ukraine, IX convocation.
During the period from November 2019 till November 2021 he was the Head of the Servant of the People (ALDE member) party.
Since October 19, 2021, Korniyenko has held the position of the First Deputy Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
International activity.
Korniyenko is a Co-chair of the NATO-Ukraine Interparliamentary Council (UNIC).
He holds the position of Head of the Delegation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) as well as a position of Head of the Delegation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Korniyenko works to deepen inter-parliamentary cooperation in the Global South, in particular with the countries of Southeast Asia.
Student and youth work.
Later, since 2004 till 2005 he had been holding a position of a spokesperson of the student strike committee during the Orange Revolution.
From 2005 till 2010 he was a leader of the all-Ukrainian youth organization Union of Initiative Youth.
During the period since 2013 till 2014 he had been a participant in the Revolution of Dignity.
From 2016 till 2018 he took part in the GoCamp initiative by GoGlobal (language volunteers from all over the world to Ukraine).
In 2016 Korniyenko founded NGO Youth Projects Exchange.
Political position and achievements.
Takes an active position on public administration reform in Ukraine and decentralization of power.
Supports the development of youth policy in Ukraine.
During the current parliamentary term, he was involved in the implementation of key reforms (judicial, land, anti-corruption, economic, decentralization, electoral reforms, etc.
Marital status.
She was the first ever female to serve as a vice-chancellor of a university in Bangladesh.
In 2006, she was awarded Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh for her contribution to education.
She was married to the 14th President of Bangladesh, Iajuddin Ahmed, and served as the First Lady of Bangladesh from 2002 until 2009.
Career.
Begum was a professor of the Department of Zoology at the University of Dhaka.
She later served as the chairman of the Department of Zoology and the provost of the Shamsun Nahar Hall.
She was the first chairman of the board of trustees and the founding vice-chancellor of Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, a private university in Dhaka.
She is the first women vice-chancellor for university in Bangladesh.
Personal life.
The Yellow Brick House, or Moorfield, is a historic home located at Bivalve, Wicomico County, Maryland, United States.
It is a Federal-style two story brick dwelling built about 1810.
The house is one of the largest Federal-style dwellings left in Wicomico County.
Choplifter (stylized as Choplifter!) is military themed scrolling shooter developed by Dan Gorlin for the Apple II and published by Broderbund in 1982.
It was ported to the Atari 8-bit family the same year and also to the VIC-20, Commodore 64, Atari 5200 (released in February 1984), ColecoVision, MSX, and Thomson computers.
In 1985, Sega released a coin-operated arcade remake, which in turn was ported to the Master System and Famicom in 1986.
"Choplifter" is one of the few games that first appeared on a home system and was ported to the arcades.
Graphically enhanced versions for the Atari 8-bit family and Atari 7800 were also published in 1988 by Atari Corporation.
Gameplay.
In "Choplifter", the player assumes the role of a combat helicopter pilot.
The player attempts to save hostages being held in barracks in territory ruled by the evil Bungeling Empire.
The player must collect the hostages (described in the backstory as "delegates to the United Nations Conference on Peace and Child Rearing") and transport them safely to the nearby U.S.
Postal Service building, all the while fighting off hostile tanks and other enemy combatants.
According to the backstory, the helicopter parts were smuggled into the country, disguised as a "mail-sorting machine".
It may shoot at enemies in any of these directions and need not fly in the same direction it is facing.
The forward-facing mode is used primarily to shoot tanks.
The player must be careful to protect the hostages from enemy fire as well as avoid hitting the hostages with his own fire.
The player rescues the prisoners by first shooting one of the hostage buildings to release them, landing to allow the prisoners to board the sortie, and returning them to the player's starting point.
Each of the four buildings holds 16 hostages, and only 16 passengers can be carried at a time, so several trips must be made.
Usually, each trip back is riskier than the last, since the enemy is alerted and has deployed a counter-attack.
If the player lands directly on top of a hostage, or completely blocks the building exit, the hostages will be killed.
In the Apple II and Atari 7800 versions, hostages also die if the vehicle is not landed correctly (it is slightly tilted), being crushed as they attempt to board the chopper.
While grounded, the helicopter may be attacked by enemy tanks, which it can shoot at only by returning to the air.
Also, the enemy scrambles jet fighters which can attack the vehicle in the air with air-to-air missiles or on the ground with bombs.
Development.
Coming off a stint working for the Rand Corporation, Dan Gorlin initially developed "Choplifter" using an Apple II loaned to him by his grandfather.
At first Gorlin imagined "Choplifter" as a 3D game, but switched to a traditional 2D game environment due to technical limitations.
The game was developed in six months.
After Gorlin began experimenting with animating a helicopter on the Apple II, he added scenery, tanks, and planes, with the hostages added last.
He stated that, as a story developed, "movie camera techniques seemed appropriate", including the final message "The End" instead of "Game Over".
Gorlin's first demonstration to Broderbund was "too realistic, too much a helicopter simulation", and the company helped him make it easier to fly.
The concept of rescuing hostages came about after Gorlin learned about "Defender", in which the player must protect people on the ground.
Although the Iran hostage crisis ended the year before the game was released, Gorlin said "the tie-in with current events was something that never really crossed my mind until we published".
Gorlin would later revisit the 3D concept in a failed attempt to remake the game in the 1990s.
Reception.
Debuting in May 1982, the game sold 9,000 copies by June, appearing on "Computer Gaming World"s list of top sellers.
"II Computing" listed "Choplifter" seventh on the magazine's list of top Apple II games as of late 1985, based on sales and market-share data.
In Japan, "Game Machine" listed Sega's arcade version of "Choplifter" in the November 1, 1985, issue as being the most successful table arcade unit on the bi-weekly chart.
After being dethroned by Taito's "The Legend of Kage" on November 15, "Choplifter" returned to the top of the chart on December 1, 1985.
Reviews.
"Softline" in 1982 called the game "what may well be the first Interactive Computer-Assisted Animated Movie.
A fusion of arcade gaming, simulation, and filmic visual aesthetics, "Choplifter" is destined to occupy a place in the software Hall of Fame".
The magazine praised the animation and the helicopter's "subtle flight control", and concluded that seeing the hostages' "hope and excitement, their faith in you" made the game "hard to play.
It hurts to see one of those lively people killed".
In 1983 its readers named "Choplifter" fourth on the magazine's Top Thirty list of Atari 8-bit programs by popularity.
"BYTE" called "Choplifter" "great fun".
The Apple II version of the game received a Certificate of Merit in the category of "Best Computer Audiovisual Effects" at the 4th annual Arkie Awards, and shortly afterward "Billboard" named it Computer Game of the Year.
The book concluded that "the concept, graphics, and animation make this a delightful game".
Legacy.
"Choplifter II", subtitled "Rescue Survive", was released for the Game Boy in 1991, then remade for both the Game Boy and Game Gear as "Choplifter III" in 1994.
An unrelated "Choplifter III" was released for Super NES.
In late 1997 it was reported that Gorlin and his development team, Ariok Entertainment, were working on a "Choplifter" game for IBM PC compatibles which would be in 3D and have multiplayer functionality.
He was best known for his participation in the Krulak Mendenhall mission to South Vietnam in 1963 with General Victor Krulak.
Their vastly divergent conclusions led U.S. President John F. Kennedy to ask if they had visited the same country.
Mendenhall continued his work in the Indochina region after Lyndon B. Johnson assumed the presidency in wake of Kennedy's assassination.
Early life and education.
Born in Calvert, Maryland, Mendenhall graduated from the University of Delaware in 1940.
Mendenhall also studied at Harvard Law School.
He then served in the United States Army during World War II and was commissioned captain.
Mendenhall served in the United States Foreign Service and was stationed in Turkey, Iceland, Switzerland, South Vietnam, and worked at the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C. Mendenhall also studied at the National War College in 1962 and 1963.
Krulak Mendenhall mission.
Background.
In May, civil unrest broke out in South Vietnam following the Hue Vesak shootings.
Nine Buddhists were gunned down by the regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem after defying a government ban on the flying of Buddhist flags on Vesak, the birthday of Gautama Buddha and marching in an anti-government protest.
Following the shootings, Buddhist leaders began to lobby Diem for religious equality and compensation and justice for the families of the victims.
With Diem remaining recalcitrant, the protests escalated.
The self-immolation of Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc at a busy Saigon intersection was a public relations disaster for the Diem regime, and as protests continued, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu, raided pagodas across the country on August 21, killing hundreds and causing extensive damage under the declaration of martial law.
Universities and high schools were closed amid mass pro-Buddhist protests.
In the meantime, the fight against the Vietcong insurgency had begun to lose intensity as rumours spread of sectarian infighting among Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) troops.
This was compounded by coup plotting by various ARVN officers which distracted attention from fighting the Vietcong insurgency.
In the aftermath of the pagoda raids, the Kennedy administration sent Cable 243 to the US Embassy, Saigon, ordering it to explore alternative leadership possibilities.
Expedition.
A fact finding expedition dispatched by the Kennedy administration to South Vietnam in early September 1963.
The stated purpose of the expedition was to investigate the progress of the war by South Vietnam and the American military advisers against the Vietcong insurgency.
The mission was led by U.S Marine Corps Major General Victor Krulak and Mendenhall.
The four-day whirlwind trip was dispatched on the same day of a National Security Council meeting on September 6 and came in the wake of increasingly strained relations between the United States and South Vietnam.
Civil unrest gripped that nation as Buddhist demonstrations against the religious discrimination of President Ngo Dinh Diem escalated.
Following the raids on Buddhist pagodas on August 21 which left an estimated triple figure death toll, the US had authorised investigations into a possible coup in a cable to US Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. as South Vietnam descended into chaos.
The report of the conclusion was that Krulak presented an extremely optimistic report on the progress of the war, while Mendenhall presented an extremely bleak picture of military failure and public discontent.
The divergent reports led US President John F. Kennedy to famously ask his two advisers whether they had visited the same country.
The inconclusive report saw a follow-up mission sent to Vietnam, the McNamara Taylor mission, led by U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Maxwell Taylor.
Later career.
In January 1964, Mendenhall became director of the State Department's Vietnam Working Group and in July he became the director of the Office of Far Eastern Regional Affairs.
In 1965, he was named director of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Laos, then the second largest such agency in the world.
In 1968, he returned to Washington as deputy director, and later head of the USAID Vietnam Bureau.
It features seven quintet performances by Murray and Newton with John Hicks, Fred Hopkins, Billy Hart and Andrew Cyrille.
Reception.
Albums charts.
History.
In the 1970s and the 1980s, Polish music monthly "Non Stop" published a year-end list of the best selling albums in Poland.
In the mid-1990s, two monthly sales lists were launched and published in music magazines.
The first one was a top 50 compiled by ZPAV, based on shipment, not sales, which continues to be published to date.
This chart was compiled from actual sale figures as reported by over 130 music shops across Poland and included both albums and singles.
From autumn 1994 to September 1997, journalist Artur Orzech presented a top 20 albums list on Radio Bis which was later extended to 25 and 30 positions.
This chart was also based on actual sales data obtained from about 150 music shops, including albums as well as singles.
The official weekly albums chart, OLiS, consisting of 50 positions, was launched in October 2000.
This chart was strictly based on physical albums sales from selected major retailers.
In 2010 monthly OLiS chart was also launched.
In 2017, weekly and monthly vinyl sales charts were launched to reflect the resurgence of popularity of the vinyl format.
Singles charts.
History.
There has been no official singles chart in Poland based on actual sales data.
In the 1970s and the 1980s, Polish music monthly "Non Stop" published selected year-end statistics regarding the singles market.
The popularity of individual songs has always been reflected by radio polls and hit lists, compiled from the listeners' votes.
Not many singles were released and the market instead focused on longplays and 4-track extended plays.
The single format has been somewhat substituted with cardboard records which were produced on a massive scale and sold in large quantities.
Efforts to boost the sales of CD singles in the 1990s were unsuccessful and Polish artists have rarely released singles in physical format.
The 1928 San Francisco Seals season was the 26th season in the history of the San Francisco Seals baseball team.
Nick Williams was the team's manager.
In the 1928 PCL championship series, the Seals defeated the Sacramento Solons four games to two.
The 1925 Seals were selected in 2003 by a panel of minor league experts as the ninth best team in the PCL's 100-year history.
The team was also selected by Minor League Baseball as the 50th best team in minor league history.
According to one published account, the Seals in 1928 were "considered the second most valuable franchise in sports, second only to the New York Yankees."
The team's outfield trio of Smead Jolley, Earl Averill, and Roy Johnson, rated by some as the best minor league outfield in history, combined for 813 hits, 103 home runs, and 437 RBIs.
Right fielder Jolley won the PCL's Triple Crown, leading the league with a .404 batting average, 45 home runs, 188 RBIs, 309 hits, and 516 total bases.
Center fielder Averill, a Baseball Hall of Fame inductee, led the league with 178 runs and finished second behind Jolly with 173 RBIs.
Left fielder Johnson hit .360 and led the PCL with 16 triples.
Though remembered mostly for their offensive output and .308 team batting average, the 1928 Seals also had a strong pitching staff.
Dutch Ruether, a native of Alameda, California, led the PCL with 29 wins and 28 complete games.
Elmer Jacobs won 22 games, had a streak of 35 scoreless innings, and led the league with 159 strikeouts and a 2.56 earned run average.
Duster Mails, a native of San Quentin, California, won 20 games and struck out 152 batters.
Players.
The Valour Cross () is the highest military decoration of Denmark.
Established on 14 November 2011, and first awarded on 18 November 2011, it is awarded for outstanding acts of courage in combat.
Criteria.
The Valour Cross is presented for extraordinary courage occurring during combat, where the soldier acted altruistically in an obviously dangerous situation.
Efforts are aimed at promoting the solution of an important task or to save the lives of others.
Description.
On the obverse in the center of the cross is a gold medallion with HM The Queen's monogram above the year "2010".
Each of the four arms of the cross bear three letters each of the inscription "FOR TAPPERHED" (meaning "for valour").
The reverse is engraved with the name and grade of the recipient, as well as the location and year of the event for which they were honoured.
The Valour Cross is suspended from a white ribbon with a red center stripe.
When worn as a ribbon bar it is the same as the Defence Medal for Bravery but bears a miniature of the gold medallion from the center of the cross.
Recipients.
Since the creation of the Valour Cross, there has been only one recipient of the decoration.
This first recipient is Sergeant Casper Westphalen Mathiesen of the Engineer Regiment, based in Skive, Denmark.
On 19 February 2010, while deployed to Afghanistan with ISAF, Sergeant Mathiesen risked his own life and well being to defend a wounded comrade during a firefight.
The church was touted as "the largest glass building in the world" when it was completed in 1981.
The building has one of the largest musical instruments in the world, the Hazel Wright Organ.
From 1981 to 2013, the building was the principal place of worship for Crystal Cathedral Ministries (now Shepherd's Grove), a congregation of the Reformed Church in America, founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller.
The ministry's weekly television program "Hour of Power" was formerly produced from the building.
Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed for bankruptcy in October 2010 and in February 2012 sold the building and its adjacent campus to the Diocese of Orange for use as the diocese's new cathedral.
The building, especially the interior, was renovated by Johnson Fain to accommodate the Catholic liturgy.
Following the completion of construction, the building was consecrated and formally renamed "Christ Cathedral", the seat of the Diocese of Orange, on July 17, 2019.
History.
Origins and construction.
The Garden Grove Community Church was founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller and his wife Arvella.
A congregation of the Reformed Church in America, the church first held services in space rented from the Orange Drive-In Theatre.
The congregation moved to the present Christ Cathedral campus in 1961, erecting a building now known as the Arboretum, designed by architect Richard Neutra, as its initial sanctuary.
In 1968, the congregation completed the Tower of Hope to provide office and classroom space but continued growth led to the need for a new sanctuary.
This and other measures are intended to allow the building to withstand an earthquake of magnitude 8.0.
The congregation added the Prayer Spire in 1990. 2010 bankruptcy.
Beginning in 2010, creditors of Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed lawsuits to collect money due to them for providing goods, services and broadcasting "The Hour of Power" weekly TV show.
Church officials said that they had been trying to negotiate payments but after several suits were filed and writs of attachment were granted, the church had to declare bankruptcy.
The church received offers from a real estate investment group and nearby Chapman University.
Purchase by the Diocese of Orange.
On July 7, 2011, the Diocese of Orange, which had previously purchased land and started planning for construction of a new and larger cathedral in Santa Ana because growth of the diocese had rendered Holy Family Cathedral in Orange too small for diocesan functions, announced that it was "potentially interested" in buying the Crystal Cathedral campus for future use as its diocesan cathedral.
Days after the judge's ruling, Italian newspaper "La Stampa" used a picture of the Crystal Cathedral to illustrate an article reporting on the establishment of a Vatican commission "to put a stop to garage style churches, boldly shaped structures that risk denaturing modern places for Catholic worship".
The Vatican approved the use of the building two weeks after the judge's ruling.
The sale to the diocese was finalized on February 3, 2012.
The diocese transferred the parish to the Crystal Cathedral campus and renamed it Christ Cathedral Parish.
The transfer of the cemetery located on the campus was immediate, and the diocese established offices on the campus soon after.
Tod Brown, Bishop of Orange at the time, stated that the diocese would hire an architect to renovate the interior of the facility to make it suitable for the Catholic liturgy, but that it did not intend to substantially change the exterior.
On June 9, 2012, the diocese announced that the building would be known as "Christ Cathedral" when it became the diocese's new cathedral, and that Fr.
Christopher Smith will be rector and episcopal vicar.
The church's new patronal name was designated by the Holy See, while suggestions were also taken from the diocese and its members.
In October 2012, the diocese held its first event at the cathedral, the 7th Orange County Catholic Prayer Breakfast.
Prayer was held as part of the event, but the diocese did not celebrate Mass in the cathedral building until its solemn dedication after completion of the renovation.
Crystal Cathedral Ministries held its final worship service in the Crystal Cathedral building on June 30, 2013.
That congregation held its first service at the campus of the former St. Callistus Church, which it renamed Shepherd's Grove, on July 7, 2013.
The new location is 12921 Lewis Street at Garden Grove Boulevard, one mile south of the Crystal Cathedral.
At the same time, St. Callistus Parish moved to the Crystal Cathedral campus, worshipping in the Arboretum until the completion of the renovations to the cathedral building.
St. Callistus Catholic school moved into the former Crystal Cathedral Academy facility, changing its name to Christ Cathedral Academy, in September 2013.
Renovation and 2019 consecration.
On September 24, 2014, the diocese released its proposed redesign plans for the building, created by Johnson Fain, including extensive changes to the interior intended to make the building more suitable for the "altar-centered" Catholic ritual while retaining some qualities of the original design.
Among the changes, the glass walls will be lined with angled "petals" that will reduce the amount of outside light, deemed as distracting from the altar.
At the same time, the petals will include exterior lights to enhance the building's visibility at night, producing an effect described as a "box of stars".
The route from the parking lot to the plaza will be lined with crape myrtle trees, symbolizing the "beginning" of holiness in progression to the altar.
On May 25, 2017, the diocese signed general contractor Snyder Langston for the renovation, with construction slated to begin on June 1, 2017, and expected to be completed by late-2018.
On June 29, 2018, the Bishop of Orange, Kevin Vann, proclaimed a "holy year of preparation" ahead of the consecration.
A formal celebration event and Pacific Symphony concert was held on July 13, 2019, ahead of the dedication Mass.
The shrine of Our Lady of La Vang was installed on the grounds in 2021.
The statue of the Virgin Mary is capped by a spiraling canopy.
Organ.
Constructed by Fratelli Ruffatti based on specifications by Virgil Fox and expanded by Frederick Swann, the instrument incorporates the large Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ built in 1962 for New York's Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall), and the Ruffatti organ which had been installed in the church's previous sanctuary.
Swann was organist at the Crystal Cathedral from 1982 to 1998.
Re-installation of the renovated organ was completed in early 2020.
Re-voicing was put on hiatus due to the Covid-19 pandemic and resumed at the end of 2021 and the organ's restoration was completed on February 7, 2022.
The organ is now regularly used during weekend Mass services.
Population.
Devin Haney vs. Vasiliy Lomachenko, billed as "Checkmate", was a professional boxing match contested in the lightweight division between the undisputed champion, Devin Haney, and former three-division world champion, Vasiliy Lomachenko.
The bout took place on 20 May 2023 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.
The fight ended in a unanimous decision win for Haney.
Background.
On 19 August 2019, Lomachenko defeated Luke Campbell and won the vacant WBC title, despite holding and defending belts with other sanctioning bodies.
Just two weeks after this, Devin Haney defeated Zaur Abdullaev and won the WBC interim title, thus becoming the WBC mandatory challenger.
Lomachenko opted to be named the WBC "franchise champion" and Haney was elevated from interim to world champion.
This prompted Haney to accuse Lomachenko of "ducking" him.
On 27 March 2022, Haney struck a deal with unified lightweight champion George Kambosos Jr to fight for the undisputed championship.
Lomachenko declined to fight Kambosos, opting to stay and fight for his country after Russia invaded Ukraine.
Haney would defeat Kambosos to become the first undisputed lightweight champion since Pernell Whitaker.
He would retain his titles by defeating Kambosos in a rematch that took place on 16 October 2022.
Discussions for the fight with Lomachenko began immediately after the Kambosos fight.
Haney, a practicing Muslim, indicated that he preferred the fight to take place before March, so as to not conflict with Ramadan.
He also accused his promoter Top Rank of favoritism towards Lomachenko, claiming that Top Rank and Lomachenko's management wanted the fight pushed to May to force him to stay weight-drained for longer.
Eventually, a deal was struck for a fight at the MGM Grand on May 20.
The 1997 All-Ireland Senior B Football Championship was the eighth edition of the All-Ireland Senior B Football Championship, the second tier Gaelic football competition introduced by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in 1990.
The competition ended in victory for Louth, who defeated Clare in the final at Ballinasloe by three points.
Format.
The championship began in September and was played on a straight knockout open-draw basis, with extra-time playable if teams finished level at the end of normal time.
Associated Signature Containers (ASiC) specifies the use of container structures to bind together one or more signed objects with either advanced electronic signatures or timestamp tokens into one single digital container.
Regulatory context.
This data is stored in the ASiC in a ZIP format.
Structure.
A time assertion file would either contain a one timestamp token that will conform to IETF RFC 3161, whereas a single evidence record would conform to IETF RFC 4998 or IETF RFC6283.
How ASiC is used.
One of the purposes of an electronic signature is to secure the data that it is attached to it from being modified.
This can be done by creating a dataset that combines the signature with its signed data or to store the detached signature to a separate resource and then utilize an external process to re-associate the signature with its data.
It can be advantageous to use detached signatures because it prevents unauthorized modifications to the original data objects.
However, by doing this, there is the risk that the detached signature will become separated from its associated data.
If this were to happen, the association would be lost and therefore, the data would become inaccessible.
One of the most widespread deployments of the ASiC standard is the Estonian digital signature system with the use of multiplatform (Windows, Linux, MacOS (OSX)) software called DigiDoc.
Types of ASiC containers.
Using the correct tool for each job is always important.
With this container, a single file object is associated with a signature or time assertion file.
When a mimetype file is included, it is required to be the first file in the ASiC container.
This container type will allow additional signatures to be added in the future to be used to sign stored file objects.
When long-term time-stamp tokens are used, ASiC Archive Manifest files are used to protect long-term time-stamp tokens from tampering.
ASiC Extended (ASiC-E).
This type of container can hold one or more signature or time assertion files.
ASiC-E with XAdES deals with signature files, while ASiC-E with CAdES deals with time assertions.
The files within these ASiC containers apply to their own file object sets.
Each file object might have additional metadata or information that is associated with it that can also be protected by the signature.
An ASiC-E container could be designed to prevent this modification or allow its inclusion without causing damage to previous signatures.
Both of these ASiC containers are capable of maintaining long-term availability and integrity when storing XAdES or CAdES signatures through the use of time-stamp tokens or evidence record manifest files that are contained within the containers.
ASiC containers must comply with the ZIP specification and limitations that are applied to ZIP.
ASiC-S time assertion additional container.
This container operates under the baseline requirements of the ASiC Simple (ASiC-S) container but it also provides additional time assertion requirements.
ASiC-E CAdES additional container.
This container has the same baselines as an ASiC-E container, but with additional restrictions.
ASiC-E time assertion additional container.
This container complies with ASiC-E baseline requirements along with additional requirements and restrictions.
Reduced risk of loss of electronic signature.
The use of ASiC reduces the risk of an electronic signature becoming separated from its data by combining the signature and its signed data in a container.
With both elements secured within an ASiC, it is easier to distribute a signature and guarantee that the correct signature and its metadata is being used during validation.
The 1910 Wellington City mayoral election was held to determine the next Mayor of Wellington.
The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.
Background.
The incumbent Mayor, Alfred Newman did not stand for re-election.
At this time Wellington held their council elections biennially and the Mayoralty was annually.
Thomas Wilford was elected to office as the new Mayor of Wellington, after four unsuccessful attempts prior, beating his sole opponent Charles John Crawford.
The 1910 local elections were the first in which residents as well as ratepayers were eligible to vote.
Divisaderos the municipal seat of Divisaderos Municipality of the Mexican state of Sonora.
Access is by paved road to Moctezuma and Tepache.
Death at Love House (a.k.a.
The Shrine of Lorna Love) is a 1976 American made-for-television horror film directed by E.W.
Swackhamer and starring Robert Wagner, Kate Jackson, Sylvia Sidney and Marianna Hill.
The film aired on the ABC network on September 3, 1976.
Plot.
While on a tour in Hollywood, a young couple, Joel and Donna Gregory, arrive at the house of Lorna Love, an infamous actress who died in 1935.
There, they meet with housekeeper Clara Josephs and agent Oscar Payne, to investigate the mystery behind Lorna and finish a book that they are writing on the actress, an interest that came out of the discovery that Joel's father was her lover.
While staying at the mansion, strange incidents occur.
The couple immediately notice a portrait of Lorna, painted by Joel's father, and shortly after, Donna catches a 1930s-dressed woman at the center-located shrine in the garden, wherein Lorna's embalmed body rests on permanent display.
At their first night, they are visited by Conan Carroll, a film director who directed Lorna in her first breakthrough film "Gone of Desire".
Conan claims that Lorna ruined his life, and that Joel Sr. was the only person ever to walk away from her, after telling her that she had no soul.
He quickly wants to exit the mansion, leaving Joel and Donna with even more questions.
As Conan leaves, he is attacked by an unknown creature, and falls in the fountain, in which he drowns following a heart attack.
While processing this information, Donna finds a mysterious blade that was commonly used in witchcraft and one of her photos torn apart.
Joel, meanwhile, tries to find out more on a locked room, and finds out through Clara that it was Joel Sr. and Lorna's bedroom.
Later that day, Joel and Donna visit Denise Christian, an aged actress and former rival of Lorna at a set for a commercial.
Denise explains that Lorna tried to blackball her at every studio as soon as Denise became as big of a star as her.
She continues to tell that she first met Joel Sr. at the studio - where Joel Sr. was working in the art department - and that Lorna stole him from her just to bug Denise.
Back at the mansion, Joel finds a book about witch spells, and becomes obsessed with Lorna, fantasizing about her.
Moments later, the same man who scared Conan tries to murder Donna through carbon monoxide poisoning in a locked bathroom, and Joel and Clara are only just in time to save her.
Donna initially insists on leaving, but decides to support her husband as he explains that he is near discovering Lorna's secrets and thus cannot leave yet.
They next meet with Marcella Geffenhart, Lorna's self-proclaimed best friend.
She tells them about "Father Eternal Fire", a spiritual man, though refuses to elaborate on the witchcraft blade that Donna found.
After the conversation, Donna claims that Marcella is the woman who ran past Lorna's shrine on the first day of their arrival, and wants to continue meeting with Marcella.
Joel, however, forbids her from doing so, explaining that Lorna deserves to have secrets.
Donna, meanwhile, has again spotted the woman from day one and reaches out to Joel for help.
The next morning, Donna pleads to leave, but Joel again protects Lorna and refuses to go.
Donna then meets with Oscar who reveals that part of the healer's activities involved fire, and that her husband is not safe in the mansion.
Donna hurries to save Joel, and finds a terrified Marcella at the mansion along with the witchcraft blade cut through a photo of her.
As she looks around, she finds a rubber mask, a gray-hair wig and dress hanging on a hook, and realizes that "Clara Josephs" is actually a very much alive (and psychotic) Lorna Love.
While under her spell, Joel kisses her at the shrine and fire breaks out.
The supposed body of Lorna in the shrine melts in the fire, revealing it to have been a wax figure all along.
Founded in 1994, Alternatives, Action and Communication Network for International Development, is a non-governmental, international solidarity organization based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Alternatives works to promote justice and equality amongst individuals and communities worldwide.
Active in over 35 countries, Alternatives supports local, community-based initiatives working towards the greater economic, social, and political rights of people and communities affected by poverty, discrimination, exploitation, and violence.
The organization publishes the "Le Journal des Alternatives" newsletter, a publication inserted every three months in Montreal's French paper "Le Voir".
Alternatives also publishes the "Alternatives International Journal", a monthly publication in English distributed electronically.
Alternatives Montreal is the headquarters of an International Federation consisting of nine NGOs spread across the world.
Alternative-Niger, Alternatives Asia (New Delhi), Alternative Information Center (Jerusalem), Forum Macrocain des Alternatives Sud, , Institut Alternatives Terrazul, Khanya College, and Teacher Creativity Center.
Vision.
Alternatives knows that, through the development of sustainable societies, another world is possible.
This belief is grounded in the engagement, experience, and values of Alternatives' members and the social movements to which they belong.
Mission statement.
Alternatives' aim is to help the networking, building, and promoting of innovative initiatives in popular and social movements that are fighting for economic, social, political, cultural and environmental rights."
The organization says that it wants to "strengthen citizen action and reinforce the contribution of social movements in the construction of sustainable societies."
International program.
Alternatives is present in Latin America, Africa, Europe and the Middle East, as well as Central, South and Southeast Asia.
Alternatives Montreal is the headquarters of a federation consisting of nine NGOs spread across the world.
Alternative-Niger, Alternatives Asia (New Delhi), Alternative Information Center (Jerusalem), Forum Macrocain des Alternatives Sud, , Institut Alternatives Terrazul, Khanya College, and Teacher Creativity Center.
Alternatives supports network creation between groups so that they can benefit from their shared experiences and successes.
Network formation is crucial since it allows for a deepened analysis and comprehension of the conflicts affecting their communities from the outside.
Alternatives has been criticised as a political organisation supporting "left-leaning causes" through taxpayer funds, provided by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).
The Conservative government noted that the Alternatives' board includes "supporters of Hezbollah and Hamas, such as Ali Mallah, vice-president of the Canadian Arab Federation."
In addition, the government was reported to have been concerned regarding a 2008 "education camp" at Saint-Alphonse de Rodriguez in Quebec, was attended by "500 motivated militants" from Lebanon, Iraq, and Venezuela.
Youth Internship Programs.
Alternatives organizes overseas youth internship programs (such as Alternatives' NetCorps program), with the aim of developing a sense of solidarity and curiosity about other regions within youth.
These internships emphasize understanding Third World realities and encouraging actions that will advance Alternatives' message of justice.
Thanks to the internships, hundreds of young people have had the opportunity to participate in uncommon professional, cultural, and human experiences.
Alternatives is an organization that produces and participates in many conferences, that publishes a newspaper and several Web sites, and that organizes educational and informational activities.
The Alternatives newspaper, a monthly compendium of international, national, and cultural news, has a distribution of 50,000, creating a window of alternative information on the world.
Whether in Quebec, Canada, or the world, Alternatives works to raise public awareness of international and local policy debates and keep people informed of the links between them.
Through its information and educational campaigns, reflecting our concerns with equality and justice for the South, Alternatives goes beyond the general public to reach policymakers.
At the local level, our work involves environmental concerns, participatory democracy, out-reach and solidarity programs with immigrant communities and the promotion of pro-social policies.
The retreat promotes reflection, engagement and education and has hundreds of participants yearly.
Alternatives' Rooftop Gardens Project in Montreal.
Since 2003, Alternatives has funded and promoted promotes a Rooftop Garden Project, which has been exploring new ways to interact with urban man-made environment and the food cycle, for a greener city and healthier communities.
The Rooftop Garden Project is a combination of hydroponic cultivation, permaculture, organic agriculture and collective gardening.
The new green community spaces have been designed as collective gardens, making participation possible in both public and private areas.
This is founded in a desire to offer some simple food production models that are affordable, environmentally friendly and easy to adapt for use in both the South and the North, in a response to growing urbanization, pollution and growing urban poverty.
Finances.
Alternatives garners its financial support from a combination donors and members, as well as partner organizations working alongside Alternatives including major unions and church groups, International Organizations and governments.
Supporters.
Individuals across Canada contribute to Alternatives either as donors, members, or by subscribing to the newspaper.
She claimed a bronze medal in the 59-kg division at the 2000 Pan American Taekwondo Championships in Oranjestad, Aruba, and represented her nation Colombia at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Career.
Nacional signed Corujo in 2017.
Charlotte FC signed Corujo on August 30, 2021.
Honours.
Edouard Grikurov (29 March 1907, Tbilisi - 13 December 1982, Leningrad) was a Soviet conductor and People's Artist of the USSR.
Grikurov studied at the Conservatory in Tbilisi with Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, and worked regularly with the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kirov Opera (today Mariinsky Theatre), and the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra.
From 1944 until 1969 Grikurov served as Music Director of the Leningrad State Academic Maly Opera Theatre (today Mikhailovsky Theater).
He was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1951, and was named People's Artist of Russia in 1957.
Until his death he served as professor of conducting at the Leningrad Conservatory.
The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN).
The defending champions were Legia Warsaw, who won their 4th Polish title.
Competition modus.
The season started on 9 August 1969 and concluded on 21 June 1970 (autumn-spring league).
The season was played as a round-robin tournament.
The team at the top of the standings won the league title.
Each team played a total of 26 matches, half at home and half away, two games against each other team.
Miss World 2002, the 52nd edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 7 December 2002 at the Alexandra Palace in London, United Kingdom.
It was initially intended to be staged in Abuja, but due to religious riots in the nearby city of Kaduna (the "Miss World riots") the pageant was relocated to London.
A total of 110 contestants from all over the world were initially invited to compete for the crown, but several contestants boycotted the pageant and others dropping out in protest for the death sentence by stoning determined by an Islamic Sharia court to Amina Lawal, a Nigerian woman accused of adultery, making a total of 88 girls competing for the crown.
It was the first time that audience participation through text messaging together with the scores of the judges helped in determining the results for the Top 20.
She was crowned by Agbani Darego of Nigeria.
Show organizers stated that the event had a global viewership of over 2 billion people, and that it was broadcast in 137 countries.
Contestants. 88 contestants participated in Miss World 2002.
Notes.
Boycotting due to Amina Lawal case.
In the year leading up the finals in Nigeria, several European title holders lobbied their governments and the EU parliament to support Amina's cause.
Among the other boycotting nations were Denmark, Spain, Switzerland, Panama, Belgium and Kenya.
There was further controversy over the possibly suspended participation of France and South Africa, which may or may not have been due to the boycott.
For her part, Lawal asked that contestants not suspend their participation in the contest, saying that it was for the good of her country and that they could, as the representative of Sweden had earlier remarked, make a much stronger case for her on the ground in Nigeria.
Despite the increasing international profile the boycott was garnering in the world press, the contest went ahead in Nigeria after being rescheduled to avoid taking place during Ramadan, with many prominent nations sending delegates.
Osmel Sousa of Venezuela, one of the world's most influential national directors, famously said "there is no question about it (the participation of Miss Venezuela in the contest)."
The trouble did not end there, however.
A "Thisday" (Lagos, Nigeria) newspaper editorial suggesting that Muhammad would probably have chosen one of his wives from among the contestants had he been alive to see it, resulted in inter-religious riots that started on 22 November in which over 200 people were killed in the city of Kaduna, along with many houses of worship being burned by religious zealots.
Because of these "Miss World riots", the 2002 pageant was moved to London, following widely circulated reports that the representatives of Canada and Korea had withdrawn from the contest and returned to their respective countries out of safety concerns.
A ferrite is a ceramic material made by mixing and firing large proportions of iron(III) oxide (, rust) blended with small proportions of one or more additional metallic elements, such as strontium, barium, manganese, nickel, and zinc.
They are ferrimagnetic, meaning they can be magnetized or attracted to a magnet.
Unlike other ferromagnetic materials, most ferrites are not electrically conductive, making them useful in applications like magnetic cores for transformers to suppress eddy currents.
Ferrites can be divided into two families based on their resistance to being demagnetized (magnetic coercivity).
Hard ferrites have high coercivity, so are difficult to demagnetize.
They are used to make permanent magnets for applications such as refrigerator magnets, loudspeakers, and small electric motors.
Soft ferrites have low coercivity, so they easily change their magnetization and act as conductors of magnetic fields.
They are used in the electronics industry to make efficient magnetic cores called ferrite cores for high-frequency inductors, transformers and antennas, and in various microwave components.
Ferrite compounds are extremely low cost, being made of mostly iron oxide, and have excellent corrosion resistance.
Yogoro Kato and Takeshi Takei of the Tokyo Institute of Technology synthesized the first ferrite compounds in 1930.
Composition, structure, and properties.
Ferrites are usually ferrimagnetic ceramic compounds derived from iron oxides.
Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a famous example.
Like most of the other ceramics, ferrites are hard, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity.
Many ferrites adopt the spinel structure with the formula AB2O4, where A and B represent various metal cations, usually including iron (Fe). and the other one fourth by B cation.
In terms of their magnetic properties, the different ferrites are often classified as "soft", "semi-hard" or "hard", which refers to their low or high magnetic coercivity, as follows.
Soft ferrites.
Soft ferrites are not permanent magnets.
They have magnetism (much like mild steel), but when the magnetic field is removed, the magnetism decreases.
Soft ferrites are commonly used as transformers (to change the voltage from primary to secondary windings).
As a result, soft ferrites are also called transformer ferrites.They have a low coercivity.
The low coercivity means the material's magnetization can easily reverse direction without dissipating much energy (hysteresis losses), while the material's high resistivity prevents eddy currents in the core, another source of energy loss.
Because of their comparatively low losses at high frequencies, they are extensively used in the cores of RF transformers and inductors in applications such as switched-mode power supplies and loopstick antennas used in AM radios.
Hard ferrites.
In contrast, permanent ferrite magnets are made of hard ferrites, which have a high coercivity and high remanence after magnetization.
Iron oxide and barium or strontium carbonate are used in manufacturing of hard ferrite magnets.
The high coercivity means the materials are very resistant to becoming demagnetized, an essential characteristic for a permanent magnet.
They also have high magnetic permeability.
These so-called "ceramic magnets" are cheap, and are widely used in household products such as refrigerator magnets.
The maximum magnetic field "B" is about 0.35 tesla and the magnetic field strength "H" is about 30 to 160 kiloampere turns per meter (400 to 2000 oersteds).
For barium and strontium ferrites, these metals are typically supplied as their carbonates, BaCO3 or SrCO3.
The resulting mixture of oxides undergoes sintering.
Processing.
Next the powder is pressed into a shape, dried, and re-sintered.
The shaping may be performed in an external magnetic field, in order to achieve a preferred orientation of the particles (anisotropy).
Small and geometrically easy shapes may be produced with dry pressing.
However, in such a process small particles may agglomerate and lead to poorer magnetic properties compared to the wet pressing process.
Direct calcination and sintering without re-milling is possible as well but leads to poor magnetic properties.
Electromagnets are pre-sintered as well (pre-reaction), milled and pressed.
However, the sintering takes place in a specific atmosphere, for instance one with an oxygen shortage.
The chemical composition and especially the structure vary strongly between the precursor and the sintered product.
To allow efficient stacking of product in the furnace during sintering and prevent parts sticking together, many manufacturers separate ware using ceramic powder separator sheets.
These sheets are available in various materials such as alumina, zirconia and magnesia.
They are also available in fine, medium and coarse particle sizes.
By matching the material and particle size to the ware being sintered, surface damage and contamination can be reduced while maximizing furnace loading.
Uses.
Ferrite cores are used in electronic inductors, transformers, and electromagnets where the high electrical resistance of the ferrite leads to very low eddy current losses.
Early computer memories stored data in the residual magnetic fields of hard ferrite cores, which were assembled into arrays of "core memory".
Ferrite powders are used in the coatings of magnetic recording tapes.
Ferrite particles are also used as a component of radar-absorbing materials or coatings used in stealth aircraft and in the absorption tiles lining the rooms used for electromagnetic compatibility measurements.
Most common audio magnets, including those used in loudspeakers and electromagnetic instrument pickups, are ferrite magnets.
Except for certain "vintage" products, ferrite magnets have largely displaced the more expensive Alnico magnets in these applications.
In particular, for hard hexaferrites today the most common uses are still as permanent magnets in refrigerator seal gaskets, microphones and loud speakers, small motors for cordless appliances and in automobile applications.
Ferrite nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic properties.
History.
Yogoro Kato and Takeshi Takei of the Tokyo Institute of Technology synthesized the first ferrite compounds in 1930.
This led to the founding of TDK Corporation in 1935, to manufacture the material.
On discovering that it was actually a magnetic material, and confirming its structure by X-ray crystallography, they passed it on to the magnetic research group.
It was developed as a product by Philips Industries (Netherlands) and from 1952 was marketed under the trade name "Ferroxdure".
The low price and good performance led to a rapid increase in the use of permanent magnets.
Barium and strontium hexaferrite dominate the market due to their low costs.
The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) is the government agency responsible for regional transportation planning and financing in the San Francisco Bay Area.
The MTC is fourth most populous metropolitan planning organization in the United States.
Duties.
MTC is designated a regional transportation planning agency (RTPA) by the State of California and a metropolitan planning organization (MPO) by the federal government.
MTC administers state-provided money through the Transportation Development Act (TDA) and has decision-making authority over the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP).
MTC administers federal funding through various grant programs, including the Transportation for Livable Communities (TLC) Program, Low Income Flexible Transportation (LIFT) Program, and Innovative Climate Grants Program.
MTC has overseen administration of toll revenue collected on the eight State-owned bridges in the Bay Area through the Bay Area Toll Authority (BATA) since 2005.
From 1997 through 2004, BATA administered only a portion of the toll revenue.
Since 1999, MTC has worked to implement a regional transit fare-collection system called Clipper (formerly TransLink), where transit riders use a single card to pay fares on the region's different transit systems.
MTC manages various regional operational programs, including 511, the Freeway Service Patrol (FSP), call boxes, ridesharing, FasTrak electronic toll collection, regional pavement management (including the pavement management system software StreetSaver), arterial operations, and regional signal timing programs.
MTC operates a library that jointly supports MTC and ABAG.
The library, which is open to the public, has a collection covering transportation and planning issues for the Bay Area.
Budget.
Governing structure.
In July 2016, the ABAG board approved the consolidation of its staff under MTC, combining the work of the Bay Area's two primary regional planning agencies.
Kanayochukwu Megwa is an English professional footballer who plays for Hibernian F.C. as a defender.
Career.
Although born in London, Megwa played in Dubai as a teenager and spent time on trial with English Championship clubs such as Watford and West Brom before agreeing a move to Hibernian in the summer of 2021.
He signed a new contract with Hibs in March 2023.
He joined Kelty Hearts of the Scottish League One on loan for the end of the 2022-23 season.
He made his league debut on 4 March 2023 for Kelty Hearts against FC Edinburgh.
On his return to Hibernian, he was training and playing with the first-team squad on their pre-season tour of Spain.
Style of play.
A defender with the potential to be versatile, Megwa played for Hibernian in the UEFA Youth League at right-back, right-wingback, right-sided centre-back in a back four and left-sided and right-sided centre-back in a back three formation.
Personal life.
"You Can Depend on Me" is a song written by Charles Carpenter, Louis Dunlap and Earl "Fatha" Hines. and first recorded by Louis Armstrong (1931 and 1951).
It should not be confused with the song of the same name, "(You Can) Depend on Me," recorded by Smokey Robinson and The Miracles in 1959.
Other recorded versions.
The congress had in that opportunity more than one hundred of visual semioticians coming from all over the world.
At that time, the association was called International Association of Semiology of the Image, or AISIM (according to its acronym in French), and its name was changed in 1992.
As its name indicates (visual semiotics), the main objective of the IAVS is to gather semioticians all over the world who are interested in images and, in more general terms, in visual signification, without privileging any particular interpretation of semiotics, and without favoring any semiotic tradition in particular.
The congresses.
After the foundational congress in Blois, the second congress of the IAVS was held in Bilbao, Spain, in 1992, while the third congress was integrated with the international congress of the AIS-IASS (International Association for Semiotic Studies) held at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, in 1994.
The next congresses were organized in Sao Paulo, Brazil (1996), Siena, Italy (1998), Quebec City, Canada (2001).
The 7th congress was organized in Mexico City in 2003 and was continued with the sessions of 2004 in Lyon, during the 8th Congress of the International Association for Semiotic Studies.
The IAVS has also organized meetings or sessions together with the International Association of the Semiotics of Space, mainly during the IASS congress held in Dresden, Germany, in October 1999.
Other joint sessions were held during the IAVS congress in Quebec City.
Executive committee.
The first president of the IAVS was Michel Costantini in 1989.
The second president, elected during the congress in Berkeley, California, in 1994, was Jacques Fontanille, from the University of Limoges.
Publications.
The honorary committee was composed by Hubert Damisch, Umberto Eco and Boris Uspensky.
Urethrostomy is a surgical procedure that creates a permanent opening in the urethra, commonly to remove obstructions to urine flow.
The procedure is most often performed in male cats, where the opening is made in the perineum.
History.
For many years perineal urethrostomy has been used in cattle, sheep and goats, especially young males that have been castrated at a young age, for obstruction by uroliths.
However, the anatomy of the male cat is quite different and the urethra is very small in diameter.
Perineal urethrostomy in the male cat was developed in 1962 and published in the "Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association" in 1963.
It was modified in 1967, and further modified in 1971.
Pre-surgical considerations.
Since animals are potentially suffering from severe metabolic derangements at the time of initial presentation, animals need to be stabilized prior to surgery.
Common physiologic derangements noted on bloodwork are elevated kidneys values (azotemia) and elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
Ideally, the urethral obstruction is removed or temporarily bypassed with urethral flushing (urohydropulsion) and the placement of an in-dwelling urinary catheter prior to surgery.
This catheter allows urine to be removed from the body, and, along with fluid therapy, help normalize blood derangements to resolve prior to anesthesia.
There are many types of catheters commonly used, including common red rubber catheters, stiff Tomcat catheters, soft and flexible Cook catheters or semi-rigid "Slippery Sam" catheters.
Sedation is usually required for urohydropulsion and the placement of a urinary catheter due to the associated pain with the procedure.
A combination of injectable ketamine and diazepam is a safer option for sedation considering its reduced cardiopulmary depression effects compared to other anesthetics.
A combination of etomidate and diazepam would be an even safer anesthetic consideration, but etomidate is not commonly carried by general veterinary practitioners due to its cost.
Fluid therapy is equally essential for correcting derangements.
Insulin is sometimes used intravenously to temporarily reduce high potassium levels.
Calcium gluconate can also be used to protect the myocardium (heart muscle) from the negative effects of hyperkalemia.
Rarely, an urethral obstruction cannot not be removed on initial presentation and emergency surgery must be performed immediately to return urethral patency and save the animal's life.
These animals are at a much higher risk under anesthesia.
Surgical technique.
The cat can be placed in either dorsal or ventral recumbency.
An elliptical incision is made around the base of the cat's penis and scrotum.
If the cat has not been neutered previously, it must be neutered before the perineal urethrostomy can be performed.
A combination of sharp and blunt dissection is started ventrally (the underside of the penis) to expose the penis' muscular and soft tissue attachments to the pelvis.
After removing these soft tissue attachments to the pelvis, dissection is continued dorsally (on top of the penis) to remove the dorsal retractor penile muscle and other soft tissue covering the site of the required urethral incision.
All of these dissection steps are necessary to free the penis from the pelvis, allowing the veterinarian to move the significantly wider pelvic urethra caudally (or rearward) so it can be attached to the skin.
After the penile body is freed, a dorsal incision is started at the tip of the penis using either a small scalpel blade or fine ophthalmic scissors.
This incision is extended to a level at or above the bulbourethral glands.
At this level, the urethra is considered wide enough to create an adequate stoma, or urethral opening.
4-0 PDS).
The remainder of the penis is amputated and any remaining skin defect is closed.
As the surgery site heals, the urethral mucosa and skin will heal together creating a permanent stoma.
This stoma (opening) is much larger than the original penile urethra making it unlikely for the animal to obstruct in the future.
This catheter should not be left in longer than this though, as it will increase the likelihood of stricture formation at the surgery site.
Post-operative complications.
Initial post-operative complications include wound infection and excessive pain or bleeding.
These can be controlled commonly with appropriate prescription medications or ice packs if the animal will tolerate them.
A more concerning, though not common, complication is stricture, or narrowing, of the surgery site.
The formation of a stricture will require additional procedures to either try and salvage the initial surgery site or create a new urethral opening (or stoma) under the floor of the pelvis (subpelvic urethrostomy) or immediately in front of the pubic bone (prepubic urethrostomy).
Stanford Olsen (born 1960) is an American tenor who has had an active international career in operas and concerts since 1983.
He has sung with several of the world's leading opera companies, including the Deutsche Oper Berlin, La Scala and the Royal Opera, London.
He was a regular performer at the Metropolitan Opera from 1986 until 1997 where he gave more than 160 performances.
A specialist in light lyric tenor roles, he excelled in the operas of Mozart, Bellini, Donizetti, and Gioachino Rossini.
After retiring from full-time performance in the late 1990s he became a faculty member at the Florida State University's College of Music, where he was Professor of Voice and Lucille P. and Elbert B. Shelfer Eminent Scholar.
In 2015 he was appointed Director of the Castleton Festival's Artist Training Seminar.
He continues to perform on the concert platform in addition to his teaching and coaching.
Life and career.
Olsen was born and raised in Utah.
His family are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and he grew up in that faith.
Prior to college he served a two-year LDS Mission in Vienna, Austria.
He earned a Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Utah in 1984 where he was a voice student of Naomi Farr.
While a student at the U. of U. he married Jennifer Jensen, a piano major at the university, in 1983.
He then pursued further voice studies at the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music.
In 1986 he won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions which led to his admittance into the Lindemann Young Artists Development Program at the Metropolitan Opera.
In 1989 he won the prestigious Naumburg Award.
Olsen made his professional singing debut in 1983, performing in concerts with the Utah Symphony Orchestra.
He made his professional opera debut at the Met on December 18, 1986, as Arturo in Vincenzo Bellini's "I puritani" with Joan Sutherland as Elvira as a replacement in the final act for an ailing Rockwell Blake.
He spent the next three seasons at the Met appearing in supporting roles like Borsa in "Rigoletto", Gastone in "La traviata", Arturo in "Lucia di Lammermoor", and the Song Seller in "Il tabarro".
He did, however, sing the lead role of Nemorino in Donizetti's "L'elisir d'amore" to the Adina of Ruth Ann Swenson in the Met's touring production in July 1988.
His first leading role on the mainstage of the Met was as Count Almaviva in Rossini's "The Barber of Seville" in October 1989.
His final appearance at the Met was as Don Ottavio in "Don Giovanni" in 1997.
The municipality existed from 1913 until its dissolution in 1964.
The area contains good farmland and also good salmon fishing.
History.
During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee.
Name.
The first element is which means "otter".
The last element is which means "island".
Originally, the name was spelled until the early 20th century when it changed to .
Government.
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads.
During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected a mayor.
Stone Letter is a single by the American supergroup Tomahawk.
It was released on vinyl and as a digital download on November 23, 2012.
The song appears on Tomahawk's fourth album "Oddfellows".
Release.
The band was originally going to release the track "Waratorium" as the lead single from "Oddfellows", although it was later cancelled in favor of "Stone Letter".
It seemed the most like other rock that is on the radio."
Music video.
On December 3, 2012 the band released the music video for the song online, directed by Vincent Forcier.
Jessel Allen Carneiro (born 14 July 1990) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as left-back.
Club career.
Youth career.
Jessel was born in Curtorim, a town in Southern Goa.
He started his youth career at Raya FC and later went on to play for his local club FC Curtorim Gymkhana.
In 2016, he signed for FC Bardez which plays in the Goa Professional League.
He was signed again by his former club Dempo S.C in 2018.
Jessel arrived at Kerala Blasters after an impressive stint with Dempo SC in Goa Professional League and for the Goa football team in the Santosh Trophy.
Though Blasters had an ordinary season, Jessel's performance was one of the revelations during 2019-20 ISL.
He was a mainstay at the back for the Blasters and provided five assists, made 78 clearances, 28 tackles, 22 blocks and 22 interceptions.
He also made 746 passes, the highest among any players from the Blasters with a passing rate of 41.44 per game, with an accuracy of 72.65 percent.
He was the only player in the squad to play the entire minutes for the team during the season.
On 1 July 2020, Kerala Blasters officially announced that they have extended the contract of Jessel till 2023.
On 18 November 2020, Jessel was named as one of the vice-captains of the club.
He captained the club in most of the remaining matches of the season when the first choice captain Sergio Cido was ruled out of the season due to an ankle injury.
He was named in the Kerala Blasters squad for the 2021 Durand Cup, where he played all three matches for the club.
On 13 November 2021, Jessel was appointed as the permanent club captain ahead of the 2021-22 season.
In the next day, the Blasters stated that he was contracted with a shoulder injury, and would be out of action for an extended period of time.
On 19 January, he underwent a successful surgery on his left AC joint.
Early life and education.
Born in Fort Ord, California, Jorgenson received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Arizona in 1974 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Arizona College of Law in 1977.
Legal career.
Following law school graduation, Jorgenson was a deputy county attorney in the Pima County, Arizona, County Attorney's Office from 1977 to 1986.
She was then an Assistant United States Attorney of the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Arizona from 1986 to 1996.
She was a judge on the Pima County Superior Court from 1996 to 2002.
Federal judicial career.
On September 10, 2001, Jorgenson was nominated by President George W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Arizona created by 113 Stat.
1501.
She was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 26, 2002, and received her commission on March 6, 2002.
Cecilia Ceccarelli is an Italian astronomer known for her research on astrochemistry and the spectroscopy of protostars.
Ceccarelli completed her Ph.D. in 1982 at Sapienza University of Rome.
Andy Preston (born 16 August 1957) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong, Richmond and Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Preston, from Scotch College, was a utility who made his league debut as a 19-year-old in 1977.
He played for most of the second half of the 1977 season and added another 15 games in 1978 when he averaged 14 disposals.
In 1979 he missed just three games and polled well in the Brownlow Medal count with seven votes, the second best for Geelong.
He spent most of the 1980 and 1981 seasons in the reserves and in both of those years was on the wing when they won the reserves grand final.
He moved to Richmond in 1982 in search of greater opportunities but had to wait until round 12 to play his first game, although he then played every match for the rest of the year.
A utility, he played in Richmond's semi final win over Carlton that year but wasn't selected in the Grand Final, having pulled his hamstring.
He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California.
Education.
Feser holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of California at Santa Barbara, an M.A. in religion from the Claremont Graduate School, and a B.A. in philosophy and religious studies from the California State University at Fullerton.
His thesis is titled "Russell, Hayek, and the Mind-Body Problem".
He also went to Crespi High School in California.
Career.
Feser is an associate professor of philosophy at Pasadena City College and has been a visiting assistant professor of philosophy at Loyola Marymount University and a visiting scholar at Bowling Green State University's Social Philosophy and Policy Center.
His primary academic research interests are in metaphysics, natural theology, the philosophy of mind, and moral and political philosophy.
Feser writes on politics and culture from a conservative point of view and on religion, from a traditional Roman Catholic perspective.
His work has appeared in "The American", "The American Conservative", "Catholic World Report", "City Journal", "The Claremont Review of Books", "Crisis", "First Things", "Liberty", "National Review", "New Oxford Review", "Nova et Vetera", "Public Discourse", "Reason", and "TCS Daily".
Personal life.
Hapoel Zikhron Ya'akov () was an Israeli football club based in Zikhron Ya'akov.
The club played two seasons in the second tier of Israeli football league system.
History.
The club was founded in 1947 and played mostly in the lower divisions of Israeli football.
The AG200 is a motorcycle made by Yamaha for use in agriculture, military, humanitarian aid and other rural professional use.
It is only available in select markets, including Africa, Australia, Latin America and New Zealand.
In 1953, the Public Safety Act was enacted by the apartheid South African government (coming into force 4 March).
This Act empowered the government to declare stringent states of emergency and increased penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law.
This act was passed in response to civil disobedience campaigns by the African National Congress (ANC), in particular the Defiance Campaign of 1952 (instigated by ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu).
The Act included a provision that empowered the government to declare a state of emergency in any or every part of the country (South West Africa included) and to rule by proclamation.
Under Section 3, this power was granted to the Governor General (and later, the State President), and it effectively put no limits on what measures might be taken, or for how long.
Moreover, any law issued during a state of emergency could be made retrospective for four days to cover any emergency action taken by the police.
The emergency regulations could suspend any act of Parliament, with a few exceptions.
If the justice minister or administrator of South West Africa deemed it necessary, they could declare a state of emergency but the governor general had to approve their action within ten days.
Under a state of emergency, the Minister of Law and Order, the Commissioner of the South African Police (SAP), a magistrate, or a commissioned officer could detain any person for "reasons of public safety".
The Public Safety Act, further provided for detention without trial for any dissent.
Repeal.
In academic settings around the world, community studies is variously a sub-discipline of anthropology or sociology, or an independent discipline.
It is often interdisciplinary and geared toward practical applications rather than purely theoretical perspectives.
Community studies is sometimes combined with other fields, i.e., "Urban and Community Studies," "Health and Community Studies," or "Family and Community studies."
In North America, community studies drew inspiration from the classic urban sociology texts produced by the Chicago School, such as the works of Louis Wirth and William Foote Whyte.
In Britain, community studies was developed for colonial administrators working in East Africa, particularly Kenya.
It was further developed in the post-war period with the Institute of Community Studies founded by Michael Young in east London, and with the studies published from the institute, such as "Family and Kinship in East London".
Community studies, like colonial anthropology, have often assumed the existence of discrete, relatively homogeneous, almost tribe-like communities, which can be studied as organic wholes.
In this, it has been a key influence on communitarianism and communalism, from the local context to the global and everywhere in between.
Curricula.
Community studies curricula are often centered on the "concerns" of communities.
These include mental and physical health, stress, addiction, AIDS, racism, immigration, ethnicity, gender, identity, sexuality, the environment, crime, deviance, delinquency, family problems, social competence, poverty, homelessness and other psycho-social aspects.
Understanding the socio-cultural completeness and the anthropological ramifications of the accurate analysis of community health is key to the sphere of these studies.
Another focus of curricula in community studies is upon anthropology, cultural anthropology in particular.
Some programs set as prerequisite knowledge, the background and historical contexts for community, drawing upon archeological findings and the theoretical underpinnings for social organization in ancient and prehistorical community settings.
The theories connected with the so-called "Neolithic revolution" is one example of a deep study into how, where and why, hunter-gatherer communities formed.
Call to Arms is a real-time tactics and strategy video game developed by German company Digitalmindsoft as the spiritual successor to the "Men of War" series.
The early access version of the game was released on 30 July 2015 to Steam.
Gameplay.
"Call to Arms" is a real-time tactics and strategy video game.
The Domination game mode requires each team to take strategic points on a map, with the number of points decided by the number of players.
The first team to take the greater number of points wins the round.
The game provides bots possessing artificial intelligence in multiplayer mode.
The game provides 12 vehicles and 60 pieces of equipment.
Development.
Design.
Video game developer Digitalmindsoft announced "Call to Arms" on their website in December 2012, calling it the "true successor" to the "Men of War" series.
The developer saw an opportunity to develop a real-time strategy video game set in the modern day, especially with the gameplay common to the "Men of War" series.
The developer planned for two playable factions and an assortment of other features for when the game was released, and planned to extend the game through additional units, factions, and maps thereafter.
Digitalmindsoft planned their factions to be asymmetric, fun-to-play, and fair.
The factions are based on modern factions.
Digitalmindsoft also planned to allow the player to control a unit's specific actions in a third-person view, similar to "", as well as allow players to build their own mods for the game.
For the single-player mode, Digitalmindsoft wanted to implement what the players wanted, though they were aware that they were limited by their crowdfunding campaign.
Digitalmindsoft said there would be a focus on the infantry-level interaction rather than an interaction with heavy weaponry such as tanks and airplanes, but that heavy weaponry would be playable.
Although Digitalmindsoft had improved on the series's gameplay mechanics in "Assault Squad", the company wanted to continue to focus on ease-of-gameplay improvements in "Call to Arms".
Chris Kramer, managing director of Digitalmindsoft, noted that there was a balance between making the game realistic and between making the game well-balanced and easy to play, as well as a balance between freedom-of-choice and game balance.
He later made the point that the two games would play differently because they were set in two different periods of time, owing to the change in warfare.
When asked about the quality of "Men of War" series co-developer 1C Company's games ' and ', Kramer said it was more important to self-improve than to critique 1C's games.
Kramer also said that Digitalmindsoft was designing a new cooperative system relative to "Assault Squad".
Lace Mamba Global was announced as the publisher in December 2012.
In early 2015, "PC Gamer" reported that the publisher would be the developer, Digitalmindsoft.
Players who purchased the deluxe edition could beta test the unfinished campaigns.
In the multiplayer mode, Digitalmindsoft wanted to integrate the personnel units first and then later the vehicles.
Game engine.
In an interview published shortly after, Kramer said that the game would make use of an updated GEM game engine to allow for better game performance.
In February 2013, after another routine release of game screenshots and a video, "RPS" agreed with their earlier statement about the appearance of the game.
In June 2013, Kramer thought that the engine should get a new name, because he found it "hard to believe the difference with all the improvements." ', released in May 2014 before "Call to Arms", was also built using the "Call to Arms" engine, which "PC Gamer" identified as an opportunity to test the engine.
In June 2013, Digitalmindsoft wanted to include "integrated in-game video capture software", and support for Steam was assumed.
The game has a map and mission editor, which support Steam Workshop.
The game also provides a replay function.
Crowdfunding and schedule.
While Digitalmindsoft was funded to begin the project, the company sought crowdfunding as an extra source of revenue, offering better game performance and content as well as a list of rewards for stretch goals such as "Skill-based matchmaking and support for Steam Workshop and Steam Cloud".
Kickstarter was not available in mainland Europe in 2012, so Digitalmindsoft crowdfunded the game through their website.
"ShackNews" and "PC Gamer" expressed reservations regarding crowdfunding, qualifying them due to the company's experience in this genre of video gaming and the fan base for the "Men of War" series.
The developer expected to release the game in 2014.
"RPS" attributed slow crowdfunding in January 2013 to a "remarkable lack of assets".
When they spoke with Kramer later that month, he said that the company wanted to improve the game quality prior to starting a Kickstarter campaign, which would have heightened the game's profile before they were ready.
"RPS" thought that it was likely that people were waiting for the game to have the quality of "Assault Squad" prior to funding the game.
"ShackNews" noted that the crowdfunding had fallen "far short of its goal".
In October 2014, Digitalmindsoft announced the game's Steam page and the forthcoming end of the crowdfunding campaign on their website.
"Blue's News" and "GameStar" speculated that the game would release when the campaign ended.
"Blue's News" also reported that the release of the game would include backer DLC, while "GameStar" believed that the game would see full release in 2015, though Digitalmindsoft had not provided a specific release date.
Digitalmindsoft announced in late June 2015 that the game would be released to Steam early access in late July or August.
Digitalmindsoft also announced a standard and deluxe edition, "Domination" game mode, play with bots, and a map and mission editor.
They also stated that all users who purchased the early access version would have access to the campaigns at release for free.
On 24 July, Digitalmindsoft confirmed that the game would be released to early access on 30 July.
It would include all infantry units, some multiplayer maps, and multiplayer bots, and the replay function.
Digitalmindsoft also said they would include additional maps, game modes and vehicles after release.
Both "GameStar" and "Blue's News" believed that the game would be in early access until 2016 Q1.
Reception.
Pre-release.
Lower Upnor and Upper Upnor are two small villages in Medway, Kent, England.
They are in the parish of Frindsbury Extra on the western bank of the River Medway.
Today the two villages are mainly residential and a centre for small craft moored on the river, but Upnor Castle is a preserved monument, part of the river defences from the sixteenth century.
Origins.
A skeleton of a straight-tusked elephant was excavated in 1911, during the construction of the Royal Engineers' Upnor Hard.
Lower Upnor.
Lower Upnor faces the Upnor Reach of the River Medway.
It was a single row of houses, separated from the river by the roadway and the hard.
Located here is the Arethusa training centre, which provides residential school trips and educational visits and is run by the Shaftesbury Homes and Arethusa.
In 1849, HMS "Arethusa" was the name of the training ship moored near the shore.
The first was "Chichester", but after then all the ships were called "Arethusa".
The last but one "Arethusa" was the "Peking", one of the R.F Laeisz's Flying P-Liner four-masted barques, built in 1911, and acquired after 1918 as war reparations.
She was sold in 1975 to the South Street Seaport Museum in New York.
The last "Arethusa", a 23-metre two-masted ketch, was sold in 2000 and now sails with the Cirdan Sailing Trust under the name "Faramir".
In recent times extra housing has been built behind this street, exploiting the land exposed by quarrying the steep hillside that leads to Hoo Common.
Medway Yacht Club, which was founded in 1880, purchased land in Lower Upnor in 1948, now comprising approximately .
Upnor Sailing Club was formed in the 1962 and moved into its present club house (formed from renovating three existing traditional riverfront cottages) in the 1980s.
Upper Upnor.
Upper Upnor comprises a village cobbled high street leading down to Upnor Castle.
It has many houses displaying Kentish weatherboarding, some are Grade II listed.
It also has some terraced streets including former military housing.
Upper Upnor is on the Chatham Reach of the River Medway, directly opposite St Mary's Creek.
London Stones.
The London Stones are in Lower Upnor on the shoreline.
They mark the limit of the charter rights of London fishermen.
The older stone has the date 1204 carved on it as part of an eighteenth-century inscription.
Industry.
Like other parts of Frindsbury, chalk has been extracted, high quality moulding sand has been taken from a pit near the Church, and William Burgess Little built 25 five barges at his yard between 1843 and 1871.
The first was the Sarah Little and the last called W.B.Little Finish.
James Little built three barges here in 1891, 1893, and 1895.
A potter's kiln can be seen on an 1830 watercolour by Susan Twopeny, now in Rochester Guildhall Museum.
The church.
The ecclesiastical parish of Upnor split from Frindsbury in 1884 and was reabsorbed in 1955.
The parish church of St Philip and St James (1884) was designed by Ewan Christian.
It is virtually unaltered.
The military.
Upnor Castle.
Upnor Castle was built as an artillery fort between 1559 and 1567 in order to protect Chatham Dockyard and the associated naval anchorage.
Lower Upnor ordnance depot.
Upnor Castle served as a gunpowder magazine for the Board of Ordnance from 1668, providing powder for the defences of Chatham Dockyard and for the fleet based in the Nore.
In 1810 a new magazine with space for 10,000 barrels of gunpowder was built downriver from the castle (which had long needed to expand its capacity) along with a 'shifting house' for inspecting powder that had arrived by sea (though demolished, its surrounding earth traverse is still in evidence, midway between the magazine and the castle).
A little further to the north, a group of large houses were bought to serve as offices for the depot.
In 1891 Britain's Ordnance Yards were split between the Admiralty and the War Department, Upnor going to the former, Chattenden to the latter.
At Upnor itself further Shell Stores was built in the 1880s, supplemented by new buildings for storing wet and dry guncotton (used in torpedoes and mines) in 1895.
The site was extended further to the north in the early 1900s to allow construction of a much larger store for filled shells and another for mines.
At the same time a complex of buildings for filling shells with powder (and later also with trotyl and amatol) were added behind the original 'A' and 'B' magazines.
The three sites, Upnor, Lodge Hill and Chattenden, were active as Royal Naval Armaments Depots until the mid-1960s.
Thereafter they remained in military hands as part of the Royal School of Military Engineering until the mid-2010s.
Present day.
The Lower Upnor site was put up for sale in 2014.
Meanwhile, the surviving buildings to the north were also being refurbished for light commercial and retail use.
The inland depots, latterly known as Chattenden and Lodge Hill Military Camps, were put up for sale in 2016.
The military railway.
The army used this area to train a railway engineering force.
This was abandoned before 1881 and a gauge line was built in 1885 or by the 8th (Railway) Company R.E. in 1898.
One branch went to Lower Upnor, and the other to the camp by Tower Hill.
This line was used to supply armaments from Chattenden, the Lodge Hill Ammunition Depot and the standard gauge at Sharnal Street, to the warships and the Upnor Magazine.
The service closed on 19 May 1961.
The new road is named Upchat Road.
The Royal Engineers.
The section operates Mk 1 and 3 Rigid Raiders, and combat support boats, as well as teaching use of the Mk 6 Assault Boat.
Tyenna is a small locality in the Shire of Buloke, Victoria, Australia.
Tyenna State School opened in 1915, and was replaced with a one-room school building in 1923.
 (TASC) is the name of a train protection system currently used only in Japan.
It allows trains equipped with TASC to stop automatically at stations without the need for the train operator to operate the brakes manually, preventing stopping errors and SPADs.
TASC is also compatible with automatic train control (ATC) and automatic train operation (ATO), where in the latter case it acts as its auto-braking function.
History.
The first incarnation of TASC was originally developed in the 1950s and 1960s as a way of ensuring that trains stop properly at stations, although problems with brake responsiveness, among other issues with the existing technology of that time, meant that it was never put into practical use.
From the 1970s, technological improvements in computing and railway technology, especially the advent of one man operation and automated guideway transit (AGT) systems and more recently, platform screen doors, made TASC increasingly viable both as a train protection system and as a precursor or complement to railway automation.
The first full-scale implementation of TASC was on the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, the oldest subway line in Japan, where it, along with a new CS-ATC cab signalling system, replaced the line's previous mechanically-operated automatic train stop (ATS) system in 1993, enabling a massive upgrade of the line's route capacity and frequency between trains.
Usage.
Donnie Ray Copeland (born March 16, 1961) is an American pastor and politician.
He is the pastor of the Apostolic Pentecostal Church in North Little Rock, Arkansas.
From 2015 through 2017, he served one term as a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 38 in Pulaski County.
Early career.
Copeland attended the University of Louisiana at Monroe, when the institution was known as Northeast Louisiana University.
In 2010, Copeland polled 60,072 votes (48.1 percent) in the Republican primary election for lieutenant governor, having lost to Mark Darr, who received 64,883 votes (51.9 percent).
Darr then defeated in the general election the Democrat Shane Broadway for the seat vacated by another Democrat, Bill Halter.
House of Representatives.
In 2014, Copeland won the House position with 5,710 votes (51.5 percent), when he unseated the one-term Democrat Patti Julian, who polled 5,389 votes (48.5 percent).
Copeland was succeeded in the House by fellow Republican Carlton Wing, who with 7,019 votes (52.1 percent) defeated the Democrat Victoria Leigh, who received 6,466 (48 percent).
Rather than seeking a second term in the state House, Copeland ran unsuccessfully on March 1, 2016, in the Republican primary for the District 34 seat in Arkansas State Senate.
He polled 6,365 votes (48.8 percent) against the successful incumbent, Jane English, who received 6,687 votes (51.2 percent).
Now owned by a preservation organization, the site is visible from a pull-off area on United States Route 50 near Dodge City, Kansas.
The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963.
Description.
The Santa Fe Trail Remains are located about west of Dodge City, on of former agricultural land.
The ruts extend for about , with a width of as much as of rutted terrain.
The actual trail route is crossed in several places, by US 50, a railroad right-of-way, and irrigation ditches.
The ruts have also been harmed by past use of the property for grazing.
The landscape looks much today as it did in the 19th century, except for these intrusions, as well as the shifting of the Arkansas River to follow a more southerly route than it did during the trail's period of use.
It served as a major conduit for the development of the American West, until it was effectively supplanted by railroads around 1880.
Much of the trail's route is known, but few traces of it survive.
First Star Software, Inc. was a Chappaqua, New York based video game development, publishing and licensing company, founded by Richard Spitalny (who remains the company's president), Billy Blake, Peter Jablon, and Fernando Herrera in 1982.
It is best known for the series "Boulder Dash", which began on the Atari 8-bit family, and "Spy vs. Spy", which first appeared on the Commodore 64.
Games were ported to or written for home computers, consoles, and later for Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, and portable devices.
Millions of units have been sold in both the "Boulder Dash" and "Spy vs. Spy" series of games.
History.
Fernando Herrera wrote an educational program for the Atari 8-bit family, "My First Alphabet", which was published by the Atari Program Exchange in 1981.
That same year, Atari, Inc., created an award to honor the year's best APX submission.
Herrera partnered with Richard Spitalny, Billy Blake, and Peter Jablon to found First Star Software.
His story of winning the Atari Star made him the face of the company.
First Star's inaugural release was the Atari 8-bit computer shoot 'em up "Astro Chase", which was later distributed by Parker Brothers.
Herrera also wrote "Bristles" and "" for First Star.
First Star's two biggest titles came from outside developers, "Boulder Dash" and "Spy vs. Spy", each of which was the first game in a series.
The situation of additional taxes or tax savings resulting from selling the last item of its class in an inventory due to the difference between its undepreciated capital cost (UCC) and its salvage value (SV).
Overview.
"Disposal tax effect" is a finance term originating from Engineering economics.
These gains are known as "recaptured depreciation" or "recaptured CCA".
The Central collection agency (CCA) uses a method of depreciation and the undepreciated value which is the undepreciated capital cost.
As CCA uses a declining balance it makes the disposal of assets complicated.
The disposal tax effect (DTE) takes into account that the salvage value can cause a gain or a loss.
The relevant book value in this case is determining the tax gain or loss of the asset.
The tax basis then is the difference between the original cost and any accumulated depreciation.
The disposal tax effect (DTE) is also calculated by getting the difference between the UCC cost and the salvage value and then multiplying it by the tax rate (TR).
The recapture of depreciation is calculated by how much the company has over-depreciated the asset in its life.
The recapture allocation is taxed at ordinary rates as excess depreciation over the years essentially reduced taxable income.
The basis value is the price of the fixed asset.
This means that the asset's value has decreased more than its depreciation value for tax.
When capital loss occurs then a special tax rate is given.
The benefit of this is that the sale of an asset is the amount by which the taxes are reduced (tax shield).
When there are capital gains and losses in the same year, the two values are then combined so that capital loss reduces and the taxes are paid on the capital gains.
In the case of an excess in capital losses, the remaining capital loss is used to reduce the ordinary capital income.
The disposal tax effect (DTE) can be negative (when our salvage value is greater than our book value) which means that the tax effect increases taxes.
Disposal tax effect (DTE) can also be negative if our asset is sold for a price greater than its purchase price but it is also equal to sum of the two tax effects.
If an asset has been fully depreciated (when the aggregate tax deductions are equal to the original cost of the asset) there are no additional tax implications placed on the asset.
Advantages.
An advantage of having a loss from the sale of an asset is the amount of the reduction in taxes after.
The reduction in taxable income is known as a tax shield.
This reduces the organic content of waste that goes into landfills or for incineration.
This is highly beneficial for the environment.
While in Catalan it discourages landfills and incineration in accordance with and reinforcement of the European waste management it penalizes them economically.
Essentially the making of disposal can be more expensive but, on the other hand, it creates revenue for local authorities by diversified refunds for separate collection.
Desne is one of nine villages of the Municipality of Kula Norinska, in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County, on Croatia's Dalmatian coast.
Architecture.
Parish church of Saint George.
The church was built at the end of or the beginning of the 18th century, after the Ottomans lost the village.
This didn't happen, and the church started deteriorating and became dangerous for entrants.
In 1837, service was banned until it was fixed.
It was repaired in 1845 and expanded to 16.5x8 metres.
The belfry was built after World War I.
Chapel of Saint Nicholas.
Since the populace from nearby hamlets left, mass is held only during the holiday of Saint Nicholas and by need.
Chapel of Saint Roch on Rujnica.
The earliest mention of this 9.15x4 metre chapel is in 1761 when a baptism was recorded.
The pastor settled on the mountain Rujnica that year.
The village in which the chapel has been was abandoned by 1910.
Today, mass is held there only on the holiday of Saint Roch, the third day of Easter, and the third day of Pentecost.
The descendants of the former populace then congregate.
The chapel's roof was renovated which saved it from further deterioration.
Nearby chapels.
It's the second edition of the tournament, which is part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2019 WTA 125K series.
Men's singles main-draw entrants.
Other entrants.
Other entrants.
Templestay program.
As an end, he played opposite Paul Hug.
He was injured in the 1929 game against Centre.
In 479 BC, as a leader of the Hellenic League's combined land forces, Pausanias won a pivotal victory in the Battle of Plataea ending the Second Persian invasion of Greece.
One year after the victories over the Persians and the Persians' allies, Pausanias fell under suspicion of conspiring with the Persian king, Xerxes I to betray Greeks and died in 470 BC in Sparta starved to death by fellow citizens.
What is known of his life is largely according to Thucydides' "History of the Peloponnesian War", Diodorus' "Bibliotheca historica" and a handful of other classical sources.
Early life.
Pausanias was from the royal house of the Agiads.
Every male Spartan citizen earned their citizenship by dedicating their lives to their "polis" and its laws.
Pausanias would have gone through intense military training from the age of seven and was required to be a regular soldier until the age of thirty.
Spartan lineage.
As a son of the regent Cleombrotus and a nephew of the recently deceased warrior king, Leonidas I, Pausanias was a scion of the Spartan royal house of the Agiads, but not in the direct line of succession as he was not the first born son of one of the kings of Sparta.
After Leonidas' death, while the king's son Pleistarchus was still in his minority, Pausanias served as regent of Sparta.
Pausanias was also the father of Pleistoanax who later became king.
Pausanias' other sons were Cleomenes and Nasteria.
War service.
In 479 BC, Pausanias was leader of the Spartan army alongside Euryanax, son of Dorieus, as the Agiad king of Sparta Pleistarchus, son of Leonidas I, was too young to command.
Pausanias led 5000 Spartans to the aid of the league of Greek cities created to resist the Persian invasion.
At the Greek encampment at Plataea 110,000 men were assembled along the Asopos River.
Further down the river, Mardonius, commander of the Persian forces, stationed 300,000 Persian forces alongside 50,000 Greek allies.
After eleven days of stalemate, Mardonius offered a challenge that was ignored by the Greeks.
With no answer to his challenge, Mardonius ordered his cavalry to pollute the Asopos from which the Greeks were getting their water, so the Athenian forces decided in the night to move towards Plataea.
The forces led by Pausanias headed through the ridges and foothills of the Cithaeron while the Athenian forces headed the opposite direction onto the plains.
Seeing this, Mardonius thought the Athenians were fleeing, so he sent his Persian forces to charge Pausanias' army while dispatching his Greek allies to go after the Athenians.
With the battle underway Pausanias sent a messenger to ask for Athenian aid, but they could not spare any.
So Pausanias with 50,000 Lacedaemonians and 3,000 Tegeans prepared for battle at Plataea.
In the subsequent Battle of Plataea, Pausanias led the Greeks to a major victory over the Persians and their allies.
While the Battle of Plataea is sometimes seen as a chaotic battle, others see evidence of both Pausanias' strategic and tactical skills in delaying the engagement with the Persians until the point where Spartan arms and discipline could have maximum impact.
Herodotus concluded that "Pausanias the son of Cleombrotus and grandson of Anaxandridas won the most glorious victory of any known to us".
After the victories at Plataea and the subsequent Battle of Mycale, the Spartans lost interest in liberating the Greek cities of Asia Minor until it became clear that Athens would dominate the League in Sparta's absence.
Sparta then sent Pausanias back to command the Greek military.
Suspected pact with Persia.
In 478 BC, Pausanias was accused of conspiring with the Persians and recalled to Sparta.
One allegation was that after capturing Cyprus and Byzantium, Pausanias released some of the prisoners of war who were friends and relatives of the king of Persia.
Pausanias argued that the prisoners simply escaped.
Another allegation was that Pausanias sent a letter via Gongylos of Eretria (Diodorus has general Artabazos I of Phrygia as a mediator) to Xerxes I saying he wished to help Xerxes and bring Sparta with the rest of Greece under Persian control.
In return, Pausanias wished to marry Xerxes's daughter.
After Xerxes replied agreeing to his plans, Pausanias started to adopt Persian customs and dress like a Persian aristocrat.
Due to lack of evidence, Pausanias was acquitted and left Sparta on his own accord, taking a trireme from the town of Hermione.
According to Thucydides and Plutarch, Athenians and many Hellenic League allies were displeased with Pausanias because of Pausanias' arrogance and high-handedness.
In 477 BC, the Spartans recalled Pausanias once again.
Pausanias went to Kolonai in the Troad before returning to Sparta.
Upon his arrival in Sparta, the ephors imprisoned Pausanias, but he was later released due to lack of sufficient evidence to convict Pausanias of disloyalty, even though some helots reported that Pausanias offered freedom if the helots joined in revolt.
Later, one of the messengers Pausanias used to communicate with the Persians provided written evidence (a letter stating Pausanias' intentions) to the Spartan ephors.
Diodorus adds further detail to Thucydides' account.
After the ephors were loath to believe the letter provided by the messenger, the messenger offered to produce Pausanias' acknowledgement in person.
In the letter Pausanias asked the Persians to kill the messenger.
The messenger and the ephors went to the Temple of Poseidon (Tainaron).
The ephors concealed themselves in a tent at the shrine and the messenger waited for Pausanias.
When Pausanias arrived, the messenger confronted Pausanias asking why did the letter say to kill whoever delivered the letter.
Pausanias said that he was sorry and asked the messenger to forgive the mistake.
Pausanias offered gifts to the messenger.
The ephors heard the conversation from the tent.
Herodotus notes that the Athenians were hostile to Pausanias and wished Pausanias removed from Greek command, with his Athenian counterpart Themistocles publicly ostracising him as a threat to democracy.
The historian A. R. Burn speculates that the Spartans became concerned about Pausanias' progressive views about freeing the Helots.
Death.
Following the mother's example, the Spartans blocked the doorway with bricks and forced Pausanias to die of starvation.
After Pausanias' body was turned over to relatives for burial, the divinity through the Oracle of Delphi showed displeasure at the violation of the sanctity of supplicants.
The oracle said that Athena demanded the return of the supplicant.
Unable to carry out the injunction of the goddess, the Spartans set up two bronze statues of Pausanias at the temple of Athena.
Legacy.
The 2017 Constellation Cup was the 8th Constellation Cup series played between Australia and New Zealand.
The series featured four netball test matches, played in October 2017.
The Australia team was coached by Lisa Alexander and captained by Caitlin Bassett.
 is a private junior and senior high school in Fujiidera, Osaka Prefecture.
It is a part of the Shi-Tennoji Gakuen, a group of Buddhist educational institutions affiliated with Shitennoji temple in Osaka.
Sciota adelphella is a moth of the family Pyralidae.
The moth flies in one generation from mid-June to August.
In legislatures, more commonly in parliaments, a non-textual amendment is an amendment that alters the meaning or scope of operation of a piece of legislation, but without changing the text.
This is done by creating a provision that refers to another provision.
It contrasts with a "textual amendment" that directly changes the wording.
For a non-textual amendment, both the original provision and the new provision would have to be read together to have a complete understanding of the item.
Example.
For example, a statement could say, "All cats are good."
In this case, a textual amendment could be made so that the statement says, "All dogs are good."
A non-textual amendment would not change the original statement.
Instead, it would be another statement like, "The statement shall apply to dogs as it would apply to cats."
Missisquoi County is a historical county in Quebec.
It was formed between 1825 and 1831 and included historical Bedford County, Lower Canada.
In the early 1980s Quebec abolished its counties.
Much of Missisquoi County became the Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality except the southwestern part was transferred to Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality.
The name of the county is derived from an Algonquin Abenaki word meaning "lots of waterfowl".
The western part of the county is situated on the Richelieu River plains.
The Port of Cagayan de Oro (, ) is a seaport in Cagayan de Oro in the Philippines.
It is the busies seaport in Northern Mindanao as of 2019.
History.
The development of the present seaport of Cagayan de Oro started in 1977 with the locale previously served by a wooden seaport.
In November 19, 2008, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo issued Executive Order 769 declaring and delineating the Cagayan de Oro Port Zone under the administrative jurisdiction of the Philippine Ports Authority.
Facilities.
The Port of Cagayan de Oro is a major seaport of Northern Mindanao handling both cargo and passengers.
It is situated along Macajalar Bay.
The Cagayan de Oro Port Zone covers an area of , of which is on land with the rest covering water.
Its passenger terminal is the biggest in the Philippines, with the capacity of 3,000 people.
Bedlam Born is the 16th studio album by British folk rock band Steeleye Span.
It is the second of two albums made by a line-up consisting of Gay Woods, Bob Johnson, Peter Knight and Tim Harries, and only the second album on which Maddy Prior did not make an appearance.
The title refers not to a bedlam, but to Christ's birth in Bethlehem (which is occasionally corrupted to 'Bedlam').
"There is a child in Bedlam born" is a line from "Stephen".
Tracks and reception.
Their previous album, "Horkstow Grange" was not well received by fans, many of whom complained that the album was too light on rock and too heavy on folk.
For "Bedlam Born" the band emphasized the rock elements, producing tracks such as "Well Done Liar", "John of Ditchford", and "We Poor Laboring Men" that have a strong rock guitar line, driving bass, and comparatively heavy drumming, provided by the band's regular guest drummer Dave Mattacks.
While Woods was the primary lead singer on "Horkstow Grange", on this album she sings lead on only five songs, mostly quieter pieces that allowed her to demonstrate her high range.
Two of these pieces, "Arbour" and "The White Cliffs of Dover" experiment with spoken-word sequences, something entirely new for the band.
("John of Ditchford", incidentally, is a fairly accurate retelling of an actual murder case that occurred in England in the early 14th century.)
According to Woods, two tracks, "I See His Blood Upon the Rose" and "Stephen", attracted considerable complaint from fans.
Both pieces are explicitly Christian, with "Stephen" being about a stable boy in Bethlehem at the time of the Massacre of the Innocents.
Fans objected that the band had always stuck to secular music and felt uncomfortable about the religious sentiments of these two tracks.
This complaint is to some extent unjustified since, although the majority of the band's repertoire is secular, the band has in fact performed a number of explicitly Christian pieces over the course of its history.
Its second-highest charting song, "Gaudete" is a Latin chant celebrating Christ's birth.
"Harvest Home", off "Sails of Silver" is a 19th-century Anglican hymn.
Although Steeleye Span didn't get around to recording "Lyke-Wake Dirge" until 2002, this medieval song about purgatory was the introduction of their first American tour, while "Lanercost" from "Back in Line" uses the Kyrie Eleison as its chorus.
In 2004, the band would release "Winter", an album of Christmas songs, about half of which were traditional Christian pieces.
Like the previous album, reactions to "Bedlam" were mixed.
Many complained that the album was too rock-heavy, while others lamented Prior's continued absence.
On the other hand, some celebrated the album as a return to the sound the band had during the mid-1970s.
Aftermath.
The recording of this album was reportedly tumultuous, with Woods eventually quitting the band again, reportedly over money issues, and Harries also departing after the release of the album.
Johnson, who had been the band's main guitarist for most of the band's history, chose to retire because of health trouble.
This left a need for a lead guitarist for the band's tour, and Rick Kemp, who had been a member in the band's commercially successful middle period, returned and eventually rejoined the band on a full-time basis.
Onhokolo is a settlement of about 1,000 inhabitants in the north of Namibia in Omusati Region.
A House in the Sky is a 2013 memoir by Amanda Lindhout, co-written with the journalist Sara Corbett.
It recounts Lindhout's experience in southern Somalia as a hostage of teenage militants from the Hizbul Islam fundamentalist group.
The book was a "New York Times" bestseller in 2013.
It also won the 2014 CBC Bookie Award for Best Canadian Nonfiction and was nominated for the 2014 Libris Award for best non-fiction book of 2013.
The book was optioned in 2014 by Megan Ellison in order to create a screen adaptation of the work.
Myrmecotypus lineatus is a species of true spider in the family Corinnidae.
The Coalition for Equal Marriage is a British campaign group created in 2012 by Conor Marron and James Lattimore, a same-sex couple, to petition in support of civil marriages for gay couples.
The Coalition for Equal Marriage was created in response to the Coalition for Marriage, a Christian group campaigning against same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom.
The coalition's website states the campaign started after Lattimore read a BBC News article regarding the "Coalition for Marriage" and seeing a comment from Lord Carey stating "The avowed intention to widen the scope of marriage as we see before us is a hostile strike, which rather than strengthening marriage, will destroy its meaning and diminish its importance drastically".
Lattimore and his partner began working on the site and mimicked the look and design of the "Coalition for Marriage" website as a spoof, with Facebook and Twitter campaigns launched a day later.
Signatures reached 10,000 roughly ten days afterwards and 40,000 signatures in April 2012.
Signing of Nick Clegg.
Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg has signed the Coalition for Equal Marriage petition, and in an interview for "The Independent" Clegg was reported to have called it "a matter of "how", not "whether", equal marriage becomes legal in England and Wales."
Conor Marron, co-founder of the Coalition for Equal Marriage, released a statement thanking Nick Clegg and the MPs "who have voiced their position on the subject".
Sponsors.
The "Coalition for Equal Marriage" is sponsored by many organisations, including LGBT organisations, anti-bullying groups, charities, political parties, human rights groups and activists, religions and religious groups, community groups, and also media companies.
Advertising.
Mike Buonaiuto created a viral advertisement on behalf of "C4EM" for release in late April 2012, with a teaser available before.
The teaser features stills from the advert to the speech of David Cameron at the Conservative Party conference in 2011, when he announced "I don't support gay marriage in spite of being a Conservative.
I support gay marriage because I am a Conservative."
On 25 April 2012, Buonaiuto's short film was released encouraging support for the government plans to legislate in favour of equal civil marriage rights for LGBT people.
The video shows British army members returning home to their families, with one reunion turning into a marriage proposal between a same-sex couple.
The argument put forth in the video and by Buonaiuto directly is that if gay and straight people can fight in the army together, then they should be able to love and get married the same.
Supporting parties, gave their backing to the short film, while "PinkNews" advertised it directly on their website.
"When It's Moonlight On The Prairie" is a popular song published in 1908 with lyrics by Robert F. Roden and music by S.R.
Henry.
Euabalong West is a small town on the Broken Hill Railway Line that was founded to serve the residents of nearby Euabalong, which was a crossing point for the Lachlan River founded in the 1870s.
The town has approximately 70 people, and its main industries are cropping, grazing, and railway-related employment.
Euabalong West railway station opened in 1919 and is served by the weekly "Indian Pacific" train between Sydney and Perth.
He was born in London, England, in about 1834 and died in 1912 in Wellington, New Zealand.
He died childless and his substantial business interests were put into a trust for educational purposes.
When prohibition was an issue in the 1920s, the trust's continued maintenance of his brewing business was attacked by Robert Stout.
1966) is a Turkish female physician specialized as a nutritionist and dietitian.
She is also a television presenter and writer.
Biography.
In London, she was trained in media production management at the BBC Turkish.
She married psychotherapist Anthony Bradley, who inspired her in healthy lifestyle.
Upon her spouse's advice, she received education in nutrition and dieting at the alternative therapy school ITEC in London.
Awards and honours.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings.
The work is oil on a single oak panel and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's "Metamorphoses", part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa.
The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away in rough waters by a bull while her friends remain on shore with expressions of horror.
Rembrandt combined his knowledge of classical literature with the interests of the patron in order to create this allegorical work.
The use of an ancient myth to impart a contemporary thought and his portrayal of the scene using the High Baroque style are two strong aspects of the work.
Rembrandt and classical art.
The "Abduction of Europa" is Rembrandt's reinterpretation of the story, placed in a more contemporary setting.
Rembrandt developed an interest in the classical world early in his life while in Amsterdam which was a growing business-oriented center, and where he found work with great success.
During this time, the international High Baroque style was popular.
Rembrandt did not complete many mythological subject paintings.
Out of three hundred sixty completed works, five displayed tales from the Metamorphoses, five depicted goddesses, a Carthaginian queen, all of which only five represented myth subjects.
Rembrandt occasionally used these mythological paintings as allegory, applying the tale to some Christian theme or a moral tradition.
Jacques Specx and Karel van Mander.
Jacques Specx, of the Dutch East India Company, commissioned Rembrandt to complete "The Abduction of Europa".
Specx had established a trading center in Japan in 1609, served as the Governor of Batavia (former name of Jakarta, the Indonesian capital), and later returned to Holland in 1633.
The painting was in Specx's collection, along with five portraits, also by Rembrandt.
The subject and its allegorical meaning are described by the Flemish art theorist, Karel van Mander, in Het schilder-boeck (1618).
Rembrandt The book was produced in Amsterdam and included details about many Netherlands painters.
Rembrandt surely would have familiarized himself with van Mander's theories and interpretations of Ovid's myths.
Van Mander commented on Europa's abduction, with a European spin to it.
Ovid's account of the abduction of Europa is found in Book II 833-75 of "Metamorphoses".
Europa is a princess of Tyre, who is playing with her court on the coast when a beautiful bull appears.
Europa mounts the bull, which quickly whisks her away into the ocean.
When Europa and her friends notice the bull retreating further into the sea without coming back, the bull transforms into Zeus and carries her to Mount Olympus on the island of Crete.
Rembrandt's painting is set just as Europa is whisked away, as seen by the bull and young lady in the ocean in the painting.
The painting includes details from Ovid's story that strengthen the location of the tale as well as tie it to Specx' life.
The African driver and non-European coach in the shadows to the right allude to the exotic Phoenician coast.
There is a port in the background, a reference to the busy port of the Tyre.
Karel van Mander looked for an applicable meaning to the work that constructed a moral concept to the classical literature.
He quoted an unnamed ancient source that stated that the abducted princess was representative of "the human soul, borne by the body through the troubled sea of this world".
Van Mander theorized that the bull, which is Zeus in the classical tale, is really the name of a ship that bore Europa from her eastern home of Tyre to the western continent that adopts her name.
The literary comments of van Mander are essential to deconstructing the allegorical subject of Europa.
In the story, Zeus whisks Europa away to Crete.
In van Mander's interpretation, she is moved by ship to Crete.
Just as Specx's career was to move treasures of Asia to Europe by ship, so too is Europa moved from her Eastern home to Europe.
Rembrandt's familiarity with the literary and classical nature of the story is evident by the bull as both god and ship, and the harbor installation in the background.
The harbor is representative of the busy trading ports in both Tyre and Europe.
The portrayal of Tyre, though, seems fairly modern with the inclusion of a crane, a tool which did not exist in the first century when Ovid was alive.
This detail strengthens the parallel between Tyre and the Dutch ports, as Rembrandt attempts to connect the story to Specx's livelihood.
The relationship also alludes to Europa's impending new destination, where she will give Europe her name.
Most scholars agree that this narrative was chosen specifically by Rembrandt to reinterpret and mirror Specx's career.
Influence of the Baroque.
Artistically, "The Abduction of Europa" reflects the attitudes and interests of Rembrandt and other Dutch painters during the early to mid seventeenth century.
The work embodies the international High Baroque with dramatic lighting coming from the left and the high drama in the moment of abduction.
This style was popular in Leiden, his birth town.
The High Baroque was also present in the Ruben's work that Rembrandt studied.
The idyllic shore and the detailed reflections in the water show the growing interest in naturalism in art.
Naturalism plays a strong part in other aspects of the piece.
Rembrandt contrasts the dark trees against the light blues and pinks skies.
Rembrandt also uses light to further dramatize the piece, as seen by the glittering of gold on the dresses and carriages.
There was also a growing interest in historical landscape painting in Southern Netherlands.
Artistic interests like genre, landscape, and myth painting, all combine in this one work.
Titian's influence.
Rembrandt was not the first artist to represent the abduction of Europa by Zeus.
The Italian artist, Titian, created a similar work nearly seventy years before.
Rembrandt is often called the "Titian of the north", and many of his portrait pieces show the influence of the Titian style and technique.
Though Rembrandt never traveled to Italy, Venetian paintings that traveling to Amsterdam increased as it grew as an art center.
Amy Golahny, in a dissertation, justifies this thought.
The presence of Italian art must have been strong, for Rembrandt kept a portrait of Titians' Money-changers in his studio.
A sure connection and influence, then, would be Titian's representation of the same Ovidian story.
Both pieces reflects the heightened drama of the piece, but Titian's work is more violent in nature.
Philip II of Spain commissioned the piece, and Titian uses the psychological depiction of Europa's horror and nudity to reflect the sexual violence of the moment.
Rembrandt's work is less serious a depiction of the violence, but still keeps the climactic moment alive.
Titian keeps the figures in ancient dress, himations and chitons, keeping strong the mythological nature of the work.
Rembrandt places his figures in contemporary Dutch dress, making the story more relatable to his viewer.
Rembrandt's work is set in a realistic setting, removing the cherubs from the work, instead placing the story in a highly familiar nature setting for his Dutch audience, Specx.
Rembrandt makes these changes not only to set himself apart from Titian, but also to gear the work specifically in mind to the commissioner of the work.
Lasting tradition.
Rembrandt's "The Abduction of Europa" displays much about the artistic influences of his time.
His work in mindful of the patron, painted in the popular High Baroque style, and incorporates the influences of earlier artists like Titian.
And I Love You So is a 2009 Philippine romantic drama film produced by Star Cinema, starring Bea Alonzo, Sam Milby and Derek Ramsay.
This film reunites Alonzo and Milby who previously starred together in "Close to You" (2006).
The film is directed by Laurenti Dyogi, and celebrates the 16th year of Star Cinema.
The film describes the feeling of forbidden love for another person when that love may not be forbidden at all.
The film was well received by critics and was nominated for different film and entertainment awards.
Plot.
Lara (Bea Alonzo) meets the love of her life, Oliver Cruz (Derek Ramsay).
They live a happy married life.
She falls in love with Oliver all over again each and every day because of his charm, and also because he was her first love ever.
Yet, five months later, Oliver dies of an aneurysm, and financial problems occur for Lara, not to mention heartbreak.
At the suggestion of her friends, she rents out the former condominium she and Oliver lived in to a man named Chris Panlilio (Sam Milby), and then decides to live with her mother-in-law, Kate, and sister-in-law, Audrey.
With the intent of helping his landlady learn to move on with her life, Chris decides to guide Lara into doing different daily activities to be happy again, in exchange for her teaching him proper Tagalog.
"And I Love You So" earned second place in the Philippines during its opening weekend (August 12, 2009 - August 16, 2009) after "".
The film earned (or ) in revenue.
During its second week, the film stayed in the Top 5 films of that weekend holding spot Number 3 behind Disney's "Up" and "G.I.
It earned .
As of its first two weeks in Philippine theatres, it garnered a gross revenue of As of January 2010, the film has grossed in revenue.
The film received generally favorable reviews.
Production.
"And I Love You So" was the first Star Cinema-produced film not to be shown in any theater operated by SM City Chain, the largest in the Philippines.
ABS-CBN canceled releasing the film after a negotiation over profit sharing between the two companies bogged down.
"And I Love You So" was a popular song by Don McLean and Perry Como.
The song was covered by Gary Valenciano for the film.
Jamaica was one of twenty-eight nations that competed at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel from November 4 to 13, 1968.
History.
Jamaica made their Paralympic Games debut at these Games.
Archery.
Seven Jamaican archers competed at the Games, none won a medal.
Athletics.
Seven of Jamaica's competitors took part in athletics.
Two medals were won by Jamaican athletes, both gold and both in the precision javelin.
Excell took the men's title, with a score of 74, and Baracatt the women's, with a score of 78.
Dartchery.
The only dartchery event at the Games was the mixed pairs event which took a knockout format.
Swimming.
Three Jamaican swimmers competed at the Games.
Patrick Reid took part in two men's class 2 complete classification events but failed to advance past the heats in either.
Octavius Morgan competed in three men's class 4 incomplete classification events and achieved a best finish of fifth in the breaststroke.
Table tennis.
Five Jamaica players took part in table tennis singles events and a pair in the women's doubles.
All of the singles players were eliminated at the round of 16 stage.
In the women's doubles C event Baracatt and Lewis reached the quarter-finals before losing to Great Britain's Bryant and Barnard, who went on to win the gold medal.
Weightlifting.
Hadena confusa, the marbled coronet, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae.
It is found in Europe, North Africa and West Asia and Central Asia.
Description.
The forewing ground colour is purplish fuscous tinged with olive grey.
The stigmata are fused together forming a large white patch and there is a small white apical blotch.
The subterminal line is white in colour and irregular wavy and joins the apical white stain.
The basal field shows a more or less pronounced whitening.
The fringe is chequered.
The hindwings are fuscous with a small discal lunule and white fringe.
The hindwings are slightly darker on the outside In very humid areas melanistic individuals can occur primarily in the Shetland and Orkney Islands, parts of the Hebrides, as well as in Wales and Scotland.
Biology.
The moth flies from May to July and sometimes from August to September in a second generation depending on the location.
"Demonheart" is a symphonic power metal song by Italian songwriter Luca Turilli which appeared on his solo album "Prophet of the Last Eclipse".
It was released as a single shortly after the album's release.
Psychological underpinnings.
Marion Woodman the Jungian considered that a break or katabasis from the normal social world could leave the protagonist trapped by "a yearning for what I call pig consciousness - wallowing in mud and loving it".
Mirny () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Alyoshnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia.
The population was 57 as of 2010.
Geography.
Mirny is located in forest steppe of Volga Upland, 49 km east of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road.
The 21-minute diploma film by Siddharth Sinha, a Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune graduate, was selected for world premiere at the Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear for Best Short Film at the 2008 Berlin International Film Festival, first ever such award in the history of Bhojpuri cinema.
He was closely involved in the Chetham Society and its publications.
Early life.
He was educated at Manchester Grammar School.
He graduated B.A. from Glasgow University in 1815.
He served the office of boroughreeve of Salford in 1826.
In 1828 Thomas and Richard Heywood left the family business, which was carried on by Benjamin.
At Hope End.
Thomas Heywood purchased Hope End, a mansion in Herefordshire, near Ledbury.
Heywood went there to live, and was high sheriff of Herefordshire in 1840.
Heywood died at Hope End on 20 November 1866.
Before leaving Manchester Heywood collected a library of local books, which was dispersed in a sale in 1835.
His general library was sold at Manchester in 1868.
The house at Hope End was sold in 1867 to C. A. Hewitt.
Works. vol. i. ), and a description of an old Chester document (vol. v.).
In 1829 he annotated and printed "The most Pleasant Song of Lady Bessy, the eldest Daughter of King Edward the Fourth".
Family.
Mary Elizabeth Sumner, founder of the Mothers' Union was their daughter.
She married George Henry Sumner.
Education.
Career.
Sternburg was the grandson of the merchant and art collector Maximilian Speck von Sternburg who was knighted with a hereditary title.
Sternburg served in the military and fought through the Franco-Prussian War in the Second Saxon dragoons, and he remained in the military until 1885.
In 1898, he was high commissioner on the Samoan Commission.
He became consul general for British India and Ceylon in 1900, minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary to the United States in 1903, and ambassador in July 1903, succeeding Theodor von Holleben.
After the bombardment of San Carlos island, Venezuela, by the Kriegsmarine on January 31, 1903, US President Theodore Roosevelt castigated Sternburg for Germany's actions.
Sternburg reported to Berlin that Germany had sacrificed the little sympathy that it had in the United States.
Personal life.
In December 1900, Sternburg married Lillian Langham, an American citizen.
Sternburg died of complications from lupus, Heidelberg, on August 23, 1908.
His connoisseurship as an art collector became evident upon an auction of his collection after his death.
The illustrated catalogue of "The Important Collection of Art Treasures, formed by his Excellency the late Baron Speck von Sternberg, German Ambassador to the United States" demonstrates that as a cultured aristocrat and German ambassador in many countries, he collected works of art all from over the world.
Elena Cassin, (1909 - June 2011), was an Italian-born French Assyriologist.
Biography.
Elena Cassin, daughter of the banker and politician Marco Cassin, studied the history of religions at the University of Rome and obtained her doctorate in 1933.
She then went to Paris and attended Charles Fossey's course on ancient Babylon and Marcel Mauss' course on sociology.
There she met her future husband, Jacques Vernant, brother of Jean-Pierre Vernant.
She and the Vernant brothers participated in the French Resistance in the south of France.
After the war Elena Cassin joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research as a specialist of Assyriology and of History of the Religions of the Ancient Near East.
She worked mainly on the legal and economic history of ancient Mesopotamia.
She herself dealt with Mesopotamia in the second half of the second millennium and thus with the Mitanni and Nuzi and she also translated Sumerian into French.
Lycorea halia halia, the tropical milkweed butterfly, is a subspecies of "Lycorea halia", also called the tropical milkweed butterfly, a nymphalid butterfly in the Danainae subfamily.
It is found from Suriname, French Guiana and Peru to the Caribbean.
He became governor of that state in 1909, and in 1910 he was elected vice-president under Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca.
As the sixth vice president of Brazil, he also served as the President of the Senate.
He was elected president in 1914 and served until 1918.
His government declared war on the Central Powers in October 1917 during World War I.
He was the longest-lived Brazilian president, reaching 98 years of age.
Spelling of name.
The 1943 reform of Portuguese orthography stipulates that the names of deceased persons must be spelled according to standard Portuguese spelling rules.
See also.
Big Night Music is a studio album by the English band Shriekback, released in 1986.
It spent six weeks on the "Billboard" album chart, peaking at number 145.
With the departure of Carl Marsh, Barry Andrews took over as the band's frontman.
Remaining original member Dave Allen left the band following the release of the album.
Track listing.
Cartner, born and brought up in Carlisle, graduated from Durham University with a BA before starting his career in 1957 as an outside broadcast cameraman based at the BBC's Lime Grove studios in London and latterly, Manchester.
He joined Border Television on 5 October 1961, five weeks after the station went to air for the first time.
His first on-air link consisted of a five-minute long "Farming Prices" bulletin.
Along with other Border TV announcers, Cartner read regular "Border News" bulletins during the day and until the mid-1980s, the main news round-up within "Lookaround".
He also presented "Border Diary" (a local events round-up), Pigeon Release Times (on Saturdays) and "The First Day of The Week" (a weekly Epilogue at close down on Sunday nights).
Cartner's voice was also heard on various Border-produced documentaries, networked as part of the daytime "About Britain" strand on ITV.
As well as working for Border, Cartner was a regular announcer for Tyne Tees Television during the 1970s.
He returned to the Newcastle station as a freelancer after resigning from Border in 1988.
Unlike other such announcers as Bill Steel and Kathy Secker, Cartner opted to make the majority of his announcements on Tyne Tees out-of-vision.
On 16 March 1996, Cartner made the last announcement from the Tyne Tees studios at City Road (where the station's continuity department was being closed down).
Waking Up is the second studio album by American pop rock band OneRepublic, released through Mosley Music Group and Interscope Records on November 13, 2009, in Germany and on November 17 in United States.
Tedder produced all the eleven songs on the standard edition, four by himself, as the band's effort at the album's concept, which revolves around waking up after nights of bad dreams.
Hoping to experiment with new sounds while maintaining the pop rock identity that characterized their debut album, the band used lightweight synthesizers, orchestra, children's choir, and traditional instruments such as violin, cello, and trilling strings to create a "cinematic experience".
The record combines styles of pop rock with eclectic elements including arena rock, Afro pop, drum and bass and Britpop.
Inspired by Tedder's feelings after the band rose to fame and attracted the media spotlight, the lyrics explore themes of self-loathing, struggles to stay sober in the face of public exposure, as well as the pursuit of happiness, through lyrics that depict childhood innocence and challenges as a young person.
"Marchin On" and "Good Life" were released as the third and fourth singles, with the latter reaching the top 10 of the US "Billboard" Hot 100.
"Waking Up" debuted at number 21 on the US "Billboard" 200, selling 662,000 copies in 2015 and later being certified Gold in the United States.
Worldwide, it surpassed 1.2 million copies sold in 2012.
Background.
After the success of OneRepublic's debut album, "Dreaming Out Loud", which spawned the hit singles "Apologize" and "Stop and Stare" after massive viral success on MySpace, earning the band a deal with Interscope Records and Timbalands Mosley Music Group.
The latter acted as producer of the "Apologize" remix, giving OneRepublic a song with rhythm and blues sounding.
After support the 2007 Maroon 5s tour as an opening act, the band began work on a second album in 2008.
Lead singer Ryan Tedder announced on July 21, 2009, that the band's second album would be completed five weeks from that date which was August 25, 2009.
On September 6, 2009, the band posted a low-quality version of the first single from their second album, "All the Right Moves", while a higher quality version could be found on their MySpace page.
On September 8, 2009, the band posted samples of 4 of their songs from the new album onto their MySpace page.
Eleven songs were announced to make up the track list, which was officially confirmed by Amazon's German site on November 3, 2009.
Recording and production.
Unlike "Dreaming Out Loud", which was produced by producer Greg Wells, the band did all the work themselves, with lead singer Ryan Tedder serving as the primary songwriter and producer through all the album.
As an ambition to renew itself, Tedder distanced himself from the traditional pop structure of the band's debut album and experimented with stripped-down synthesizers and cello to create an upbeat alternative rock style "that is to be the first genre-less band".
He took inspiration from the music of Kanye West, Paul McCartney, and band's like Radiohead and Tears for Fears.
To ensure a smooth transition, Tedder sought to create a concept for songs that fit a formula for OneRepublic and would not become the target of comparisons to his work for other artists.
The band shared ideas with composer Danny Elfman, using his orchestra of "Batman" (1989) and "Edward Scissorhands" (1990) as the center of the album's "more sweeping and cinematic" structure.
Tedder produced all eleven tracks on the standard edition, of which three he self-produced.
"Made for You" was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, and features a children's choir throughout the song followed by a melodramatic chamber piano, forming part of the album's cinematic concept.
"All This Time" and "Fear" were also recorded at Abbey Road Studios, with additional recording at Park Hill Studios.
"All the Right Moves", "Secrets", "Everybody Loves Me", "Good Life" and "Waking Up" were recorded at Metropolis Studios in London.
Critics noted the theatrical production of "All the Right Moves", containing "electro-charged chamber music", with its pealing organ, trilling strings and vocals inspired by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake.
"Secrets" stemmed from their experimental sampling of cello from "Cello Suite No. 1 in G major, BWV 1007" by Johann Sebastian Bach.
Several critics, including Cross Rhythms Tony Cummings, noted the funk aesthetic behind "Everybody Loves Me", a track which was additionally recorded at MasterMax Studios in Johannesburg and regarded as a favorite from the album by Tedder.
The diversity of styles in the production has been credited to the addition of Brent Kutzle to the band, who was additional producer on the track and four others on the standard edition, and serves as lead bass and cello throughout the album.
"Good Life" is an uptempo dance-pop track that incorporates whistling.
Described as the "poppiest song on the album", it was one of the last tracks recorded for "Waking Up", being composed and produced in thirty days, while the chorus was written by Tedder in sixty seconds after the band had completed the idea for the track.
"Marchin On" was self-written and produced by Tedder over the course of three weeks, and was not originally intended to be featured on the album.
It is a danceable Britpop and synth-pop track, and was recorded at The Warehouse in Vancouver and was finished with additional recording at Mastermix Studios in Minneapolis.
"All This Time" is a sweet piano ballad inspired by Paul McCartney that features a grand string and violin production performed by The London Studio Orchestra.
"Fear" and "Waking Up" also feature strings from the London Studio Orchestra.
"Lullaby", the closing track of the standard version, is a heart-bruised alternative rock ballad, echoing similarities to Keane's Tom Chaplin.
Composition.
Critics mostly categorize "Waking Up" as a pop rock album with its tracks containing elements of arena rock, drum and bass, dubstep, Afro pop, funk, and Britpop.
Title and artwork.
During the time the band was in Seattle, Washington on Maroon 5s It Won't Be Soon Before Long Tour as the opening act, Jerrod Bettis, who played drummer for OneRepublic at the time, took pictures of cans that referred to the characteristic style of the works of the American painter Jackson Pollock.
The band later painted the photos in distinct colors, as a way to symbolize the "hazy feeling of awakening", contrasting the title "Waking Up" with the title of the band's debut album, "Dreaming Out Loud".
OneRepublic's drummer Eddie Fisher also add that ""Waking Up" as a metaphor for like we were "Dreaming Out Loud".
It happened".
He also adds that the title contrasts the songs to the overall concept of the album, "like waking up after spending a long time having bad dreams".
Promotion and release.
"Waking Up" was released through Interscope Records on November 17, 2009, in North America, November 20, in Australia, while being released on November 13 in Germany and not until January 18, 2010, in the United Kingdom.
A deluxe version of the album was released exclusively in North America at the same time as the standard version.
The album was completed on August 25, 2009.
The lead single from the album, "All the Right Moves", was released on September 29, 2009, for airplay and officially released on October 6, 2009.
The lead single in Germany, "Secrets" was released on October 30, 2009, and it was released as a single in the US on June 1, 2010.
The first single from "Waking Up", "All the Right Moves", was released for radio airplay on September 29, 2009, and then received an official release digitally on October 6, 2009.
The music video for the single was released on October 8, 2009.
It has peaked at number 18 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
OneRepublic then digitally released "Everybody Loves Me" on October 20, 2009, after having already posted a snippet of the song along with three others on their MySpace page.
"Good Life" was then released digitally on November 10, peaking at number 8 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
"Secrets" was released as the lead single from the album in Germany for airplay on September 21, 2009 and was released digitally on October 30, 2009, in Germany.
It was also released on November 3, 2009 as the album's second digital single in the US.
The song was also featured in the 2010 film "The Sorcerer's Apprentice".
The song "Marchin On" was selected to support the German TV channel ZDF and serves as the channel's official FIFA 2010 World Cup song.
It was released for digital download in Germany on June 18, 2010.
Critical reception.
"Waking Up" received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 61, based on 9 reviews.
"Daily Star"s Sarah-Louise James praised the construction of the album's melancholic and danceable songs, saying that "Tedder and his band mates are clearly masters at delivering an emotive, anthemic chorus that, whether you like it or not, will bury itself under your skin like ringworm".
Tony Cummings of Cross Rhythms complements the commentary on "Waking Up", "the album have stay-in-the-mind song hooks and production", and praised Tedder's vocals, calling them "haunting".
Caroline Sullivan from "The Guardian" lauded Tedder's melodies and overall production, writing that "every last song is incredibly catchy.
Kelsey Paine from "Billboard" complemented the album's catchiness, also adding that "OneRepublic still maintains its own graceful and introspective sound".
Bill Lamb of About.com praised the album's production values, writing that "Waking Up", "is that its a work of expert pop music craft", concluding that "band shows off their versatility in rhythm, instrumentation and mood".
Sputnikmusic gave it a positive review, praising the band's ambition to create their own sonic formula and melodic experimentalism, but felt that there is still room for a richer sonic diversity in instrumentals.
Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic compared the title track to the Killers "only with their goofy pomp replaced with po-faced circumstance", and criticized the album for having "no joy, only dogged diligence, an alienating insistence that texture means more than warmth or melody".
Track listing.
All songs written and produced by Ryan Tedder, except for where noted.
Traditionally, its founding is linked to King Stefan Dragutin.
The earliest historical records about the monastery date to 1562.
The club will participate in Serie B and Coppa Italia.
Competitions.
Ciliatocardium ciliatum, also known as the Iceland cockle, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Cardiidae.
Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo.
The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station.
The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2014 due to the civil war.
Commercial use of Wikimedia projects refers to any business or product selling content from Wikipedia or Wikimedia projects which it freely took.
Wikimedia projects use free and open copyright licenses which means that anyone may share the information for any purpose.
Commercial organizations which take without giving back may face criticism or social pressure.
Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia.
Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia occurs when editors use Wikipedia to advance the interests of their external roles or relationships.
The type of COI editing of most concern on Wikipedia is paid editing for public relations (PR) purposes.
The media has also written about COI editing by BP, the Central Intelligence Agency, Diebold, Portland Communications, Sony, the Vatican, and several others.
Republication of Wikimedia content.
In response to criticism about distributing misinformation, in 2018 YouTube announced a plan to match their videos to Wikipedia as a factchecking strategy.
YouTube did not inform anyone in the Wikimedia Foundation that they were organizing this project.
Critics questioned the fairness of YouTube and parent Google having a business model which shifts responsibility to Wikipedia's volunteer editors and does not apparently give back to that labor force.
Facebook created a feature in 2018 to likewise use Wikipedia to counter fake news.
Beginning in April, news articles posted to Facebook have had an information button directing the user to the news publisher's Wikipedia entry, among other background content.
Due to this, Breitbart News and other right-wing media organizations criticized Facebook and Wikipedia, especially over perceived bias in the content of Wikipedia's article on Breitbart.
Also due to Facebook's and Google's use of Wikipedia to counter fake news, the Wikimedia Foundation is planning to formally ask the companies for compensation for its services.
In May 2018, Google republished information that it took from Wikipedia.
When critics complained that the information was incorrect, Google apologized by saying that they took the information from Wikipedia.
Commercial use of Wikidata.
Wikidata has many applications as a centralized store of reference information.
Commercial use is a category of these applications.
In July 2017 a small business reported benefit from using Wikidata in their commercial product.
Response.
Wikimedia Foundation director Katherine Maher has called on commercial organizations to develop Wikipedia and the shared commons to match their use of it.
On March 16, 2021, the Wikimedia Foundation announced the launch of Wikimedia Enterprise, a commercial product designed to sell and deliver Wikipedia's content directly to Big Tech companies.
Agreements between the Big Tech companies and Wikimedia LLC, the foundation's new subsidiary, could be reached as early as June.
Sarund Mata temple, also known as Saroond Mata and chilay mata, is located in Sarund village near Kotputli on Neem ka thana to Kotputli highway, in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
Though the whole of Rajasthan is full of temples and places of folk deities, but every year in Chaitra and Shardiya Navaratri, there is a large crowd of devotees here.
Thousands of devotees come from every corner of the country, including Rajasthan, to visit the mother.
This temple of Mahabharat time is situated on a arawali hill in village Sarund.
Which one has to climb 284 stairs to reach.
The idol of the mother in the temple installed by the Pandavas during their hidden period.
The idol of the Chilay Devi Maa installed in the temple is a form of the total goddess of the Pandavas and their dynasty Tanwar or Tomar Rajput, People from khandelwal Mamodiya society worship Maa Surund as Kuldevi.
But each time halfway up the temple, the wines kept on camels used to be empty.
Seeing this, the Mughal emperor Akbar had to bow down.
After this, Akbar got the temple renovated.
The idol is situated in a cave on the hill.
To reach it, one has to pass through seven gates.
Earlier there used to be only one gate.
While the remaining six gates are Mughal carpet.
It is said that these gates were built by Akbar.
This trend continued even during Aurangzeb.
During the ascent of the temple, the footprint of the mother comes halfway while the parikrama of the temple is located as 52 Bhaironu, 56 Kalwa, 64 Yogini, 9 Narasimha and 5 Pir Kshetrapal according to the priests.
Apart from this, the historical temple of Hanuman ji is also located in the middle of the 500 year old stepwell, umbrella and cave.
Also, Jagran is also done on the night of Saptami.
This time Jagran will happen on Saturday night.
Apart from this, Jagran is also organized on Shukla Ashtami of every month.
The annual festival of the temple is held every year for four consecutive days from Vaishakh Shukla Shashti to Navami.
The Rhodesia Railways 15th class (later Zambia Railways and National Railways of Zimbabwe 15th classes), was the second-largest class of Garratt locomotives, with 74 locomotives built.
Development and delivery.
The Rhodesia Railways (RR) 15th class was one of only two Double Baltic Garratt classes built, the other class of "Double Baltics" being the Sudan Railways 250 class (which RR later bought and classified as their 17th class).
A requirement for a locomotive with a larger driving wheel diameter for higher speed train service on the more level parts of the railway led to the design of a new class.
These Garratts were built with a "semi-streamlined" rounded front bunker (water tank), that would become synonymous with modern Garratt locomotives.
The locomotives proved their worth, with a high availability, achieving per month.
After World War II, a further 70 locomotives were ordered.
The 1947 batch of ten were delivered with a modified front bunker, and a rounded rear bunker as well (the first four had a standard rectangular rear bunker).
The next twenty locomotives had further modifications to the front bunker, while the rear bunker had been modified to increase coal capacity from .
The last forty locomotives were designated as 15A class.
While almost identical externally, they had their boiler pressure increased from .
Over the following years there were some swapping of boilers between locomotives of 15th, 15A and 16th classes, as well as exchanges of front bunkers, so it was impossible to say for certain if a particular locomotive is 15th or 15A class (i.e. has a 180 or 200 psi boiler).
Service.
The 15th class were Intended for the long run from Bulawayo to Mafeking, South Africa via Francistown and Gaborone, Bechuanaland (now Botswana) but this was dependent on the strengthening of certain bridges which could not be carried out due to the war.
They therefore worked the Salisbury-Gwelo section and proved their value there, so after the war more were ordered.
After use on most of the system, as outlined further, they eventually worked in Botswana after 1959 and reached Mafeking in 1966 when Rhodesia Railways took over operation of the whole system.
They replaced the 12th class 4-8-2 locomotives previously used.
On these trains, the locomotives were worked almost continuously on the 1000-mile round trip, with two crews, one working, one resting in the caboose.
The 15th class were also used on the Bulawayo to Salisbury (now Harare), Bulawayo to Victoria Falls, and Gwelo to Malvernia, Mozambique trains.
A few were also used in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia).
When Zambia took over the operation of railways in its territory, only a few 15th class locomotives went to Zambia Railways.
Consequently there was no wholesale renumbering of the 15th class like there was with the 20th class.
One locomotive that was renumbered was 404.
It ran away on a downhill section between Thompson Junction and Dett (now Dete).
It derailed and overturned on one of the many curves near Entuba siding, killing its experienced driver Danny Grace.
The fireman, Dutch born Gerard Smout and the African coal trimmer were thrown clear of the engine and survived the crash.
The locomotive was believed to be jinxed, and so after repair, was renumbered 424.
One of its old number plates became a memorial at the derailment site.
It was however eventually stolen.
By June 1975 there were 52 locomotives of the 15th class left in service, all allocated to Bulawayo.
Rebuilding.
In 1978 Rhodesia Railways started a rebuilding program for its steam locomotive fleet.
Between 1980 and 1983 the remaining Garratt locomotives were completely overhauled and had some modernisation, including the installation of roller bearings.
The work was undertaken by private companies, especially the RESSCO works in Bulawayo.
Thirty-four locomotives of the 15th and 15A classes were rebuilt, but locomotives from the 1940 and 1947 batches were excluded.
Only at the turn of the millennium was the end of general steam operation decided.
After this time, the locomotives were only used until general repairs became due.
The parked locomotives were then used for spare parts, but have not been scrapped.
In 2006 and 2007 ten Garratts underwent minor repairs and were put back into service, although their use was confined to shunting, suburban and special service trains.
Hwange Colliery.
The Hwange Colliery (formerly Wankie Colliery) acquired a total of five 15th class locomotives from National Railways of Zimbabwe for shunting and working transfers to the NRZ at Thompson Junction.
These were numbered 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 (formerly NRZ 415, 396, 392, 423 and 370 respectively).
As of December 1, 2014, all five are now out of service (with 8 and 9 already scrapped) for various boiler and mechanical issues.
This continued in principle until September 2018 although 14A and 16A Garratt's were also supplied by NRZ.
With this arrangement ending it brought to a close the use of daily working steam locomotives on the African continent.
Maru Piravi () is a 1973 Indian Tamil-language erotic thriller film directed by T. R. Ramanna.
It stars R. Muthuraman and Manjula.
It is the Tamil remake of the 1971 Malayalam film "Punarjanmam".
The film was released on 9 February 1973.
Soundtrack.
In 1959, she received the Premio Nadal for "Primera memoria".
The third woman to receive the Cervantes Prize for her literary oeuvre, she is considered one of the foremost novelists of the "posguerra", the period immediately following the Spanish Civil War.
Biography.
Matute was born on 26 July 1925.
At the age of four she almost died from a chronic kidney infection, and was taken to live with her grandparents in Mansilla de la Sierra, a small town in the mountains, for a period of recovery.
Matute says that she was profoundly influenced by the villagers whom she met during her time there.
Settings reminiscent of that town are also often used as settings for her other work.
Matute was ten years old when the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, and this internecine conflict is said to have had the greatest impact on Matute's writing.
She considered not only "the battles between the two factions, but also the internal aggression within each side".
Following the Nationalist victory in 1939, Francisco Franco established a military dictatorship, which lasted thirty-six years until his death in 1975.
Since Matute matured as a writer in this "posguerra" period under the dictatorship, some of the most recurrent themes in her works are violence, alienation, misery, and especially the loss of innocence.
Her work was heavily censored under Franco and she was blacklisted from working as a journalist.
At least once she was fined because of her writings.
She published her first story, "The Boy Next Door", when she was only 17 years old.
Matute was known for her sympathetic treatment of the lives of children and adolescents, their feelings of betrayal and isolation, and their rites of passage.
She often interjected such elements as myth, fairy tale, the supernatural, and fantasy into her works.
She was outspoken about subjects such as the benefits of emotional suffering, the constant changing of a human being, and how innocence is never completely lost.
Matute was a university professor.
She studied at the international school at Hilversum, Netherlands, and traveled to various countries as a lecturer or guest instructor.
Her academic work in the United States spanned four decades, beginning as early as 1966 when she spoke at Our Lady of Cincinnati College.
She lectured at the Tatem Arts Center of Hood College in Maryland on 28 April 1969.
In 1978, she was a visiting professor at the University of Virginia.
She was invited to speak at Brigham Young University in Utah on 12 March 1990, where she gave a lecture on "Working the Craft of Translation" in Spanish.
She was also a guest lecturer at the universities of Oklahoma, Indiana and Virginia.
She was an honorary member of the Hispanic Society of America and a member of the American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese.
She won the Premio Nadal in 1958 for the first novel of the trilogy, "Los Mercaderes".
Death.
External Resources.
Recorded on 5 May 2000, this Spanish author recorded her reading of this work in Spanish at the Library of Congress.
The recording of Matute herself is located in the Archive of Hispanic Literature, which can be located online.
A Cornish hedge is a style of hedge built of stone and earth found in Cornwall, south-west England.
Sometimes hedging plants or trees are planted on the hedge to increase its windbreaking height.
A rich flora develops over the lifespan of a Cornish hedge.
The Cornish hedge contributes to the distinctive field-pattern of the Cornish landscape, and form the county's largest semi-natural wildlife habitat.
Construction.
A Cornish hedge has two sides which are built by placing huge stone blocks into the earth and packing them in with sub-soil.
Smaller interlocking rocks are used to build the hedge high until it reaches a level when random turns into neat rows of square stones called "edgers".
Two inches of grass are sliced from the ground and stuck on top of the structure with sticks.
The structure is very stable and will stand for a hundred years or more.
The hedge has two stone faces with soil between the two walls.
Bushes such as gorse may grow on the top, rooted in the soil between the walls.
It is called a hedge because of its living component.
A professional hedger can build about a metre of double-sided hedge in a day.
There are about of hedges in Cornwall today, and their development over the centuries is preserved in their structure.
Prehistoric farms were of about , with fields about for hand cultivation.
Cornish planning authorities have frequently made it a condition of approval of new developments that the site is bounded by newly made Cornish hedges.
Maintenance.
Cornish hedges suffer from the effects of tree roots, burrowing rabbits, rain, wind, farm animals and people.
Eventually the hedge sides lose their batter, bulge outwards and stones fall.
How often repairs are needed depends on how well the hedge was built, its stone, and what has happened to it since it was last repaired.
Typically a hedge needs a cycle of repair every 150 years or so, or less often if it is fenced.
Building new hedges, and repairing existing hedges, is a skilled craft, and there are professional hedgers in Cornwall.
The Guild of Cornish Hedgers is the main body promoting the understanding of Cornish hedges in Cornwall.
Ali-Marie "JR" Payne (born May 27, 1977) is an American college basketball coach who is currently head women's coach at Colorado.
Early life and education.
Ali-Marie Payne was born in the American city of Jackson, Tennessee and raised in the Canadian city of North Vancouver, British Columbia.
Her father nicknamed her after J. R. Ewing, a character on the TV show "Dallas".
She attended Windsor Secondary School in North Vancouver.
Payne attended Saint Mary's College, where she would play point guard for the Saint Mary's Gaels from 1995 to 1999.
During her senior season, Payne helped lead the Gaels to their first ever NCAA Tournament appearance.
She earned two first-team All-West Coast Conference honor.
In 1999, Payne graduated from Saint Mary's with a degree in French, then attended San Francisco State University for a year for graduate school.
Coaching career.
Assistant coach (2000-2005).
In 2000, Payne began her women's basketball coaching career at Gonzaga under Kelly Graves.
Payne helped recruit guard Shannon Mathews, who would become the first All-American in program history.
In 2005, Payne became an assistant coach at Boise State under Gordy Presnell.
During her time as assistant, Boise State won Western Athletic Conference titles two of her three years and made the NCAA Tournament.
Boise State finished 24-8 twice in a row, including a perfect 14-0 home record in the 2007-08 season.
Southern Utah (2009-2014).
In 2009, Payne got her first head coaching opportunity at Southern Utah.
Payne was head coach at Southern Utah for five seasons.
During her time as head coach for the Thunderbirds, the school transitioned from competing in the Summit League to the Big Sky Conference.
Payne led Southern Utah team to two winning seasons, including a record 23-win season, Big Sky Conference regular-season co-championship, and first-ever postseason appearance in program history in the 2014 Women's National Invitation Tournament.
Payne finished her career at Southern Utah with only two winning seasons out of five.
Her teams did manage an overall winning 24-16 record in Summit League and Big Sky play.
Santa Clara (2014-2016).
On April 6, 2014, Payne became head coach at Santa Clara.
Payne was head coach at Santa Clara for two seasons competing in the WCC Conference.
Payne finished her career at Santa Clara with her teams managing an overall 18-18 record in WCC Conference play.
Following Santa Clara's exit from the WNIT, Payne was offered the head coach position at the University of Colorado-Boulder (Pac-12), The University of Arizona (Pac-12), and the University of New Mexico (Mountain West).
Colorado (2016-present).
On March 28, 2016, Payne became head coach at Colorado.
The program finished 7-23 (2-16 Pac-12) in Lappe's final season.
Payne inherited a program that had a lack of player talent.
In its 45-year history, it marked the fifth time that the Buffs failed to win at least three conference games.
Yet, Payne and her staff invested in completely remaking the culture of the Colorado Buffs women's basketball team and the team bought in.
The Buffs finally turned the corner from the program's struggles to play at a competitive level within the Pac-12 conference.
Colorado again played competitively vs Stanford, but lost on a crucial turnover.
It marked the first win over a ranked opponent since 2016 and stopped a 32-game losing streak against ranked opponents.
Through five seasons as head coach of the University of Colorado women's Bbsketball team, Payne only managed 19 total conference wins.
Previous head coach at CU Lappe had 37 conference wins in her first five seasons.
For the second season in a row, Colorado had multiple first quarters where they came out flat and struggled offensively.
The CU Buffs only managed 8 total points in the first quarter against Washington State on January 3, 2021, matching the 8 total points in the first quarter against UCLA on February 28, 2020.
The 1967 small-college football rankings are rankings of college football teams representing smaller college and university teams during the 1967 college football season, including the 1967 NCAA College Division football season and the 1967 NAIA football season.
Separate rankings were published by the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI).
The AP rankings were selected by a board of sports writers, and the UPI rankings were selected by a board of small-college coaches.
Dave Zelenock is an American college volleyball coach, currently serving as head coach of The Citadel Bulldogs women's volleyball team.
He previously served as head coach at Tennessee Tech.
Zelenock was a club volleyball player at Central Michigan University.
After graduation, he served as an assistant for one year at Northwood before moving to Delaware State for two years.
Next, he returned to his alma mater, where he worked for six years and gained responsibilities for scouting and recruiting.
He earned his first head coaching position at Tennessee Tech, where he served for five years before moving to The Citadel.
She made the cover of Playboy Magazine in 2012.
Career as lawyer.
Rocha worked until January 2011 at the office of a Federal senator.
Her task was to monitor the progress of the committees coordinated by Senator Ciro Nogueira, such as the Parliamentary Enquiry Commission (CPI) for the Cachoeira case.
She was separated from her commissioned position as a parliamentary adviser with the office of Senator Nogueira (PP-PI).
Rocha became the center of attention in Congress after the leak of a video that shows her having sex with a man, a video made six years earlier.
Career as a model.
Rocha was selected for the cover of Playboy Magazine for the September 2012 issue, and she was the muse of samba school Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel in 2013, during Brazilian Carnaval.
Soon after, she was invited to join the cast of the sixth season of the A Fazenda.
A Fazenda.
William "Billy" Connors is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
He is usually depicted as a supporting character of Spider-Man, and the son of Dr. Curt Connors, also known as the Lizard.
Much of his character's story deals with the trauma of his father's uncontrollable powers.
Billy was later injected with Curt's Lizard Formula to cure him of a deadly virus, which also mutated him into an anthropomorphic lizard.
Publication history.
Fictional character biography.
Billy was born in Florida to Curt and Martha Connors, the former of whom is a biologist.
The family moved to New York City so that Curt could continue his research in limb regrowth.
The result was that Curt transformed into the Lizard and chased Billy in an attempt to eat him.
Luckily, Billy was rescued by Spider-Man who turned his father back to normal with the antidote to the Lizard Formula.
During a major story arc, Martha and Billy were kidnapped by the Maggia branch led by Silvermane who wanted Curt to decipher an ancient tablet.
Once again, Curt transformed into the Lizard and it took the combined effort Spider-Man and the Human Torch save Martha and Billy who were happily reunited with a cured Curt.
At one point, Billy was kidnapped by the villain Stegron who demanded that Curt aid him in reviving a dinosaur army.
Spider-Man and Lizard fought Stegron and saved Billy from a terrible fate.
Curt eventually chose to leave his family greatly saddening Billy and Martha.
However, Curt came back and turned Billy into another lizard creature dubbed Lizard Jr., but the two were captured and turned back to normal by Spider-Man.
Sometime later, Curt mentions that Martha and Billy contracted cancer.
Martha died while Billy survived, but was forced to live with his aunt.
During "The Gauntlet and Grim Hunt" storyline, Lizard finally devoured Billy resulting in Lizard becoming a creature called the Shed.
In a lead-up to the "" storyline, Billy was revived by Miles Warren, along with Martha, to motivate Curt to work for him.
When New U Technologies suddenly breaks out in a melee, Billy and Martha are taken away by Curt, who claims that he can cure them of the Carrion Virus.
Billy and Martha are injected with the Lizard Formula, which saves their lives, but also mutates them into anthropomorphic lizards.
Despite this, his father angrily rebuffs his pleas and he, in turn, has started to rebel.
He is later captured and used as a hostage by Kraven the Hunter as part of Kraven's efforts to test his cloned 'offspring' and provoke Spider-Man into becoming the 'hunter' Kraven feels his enemy should be.
When trapped in a cage with Curt, Spider-Man learns that Curt took Billy to Doctor Strange after his resurrection, who confirmed that, for reasons he cannot understand, Billy is not 'just' a clone of the original one, but is actually Billy's soul reborn in his cloned body, driving Curt to be willing to take any measures necessary to protect his son.
Other versions.
Ultimate Marvel.
In the Ultimate Marvel Universe, Billy lives with his mother due to her divorcing Curt.
What If?
In an issue of What If? that asks "What If Spider-Man Killed the Lizard?
", Billy learns that his father was the Lizard and swears revenge on Spider-Man for murdering him.
The club play in Thai League 1.
History.
The Trat Football Club formed in 2012, nicknamed "The White Elephants".
Trat was promoted to 2013 Thai Division 1 League as the first attempt after topping Group B.
The game launched on November 18, 2021.
It is scheduled to launch on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 during Q3 2022.
Gameplay.
Premising humanity's first mission outside the Solar System, players take control of an alien spacecraft and travel across the surface of surreal worlds.
Exploration is highlighted by an electric guitar soundtrack as well as a vocal narration delving into the game's story.
Development.
Influenced by momentum-based titles like iOS mobile game "Tiny Wings", as well as atmospheric indie adventure "Journey", lead developer Jay Weston began full-time work on "Exo One" in early 2016, and launched a successful Kickstarter campaign for the project in 2017.
In addition, Tim Mcburnie served as a conceptual artist for the game, musician Rhys Lindsay provided the soundtrack, while programmer Dave Kazi assisted Weston with coding.
Reception.
The monsoon affects Dhofar and Al Mahrah Governorates from about June to early September.
During these middle months every year, sufficient cold upwelling develops in near-shore waters of the Arabian Sea to hold sea surface temperatures in the low to mid twenties Celsius, while high twenties prevail farther offshore.
Warm humid air blowing onshore from the central Arabian Sea passes over that cooler water and is chilled until fog and precipitation condense.
Towns such as Salalah depend upon the khareef for water supply.
An annual Khareef festival is held in Salalah to celebrate the monsoon and attracts tourists.
Life.
The son of Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick, and his wife, the former Elizabeth Hamilton, he was a younger brother of George Greville, 2nd Earl of Warwick, and of Charles Francis Greville.
He was educated at the University of Edinburgh.
He saw little or no active service and perhaps the most notable aspect of his army career was as an equerry to King George III from 1781 to 1797.
This included the king's first bout of physical and mental illness, then known as madness, for which Greville's diaries are a valuable primary source.
Some incidents from them were incorporated into the play "The Madness of George III" and its film adaptation - a fictionalised Greville appears in both of them, played in the film by Rupert Graves.
Greville's duties as an equerry did not prevent him starting a parliamentary career, initially as Member of Parliament for Warwick from 1774 to 1780, supporting the Tory government of Lord North.
He went with the king's household on its 1794 season in Weymouth, again recording it in his diary in considerable detail. 1794 also saw Greville elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
In 1796, a year before leaving his post as equerry, he was elected Member of Parliament for New Windsor, holding the constituency for ten years.
He returned to the royal household as Groom of the Bedchamber from 1800 to 1818 (from 1812 at Windsor Castle after the final onset of George III's illness).
His diaries recounting the period are now held in the Royal Collection.
Fanny Burney referred to Greville as "Colonel Wellbred" and he was a favourite at court.
Emma, Lady Hamilton, who had been the mistress of his brother Charles, wrote to Robert on several occasions, seeking financial assistance.
Greville died on 27 April 1824.
Valente is a town in Mozambique lying on the Zambezi River.
Transport.
He was one of a small number of one-man blues bands (along with fellow Memphis bluesman Doctor Ross) to have recorded commercially in the 1950s.
He was also a session musician for Sun Records.
Life and career.
Early life.
Louis was born Lester (or possibly Leslie) Hill on September 23, 1921, in Raines, Tennessee.
His nickname "Joe Louis" arose as a result of a childhood fight with another youth.
At the age of 14 he left home to work as a servant for a wealthy Memphis family.
He also worked at the Peabody Hotel in Memphis in the late 1930s.
From the early 1940s onwards he worked as a musician and one-man band.
Recording and radio career.
Louis made his recording debut on Columbia Records in 1949, and his music was released on a variety of labels through the 1950s, such as Modern, Checker, Meteor, and Big Town.
Louis most notably recording for Sam Phillips' Sun Records, for whom he recorded extensively as a backing musician for a wide variety of other singers as well as under his own name.
His most notable electric blues single, "Boogie in the Park" (recorded in July 1950 and released the following month), featured Louis performing "one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded" while also playing a rudimentary drum kit.
It was the only record released on Sam Phillips's early Phillips label before he founded Sun Records.
Louis's electric guitar playing is also considered a predecessor of heavy metal music.
He also shared writing credit for the song "Tiger Man", which has been recorded by Thomas and Elvis Presley, among others.
Around 1950 he took over the "Pepticon Boy" radio program on WDIA from B.
B.
King.
He was also known as "The Pepticon Boy" or "The Be-Bop Boy", and recorded as "Chicago Sunny Boy" for Meteor Records in 1953.
Death.
Anatoliy Solodun (born 24 February 1962) is a Ukrainian water polo player.
Dilobeia tenuinervis is a species of tree in the family Proteaceae.
It is endemic to Madagascar.
Range and habitat.
"Dilobeia tenuinervis" is a large tree, native to the humid lowland forests of southeastern Madagascar.
It is known only from the Tsitongambarika forest in Anosy region, where it grows between 200 and 300 meters elevation.
The tree is threatened with habitat loss from illegal logging, conversion of forest to agriculture and pasture, and human-caused fires.
Volume was a magazine in the form of a series of compact disc compilation albums that were published in the UK in the early to mid 1990s.
The albums typically contained exclusive tracks and remixes from a diverse range of indie artists.
Each album was packaged with a 192-page booklet that contained features on the artists, and original articles.
The booklet was the size and shape of a CD jewel case, and was usually packaged with the CD case in a cardboard sleeve.
"Volume One", the first issue, was published in September 1991.
The series came to an end in January 1997, with Volume Seventeen.
Concept.
Rob Deacon and Robin Gibson thought up the concept of a CD and complementary book in the early 1990s, but found that publishers were reluctant to invest in it because the shops were full of discount hit compilations, and pressed them to rethink their idea and lower the quality of the book.
Gibson was unwilling to do so, having seen similar projects fail because both the CD and publication had to complement each other.
They therefore set up their own publishing venture, World's End Ltd.
Rob Deacon became Managing Editor and Robin Gibson was Editor.
The booklet contained interviews and bios of the bands and musical artists, with discographies and "favorite tracks" lists.
The tone of many of the articles was irreverent, and much of the filler material was humorous.
For example, in the "Wasted" compilation's companion booklet, several short blurbs entitled "The Diary of Dave Stewart's Beard" are written from the perspective of a beard, which pontificates whether it will be shaven, and describes its attempts to hide itself in shame after the poor performance of its owner's latest album.
Among the contributors were comedy writers Graham Linehan and Arthur Mathews.
Several double-CD compilations were also released in parallel with the series, including the "Trance Europe Express" and "Trance Atlantic" series, a mix release called "TEXtures", and two best-of compilations.
These special editions were packaged in double-disc jewel cases, in a box with Volume's standard-sized 192-page booklet.
The appearance of the first "Trance Europe Express" was welcomed by the "Independent on Sunday" as having "style and assurance".
Later developments.
Later editions included a CD-ROM, typically with a series of Flash animations and video content.
The brand's visual trademark was photographs of tropical fish, with a different species appearing on the cover of each issue.
The collective spines laid end to end of Volume One to Volume 10 formed the image of a shark.
The artists featured in the magazine ranged widely from indie guitar groups such as Curve, The Wannadies, and Cocteau Twins, to ambient and techno artists such as The Orb and The Shamen and a very early interview with Aphex Twin by John Robb.
Other artists and trip hop band Massive Attack, electronic body music group Nitzer Ebb, and hip-hop act Cypress Hill.
Electronic music was featured quite heavily.
In October 1996, with the project celebrating its fifth anniversary, there were 12 people working in its offices.
Editions of "Volume" sold more than 25,000 copies and had been translated into French and Japanese.
However, the increased number of magazines with free CDs eventually made the "Volume" compilations unsustainable and the company closed in 1997.
Issues.
The "Trance..." albums concentrated exclusively on electronic music.
Raglan Castle () is a late medieval castle located just north of the village of Raglan in the county of Monmouthshire in south east Wales.
The modern castle dates from between the 15th and early 17th centuries, when the successive ruling families of the Herberts and the Somersets created a luxurious, fortified castle, complete with a large hexagonal keep, known as the Great Tower or the Yellow Tower of Gwent.
Surrounded by parkland, water gardens and terraces, the castle was considered by contemporaries to be the equal of any other in England or Wales.
During the First English Civil War, Raglan was occupied by a Royalist garrison on behalf of Charles I but was taken by Parliamentarian forces in 1646 and its walls slighted, or deliberately put beyond military use.
After the Stuart Restoration in 1660, the Somersets declined to restore it and it became first a source of local building materials, then a romantic ruin.
It is now a tourist attraction.
History.
Early history of the castle.
Following the Norman invasion of Wales, the area around the village of Raglan was granted to William FitzOsbern, the Earl of Hereford.
The local manor was held by the Bloet family from the late 12th century until the late 14th century, and the family built a manor house somewhere on the site during this period, surrounded by a park.
By the late medieval period the Raglan site was surrounded by the large deer parks of Home Park and Red Deer Park, the latter being enclosed at the end of the period. 15th to 16th centuries.
The current Raglan Castle was begun by Sir William ap Thomas, the lesser son of a minor Welsh family who rose through the ranks of mid-15th century politics, profiting from the benefits of the local offices he held.
William married first Elizabeth, a wealthy heiress, and then Gwladus, another heiress who would prove to be a powerful regional figure in her own right.
Sir William's son dropped the Welsh version of his name, calling himself William Herbert.
He continued to rise in prominence, supporting the House of York during the War of the Roses, fighting in the Hundred Years War in France but making his fortune from the Gascon wine trade.
In the 1460s William used his increasing wealth to remodel Raglan on a much grander scale.
Historian Anthony Emery has described the resulting castle as one of the "last formidable displays of medieval defensive architecture".
There was an important link between Raglan Castle and the surrounding parkland, in particular the Home Park and the Red Deer Park.
Historian Robert Liddiard suggests that on the basis of the views from the castle at this time, the structured nature of the parks would have contrasted with the wilderness of the mountain peaks framing the scene beyond, making an important statement about the refinement and cultured nature of the castle lord.
In the 15th century there were also extensive orchards and fish ponds surrounding the castle, favourably commented upon by contemporaries.
William Herbert was executed as a Yorkist supporter in 1469 after the Battle of Edgecote Moor.
Building work may have stopped for a period under his son, also called William Herbert, before recommencing in the late 1470s.
By 1492, the castle passed to Elizabeth Somerset, William Herbert's daughter, who married Sir Charles Somerset, passing the castle into a new family line.
Sir Charles Somerset was politically successful under both Henry VII and Henry VIII, being made the Earl of Worcester.
His son, Henry Somerset, died shortly after inheriting Raglan, but not before using lead reclaimed from Tintern Abbey to help the building work at Raglan Castle during the dissolution of the monasteries.
His son and grandson, William Somerset and Edward Somerset, proved to be what John Kenyon describes as "wealthy, brilliant and cultured men".
William rebuilt much of the Pitched Stone Court, including the hall, adding the Long Gallery and developing the gardens into the new Renaissance style.
The Somerset family owned two key castles in the region, Raglan and Chepstow, and these appeared to have figured prominently as important status symbols in paintings owned by the family. 17th century.
Edward Somerset made minor improvements to the interior of the castle at the start of the 17th century, but focused primarily on the exterior, expanding and developing the gardens and building the moat walk around the Great Tower.
The resulting gardens were considered the equal of any others in the kingdom at the time.
Upon inheriting Raglan in 1628, Henry Somerset, then the 5th Earl of Worcester, continued to live a grand lifestyle in the castle in the 1630s, with a host of staff, including a steward, Master of Horse, Master of Fishponds, surveyors, auditors, ushers, a falconer and many footmen.
The interior walls were hung with rich tapestries from Arras in France, while an inventory taken in 1639 recorded a large number of silver and gilt plate kept in the Great Tower, including an ostrich egg cup, and a silver basket for oranges and lemons, then luxury items in Wales.
Mead was a popular drink in the castle, but contemporaries described the castle as being a particular sober and respectful community.
Henry developed the entrance route to the castle, including building the Red Gate.
His son Edward, Lord Herbert became famous for building a "water commanding machine" in the Great Tower, which used steam to pump a huge spout of water high into the air from the moat.
In August 1642 the First English Civil War began between Royalist supporters of Charles I and Parliament.
Raglan Castle was still held by Henry, then an elderly man, supported by his son, Lord Herbert.
Both men were firm royalists.
King Charles sent his own son, Prince Charles, on a fund-raising tour of friendly regions, starting with Raglan Castle in October 1642, following which Henry was promoted to be the first Marquess of Worcester.
Heavier cannon were installed in the bastions, with lighter pieces placed in the castle towers.
Lord Herbert left the castle to join the campaign against Parliament, returning at intervals to acquire more funds for the war.
Charles I himself visited the castle twice, first in June 1645 after the battle of Naseby and again in 1646, when he enjoyed playing bowls on the castle's green.
The Royalist cause was now close to military collapse, and the Marquess started to send some valuables, including the oak panelling from the parlour, some plaster ceiling and many pictures, to his brother at nearby Troy House for safe-keeping.
Lord Herbert was captured in Ireland, and an attack on Raglan itself appeared imminent.
Large amounts of food were brought in to support the growing castle community, which also included a number of the wider Herbert family and other regional Royalist leaders who had sought shelter there.
The first Parliamentary army arrived in early June, under the command of Colonel Morgan and Sir Trevor Williams.
After several calls for the castle to surrender, a siege ensued, lasting through the summer months.
In August, additional Parliamentarian forces under General Fairfax arrived, and calls for the castle to surrender were renewed.
Fairfax's men began to dig trenches towards the castle, and used these to move mortars forward, probably including the famous "Roaring Meg", bringing the interior of the castle into artillery range.
Facing a hopeless situation, the Marquess surrendered the castle on 19 August on relatively generous terms for the garrison.
The Marquess himself was arrested and sent to Windsor Castle, where he died shortly afterwards.
Fairfax ordered the castle to be totally destroyed under the supervision of Henry Herbert, a descendant of William ap Thomas.
The fortifications proved too strong, however, and only a few of the walls were destroyed, or slighted.
Historian Matthew Johnson describes the event as having the atmosphere of a "community festival", as local people dredged the castle moat in search of treasure, and emptied the fishponds of valuable carp.
The castle's library, including an important collection of Welsh documents and books, was either stolen or destroyed.
Despite some immediate confiscations after the siege, by the time of the Restoration of Charles II, the Somerset family had managed to recover most of their possessions, including Raglan Castle.
Henry Somerset, the 3rd Marquess, decided to prioritise the rebuilding of his other houses at Troy and Badminton, rather than Raglan, reusing some of the property sent away for safety before the war, or salvaged after the slighting. 18th to 21st centuries.
For the first half of the 18th century, the castle continued to deteriorate, with the Somerset family allowing their stewards to quarry stone from the castle for the repair of other estate buildings.
One particular estate surveyor called Hopkins became known as the "Grand Dilapidator", due to the number of chimneys, window frames and staircases he had removed from the castle.
Henry Somerset, the 5th Duke, finally put an end to this practice in 1756, and the castle became a tourist attraction, part of the popular Wye Tour.
Seats, fences and bridges were installed, and the first guidebook to the site was published in the early 19th century.
The Great Hall was temporarily re-roofed in the 1820s, when the castle was used for a "Grand Entertainment" by the Somersets, and in 1830 Jeffrey Wyattville was employed to reinstate the Grand Staircase.
The Monmouthshire antiquarian Joseph Bradney recorded a visit to the castle by Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, then Prince and Princess of Wales, in October 1881.
In 1938 Henry Somerset, the 10th Duke, entrusted guardianship of Raglan Castle to the Commissioner of Works, and the castle became a permanent tourist attraction.
Today, the castle is classed as a Grade I listed building and as a Scheduled Monument, administered by Cadw.
Between 2003 and 2007 Cambrian Archaeological Projects led excavations at the castle in advance of a planned new visitor centre.
Architecture.
Raglan Castle was built in several phases, initial work occurring in the 1420s and 1430s, a major phase in the 1460s, with various alterations and additions at the end of the 16th century.
The castle was built in stone, initially pale sandstone from Redbrook, and later Old Red Sandstone, with Bath Stone used for many of the detailed features.
Like similar properties of the period, the castle of the 1460s was almost certainly designed to be approached and entered in a particular way, maximising the aesthetic and political value of the fortification.
A visitor would have needed to circle the Great Tower and the moat, before coming in through the gatehouse, into the Pitched Stone Court, around the edge of the communal hall, before reaching the previously hidden, and more refined, inner Fountain Court.
Only then would a privileged guest be able to enter the Great Tower itself, overlooking the Herbert family's own chambers.
Many less senior visitors or servants would never have entered this far, seeing only the external elements of the castle, but perhaps having been impressed by the outside of the Great Tower as they arrived.
Another line of debate has been over the nature of the castle's defences, in particular its gunloops.
Many castles built around the same time as Raglan appear to have been built with less concern for defences than in the past, their military features more symbolic than real.
More recent explanations emphasise the prestigious symbolism of gunloops for the Herbert family when they built the castle, even if many might have been impossible to use.
Gatehouse and Closet Tower.
The three-storey gatehouse to Raglan Castle dates from the 1460s and is approached over a stone bridge restored in 1949.
Characterised by extensive machicolations and gunloops, the gatehouse would originally have had a twin-set of portcullises and a drawbridge.
The intention of the design was at least partially defensive, but was also intended to provide a dramatic and impressive entrance for senior visitors to the castle.
The upper part of the gatehouse provided chambers for the constable of the castle.
Immediately to the west of the gatehouse was the castle library, once famous for its collection of Welsh literature.
The Closet Tower was partly altered in later years, possibly to allow the basement to be used as a magazine in the English Civil War.
Pitched Stone Court and Fountain Court.
On the east side of the court is the former office wing, a 16th-century construction mostly destroyed during the siege of 1646.
The castle kitchens and pantries are on the north side, containing two large fireplaces and storage facilities for food and supplies in their cellars.
In the 1460s, the first floors to these buildings included chambers for the senior servants.
The buttery in the north-west corner would have been used to store and serve beer and wine.
On the south-west side of the court is the hall, a 16th-century design incorporating an earlier hall on the same site. wide, the hall was originally high, with a roof made of Irish oak, lit and ventilated by a cupola in the middle.
A large oriel window lit the end of the hall occupied at dinner by the earls of Worcester, which by the time Raglan was built would have been used only for larger formal occasions.
Originally, the hall would have been fitted with carved wooden panelling and a minstrel's gallery.
The Fountain Court lies to the west of the Pitched Stone Court, and is named after a marble fountain that once stood in the centre of it, featuring a white horse on a black marble base, complete with a flow of running water.
The Fountain Court as a whole is marked by what Augustus Pugin described as extremely fine, elegant and delicate stonework.
The castle chapel runs alongside the east side of the court, long and originally laid with bright yellow and tiles and decorated with gold and silver vestments.
The Long Gallery stretches across the whole east first-floor of the Fountain Court and, although now ruined, would have been a show-piece for the earls' wealth and power.
The gallery was long and during the Tudor period it would have been wood-panelled throughout and lined with tapestries and paintings.
The Long Galley was intended to allow family and guests to relax inside and to admire the gardens, water gardens and the deer park to the north of the castle.
Although most of this decoration has since been lost, two caryatid statues can still be seen on the walls of the Long Gallery, modelled on a work by the French artist Hugues Sambin.
The west side of the Fountain Court comprises the apartments, with a number of bay windows and window seats facing west and north across the park.
Although examples of such straight-flight staircases can be found in other late-medieval buildings, the architectural historian John Newman considers the Grand Staircase had "a grandeur hard to parallel in 15th-century England."
The apartments to the west of the staircase are more complex than the others, designed to create somewhat greater privacy, and overlooked the gardens to the west of the castle.
On the south side of the court is the South Gate, the original entrance to the castle prior to the 1460s reconstruction.
The fan-vaulted gatehouse closely resembles the contemporary cloisters at Gloucester Cathedral, but by the 16th century had been converted to the entrance to the bowling green in the terrace beyond.
These were intended to provide rooms that were more private than the main hall, but more public than a personal chamber.
Now ruined, they would originally have been decorated with carved wainscoting and elaborate, carved chimney-pieces.
Alongside these rooms, overlooking the Great Tower, were the private rooms for the lord's family, of higher quality than the other accommodation in the castle.
Great Tower.
The Great Tower at Raglan Castle, sometimes called the Yellow Tower of Gwent, sits outside the rest of the castle, protected by a moat and linked to the Fountain Court by a bridge.
In the 15th century the fashion spread, with the creation of French-influenced palatial castles featuring complex tower keeps, such as those at Wardour and Tattershall.
These were expensive buildings to construct, each built to a unique design and, as historian Norman Pounds has suggested, "were designed to allow very rich men to live in luxury and splendour".
The hexagonal Great Tower was probably begun in the 1430s and 1440s, possibly on the motte of a previous castle.
The tower today has lost not only one of its walls but part of its upper structure, and would originally have been three storeys high with probably additional machicolations on top similar to those on the gatehouse.
It was designed to be a self-contained fortification, with its own water and food supplies, and luxurious quarters lit by large windows on the upper floors.
The Herberts used the bridge as their badge, and it can be seen in the carved window designs around the castle.
An apron wall with six turrets was also added around the tower at around the same time.
The original moat around the tower would have been a simple design, but it was redesigned in the 1460s to provide a walkway around the outside of the Great Tower.
It is likely that fish would have been bred in the moat.
Landscape and gardens.
The former 16th- and 17th-century gardens of Raglan Castle are still visible in the form of several long terraces to the north of the castle, overlooking the lower ground beyond.
First created in the second half of the 16th century, these terraces would originally have included a number of knot gardens, probably with Italianate sculpture and carved stone balustrades.
The gardens at their peak would have probably resembled those at Nonsuch Palace, where the Somersets also had an interest as the royal keepers.
The valley below retains some signs of the drainage ditches that once formed part of the water gardens that flooded the bottom of the site, although the original "water-parterre" to the north-west of the castle, another water garden in the south, and the extensive gardens around the south-west of the castle are now no longer visible.
The castle's bowling green still survives, on a terrace just beyond the South Gate entrance.
The Chapel Field Road drill hall was a military installation in Norwich, Norfolk.
History.
The building, which was designed by James Benest in the Gothic style to incorporate part of a tower from the old city wall and built by William Gilbert, was opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales in October 1866.
It was initially used by elements of the 1st Norfolk Rifle Volunteer Corps which became the 1st Volunteer Battalion, The Norfolk Regiment in 1883.
It became the headquarters of the 4th Territorial Battalion the Norfolk Regiment when that battalion moved from the Bethel Street drill hall during the First World War.
The battalion was mobilised at the Chapel Field Road drill hall in September 1939 for service in the Middle East and then the Far East during the Second World War.
The Battle of Adrianople was one of the final battles of the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829 and resulted in the Treaty of Adrianople (1829), which ended that conflict.
Background.
Russian interest with regard to the Ottoman Empire centered on the Balkan Peninsula region and the Dardanelles in particular.
Ottoman control of this strait left the potential, despite past treaties, to cut off a significant portion of Russian trade and access to the Mediterranean Sea.
A weakened Ottoman military in the wake of Sultan Mahmud II's reformation of the armed forces and the recent destruction of their navy during the Greek War of Independence gave the Russian military the opportunity to seize control of the strait, as well as some additional territory.
There is also reason to believe that Tsar Nicholas I desired to further reduce the resurgent Ottoman army.
The Balkans were the main focus of Russian attention at this time, but there was a significant interest in the Caucasus as well.
Russian aspirations there centered on the creation of a better or more defensible military border with the Ottoman Empire.
Though this was not the main objective of this war, the opportunity provided by a weakened Ottoman position in Europe allowed Russian forces the chance to make these goals a reality.
Prelude.
The Russian invasion of Ottoman territory in the Balkans was stalled at the end of 1828 by the fortress of Shumla in modern Bulgaria and other similar garrisons.
Some of these forces, however, had been pulled up from the Balkan mountains, leaving the path south open to further Russian incursion.
Diebitsch decided to bypass the forts after leaving small forces behind to contain the garrisons.
This allowed him to approach Adrianople uncontested, but the journey through the mountains was hard on his army, and they were not in the condition to besiege the city.
Rather than show weakness to the enemy, Diebitsch pushed his soldiers onward, hoping to bluff the defenders into believing a fresh Russian army had appeared on their doorstep.
Battle.
In this case, the label "battle" is misleading as no actual combat took place.
The Turkish defenders, surprised and frightened by the appearance of the Russian army at their gates, surrendered without a fight.
The Russian bluff paid off and resulted in their occupation of the European capital of the Ottoman Empire.
It is possible that there was a reason beyond fear that prompted the bloodless surrender of one of the Ottoman's most important European cities.
Many members of the Adrianople garrison were former Janissaries who deserted almost immediately after the Russian forces' appearance.
A number of these men were later arrested and killed for planning to instigate an uprising in Constantinople against the Sultan.
Aftermath.
Though the Sultan desired to continue the war, his advisors convinced him to opt for peace following the loss of Adrianople.
Turkish envoys arrived in the city on August 17 to begin working on the peace treaty, which was finalized and signed on September 2.
The treaty affected Russian and Ottoman territorial holdings in both Europe and the Caucasus.
Though there were no large border shifts, the implications for a number of the affected areas were substantial.
In the Caucasus, Russia gained a handful of strong points and a small port.
All other territory gained there was returned to the Ottomans.
The more significant changes took place in the Balkans region with far-reaching implications for some provinces, especially Moldavia and Wallachia, though most of the land conquered by the Russian army, including Adrianople itself, was returned to Ottoman sovereignty.
These two regions had previously been governed by the Ottomans with very little in the way of autonomy.
After the Treaty of Adrianople, they had some ability to govern themselves and were even considered Russian protectorates despite being nominally labeled Ottoman territory.
Serbia was likewise granted more autonomy and more or less freed of Ottoman governance.
Additionally, the Balkan forts that had once acted as a first line of defense for the Ottomans along the Danube River were razed, further liberating these areas of Ottoman influence.
Russian access to the Dardanelles was also changed significantly.
Their commercial ships were now to be granted unlimited access, as would the ships from any other nation trading with Russia.
This gave Russia much more of an assurance that their commercial access to the Mediterranean would continue and effectively opened them to trade with all other nations.
As a result of the Battle of Adrianople the Ottoman Empire lost control of large portions of its European holdings in all but name, gave up territory in the Caucasus, and lost ability to use the Dardanelles as a bargaining chip.
Russia gained influence in the Balkans and assured their ships' access to trade.
Post-treaty fighting.
Mauricio Eduardo Cataldo Mancilla (born 28 February 1979) is a Chilean former footballer.
Club career.
He is well remembered for his rabona golden goal to then Universidad de Chile's goalkeeper Johnny Herrera during the Chilean 2003 Torneo Apertura.
That goal occurred in the extra Time of a playoff's quarterfinals match to the define the tournament's champion.
After football.
Politics.
He unsuccessfully competed in the elections in La Florida, Santiago's commune, where he failed to reach a municipal post.
In 2019, again he announced his intention to compete for the municipal elections in La Florida.
Personal life.
Ellerslie is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Allegany County, Maryland, United States.
As of the 2010 census it had a population of 572.
Ellerslie is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The community is named for Elderslie, Scotland, the birthplace of Scottish hero William Wallace.
History.
In the early twentieth century, Ellerslie contained a planing mill and a Standard Oil Company pumping station.
Geography.
Ellerslie lies along Maryland Route 35, north of Cumberland and is next to the Pennsylvania-Maryland state line.
To the north, Pennsylvania Route 96 extends to Hyndman and to Bedford.
Munk was president of the Expert Committee of the Union of German Philatelic Societies, and an international philatelic juror before World War Two.
He won the Lindenberg Medal in 1925 and his name was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists at Torquay in 1932.
He signed the roll personally at the Brighton congress in 1933.
In 1936 Munk won the Crawford Medal of the Royal Philatelic Society London, of which society he was a Fellow, and he is a member of the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame.
Munk left Germany before the outbreak of war and continued his philatelic work in Switzerland where he did research on early Swiss stamps.
A report in the "Australian Stamp Monthly", 1 November 1937, states that sources in Germany believed that he was effectively in exile as a "non-Aryan".
Roberts was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.
He was born in Malegaon, Bombay Presidency and later educated at Rossall School in Lancashire, England.
Roberts made his debut in county cricket for Oxfordshire in the 1896 Minor Counties Championship.
He played a further match for Oxfordshire in the following season.
He later appeared in 2 Minor Counties Championship matches for Buckinghamshire in 1902.
Roberts made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Hampshire in 1908 County Championship.
He played 28 first-class matches for Gloucestershire, the last coming against Somerset in the 1913 County Championship.
In those 28 first-class matches, he scored 727 runs at a batting average of 17.73, with a 3 half centuries and a high score of 90.
His highest score came against Somerset in 1911.
He also played a single first-class match for an England XI against Hambledon in a commemorative match at the Broadhalfpenny Down ground, home to the original Hambledon Club.
In this match he was dismissed for 11 in the England XI's first-innings by Jack Newman, while in their second-innings he scored 69 runs before being dismissed by the same bowler.
With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Guy Bignell.
He died in Hastings, Sussex on 27 June 1961.
She was the John C. Hower Professor of Business and Public Policy, at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Bailey studied deregulation, market competition and regulatory capture through her career and contributed to the deregulation of the airline industry in the United States in the late 1970s.
Bailey was the first woman to graduate with a PhD in economics from Princeton University and was considered a "pathbreaker for women in economics".
Early life.
Bailey was born on November 26, 1938, in New York City to Henrietta Dana Raymond and Irving W. Raymond, both of whom were history professors.
She was the second of five daughters in the family.
She grew up in New York City, where she graduated from the Chapin School in 1956.
She received her bachelor's degree from Radcliffe College, a master's degree from Stevens Institute of Technology and her Ph.D. from Princeton University, where she was the first woman to receive a doctoral degree in economics.
Career.
Bailey started her career working as a computer programmer at Bell Laboratories.
Bailey worked in technical programming at Bell Laboratories from 1960 to 1972, before transferring to the economic research section from 1972 to 1977.
She was the first woman appointed a department head (the economic research section) at Bell Laboratories.
In 1977, President Jimmy Carter named Bailey the first woman Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) commissioner.
In 1981, she was named the first woman vice chairman of the agency by President Ronald Reagan.
Between 1977 and 1983 she served on the Civil Aeronautics Board, where she oversaw the deregulation of the airline industry in the United States.
Bailey studied deregulation and regulatory capture through her career and contributed to the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act, a 1978 United States federal regulation that freed airlines from government control in pricing, route planning, competition and market composition.
Colleagues of the time including economist Kahn, noted her to have been the fiercest proponent of deregulation in the committee.
Outside of the field of deregulations, during her time at the CAB, she also pushed for the rights of non-smokers to be guaranteed a smoke-free seat in airlines, not liking cigarette smoke herself.
From 1983 to 1990, Bailey was Dean of the Graduate School of Industrial Administration of Carnegie Mellon University.
Bailey became the first woman dean to head a Top 10 graduate school with this appointment.
Bailey joined The Wharton School in July 1991, having served from July 1990 to June 1991 as a professor of industrial administration at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), and as a visiting scholar at the Yale School of Organization and Management.
She had served as dean at CMU between 1983 and 1990.
She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1997.
She served on the Board of Directors of TIAA-CREF, Altria, and CSX Corporation, and was a trustee of The Brookings Institution and a member of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Bailey also served as the Vice Chairman of Bancroft NeuroHealth.
Bailey was noted to have opened opportunities for women in economics.
An obituary in "The Washington Post" called Bailey a "pathbreaker for women in economics".
She was the first woman to graduate with a doctorate in economics from Princeton University and was often among the lone women in various corporate boards.
During her confirmation hearing in the late 1970s to become the Civil Aeronautics Board commissioner, she was asked by Ted Stevens, a senator from Alaska, about her "steel" to which she is noted to have remarked that she was "tougher" than she looked.
Bailey received the Carolyn Shaw Bell award from the American Economic Association in 2009.
She was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977 and held a chair at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Personal life.
Bailey was married to James Lawrence Bailey in a marriage that ended in a divorce.
She had two sons, with one of them predeceasing her in 2018.
USS "William Bacon" was a schooner acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.
She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.
Service history.
Assigned to the mortar flotilla attached to Flag Officer David Glasgow Farragut's West Gulf Blockading Squadron, "William Bacon" departed New York City under tow on 6 February and arrived at Key West, Florida, on 18 February.
The next day, she shifted to Pilot Town.
Flag Officer Farragut gathered his forces at the mouth of the Mississippi River to commence one phase of the move designed to split the Confederacy asunder along that major waterway.
Defending the mouth of that key artery were Forts Jackson and St. Philip, mounting between them 115 guns, in addition to a heavy barrier of chained hulks and logs that lay in the river below the forts to obstruct the passage.
"William Bacon" and the other ships of the mortar flotilla kept up a steady, heavy fire on the two Confederate forts over the next week.
Farragut's squadron, meanwhile, battered their way through the barrier and successfully made passage.
"William Bacon", her task in the reduction of the forts completed, dropped down the river to Southwest Pass, where she awaited further orders.
Because of the enervating climate, however, "William Bacon" did not tarry long at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
She sailed for Hampton Roads, Virginia, soon thereafter and refitted there into the summer.
Briefly assigned to the Potomac Flotilla, "William Bacon" subsequently received orders on 11 December 1862 to report for duty with the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron off Wilmington, North Carolina.
Three days later, she began taking on stores at Hampton Roads for delivery to the ships already off Wilmington and apparently arrived later in the month to take up her duties.
Extant records indicate that the blockade had been strengthened with additional ships by 29 December -- "William Bacon" included.
"William Bacon" operated primarily off Wilmington and the sounds of North Carolina into 1863.
Relieving at Little River Inlet on 13 March 1863, she was receiving fresh water from the steamer on 21 March, off the mouth of the Little River, when lookouts sighted a sail to the westward at about 0900.
"Victoria", Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Edward Hooker commanding, immediately got up steam and gave chase.
In accordance with orders from Hooker, "William Bacon" slipped her anchor chain and made sail.
"Victoria", the faster of the two Union vessels, managed to close the range in the fog and mist prevailing offshore that morning and lobbed a few shots at the stranger, all of which fell close aboard.
While "William Bacon" thus stood by in a posture of readiness, "Victoria" lowered a boat.
"Victoria" consequently took her prize into custody and took her up to the main body of the fleet.
"William Bacon" soon returned to the drudgery of coastal patrols.
Records are not clear as to what the ship did next, but it may be presumed that she served in a support capacity for the duration of the Civil War.
on CBS.
Carleton Goolsby Scott (born October 9, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for Pallacanestro Trapani of the Italian League.
He played college basketball for University of Notre Dame.
Professional career.
Scott went undrafted in the 2011 NBA draft.
In July 2012, Scott joined the Brooklyn Nets for the 2012 NBA Summer League.
On September 17, 2012, he signed with the Nets.
However, he was later waived by the Nets on October 27, 2012.
Five days later, he was acquired by the Springfield Armor as an affiliate player.
In July 2013, Scott re-joined the Brooklyn Nets for the 2013 NBA Summer League.
On August 31, 2013, he signed with Juvecaserta Basket of the Lega Basket Serie A.
On June 10, 2015, he signed with Antwerp Giants of Belgium.
Idiocerus is a large genus of homopteran bugs belonging to the family Cicadellidae (the leafhoppers).
Most are found on specific host plants, particularly poplars and willows.
For instance the common European species "I. vitreus" is found exclusively on certain poplars.
Scholarly communication of the Netherlands published in open access form can be found by searching the National Academic Research and Collaborations Information System (NARCIS).
The web portal was developed in 2004 by the of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Brill Publishers, National Library of the Netherlands, OAPEN Foundation, Stichting Fair Open Access Alliance, Utrecht University Library, and VU University Amsterdam Library belong to the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.
Policy.
The is negotiating big deals with publishers, where open access publication for Dutch corresponding authors is free of additional charge.
In 2020, the Dutch research organised signed a four year transformative agreement with publishers Elsevier.
Repositories.
Anthony Skeffington (died after 1535) was an English-born cleric and judge in Ireland.
He was born in Skeffington, Leicestershire.
He was appointed Master of the Rolls in Ireland in 1530 and held that office (which at that time was mainly administrative rather than judicial in nature) until 1533, when he was replaced by John Alan, when the Earl of Kildare's faction briefly returned to power, displacing William Skeffington.
In 1535 he was appointed prebendary of Swords in St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
His clerical office was suppressed soon afterwards during the general abolition of Roman Catholic benefices at the Reformation.
Developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, using as a vector the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1.
The vaccine is given by intramuscular injection.
The vaccine is stable at refrigerator temperatures and has a good safety profile, with side effects including injection-site pain, headache, and nausea, all generally resolving within a few days.
In very rare cases (around 1 in 100,000 people) the vaccine has been associated with an increased risk of blood clots when in combination with low levels of blood platelets (Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination).
On 30 December 2020, the vaccine was first approved for use in the UK vaccination programme, and the first vaccination outside of a trial was administered on 4 January 2021.
The vaccine has since been approved by several medicine agencies worldwide, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (provisional approval in February 2021), and was approved for an Emergency Use Listing by the World Health Organization (WHO). , more than 2.5billion doses of the vaccine have been released to more than 170 countries worldwide.
Some countries have limited its use to elderly people at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness due to concerns over the very rare side effects of the vaccine in younger individuals.
Medical uses.
The medicine is administered by two doses given by intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle (upper arm).
The initial course consists of two doses with an interval of 4 to 12 weeks between doses.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an interval of 8 to 12 weeks between doses for optimal efficacy. , there is no evidence that a third booster dose is needed to prevent severe disease in healthy adults.
Effectiveness.
Preliminary data from a study in Brazil with 61 million individuals from 18 January to 30 June 2021 indicate that the effectiveness against infection, hospitalization and death is similar between most age groups, but protection against all these outcomes is significantly reduced in those aged 90 or older, attributable to immunosenescence.
Effectiveness is generally expected to slowly decrease over time.
Preliminary data suggest that the initial two-dose regimen is not effective against symptomatic disease caused by the Omicron variant from the 15th week onwards.
The vaccine remains effective against severe disease, hospitalization and death.
Contraindications.
Adverse effects.
The most common side effects in the clinical trials were usually mild or moderate and got better within a few days after vaccination.
Vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, swelling, redness at the injection site and low levels of blood platelets occurred in less than 1 in 10 people.
Enlarged lymph nodes, decreased appetite, dizziness, sleepiness, sweating, abdominal pain, itching and rash occurred in less than 1 in 100 people.
An increased risk of the rare and potentially fatal thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) has been associated with mainly younger female recipients of the vaccine.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has assessed 41 cases of anaphylaxis from around 5million vaccinations in the United Kingdom.
Capillary leak syndrome is a possible side effect of the vaccine.
Additional side effects include tinnitus (persistent ringing in the ears), paraesthesia (unusual feeling in the skin, such as tingling or a crawling sensation), and hypoaesthesia (decreased feeling or sensitivity, especially in the skin).
Pharmacology.
The adenovirus is called replication-deficient because some of its essential genes required for replication were deleted and replaced by a gene coding for the spike protein.
However, the HEK 293 cells used for vaccine manufacturing, express several adenoviral genes, including the ones required for the vector to replicate.
The protein of interest is the spike protein, a protein on the exterior of the virus that enables SARS-type coronaviruses to enter cells through the ACE2 receptor.
Following vaccination, the production of coronavirus spike protein within the body will cause the immune system to attack the spike protein with antibodies and T-cells if the virus later enters the body.
Manufacturing.
To manufacture the vaccine the virus is propagated on HEK 293 cell lines and then purified multiple times to completely remove the cell culture.
The vaccine costs around to per dose to manufacture.
On 17 December 2020, a tweet by the Belgian Budget State Secretary revealed that the European Union (EU) would pay () per dose, "The New York Times" suggesting the lower price might relate to factors including investment in vaccine production infrastructure by the EU. the vaccine active substance (ChAdOx1-SARS-COV-2) is being produced at several sites worldwide, with AstraZeneca claiming to have established 25 sites in 15 countries.
The UK sites are Oxford and Keele with bottling and finishing in Wrexham.
Other sites include the Serum Institute of India at Pune.
The Halix site at Leiden was approved by the EMA on 26 March 2021, joining three other sites approved by the EU.
History.
The vaccine arose from a collaboration between Oxford University's Jenner Institute and Vaccitech, a private company spun off from the university, with financing from Oxford Sciences Innovation, Google Ventures, and Sequoia Capital, among others.
The first batch of the COVID-19 vaccine produced for clinical testing was developed by Oxford University's Jenner Institute and the Oxford Vaccine Group in collaboration with Italian manufacturer Advent Srl located in Pomezia.
The team is led by Sarah Gilbert, Adrian Hill, Andrew Pollard, Teresa Lambe, Sandy Douglas and Catherine Green.
Early development.
In February 2020, the Jenner Institute agreed a collaboration with the Italian company Advent Srl for the production of a batch of 1,000 doses of a vaccine candidate for clinical trials.
Originally, Oxford intended to donate the rights to manufacture and market the vaccine to any drugmaker who wanted to do so, but after the Gates Foundation urged Oxford to find a large company partner to get its COVID-19 vaccine to market, the university backed off of this offer in May 2020.
Government ministers also had concerns that a vaccine manufactured in the US would not be available in the UK, according to anonymous sources in "The Wall Street Journal".
Financial considerations at Oxford and spin-out companies may have also played a part in the decision to partner with AstraZeneca.
An initially not-for-profit licensing agreement was signed between the university and AstraZeneca PLC, in May 2020, with 1billion doses of potential supply secured, with the UK reserving access to the initial 100million doses.
Furthermore, the US reserved 300million doses, as well as the authority to perform Phase III trials in the US.
The collaboration was also granted of UK government funding, and of US government funding, to support the development of the vaccine.
In June 2020, the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) confirmed that the third phase of trials for the vaccine would begin in July 2020.
Clinical trials.
In July 2020, AstraZeneca partnered with IQVIA to accelerate the timeframe for clinical trials being planned or conducted in the US.
On 31 August, AstraZeneca announced that it had begun enrolment of adults for a US-funded, 30,000-subject late-stage study.
Clinical trials for the vaccine candidate were halted worldwide on 8 September, as AstraZeneca investigated a possible adverse reaction which occurred in a trial participant in the UK.
Trials were resumed on 13 September after AstraZeneca and Oxford, along with UK regulators, concluded it was safe to do so.
AstraZeneca was later criticised for refusing to provide details about potentially serious neurological side effects in two trial participants who had received the experimental vaccine in the UK.
While the trials resumed in the UK, Brazil, South Africa, Japan and India, the US did not resume clinical trials of the vaccine until 23 October.
This was due to a separate investigation by the Food and Drug Administration surrounding a patient illness that triggered a clinical hold, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar.
Results of Phase III trial.
On 23 November 2020, the first interim data was released by Oxford University and AstraZeneca from the vaccine's ongoing Phase III trials.
The decision to combine results from two different dosages was met with criticism from some who questioned why the results were being combined.
The full publication of the interim results from four ongoing Phase III trials on 8 December allowed regulators and scientists to begin evaluating the vaccine's efficacy.
The December report showed that at 21 days after the second dose and beyond, there were no hospitalisations or severe disease in those who received the vaccine, compared to 10 cases in the control groups.
The rate of serious adverse events was balanced between the active and control groups, which suggested that the active vaccine did not pose safety concerns beyond a rate experienced in the general population.
One case of transverse myelitis was reported 14 days after the second-dose was administered as being possibly related to vaccination, with an independent neurological committee considering the most likely diagnosis to be of an idiopathic, short-segment, spinal cord demyelination.
The other two cases of transverse myelitis, one in the vaccine group and the other in the control group, were considered to be unrelated to vaccination.
However, the results did not show any protection against asymptomatic COVID-19 following only one dose.
Preliminary results from another study with 120 participants under 55 years of age showed that delaying the second dose by up to 45 weeks increases the resulting immune response and that a booster (third) dose given at least six months later produces a strong immune response.
A booster dose may not be necessary, but it alleviates concerns that the body would develop immunity to the vaccine's viral vector, which would reduce the potency of annual inoculations.
The next day, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) published a statement countering that those results may have relied on "outdated information" that may have provided an incomplete view of the efficacy data.
Single dose effectiveness.
Nasal spray.
On 25 March 2021, the University of Oxford announced the start of a phase I clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of an intranasal spray method.
Approvals.
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) began a review of efficacy and safety data on 27 November 2020, followed by approval for use on 30 December 2020, becoming the second vaccine approved for use in the national vaccination programme.
The BBC reported that the first person to receive the vaccine outside of clinical trials was vaccinated on 4 January 2021.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) began review of the vaccine on 12 January 2021, and stated in a press release that a recommendation could be issued by the agency by 29 January, followed by the European Commission deciding on a conditional marketing authorisation within days.
On 29 January 2021, the EMA recommended granting a conditional marketing authorisation for AZD1222 for people 18 years of age and older, and the recommendation was accepted by the European Commission the same day.
Prior to approval across the EU, the Hungarian regulator unilaterally approved the vaccine instead of waiting for EMA approval.
In October 2022, the conditional marketing authorisation was converted to a standard one.
On 30 January 2021, the Vietnamese Ministry of Health approved the AstraZeneca vaccine for use, becoming the first vaccine to be approved in Vietnam.
The vaccine has since been approved by a number of non-EU countries, including Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan regulatory authorities for emergency usage in their respective countries.
South Korea granted approval of the AstraZeneca vaccine on 10 February 2021, thus becoming the first vaccine to be approved for use in that country.
The regulator recommended the two-shot regimen be used in all adults, including the elderly, noting that consideration is needed when administering the vaccine to individuals over 65 years of age due to limited data from that demographic in clinical trials.
On the same day, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued interim guidance and recommended the AstraZeneca vaccine for all adults, its Strategic Advisory Group of Experts also having considered use where variants were present and concluded there was no need not to recommend it.
In February 2021, the government and regulatory authorities in Australia (16 February 2021) and Canada (26 February 2021) granted approval for temporary use of the vaccine.
On 19 November 2021, the vaccine was approved for use in Canada.
Suspensions.
South Africa.
On 7 February 2021, the vaccine rollout in South Africa was suspended.
Researchers from the University of the Witwatersrand released interim, non-peer-reviewed data that suggested the AstraZeneca vaccine provided minimal protection against mild or moderate disease infection among young people.
The BBC reported on 8 February 2021 that Katherine O'Brien, director of immunisation at the WHO, felt it was "really plausible" the AstraZeneca vaccine could have a "meaningful impact" on the Beta variant (lineage B.1.351), particularly in preventing serious illness and death.
The same report also indicated the Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England Jonathan Van-Tam said the Witwatersrand study did not change his opinion that the AstraZeneca vaccine was "rather likely" to have an effect on severe disease from the Beta variant.
The South African government subsequently cancelled the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
European Union.
On 3 March 2021, Austria suspended the use of one batch of vaccine after two people had blood clots after vaccination, one of whom died.
In total, four cases of blood clots have been identified in the same batch of 1million doses.
Although no causal link with vaccination has been shown, several other countries, including Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Bulgaria, Ireland, Italy, Spain, Germany, France, the Netherlands and Slovenia also halted the vaccine rollout over the following days while waiting for the EMA to finish a safety review triggered by the cases.
In April 2021, the EMA concluded its safety review and concluded that unusual blood clots with low blood platelets should be listed as very rare side effects while reaffirming the overall benefits of the vaccine.
Following this announcement EU countries have resumed use of the vaccine with some limiting its use to elderly people at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness.
On 11 March 2021, the Norwegian government temporarily suspended the vaccine's use, awaiting more information regarding potential adverse effects.
Then, on 15 April, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health recommended to the government to permanently suspended vaccination with AstraZeneca due to the "rare but severe incidents with low platelet counts, blood clots, and haemorrhages," since in the case of Norway, "the risk of dying after vaccination with the AstraZeneca vaccine would be higher than the risk of dying from the disease, particularly for younger people."
At the same time, the Norwegian government announced their decision to wait for a final decision and to establish an expert group to provide a broader assessment on the safety of the AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines.
On 10 May, the expert committee also recommended suspending the use of both vaccines.
On 30 March 2021, the German Ministry of Health announced that the use of the vaccine in people aged 60 and below should be the result of a recipient-specific discussion, and that younger patients could still be given the AstraZeneca vaccine, but only "at the discretion of doctors, and after individual risk analysis and thorough explanation".
On 14 April, the Danish Health Authority suspended use of the vaccine.
A 2021 study found that the decisions to suspend the vaccine led to increased vaccine hesitancy across the West, even in countries that did not suspend the vaccine.
In October 2022, the conditional marketing authorisation was converted to a standard one.
Despite the continued authorsation, most EU countries stopped the administration of the vaccine by end of 2021.
After an initial quick uptake, the number of doses administered remained at 67 Million since October 2021.
Canada.
Most Canadian provinces subsequently announced that they would follow this guidance. there had been three confirmed cases of blood clotting tied to the vaccine in Canada, out of over 700,000 doses administered in the country.
Beginning 18 April, amid a major third wave of the virus, several Canadian provinces announced that they would backtrack on the NACI recommendation and extend eligibility for the AstraZeneca vaccine to residents as young as 40 years old, including Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Saskatchewan.
Quebec also extended eligibility to residents 45 and older.
On 23 April, citing the current state of supplies for mRNA-based vaccines and new data, NACI issued a recommendation that the vaccine can be offered to patients as young as 30 years old if benefits outweigh the risks, and the patient "does not wish to wait for an mRNA vaccine".
Beginning 11 May, multiple provinces announced that they would suspend use of the AstraZeneca vaccine once again, citing either supply issues or the blood clotting risk.
Some provinces stated that they planned to only use the AstraZeneca vaccine for outstanding second doses.
On 1 June, NACI issued guidance, citing the safety concerns as well as European studies showing an improved antibody response, recommending that an mRNA vaccine be administered as a second dose to patients that had received the AstraZeneca vaccine as their first dose.
Indonesia.
Australia.
In June 2021, Australia revised its recommendations for the rollout of the vaccine, recommending that the Pfizer Comirnaty vaccine be used for people aged under 60 years if the person has not already received a first dose of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.
The AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine can still be used in people aged under 60 years where the benefits are likely to outweigh the risks for that person, and the person has made an informed decision based on an understanding of the risks and benefits in consultation with a medical professional.
Malaysia.
After initially approving the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine, Malaysian health authorities removed the vaccine from the country's mainstream vaccination programme due to public concerns about its safety.
The AstraZeneca vaccines will be distributed in designated vaccination centres, and the public can register for the vaccine on a voluntary basis.
All 268,800 doses of the initial batch of the vaccine were fully booked in three and a half hours after the registration opened for residents of the state of Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur.
A second batch of 1,261,000 doses was offered to residents of the states of Selangor, Penang, Johore, Sarawak, and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur.
A total of 29,183 doses were reserved for previously waitlisted registrants, and 275,208 doses were taken up by senior citizens during a grace 3-day period.
The remaining 956,609 doses were then offered to those aged 18 and above, and was completely booked within an hour.
Safety review.
In March 2021, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) stated that there is no indication that vaccination has been the cause of the observed clotting issues, which were not listed as side effects of the vaccine.
At the time, according to the EMA, the number of thromboembolic events in vaccinated people was no higher than that seen in the general population. , 30 cases of thromboembolic events had been reported among the almost 5million people vaccinated in the European Economic Area.
The UK's MHRA also stated that after more than 11million doses administered, it had not been confirmed that the reported blood clots were caused by the vaccine and that vaccinations would not be stopped.
On 12 March 2021 the WHO stated that a causal relationship had not been shown and that vaccinations should continue.
AstraZeneca confirmed on 14 March 2021 that after examining over 17million people who have been vaccinated with the vaccine, no evidence of an increased risk of blood clots in any particular country was found.
The company reported that , across the EU and UK, there had been 15 events of deep vein thrombosis and 22 events of pulmonary embolism reported among those given the vaccine, which is much lower than would be expected to occur naturally in a general population of that size.
In March 2021, the German Paul-Ehrlich Institute (PEI) reported that out of 1.6million vaccinations, seven cases of cerebral vein thrombosis in conjunction with a deficiency of blood platelets had occurred.
According to the PEI, the number of cases of cerebral vein thrombosis after vaccination was statistically significantly higher than the number that would occur in the general population during a similar time period.
These reports prompted the PEI to recommend a temporary suspension of vaccinations until the EMA had completed their review of the cases.
The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a statement on 17 March, regarding the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine safety signals, and still considers the benefits of the vaccine to outweigh its potential risks, further recommending that vaccinations continue.
On 18 March, the EMA announced that out of the around 20million people who had received the vaccine, general blood clotting rates were normal, but that it had identified seven cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and eighteen cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
A causal link with the vaccine was not proven, but the EMA said it would conduct further analysis and recommended informing people eligible for the vaccine of the fact that the possibility it may cause rare clotting problems had not been disproven.
The EMA confirmed that the vaccine's benefits outweighed the risks.
On 25 March, the EMA released updated product information.
According to the EMA, 100,000 cases of blood clots occur naturally each month in the EU, and the risk of blood clots was not statistically higher in the vaccinated population.
The EMA noted that COVID-19 itself causes an increased risk of the development of blood clots, and as such the vaccine would lower the risk of the formation of blood clots even if the 15 cases' causal link were to be confirmed.
Italy resumed vaccinations after the EMA's statement, with most of the remaining European countries following suit and resuming their AstraZeneca inoculations shortly thereafter.
To reassure the public of the vaccine's safety, the British and French Prime Ministers, Boris Johnson and Jean Castex, had themselves vaccinated with it in front of the media shortly after the restart of the AstraZeneca vaccination campaigns in the EU.
In April 2021, the EMA issued its direct healthcare professional communication (DHPC) about the vaccine.
The DHPC indicated that a causal relationship between the vaccine and blood clots (thrombosis) in combination with low blood platelets (thrombocytopenia) was plausible and identified it as a very rare side effect of the vaccine.
According to the EMA these very rare adverse events occur in around 1 out of 100,000 vaccinated people.
Further development.
Efficacy against variants.
Despite this, the researchers concluded that the vaccine remained effective at preventing symptomatic infection from this variant and that vaccinated individuals infected symptomatically typically had shorter duration of symptoms and less viral load, thereby reducing the risk of transmission.
Following the identification of notable variants of concern, concern arose that the E484K mutation, present in the Beta and Gamma variants (lineages B.1.351 and P.1), could evade the protection given by the vaccine.
In February 2021, the collaboration was working to adapt the vaccine to target these variants, with the expectation that a modified vaccine would be available "in a few months" as a "booster" given to people who had already completed the two-dose series of the original vaccine.
The new vaccine would be based on the current "Vaxzevria" adenoviral vector platform but modified with spike proteins based on the Beta (B.1.351 lineage) variant.
Particularly the government of Thailand, with delivery of additional 60 million doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine agreed for 2022.
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination.
After suspensions due to rare cases of blood clots in March 2021, Canada and several European countries recommended receiving a different vaccine for the second dose.
Despite the lack of clinical data on the efficacy and safety of such heterologous combinations, some experts believe that doing so may boost immunity, and several studies have begun to examine this effect.
The lowest T cell activity was observed in homologous courses, when both doses were of the same vaccine.
Society and culture.
The Oxford University and AstraZeneca collaboration was seen as having the potential as being a low-cost vaccine with no onerous storage requirements.
The vaccine is a key component of the WHO backed COVAX (COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access) program, with the WHO, the EMA, and the MHRA continuing to state that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh any possible side effects.
Economics.
Agreements for access to vaccines began being signed in May 2020, with the UK having priority for the first 100million doses if trials proved successful, with the final agreement being signed at the end of August.
On 21 May 2020, AstraZeneca agreed to provide 300million doses to the US for , implying a cost of per dose.
An AstraZeneca spokesman said the funding also covers development and clinical testing.
It also reached a technology transfer agreement with the Mexican and Argentinean governments and agreed to produce at least 400million doses to be distributed throughout Latin America.
The active ingredients would be produced in Argentina and sent to Mexico to be completed for distribution.
In June 2020, Emergent BioSolutions signed a deal to manufacture doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine specifically for the US market.
The deal was part of the Trump administration's Operation Warp Speed initiative to develop and rapidly scale production of targeted vaccines before the end of 2020.
Catalent would be responsible for the finishing and packaging process.
On 4 June 2020, the WHO's COVAX (COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access) facility made initial purchases of 300million doses from the company for low- to middle-income countries.
Also, AstraZeneca and Serum Institute of India reached a licensing agreement to independently supply 1billion doses of the Oxford University vaccine to middle- and low-income countries, including India.
On 27 August 2020, AstraZeneca concluded an agreement with the EU, to supply up to 400million doses to all EU and select European Economic Area (EEA) member states.
The European Commission took over negotiations started by the Inclusive Vaccines Alliance, a group made up of France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, in June 2020.
On 5 November 2020, a tripartite agreement was signed between the government of Bangladesh, the Serum Institute of India, and Beximco Pharma of Bangladesh.
On the other hand, Indian government has given 3.2 million doses to Bangladesh as a gift which were also produced by Serum.
But Serum supplied only 7 million doses from the tripartite agreement in the first two months of the year.
Bangladesh was supposed to receive 5 million doses per month but not received shipments in March and April.
As a result, rollout of vaccine has been disrupted by supply shortfalls.
The situation became complicated when the second dose of 1.3 million citizens is uncertain as India halts exports.
Not getting the second dose at the right time is likely to reduce the effectiveness of the vaccination program.
In addition, several citizens of Bangladesh have expressed doubts about its effectiveness and safety.
Bangladesh is looking for alternative vaccine sources because India isn't supplying the vaccine according to the timeline of the deal.
In January 2021, the Thai cabinet approved further talks on ordering another 35million doses, and the Thai FDA approved the vaccine for emergency use for 1year.
Siam Bioscience, a company owned by Vajiralongkorn, will receive technological transfer and has the capacity to manufacture up to 200million doses a year for export to ASEAN.
Also in November, the Philippines agreed to buy 2.6million doses, reportedly worth around million (approximately per dose).
In December 2020, South Korea signed a contract with AstraZeneca to secure 20million doses of its vaccine, reportedly equivalent in worth to those signed by Thailand and the Philippines, with the first shipment expected as early as January 2021. , the vaccine remains under review by the South Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
AstraZeneca signed a deal with South Korea's SK Bioscience to manufacture its vaccine products.
The collaboration calls for the SK affiliate to manufacture AZD1222 for local and global markets.
On 7 January 2021, the South African government announced that they had secured an initial 1million doses from the Serum Institute of India, to be followed by another 500,000 doses in February, however the South African government subsequently cancelled the use of the vaccine, selling its supply to other African countries, and switched its vaccination program to use the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.
On 22 January 2021, AstraZeneca announced that in the event the European Union approved the COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca, initial supplies would be lower than expected due to production issues at Novasep in Belgium.
Only 31million of the previously predicted 80million doses would be delivered to the EU by March 2021.
In an interview with Italian newspaper "La Repubblica", AstraZeneca's CEO Pascal Soriot said the delivery schedule for the doses in the EU was two months behind schedule.
He mentioned low yield from cell cultures at one large-scale European site.
Analysis published in "The Guardian" also identified an apparently low yield from bioreactors in the Belgium plant and noted the difficulties in setting up this form of process, with variable yields often occurring.
On 24 February 2021, a shipment of the vaccine to Accra, Ghana, via COVAX made it the first country in Africa to receive vaccines via the initiative.
In early 2021, the Bureau for Investigative Journalism found that South Africa had paid double the rate for the European Commission, while Uganda paid triple.
Brand names.
The vaccine is marketed under the brand name Covishield by the Serum Institute of India.
The name of the vaccine was changed to Vaxzevria in the European Union on 25 March 2021.
Research.
Opisthorchis is a genus of flukes in the family Opisthorchiidae.
Species.
Etymology.
From the Greek opisthen (behind) and orchis (testicle), Opisthorchis is a genus of trematode flatworms whose testes are located in the posterior end of the body.
Sebastiano Rivolta is generally credited with discovering the first opisthorchid, which he named Distoma felineus, in a cat in Italy in 1884.
However, the fluke may have been mentioned by Karl Rudolphi in 1819, and in 1831, Gurlt published a textbook that included a drawing of a fluke that was almost certainly Opisthorchis.
He chose Rivolta's Opisthorchis felineus as the type species.
References.
Volodymyr Petrovych Runchak () is a Ukrainian accordionist, conductor and composer who was born on June 12, 1960, in Lutsk where in 1979 he attended its music college.
In 1984 he was a winner of the Republican Accordion Competition and the same year began studying conducting at the Kiev Conservatory where he also studied composing two years later.
In 1988 he joined National Union of Composers of Ukraine and remained there till this day.
He has conducted over 100 works which he performed in his native Ukraine, and then went to Kazakhstan and France.
Currently he serves as a member of the New Music Association and is a founder of New Music Concert Series.
Legacy.
Runchak wrote a numerous works for instruments and vocal.
Often, the avant-garde means are the only means for him.
"Mustangs FC" is an Australian comedy drama TV series aimed at young teenagers and starring Emmanuelle Mattana as the lead character.
The show is set in suburban Australia, and focuses on Mustangs FC, an all-girls soccer team, and focuses on Mattana's character, Marnie, who lives with her mother, Jen (played by Pia Miranda), her mother's boyfriend, Kev, and Kev's daughter, Lara, as well as Marnie's friends and teammates.
Launched on International Day of the Girl in 2017, the show explores the relationship between team members, and the struggle to be taken seriously as an all-girls team.
The show is airing in the US on Universal Kids and in the UK on CBBC.
In the years 1975-1998 town administratively belonged to the administrative region piotrkowskiego.
The village has an approximate population of 300.
History.
In 1228, in time of war Henri I of Father Konrad.
Despite the seizure by the prince Masovian dogodniejszych position to fight, he has been the third time with troops Henri Brodatego and was thus forced him to quickly withdraw from Malopolska and return to North America.
The first written about this village come from the sixteenth century.
Other.
The single was released in advance of a fourth album (to be called "Mon Amour") just before Valentine's Day 1983.
"Mon Amour" was shelved soon after the single's release, although much of its material was worked into Klaus Dinger's debut solo album Neondian, including a remixed version of "Ich Liebe Dich".
Meanwhile, Klaus Dinger used Teldec's sizable advance to build a studio near Kamperland in The Netherlands.
Thomas and Klaus worked together for a number of months on the new album, using drum machines more prominently due to their lack of a drummer.
The 12" version of the single was released on white vinyl.
Shortly after the single's release, Thomas joined Hans in demanding the return of his portion of the band's advance by Klaus, and the band split up.
Track listings.
Greek-American cuisine is the cuisine of Greek Americans and their descendants, who have modified Greek cuisine under the influence of American culture and immigration patterns of Greeks to the United States.
As immigrants from various Greek areas settled in different regions of the United States and became "Greek Americans," they carried with them different traditions of foods and recipes that were particularly identified with their regional origins in Greece and yet infused with the characteristics of their new home locale in America.
Many of these foods and recipes developed into new favorites for town peoples and then later for Americans nationwide.
Greek-American cuisine is especially prominent in areas of concentrated Greek communities, such as Astoria, Queens and Tarpon Springs, Florida.
Greek-American taverna.
The "taverna" and "estiatorio" are widespread in the major US cities, serving Greek-American cooking.
Various areas of the United States have hosted Greek-American cuisine with the most prominent examples being Astoria, Queens, in New York City, Greektown, Chicago, Greektown Historic District in Detroit, Tarpon Springs, Florida and Greektown, Baltimore.
Greek-American cuisine spread to the western US with immigrants who tended to work mining, smelting, and railroading towns in the region.
In Salt Lake City Greek-American cuisine is a common part of the menu at fast-food restaurants such as Crown Burgers.
Contributions.
Greek Americans have contributed a lot to American cuisine and many of its recipes.
For example, Greek immigrants invented the Coney Island Hot Dog.
The first and most notable Coney Island Hot Dog restaurant, the American Coney Island, was founded in 1917 by Greek immigrant Constantine "Gust" Keros.
Gust brought his brother over from Greece and helped him open the Lafayette Coney Island restaurant next door.
The Kodak Easyshare Z612 ZOOM is a consumer digital camera.
It features a Schneider-Kreuznach VARIOGON 35mm-420mm (35mm Equivalent) AF 12x Optical Zoom lens.
One unique feature is its optical image stabilization.
It also has an electric viewfinder and a 2.5" LCD screen.
This camera features manual control over the aperture and shutter speed.
Premsla was the author of a commentary on Moses Kimhi's grammatical work, "Sefer Mahalak", in which he defends the author against the criticism of Elijah Levita, a commentator on the same work.
His annotations to the prayers, which were published in Dyhernfurth, Poland, were reprinted many times.
He was a Talmudic scholar, and one of his responsa, on the writing of the Tetragrammaton, is found in the "Teshubot ha-Geonim", published in Amsterdam in 1707.
Four of his works, which were left in manuscript, are known, including one on the necessity of grammatical studies.
Life.
Robertson graduated at Edinburgh University in 1873 and then moved to London where he became a journalist.
Between 1880 and 1881 Robertson edited the "Magazine of Art".
In 1882 he shared rooms at 18 Clement's Inn with his journalist friend Hall Caine, where they often hosted intellectual gatherings.
They frequently had their evening meals delivered from nearby Clare Market, which were brought by two young women.
According to Caine's biographer, nothing more than 'a bit of flirting' had taken place.
Robertson moved to Redhill, Chislehurst and wrote "English Poetesses", published by Cassell in September 1883.
In 1884 Robertson acted as best man for his friend William Sharp.
He set up the "Great Writers series", published from 1887.
At the same period he was appointed to Lahore Government College of the University of the Punjab, where he was Professor of English Literature and Philosophy.
Rag Doll, released in the USA as Young, Willing and Eager, is a 1961 British B-movie crime film, directed by Lance Comfort and starring actor and singer Jess Conrad.
The film gained a new audience in the 2000s in response to Conrad's elevation to cult status as a purveyor of late-1950s and early-1960s pre-Beatles British kitsch, and received a Region 2 DVD release in 2009 in a double bill with Comfort's 1962 film "The Painted Smile".
Plot.
Seventeen-year-old Carol (Christina Gregg) flees her small-town home to escape from her alcoholic stepfather, and heads off to London.
Once in London she is drawn to the sleazy excitement of Soho and finds work in a coffee bar.
She falls in love with handsome young nightclub singer Joe Shane (Conrad) and soon they are a couple.
She then discovers that Joe is a small-time crook on the side, with a gang background and a line in burglary.
At work, Carol finds herself on the receiving end of advances from all manner of men, including her boss, Mort Wilson (Kenneth Griffith), who, though older, professes to be in love with her.
When Carol becomes pregnant, Joe decides to do "one last job" to make the money to take them to a fresh start in Canada.
He burgles Mort's house but Mort catches him.
After shooting Mort dead, Joe, himself severely wounded, goes on the run with Carol in a stolen car.
However because of his injuries they crash in a country lane and carry on by foot.
He was a member of Constituent Assembly of India representing Bombay State and chief minister of princely Sirohi state for a brief period.
He was born in Hathal (Sirohi).
He along with seven others founded Praja Mandal at Sirohi on 22 January 1939 and was an active independence activist from Sirohi and was detained and put in jail for some time by British.
After independence he opposed the division of Sirohi district and handover of Mount Abu to Gujarat.
As a result of which Mount Abu remained part of Rajasthan, however, some other parts of district were transferred to Gujarat.
In the jail he started satyagraha with other satyagrahis and people like Professor Kedar, Ujjwala Arora, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat and others.
He studied at the Lviv Conservatory from 1898 to 1900, and graduated with a degree in engineering from the Lviv Polytechnic Institute in 1904.
The Christophorus-Kantorei Altensteig is the concert choir of the Christophorus Music Gymnasium Altensteig (Germany).
It is composed of girls and boys between the ages of 15 and 19 years.
Repertoire.
The choir has an extensive repertoire of sacred and secular a cappella music with focus on contemporary works like "Short People" by Randy Newman, but also pieces and oratorios by Bach, Handel, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Gounod and Bruch.
Concerts.
The Christophorus-Kantorei Altensteig gives 30 to 40 concerts a year in Germany and on an annually concert tour that led to New Zealand, Norway, Denmark, Greece, the Czech Republic, Romania, Hungary, the US, Belgium and France in the past few years.
The St. John's Rugby Football Club was a Canadian football team in Winnipeg, Manitoba, formed in October 1887, that played in the Manitoba Rugby Football Union and Western Canada Rugby Football Union between 1892 and 1932.
The team was founded by students of St. John's College, but as information about this team has been mostly lost to history, it seems that the football team was not officially associated with the college (as mention of the team is not found in any of the school's official history).
Additionally, there was also a St. John's Royalists junior football team, but again, no information links it to the MRFU club.
Uesslingen-Buch is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
It was formed in 1995 from the union of the municipalities of Uesslingen and Buch bei Frauenfeld.
Geography.
Uesslingen-Buch has an area, , of .
In 1995 the municipality was created when Buch bei Frauenfeld and Uesslingen merged.
Demographics.
Uesslingen-Buch has a population () of .
In there were 6 live births to Swiss citizens and births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 4 deaths of Swiss citizens.
Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population remained the same.
There were 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 2 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 1 non-Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country.
The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 6 and the non-Swiss population change was a decrease of 1 people. , there were 369 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.8 persons per household. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.9 new units per 1000 residents. there were 403 apartments in the municipality.
The most common apartment size was the 6 room apartment of which there were 125.
There were 9 single room apartments and 125 apartments with six or more rooms. exchange rate from 2000).
The Catholic St Sebastians Chapel is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Economy. , there were 178 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 70 businesses involved in this sector. 60 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 11 businesses in this sector. 105 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 31 businesses in this sector. there were 758 workers who lived in the municipality.
There were a total of 480 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality.
Religion.
Education.
Uesslingen-Buch is home to the Uesslingen primary school district.
There were 26 children in the kindergarten, and the average class size was 26 kindergartners.
The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and last for 6 years.
There were 23 children in who were at the lower primary level and 17 children in the upper primary level.
National-anarchism is a radical right-wing nationalist ideology which advocates racial separatism, racial nationalism, ethnic nationalism, and racial purity.
National-anarchists claim to syncretize neotribal ethnic nationalism with philosophical anarchism, mainly in their support for a stateless society, while rejecting anarchist social philosophy.
The main ideological innovation of national-anarchism is its anti-state palingenetic ultranationalism.
National-anarchists advocate homogeneous communities in place of the nation state.
National-anarchists claim that those of different ethnic or racial groups would be free to develop separately in their own tribal communes while striving to be politically horizontal, economically non-capitalist, ecologically sustainable, and socially and culturally traditional.
Although the term "national-anarchism" dates back as far as the 1920s, the contemporary national-anarchist movement has been put forward since the late 1990s by British neo-Nazi Troy Southgate, who positions it as being "beyond left and right".
Scholars who have studied national-anarchism conclude that it represents a further evolution in the thinking of the radical right rather than an entirely new dimension on the political spectrum.
National-anarchism is considered by anarchists as being a rebranding of fascism and an oxymoron due to the inherent contradiction of anarchist philosophy of anti-fascism and support for universal equality between different nationalities as being incompatible with the idea of a synthesis between anarchism and fascism.
National-anarchism has elicited skepticism and outright hostility from both left-wing and far-right critics.
Critics accuse national-anarchists of being ethnonationalists who promote a communitarian and racialist form of ethnic and racial separatism while "wanting" the militant chic of calling themselves "anarchists" without historical and philosophical baggage that would be said to have to accompany such a claim, including the anti-racist egalitarian anarchist philosophy and the contributions of Jewish anarchists.
Most scholars agree that implementing national-anarchism would not result in an expansion of freedom and describe it as an authoritarian anti-statism that would result in authoritarianism and oppression, only on a smaller scale.
History.
Origins and Troy Southgate.
The term "national-anarchist" dates back as far as the 1920s, when Helmut Franke, a German conservative writer, used it to describe his political stance.
Keith Preston, an influence on the American national-anarchist movement, "blends U.S-based influences" such as "libertarian, Christian rightist, neonazi, and Patriot movements in the United States" with ideas drawn from the European tradition of the New Right, a "right-wing decentralist" offshoot of "classical fascism" and from the German conservative revolutionary movement of the 1920s and 1930s, whose figures "influenced but mostly stood outside of the Nazi movement".
However, Southgate fused his ideology with the radical traditionalist conservatism of Italian esotericist Julius Evola and the ethnopluralism and pan-European nationalism of French Nouvelle Droite philosopher Alain de Benoist to create a newer form of revolutionary nationalism called "national-anarchism".
Southgate claimed that his desire for a "mono-racial England" was not "racist" and that he sought "ethno-pluralism (i.e. racial apartheid) to defend "indigenous" white culture from the 'death' of multiracial society".
In claiming to defend "human diversity", Southgate "advocated 'humane' repatriation and the reordering of the globe according to racially segregated colour blocs" and "a radical policy of economic and political decentralization" in which the regions of the United Kingdom "were to be governed according to the economic principles of Catholic distributism and a wealth redistribution scheme modelled on the mediaeval guild system.
Politically, "the regions would be governed by the concept of 'popular rule' extolled by Gaddafi.
The resulting restoration of economic and political freedom would re-establish the link between 'blood and soil' enabling the people to overcome the 'tidal wave of evil and liberal filth now sweeping over our entire continent'.
'Natural law' would be upheld and abortion, race mixing and homosexuality forbidden".
In 1998, inspired by the concepts of the political soldier and leaderless resistance, Southgate formed the National Revolutionary Faction (NRF) as a clandestine cell system of professional revolutionaries conspiring to overthrow the British state.
The NRF stressed this was a "highly militant strategy" and advised that some members may only fund the organization.
Southgate claims that the NRF took part in anti-vivisection protests in August 2000 alongside hunt saboteurs and the Animal Liberation Front by following a strategy of entryism, but its only known public action under the national-anarchist name was to hold an anarchist heretics fair in October 2000 in which a number of fringe groups participated.
After a coalition of anti-fascists and green anarchists blocked three further events from being held in 2001, Southgate and the NRF abandoned this strategy and retreated to purely disseminating their ideas in Internet forums.
The NRF had long been aware of the bridging power of the Internet which provided it with a reach and influence hitherto not available to the groupuscular right.
Although Southgate disbanded the group in 2003, the NRF became part of the Euro-American radical right, a virtual community of European and American right-wing extremists seeking to establish a new pan-national and ethnoreligious identity for all people they believe belong to the "Aryan race".
Shortly after, Southgate and other NRF associates became involved with "Synthesis", the online journal of a forum called "Cercle de la Rose Noire" which sought a fusion of anti-statism, metapolitics and occultism with the contemporary concerns of the environmental and global justice movements.
The national-anarchist idea has spread around the world over the Internet, assisted by groups such as the Thule-Seminar which set up websites in the 1990s.
In the United States, only a few websites have been established, but there has been a trend towards a steady increase.
BANA.
National-anarchism in the United States began as a relatively obscure movement made up of probably fewer than 200 individuals led by Andrew Yeoman of the Bay Area National Anarchists (BANA) based in the San Francisco Bay Area and a couple of other groups in Northern California and Idaho.
Organizations based on national-anarchist ideology have gained a foothold in Russia and have been accused of sowing turmoil in the environmental movement in Germany.
There are adherents in Australia, England and Spain, among other nations.
In the San Francisco Bay Area, BANA began appearing in public only in late 2007.
Since then, BANA members protested alongside the Christian right with "Keep Our Children Safe" signs and began forming "a fleeting alliance" with the American Front, a white supremacist skinhead group based in California.
On 8 September 2007, the anti-globalization movement mobilized in Sydney against neoliberal economic policies by opposing the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit.
During the street protests, national-anarchists infiltrated the anarchist black bloc, but the police had to protect them from being expelled by irate activists.
Since then, national-anarchists have joined other marches in Australia and in the United States.
In April 2008, national-anarchists protested on behalf of the Tibetan independence movement against the Chinese government during the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in both Canberra and San Francisco.
National-anarchists are carefully studying the successes and failures of their more prominent international counterparts whilst attempting to similarly win converts from the radical environmentalist and white nationalist movements in the United States.
Similarly, anarchists, who are anti-racists, have been aware of national-anarchists "attempting to infiltrate and exploit their scene" since at least 2005.
Entryism, defined as "the name given to the process of entering or infiltrating bona fide organizations, institutions and political parties with the intention of gaining control of them for our own ends", is one of national anarchists' principal tactics.
In "The Case for National-Anarchist Entryism", Southgate called for national-anarchists to join political groups and then "misdirect or disrupt them for our own purposes or convert sections of their memberships to our cause".
On December 28, 2008, BANA members, dressed with hoodies emblazoned with "Smash All Dogmas" on the back and "New Right" on both sleeves, joined "a protest of several thousand against Israel's bombing of the Gaza Strip.
Practicing full-blown entryism, they marched between groups carrying the Palestinian flag and the gay-pride flag, while shouting, "F---, F---, F--- Zionism!"
BANA members later started carrying "a black flag with the letter Q in one corner" in reference to "Yeoman's claim that his ancestors rode with Quantrill's Raiders, a notoriously violent pro-Confederate guerrilla outfit that battled for control of the border state of Missouri during the Civil War".
BANA members follow Julius Evola, described as "an esoteric Italian writer and 'spiritual racist' lionized by modern-day fascists", in believing themselves to be "in revolt against the modern world".
BANA's website includes "long-winded blog posts predicting the imminent collapse of multicultural liberalism" and "carries notes of high praise for neo-Confederate secessionist groups like the League of the South and the Republic of South Carolina.
Some of the site's content is unintentionally comical.
For example, BANA exalts the lily-white town of Mayberry in the 1960s TV sitcom "The Andy Griffith Show" as 'a realized anarchist society'".
Writing for the Southern Poverty Law Center, Casey Sanchez argues that national-anarchism "is really just another white nationalist project".
According to Sanchez, national anarchists advocates "racial separatism and white racial purity.
They're also fiercely anti-gay and anti-Israel".
BANA envisions "a future race war leading to neo-tribal, whites-only enclaves to be called 'National Autonomous Zones'".
Sanchez describes BANA members "and other likeminded national anarchists" as cloaking "their bigotry in the language of radical environmentalism and mystical tribalism, pulling recruits from both the extreme right and the far left".
Sanchez quotes Yeoman as saying that BANA is "an extremely diverse group.
We have ex-liberals, ex-neo-cons, we have Ron Paul supporters, we have ex-skinheads, we have apolitical people that have been turned on to our causes".
On May Day 2010, BANA participated in the Golden Gate Minuteman Project's march in front of San Francisco City Hall in support of Arizona SB 1070, an anti-immigration Senate bill.
The march took place during International Workers' Day demonstrations as an attempt to counter mass protest against the bill in Mission District, San Francisco.
Local news media reported that Yeoman and four other national-anarchists were physically assaulted by about ten protesters as they left the march.
Lyons cites "the original Ku Klux Klan that denounced 'northern military despotism'" and the Tea party movement, "who vilify Barack Obama as a combination of Hitler and Stalin", as examples of the radical right, of which national-anarchism is part of, that has invoked "the evil of big government to both attract popular support and justify their own oppressive policies".
Lyons describes "the rise of so-called National-Anarchism (NA), an offshoot of British neonazism that has recently gained a small but fast-growing foothold in the United States", writing that national-anarchists advocate "a decentralized system of 'tribal' enclaves based on 'the right of all races, ethnicities and cultural groups to organize and live separately'".
While criticizing "statism of both the left and the right, including classical fascism", national-anarchists "participate in neonazi networks such as Stormfront.org and promote anti-Jewish conspiracy theories worthy of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion"".
According to Lyons, anti-statism is "a key part of National-Anarchism's appeal and helps it to deflect the charge of fascism".
Keith Preston.
American Keith Preston, a fellow traveller of the national-anarchist movement who promotes an authoritarian anti-statist "ecletic synthesis" called "anarcho-pluralism" and advocating "a revolutionary alliance of leftist and rightist libertarians against U.S. imperialism and the state", argues that despite the anti-Americanism of European national-anarchists and the patriotism of American paleoconservatives, classical American ideals of Jeffersonian democracy are reconcilable with national-anarchism because of their common values, namely agrarianism, localism, regionalism and traditional values.
Preston's opposition to oppression is linked only to the state, arguing that "the state is a unique force for destruction".
Preston is described as "the moving force behind" the anti-state website Attack the System and the American Revolutionary Vanguard, its affiliate organization".
According to Matthew N. Lyons, "Preston's own relationship with fascism is much closer than he acknowledges.
While he lacks fascism's drive to impose a single ideological vision on all spheres of society, he offers a closely related form of revolutionary right-wing populism.
Although claiming "many leftist ideas in his political philosophy and apparently is still in touch with some actual leftists", unlike other far-rightists who advocate Third Position, Lyons describes Preston as a "former left-wing anarchist", arguing that his politics "are fundamentally right wing with a leftist gloss".
While defending his choice to "collaborate with racialists and theocrats", Preston has nonetheless called for "a purge, if not an outright pogrom" in an effort "to drive anti-racist whites, feminists, and queer activists from the anarchist movement" in order to "attract more young rebels into our ranks", although Preston later claimed that critics had taken this statement "way too seriously".
Lyons describes Preston as "an individualist who does not directly advocate the racial determinism and separatism of his friends the National-Anarchists".
Lyons describes Preston's call for a "pan-secessionist" strategy as being based on "a coalition of those across the political spectrum who want to carve out separate, self-governing political enclaves free" of American government and imperialist control.
Lyons includes "Marxist-Leninists, white separatists, libertarians, neo-Confederates, indigenous rights activists, Christian rightists, Islamic rightists, militant environmentalists, and anti-Zionist Orthodox Jews" as "a broad array of potential partners" for Preston's "pan-secessionist" strategy.
Preston is described as being "harshly critical of the left's egalitarianism and universalism.
While stating that it would be a mistake "to see Preston's elitism as a mask for bigotry against any specific group of people", Lyons argues that "standard right-wing prejudices periodically creep into his prose".
Lyons states that "Preston only acknowledges oppression along lines of race, gender, sexuality, or other factors to the extent that these are directly promoted by the state, particularly through formal, legal discrimination against specific groups of people", ignoring or trivializing "the dense network of oppressive institutions and relationships that exist outside of, and sometimes in opposition to, the state".
It will simply create a power vacuum where they can function in a more fragmented, unregulated way.
This is a recipe for warlordism, a chaotic society where anyone with enough physical force can make the rules".
With no program for liberation except ending big government, pan-secessionism", as advocated by national-anarchists such as Preston, "would foster many smaller-scale authoritarian societies".
Ideology.
National-anarchists stress that the "artificial nationalism" of the nation state which they claim to oppose must be distinguished from the primordial "natural nationalism" of the people ("volk") which they believe in its more consistent expressions is a legitimate rejection of both foreign domination (imperialism) and internal domination (statism).
National-anarchists see "American global capitalism", consumerism, globalization, immigration, liberalism, materialism, modernity, multiculturalism, multiracialism and neoliberalism as the primary causes of the social decline of nations and cultural identity.
National-anarchism expresses a desire to reorganize human relationships with an emphasis on replacing the hierarchical structures of the state and capitalism with local community decision-making.
However, national-anarchists stress the restoration of the "natural order" and aim towards a decentralized social order where each new tribe builds and maintains a permanent autonomous zone for a self-sufficient commune which is economically mutualist, ecologically sustainable and socially and culturally traditional.
Politically, national-anarchists believe in something of a meritocratic system, wherein leaders would rise to their positions based on their talents.
These leaders, however, would not have any sort of vested authority, and would be more akin to big men than rulers.
National-anarchists claim that "national autonomous zones" (NAZs) could exist with their own rules for permanent residence without the strict ethnic divisions and violence advocated by other forms of "blood and soil" ethnic nationalism.
National-anarchist Andrew Yeoman has stated that this racial segregation is actually a belief adopted from anarchists of color, who sometimes refuse to allow those of white descent into their spaces.
Some leading national-anarchists have stated in the past as having originally conceived the idea of establishing whites-only NAZs which have seceded from the state's economy as no-go areas for unwelcomed ethnic groups and state authorities.
In their view, this was an insurrectionary strategy to foment civil disorder and racial tensions as an essential prelude to racial civil war and the collapse of the global capitalist system.
National-anarchists such as Keith Preston advocate "a vision of revolutionary change that centers on replacing centralized nation-states with a diverse array of small-scale political entities".
According to Preston, "anarcho-pluralism" is "anti-universalist" because "it rejects the view that there is one 'correct' system of politics, economics, or culture that is applicable much less obligatory for all people at all times and in all places".
According to this view, "any group of people could organize and govern themselves as they wished, as long as they leave other groups free to do the same.
These self-governing units could be based on ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, political philosophy, or cultural practice".
For those national-anarchists, this is "the best possible method of avoiding the tyrannies and abuses of overarching Leviathan states, and accommodating the irreconcilable differences concerning any number of matters that all societies inevitably contain".
In terms of cultural and religious views, national-anarchists are influenced by the radical traditionalism and spiritual racism of Julius Evola, who called for a "revolt against the modern world".
National-anarchists have a pessimistic vision of modern Western culture yet optimistically believe that "the decline of the West" will pave the way for its materialism to be expunged and replaced by the idealism of the primordial tradition.
Although some adhere to a form of Christian Identity, most of its members within the national-anarchist movement reject Christianity because those national-anarchists believe it to be a Semitic religion that usurped the "Aryan" racial legacy of Mithraism as the historically dominant religion and moral system of the West.
National-anarchists embrace a spiritual anarchism based on different forms of neopaganism, occultism and the ethnic religion of national mysticism, especially Nordic racial paganism which they view as genuine expressions of Western spirituality, culture and identity that can also serve as an antidote to the socially alienating effects of consumer culture.
Position on the political spectrum.
Scholars who have examined national-anarchism consider it to be on the radical right.
While stating that national-anarchists claim to promote "a radical anti-capitalist and anti-Marxist 'anarchist' agenda of autonomous rural communities within a decentralized, pan-European framework", Macklin further argued that despite a protean capacity for change, far-right groupuscules retain some principles which he calls core fascist values (anti-communism, anti-liberalism, anti-Marxism, violent direct action, palingenesis, Third Positionism and ultranationalism), describing national-anarchism as "racist anti-capitalism" and "communitarian racism".
Macklin concludes that national-anarchism is a synthesis of anarcho-primitivism and the radical traditionalist conservatism of Julius Evola in a "revolt against the modern world".
Analysis and reception.
National-anarchism has critics on both the left and right of the political spectrum as they both look upon their politics with skepticism, if not outright hostility, mainly because of the multifaceted threat they conclude it represents.
Scholarly analysis asserts that national-anarchism is a "Trojan horse for white nationalism" and represents what many anti-fascists see as the potential new face of fascism.
This analysis argues that it is a form of crypto-fascism which hopes to avoid the stigma of classical fascism by appropriating symbols, slogans and stances of the anarchist movement while engaging in entryism to inject some core fascist values into the anti-globalization and environmental movements.
According to scholars, national-anarchists hope to draw members away from traditional white nationalist groups to their own synthesis of ideas which national-anarchists claim are "neither left nor right".
Some scholars also warn that the danger national-anarchists represent is not in their marginal political strength, but in their potential to show an innovative way that neo-fascist groups can rebrand themselves and reset their project on a new footing in order to preempt the radical left as the main revolutionary opposition force.
Even if the results are modest, this can disrupt left-wing social movements and their focus on egalitarianism and social justice, instead spreading separatist ideas based on antifeminism, antisemitism, heterosexism, naturalistic fallacy and racism amongst grassroots activists.
Scholars have reported how far-right critics argue that neo-Nazis joining the national-anarchist movement will lead to them losing credit for the successes of their anti-Zionist struggle if it is co-opted by anarchists.
Scholars further noted how those far-right critics argue that national-anarchists want the militant chic of calling themselves "anarchists" without the historical and philosophical baggage that accompanies such a claim, namely the link with 19th-century Jewish anarchists.
Macklin describes national-anarchism as "a seemingly incongruous synthesis of fascism and anarchism" that owes more the "conservative revolutionary thought" of the anarcha than anarchism as it is "totally devoid of anarchism's humanistic social philosophy, which is rejected as 'infected' with feminism, homosexuality and Marxism".
Scholars such as Matthew N. Lyons argue that implementing national-anarchism would not result in an expansion of freedom as its proponents claim and that "in reality it would promote oppression and authoritarianism in smaller-scale units".
Jeffrey Louis (born December 20, 1994), also known mononymously as Jeffro, is an American breakdancer.
The 1918 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1918 in order to elect the Governor of Texas.
Incumbent Democratic governor William Pettus Hobby easily won re-election to his first full term after ascending to the governorship in 1917 upon the impeachment and conviction of his predecessor, governor James "Pa" Ferguson.
He defeated Republican nominee Charles Albert Boynton.
Democratic primary.
Campaign.
In the primary, Governor Hobby faced his predecessor, former impeached and convicted governor James "Pa" Ferguson.
Hobby easily won, practically guaranteeing his re-election, as Texas was an overwhelmingly Democratic-controlled state at this time.
General election.
Christiaan Allen Wyngaard is a South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999, having gained election in the 1994 general election.
Ahead of the 1999 general election, Wyngaard was listed 32nd on the party list of the New National Party (NNP), the NP's successor party, in the Western Cape.
Wyngaard, along with Glen Carelse and Pauline Cupido, reportedly complained to the party leadership about their low ranking on the list.
Several weeks later, in January 1999, he and the others announced that they would resign from the NNP to join the Democratic Party (DP).
Qatar's football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for association football clubs in Qatar and consists of two divisions which are overseen by the Qatar Football Association (QFA).
The Qatar Stars League, previously known as the Q-League, is the top division and currently features 12 teams, whereas the Qatari Second Division, also known as Qatargas League, features a total of 8 teams.
Amateur leagues and tournaments are supervised and organized by the Subordinate Leagues Committee at QFA.
These include the Qatar Amateur League, School League, University League and Asian Community Football Tournament.
Paul Anthony Madden, (born 10 October 1948) is a British chemist and former Provost of The Queen's College, Oxford.
Early life.
Madden attended St Bede's Grammar School, a Catholic boys' grammar school in Bradford, Yorkshire, England.
He gained BSc and DPhil degrees in chemistry at the University of Sussex.
His doctoral thesis was titled "Reactive Scattering Calculations" and was completed in 1974.
Career.
From 1981-84 he worked at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, Worcestershire.
From 1984 until 2005 he was Fellow in Chemistry at The Queen's College, Oxford and also Senior Tutor of the college and Chairman of the University Information Technology Committee.
From 2004 until 2008 he was Professor of Physical Chemistry and Director of Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions at the University of Edinburgh.
He took up the office of Provost of The Queen's College on 2 August 2008 and was succeeded by Dr Claire Craig CBE on 2 August 2019.
He was awarded the Mulliken Medal of the University of Chicago for his achievements in Theoretical and Physical Chemistry.
He has served as Miller Visiting Professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
He was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 2001 and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
He was appointed a member of the "ad hoc" Board of Electors to the Professorship of Chemistry in the University of Cambridge on the nomination of the Faculty Board of Chemistry.
Personal life.
He is married to Alison.
His pioneering work helped found the modern theory of chemical affinity, chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, and chemical thermodynamics.
In his 1874 pamphlet, van 't Hoff formulated the theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom and laid the foundations of stereochemistry.
In 1875, he predicted the correct structures of allenes and cumulenes as well as their axial chirality.
He is also widely considered one of the founders of physical chemistry as the discipline is known today.
Biography.
From a young age, he was interested in science and nature, and frequently took part in botanical excursions.
In his early school years, he showed a strong interest in poetry and philosophy.
He considered Lord Byron to be his idol.
First, he enrolled at Delft University of Technology in September 1869, and studied until 1871, when he passed his final exam on 8 July and obtained a degree of chemical technologist.
He passed all his courses in two years, although the time assigned to study was three years.
Then he enrolled at University of Leiden to study chemistry.
He received his doctorate under Eduard Mulder at the University of Utrecht in 1874.
Career.
Organic chemistry.
Van 't Hoff earned his earliest reputation in the field of organic chemistry.
In 1874, he accounted for the phenomenon of optical activity by assuming that the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and their neighbors were directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron.
This three-dimensional structure accounted for the isomers found in nature.
He shares credit for this with the French chemist Joseph Le Bel, who independently came up with the same idea.
In these early years his theory was largely ignored by the scientific community, and was sharply criticized by one prominent chemist, Hermann Kolbe.
Physical chemistry.
He also introduced the modern concept of chemical affinity.
In 1886, he showed a similarity between the behaviour of dilute solutions and gases.
He worked on Svante Arrhenius's theory of the dissociation of electrolytes and in 1889 provided physical justification for the Arrhenius equation.
In 1896, he became a professor at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin.
His studies of the salt deposits at Stassfurt were an important contribution to Prussia's chemical industry.
Van 't Hoff became a lecturer in chemistry and physics at the Veterinary College in Utrecht.
He then worked as a professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology at the University of Amsterdam for almost 18 years before eventually becoming the chairman of the chemistry department.
In 1901, he received the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with solutions.
His work showed that very dilute solutions follow mathematical laws that closely resemble the laws describing the behavior of gases.
Honours and awards.
In 1885, van 't Hoff was appointed as a Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 1904, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.
Other distinctions include honorary doctorates from Harvard and Yale (1901), Victoria University, the University of Manchester (1903), and University of Heidelberg (1908).
He was awarded the Davy Medal of the Royal Society in 1893 (along with Le Bel), and elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1897.
They finished the season 18-9, 10-7 in SEC Play to finish in 4th place.
They defeated Florida in the quarterfinals of the SEC tournament before losing in the semifinals to Alabama.
They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they were upset in the first round by Oregon State.
Previous season.
They were set to take on Alabama in the second round of the SEC tournament.
However, the remainder of the SEC Tournament was canceled amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
All further postseason tournaments were likewise canceled.
Preseason.
SEC media poll.
The SEC media poll was released on November 12, 2020.
Preseason All-SEC teams.
The Volunteers had two players selected to the preseason all-SEC teams.
Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the start of the season was pushed back from the scheduled start of November 10.
On September 16, 2020, the NCAA announced that November 25 would be the new start date.
The Dothideaceae are a family of fungi in the order Dothideales.
Species in this family have a widespread distribution, especially in tropical areas.
Elijah Omolo Agar was the first member of parliament for Karachuonyo Constituency after Kenya got independence from Britain.
He was elected on an independent ticket in the first elections beating Gogo Ochok of Kenya African National Union (KANU).
Elijah Omolo Agar was a master's degree graduate from Pittsburgh University in the US and a Bachelor of Economics Graduate from India.
He was a staunch ally of Thomas Joseph Mboya.
He served as an Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
He was the editor of the pre independence newspaper called "Uhuru".
It is his article questioning the detention of the Kapenguria Six that earned him detention too in Lamu alongside John Keen.
He got involved in a near fatal accident at Ruga in Oyugis on his way from Kisii.
Career.
The other four games saw Dieter Feller play.
In 1797, France faced a debt load of 4 billion francs, much higher than the previous peak in 1715, and a new record.
Moreover, the country was experiencing a phase of hyperinflation due, in part, to Gresham's law thanks to the over-printing of Assignat, which lowered purchasing power.
Arctia brachyptera, the Kluane tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae.
It was described by James T. Troubridge and J. Donald Lafontaine in 2000 and is only known from the Yukon in Canada.
Smith was most notable for his research into the biology of symbiosis and became a leading authority on it.
Smith discovered that lichens and Radiata (coelenterates) shared a similar biological mechanism in carbohydrate metabolism.
Further research by Smith demonstrated similar processes in organisms that worked within a symbiotic relationship.
Early life and education.
Smith was the youngest of two sons.
Smith's brother Frank was killed in Canada.
His father initially worked as a coal mining engineer in South Wales, before securing a position as the manager of a Manganese mine in Sinai desert following the UKGeneral Strike.
The family remained in the Sinai desert until the end of World War II, except for occasional periods of leave.
In one such period, Smith was born, and lived in the Sinai desert until he was five, when he returned to the UK to live with his grandparents and aunt, Iris, in Port Talbot where he attended primary school.
When Smith was ten he was sent to boarding school at Colston's School, Bristol.
After his parents returned to the UK to live in Hatch End, London, when he was 15 Smith was moved to St Paul's School, London to continue his education.
It was while St Paul's School, that his interest in the subject of biology started, while on field trips.
He applied to study medicine at University of Oxford.
However, he discovered that he could have financial support from a Browne scholarship to study botany at The Queen's College, Oxford, so he changed programme.
He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts in Botany, achieving a First-class honours in 1951.
Smith immediately followed this with postgraduate research on lichens and was awarded D.Phil in 1954.
Career and research.
Smith completed his Doctor of Philosophy in two years, as his National service was impending.
He spent his time in Germany, and joined the Intelligence Corps to research Nuclear warfare.
Upon returning from national service, he was appointed to a research fellowship at The Queen's College, Oxford before visiting the United States under a Harkness Fellowship to conduct research at the University of California, Berkeley.
Smith returned to the United Kingdom to a post as a university lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Science at University of Oxford.
Smith was then appointed as a Royal Society Senior research fellow at Wadham College, Oxford, from 1964 to 1971.
From 1971 to 1974 Smith followed up that position at the same college as Tutorial Fellow (a senior Oxford academic rank), followed by Admissions Tutor at the same college.
His former doctoral students include Angela Gallop.
In 1965, he joined the editorial board of the plant science journal "New Phytologist".
Shortly afterwards he became Executive Editor (Editor-in-Chief) for 17 years, and continuing as an Editor and serving as a Trustee until the late 1990s.
From 1974 to 1980 Smith held the Melville Wills Chair of Botany at the University of Bristol.
Smith returned to a position at Oxford in 1980 as the Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy, named in honour of John Sibthorp.
He also acted as director of the Department of Agricultural Science.
Between 1987 and 1994, Smith was Principal of the University of Edinburgh.
From 1994 to September 2000 he was President of Wolfson College, Oxford He became an Honorary Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford in 2002.
He was a distinguished supporter of Humanists UK.
He was a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering.
Honors and awards.
Smith also received an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1993 He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1975 and was biological secretary from 1983 to 1987.
He was awarded a knighthood in 1986.
Smith was awarded the Gold Medal for Botany by the Linnean Society and served as president of the society from 2000 to 2003.
In 2003 he received the Acharius Medal from the International Association for Lichenology.
Personal life.
Smith married twice, firstly in 1959 to the plant physiologist Daphne Osborne, but they divorced in 1962.
In 1965, he married Lesley Mutch, a Scottish doctor and epidemiologist and they had three children together, called Bryony, Adam and Cameron.
The East Bay Dragons MC is an all-black, all-male, all-Harley Davidson riding motorcycle club founded in Oakland, California, in 1959 by Tobie Gene Levingston, who died in July 2020.
History.
As a car club.
Levingston founded the car club shortly after arriving to Oakland from Louisiana in 1955 with the intent of providing an outlet to keep his younger brother and friends off the rough and tumble streets of Oakland.
The car club did not adopt the official name "Dragons Car Club" until 1958.
The words "East Bay" were added by member Joe Louis, signifying their region of origin.
By 1959, the East Bay Dragons had developed a reputation among Oakland Police Department for their numerous melees and brawls with local street gangs from East and West Oakland.
The turning point for the car club came following an incident at a local party at the Snow Building, a rented hall by the Oakland Zoo, adjacent to the Grass Valley neighborhood of the Oakland Hills.
A fight broke out, and one of the members drove his car through the front door of the building onto the dance floor.
Move to a motorcycle club.
After constant harassment and profiling from the local police, Levingston had considered disbanding the car club.
Long time friend Sonny Barger suggested he switch the club from a car club to a motorcycle club because bikes were more discreet than cars, easier to maintain and cheaper to work on.
After following the recommendation of Barger, The East Bay Dragons officially became a motorcycle club in 1959.
In addition to trouble with the Oakland Police Department, at that time the idea of sustaining a car club became difficult.
Many working class and working poor black families could not afford more than one car per household and Dragons members were no exception.
Many club members could only have access to the family car either during the weekends or late at night.
Motorcycles were more practical because they were not depended on by an entire household.
In 1959, and even well into the sixties, although there were two Harley Davidson dealerships in Oakland, no dealership in the Bay Area would sell bikes to black customers.
All the original founding members had to buy used bikes.
Prior to the East Bay Dragons, the only other black outlaw motorcycle club in the Bay Area was the now defunct Fillmore based Frisco Rattlers.
Along with the Chosen Few MC and Los Angeles Defiant Ones MC, the East Bay Dragons are one of the oldest surviving predominantly black motorcycle clubs founded in California, (the LA Defiant Ones were founded two years earlier in 1957).
The East Bay Dragons, LA Defiant Ones and Outcast MC (founded 1969), are the oldest surviving all black motorcycle clubs requiring members to only ride American made motorcycles.
Community involvement.
The Black Panther Party for Self Defense.
The Black Panthers and The East Bay Dragons Motorcycle Club were sometimes mistaken for each other by law enforcement.
The Black Panthers earliest headquarters was just a few blocks from the Dragons clubhouse.
The East Bay Dragons had already established a strong presence within communities in East Oakland.
During the initial phases of the creation of the Black Panthers, Newton and Seale approached the East Bay Dragons for ideas and support.
When Huey P. Newton went to jail for the 1967 shootout between the Oakland cops and the Panthers, many members of the Dragons attended Free Huey rallies at De Fremery Park.
A lot of the members attended weekend rallies to show off their bikes and to listen to speeches given by prominent Black Power movement leaders of the day.
Due to the support both organizations had for each other, some of the Black Panthers eventually became members of the East Bay Dragons after the Black Panthers disbanded.
Community service.
The East Bay Dragons have a record of service to the community and have supported many local charitable organizations, including riding for breast cancer, AIDS awareness and violence awareness.
Every Labor Day Weekend they host annual block parties in September at their clubhouse using proceeds to donate school supplies and gift certificates to families of East Oakland to purchase children's school clothes and supplies.
Every November they hold an annual turkey drive for Thanksgiving, providing turkeys and other food staples for families in need.
During the Christmas season, they sponsor a toy drive and deliver toys to Oakland children on their bikes, while dressing up as Santa Claus.
Golden State Warriors victory parade.
The East Bay Dragons were featured in the 2015 victory parade through downtown Oakland commemorating the 2015 NBA Championship of the Golden State Warriors.
Music.
Oakland rapper Richie Rich is a long-standing member of the East Bay Dragons and has featured the club in many of his music videos.
Insignia.
The insignia is a large square patch featuring the club name in red text placed above the logo of a green dragon over a yellow background.
The two bottom patches displayed on their cuts showing their territory are one rectangular patch with "Oakland" in red text over a yellow background above another rectangular patch with "California" in red text over a yellow background.
The East Bay Dragons colors are red and gold.
Like the Bandidos Motorcycle Club and Flaming Knights Motorcycle Club, their club name is prominently displayed in red text over a yellow background, however, the Dragons are not affiliated with either club in any way be it "dominant MC" or "support MC" and was founded prior to both clubs.
Differences from other motorcycle clubs.
Drill teams.
Until 1959, most black motorcycle clubs were "Drill Teams" consisting of World War II veterans.
These drill teams performed group routines consisting of stunts and challenging maneuvers weaving in and out of cones and between other motorcyclists.
Unlike other African-American motorcycle clubs and drill teams of the late 1940s and 1950s which rode full-dressers, the East Bay Dragons rode choppers.
Expansion and growth.
Since its inception and official establishing as a motorcycle club, the East Bay Dragons have no desire to establish multiple chapters in or outside of California, have only one chapter, and have remained at the same clubhouse in East Oakland where they have been based for over 45 years.
Unlike most motorcycle clubs, the East Bay Dragons do not have a "prospect" or "probation" period for prospective members.
They believe "you are either a member of the club or not, no in between".
Prospective members who are "hangarounds" are referred to by club members as "rookies" while they are being vetted for membership prior to being voted in as full patch members.
Patch and insignia.
During the 1940s and 1950s, the center patch and logo patch of most motorcycle clubs were circular or oval in shape whereas for car clubs, they were square or rectangular shaped.
Because the East Bay Dragons were founded as a car club, they adopted the square shaped patch which stood with the club even after they switched and became a motorcycle club.
Unlike many outlaw motorcycle clubs, the East Bay Dragons do not claim a state as territory by wearing a bottom "rocker".
The bottom patches displaying their territory are rectangular, not curved.
National Highway 218, commonly referred to as NH 218 is a national highway in India.
It is a secondary route of National Highway 18.
NH-218 runs in the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand in India.
Route.
Biography.
Pickworth won the bronze medal as part of the men's sabre team at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.
His teammates in the event were Bob Binning and Michael Henderson.
Specifically, dyothelitism correlates the distinctiveness of two wills with the existence of two specific natures (divine and human) in the person of Jesus Christ (dyophysitism).
History.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church, no.
The debate concerning the Monothelite churches and the Dithelite churches came to a conclusion at the Third Council of Constantinople in 681.
The Council declared that in line with the declarations of the Council of Chalcedon in 451, which declared two natures in the one person of Jesus Christ, there are equally two "wills" or "modes of operation" in the one person of Jesus Christ as well.
TTC37 (Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 37) is a protein which in humans is encoded by gene "TTC37", located on chromosome 5.
Structure.
The length of the polypeptide chain is 1,564 amino acids, and the molecular weight is 175,486 Da.
TTC37 contains six tetratricopeptide repeat domains.
Function.
TTC37 is a component of the Ski complex which is involved in exosome mediated RNA decay.
Subcellular distribution.
It is localized in the cytoplasmatic space and the cell nucleus.
Clinical significance.
The Yachi River Bridge is an arch bridge in Guizhou, China.
The bridge, at , is one of the highest in world.
It is also one of the longest arch bridges with a main span of .
The bridge crosses the Yachi River between Qianxi County in Bijie and Qingzhen in Guiyang.
The Gathering 2009 was a two-day weekend event, celebrating Scottish culture, held between 25 and 26 July 2009, as part of Homecoming 2009.
The event was held at Holyrood Park, Scotland, and attracted around 47,000 people from all over the world.
Over 125 Scottish clans were represented in what was described as the largest Highland Games in Scotland's history.
A clan convention also took place, also the largest recorded meeting of chiefs.
Festivities.
The Gathering took place at Holyrood Park between 25 and 26 July.
On the evening of 25 July, about 20,000 people lined the Royal Mile and watched the parade of about 8,000 clan members and pipe bands march from the Palace of Holyroodhouse to Edinburgh Castle Esplanade.
The Duke of Rothesay officially opened the weekend event, which attracted over 47,000 people from at least 40 different countries.
125 Scottish clans were represented and 85 clan chiefs were also present.
Visitors enjoyed traditional Highland Games, piping, dancing, live music performances, and sampled Scottish food, drink, as well as crafts and textiles.
The majority of the weekend visitors attended the festivities on the 25th, with about 30,000 enjoying the sunshine, while rain the next day dampened the mood of some attendees.
The event was reported to have been the world's largest Highland Games and clan meeting.
It was not, however, a sell out.
The day before the festivities, 7,400 out of 8,100 tickets that guaranteed access to the parade and esplanade had been sold.
Also, only 12,000 tickets out of 30,000 had been sold for the event held in Holyrood Park.
Clan convention.
A Clan Convention was held on 24 July 2009, located at the Scottish Parliament.
The convention was made up of more than 100 clan chiefs and about 300 other people.
The meeting of chiefs was the first of such scale in recorded history.
One of the points discussed at the convention was the use of social networking to reach young people.
Financial losses.
Conclusion.
Initially The Gathering 2009 was deemed a success by both the organisers and media.
Afterwards, Lord Sempill, the co-director of the event with Jennifer Gilmour, was quoted in the press as saying, "This tremendous event has not only been everything I dreamed but has exceeded my expectations.
It has been wonderful to see so many local people".
Subsequently, however, Lord Sempill handed over intellectual property rights to the Destination Edinburgh Marketing Alliance as part of the deal whereby Historic Scotland was forced to write off the money owed to it by The Gathering Ltd.
Initially The Gathering's apparent success led to speculation over future events, possibly in connection with the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Bannockburn in 2014.
After an operational career spanning two decades, the Calquin was retired.
Design and development.
The I.Ae.24 design was based on a cantilever mid-mounted wooden (indigenous woods were used throughout) wings with fabric-covered flying surfaces.
The conventional main twin-oleo undercarriage retracted into the engine nacelles while the tailwheel retracted into the aft fuselage.
The two-man crew were seated side by side under a large transparency constructed partly of acrylic glass with glass panels.
Originally the I.Ae.
A later prototype, the I.Ae.28 was equipped with Rolls-Royce Merlins but the project was superseded by the more capable I.Ae.
Operational history.
Despite the lower performance obtained in testing, the I.Ae.24 Calquin was able to undertake an attack and light bombing role, replacing the Northrop A-17 in the Argentine Air Force inventory.
A total of 100 aircraft were ordered, with the first production example flying on 4 July 1946.
Test pilots considered the aircraft unstable "on all three axes" and required careful handling.
History.
In February 1945, at the Yalta Conference, the Soviet Union undertook to enter the war with Japan no later than 3 months after the defeat of Germany.
By August 20, 1945, the main hostilities ended, and individual clashes continued until September 10.
Soviet troops occupied Manchuria.
Money circulation in China was in a chaotic state, a single emission center did not exist.
In Manchuria, the yuan of Manchukuo and the money of other puppet Chinese governments were in circulation.
To pay for purchases of food and other goods and services needed to provide Soviet military units, the Soviet military command launched the release of military money.
Banknotes of 1, 5, 10 and 100 yuan were issued, printed in the USSR.
On banknotes with colored patterns - inscriptions in hieroglyphs.
The issue was made until May 1946 and was stopped with the withdrawal of the Soviet troops, by this time denominations of 1 and 5 yuan due to inflation were practically not used in circulation.
It was contested by 26 teams representing 14 regional associations and 12 departments.
There was also a change to the ball, with Pakistan's Gray's of Cambridge replacing Kookaburra as the competition's supplier.
Format.
The format of the competition also changed, reintroducing a two tier Gold and Silver League system with promotion and relegation.
The Gold League was a played as a single round-robin group with a final contested between the two top teams at the end of the season.
Teams in the Silver League were divided into two round-robin groups, with the leading four from each advancing to a knockout phase to determine the winner.
Gold League.
Group stage.
Norman bin Musa (born 20 November 1974) is a Malaysian born chef, author, TV host, tutor, restaurateur and entrepreneur, based in The Hague, The Netherlands.
Born in Butterworth, Penang in Malaysia, he was the co-founder of Ning restaurant in Manchester and Executive Chef of Wah Nam Hong Restaurant in The Hague, The Netherlands and author of the Amazing Malaysian cookbook.
Life, career and awards.
Norman Musa is a Malaysian Malay, raised by his parents in a kampung called Sungai Nyior in Butterworth.
Following his secondary education, he earned a scholarship to study quantity surveying at the University of Portsmouth beginning in1994.
After graduation in 1997, his first job as a quantity surveyor was in Bournemouth, Southern England before relocating to London in 1999.
In 2003, he moved to Manchester where he continued to practice as a quantity surveyor.
In 2006, Musa took a break as a quantity surveyor to plan, design, and develop a restaurant with his partner at the time.
The restaurant, Ning, opened for business in December 2006 and was located in the Northern Quarter.
The menu centered on Malaysian and Thai cuisine.
Norman worked as Head Chef at the restaurant for the first year, then returned to his role as a quantity surveyor.
Once the restaurant business took off in 2009, he left his career in quantity surveying to work full-time at Ning.
A second Ning restaurant opened in York and was in business from 2012 to 2014.
Norman Musa has received various awards and acknowledgements since 2013, beginning with the Hospitality Guild's Young Hall of Fame award, which he received at a parliamentary reception at the House of Commons.
In November 2014, the Kuala Lumpur Mayor's office issued a press release announcing Musa's appointment as the Kuala Lumpur Food Ambassador for the European market.
In April 2016, Musa was shortlisted as one of the seven Malaysian cooks who made it abroad by the Malaysian Newspaper, "The Star".
In March 2017, Musa was handed a five-year disqualification for employing illegal workers at Ning.
The disqualification follows an investigation by the Insolvency Service, which found that Musa failed to ensure the business completed relevant immigration checks on its employees resulting in the employment of two illegal workers.
In March 2018, Musa was offered to teach at Seasoned Cookery School Derbyshire increasing the list of cookery schools in his profile.
In May 2018, Musa was offered to run five day cooking demonstrations and masterclasses at one of the biggest Festivals in Europe, the Tong Tong Fair held in The Hague, The Netherlands.
The 12 day festival was attended by more than 80,000 visitors from 24 May to 3 June 2018.
Musa was also commissioned to create a Malaysian inspired breakfast for the Mercure Hotel in The Hague to be served during the festival.
On 22 January 2019, Musa was officially appointed as the Executive Chef for Wah Nam Hong Restaurant in Leidsenhage, The Netherlands.
Musa filmed his third cooking show "East West Bake" in Cheshire, United Kingdom from 11 March 2019 until 17 March 2019.
Musa co-hosted the show with his mentor, Chef Brian Mellor.
The show is for the Malaysian TV Channel 'Saluran Okey'.
On 18 March, Musa was invited to run a cooking demonstration to promote Malaysian fruits at the Unesco Headquarters in Paris.
The event was launched by the Deputy Malaysian Prime Minister, Dato Sri Dr Wan Azizah.
Musa invited the Deputy Prime Minister to cook alongside him during the event.
He is actively promoting Malaysian cuisine in The Netherlands by running cooking demonstrations and workshops.
In March 2019, Musa was announced by Holland-based Big Green Egg as one of the celebrity chefs who will run a cooking workshop at their annual Big Green Egg's Flavour Fair (16 June, 2019) in Lisse, The Netherlands.
His popular workshops sold out a few weeks in advance of the event.
Norman was asked by his Dutch celebrity chef friend, Francis Kuijk to write the foreword for her second Dutch cookbook "Basisboek Indonesisch", that was published in March 2019.
Article of Musa and his recipes were featured in the Malaysian's "Her World m"agazine April 2019 Issue.
His recipes for the new Dutch cookbook "Magisch Maleisisch" were featured in the "Elle Eten" magazine for the May 2019 issue.
Norman launched his Dutch cookbook "Magisch Maleisich", the translation of his "Amazing Malaysian" cookbook on 4 June 2019 at Keizer Culinair in Amsterdam.
The book was published by Podium Uitgever, the Amsterdam-based publisher.
On 22 and 23 June 2019, Norman was invited by the Malaysian Embassy in The Hague to run cooking demonstrations for the Malaysian Food Fair.
On 24 July 2019 Norman's laksa dish was mentioned in the article of "The Guardian", UK top newspaper written by Felicity Cloake.
The article compared the laksa recipes amongst other Malaysian chefs.
'Where the recipes diverge, however, is in their use of dried spices.
Malaysian chef Norman Musa uses sweeter aromatics such as star anise and cinnamon along with the coriander seeds and turmeric found in Tan's version, as well as that from Mandy Yin, the Kuala-Lumpur-born chef at my favourite laksa joint, north London's Sambal Shiok.
For a less rich take, however, I'd highly recommend it.'
The book is available for all primary schools in Malaysia.
Two of his recipes from "Amazing Malaysian" cookbook were selected by Josh Emett, the New Zealand-based celebrity chef, to be included in his cookbook "The Recipe", the book comprises more than 300 modern classic recipes from 150 of the world's finest chefs and cooks.
The book was published in May 2019.
His cooking show "East West Bake", a 13-episode cooking show that was filmed in March 2019 with his co-host and mentor, Chef Brian Mellor, in Chester, United Kingdom.
The program aired on Malaysian TV Okey, starting on 9 January 2020.
In February 2020, Norman filmed his fifth cooking show "Explore the Scent Holland" for Malaysian TV.
This 13-episode show featured Musa with his Dutch celebrity chef friends.
The show captured local Dutch attractions and co-hosts showcased Dutch cuisine, while Musa prepared Malaysian cuisine.
The show aired on Malaysian TV and is available for online streaming as of October 2020.
From 25 September to 4 October 2020, Norman introduced the Dutch market to the Malaysian food brand Adabi through Wah Nam Hong Supermarket, during a campaign organised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries Malaysia to promote Malaysian fruits and products.
In October 2020, Norman with his Sydney based chef colleague, Jackie M., and London based Nutritionist, Kerry Torrens, launched the S.E.A.
In December 2020, he was appointed as the Adjunct Senior Lecturer by Malaysian-based Taylor's University.
The team was led by 12th-year head coach Ed Cooley, and played their home games at Amica Mutual Pavilion in Providence, Rhode Island as a member of the Big East Conference.
They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big East tournament to UConn.
They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 11 seed in the East region.
There they lost to Kentucky in the first round.
On March 10, 2023, Ed Cooley left the school to take the head coach job at Georgetown.
On March 23, the school named George Mason head coach Kim English the team's new head coach.
Previous season.
The Friars defeated Butler in the quarterfinals of the Big East tournament before losing to Creighton in the semifinals.
They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 4 seed in the Midwest region.
They defeated South Dakota State and Richmond to advance to the Sweet Sixteen.
There they lost to No. 1 seed Kansas.
Flight Lieutenant Arthur Clunie Randall (b.
6 February 1896) was a Scottish World War I flying ace credited with 10 aerial victories.
After earning a Distinguished Flying Cross during the war, he remained in military service until 1926.
Early life.
Arthur Clunie Randall was born in Paisley, Scotland, on 6 February 1896.
When he enlisted in the military, he was living in Bothwell, Lanarkshire.
World War I.
On 13 November 1914, Randall was among cadets and ex-cadets of the Officers' Training Corps appointed as temporary second lieutenants in the infantry.
After serving in a reserve battalion of the Border Regiment, he was attached to the Royal Flying Corps on 27 October 1916, and appointed a flying officer, transferred to the General List, on 30 November.
He was posted to No.
32 Squadron, flying an Airco DH.2.
He scored his first aerial victory with them on 23 January 1917.
He would score one more win with them, being wounded in the process, on 11 March 1917.
On 1 April 1917 he was promoted to lieutenant, and on 3 June was appointed a flight commander with the temporary rank of captain.
His second combat tour was as a fighter pilot with No.
85 Squadron, flying a Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5a.
This time around, he scored another eight aerial victories, between June and October 1918, culminating in the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross just days before the Armistice.
Randall remained in the RAF after the war, being granted a permanent commission with the rank of captain on 1 August 1919.
He was then serving in the campaign in the Baltic in which British forces supported the White Army against the Reds in the Russian Civil War.
He flew one of the eight aircraft that created a diversion while Royal Navy Coastal Motor Boats attacked Russian warships.
However, Randall suffered an engine failure en route.
He was just about to land when his engine came back to life, and despite knowing that it could fail again at any time, he pressed on to take part in the attack.
His engine failed completely on the return journey.
Meanwhile, a flotilla of eight Coastal Motor Boats entered the harbour and launched their torpedoes, succeeding in sinking the submarine tender "Dvina" (formerly the armoured cruiser ), and damaging the battleships and , though three CMB's were sunk.
On 26 March 1920, Randall was awarded the Cross of Liberty Second Class by the government of Estonia, in recognition of his services during the Estonian War of Independence.
Randall then served in No.
210 Squadron, based at RAF Gosport, until 30 January 1922 when he was transferred to No.
203 Squadron, based at RAF Leuchars.
However he was soon transferred again, moving to the RAF Depot (Inland Area) as a supernumerary on 3 April.
From 6 January 1923 he served as adjutant of the Inland Area Aircraft Depot.
Randall was dismissed from the Royal Air Force by sentence of a General Court-Martial on 23 December 1926.
LUnix (short for "Little Unix") is a Unix-like multi-tasking operating system designed to run natively on the Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 home computer systems.
It contains a web server and clients for telnet, POP3 and FTP and can act as a terminal or terminal server over RS-232.
LUnix was developed by Daniel Dallmann and contributed by Ilker Ficicilar, Stefan Haubenthal, Maciej Witkowiak and Paul Gardner-Stephen in late 1990s.
It is possible with this first distribution to attach two keyboards and two monitors and one RS-232 terminal to set up a three simultaneous, multitasking sessions on a C128.
LUnix came with an extensive documentation at the time.
He won two gold medals, and eventually set a new world record of 583 points in the men's rapid fire pistol (RFP) at the 2011 ISSF World Cup series in Sydney, Australia, and in Changwon, South Korea.
Podhrasky represented the Czech Republic at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's 25 m rapid fire pistol, along with his teammate Martin Strnad.
He placed fourteenth out of nineteen shooters in the qualifying rounds of the event, with a total score of 565 points (276 on the first stage, and 289 on the second).
It elects four Councillors.
Election Results.
2022 Election.
Biography.
The master was born in the end of the 18th century in Blateshnitsa, Radomir district in Bulgaria.
In 1859 he signed a letter, addressed to the Zograf Monastery as Milenko Blateshnitski.
He is a renowned builder in Mount Athos and in Southwest Bulgaria as well.
He builds mainly churches and residential buildings, but he has been also charged with state building projects.
One of those was the bridge on Struma river near the city of Boboshevo.
It is a beautiful building with two-storey monastic cells, solved in an interesting manner.
There are situated the refectory, the abbotry, the hospital, the book depository (skevofilakija) and the library.
The churches, constructed by Master Milenko were built with a mixed stone and bricks work.
They own rich facade plastic decoration, containing blind arcades and three-coloured arch-like pediments.
All of them are in perfect geometrical proportions and details.
They are among the most beautiful buildings in the Bulgarian Renaissance church architecture.
It was directed by Carmine Gallone and starred Soava Gallone.
He played for KTH Krynica, OWKS Bydgoszcz, and Legia Warsaw during his career.
He also played for the Polish national team at several world championships as well as the 1956 and 1964 Winter Olympics.
He won the Polish hockey league championship eight times in his career, once with Krynica in 1950 and seven times with Legia.
Tung Tak Pawn Shop (), also referred to as Nos.
It was demolished in 2015.
History.
No.
Initially used as a commercial building, it was later used as a pawn shop.
Architecture.
The building was built in the International Modern architectural style popular in the 1930s.
Sparnopolius confusus is a species of bee flies, insects in the family Bombyliidae.
It measures 6-9 mm.
It is found in most of the United States and in part of Mexico.
The Fish River is a river in the Northern Territory of Australia.
It is a tributary of the Daly River which ultimately flows into the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf which is part of the Timor Sea.
The 2013 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship IV was the fifth edition of the EuroHockey Championship IV, the fourth level of the men's European field hockey championships organized by the European Hockey Federation.
It was held in Athens, Greece from 21 to 26 July 2013.
Rome Laboratory (Rome Air Development Center until 1991) is the US "Air Force 'superlab' for command, control, and communications" research and development and is responsible for planning and executing the USAF science and technology program.
Organization.
History.
World War II technical squadrons included the "600 Engrg Sq" (10 Oct 44-30 Oct 44) and the "1 Acft Assembly Sq" (21 Aug 45-6 Nov 45).
Renamed Griffiss Air Force Base on 23 Jan 1948, the World War II installation's buildings were used as post-war offices and laboratories, e.g., for testing units that arrived beginning in 1948 from Pennsylvania's Middletown Air Depot (Griffiss had the "2 Msl Trpt Sq" 26 Jan 48-3 Sep 48.)
The 3171st Electronics Research Group activated on 12 January 1949 under the 2751st Experimental Wing formed during World War II, and the 3180th Weapon Equipment Flight Test organization activated on 4 April 1949.
During the move the 3151st Electronics Group was activated on 14 March 1951.
RADC.
RADC was for USAF "applied research, development and test of electronic air-ground systems such as detection, control, identification and countermeasures, navigation, communications, and data transmission systems, associated components, and related automatic flight equipment".
RADC constructed the Forestport Tower in 1951 for low-frequency communications experiments.
AFCCDD assignment.
In August 1962, RADC established the "AFLC Communications-Electronics Field Office" to monitor missile tests.
A "60-foot-diameter" antenna at the Floyd site built by RADC "particularly to communicate with ECHO II" was dedicated on 30 August 1963.
RTD assignment.
By June 1965, RADC was assigned to AFSC's Research and Technology Division and had a Communications Research Branch (an early 1960s plan to rename RADC to the Air Force Electromagnetics Laboratory was not implemented.)
In the 1970s War On Drugs, RADC COMPASS TRIP research investigated "multispectral reconnaissance techniques to locate opium poppy fields".
ESD assignment.
On 1 September 1975, RADC was reassigned to AFSC's Electronic Systems Division (ESD).
At Hanscom AFB on 1 January 1976, RADC's Detachment 1 was activated for "Electronic Technology" with the personnel and equipment of the 1960 AFCRL's Microwave Physics and Solid State Sciences divisions ("RADC East" colloq.)
In the 1980s and 1990s RADC funded a significant amount of research on software engineering, e.g., the Knowledge Based Software Assistant (KBSA) program.
Rome Laboratory.
In 1990 RADC was redesignated Rome Laboratory which in October 1997 became part of the Air Force Research Laboratory.
Rome Air Development Center annexes.
The unit was rarely engaged in large-scale confrontations during this time.
The wing fought in the Battle of Bulge and Operation Bodenplatte which severely reduced it.
In the last days of the war, it became the only unit to be equipped with the Heinkel He 162 jet fighter.
Formation history.
In May 1939, the organisation of the Luftwaffe was changed.
As a result, a large number of units were re-designated and many command title changes took place.
I.
Its commander was "Oberstleutnant" Carl-August Schumacher.
Their operational area stretched from the Netherlands to Southern Norway.
Reorganization.
I. and II.
IV.
A new III.
"Gruppe" was formed in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, commanded by Major Karl-Heinz Leesmann.
Erich Mix was replaced by Major Hans Philipp as "Geschwaderkommodore".
Organization structure.
It was commanded by a "Geschwaderkommodore", equivalent to a USAAF wing commander or RAF group captain.
A "Geschwaderkommodore" was supposed to have the rank of lieutenant colonel ("Oberstleutnant") or colonel ("Oberst"), but the position could be filled by a relatively junior officer.
Initially most Luftwaffe fighter wings consisted of three groups ("Gruppe"), which were the equivalent of USAAF groups or RAF wings.
Each squadron also had a subordinate headquarters flight ("Stabschwarm") associated with it.
The flights of a squadron were color-coded "Red", "Blue", "Yellow" and "Green".
A "Geschwaderstab" was essentially a Headquarters Unit ("Stabschwarm") for the entire wing.
There were headquarters units also at gruppe level.
This autonomous command defending the coastline was placed under "Oberstleutnant" Carl-August Schumacher.
The "Gruppenstab" was formed on 1 September and placed under the command of "Major" Dr. Erich Mix.
On 15 August 1944, 9.
In September 1941, "Hauptmann" Hans von Hahn's I.
While at Katwijk and Vlissingen, they were assigned the task of coastal defence and protection of shipping routes.
Each training group had its own operating squadron ("Einsatzstaffel") that doubled as a supplemental squadron, consisting of instructors and trainees.
With the addition of a fourth "Staffel" to both I.
"Gruppe" and II.
"Gruppe" on 15 August 1944, the former 7.
"Staffel" of III.
"Gruppe" was renamed to 10.
"Staffel", the 8.
"Staffel" became the 11.
"Staffel", and the 9.
"Staffel" kept its designation.
In mid-1942, II., III.
World War II.
On 5 September 1939, the group returned to Jesau.
The lack of action during the Phoney War period meant that these aircraft, usually in demand by offensive air fleets ("Luftflotte"), were available for defensive roles.
Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Phoney War.
It was commanded by "Major" Hellmuth Reichardt.
I.
Two "Staffeln" of II.
"Gruppe" were based at Nordholz.
A stern attack was dangerous, as the gunners could then target an attacking fighter with a coordinated and concentrated cone of fire.
One weakness also noted was that early types of Wellingtons lacked self-sealing fuel tanks.
This meant if the German fighters hit the wings, the bomber was liable to burn.
Historians Donald Caldwell and Richard R. Muller described the battle as "amongst the most important actions of the entire war."
For several years, the daylight fighter defences over Germany were rarely tested.
Battles in Belgium, France and disbandment.
I.
"Gruppe" was assigned to VIII.
"Fliegerkorps", and based at Gymnich, Erftstadt, North Rhine-Westphalia.
I.
The Wehrmacht began Fall Gelb on 10 May, beginning the Battle of the Netherlands and Battle of Belgium and Battle of France simultaneously.
3.
"Staffel" engaged and claimed its first victory on 11 May in combat with 18 and 53 Squadron of the Royal Air Force.
Only three badly damaged bombers of the original nine returned.
Two Fairey Fox fighters in the same area.
Seven of the unescorted bombers were shot down.
A Westland Lysander, from the BEF, 4 Squadron was claimed shot down.
Following the German armoured breakthrough at Sedan, the 2nd Panzer reached the mouth of the Somme River at Abbeville.
After defeating French Army counterattacks near Cambrai, the Wehrmacht consolidated for an advance on the Channel ports.
The Battle of Boulogne, Siege of Calais and Battle of Dunkirk were fought during the remainder of May.
I.
Fall Rot began the final phase of the Battle of France.
"Fliegerkorps".
I.
"Gruppe" was based at Guise-Nord (Tupigny).
The Armistice of 22 June 1940 ended the campaign on the Western Front for four years.
For reasons that are unknown, I.
I.
"Gruppe" was placed with "Jasta Holland", alongside Stab, II.
The French surrender had made the "Luftverteidigungzone West" irrelevant and most "Jagdgeschwader" were moved to the English Channel.
"Gruppe" was reformed.
The "gruppe" was made up from "staffeln" created in late 1940.
Daylight raids by Bomber Command had ceased by 1941.
The British bomber arm concentrated on rebuilding for the night area offensive as an alternative.
This remained the case from 1940 through to 1942.
The German fighter units faced occasional raids against coastal targets.
One exception to this was an attack by 54 Blenheims on Cologne power stations on 12 August 1941.
From July to December this increased to 20,495 with 416 losses.
There were 4,385 "alarmstarts" in July 1941 and another 4,258 in August.
September saw a reduction to 2,534 and to 2,553 in October before falling to 1,287.
Nevertheless, the fighter wings still retained 430 fighters on 27 September 1941.
At the beginning of 1943 Stab and I.
"Gruppe" were based at Jever.
II.
"Gruppe", in Denmark and southern Norway had 53 (48).
IV.
"Geschwaderkommodore" Erich Mix's wing would spend their time intercepting some RAF Coastal Command and Fighter Command incursions, on top of convoy-patrols along the coast, while waiting for the USAAF heavy bombers.
Hans Ehlers may have been his assailant.
Weights rose, and engine power had to follow to keep pace.
In order to increase compression ratios in their engines, and unable to do so through the use of high-strength alloys and high-octane fuel lacking in Germany, engineers opted for chemical enhancements.
In January 1943, the VIII Bomber Command, redesignated to Eighth Air Force on 22 February 1944, began its offensive over Germany.
In late March 1943, III.
The American Eighth Air Force could field only 100 heavy bombers at one time at this juncture.
On 27 January 1943 the Americans used the clear weather to make their first attack on German soil.
64 B-17 Flying Fortress bombers with another 27 Consolidated B-24 Liberators bombed Wilhelmshaven.
I.
"Gruppe" at Jever was directly under the bomber stream flight path and made attacks in full-strength.
The massed guns of the US bombers killed three German pilots and a fourth was able to bail out.
The American gunners claimed 10.
The B-24 force got lost after crossing the coast near Woensdrecht, Netherlands, and wandered around Dutch skies after turning south.
II. and IV.
"Gruppe" took off and raced northward.
American gunners claimed 12 German fighters.
Total losses for either side were six German and three American, which favoured the Eighth Air Force.
Brigadier General Haywood S. Hansell, commanding the wing remarked, "The enemy's attacks were generally from the rear hemisphere. and level or above.
Their skill was lower than expected based on out experience over occupied France.
More skilful attacks can be expected on the next raid in this area."
The next weeks the Eighth concentrated on U-boat bases in France.
On 4 February they returned to Germany.
65 B-17s and 21 B-24s targeted Hamm.
After circling the target for 90 minutes they eventually found and bombed Emden.
The 91st Bombardment Group lost two B-17s to II.
"Gruppe".
On 4 March the Eighth returned to Hamm.
Hansell, of the 1st Bombardment Wing, explained the US bombers' success as a result of improved gunnery, tight formation, and a "lack of determination by the enemy."
The 54-bomber staggered combat wing defence proved effective against German fighters and became the standard formation in the Eighth Air Force.
Stab, II. and IV. were based at Jever, Husum, and Metz for a period.
The period was characterised by experiments by Luftwaffe units, both official and unofficial, in armament.
Knoke dropped the bomb from above the bombers on 22 March and claimed a B-17 was downed by the explosion.
Only one B-17 fell that day to III.
"Gruppe", but the OKL acclaimed Knocke's story.
Attempts were made by Luftflotte 3 to send 11 bomb-carrying fighters on 16 April against US bombers over Lorient but the operation failed.
Reports of these German tactics by American crews continued for year, long after the Luftwaffe had given up on them.
The experiments with the under-wing WGr 21 rocket launcher proved promising but required time to develop.
"Gruppe" and II.
April 1943 brought organisational changes.
Each had to establish a III.
"Gruppe".
Karl-Heinz Leesmann became the commanding officer until his death on 25 July.
"Gruppe" was moved to Deelen.
The same month brought the first operational US fighter groups to northern Europe.
The Eighth Air Force's P-47 Thunderbolt flew their first combat missions as fighter escort on 4 April.
The Lockheed P-38 Lightning groups were moved to North Africa to replace losses there, leaving few fighter units in Britain.
The US 78th Fighter Group filled the void.
The US 56th Fighter Group and 4th Fighter Group followed soon after.
The P-47 possessed a super-charger, giving it excellent high-altitude performance, and formidable in the dive.
The US fighter carried eight 50 Browning Machine Guns providing it with formidable firepower.
At medium to low altitudes, the type was not manoeuvrable in a dogfight scenario.
What followed was an inconclusive engagement in which both sides claimed (Americans three, Germans two) but in fact no losses were sustained.
The battle showed that even though the Americans held a altitude advantage at the start, the German pilots could escape using a Split S and then turn on to the P-47s tails.
The incident led to a Luftwaffe conference.
These light fighter groups were to be put well forward to engage the enemy when they penetrated German airspace with escort.
Heavier fighters were to remain in the rear, and engage US bombers when the US escorts were fully engaged with lighter German fighters. 16 of the 115 B-17s were lost.
The American losses were small but serious enough that they were losing bombers faster than they could replace them and temporarily cut back on operation over the German bight.
German fighter units were not achieving the desired results either.
To encourage the desired performance and boost their morale, a points system was introduced for decorations.
The pilots in the west resented their colleagues on the Eastern Front who seemed to gain decorations and aerial victory much easier.
The recognition of the difficulty in combating US heavy bombers gave rise to a point-table.
A "Herausschuss" (separation from formation) of a twin-engine bomber was awarded one point, and the same for a four-engine bomber, two points.
The final destruction of a straggler was 0.5 and one point for twin and four-engine types respectively.
One point would earn a pilot the Iron Cross 2nd class, three the Iron Cross first class, ten points the Luftwaffe honour goblet, 20 the German Cross in Gold, and 40, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
The Knight's Cross was worn around a pilots neck, even in battle.
Glory-hungry pilots were said to have "neck rash."
In the Western theatre, where surviving combat with the massed-guns of US bombers and then large numbers of fighter escorts, was a matter of luck, two historians remarked "their necks, in all likelihood continued to itch until their deaths."
In July 1943, the Eighth began "Blitz Week".
On 25th the Americans targeted Hamburg.
II. and III.
"Gruppe" intercepted.
The US 1st Bombardment Wing reported 15 B-17s lost, most after being damaged by the Hamburg defences, the worst ground-fire the US crews reported.
The well-flown 4th Bombardment Wing lost only four in running battles with fighters.
The defenders lost seven fighters, one killed five wounded and two prisoners from a ditched night fighter that were picked up by a Royal Navy craft near the Dutch coast.
The following day, six groups from the 1st Bombardment Wing returned to Hamburg and Hannover.
The 28 July saw I.
"Gruppe" account for three 95th Bombardment Group bombers.
The 29 July was notable for US bomber crews reported "flaming baseballs" being used against their formations.
This was the debut of the Werfer-Granate 21 air-to-air mortar.
II.
"Gruppe" failed to make contact with the inbound bombers and landed to await their return.
I.
"Gruppe" claimed three B-17s destroyed and three separations for no loss.
III.
"Gruppe" claimed one bomber for one loss.
I.
"Gruppe" made a head-on attack in "staffeln" order and then made repeated follow-up attacks.
It claimed six bombers destroyed and separated from formation.
I.
I.
"Gruppe" and JG 50 were the most successful on the day.
Both were awarded six confirmed bombers.
By the end of the fighting, the Germans were as exhausted as the Americans.
The RLV defenders had won an outstanding, if temporary, victory this day.
The Eighth Air Force did not operate over Germany from 6 September.
I., II. and III.
"Gruppe" were committed.
Galland and Erhard Milch rejected the failures stemmed from cowardice exclusively.
Milch suggested the veterans, some highly decorated, were worn out and had poisoned the younger generation.
Galland apparently did not defend them, but promised to "re-check" quality of leadership and determination.
"Geschwaderkommodore" Hans Philipp responded to the insulting directive with the words "I know what I have to do!".
Philipp's replacement was Hermann Graf, the first pilot to reach 200, who wore the Diamonds to the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords.
Graf was seen as a prima donna and media personality.
October 1943 was a crucial stage in the air war.
The Luftwaffe was on the cusp of stopping the USAAF daylight offensive.
I. and II.
"Gruppe".
30 B-17s were shot down along with one escort fighter, but the RLV lost 25 fighters and 12 pilots.
The Second Raid on Schweinfurt took place four days later.
The attack on the US 305th Bombardment Group destroyed 13 out of 16 B-17s prior to the bomb run.
German tactics aided the single-engine fighters.
In three hours and 14 minutes, 60 B-17s were destroyed by the RLV.
The Eighth Air Force recognised the era of unescorted daylight bombing raids into Germany "was dead."
On 3 November the Eighth returned to coastal targets at Wilhelmshaven.
III.
The Luftwaffe's reprieve did not last long into 1944.
The OKL organised and created "Luftflotte Reich".
While the Luftwaffe's organisational changes were cosmetic the USAAF underwent equipment, strategic and organisational changes which it was able to conduct a war of attrition against the German fighter arm in 1944.
On 11 January the Eighth conducted a full-strength mission against Oschersleben, Halberstadt and Brunswick.
I.
It attacked as a unit, from dead astern the bomber stream, at close range and downed three bombers without loss.
It also conducted the standard head-on attack.
II.
The mission was considered an unqualified success.
Overall, the RLVs committal to forward areas covered by US escorts offset the 60 bombers destroyed and five scrapped due to damage.
Morale appeared to be a concern to the OKL.
"Jagddivision" 3 now had I. and II.
The equipment war had changed also.
The G-10 did receive the GM-1 additive to the supercharger which allowed for better high-altitude performance.
The G-10 had only one 20mm gun, with two 13mm machine guns to keep it light.
The arrangement gave the fighter a speed of at .
By the spring, 1944, the quality and numbers of USAAF fighter escorts led to heavy casualties among the German fighter force which no training organisation could cope with.
The losses in the first four months were equal among American and German formations, but the Luftwaffe was losing the qualitative war.
Galland reported in late April, that since the beginning of the year, 1,000 German pilots had been lost, including the best "Staffel", "Gruppe", and "Geschwader" commanders.
He remarked the time had come when the German fighter arm "was in sight of collapse."
Big Week occurred in February 1944 which began the attrition war proper.
The objective was to fulfil the Pointblank directive which included the destruction of the Luftwaffe fighter force.
"Gruppe" in a diving attack through the escort screen and claimed four B-24s while I.
"Gruppe" made a head-on attack and claimed five.
Very few German fighters were able to land on their own bases after the first intercept, and the new directive on assembly airfields was tried.
The senior pilots landed and designated airfields and then led other pilots who landed with serviceable aircraft on second sortie against the withdrawing bombers, despite the mixture of units and equipment.
The US bomber loss was high, but bearable.
The RLV was not as successful on 25 February.
31 US bombers and three US escorts were downed.
The cost to Luftlfotte Reich was 48 fighters, 19 killed, and 20 wounded.
The Eighth had lost 157 bombers during Big Week, and the US Fifteenth Air Force 90.
Bomber Command lost 131 bombers.
Eighth bomber strength fell from 75 to 54 percent, and its fighter groups from 72 to 65.
The RLV lost 355 fighters, reducing it to 50 percent serviceability.
More serious was the loss of almost 100 pilots killed alone.
Though the destruction to German industry had been overstated, the air war had shifted irrevocably to Allied air superiority.
Georg-Peter Eder, who rose to command II.
With his former commanding officer, Egon Mayer, he helped develop the head-on tactics that proved successful against the heavy bombers.
In response to developments in February, later in the month and early in March RLV units pulled back from a forward-defence posture to reduce their vulnerability and enable them to concentrate over threatened targets.
The policy of the Jagdwaffe turned to one of meeting US raids in maximum strength to an unofficial policy of personal survival.
The status of III.
"Gruppe" at this time is unknown and it appears to have been non-operational.
On 6 March 1944 the Eighth hit Berlin.
"Gruppen" into action against the bomber stream.
However, 64 German fighters, including eight killed, 38 missing and 23 wouned was the sum report at the end of the day.
Nearly all of those reported missing initially were actually dead.
Ten B-17s went down in the first wave, and in several waves of attacks on the bombers from multiple directions most of the pilots ended up exhausting their ammunition, resulting in twenty bombers being shot down in the 25 minutes before the escorting P-47s arrived.
A repeat operation on 8 March cost the Americans 37 bombers and 18 fighters, but the RLV lost 42 fighters, three killed, 26 missing and nine wounded.
At the end of April 1944 the Luftwaffe was failing to replace trained dead pilots quickly enough.
"Sturmstaffel" 1 was such a unit, albeit at squadron level.
This independent formation was attached to I.
"Gruppe". 30mm armoured-glass plates were attached to the side of the canopy as a field-solution.
The armoured fighter proved near-invulnerable to US bomber return-fire, but was slow, and unwieldy and consequently, easy targets for US fighters.
The US bomber force lost 36 on the day, with 13 fighters, but 32 RLV fighters were destroyed.
It is said that an order by Galland to Oesau to cease flying arrived the day he was killed.
Only twenty-four hours later, the Eighth targeted the Leuna works.
III.
I.
"Gruppe" failed to attack and returned to Rotenburg to prepare for a second sortie.
II.
The 4th and 354th Fighter Group claimed 33 German fighters.
On 6 June 1944 Operation Overlord, the Normandy landings began, opening the Western Front again.
II.
A repeat operation on 9 June had similar results, but the group was lucky once more to suffer no casualties.
Le Mans was targeted on 10 June over 100 Avro Lancaster and Handley Page Halifax bombers struck Le Mans destroying the landing ground, operations room, three hangars, and several buildings.
On 16 June it moved to Essay and flew patrols for four days.
It moved to Semalle, near Alencon.
Here, the airfield was subjected to a low-level attack by P-51 Mustangs which destroyed everything in sight in a series of coordinated strafing runs.
"Gruppe" were out of the battle.
III "Gruppe" was sent to France in the initial wave but was in such poor condition it did not become operational over Normandy and returned to Germany on 14 June.
Luftwaffe units committed to battle after the D-Day landings suffered further catastrophic losses.
Many experienced and irreplaceable "Experte" were killed during this time.
Piffer had the hollow distinction of being awarded the Knight's Cross posthumously on 20 October, over four months after his death.
His total included 26 four-engine bombers.
The oil famine began to bite in July, and in that months' first week the bomber groups were withdrawn to Germany and disbanded.
On 11 August a general order came through to curtail the use of fuel for operations against heavy bombers only.
Small reinforcements were sent to cover the German army as it was routed and the front in Normandy collapsed, but the 75 single-engined fighters remaining made no difference.
The remnants of the Luftwaffe began to retreat from France.
The inexperienced generation were ill-prepared for combat operations.
III.
"Hauptmann" Hermann Staiger rebuilt the shattered II.
"Gruppe" at Reinsehlen.
It took I.
"Gruppe" ten days to reach Husum from Normandy where it began to rebuild.
I.
The resulting interception was a disaster for the wing.
I.
I. and II.
They succeeded in attacking the unprotected 91st Bombardment Group, 1st Bombardment Division, shooting down four B-17s before the US 356th Fighter Group reacted.
The Eighth Air Force struck at Berlin and all three "gruppen", plus the Stabsschwarm, were airborne for the first time since Normandy.
The III.
"Gruppe" high-protection force could not de-ice their canopies while positioned below the US P-51 escorts. 37 of the wing's fighters were destroyed killing 25 pilots and wounding 14.
The senior RLV wing was removed from the frontline a second time to rebuild.
The D version's power plant was changed from the radial engine of earlier models to an inline 12-cylinder inverted-V liquid-cooled Jumo 213A with MW 50 injection.
The fighter lacked the high rate of roll of its predecessor, but was faster all around, with a maximum speed of at .
The new engine and other alterations to the airframe gave it the performance at high altitude necessary to intercept US heavy bombers and their escort.
In December 1944 the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht and Hitler resolved to improve Germany's military situation with a counter-offensive on the Western Front.
Codenamed "Wacht am Rheine", the Ardennes Offensive.
ULTRA accurately identified a 24-25 "gruppen" force, and suspected 600 to 700 fighters had been brought in from strategic defence of the Reich for the operation that was about to take place.
All three "gruppen" relocated to the Netherlands.
II.
The offensive began on 16 December and for two days, despite bad weather, the Luftwaffe attempted large-scale close air support missions in support of Wehrmacht and Waffen SS ground forces.
In combat with the US Ninth Air Force, the German formations suffered heavily and ground support operations were suspended.
In the battle for air superiority, chances of success remained negligible, given the overwhelming opposition from the US Ninth, Eighth and then RAF Second Tactical Air Force, with approximately 3,500 aircraft between them.
The goal of their operations was to provide cover for the 6th Panzer Army.
They lost six aircraft while claiming two P-47s and one B-17.
Hans Ehlers was among those pilots to down one of the US escorts.
On Christmas Eve, III.
"Gruppe" attempted to intercept RAF bombers between Cologne and Aachen.
One airman, "Leutnant" Hans Halbey claimed a Spitfire, but on returning to base found himself threatened with court-martial by Ihlefeld for landing earlier than anyone else, implying Halbey was guilty of cowardice.
The matter was only dropped on the intervention of other officers.
The following day, Christmas, Halbey's aircraft was shot down though he was able to successfully bail out.
The initial clash resulted in six German fighters being quickly destroyed and though the Americans ultimately claimed 17 in total, 14 are verified via German records.
"Staffel" among them, and experienced pilots.
The Luftwaffe continued to send large numbers into action.
On 27 December, 337 aircraft were sent on fighter-bomber hunt and destroy missions, 78 on further ground-attack operations.
Of these, US airmen claimed 86.
"Gruppe" near Dinant.
P-51s of the 364th Fighter Group destroyed six of them including Ehler's, whose death was a heavy blow to his unit.
I.
"Hauptmann" Georg Hackbarth was appointed Ehler's replacement, but he lasted only a few days.
I.
"Gruppe" was particularly badly shaken.
The OKL attempted to reverse the tide on 1 January 1945 with Operation Bodenplatte.
"Oberstleutnant" Herbert Ihlefeld led the "Geschwader".
Three of the four pilots were killed.
Casualties could have been heavier, had the British anti-aircraft defences of Maldegem airfield not been removed in December.
Stab.
At Maldegem, 16 aircraft were destroyed, and at Ursel only six were lost.
No.
At Ursel, six aircraft were destroyed, including, a B-17, two Avro Lancasters and a De Havilland Mosquito.
Among the pilots lost were several experienced fliers.
In exchange, the Germans shot down two Spitfires, and a further seven forced-landed.
At St. Denijs Westrem 18 Spitfires were destroyed on the ground.
This, in return for approximately 60 enemy aircraft (54 while still on the ground), cannot be considered a complete success, although the damage inflicted at St. Denijs Westrem and Maldegem had been significant.
It is possible a further three were shot down by Spitfires, or perhaps ground fire.
Two Spitfires were shot down and destroyed, with two more damaged.
One pilot from each RAF squadron (308 and 317) was killed.
The total Spitfire losses were perhaps 32.
The following day, the wing once again flew combat missions, losing four pilots.
Fog caused problems for new pilots inexperienced in flying blind, leading to German fighters landing wherever they could.
The move was demonstrative of the dire situation the Luftwaffe now faced in the Ardennes, with the German forces there subjected to increasingly heavy aerial bombardment.
"Oberleutnant" Emil Demuth replaced him and "Major" Werner Zober succeeded Demuth on 12 April.
The retreat had to be undertaken so quickly that ground personnel were left behind.
The wing retreated to Danzig by mid-February 1945.
During this period, and before beginning its conversion to jet aircraft, I "Gruppe" was primarily involved in convoy escort and ground-attack operations in support of the Kriegsmarine's Operation Hannibal.
The "Stabstaffel" was to have 16 fighters, I., II. and III.
Some pilots argued it needed at least another 40 to be a viable weapon and the reception was mixed.
Some were enthusiastic.
They were given 10 and then 20-minute flights.
Concerns were noted on the extreme sensitivity of the controls, the tendency for the fighter to skid and at low speed this was dangerous.
The weak join where the fuselage and wing met was another concern.
The airflow over the twin vertical stabilisers was disrupted by the axial-flow turbojet exhaust forcing the pilot to use ailerons only for turning.
"Gruppe", apparently forgot this flying characteristic and attempted to escape with the ejection seat but broke his neck when the canopy failed to clear sufficiently.
Other pilots noted the jet wash forced the rudders to stick, forcing the aircraft to pitch down and enter a spin akin to a "falling leaf."
A few examples began to trickle through to Parchim from the factories to 1., 2. and 3.
"Staffel".
II.
"Gruppe" was still without the type by the first week of April 1945.
On 11 April II.
I.
"Gruppe" had worked its way up to 13-16 aircraft at this time, 10-12 were operational.
Its 40 pilots was in contrast to II.
I.
"Gruppe" was making approximately ten flights per day.
Combat operations were few as the Western Allied invasion of Germany collapsed the Western Front and the imminent Battle of Berlin brought the war to an end.
Enderle had three B-17s to his credit.
"Oberleutnant" Emil Demuth led his "gruppe" on a retreat to Leck by the Danish border in an attempt to keep it from the British 21st Army Group for as long as possible and to begin operations.
I.
Ten II.
Nevertheless, II.
"Gruppe" moved to Leck on 28 April in a formation of eight to 10 while other pilots travelled by road.
"Leutnant" Hans Rechenberger became one of the few pilots shot down in aerial combat.
He survived the encounter with a Spitfire on 30 April.
On 1 May 1945 Ihlefeld informed the wing of Hitler's death.
He released them from their duty but suggested they stay at Leck until the British arrived and there was apparent universal agreement.
Commanding officers.
Wing commanders.
A full wing was formed only in November 1939.
The first Wing Commander was Schumacher.
Group commanders.
JG 1 thus temporarily ceased to exist.
Rain in July is the first EP by Welsh pop punk band Neck Deep.
Background and production.
Vocalist Ben Barlow met lead guitarist Lloyd Roberts when Barlow's older brother, Seb, was recording the Wrexham hardcore band Spires that Roberts played in.
At the time, Ben Barlow wrote pop punk songs on his own for fun.
On 19 April 2012 the duo posted the song "What Did You Expect?" online under the name Neck Deep. and that was that."
The name comes from the Crucial Dudes' song "Boom, Roasted".
"What Did You Expect?" soon gained attention online.
This resulted in the duo adding guitarist Matt West, who also played in Spires, and drummer Dani Washington, who was aware of Wrexham's local music scene.
Bassist Fil Thorpe-Evans joined shortly after leaving Lincoln post-hardcore band Climates.
"I Couldn't Wait to Leave 6 Months Ago " was posted online on 8 June.
On 11 June, it was announced the band had signed to US label We Are Triumphant.
In July, the band recorded more songs with Seb Barlow in the attic of Ben's home, dubbed Celestial Recordings.
The recordings were then mixed by Michael Fossenkemper at Turtletone Studios.
The EP contains "six songs about girls and one song about posers", according to "Rock Sound"s Ollie Pelling.
Barlow wrote "A Part of Me" when he was 16 "about a girl who I was crazy about."
Release and reception.
"Rain in July" was made available for streaming via AbsolutePunk on 17 September 2012 and was released a day later through We Are Triumphant.
Barlow dubbed the character on the artwork Ned the Head.
The band's sound has elements of The Story So Far and City Lights.
In November, the EP was released on vinyl via Hang Tight.
The band supported With the Punches and Me Vs Hero in the UK in December.
The 3 December date of tour was the band's live debut.
On 20 January 2013 a music video was released for "Over and Over".
It was released to capitalize on the band's popularity at the time.
The band hoped that the new fans that enjoyed "Wishful Thinking" "will enjoy the chance to check these songs out now that we've had a chance to improve how they sound!"
"Rock Sound" reviewer Ollie Pelling wrote that despite "looking distinctly average on paper, Neck Deep are more than distinctly average."
He mentioned that listeners "won't find many bands writing better pop-punk hooks".
He ended with calling the EP "derivative, but there's enough passion, energy and talent here to make it count."
Dorcadion gebzeense is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1974.
Marcus James North (born 28 July 1979) is a former Australian first-class cricketer who played 21 Test matches and two One Day Internationals (ODIs) for the Australian national side.
Born in Melbourne, North grew up in Western Australia, attending Kent Street Senior High School as part of their Specialist Cricket Program, and was a successful junior cricketer, entering the Australian Cricket Academy and playing under-19 cricket for Australia.
He made his first-class debut for the Academy in 1999, and his debut for the Western Australian cricket team the same year.
A left-handed batsman, part-time right-arm off-break bowler and fields at either 1st or 3rd slip, North made his Test debut for Australia in February 2009, scoring a century on debut against South Africa.
Upon the entry of the Perth Scorchers into the newly created Big Bash League, North was appointed the team's captain.
However, in October 2012, North resigned as captain of both WA and the Scorchers to concentrate on his playing career.
After his retirement North moved to the north east of England to play cricket at South Northumberland Cricket Club.
As of 2018, he is director of cricket at Durham.
Youth career.
North played junior cricket together with Mike Hussey at the Wanneroo Districts Cricket Club between 1994 and 1996.
North had a very successful junior career that included playing for several Academy and national junior sides.
North posted scores of 200 not out and 132 in a youth Test match against Pakistan in 1997.
He made his first-class debut for the Australian Cricket Academy against a Matabeleland Invitation XI in Bulawayo during the Academy's tour of Zimbabwe in 1999.
Domestic career.
North made his Pura Cup debut for Western Australia against Victoria in 1999.
In October 2006, North and Chris Rogers compiled a record domestic third wicket partnership of 459 against Victoria at the WACA Ground in Perth, Western Australia, making his highest score of 239 not out in the process.
In February 2007, North finished second to Rogers in the voting for Australia's best state player.
However injuries hampered his first season as captain, restricting him to only four first-class matches and three one-day matches.
North first played in England for Gateshead Fell in the North East Premier League in 2000.
He also played some Natwest Trophy games for Durham Cricket Board.
In the following season, North signed as the professional player for Colne Cricket Club in the Lancashire League.
He returned to Gateshead Fell for the 2002 and 2003 seasons before signing to play county cricket for Durham as a replacement for Herschelle Gibbs.
The following season he replaced Brad Hodge at Lancashire when Hodge was selected to be part of the Australia's 2005 Ashes series squad, and in 2006 he replaced Travis Birt at Derbyshire when Birt was selected in the Australia A side.
North was signed as a replacement for New Zealander Hamish Marshall at Gloucestershire at the start of the 2007 county season.
Despite only playing five matches he managed three centuries one of which won him the Walter Lawrence Trophy, the award for scoring for fastest century during the English season.
He returned to Gloucestershire for the 2008 season, but played for Hampshire in the early County Championship season as a replacement for Imran Tahir.
He has now signed a two-year deal for 2012 and 2013 as an overseas player for Glamorgan, becoming the first player to play first-class cricket for six different counties.
He has been appointed Glamorgans' one day captain for the 2013 season.
International career.
On 5 February 2009, North was called up to the Australia squad to face South Africa during Australia's tour of South Africa.
North was selected to make his Test debut against South Africa in the First Test at the New Wanderers Stadium at Johannesburg, becoming the 409th Australian to earn a Test cap.
He made his debut alongside fellow debutants Phillip Hughes and Ben Hilfenhaus.
North scored his maiden Test century 117 runs in his first Test innings, becoming the first West Australian and the eighteenth Australian to score a century in his first Test, and the first Australian to do so against South Africa.
In this match, North also claimed his first Test wicket, dismissing South African tailender Paul Harris.
On 11 July 2009, during the First Ashes Test of 2009, at Sophia Gardens in Cardiff, North scored his second Test century in his third Test match, 125 not out, sharing in a 200 run partnership with Brad Haddin, who also scored his second Test century in this innings.
In the second innings of the Third Test, North made 96 in a 185 run partnership with Michael Clarke to help Australia secure a draw.
He scored 110 in the fourth Ashes Test at Headingley, hitting a six to bring up his century.
During the First Test against Pakistan at Lords in July 2010, North took a Test-best haul of 6-55 in Pakistan's second innings, doubling his career test wickets tally in the process.
Career best performances.
The New World Centre () was a retail-hotel-residential-office complex on Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
It housed two hotels (InterContinental Hong Kong, now closed for renovation in order to rebrand as Regent Hong Kong in 2022, and the now-demolished Renaissance Kowloon), two office towers, a shopping complex and serviced apartments.
It was reported to be one of the largest commercial complexes in the world at the time.
It used to house a Tokyu Department Store.
It was located near the Sogo department store and the Hong Kong Space Museum, opposite the MTR East Tsim Sha Tsui station.
It was closed on 31 March 2010 for demolition.
She competed for Chile in discus at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
It has similarity to "Burykhia" from Ediacaran (Vendian) siliciclastic sediments exposed on the Syuzma River of Arkhangelsk Oblast, northwest Russia.
This fossil is of the form of an elongate bag-like sandstone cast (Nama-type preservation) tapering to a cone on one end.
This includes collaboration between people from both industries and projects resulting in products such as video games, film adaptations of video games, among other things.
History. 1980s.
Video games have also been adapted into films, beginning in the early 1980s.
There exist Original Video Animations (OVAs) based on popular games such as ', "Halo Legends", "" which may be released direct-to-video. 1990s.
"The 10th Planet" which was scheduled to be released in October 1997 was canceled.
The game was a collaboration between Bethesda Softworks and Centropolis Entertainment(film production company founded by Roland Emmerich and Dean Devlin).
Christopher Weaver, the founder of Bethesda was introduced to Devlin and Emmerich through mutual friends.
In 1993, "Super Mario Bros." was released, a film loosely based on the Mario video game series by Nintendo.
The film was poorly received by critics.
Steven Spielberg proposed the concept for the first "Medal of Honor" video game in the spring of 1997. 2000s.
In 2000, Lionsgate CEO and Vice Chairman at the time Jon Feltheimer as well as Dean Devlin joined ZeniMax Media as company advisors.
Also that year, Sam Simon joined ZeniMax as President of e-Nexus Studios.
In 2002, Vin Diesel formed his own development studio, Tigon Studios.
In October 2005, Steven Spielberg and Electronic Arts partnered to develop 3 video games.
In December 2007, Jerry Bruckheimer announced plans to partner with MTV to create a new game studio.
Bruckheimer previously joined ZeniMax's board of directors the same year and has since showed up at several launch parties for Bethesda Softworks titles including "Fallout 3", ', and '.
In 2009, Bruckheimer unveiled Jerry Bruckheimer Games headed by former Microsoft Studios Publishing Executive Producer Jim Veevaert as president of production and Jay Cohen, previously Ubisoft's vice president of U.S. publishing, as president of development. 2010s.
In 2011 it was rumored that Jerry Bruckheimer Games was working on three titles, but nothing came out of it ever since.
In March 2013 Jerry Bruckheimer Games was closed.
Although Jerry Bruckheimer Games is closed, Bruckheimer still remained a ZeniMax board member, mostly due to being a close associate of former ZeniMax President Ernest Del until Microsoft bought ZeniMax in 2021.
In February 2015, Lionsgate made a significant investment in Telltale Games.
As part of the deal, Feltheimer joined Telltale's board of directors. 2020s.
In July 2020, a Fallout TV series was announced as in development by Amazon, based on the video game series of the same name.
The series is created by Lisa Joy and Jonathan Nolan for Amazon Prime Video.
The duo will also be writing and executive producing the series with their production company, Kilter Films, working alongside Bethesda Softworks and Bethesda Game Studios.
Alongside Joy and Nolan, Kilter Films' Athena Wickham, Bethesda Softworks' James Altman, and Bethesda Game Studios' Todd Howard will also be executive producing the series.
Syed Zaigham Hussain Zaidi was a Pakistani photographer.
He made his mark working with the Daily Jang in Rawalpindi and later with the Pakistan Times and daily Musawat.
He was also the personal photographer of the late Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto when they held the office of prime minister.
He migrated to Pakistan in 1947 from his home town of Muzaffarnagar in India's Uttar Pradesh state.
Zaidi was given the President's Pride of Performance award in 1991 for his contribution to the profession of photojournalism.
Some of his best pictures related to the period of President Ayub Khan, Pakistan's 1965 war with India, the 1970 elections, Mr Bhutto's tenure as prime minister, the 1972 Shimla peace accord between Pakistan and India and the 1974 Islamic summit conference held in Lahore.
The Best of Bread, Volume 2 is a 1974 compilation album by the band Bread.
Track listing.
The gens Sellia or Selia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.
Members of this gens are mentioned in the time of Cicero, but none of them attained any of the higher offices of the Roman state.
Praenomina.
The main praenomina of the Sellii were "Lucius" and "Gaius", the two most common names throughout all periods of Roman history.
Other names regularly used by this gens included "Sextus", "Marcus", "Publius", and "Quintus", all of which were also quite common.
Meirionnydd Nant Conwy was a constituency of the National Assembly for Wales between 1999 and 2007.
It elected one Assembly Member by the first past the post method of election.
Also, however, it was one of eight constituencies in the Mid and West Wales electoral region, which elected four additional members, in addition to eight constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Boundaries.
The constituency was created for the first election to the Assembly, in 1999, with the name and boundaries of the Meirionnydd Nant Conwy Westminster constituency.
It was partly within the preserved county of Clwyd and partly within the preserved county of Gwynedd.
The constituency was abolished following boundary changes for the 2007 Assembly elections.
The other seven constituencies of the region were Brecon and Radnorshire, Carmarthen East and Dinefwr, Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion, Llanelli, Montgomeryshire and Preseli Pembrokeshire.
Voting.
In elections for the National Assembly for Wales, each voter has two votes.
The first vote may be used to vote for a candidate to become the Assembly Member for the voter's constituency, elected by the first past the post system.
The second vote may be used to vote for a regional closed party list of candidates.
WENI-FM (92.7 MHz) is an American radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to serve the community of South Waverly, Pennsylvania (located south of Waverly, New York).
Starting in early 2010, the then-WPHD moved to Comfort Hill in Ashland, New York, just south of Elmira.
WENI-FM is located on the same radio tower as Elmira-licensed WCBF.
WENI-FM now has one of the strongest signals in Chemung County, New York, and the greater Elmira area.
At one time, the call sign WPHD was assigned to FM station WMTT (94.7 FM) in Tioga, Pennsylvania, but changed in 2005.
WMTT remains a sister station of WPHD.
WMTT is co-located within the WPHD studios located on Chemung Street in Horseheads, New York.
In 2017, owner Europa Communications filed to swap the license for WPHD to Sound Communications in exchange for the license to WENY-FM.
The station swap was consummated on November 15, 2017, along with the formats.
Additionally, the stations swapped call signs on November 20, 2017.
On December 8, 2017, WENY-FM moved from 96.1 FM to 92.7 FM.
The station swapped call signs with its Big Flats, New York-based sister station on December 27, 2017, assuming the WENI-FM call sign.
The trade was largely a legal fiction to allow both stations to swap cities of license and allow each station's respective owners to make potential expansions (as Europa's stations were mostly rimshots that did not count toward FCC ownership caps the same way in-market stations do).
The Sira curassow (Pauxi koepckeae) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae.
It is found in the Cerros del Sira in central Peru.
Its natural habitat is tropical, moist, montane cloud forest. to replace the previous 'horned curassow', in 2012 this proposal was adopted by most of her colleagues.
Taxonomy and systematics.
In 1969 two birds, a male and female, were discovered in Peru which resembled horned curassow.
However they were found a long way from the previous "P. unicornis" discoveries in Bolivia.
These Peruvian specimens were described by John Weske and John Terborgh in 1971 as a new subspecies of "P. unicornis" which they named in honour of Maria Koepcke.
Many different suggestions have been regarding species status since their discovery.
Some suggestions relate to the grouping of species and subspecies within the genus "Pauxi".
In 1943 Wetmore and Phelps described a new subspecies of the closely related "P. pauxi" called "P. p. gilliardi".
When Wetmore and Phelps looked at the three "Pauxi" forms known at the time, they concluded that "P. p. gilliardi" was an intermediate form between "P. pauxi" and "P. unicornis".
As a result of this they grouped all three forms into a single species with "unicornis" becoming a subspecies of "pauxi".
This position was subsequently rejected by Charles Vaurie who argued that "P. pauxi" and "P. unicornis" were not conspecific.
When Weske and Terborgh discovered the subspecies "koepckeae" they concluded "pauxi" and "unicornis" should be considered separate species, which has been followed by all subsequent authors.
Other taxonomic suggestions discuss whether the genus "Pauxi" should stand alone or be grouped with other genera.
Just two years later Charles Vaurie opposed this 'lumping' of species and argued that "Pauxi", "Mitu", "Crax" and "Nothocrax" should each be their own genera.
Not content with either of these two options Delacour and Amadon suggested that "Pauxi" and "Mitu" should indeed be grouped with "Crax", but that "Nothocrax" was distinct enough to be its on genus.
Many subsequent authors followed Vaurie, Delacour and Amadon in having "Nothocrax" as a sister clade to "Pauxi", "Mitu" and "Crax", while most have followed Vaurie in having the three other clades as three distinct genera.
Mitochondrial analysis conducted in 2004 suggests that "P. unicornis" is a sister species to "Mitu tuberosum", while the other "Pauxi" species, "P. pauxi", is sister to the combined "Mitu" and "P. unicornis" clade.
This means the genus "Pauxi" is not monophyletic but paraphyletic, and to resolve this parsimoniously the genus "Pauxi" should be sunk into synonymy with "Mitu".
The paraphyly of "Pauxi" could be due to incomplete lineage sorting, where a gene tree is inconsistent with its species tree, however this phenomenon should be less prevalent in deep phylogenetic splits (i.e. between genera).
Because of this, Pereira "et al." conclude incomplete lineage sorting is unlikely to account for the paraphyletic genus "Pauxi" because, according to their own analysis, "Mitu" and "Pauxi" diverged approximately 6.5mya.
Note that Pereira "et al." were not working with any samples of "P. koepckeae".
A study from 2011 suggests that "P. koepckeae" be raised to species status as opposed to subspecies based on vocal, behavioural, ecological, and morphological differences.
"P. koepckeae" is only known from a very small geographic area and a small number of specimens (only 3, as of 2009).
According to a website, as of 2015, there are only two photos of the birds in existence, although this is incorrect.
Description.
According to Weske "et al. ", based on a single individual bird, the Sira curassow is very similar morphologically to the horned curassow, however the casque is less erect and more rounded (ellipsoidal instead of elongated cone).
Additionally the outer tail feathers have narrower white tips and the four central tail feather completely lack white colouring, although this last characteristic appears to be very variable and perhaps not diagnostic.
Conservation.
The Sira curassow is listed as critically endangered by BirdLife International for the IUCN as they believe it is threatened by habitat destruction and is hunted for meat.
This is not actually stated in her report, instead it is estimated that outside of breeding season the birds occur at a density of less than one bird per over an area encompassing at least the four known areas of occurrence, within of each other (thus a minimum of , thus maximum of 900 birds).
The 2016 IUCN assessment estimates that the extent of occurrence is (apparently all within the El Sira Communal Reserve), although it is unclear where this number comes from.
The North London Championships also known as the Gipsy Championships or simply Gipsy was a combined men's and women's grass court tennis tournament founded as the Gipsy Lawn Tennis Tournament in 1894.
The tournament was held at the Gipsy Lawn Tennis Club, Stamford Hill, London, England until 1930.
History.
The North London Championships were established in 1894.
The tournament was staged at the Gipsy Lawn Tennis Club, continuously until 1915, it was discontinued because of World War I.
The Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil Museum is a museum in Giza, Egypt.
It is located in a palace built in the early 20th century.
History.
The museum was opened on 23 July 1962, and dedicated to the memory of Mohammed Mahmoud Khalil Pasha and his wife Emiline Lock.
The palace was returned to museum use in 1993.
Collection.
Among the great artists works endowed by Mohammed Mahmoud Khalil and his wife are those of Paul Gauguin, Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Auguste Rodin and Vincent van Gogh.
The Museum houses a fine collection of Impressionist paintings, mainly collected before 1928, which alone rivals most European National Collections.
Art thefts.
A van Gogh painting known both as "Poppy Flowers", also known as "Vase and Flowers" and "Vase with Viscaria" was cut from its frame and stolen from the museum in August 2010.
Several members of Egypt's Ministry of Culture, including Deputy Minister of Culture Mohsen Shaalan, faced criminal charges as a result of the theft, with prosecutors arguing that they created or perpetuated the conditions that allowed the crime to occur.
Previously, the painting had been stolen from the museum's temporary location in 1978, and recovered 10 years later in Kuwait.
William Clifford Roberts (born September 11, 1932) was an American physician specializing in cardiac pathology.
He was a Master of the American College of Cardiology, a leading cardiovascular pathologist, and the former editor of both the American Journal of Cardiology and the Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.
Background and early education.
William C. Roberts was born in Atlanta, Georgia on September 11, 1932, the second of three sons to Stewart Ralph Roberts and Ruby Viola Holbrook.
His father Stewart was a prominent faculty physician for Emory University Medical Center, attending patients alongside his mother who served as his nurse.
Roberts attended public schools in Avendale, Georgia, and then Atlanta, Georgia from the 5th grade onward.
Roberts describes himself as a below-average student until 9th grade when an algebra teacher motivated him to pursue greater academic achievement.
In 1937, Stewart Roberts suffered a heart attack which disabled him until his death in 1941.
Though this event would later come to cast great influence on Roberts' career, his initial undergraduate studies at Southern Methodist University were in English with aims toward a career in business.
During this time, Roberts also joined the fraternity Phi Delta Theta.
By junior year, Roberts' ambitions had shifted to medicine in earnest.
In 1954, Roberts graduated early from Southern Methodist University with a bachelor's degree in the arts, having been accepted to Emory University's School of Medicine.
To earn money, Roberts worked for the National Forest Service for the three months between college and medical school.
Early in his medical school training, Roberts proved to be a gifted anatomist and earned a prestigious thoracic surgery externship at Walter Reed Army Medical Center before graduating Emory in 1958 with his medical doctorate.
Medical career.
Postgraduate Training.
After graduating from Emory, and despite his previous experiences in anatomy and surgery, Roberts served as an intern in medicine at Boston City Hospital before pursuing a 3-year residency in anatomic pathology at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.
It was here, working with attending physicians such as Glenn Morrow and Eugene Braunwald that his career began to focus on cardiovascular pathology, and he focused his training exclusively on autopsies and surgical pathology.
He also began reading the works of Jesse Edwards, which he credits with helping to develop both his style of writing and strong interests in medical authorship and publications.
He next served as a resident on the Osler Medical Service at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore before spending an additional year as a fellow in cardiovascular disease at the National Institutes of Health.
This extensive training conferred upon Roberts unique credentials both as an anatomic pathologist and a clinically trained cardiologist.
National Institutes of Health.
From July, 1964 to March, 1993, Roberts served as the first head of the newly created pathology section at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, a division of the National Institutes of Health.
Here, he continued to work with notable cardiac physicians including Eugene Braunwald, Willis Hurst, and Glenn Morrow.
Federal money for cardiovascular research, a national priority since the conclusion of World War II allowed for rapid expansion of the program.
Roberts soon had 3 pathology fellows per year working with him, and he worked long hours alongside them - usually six nights per week.
The pathology section of the NHLBI was substantial but in Roberts' first year only 25 cardiac specimens were available for study.
Determined to catalog the largest possible collection of anatomic cardiac pathology, Roberts personally canvassed more than a dozen institutions each month to collect heart specimens which he would examine and return with completed autopsy results to their parent institutions.
Among those hospitals contributing to his collections were Georgetown, George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center and Johns Hopkins Hospital as well as the Washington, D.C.
Veteran's Affairs hospital and National Naval Medical Center.
Collectively, Roberts was soon studying more than 50 hearts per month, a twenty-fivefold increase over those available from the NIH alone.
Despite major achievements by the institution in the understanding of cardiovascular diseases, Roberts was frustrated by growing difficulties attracting pathologists interested in cardiovascular disease.
These difficulties were compounded by the closure of the NIH cardiac surgery program in 1987, greatly limiting the quantity and diversity of pathology available for study.
Baylor University Medical Center.
Working in a laboratory built for him by the hospital, he continues to study cardiac pathology and has published more than 300 articles since.
He is also an active participant in the ongoing training of cardiovascular disease and pathology fellows.
Academic contributions.
Journal articles.
Roberts published over 1600 articles, almost all of them in peer-reviewed publications.
The majority of his original scientific publications focused on anatomic aspects of cardiovascular disease.
In addition, Roberts wrote or co-authored a number of articles discussing risk factors and risk-factor management in cardiovascular disease.
As editor for both the "Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings" and "The American Journal of Cardiology", Roberts published a number of editorials discussing current trends in cardiovascular medicine.
Books.
Roberts wrote or co-wrote 11 individual titles.
Each of these books summarized the major achievements and discoveries in cardiology for their respective years.
Organizational Contributions to Medicine.
American College of Cardiology.
Roberts was actively involved in the leadership of the American College of Cardiology from 1971-1982 in the capacities listed below.
American Heart Association.
Roberts was actively involved in a number of activities for the American Heart Association including serving as a reviewer for their annual scientific sessions.
He was also a fellow of the Council of Clinical Cardiology since 1971 and, since July 1994 was a member of the Dallas AHA affiliate's board of trustees.
Williamsburg Conference on Heart Disease.
Each year since 1973, Roberts served as chief administrator and host of an annual course in cardiology held in Williamsburg, Virginia.
Attendees were from across the country and attend three days of sessions on varying current topics in cardiology, each led by a noted expert in the relevant field.
Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.
In April, 1994, Roberts was appointed as editor of the "Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings", a peer-reviewed and PubMed-indexed periodical of primarily regional interest in North Texas.
Roberts himself contributed a column to each issue entitled "Facts and Ideas from Anywhere", an homage to one of the guiding principles he ascribes to his colleague Eugene Braunwald.
American Journal of Cardiology.
Roberts was appointed to chair the publications committee of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) in 1976 by then-president Dean Mason, and continued to serve in this position for the next six years.
In 1982, the publisher of the "American Journal of Cardiology" and the ACC, the organization which had founded it, parted ways.
The ACC went on to form the "Journal of the American College of Cardiology" ("JACC") and took with it editor Simon Dack, leaving the "AJC" without an editor.
Roberts was tapped to fill this position and readily accepted.
He held the editor-in-chief position continuously ever since until shortly before his death.
Roberts stated that his goals as editor-in-chief were to increase the "fun" of authorship and help encourage authors to contribute meaningful information to the sphere of cardiology while minimizing the political complexities associated with the process of academic publication.
The competition is governed by the Cape Verdean Football Federation (FCF).
The national championship winner competes with the cup winner, in the 2014 edition, the 2013 super cup winner played with the 2014 national champion.
The first super cup competition began in 2013 which took place on 1 May and the last one took place in 2014 which took place on 30 April.
The regional champion competes with the cup champion.
Sometimes, if a champion also has a cup title, a cup club who is runner-up qualifies which never did. since 2017, it is the only competition of any level where a cup-runner up never competed.
Planning for the Super Cup began at the start of 2010 and scheduling was completed in 2012.
Only three clubs participated, CD Onze Unidos, Sporting Praia and CS Mindelense.
Sporting and Mindelense are the only Super Cup winners with each having a title.
Sporting Praia was the only club who competed twice.
The only super cup goal was scored in the 2014 edition.
Borzyn () is a rural locality (a village) in Gorod Vyazniki, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia.
The population was 36 as of 2010.
Geography.
Brevoort Lake is a lake in Mackinac County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
Much of the lake's sandy shoreline is owned by the National Forest Service as part of Hiawatha National Forest.
In summer months, the National Forest operates Brevoort Lake Campground and the adjacent Brevoort Lake Recreation Area, a beach with boat-launch facilities, on and adjacent to a narrow, sandy peninsula that separates most of the lake from Boedne Bay.
A fee is charged for use of the campground.
Game fish species occurring in the lake include walleye, northern pike, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, crappies, muskellunge, and sunfish.
The lake's surveyed elevation is above sea level.
Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) are nuclear explosions conducted for non-military purposes.
Proposed uses include excavation for the building of canals and harbours, electrical generation, the use of nuclear explosions to drive spacecraft, and as a form of wide-area fracking.
PNEs were an area of some research from the late 1950s into the 1980s, primarily in the United States and Soviet Union.
In the U.S., a series of tests were carried out under Project Plowshare.
Some of the ideas considered included blasting a new Panama Canal, constructing the proposed Nicaragua Canal, the use of underground explosions to create electricity (project PACER), and a variety of mining, geological, and radionuclide studies.
The largest of the excavation tests was carried out in the Sedan nuclear test in 1962, which released large amounts of radioactive gas into the air.
By the late 1960s, public opposition to Plowshare was increasing, and a 1970s study of the economics of the concepts suggested they had no practical use.
Plowshare saw decreasing interest from the 1960s, and was officially cancelled in 1977.
The Soviet program started a few years after the U.S. efforts and explored many of the same concepts under their Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy program.
The program was more extensive, eventually conducting 239 nuclear explosions.
Some of these tests also released radioactivity, including a significant release of plutonium into the groundwater and the polluting of an area near the Volga River.
A major part of the program in the 1970s and 80s was the use of very small bombs to produce shock waves as a seismic measuring tool, and as part of these experiments, two bombs were successfully used to seal blown-out oil wells.
The program officially ended in 1988.
As part of ongoing arms control efforts, both programs came to be controlled by a variety of agreements.
Most notable among these is the 1976 Treaty on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (PNE Treaty).
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996 prohibits all nuclear explosions, regardless of whether they are for peaceful purposes or not.
Since that time the topic has been raised several times, often as a method of asteroid impact avoidance.
Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty.
The parties also reaffirmed their obligations to comply fully with the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963.
The parties reserve the right to carry out nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes in the territory of another country if requested to do so, but only in full compliance with the yield limitations and other provisions of the PNE Treaty and in accord with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Articles IV and V of the PNE Treaty set forth the agreed verification arrangements.
In addition to the use of national technical means, the treaty states that information and access to sites of explosions will be provided by each side, and includes a commitment not to interfere with verification means and procedures.
The protocol to the PNE Treaty sets forth the specific agreed arrangements for ensuring that no weapon-related benefits precluded by the Threshold Test Ban Treaty are derived by carrying out a nuclear explosion used for peaceful purposes, including provisions for use of the hydrodynamic yield measurement method, seismic monitoring, and on-site inspection.
The agreed statement that accompanies the treaty specifies that a "peaceful application" of an underground nuclear explosion would not include the developmental testing of any nuclear explosive.
Operation Plowshare was the name of the U.S. program for the development of techniques to use nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes.
Twenty-eight nuclear blasts were detonated between 1961 and 1973.
One of the first U.S. proposals for peaceful nuclear explosions that came close to being carried out was Project Chariot, which would have used several hydrogen bombs to create an artificial harbor at Cape Thompson, Alaska.
It was never carried out due to concerns for the native populations and the fact that there was little potential use for the harbor to justify its risk and expense.
There was also talk of using nuclear explosions to excavate a second Panama Canal, as well as an alternative to the Suez Canal.
The largest excavation experiment took place in 1962 at the Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site.
The Sedan nuclear test carried out as part of Operation Storax displaced 12 million tons of earth, creating the largest man-made crater in the world, generating a large nuclear fallout over Nevada and Utah.
Three tests were conducted in order to stimulate natural gas production, but the effort was abandoned as impractical because of cost and radioactive contamination of the gas.
There were many negative impacts from Project Plowshare's 27 nuclear explosions.
For example, the Project Gasbuggy site, located east of Farmington, New Mexico, still contains nuclear contamination from a single subsurface blast in 1967.
Other consequences included blighted land, relocated communities, tritium-contaminated water, radioactivity, and fallout from debris being hurled high into the atmosphere.
The Soviet Union conducted a much more vigorous program of 239 nuclear tests, some with multiple devices, between 1965 and 1988 under the auspices of Program No.
The initial program was patterned on the U.S. version, with the same basic concepts being studied.
One test, Chagan test in January 1965, has been described as a "near clone" of the U.S. Sedan shot.
Detection of the plume over Japan led to accusations by the U.S. that the Soviets had carried out an above-ground test in violation of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, but these charges were later dropped.
The later, and more extensive, "Deep Seismic Sounding" Program focused on the use of much smaller explosions for various geological uses.
Some of these tests are considered to be operational, not purely experimental.
These included the use of peaceful nuclear explosions to create deep seismic profiles.
Compared to the usage of conventional explosives or mechanical methods, nuclear explosions allow the collection of longer seismic profiles (up to several thousand kilometres).
Alexey Yablokov has stated that all PNE technologies have non-nuclear alternatives and that many PNEs actually caused nuclear disasters.
Reports on the successful Soviet use of nuclear explosions in extinguishing out-of-control gas well fires were widely cited in United States policy discussions of options for stopping the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Other nations.
Germany at one time considered manufacturing nuclear explosives for civil engineering purposes.
In the early 1970s a feasibility study was conducted for a project to build a canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Qattara Depression in the Western Desert of Egypt using nuclear demolition.
The Smiling Buddha, India's first explosive nuclear device, was described by the Indian Government as a peaceful nuclear explosion.
In Australia, nuclear blasting was proposed as a way of mining iron ore in the Pilbara.
Civil engineering and energy production.
Apart from their use as weapons, nuclear explosives have been tested and used, in a similar manner to chemical high explosives, for various non-military uses.
These have included large-scale earth moving, isotope production and the stimulation and closing-off of the flow of natural gas.
At the peak of the Atomic Age, the United States initiated Operation Plowshare, involving "peaceful nuclear explosions".
The United States Atomic Energy Commission chairman announced that the Plowshare project was intended to "highlight the peaceful applications of nuclear explosive devices and thereby create a climate of world opinion that is more favorable to weapons development and tests".
The Operation Plowshare program included 27 nuclear tests designed towards investigating these non-weapon uses from 1961 through 1973.
Due to the inability of the U.S. physicists to reduce the fission fraction of low-yield (approximately 1 kiloton) nuclear devices that would have been required for many civil engineering projects, when long-term health and clean-up costs from fission products were included in the cost, there was virtually no economic advantage over conventional explosives except for potentially the very largest projects.
The Qattara Depression Project was developed by Professor Friedrich Bassler during his appointment to the West German ministry of economics in 1968.
He put forth a plan to create a Saharan lake and hydroelectric power station by blasting a tunnel between the Mediterranean Sea and the Qattara Depression in Egypt, an area that lies below sea level.
The core problem of the entire project was the water supply to the depression.
Calculations by Bassler showed that digging a canal or tunnel would be too expensive, therefore Bassler determined that the use of nuclear explosive devices, to excavate the canal or tunnel, would be the most economical.
The Egyptian government declined to pursue the idea.
The Soviet Union conducted a much more exhaustive program than Plowshare, with 239 nuclear tests between 1965 and 1988.
Furthermore, many of the "tests" were considered economic applications, not tests, in the Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy program.
These included a 30 kilotons explosion being used to close the Uzbekistani "Urtabulak" gas well in 1966 that had been blowing since 1963, and a few months later a 47 kilotons explosive was used to seal a higher-pressure blowout at the nearby "Pamuk" gas field.
Devices that produced the highest proportion of their yield via fusion-only reactions are possibly the Taiga Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions of the 1970s.
Terraforming.
In 2015, billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk popularized an approach in which the cold planet Mars could be terraformed by the detonation of high-fusion-yielding thermonuclear devices over the mostly dry-ice icecaps on the planet.
Musk's specific plan would not be very feasible within the energy limitations of historically manufactured nuclear devices (ranging in kilotons of TNT-equivalent), therefore requiring major advancement for it to be considered.
In part due to these problems, the physicist Michio Kaku (who initially put forward the concept) instead suggests using nuclear reactors in the typical land-based district heating manner to make isolated tropical biomes on the Martian surface.
Alternatively, as nuclear detonations are presently somewhat limited in terms of "demonstrated" achievable yield, the use of an off-the-shelf nuclear explosive device could be employed to "nudge" a Martian-grazing comet toward a pole of the planet.
Impact would be a much more efficient scheme to deliver the required energy, water vapor, greenhouse gases, and other biologically significant volatiles that could begin to quickly terraform Mars.
Physics.
The discovery and synthesis of new chemical elements by nuclear transmutation, and their production in the necessary quantities to allow study of their properties, was carried out in nuclear explosive device testing.
The rapid capture of so many neutrons required in the synthesis of einsteinium would provide the needed direct experimental confirmation of the so-called r-process, the multiple neutron absorptions needed to explain the cosmic nucleosynthesis (production) of all chemical elements heavier than nickel on the periodic table in supernova explosions, before beta decay, with the r-process explaining the existence of many stable elements in the universe.
The worldwide presence of new isotopes from atmospheric testing beginning in the 1950s led to the 2008 development of a reliable way to detect art forgeries.
Paintings created after that period may contain traces of caesium-137 and strontium-90, isotopes that did not exist in nature before 1945.
(Fission products were produced in the natural nuclear fission reactor at Oklo about 1.7 billion years ago, but these decayed away before the earliest known human painting.)
Both climatology and particularly aerosol science, a subfield of atmospheric science, were largely created to answer the question of how far and wide fallout would travel.
Similar to radioactive tracers used in hydrology and materials testing, fallout and the neutron activation of nitrogen gas served as a radioactive tracer that was used to measure and then help model global circulations in the atmosphere by following the movements of fallout aerosols.
After the Van Allen Belts surrounding Earth were discovered about in 1958, James Van Allen suggested that a nuclear detonation would be one way of probing the magnetic phenomenon, data obtained from the August 1958 Project Argus test shots, a high-altitude nuclear explosion investigation, were vital to the early understanding of Earth's magnetosphere.
Soviet nuclear physicist and Nobel peace prize recipient Andrei Sakharov also proposed the idea that earthquakes could be mitigated and particle accelerators could be made by utilizing nuclear explosions, with the latter created by connecting a nuclear explosive device with another of his inventions, the explosively pumped flux compression generator, to accelerate protons to collide with each other to probe their inner workings, an endeavor that is now done at much lower energy levels with non-explosive superconducting magnets in CERN.
Sakharov suggested to replace the copper coil in his MK generators by a big superconductor solenoid to magnetically compress and focus underground nuclear explosions into a shaped charge effect.
Underground nuclear explosive data from peaceful nuclear explosion test shots have been used to investigate the composition of Earth's mantle, analogous to the exploration geophysics practice of mineral prospecting with chemical explosives in "deep seismic sounding" reflection seismology.
Project A119, proposed in the 1960s, which as Apollo scientist Gary Latham explained, would have been the detonating of a "smallish" nuclear device on the Moon in order to facilitate research into its geologic make-up.
Propulsion use.
The first preliminary examination of the effects of nuclear detonations upon various metal and non-metal materials, occurred in 1955 with Operation Teapot, were a chain of approximately basketball sized spheres of material, were arrayed at fixed aerial distances, descending from the shot tower.
In what was then a surprising experimental observation, all but the spheres directly within the shot tower survived, with the greatest ablation noted on the aluminum sphere located from the detonation point, with slightly over of surface material absent upon recovery.
These spheres are often referred to as "Lew Allen's balls", after the project manager during the experiments.
The ablation data collected for various materials and the distances the spheres were propelled, serve as the bedrock for the nuclear pulse propulsion study, Project Orion.
The direct use of nuclear explosives, by using the impact of ablated propellant plasma from a nuclear shaped charge acting on the rear pusher plate of a ship, was and continues to be seriously studied as a potential propulsion mechanism.
Although likely never achieving orbit due to aerodynamic drag, the first macroscopic object to obtain Earth orbital velocity was a "900kg manhole cover" propelled by the somewhat focused detonation of test shot Pascal-B in August 1957.
The use of a subterranean shaft and nuclear device to propel an object to escape velocity has since been termed a "thunder well".
In the 1970s Edward Teller, in the United States, popularized the concept of using a nuclear detonation to power an explosively pumped "soft" X-ray laser as a component of a ballistic missile defense shield known as Project Excalibur.
This created dozens of highly focused X-ray beams that would cause the missile to break up due to laser ablation.
Laser ablation is one of the damage mechanisms of a laser weapon, but it is also one of the researched methods behind pulsed laser propulsion intended for spacecraft, though usually powered by means of conventionally pumped, laser arrays.
For example, ground flight testing by Professor Leik Myrabo, using a non-nuclear, conventionally powered pulsed laser test-bed, successfully lifted a lightcraft 72 meters in altitude by a method similar to ablative laser propulsion in 2000.
Asteroid impact avoidance.
A proposed means of averting an asteroid impacting with Earth, assuming short lead times between detection and Earth impact, is to detonate one, or a series, of nuclear explosive devices, on, in, or in a stand-off proximity orientation with the asteroid, with the latter method occurring far enough away from the incoming threat to prevent the potential fracturing of the near-Earth object, but still close enough to generate a high thrust laser ablation effect.
Other techniques involving the surface or subsurface use of nuclear explosives may be more efficient, but they run an increased risk of fracturing the target near-Earth object.
He represented Prince Albert and then Cumberland in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1888 to 1898.
He was born in Sterling, Ontario, the son of the Reverend Lorenzo A. Betts, and was educated at Albert College in Belleville.
In 1882, he married Mary E. Boyle.
Betts settled in Prince Albert in 1879, where he was the first person to erect a building on the townsite.
He was justice of the peace and chairman of the school board.
Betts also served as acting mayor of Prince Albert for nine years.
He was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1894 to 1898.
Richard Clarkin is a Canadian actor.
He is most noted for his performance in the 2017 film "The Drawer Boy", for which he won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019.
Career.
Clarkin's other roles include Andrew Jackson in the television mini-series "War of 1812", Paul in "Finn's Girl", Rich Cook in "Ordinary Days", Inspector Davis in "Murdoch Mysteries", Gord Ogilvey in "Goon" and "", Ben in "Easy Land", Walter Hawthorne in "Naturally, Sadie", and Dick Dunphy in "Son of a Critch".
Joshua Eady is a Canadian producer, video editor, and director working in endurance sports, adventure, and race based television.
Josh co-founded Eady Bros Productions, a broadcast production company specializing in interactive and television content.
Night Out is the 1979 debut studio album by Ellen Foley, a long-time backup vocalist for Meat Loaf.
The musicians were mostly from Ian Hunter's touring band for his 1979 album "You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic", with the addition of Australian musician Kerryn Tolhurst on slide guitar.
Hunter and ex-Spiders From Mars guitarist Mick Ronson produced the album.
Belvedere Garden () is one of the largest-scale private housing estates in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong, located at the seaside of Tsuen Wan West.
Developed by Cheung Kong Holdings, it comprises 6,016 flats in 19 high rise residential towers developed in 3 phases.
It was designed to be a self-contained community and was designed with a shopping arcade and a wet market.
History.
The estate was completed between 1987 and 1991.
In 2001, the Hang Seng Bank branch at the estate was robbed by Tsui Po-ko, a police officer.
Demographics.
According to the 2016 by-census, Belvedere Garden had a population of 18,745.
The median age was 43.1 and the majority of residents (92.6 per cent) were of Chinese ethnicity.
The average household size was 3.2 people.
The median monthly household income of all households (i.e.
Politics.
For the 2019 District Council election, the estate fell within two constituencies.
Phase 1 and Phase 2 are located in the Lai To constituency, which was formerly represented by Ronald Tse Man-chak until July 2021, while Phase 3 falls within the Tsuen Wan West constituency, which was formerly represented by Angus Yick Shing-chung until July 2021.
Education.
Belvedere Garden is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 62, which includes schools in Tsuen Wan and areas nearby.
The net includes multiple aided schools and one government school, Hoi Pa Street Government Primary School.
Covid Pandemic.
Hanan Townshend is a New Zealand-born film composer best known for his work in Terrence Malick films such as "The Tree of Life", "Knight of Cups", and "To the Wonder".
Career.
Townshend was a music licensee on Terrence Malick's Palme d'Or winning film "The Tree of Life", where he received his first significant recognition.
He has scored over a dozen large commercials for brands such as Apple, American Express, Nike and Google.
He has also collaborated with producers such as Mike McCarthy and Daniel Lanois.
Themes and style.
On the Shape, Location, and Size of Dante's Inferno is the title of two lectures by Galileo Galilei presented in 1588 upon invitation by the Florentine Academy.
The lectures secured him a job as a lecturer of mathematics at the University of Pisa.
Galileo attempted to mathematically map Dante's description of hell, trying to bridge the "Divine Comedy" and scientific thinking.
According to professor Mark Peterson, Galileo may have had a secondary aim, to attack the cosmological model of hell proposed by Alessandro Vellutello of Lucca, while supporting another model by the Florentine architect Antonio Manetti during the animosity between the two cities.
Contents.
Since the publication of "Divine Comedy" in 1314, scholars had attempted to map the physical features of Dante's Inferno, such as the blasted valleys, caverns and the roiling rivers of fire.
In his lectures Galileo suggested that many commonly accepted dimensions did not stand up to mathematical scrutiny.
Using complex geometrical analysis, Galileo calculated that Vellutello's description of the hell's structure, such as the massive cylinders descending to the center of the Earth, would, in reality, collapse under their own weight.
Firstly Galileo tried to estimate the width of the hell's vaulted roof.
To prove Dante's description of the Sun being "joined to the horizon", Galileo interpreted this to mean that the diameter of hell's circle must be equal to the radius of the Earth.
This meant that the boundary of the roof on the west would pass through Marseille in France and through Tashkent in modern-day Uzbekistan on the east.
Galileo then tried to estimate the roof's thickness which would have to prevent its collapse on the captives beneath.
It premiered in Berlin on 23 March 1926.
Broek in Waterland is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands with a population of about 2,745 inhabitants as of 2021.
In the 17th and 18th century, the village was a popular residence for merchants and seafarers from Amsterdam.
Due to its monument status, much of its history has been preserved.
History.
Early years.
Many of the houses in the village date back to before 1850.
Before 1940 there had been only limited housing development.
This meant that many houses were divided to accommodate several families under the same roof.
The church of Broek in Waterland was built before 1400 and was dedicated to Saint Nicolas.
On September 26, 1573 the church was razed to the ground by Spaniards during the Eighty Years' War.
In 1628 the inhabitants of Broek in Waterland started to rebuild the church on the foundations of the old building.
The pulpit was donated to the church in 1685 by a wealthy couple who were married there in 1641.
It is made of ebony, rosewood and pallisander wood, which give it a dark colour and delicate texture.
The church organ was built in 1832 by Wander Beekes.
The church was extensively renovated in 1989.
During this renovation, the original ceiling frescoes of cherubs and fruit garlands were rediscovered under old layers of paint.
Tourist attraction.
Broek in Waterland was a popular vacation village for sea captains in the 1600s.
The town has always been famous for its cleanliness.
Toxic chemical dump.
Just to the north of the town was the site of a major landfill.
More than 10,000 drums of toxic chemical refuse was dumped here in the 1960s, most containing dioxin-rich 2,4,5-T, which was being produced in Amsterdam by the former company Philips Duphar (although they were cleared of responsibility by the courts), which were produced as the main defoliating ingredient of the Agent Orange formula, supplied to the Americans for their war in Vietnam, but other potentially hazardous chemicals were dumped here in large quantities, such as MCPA, lindane and Tedion.
The extent of the pollution was uncovered in 1980, after it was decided that cleaning up the chemicals was too difficult, in 2003 authorities began to blanket the site with a new layer of topsoil, and in 2011 the area was (partially) re-opened as a 'nature' area.
Part of the municipality of Waterland.
It is part of the Amazon biome.
The ecoregion is home to a vegetation adapted to floods of up to that may last for eight months.
There is a great variety of fish and birds, but relatively fewer mammals.
Ground-dwelling mammals must migrate to higher ground during the flood season.
Threats include logging, cattle farming, over-fishing and mercury pollution from gold mining.
Location.
It covers of eastern Colombia and western Brazil.
Physical.
Altitudes range from .
The forests are seasonally flooded by whitewater rivers, which carry suspended sediment washed from the eastern slopes of the Andes and organic material.
Water levels rise by up to in the flood period, which may last for eight months of the year.
The soil is fertile, composed of sediments that have accumulated in the present Holocene epoch and that are renewed by the annual floods.
The river course through the floodplain constantly shifts over time, creating oxbow lakes, levees, meander swales and bars.
These landscape elements support diverse vegetation adapted to flooding, which gradually merges into the surrounding terra firme forest.
Ecology.
The ecoregion is in the Neotropical realm and the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome.
Climate.
Average temperatures range from , with a mean temperature of .
Average annual precipitation is about .
Flora.
The floodplain holds aquatic vegetation where drainage is poor, successional vegetation, forest mosaics and permanent swamp vegetation.
The forest is continuous.
The rich understory includes plants of the families Zingiberaceae, Marantaceae and Heliconiaceae.
Economically valuable timber trees include "Carapa guianensis", "Iryanthera surinamensis", "Ceiba pentandra" and "Calycophyllum spruceanum".
On the upper levees the most common trees are "Ceiba pentandra", "Hura crepitans" and "Parinari excelsa".
On the lower levees common trees include "Pterocarpus santalinoides", "Eschweilera albiflora", "Piranhea trifoliata" and "Neoxythece elegans".
The lowest areas contain abundant bamboo (Bambusa species), and pioneer trees that include Cecropia species, "Pseudobombax munguba", many Ficus species and the "Astrocaryum jauari" palm.
There are relatively few palms compared to the terra firme forests.
Other palm species include "Astrocaryum murumuru", "Mauritia flexuosa" and Bactris species including the endemic "Bactris tefensis".
Flooded forests hold "Virola surinamensis" and "Euterpe oleracea".
Fauna. 199 species of mammals are found in the region, fewer than in the surrounding terra firme forests.
The reserve is also home to white-footed saki ("Pithecia albicans"), emperor tamarin ("Saguinus imperator"), moustached tamarin ("Saguinus mystax"), Nancy Ma's night monkey ("Aotus nancymaae") and Hershkovitz's titi ("Callicebus dubius").
Other mammals include white-lipped peccary ("Tayassu pecari"), common agouti (Dasyprocta genus), lowland paca ("Cuniculus paca"), jaguar ("Panthera onca"), capybara ("Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris"), spiny tree-rat (genus "Echimys") and the Ega long-tongued bat ("Scleronycteris ega").
Aquatic mammals include the Amazon river dolphin ("Inia geoffrensis"), tucuxi ("Sotalia fluviatilis") and Amazonian manatee' ("Trichechus inunguis").
Endangered mammals include the white-bellied spider monkey ("Ateles belzebuth"), Peruvian spider monkey ("Ateles chamek"), white-cheeked spider monkey ("Ateles marginatus"), Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat ("Lonchorhina marinkellei") and giant otter ("Pteronura brasiliensis"). 633 bird species have been reported.
These include many aquatic species such as heron and egret (genera "Egretta" and "Ardea"), whistling duck ("Dendrocygna" species), ibis ("Cercibis" and "Theristicus" species) and roseate spoonbills ("Platalea ajaja").
Endangered birds include wattled curassow ("Crax globulosa").
Other reptiles include black caiman ("Melanosuchus niger") and spectacled caiman ("Caiman crocodilus").
The ecoregion is home to the endangered Johnson's horned treefrog ("Hemiphractus johnsoni").
Large fruit-eating fish that enter the forest during the flood period include pacu (genera "Metynnis" and "Mylossoma"), tambaqui ("Colossoma macropomum"), pirarucu ("Arapaima gigas") and sardinha ("Triportheus angulatus").
Other fish include piranha ("Serrasalmus" species) and decorative fish from whitewater rivers and their blackwater tributaries and lakes such as blue discus ("Symphysodon aequifasciatus"), cichlids (genus "Cichlasoma"), characins (family Anostomidae), tetras (genera "Hemigrammus" and "Hyphessobrycon"), and catfish (families Aspredinidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae and Loricariidae).
Status.
Smallholders along the rivers undertake mixed agriculture, forest exploitation, small-scale logging and livestock raising.
Stamford College is a further education college on Drift Road in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England.
It opened as Stamford Technical College in 1967 and was later called New College Stamford, becoming Stamford College in 2020.
It is now a general further education college that provides full-time and part-time academic and vocational courses.
Courses.
The curriculum is aimed at 16 to 18 year-olds, sixth-formers and those taking higher education and vocational further education within full or part-time courses.
It includes courses in entertaining, music, dance, drama, broadcasting, television, radio, journalism, land-based science, medicine, nursing, dentistry, fashion, textiles, crafts, traditional trowel trades, carpentry, joinery, childcare, computing, catering, sport and arts and motor vehicles.
Further education qualification study is provided for A-Level, BTEC and NVQ in Computing, Multimedia, Health and Social Care, Pre-Uniform Services (NCFE), Sciences, Arts, Construction, Sports, Animal Care, Hair and Beauty and Catering.
Partnerships and status.
From 2006, the college has worked in association with Bishop Grosseteste which provide validation for University level courses.
In February 2008 the college became the only further education college in the area to provide AS and A2 levels, when Peterborough Regional College announced that it would be focusing on becoming a non-academic vocational college.
The same year, the college developed a sixth form academy for A-Level study.
NCS was awarded Beacon status in 2009.
In 2014, the college collaborated with Stamford A.F.C. on the establishment of the Borderville Sports Centre on land provided by the Burghley Estate, at Borderville on Ryhall Road, north of town.
Ofsted.
It was stated that the college needed to improve retention rates, the planning for and the development of learning and the quality of its self-assessment.
Rebel Scum is a "Star Wars" fan film directed by Timothy Van Nguyen.
On January 9, 2016, the film was released to YouTube.
It takes place shortly after the Rebels retreat from Echo Base on the planet Hoth during the beginning of "The Empire Strikes Back".
As of February 2023, it has been viewed over 2.3 million times.
Production.
Around January 2015 to around March 2015, filming took place in Alberta, Canada.
A snow camera was used during filming.
Instead of using CGI, stop motion animation and practical effects were used, due to the budget, and to make something that felt "real and lifelike".
To film the animation, they used an illuminated box with still pictures of the scenes.
Release.
The film was officially selected at the 2016 Tri-Cities International Film Festival, MidAmeriCon II, the 2016 Lost Episode Festival Toronto, and the 2017 WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival.
Reception.
I like it."
Nick Statt of "The Verge" praised the costume work, how the environment was used, and the visual effects.
Jeff Spry of "Syfy Wire" ranked the film number seven on his top fourteen best "Star Wars" fan films list.
He described it as "excellent," and "impressive."
Brock Wilbur of "Inverse" described himself as "blown away" after viewing the film.
Julien Cadot of "" called it (translated into English), "9 minutes you will not regret!," and praised the story.
Jeremy Fuster of "TheWrap" ranked the film number two on his top eleven best "Star Wars" fan films list.
Chloe Cole of "Dorkly" described the film as something that could have been in the Original Trilogy of "Star Wars".
A roadway departure (also called roadway excursion or run-off-road collision) is a type of incident that occurs when a vehicle leaves the roadway.
Such incidents can lead to a single-vehicle collision.
Causes and consequences.
Roadway departure collisions where the vehicle is sliding or spinning and runs broadside into a fixed obstacle are particularly dangerous since the vehicle doors and sides provide less protection to occupants than the front of the car.
Target fixation is an issue for drivers, causing them to impact with objects that could be easily avoided.
Clear zones.
An important concept in understanding roadway departure is the clear zone.
This is the roadside area that is free of obstacles and dangerous slopes.
As a result, civil engineers began to try to provide thirty feet of clear, flat ground next to rural highways.
The result was fewer crashes.
Current guidance adjusts the desired clear zone width for curvature, roadside slope, speed and volume.
More width is recommended on the outsides of curves, where the ground slopes down away from the road, and on high-speed, high-volume roads.
Prevention and mitigation.
There are several ways to reduce the consequences of roadway departure collisions.
Roadway cross section improvements.
Roadway cross section improvements include high-friction overlays, improving curve banking, and widening shoulders or travel lanes.
The intention is to help the driver to keep the car on the roadway.
They are usually expensive unless included in a highway reconstruction project.
This helps any driver that runs off the edge of the roadway to maintain control while trying to steer back onto the pavement.
A vertical edge drop-off often results in overcorrection, leading to a head-on collision, rollover, or a run-off-road collision on the far side of the road.
Pavement edge drop-offs are problematic on roads where the hard shoulder is narrow or nonexistent.
Hazard removal or modification.
If possible, hazards should be removed, or modified to be less dangerous.
Examples include tree removal, using forgiving road infrastructure or extending cross culverts out of the clear zone.
In the US there is MASH (the "Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware") and in Europe, there is EN12767.
Removing obstacles should be the first choice.
If that is not possible, make them forgiving.
As a last option, isolate the obstacle with a guard rail.
Guard rails are used to reduce the severity of roadway departure crashes by interposing a barrier that is more forgiving to vehicle occupants.
The guard rail is itself a hazard and should only be used where it shields traffic from a hazard that is more dangerous than it is.
It may not reduce the number of run-off-road crashes since it is longer and closer to the road than the hazard behind it.
Properly designed and installed, it will reduce the severity of crashes that do occur.
Delineation.
Where hazard removal and guard rails reduce the severity of roadway departure crashes, delineation aims to reduce the frequency of crashes by helping drivers stay on the road.
It includes pavement markings, object markers, curve warning signs, delineators, and arrows and chevrons on curves.
It is used where other improvements would be too costly or ineffective, as an interim method until other improvements can be installed, and to help drivers avoid collisions with a guard rail.
Because of its low cost, delineation is often the measure of choice on lower volume roads.
Some of these measures can also reduce the frequency and severity of head-on collisions.
Median barriers are a form of guard rail that turn head-on crashes into fixed object crashes.
Curve delineation and cross-section improvements can reduce loss-of-control incidents.
Cost-effectiveness.
Since most roadway improvements are funded by taxes or user fees, it is important that safety improvements pay for themselves.
On low-speed, low-volume local roads, expensive improvements are likely to produce less in savings than they cost, and thus divert scarce resources from locations where they could be better used.
The Green Bay Packers season was their 56th season overall and their 54th season in the National Football League.
The Packers lost their last three games, all to non-playoff teams.
With a year remaining on his five-year contract, Devine resigned a day after the last game of the regular season and returned to college football at Notre Dame, following the sudden retirement of Ara Parseghian.
Devine was succeeded as head coach at Green Bay by hall of fame quarterback Bart Starr, hired on Christmas Eve.
Regular season.
Schedule.
Game summaries.
Week 3.
Liatongus rhadamistus, or "Scaptodera rhadamistus", is a species of dung beetle found in India, Sri Lanka, Laos and Thailand.
Description.
This elongate-oval, little flattened species has an average length of about 11 to 15 mm.
Body bright orange-yellow in color.
Head, pronotum, basal aid sutural margins of the elytra are bluish or greenish-black in color.
There is a greenish-black spot common to both elytra upon the middle of the suture.
Pygidium posterior, the sterna, abdomen, tibiae and tarsi are dark green in color.
A slight metallic golden lustre found at the sides of the pronotum.
Head almost semicircular with a flattened rhomboidal area between the eyes.
Elytra deeply striate, with the striae very indistinctly punctured.
Pygidium finely distinctly punctured.
Male has rosy-golden clypeus which is lightly punctured.
There is a deep excavation extending almost for its entire length.
But female has transversely rugose head with a slight median tubercle.
Male has yellowish-orange body with metallic green patches.
Clypeus metallic green, with black lateral margins.
Antenna with eight segments.
Male genitalia consists of parameres and phallobase.
Female has yellowish-orange and oval body.
Head with dark metallic green clypeus.
There is a central metallic green patch.
Biology.
Adults construct brood ball nest in cow dung pats with an average diameter of 25 to 30 cm.
Each nest contains with 3 to 7 brood balls per brood chamber which is guarded by the female.
Eggs are followed by three instar larval grub stages.
Third instar is translucent in appearance where the body is covered with very fine setae.
Clypeus wider than long, and is rectangular in shape.
Antennae with four segments.
Exarate pupa has transverse pronotum with rounded margins.
There are four thumb-like tergal support projections.
But the pronotal support projection is absent.
In computer science, a Levenshtein automaton for a string "w" and a number "n" is a finite-state automaton that can recognize the set of all strings whose Levenshtein distance from "w" is at most "n".
That is, a string "x" is in the formal language recognized by the Levenshtein automaton if and only if "x" can be transformed into "w" by at most "n" single-character insertions, deletions, and substitutions.
Applications.
Levenshtein automata may be used for spelling correction, by finding words in a given dictionary that are close to a misspelled word.
In this application, once a word is identified as being misspelled, its Levenshtein automaton may be constructed, and then applied to all of the words in the dictionary to determine which ones are close to the misspelled word.
If the dictionary is stored in compressed form as a trie, the time for this algorithm (after the automaton has been constructed) is proportional to the number of nodes in the trie, significantly faster than using dynamic programming to compute the Levenshtein distance separately for each dictionary word.
It is also possible to find words in a regular language, rather than a finite dictionary, that are close to a given target word, by computing the Levenshtein automaton for the word, and then using a Cartesian product construction to combine it with an automaton for the regular language, giving an automaton for the intersection language.
Alternatively, rather than using the product construction, both the Levenshtein automaton and the automaton for the given regular language may be traversed simultaneously using a backtracking algorithm.
Levenshtein automata are used in Lucene for full-text searches that can return relevant documents even if the query is misspelled.
Construction.
Mitankin studies a variant of this construction called the universal Levenshtein automaton, determined only by a numeric parameter "n", that can recognize pairs of words (encoded in a certain way by bitvectors) that are within Levenshtein distance "n" of each other.
He was born in the village of Sha Kong in the Poon Yu District (now part of Baiyun District, Guangzhou) of Guangdong Province, China in about 1838.
Early life.
Choie Sew Hoy was the eldest of four sons of Choie Bing Sum, a farmer in the village of Sha Kong (Altar Hill), in the Upper Poon Yu (Panyu) district of Canton (Guangdong) Province, China.
Because of war, famine and poverty, some families in Canton Province used their access to the international ports Canton (Guangzhou) and Hong Kong to send young men overseas to work.
In the second half of the 19th Century, these men formed a living chain of migrant labourers.
They sent money back, guided other family members and, sometimes, returned home relatively wealthy.
Following the California gold rush, Choie Sew Hoy was one of thousands of Cantonese who went to Gum San, "the gold mountain" of California.
When the rush to Dai Gum San, the "big new gold mountain" of Australia, began, Choie Sew Hoy went to the goldfields of Victoria, but he took part in the Victorian gold rush as a merchant rather than a miner.
Since then, some administration regions have changed their names. in June 1954, Upper Poon Yu changed its name to Bai Yun district, governed by Guangzhou city. therefore, the ancestral hometown of Charles Sew Hoy now administered by Bai Yun district of Guangzhou city.
Career as a merchant.
The black and gold sign which hung outside his store said 'Sew Hoy' in Roman letters but 'Choie Sew Hoy' in Chinese characters.
Choie Sew Hoy became a naturalised New Zealand citizen in 1873.
He was quoted by the New Zealand press on topical issues, such as immigration and the poll tax.
The Sew Hoy company imported and sold the specialised Chinese food and goods required by the Chinese, many of whom, like Choie Sew Hoy, were from the Poon Yu district.
Choie Sew Hoy also imported items to sell to Dunedin's European settlers.
His store's newspaper advertisements offered tea sets and tea pots, as well as a range of teas.
Also on sale were crystallised fruit, Chinese silks, cane chairs, blinds, bird cages and 'real Chinese gongs.'
In 1873 Choie Sew Hoy and several other Chinese merchants of Dunedin were the first Chinese to charter a ship to sail direct from Otago to Hong Kong.
The barque "Harriet Armitage" carried cargo and 116 Chinese passengers from Otago to Hong Kong in March 1873.
The "Harriet Armitage" made her return voyage to Dunedin in October 1873 with what New Zealand newspapers described as "a cargo of China notions" which was "consigned to the principal Chinese firms" in Otago.
Among the four Chinese passengers the "Harriet Armitage" carried to Dunedin was Choie Kum Yok, Choie Sew Hoy's oldest son, aged 18.
In 1876 Choie Sew Hoy and another Otago Chinese merchant, Kwong Sing Wing, chartered the North German barque "Anna Dorothea" to make a return voyage from Otago to Hong Kong.
Freshly fitted out to carry passengers the "Anna Dorothea" sailed from Port Chalmers with 104 Chinese passengers, who took with them 1646 ounces of gold.
The majority of Chinese miners in Otago were from the Poon Yu district and Choie Sew Hoy was often their spokesman.
He also persuaded the Otago Chamber of Commerce to call for an end to the import levy on rice.
Choie Sew Hoy's imports, mainly from Hong Kong, were considerable.
In 1874 Choie Sew Hoy was one of six Chinese merchants of Dunedin who arrived in an open carriage at Dunedin's exclusive Fernhill Club to present an address of welcome to the Governor, Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet on his first visit to Dunedin.
In export matters, Choie Sew Hoy was a very enterprising merchant, sending oats to Australia, frozen mutton to Great Britain and scrap metal to China.
Just like his friend and fellow merchant, Chew Chong of New Plymouth, Choie Sew Hoy purchased dried fungus (Auriculeria polytricha or "wood ear," known to the Chinese as muk u or muk yee).
Choie Sew Hoy exported the fungus to Hong Kong, as well as to Chinese in Australia and California.
An Otago reporter describing Choie Sew Hoy's fungus trade was condescending, "This peculiar, dry-looking article the Chinese manufacture by some mysterious process into an article of food, no doubt palatable enough to them, but which would, I anticipate, be quickly rejected by fastidious European stomachs."
Many farmers, however, found that gathering and selling the fungus, which grows on dead trees in the New Zealand bush, enabled them to weather a financially difficult period.
Fungus remained an important New Zealand export to China until World War 2.
The profits from his role as a merchant enabled Choie Sew Hoy to travel back to his home village of Sha Kong, where he arranged the construction of a memorial marker for his father's grave and a sturdy brick family home, both of which are still standing.
Gold mining.
By the late 1870s the easily accessible gold deposits in Otago and Southland had been worked out and individuals could no longer win gold with the simple placer mining methods of using gold pans, cradles and sluice boxes.
Large-scale methods such as hydraulic sluicing and quartz processing required large sums of capital for the construction of water races and purchase of crushing machinery.
Many companies were floated to work promising claims and Choie Sew frequently invested in such mining ventures.
He was for example on the board of directors of several companies which carried out quartz reef mining at Macetown in the 1880s.
These included the Premier Gold-Mining Company, the Queen Victoria Gold-Mining Company and the Tipperary Mining Company.
Dr James Ng's research shows that Choie Sew Hoy was involved as a shareholder or director in at least a dozen gold mining and water-race ventures, from Waitahuna to Skippers.
Choie Sew Hoy also made mining claims in his own right, sometimes making dual applications for mining consents with his son Choie Kum Yok.
They combined in 1889, for example, to apply for two adjoining claims on the Cardrona River and in a failed attempt to obtain a pair of claims at Netherby near Naseby in 1886.
Choie Sew Hoy and the Otago gold-dredging boom.
In 1888 Choie Sew Hoy changed the face of gold mining in New Zealand.
In his own account of his innovative Big Beach venture, Choie Sew Hoy told how both European and Chinese miners, who had worked the lower Shotover River near Arthurs Point, were aware that the large river flat known as Big Beach was still rich in fine alluvial gold, despite being worked over several times and abandoned.
The problem was that the gold was below the water level in deep shingle, inaccessible to conventional mining methods.
Choie Sew Hoy obtained mining rights for 140 acres at Big Beach and nearby Arthurs Point for 'C.
Sew Hoy and Company'.
The river flat would then be worked by "paddocking and sluicing."
"The claim will be worked by a combination of European and Chinese labour, a new departure in mining," noted an Otago newspaper.
Choie Sew Hoy's Dunedin engineer, L.O.
Beal, did a survey of the site with him in September 1887 and they concluded that a tunnel beneath Racecourse Terrace at Arthurs Point would not be practicable.
Choie Sew Hoy's mind then turned to using a gold dredge.
Several attempts at dredging for gold had been made both in California and New Zealand but with limited success.
James Gore, a former Mayor of Dunedin later described how Choie Sew Hoy "called together a few gentlemen" and proposed to them a scheme for working by dredges the well-known Shotover Big Beach.
Despite the doubts about dredging that some expressed, a privately owned company, the Shotover Big Beach Gold Mining Company, was formed, "the shareholders putting their money into what I considered an experiment."
Choie Sew Hoy apparently drew inspiration from watching the two dredges operated by the Otago Harbour Board, the bucket dredge Vulcan, which began dredging in 1877, and the bucket dredge 222, which was built in Scotland and began work in 1882. 222 had a hopper system so the spoil from its buckets could be collected.
The Shotover Big Beach Gold Mining Company commissioned the engineering firm Kincaid and McQueen of Dunedin to build them a steam-powered centre-bucket-chain gold dredge.
This dredge was then transported in sections to Central Otago and assembled on the Big Beach river flat.
"As is often the case with new mechanical appliances, many additions and alterations had to be made both to the dredge and gold-saving appliances," complained James Gore, "These took up considerable time and cost a large sum of money."
Trials were carried out and on 23 January 1889, Mr Beal sent Choie Sew Hoy a telegram that was to trigger the first Otago gold dredging boom.
'Dredge working Saturday evening.
Future prospects magnificent.'
After that, each week's yield was telegraphed to Dunedin and widely reported throughout the colony in the Mining pages of newspapers.
"There is great excitement in Arrowtown over the prospect of successfully dredging the Kawarau and Shotover Rivers, owing to the continued payable results of Sew Hoy's dredge at Big Beach, Shotover," noted a Naseby newspaper.
The dredge, immediately labelled the Sew Hoy dredge, was the first in the world capable of working flats and riverbanks.
Its success in the dredging of the Big Beach river flats initiated a major gold-seeking breakthrough.
By the end of the century there were over 200 gold dredges working or being built in Otago and Southland, all based on the prototype Sew Hoy dredge of 1888.
Sew Hoy Big Beach Gold Mining Coy.
The Sew Hoy dredge had proved its value on Big Beach but its ladder of buckets could only reach 14 feet below the water level.
More dredges able to reach greater depths were needed.
This would need more capital than the Shotover Big Beach Gold Mining Company could raise privately.
Choie Sew Hoy had extended his mining claim, so that he now had another 40 acres, stretching about one and a half miles from the company's existing Big Beach claim down the Shotover River to Tucker Beach.
In a meeting held in Dunedin in September 1889, the shareholders of the Shotover Big Beach Gold Mining Company agreed to sell all the company's assets, including the various Shotover mining claims held by Choie Sew Hoy and John Blair, to a new publicly floated mining company.
It was unanimously agreed "that Mr Sew Hoy's name should in some way be associated with the title of the company."
In a strong publicity campaign, the new company proposed to put larger and better dredges "designed to lift double the amount of stuff" on to its "wonderfully valuable" claim which now covered 260 acres, along five miles of the Shotover River.
With samples of Big Beach gold exhibited in Otago and Dunedin, shares sold well.
There was, however, criticism of the heavy "loading" of the company, as 48,000 of these shares went to the promoters, the owners of the mining claims. "56,000 shares were allotted when the list finally closed."
In defence of the proposal, Choie Sew Hoy wrote, "The gold won by the present company is the result almost altogether from ground supposed to be worked out, both by Europeans and Chinese.
I only wish to add that these results will be far surpassed, and the value of the company, as at present printed, far greater in twelve months than to-day, when we hope to gather the gold with five dredges instead of one."
In fact, the Sew Hoy Big Beach Gold Mining Coy soon cut its dredge plans to three new dredges.
Andersons were well advanced with the first dredge by January 1890. and two others followed.
By August 1890 the first dredge had been assembled on the site of the former Morning Star claim and was having its engine fitted, when floods disrupted progress.
So the first new dredge (no.2) was not getting gold until 22 Dec 1890.
Each was 94 feet long, 18 feet wide and 7 feet deep, with bucket ladders 70 feet in length.
Each dredge had a coal-fired steam engine, rated at 26 horse power, with a boiler working at up to 80 lb per square inch.
All three dredges could work down to about 26 feet.
Although returns were steady, costs were also high and by 1897 the directors of the Sew Hoy Big Beach Gold Mining Coy went into voluntary liquidation and sold off the dredges and other equipment.
Ironically the dredges were purchased by other companies and worked on fruitfully for years.
Choie Sew Hoy meanwhile was looking further south for gold.
Nokomai gold sluicing.
Before Big Beach was worked out, Sew Hoy and his son Kum Poy had turned their attention to the Nokomai valley (near Parawa) in Southland, where they both registered neighbouring claims in January 1894.
While earlier miners, both European and Chinese, had found gold in the valleys and spurs surrounding the Nokomai Valley, they had been unable to work the valley itself, because its gravel layer was too deep and wet to work.
Water was crucial for this, so they had water-races, pipe-ways and dams constructed, drawing water from as far north as the Nevis headwaters.
"Mr Sew Hoy is one of the most enterprising men in this part of the colony, and it is gratifying to hear that his pluck and energy have met with success," noted a local newspaper when Choie Sew Hoy introduced electric lighting at the Nokomai site so that work could continue in three shifts around the clock.
Both Europeans and Chinese (many from Sha Kong village) worked at the sluicing and on maintaining the water-races.
The Nokomai Hydraulic Sluicing Company was a publicly floated company registered at the Sew Hoy office, warehouse and store at 29 Stafford Street, Dunedin.
After Choie Sew Hoy's death in 1901, Kum Poy Sew Hoy headed the Sew Hoy merchant business and also put a massive effort into the development and working of the Nokomai claim.
He took a leading role with the company, working as its secretary.
Both Europeans and Chinese (many from Sha Kong village) worked at the sluicing and maintaining the water-races.
Later Kum Poy's son Cyril Sew Hoy (1907-1971) became the manager at the Nokomai workings, thus creating a unique three-generation gold mining dynasty.
A giant dragline excavator, weighing 150 tons, was assembled at Nokomai.
The largest ever made at that time, the excavator had a 50-foot-high winch tower and a bucket that could hold 8 tons of shingle.
The dragline failed because its bucket system proved too heavy, so the company resumed hydraulic sluicing successfully assisted by the rising price of gold in the 1930s.
The Nokomai operation finally had to close down during World War 2, when the New Zealand Government requisitioned the company's electricity generating plant and installed it at the Roaring Meg power station in the Cromwell Gorge.
Kum Poy died, aged 74, in Dunedin on 22 December 1942.
Choie Sew Hoy had married Young Soy May in China in the 1850s and they had two daughters Choie Chay Ho and Choie Chay May, as well as two sons, Choie Kum Yok (1855-1932) and Choie Kum Poy (1869-1942).
Both sons later came out to New Zealand to join their father in his merchant enterprise.
Choie Kum Yok arrived in Otago in October 1873 on the barque Harriet Armitage, (a ship chartered by Dunedin Chinese merchants including his father).
Kum Yok, then aged 18, began working in his father's firm as a merchant.
Later he took out gold mining claims in Central Otago, usually in parallel with those taken out by his father.
Following a brief visit to Sha Kong in 1880, Kum Yok returned permanently to China about 1897 and handled the Canton end of Sew Hoy's company business from Guangzhou (Canton city ), until his death in 1932.
The younger son, Choie Kum Poy, arrived in Dunedin on the Tamsui in July 1884, aged 15.
Kum Poy studied at Dunedin's Normal School before he began working with his father.
Following Choie Sew Hoy's lead, he used Sew Hoy as his surname, so is usually known as Kum Poy Sew Hoy.
Meanwhile, Choie Sew Hoy had married his young English-language secretary, Eliza Ann Prescott (1868-1909) and they had two children, Violet (born in 1892) and Henry (born in 1895).
The Sew Hoy family lived in "Canton Villa," a modest weatherboard house in Cumberland Street, where their general servant enjoyed "liberal wages."
On 22 July 1901, Sew Hoy turned at the gate to wave to Eliza, before walking to his office, suffered an aneurysm and died.
The news of his death was published in all Australian and New Zealand newspapers.
Cheong Shing Tong and Cantonese reburials.
Soon after their arrival in Otago, the Cantonese gold-miners from Poon Yu (Panyu) and Fah Yue (Hua) counties had founded a benevolent society, the Cheong Shing Tong, to care for elderly and needy Chinese, and also to return their bodies to Canton.
Choie Sew Hoy was the first president of the Cheong Shing Tong.
When the society began its first mass exhumation of deceased miners' remains in 1883, all the fundraising and administration was run from Choie Sew Hoy's office at his store in Stafford Street, Dunedin.
In April 1883 230 bodies, mainly from Otago and the West Coast, were safely conveyed to China for reburial by the SS "Hoihow".
Ironically by the time the Cheong Shing Tong had organised the next major exhumation, between 1899 and 1902, Choie Sew Hoy had died (in 1901).
It was left to his son Kum Poy Sew Hoy (his successor as the president of the Cheong Shing Tong) to continue overseeing the gathering of human remains from 39 graveyards around New Zealand.
The bones of the 'former friends' were carefully cleaned, labelled and packed into zinc-lined kauri coffins or body-boxes.
A total of 501 coffins were loaded on the SS "Ventnor" in Wellington.
(The total had been thought to be 499 but Nigel Murphy's recent research in the NZ Archives found the names of at least 501 and possibly 503.)
The SS "Ventnor" sailed from Wellington for Hong Kong on 26 October 1902 but struck a reef off the coast of Taranaki early the next morning.
The captain tried to make for Auckland but the Ventnor sank about ten miles off the Hokianga Heads on 28 October 1902.
Although three lifeboats got away safely, the fourth was swamped, drowning 13 men, including Choie Sew Hoy's elderly nephew, Choie Kum Foo, who was one of the body-attendants accompanying the coffins.
Searchers found only a few of the coffins washed ashore, and there the matter rested until a remarkable series of events more than a century later.
Recent events.
In 2009, Liu Shueng Wong, a New Zealand-born Chinese researcher and writer, was working with Nigel Murphy and Kirsten Wong on what they named The Ventnor project, preparing a filmed documentary about the sinking of the SS "Ventnor" and the significance of its cargo of human remains.
She was told that the local Te Rarawa, Ngapuhi and Te Roroa iwi (tribes) had stories they had grown up with about human remains washing up on the beaches and being buried in urupa (burial-places).
"I always heard that there were Chinese people buried in different urupa and in the sand dunes and places like that," says Te Rarawa's Paul White.
"People got told by the old ones don't forget to look after the Chinese people that are buried over there."
Members of the Ventnor Project, the Poon Fah Association (people of Panyu and Hua counties descent), Otago-Southland Branch of the New Zealand Chinese Association and several descendants of Choie Sew Hoy came.
They were able to acknowledge their tupuna (ancestors) whose remains had been washed up on Mitimiti beach, and "to open relations with the iwi who have cared for the remains of their ancestors since 1902."
Since then ceremonies have been held to honour the dead.
May their souls now rest in peace in your rohe."
By coincidence, 2014 was also the year, a diving group, the Project Ventnor Group, led by John Albert, began to examine the 150-metre-deep wreckage of the Ventnor, using deep diving and decompression equipment.
(Remote equipment had spotted the wreck in 2012.)
Working in difficult conditions, the divers confirmed the shipwreck was indeed the Ventnor.
There was some controversy over the divers' removal of items from the wreck.
In the interim, a legal loophole was also closed.
All shipwrecks in New Zealand waters prior to 1900 are classified and protected as heritage sites.
The Ventnor, which, sank in 1902, was outside the law but was now given the same legal protection.
On 8 May 2014 the wreck was added to the New Zealand Archaeological Association's site recording scheme and is now covered by the archaeological provisions of the Historic Places Act 1993.
It is now illegal to damage or modify the wreck or remove items from it.
On 10 June 2016, Paul James, the Chief Executive of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage stated that the Crown will assume custody of the Ventnor objects to allow for their future care and management.
Te Papa seemed the most likely destination.
Meanwhile, planning is going ahead for a Chinese Historic Ventnor Trail in Northland.
In 2017, Choie Sew Hoy was posthumously inducted as a Laureate to the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.
In 2019, the Sew Hoy Gold Workings and Water-Race System in the Nokomai area were declared a Category 1 Historic Place.
Liu Shueng Wong is also working on a book, The Call of the Ancestors, dealing with the story of the Ventnor's sinking, due for publication in 2019.
In March 2021, the Sew Hoy Building (built in 1894) at 29 Stafford Street, Dunedin, was declared a Category 1 Historic Place.
Sew Hoy Family Reunions.
The descendants of Choie Sew Hoy have been active in celebrating family heritage and bringing the wider family together.
There have been three official family reunions - in 2007 (Queenstown), in 2013 (Dunedin) and 2019 (Dunedin).
The 2019 family reunion marked the 150th Anniversary since Sew Hoy arrived in Dunedin.
It consisted of 3 days of events - including a bowling night, a historical walking tour, a mini documentary screening, a gala dinner, and an outdoor family activities day.
Toitu Otago Settlers Museum curator and historian Sean Brosnahan was invited at attend, speak and accept some memorabilia from this event.
Just under 250 family members gathered.
The Dutch Boy Group is a paint manufacturing company currently headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio.
Founded in 1907 by the National Lead Company, the Dutch Boy Paints brand is currently a subsidiary of the Consumer Group division of the Sherwin-Williams Company, which acquired it in 1980, two years after the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's directive banning the manufacturing of lead housepaint went into effect.
Trademark.
Dutch Boy uses a stylized Dutch child as its trademark.
The "Chourre"-class aircraft repair ship was a class of repair ships that were operated by the United States Navy during World War II.
Design.
"Chourre"-class was the first ship class to be designated as aircraft repair ships in the Navy.
The class consists of two ships converted from the EC2-S-C1, also known as Liberty ships.
The ships were long overall ( between perpendiculars, with a beam of .
She had a depth of and a draft of .
She was assessed at , , .
She was powered by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of , and diameter by stroke.
It drove a single screw propeller, which could propel the ship at .
They served well throughout the war without a ship being lost to enemy action.
The legality of corporal punishment of children varies by country.
Corporal punishment of minor children by parents or adult guardians, which is intended to cause physical pain, has been traditionally legal in nearly all countries unless explicitly outlawed.
According to a 2014 estimate by Human Rights Watch, "Ninety percent of the world's children live in countries where corporal punishment and other physical violence against children is still legal".
Many countries' laws provide for a defence of "reasonable chastisement" against charges of assault and other crimes for parents using corporal punishment.
This defence is ultimately derived from English law.
As of , only three (France, Germany and Japan) of seven G7 members including seven (three G7, Argentina, Brazil, South Africa and South Korea) of the 20 G20 member states have banned the use of corporal punishment against children.
Prohibition.
Argentina.
Banned in 1813, school corporal punishment was re-legalised in 1817 and punishments by physical pain lasted until the 1980s.
The instruments were rebenques, slappings in the face and others.
All corporal punishment was prohibited by a law in 2014 which came into force in January 2016.
Australia.
In Australia, corporal punishment of minors in the home is legal, provided it is "reasonable".
Corporal punishment in public schools is illegal in all states, and in private schools it is only allowed in Queensland.
Parents who act unreasonably may be committing an assault.
The Australian state of Tasmania is continuing to review the state's laws on the matter, and may seek to ban the use of corporal punishment by parents.
The matter is also under review in other Australian states.
A 2002 public opinion survey suggested the majority view was in support of retaining parents' right to smack with the open hand but not with an implement, although , there are no laws against using an implement in any state or territory.
In New South Wales, S61AA of the Crimes Act (1900) allows a parent a defence of lawful correction.
In New South Wales, one specifically cannot smack a child on the head or neck, and the child cannot be more than briefly harmed or bruised.
Austria.
School corporal punishment was explicitly prohibited in Austria in 1974.
In 1977, corporal punishment in the home was outlawed by removing the section in the constitution of assault in the Penal Code that stated that parents who have used "reasonable punishment" of their children shall not be punished for assault.
On 15 March 1989, corporal punishment of children became explicitly banned through a new law stating that "using violence and inflicting physical or mental suffering is unlawful".
Belarus.
Corporal punishment in schools was banned in Belarus during the Soviet era, however it was decriminalized after Alexander Lukashenko took power in 1994.
It is only permitted for students older than 16.
It cannot be inflicted on girls without at least two prior written warnings from a teacher for the same or similar offense against the school discipline.
School canings are relatively rare in major cities and remain much more common in rural areas, where parents tend to raise their children in more conservative manners.
In 2018, Lukashenko rejected a bill that would have outlawed corporal punishments for minors both in educational facilities and at home, arguing that he himself caned his children in their adolescence.
Canada.
In Canada, parents may use physical force to discipline their children, including spanking, but there are several restrictions.
Section 43 of the "Criminal Code" provides that parents may use "reasonable" force as a form of discipline.
In upholding section 43, the majority of the Court provided considerable guidance to the interpretation of the provision.
The majority held that the person administering the discipline must be a parent or legal guardian, or in some cases, a school teacher (i.e. not under the age of 2 or over 12), and that the use of force must be "reasonable under the circumstances", meaning that it results neither in harm nor in the prospect of bodily harm.
Punishment involving slaps or blows to the head is harmful, the Court held.
Use of any implement other than a bare hand is illegal and hitting a child in anger or in retaliation for something a child did is not considered reasonable and is against the law.
The Court defined "reasonable" as force that would have a "transitory and trifling" impact on the child.
For example, spanking or slapping a child so hard that it leaves a mark that lasts for several hours would not be considered "transitory and trifling".
Among the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, formed to redress the legacy of the Canadian Indian residential school system, is a call to repeal Section 43 of the Criminal Code.
Colombia.
On 23 March 2021, the Senate of Colombia unanimously voted to approve a bill that prohibits physical punishment, cruel, humiliating, or degrading acts, and violence as forms of correctional approaches for the upbringing of children and adolescents in Colombia.
Czech Republic.
The Czech Republic is the only country in the European Union that does not outlaw child corporal punishment or plan to introduce such a law.
In 2013, the Czech government published a report arguing against such a regulation.
Denmark.
Corporal punishment in schools in Denmark became explicitly prohibited in 1967 and in 1985, parents' right to use corporal punishment of their children became outlawed through a new law which required parents "to protect their child from physical and psychological violence and other humiliating treatment".
However, the law was believed to still support corporal punishment as there was a controversy whether the law permitted parents to punish their children physically or otherwise.
Therefore, after several years of debate, a new, clearer law came into force on 28 May 1997, providing that "The child has right to care and security.
It must be treated with respect for its person and must not be subjected to corporal punishment or other humiliating treatment".
However, its autonomous countries Faroe Islands and Greenland banned corporal punishment of children in 2007 and 2016 respectively.
Finland.
School corporal punishment was banned in 1914.
Parents' right to use corporal punishment of their children was outlawed in 1969 when the section in the constitution of assault in the Penal Code, stating that a "petty assault" was not punishable if committed by parents or others who exercise their right to chastise a child, was removed.
In 1983, corporal punishment of children was explicitly banned.
France.
In the Napoleonic era parents were explicitly allowed to physically punish their children.
However, in 2019, the National Assembly approved a bill introducing a complete ban on all forms of physical punishment of children and required mayors officiating at civil weddings to remind couples that violence against children is unlawful.
The law makes corporal punishment a civil offense, not a criminal one.
Germany.
School corporal punishment was prohibited in East Germany (which became part of the Federal Republic of Germany at the German reunification on 3 October 1990).
In the Federal Republic (West Germany before reunification), it was prohibited at different times in its different states between 1975 and 1983.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, in 1980 it became prohibited for parents to educate their children with "degrading measures" (it was not clear exactly what "degrading" meant), of which the common interpretation was that corporal punishment of children was still permitted as long as it was not "degrading".
In November 2000, that law was replaced with a new more clear and strict law stating that "Children have right to a non-violent upbringing.
Corporal punishment, psychological violence and other degrading educational measures are inadmissible."
Greece. to the permissible penitentiary measures of article 1518 of the Civil Code and that its use entails for the parents the consequences of the bad exercise of parental care.
Specifically, Article 4 provides that physical violence against minors as a means of punishment in the context of their upbringing brings about the consequences of Article 1532 of the Civil Code.
It constitutes a case of poor exercise of custody and for this reason brings about the application of article 1532 of the Civil Code.
According to this article, in such a case, the court may order any appropriate measure.
"Any act of inflicting pain or physical discomfort on a minor should be treated as physical violence, with the aim of punishing or controlling his behavior."
Ireland.
In Ireland, all forms of corporal punishment of children have been definitively outlawed since the passing of the Children First Act 2015.
Law in the Republic of Ireland inherited the pre-independence common law and statutes modelled on English law.
These included allowance under common law of "physical chastisement" by teachers, and under the Children Act 1908 of "reasonable chastisement" by parents and those "in loco parentis".
School corporal punishment was prohibited in 1982 by an administrative decision of John Boland, the Minister for Education.
Teachers were not liable to criminal prosecution until 1997, when the rule of law allowing physical chastisement was explicitly abolished.
In response to a complaint filed with the European Committee of Social Rights, the defence was abolished under the Children First Act 2015.
Italy.
School corporal punishment became prohibited in 1928.
In 1996, the Supreme Court of Italy ruled that in domestic settings, physical punishment is no longer an acceptable way to discipline children.
However, that is still yet to be confirmed in legislation.
India.
In India, corporal punishment is banned in schools, daycare and alternative child care institutions.
However, there are prohibitions of it at home.
Corporal punishment is prohibited in schools in the Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 (RTE Act).
On 25 January 2000, the Supreme Court of Israel issued the landmark "Plonit" decision ruling that "corporal punishment of children by their parents is never educational", "always causes serious harm to the children" and "is indefensible".
This decision repealed section 7 of article 27 of the Civil Wrongs Ordinance 1944, which provided a defence for the use of corporal punishment in childrearing, and stated that "the law imposes an obligation on state authorities to intervene in the family unit and to protect the child when necessary, including from his parents."
As a result, all kinds of physical discipline against children were automatically banned through the country, as confirmed by multiple subsequent court rulings.
Nepal.
In September 2018, Nepal adopted the "Children's act 2018" which criminalises corporal punishment of children in all settings.
New Zealand.
The Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 or "anti-smacking bill" was introduced as a member's bill by Green Party Member of Parliament Sue Bradford in 2005 passed on its third reading on 16 May 2007 by 113 votes to eight.
The referendum was non-binding and did not lead to a change in the law.
It was noted at the time that "the wording of the proposition was misleading and ambiguous".
Norway.
School corporal punishment was explicitly prohibited in 1936.
In 1972, an 1891 law that gave parents some right to use corporal punishment of their children was removed from the constitution of assault in the Penal Code, which made corporal punishment of children unlawful and punishable as assault.
In order to clarify that violence towards children is not allowed, an explicit ban on corporal punishment of children came into force in 1987.
However, the Supreme Court of Norway ruled in 2005 that a light "careful slap" applied immediately after the "offence" was still allowed.
The legislature abolished this in 2010, and the current law is that any violence against children, including "careful slaps", is prohibited.
Poland.
In 1783, Poland became the world's first country to outlaw school corporal punishment and the first Slavic country to outlaw corporal punishment.
According to article 40 in the 1997 Constitution of Poland, "No one may be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.
The application of corporal punishment shall be prohibited."
However, there was a controversy whether parents' right to use corporal punishment of their children was supported by law or not, until 2010, when it became explicitly prohibited.
South Africa.
Common-law precedent in South Africa held that a parent may "inflict moderate and reasonable chastisement" on a child.
The judicial corporal punishment of juveniles was forbidden by the Constitutional Court in the 1995 case "S v Williams".
Corporal punishment in schools was banned by the South African Schools Act, 1996, and the application of that ban to private religious schools was upheld by the Constitutional Court in the case of "Christian Education South Africa v Minister of Education".
In 2013, the Department of Social Development prepared legislation to prohibit corporal punishment in the home.
In 2017 a decision by the Gauteng High Court held that corporal punishment in the home was unlawful, and that decision was confirmed for the whole country by the Constitutional Court in the 2019 case "Freedom of Religion South Africa v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development".
South Korea.
In South Korea, until 2021, article 915 of the Civil Act 1958 provided adults the "right to take disciplinary action".
Laws against violence and abuse were not generally interpreted as prohibiting corporal punishment of children.
In January 2021, article 915 was fully repealed and South Korea become the 62nd country in the world to ban all kinds of corporal punishment against children.
Spain.
All kinds of corporal punishment of children including "smacking" were banned by the 1st Zapatero government in December 2007.
School corporal punishment had been prohibited in 1985 by another Social-Democratic government.
In June 2021, the Spanish Parliament passed a new, pioneering child and adolescent protection law against all kinds of violence or abuse.
It was championed by the British-Spanish pianist James Rhodes and the left-wing party Unidas Podemos, but eventually supported by all political groups in Parliament except Vox.
A Code of Minors is also being drafted.
Sweden.
School corporal punishment was already banned since 1958.
On 1 July 1979, Sweden became the world's first nation to explicitly ban corporal punishment of children, through an amendment to the Parenthood and Guardianship Code which stated, "Children are entitled to care, security and a good upbringing.
Children are to be treated with respect for their person and individuality and may not be subjected to corporal punishment or any other humiliating treatment."
In Parliament - the law was supported 259 to 6 with 3 abstentions.
Corporal punishment in Sweden is not seen as a separate legal issue - but is handled according to the criteria for assault.
One thing that helped pave the way for the ban was a 1971 murder case where a 3-year-old girl was beaten to death by her stepfather.
The case shook the general public and preventing child abuse became a political hot topic for years to come.
Turkey.
Simple form.
In Turkey, corporal punishment is unlawful, considered assault, and is punishable by imprisonment for a term not less than 1 year and not more than 3 years if none of the special cases below occur.
Special cases.
If the courts deem that the perpetrator acted in a "fiendish" way, the punishment is increased to twice the original amount.
If either one or both of these are true, it is said that the act was "egregious".
However, the final punishment if these occur, cannot be less than imprisonment for a term of 3 years, or 5 years if the act was deemed to be "egregious".
However, the final punishment if these occur, cannot be less than imprisonment for a term of 5 years, or 8 years if the act was deemed to be "egregious".
If the victim suffers a broken bone as a result of corporal punishment being used on them, the courts may increase the final punishment by up to half its original amount, depending on the vitality of the broken bone to daily life.
If the victim dies as a result of corporal punishment being used on them but the act does not meet the criteria for murder, the final punishment must be imprisonment for a term not less than 8 years and not more than 12 years.
If the act was found to be "egregious", the term of imprisonment must be between 12 and 18 years.
United Kingdom.
In the United Kingdom, domestic corporal punishment varies by jurisdiction.
England.
The total abolition of corporal punishment has been discussed.
Seven out of ten parents said they themselves use corporal punishment.
Wales.
The Welsh Government introduced a Bill to abolish the defence of reasonable punishment in Wales.
On 20 March 2020 the Welsh Assembly passed the Children (Abolition of Defence of Reasonable Punishment) (Wales) Act 2020.
This change in the law gives children the same legal protection from assault as adults.
Scotland.
In Scotland, since 2003 it has been unlawful to punish a child using any implement, or to strike them upon the head and corporal punishment of children under the age of 3 is unlawful.
In 2017, the Scottish Government confirmed it would support a member's bill to ban all corporal punishment completely.
On 3 October 2019, the bill was backed in the Scottish Parliament by 84 votes to 29 making Scotland the first U.K. jurisdiction to ban all forms of corporal punishment.
Northern Ireland.
In Northern Ireland, laws regarding corporal punishment are similar to England.
It is unlawful to hit a child upon the head or use an implement.
United States.
Corporal punishment of children by parents is legal to some extent in all fifty of the United States, and is explicitly legal according to the state laws of all 50 states.
Social acceptance is generally high, through allowances made for "moderate physical discipline" (using this or similar language) in most states' laws regarding assault, criminal battery, domestic violence or child abuse.
Whether an instance of corporal punishment exceeds these bounds is usually decided on a case-by-case basis in family court proceedings.
Zimbabwe.
In 2014, the High Court of Harare ruled that corporal punishment violated the Constitution of Zimbabwe in all settings, with the Court calling for the Constitutional Court to confirm its decision.
who represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as crew member in the Soling.
is owned by .
Structure and operations.
The reorganisation of Spain's financial market under the national umbrella of the Spanish Stock Market includes the "bolsas", the derivatives markets, and fixed-income markets.
The IBEX 35 Index is a capitalization-weighted index comprising the 35 most liquid Spanish stocks traded in the continuous market, and is 's benchmark. also offers the FTSE-Latibex Index, a European market for Latin American stocks.
The Ibex New Market Index, for emerging companies, was offered from 2000 to 2007.
The was officially founded in 1831.
As required by Spanish law, it is managed and operated by the "Sociedad Rectora de la Bolsa de Valores de Madrid S.A.," a corporation organized under the laws of the Kingdom of Spain.
The membership of the Madrid Stock Exchange consists of 41 major financial institutions and 12 established securities dealers.
At December 31, 2001, approximately 1477 domestic and foreign companies had their equity securities listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange.
Building.
The Bolsa continues to occupy a nineteenth-century building, the Palace of la Bolsa de Madrid.
Despite the traditional setting, in 1993, the Bolsa de Madrid switched to all-electronic trading for fixed-income securities.
Seven in Darkness is an American made-for-TV adventure film directed by Michael Caffey and based on the novel "Against Heaven's Hand" by Leonard Bishop.
The film is affectionately recalled by Ethan Coen in "The Old Country", story 2 in his 1998 collection "Gates of Eden".
Plot.
The film follows a group of blind people who are flying to a convention for the blind in Seattle.
The group consists of its charismatic leader, Alex Swain, a former doctor-turned-teacher for the blind.
With him are his old friends Emily Garth, recently blinded Larry Wise, Ramon and Christine Rohas, who are expecting their first child at any moment, and singer Deborah Cabot, who is traveling with her sighted father.
Also along are Vietnam War hero Mark Larsen, who is harboring a guilty secret, and Sam Fuller (Milton Berle in a rare dramatic role), a bitter and selfish man who antagonizes everyone in the group.
Due to bad weather, the plane is hundreds of miles off course, and crashes in a forest.
The four sighted people (three crew members and Harlan Cabot, Deborah Cabot's father) are killed, while the eight blind passengers survive.
There is a blizzard approaching and the wreckage of the plane is teetering precariously on the side of the mountain.
The only hope for survival is to climb down the mountain and seek help.
The survivors turn to Mark to lead them out of the wilderness - a fact which Alex resents bitterly, and leads to further troubles.
Sam wants to strike out on his own.
Deborah is in shock over the death of her father.
Emily has an injured ankle, and Christine may give birth at any moment.
In addition to the weather and rough terrain, the survivors struggle to evade a pack of hungry wolves.
The group discovers an old railway line and attempts to follow it, but when they come to a river the crossing ends half-way and Larry is killed in a fall.
Christine gives birth to her baby, and Alex is attacked by a wolf.
They know they must get away before the pack, having tasted blood, comes back, but there appears to be no way to get across the river.
They eventually discover a rotting, wooden suspension footbridge over their heads - their only chance.
On the other side they continue to follow the railroad tracks until they run into a little boy and his dog.
The boy is frightened by the appearance of the strangers and wants only to get away, but Mark holds onto the dog, forcing the boy to go for his father.
Career.
During the martial law (1981-1983) held in prison.
He earned his doctoral degree in 1976.
He author of several books on astronomy and cosmology.
The Military ranks of the Albanian Kingdom were the military ranks used by the Royal Albanian Army.
Throughout its short history, the Albanian Kingdom had two ranks systems.
Charles Eastman died from complications of heart disease in Culver City, California on July 3, 2009.
Early life.
Eastman was born in Los Angeles, California, into a working-class family employed in motion pictures.
His father worked at Warner Bros. as a grip, and his mother was a longtime secretary for Bing Crosby.
Eastman's sister Carole also became a screenwriter.
Career and works.
Eastman began his career working in the Crosby office and appears as a prominent extra in many Bing Crosby films.
He was working in the script department at CBS in the 1950s and had written several plays that found a place in Los Angeles theatre, including "La Peregrina", "Victorey", "The Root of the Iceplant", and "The Hamster of Happiness".
"The Hamster of Happiness" became a screenplay produced at NBC as an "Experiment in Television", with Susan Tyrrell and Mildred Dunnock, and later a motion picture at Lorimar under the title "Second-Hand Hearts", directed by Hal Ashby.
Eastman was a "gifted and eccentric" writer, according to the "Los Angeles Times", who turned down option offers on his screenplays during the 1960s unless he could direct them himself.
Eastman's screenplay "Little Fauss and Big Halsy" was produced at Paramount, directed by Sidney J. Furie and released in 1970.
He shared "Esquire" magazine's Best Screenplay of the Year award with Bertolucci's "The Spider's Stratagem".
Robert Redford, the movie's star, said of the film, "That was the best screenplay of any film I've ever done, in my opinion.
It was without a doubt the most interesting, the funniest, the saddest, the most real and original."
Eastman wrote and directed "The All American Boy" for Warner Bros., starring Jon Voight.
It was Eastman's only directing credit.
He later elaborated, "For me, it was quite a revelation because it was the first contemporary screenplay I had read that just opened up the possibilities of everything that you could put into a screenplay in terms of language and the observations of contemporary life".
"Little Fauss and Big Halsy" and "The All American Boy" were among the first screenplays to be published in hardback by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
Other original screenplays by Eastman include "April 17, 1961", "The Hundredth Monkey", "Cowboy Christmas", and "Kazhiamira and the Night Guys".
He adapted the stories of "Desperadoes" and "Boomer".
Other produced plays he wrote include "The Un-American Cowboy", "Busy Bee Good Food All Night Delicious", and "Borders".
Eastman's short story "Yellow Flags" was published in "The Atlantic" and later anthologized in the 1993 O. Henry Prize Stories collection.
Eastman's photo collection comprising over 50 years of screenplay research and celebrity photos is available through Getty Images.
People magazine and Hello!
The Despotate of Epirus () was one of the Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a branch of the Angelos dynasty.
The term "Despotate of Epirus" is, like "Byzantine Empire" itself, a modern historiographic convention and not a name in use at the time.
The Despotate was centred on the region of Epirus, encompassing also Albania and the western portion of Greek Macedonia and also included Thessaly and western Greece as far south as Nafpaktos.
Through a policy of aggressive expansion under Theodore Komnenos Doukas the Despotate of Epirus also briefly came to incorporate central Macedonia, with the establishment of the Empire of Thessalonica in 1224, and Thrace as far east as Didymoteicho and Adrianopolis, and was on the verge of recapturing Constantinople and restoring the Byzantine Empire before the Battle of Klokotnitsa in 1230 where he was defeated by the Bulgarian Empire.
After that, the Epirote state contracted to its core in Epirus and Thessaly, and was forced into vassalage to other regional powers.
It nevertheless managed to retain its autonomy until being conquered by the restored Palaiologan Byzantine Empire in ca.
1337.
In the 1410s, the Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos Carlo I Tocco managed to reunite the core of the Epirote state, but his successors gradually lost it to the advancing Ottoman Empire, with the last stronghold, Vonitsa, falling to the Ottomans in 1479.
Nomenclature.
In traditional and modern historiography, the Epirote state is usually termed the "Despotate of Epirus" and its rulers are summarily attributed the title of "Despot" from its inception, but this use is not strictly accurate.
His successor Theodore Komnenos Doukas did not use it either, and actually crowned himself emperor ("basileus") at Thessalonica .
The first ruler of Epirus to receive the title of Despot was Michael II, from his uncle Manuel of Thessalonica in the 1230s, and then again, as a sign of submission and vassalage, from the Nicaean emperor John III Vatatzes.
Furthermore, even after Michael II, speaking of the Epirote rulers as "Despots "of" Epirus" is technically incorrect.
Consequently, it was often borne by the princes sent to govern semi-autonomous appanages and only later came to be associated with these territories as the practice became regularized (aside from Epirus, the Despotate of the Morea is the most notable case).
The territorial term "despotate" itself (in Greek , ) was first used in contemporary sources for Epirus only from the 14th century on, e.g. in the "Chronicle of the Morea", in the history of John Kantakouzenos, the hagiography of St. Niphon, or the "Chronicle of the Tocco", where the inhabitants of the Despotate are referred to as the "Despotatoi".
The term "Despotate of Epirus" is thus sometimes replaced by "(Independent) State of Epirus" in more recent historiography.
The Epirote realm itself did not have an official name.
Contemporaries, particularly in Western Europe, used the term "Romania" (), which generally referred to the whole Byzantine Empire, to refer specifically to Epirus, as seen in the Latin title of "Despotus Romanie" claimed by Philip I of Taranto and his son Philip of Apulia, Nicholas Orsini, and later Carlo I Tocco.
Moreover, the term "Hellenes" was widely used instead of the earlier "Romans" by the 13th-century court of the Despotate to describe its population.
Foundation.
The Epirote state was founded in 1205 by Michael Komnenos Doukas, a cousin of the Byzantine emperors Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos.
At first, Michael allied with Boniface of Montferrat, but having lost the Morea (Peloponnese) to the Franks at the battle of the Olive Grove of Koundouros, he went to Epirus, where he considered himself the Byzantine governor of the old province of Nicopolis and revolted against Boniface.
Epirus soon became the new home of many refugees from Constantinople, Thessaly, and the Peloponnese, and Michael was described as a second Noah, rescuing men from the Latin flood.
Henry of Flanders demanded that Michael submit to the Latin Empire, which he did, at least nominally, by allowing his daughter to marry Henry's brother Eustace in 1209.
Michael did not honour this alliance, assuming that mountainous Epirus would be mostly impenetrable by any Latins with whom he made and broke alliances.
Meanwhile, Boniface's relatives from Montferrat made claims to Epirus as well, and in 1210 Michael allied with the Venetians and attacked Boniface's Kingdom of Thessalonica.
Pope Innocent III excommunicated him in response.
Henry forced Michael into a renewed nominal alliance later that year.
Michael turned his attention to capturing other strategically important Latin-held towns, including Larissa and Dyrrhachium.
He also took control of the ports on the Gulf of Corinth.
In 1214 he captured Corcyra from Venice, but he was assassinated later that year and was succeeded by his half-brother Theodore.
Conflict with Nicaea and Bulgaria.
Theodore Komnenos Doukas immediately set out to attack Thessalonica, and he fought with the Bulgarians along the way.
Henry of Flanders died on the way to counterattack, and in 1217 Theodore captured his successor Peter of Courtenay, most likely executing him.
The Latin Empire, however, became distracted by the growing power of Nicaea and could not stop Theodore from capturing Thessalonica in 1224.
Theodore now challenged Nicaea for the imperial title and crowned himself emperor, founding the short-lived Empire of Thessalonica.
In 1225, after John III Doukas Vatatzes of Nicaea had taken Adrianople, Theodore arrived and took it back from him.
Theodore also allied with the Bulgarians and drove the Latins out of Thrace.
In 1227 Theodore crowned himself Byzantine emperor, although this was not recognized by most Greeks, especially not the Patriarch in Nicaea.
In 1230 Theodore broke the truce with Bulgaria, hoping to remove Ivan Asen II, who had held him back from attacking Constantinople.
In the battle of Klokotnitsa (near Haskovo in Bulgaria) the Bulgarian emperor defeated Theodore, capturing and later blinding him.
His brother Manuel Komnenos Doukas took power in Thessalonica, but Epirus itself soon broke away under Michael I's illegitimate son, Michael II Komnenos Doukas.
1236.
In the rump Empire of Thessalonica, after Theodore was released in 1237, he overthrew his brother Manuel, and set up his son John Komnenos Doukas as ruler of Thessalonica.
Nicaean and Byzantine suzerainty.
Thessalonica never regained its power after the battle of Klokotnitsa.
Theodore's younger son Demetrios Angelos Doukas lost Thessalonica to Nicaea in 1246 and Michael II of Epirus allied with the Latins against the Nicaeans.
Vatatzes' granddaughter Maria later (in 1256) married Michael's son Nikephoros, although she died in 1258.
Also in 1248 Michael's daughter Anna married William II, Prince of Achaea, and Michael decided to honour this alliance over his obligations to Vatatzes.
The allies were defeated in the ensuing conflict at the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259.
Emperor Theodore II Laskaris allied with Michael II, and their children, betrothed by John years before, finally married in 1256, with Theodore receiving Dyrrhachium in return.
Michael did not accept this transfer of land, and in 1257 he revolted, defeating a Nicaean army led by George Acropolites.
As Michael marched on Thessalonica, he was attacked by King Manfred of Sicily, who conquered Albania and Corcyra.
However, Michael immediately allied with him by marrying his daughter Helena to him.
After Theodore II died, Michael, Manuel, and William II fought the new Nicaean emperor, Michael VIII Palaiologos.
The alliance was very unstable and in 1259 William was captured at the disastrous Battle of Pelagonia.
Michael VIII went on to capture Michael II's capital of Arta, leaving Epirus with only Ioannina and Vonitsa.
Arta was recovered by 1260 while Michael VIII was occupied against Constantinople.
Italian invasions.
After Michael VIII restored the empire in Constantinople in 1261 he frequently harassed Epirus, and forced Michael's son Nikephoros to marry his niece Anna Palaiologina Kantakouzene in 1265.
Michael considered Epirus a vassal state, although Michael II and Nikephoros continued to ally with the Princes of Achaea and the Dukes of Athens.
Michael VIII did not attempt to annex Epirus directly, and allowed Nikephoros I to succeed his father and deal with Charles, who captured Dyrrhachium in 1271.
In 1279 Nikephoros allied with Charles against Michael VIII, agreeing to become Charles' vassal.
With Charles' defeat soon after Nikephoros lost Albania to the Byzantines.
Under Andronikos II Palaiologos, son of Michael VIII, Nikephoros renewed the alliance with Constantinople.
Nikephoros, however, was persuaded to ally with Charles II of Naples in 1292, although Charles was defeated by Andronikos's fleet.
Nikephoros married his daughter to Charles's son Philip I of Taranto and sold much of his territory to him.
After Nikephoros's death in c. 1297 Byzantine influence grew under his widow Anna, Andronikos's cousin, who ruled as regent for her young son Thomas I Komnenos Doukas.
In 1312 Philip abandoned his claim to Epirus and claimed the defunct Latin Empire of Constantinople instead as the inheritance of his wife Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea.
Collapse of the despotate.
He was overthrown by his brother John in 1323, who attempted to balance submission to Constantinople with cooperation with the Angevins of Naples, who also claimed Greece as part of their domains.
John was poisoned around 1335 by his wife Anna, who became regent for their son Nikephoros II.
Andronikos first dealt with unrest due to attacks by Albanians and then turned his interest to the Despotate.
Anna tried to negotiate and obtain the Despotate for her son when he came of age, but Andronikos demanded the complete surrender of the Despotate to which she finally agreed.
Thus Epirus came peacefully under imperial rule, with Theodore Synadenos as governor.
The imperials had insisted that Nikephoros would be engaged to one of the daughters of the emperor's right-hand man, John Kantakouzenos.
When the time of the engagement came, Nikephoros had vanished.
Andronikos learned that Nikephoros had fled to Italy, with the help of members of the Epirote aristocracy who supported an independent Epirus.
He stayed in Taranto, Italy, in the court of Catherine II of Valois (Philip of Taranto's widow), the titular empress of Constantinople.
In 1339 a revolt began, supported by Catherine of Valois, who had previously moved to the Peloponnese, and by Nikephoros who had returned to Epirus, based in Thomokastron.
By the end of the year the imperial army returned to the area, and in the following year, 1340, Andronikos III himself arrived together with John Kantakouzenos.
Nikephoros was persuaded through diplomacy to recognize the authority of the emperor.
He surrendered Thomokastron, married Maria Kantakouzene, the daughter of John Kantakouzenos, and received the title of "panhypersebastos".
After Thomas' death in 1384, his widow remarried in 1385 and transferred the Despotate to homage of Italian nobility.
The state tradition was carried on by the Serbian and Italian rulers of Ioannina, who solicited aid from the Ottoman Turks against the Albanians.
By 1416 the Tocco family of Cephalonia succeeded in reuniting Epirus, or at least in asserting their control over its towns.
But internal dissension eased the Ottoman conquest, which proceeded with the capture of Ioannina in 1430, Arta in 1449, Angelokastron in 1460, and finally Vonitsa in 1479.
Early life.
Bouchikhi was born in Arles, France to a Moroccan father and an Algerian mother.
Personal life.
His brother, Ahmed Bouchiki, was assassinated by Mossad agents in the Norwegian town of Lillehammer in July 1973 in the Lillehammer affair.
Bouchikhi, a waiter, had been mistaken for Ali Hassan Salameh.
He is also UNESCO's special envoy for peace, and has held a major concert in Israel with his band.
He has also played before Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords peace negotiations.
In 2014 Bouchikhi visited Israel.
When asked in an interview with "The Independent" about his decision to refuse to participate in a boycott of the country, he insisted that reconciliation was more important than holding grudges.
Tehov is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.
It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Geography.
Tehov is located about southeast of Prague.
The highest point is at above sea level.
History.
The first written mention of Tehov is from 1309.
There was a castle, founded in the 12th century.
In 1547, the castle was already described as abandoned. the villagers gradually dismantled it into building material for their houses.
Sights.
The landmark of Tehov is the Church of Saint John the Baptist.
It is a Baroque church with the core from the second half of the 14th century.
in the Shandong province of China.
She was a beautiful, intelligent, wealthy woman, married with three children.
Her husband Ma Yu was a close disciple of Wang Chongyang.
At the age of 51, she took up the study of the Tao and herself became a disciple of Wang Chongyang, serving as a Taoist priestess.
She eventually left her home and traveled to the city of Luoyang where after twelve years of practice, at Fengxiangu cave, she attained the Tao and, it is said, became an immortal.
Sun was a teacher with several disciples, and founded the Purity and Tranquility School (Qingjing Lineage), and wrote many poems.
Early life.
Sun Bu'er was born (as Sun Fuchun) in 1119, in a small town located within the Ninghai district of Shandong.
Her birth was thought to be the result of a dream her mother had near the time of conception.
The crane is a symbol of immortality and is seen as the bird of longevity.
After this dream her mother intuitively knew that she would give birth to a divine being.
At a young age, Sun Bu'er was already exhibiting saintly characteristics.
She was very intelligent, lived out the Tao through chants, poems, and practicing calligraphy, and she was devoted to the rites and rules of propriety.
Sun Bu'er received literary education from her father (Sun Zhongjing), who was a literary scholar.
In her teens she married Ma Yu (Ma Danyang), and the couple had three sons together.
Their lives would remain quiet until 1167, when Wang Chongyang's arrival changed their lives.
The School of Complete Perfection.
He began a new movement named "Complete Perfection".
Sun Bu'er's husband, Ma Yu, became an eager follower of Wang.
This relationship caused disruption in Sun Bu'er's family life.
Sun became so angry with Wang's interference in her social role that she hoped he would starve to death during his retreat.
He was still alive after 100 days, during which he had perfected his sainthood.
This caused Sun Bu'er to recognize her religious calling.
In order for her husband to pursue his divine path she had to let him be free.
She then decided to leave her family, which contradicted what was seen as her wifely duty.
She then began her role in becoming one of the few women in the "Seven Perfected".
This became a major statement in the conflict women undergo between their social role and their religious calling.
Life as a "Seven Perfected".
Sun Bu'er finally joined the "Seven Perfected" after being urged ten times by Wang to convert.
Once formally part of the group, Sun Bu'er received her Taoist name, Bu'er.
She became a Taoist nun of Complete Perfection Order and a resident of the Golden Lotus Hall, where she received the title, "Serene one of clarity and Tranquility".
Sun Bu'er was then able to engage in advanced rituals.
Some of these rituals consisted of conducting exorcism and acquiring spiritual powers.
Sun then moved west, where she fought rain, frost and bad terrain.
She began following the "Zhouyi cantong qi" (Tally to the book of changes), which gave her instruction to practice her reversed breathing.
She unblocked the orifices in her body, and refined the "Qi" (energy flow) in her three cinnabar fields (located between the eyebrows in the head, the heart and abdomen).
She eventually attained full realization of the Tao.
Sun Bu'er then moved to Luoyang and attracted disciples.
She set herself up in a residence called "Feng xiangu dong" (Grotto of the Immortal Lady Feng).
She founded a female lineage there and became known for her eccentricity and for her ability to perform exorcisms.
Sun Bu'er did not appear among the Seven Perfected until sixty years after her death.
She then received the formal title "Perfected of Clarity and Tranquility and Deep Perfection Who Follows Virtue".
Renunciation of physical attractiveness.
Sun Bu'er is most known for her journey from Shang Dong to Luoyang, where she intentionally made herself ugly by splashing boiling oil on her face to destroy her beauty.
She did this in order to survive her trip unmolested.
Sun Bu'er knew her physical attractiveness made her a target for men and could hinder her chances of completing her journey.
A goal of Sun Bu'er's journey was to overcome her physical attractiveness, that inhibited her Taoist cultivation.
By completing this action she then became recognized for her dedication to the Tao.
Role for Taoist women.
Sun Bu'er serves as a model and matriarch for women who follow the tradition of Complete Perfection.
She was the only woman to become one of the Complete Perfected.
Women who ordained into Complete Perfection Order follow her spiritual path for women.
Her determination to lead the life of a female ascetic, devoted to the Tao, and have inspired countless other women.
Accomplishments.
Sun Bu'er wrote a set of fourteen poems and is credited with various alchemical works.
She used her poems and verses to give women a general outline of the alchemical enterprise for women.
The poems describe the cosmic connection of an individual's "qi" (energy flow) and the tendency of humans to fall into sensory complications.
The poems outline the path to wholeness and how to achieve the "Tao" through meditation, breathing exercises, the reversion of "qi", and ending menstruation.
Sun Bu'er wrote about letting nature taking its natural course.
Sun Bu'er died in 1182, having predicted the hour of her departure.
Before she died, she groomed herself, put on clean clothes, presented herself to her disciples, and recited a poem, therefore she was able to control her body and life.
Sun Bu'er realized her original destiny by returning to the realm of immortals, reaffirming her role as a part of the eternal Dao.
Family and Education.
Thomas Jeremiah Williams was the eldest son of William Williams who was Liberal Member of Parliament for the Swansea District from 1893 to 1895.
He was educated at University College School, London, Sheffield Technical College and Firth College.
In 1912, he married Laura Alice Marlow of Southport.
Career.
Williams was involved in technical and commercial training.
He was director of a number of companies, principally in the tinplate industry but also with interests in the colliery and railway sectors.
He qualified for the law, practising at the Bar on the South Wales and Chester Circuit.
Politics.
Williams first stood for Parliament at the 1906 general election as Liberal candidate in the Gower constituency in West Glamorgan.
Although Gower had been a Liberal seat and 1906 was a landslide election year for the Liberals, Williams was beaten by 299 votes by an Independent Liberal candidate John Williams in a three-cornered contest with the Unionist, E Holme, in third place.
Williams did not contest a seat at either of the general elections of 1910 but was adopted for his father's old seat of Swansea District for a by-election there on 6 February 1915 when the sitting MP, David Brynmor Jones was appointed a judge.
He held the seat for the Coalition.
Swansea District constituency was abolished in 1918, but Williams was adopted as Coalition Liberal candidate for the new Swansea East seat at the 1918 general election.
He won the seat in a straight fight with Labour candidate David Williams.
Death.
Williams died on 12 June 1919 at the young age of 47 years after a long illness from colitis at his home in Maesygwernen Hall near Swansea.
The C. K. Schoonmaker Stone House is located on Queens Highway near the hamlet of Kerhonkson, New York, United States, in the Ulster County town of Rochester.
It is a stone bank house erected in the early 19th century.
It has remained mostly intact from the time of its construction.
In 1997 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Building.
The house is on a lot on the east side of Queens Highway, approximately north of highway US 209.
The area is rural, a combination of woodlots and small fields.
The lot is mostly wooded, with many mature locust trees and shrubbery partially screening the house from the road.
The foundation of an old barn is located to the east.
The house itself is a two-story five-bay stone structure built into a rise in the land so that its basement is exposed on the south (front) side.
It is topped by a gabled roof pierced by brick chimneys at either end.
A three-quarter-width shed-roofed two-story frame addition is on the west.
Ivy covers the south end of the front facade and that side's chimney.
All windows have board-and-batten shutters.
A centrally located two-story wooden porch shelters the main entrance on the basement level behind vertical wainscot and diagonal latticework.
Above it is a balustraded balcony whose gabled roof is supported by square pillars.
At the rear a corresponding entrance on the upper floor is complemented by a full-length patio.
Next to the wing on the west is a basement door sheltered by a cantilevered porch.
On the rear elevation a shed-roofed dormer window surmounts the main entrance.
The main entrance, with sidelights and transom, opens onto an interior with a central hall plan on both floors.
Both the modern and historic kitchen, with the remains of a beehive oven, are on the first floor.
Many rooms retain original finishes, such as the wall plaster, wideboard flooring and exposed ceiling beams, along with some original molding.
History.
The house was built in the early 19th century, a variant on the linear model of stone houses popular at the time.
It was called a bank house since it was built into a rise in the earth, like a few others in the town.
At some point in the late 20th century the shed-roofed dormer window over the main entrance was removed.
Cecilio Lastra (born August 12, 1951 in Santander, Cantabria) is a former Spanish professional boxer.
The highlight of Lastra's career came in 1977 when he won the WBA world featherweight title against Rafael Ortega.
During his career he also became the Spanish champion and twice challenged for the EBU title.
Professional career.
Lastra made his professional debut at the age of 24, with a six round points victory against Juan Barros in December 1975.
As with the majority of his early fights, the bout took place in his hometown of Santander.
Lastra won the first twelve fights of his career, including six first round knockouts, before losing for the first time, in September 1976, against Carlos Hernandez.
Following this defeat, Lastra won eight successive fights in Santander, before beating Isidoro Cabeza for the Spanish featherweight title.
He suffered his first knockout defeat in August 1977, losing in the eleventh round against Roberto Castanon in his first title defence.
In December 1977 Lastra challenged Rafael Ortega for the WBA featherweight title in front of an estimated crowd of 6,300 in Santander.
Ortega, a Panamanian who had won the title earlier in the year, was knocked down in the second round after a left jab to the nose.
The champion rose from the canvas at the count of eight and lasted the full fifteen rounds.
At the end of the contest the scorecards revealed a split decision in Lastra's favour.
For the first defence of his title Lastra travelled to Panama City to fight Eusebio Pedroza in April 1978.
The 22-year-old challenger knocked Lastra down three times en route to a thirteenth-round technical knockout victory.
Biography.
Born in Berlin in 1709, Falbe was instructed at first by Harper and later by A. Pesne.
Several etchings based on Rembrandt's paintings, or in the master's style, are attributed to him.
Some extant copies are signed with Falbe's monogram have survived.
The family Corydalidae contains the megalopterous insects known as dobsonflies and fishflies.
Making up about one dozen genera, they occur primarily throughout the Northern Hemisphere, both temperate and tropical, and South America.
They often have long filamentous antennae, though in male fishflies they are characteristically feathered.
The four large wings are translucent, smoky grey, or mixed, and the anterior pair is slightly longer than the posterior one.
Their aquatic larvae are used as fish bait and are called hellgrammites.
The eastern dobsonfly, "Corydalus cornutus", is the most well-known North American species among the dobsonflies.
These genera have distinctive elongated mandibles in males and form the subfamily Corydalinae.
The genera in which the males have normal mandibles, called fishflies, form the subfamily Chauliodinae.
The larvae are aquatic, active, armed with strong sharp mandibles, and breathe by means of abdominal branchial filaments.
He and his brother Maccus were active in the lands around the Irish Sea in the 970s and 980s.
Origins.
Their father Aralt or Harald is usually identified with the Aralt mac Sitric, king of Norse-Gael Limerick, who was killed in Connacht in 940.
An alternative proposal, advanced by Benjamin Hudson, makes Gofraid and Maccus sons of a Viking chief named Harald who was active in Normandy, but this has received little support.
Activities.
The first record of Gofraid is probably an attack on Anglesey in 971 by a son of Harald.
The "Brut y Tywysogion" states that it was Gofraid who led this.
The following year he collected tribute from Anglesey.
He probably led a raid on Powys in 979, and in 980 was allied with Custennin ap Iago, and they again ravaged Anglesey, but Custennin was killed by Hywel ap Ieuaf.
Chester was attacked in 980, the attackers perhaps led by Gofraid.
In 982 he was again in Wales, this time in the southwest attacking Dyfed.
Their combined armies and fleets attacked Dublin.
An unnamed son of Harald won a battle on the Isle of Man in 987, but whether this was Maccus or Gofraid is unclear.
Gofraid attacked Anglesey for the third time in 987, according to the "Brut y Tywysogion", taking 2,000 captives.
The notice of his death calls him king of "Innse Gall", that is the Hebrides.
Gofraid and Maccus are both usually included in lists of rulers of the Isle of Man.
Descendants.
Gofraid's son Ragnall died in Munster in 1005, and he too is called king of the Hebrides.
Echmarcach mac Ragnaill may or may not have been Gofraid's grandson, as he is also contended to have been a grandchild or great-grandchild of Ivar of Waterford.
The same is the case for Cacht ingen Ragnaill, queen of Donnchad mac Briain, often assumed to be Echmarcach's sister.
Tegostoma marginalis is a moth in the family Crambidae.
This is the list of cathedrals in Bolivia.
Francis Euclides Martes Suazo (born November 24, 1995) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent.
Martes was signed by the Miami Marlins as an international free agent in 2012.
He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 2017 with the Houston Astros.
Career.
Miami Marlins.
Martes was signed by the Miami Marlins as an international free agent in November 2012.
Houston Astros.
Martes started 2015 with the Quad Cities River Bandits.
He was later that season promoted to the Lancaster JetHawks and Double-A Corpus Christi Hooks.
He returned to Corpus Christi in 2016 and after the season played in the Arizona Fall League.
The Astros invited Martes to spring training as a non-roster player in 2017.
Martes began the 2017 season with the Fresno Grizzlies of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League.
The Astros promoted Martes to the MLB for the first time on June 8, 2017.
He made his MLB debut the next day.
He returned to Fresno in 2018.
On August 15, 2018, Martes underwent Tommy John surgery.
On June 19, 2021, Martes was activated off of the restricted list and optioned to the Triple-A Sugar Land Skeeters.
He was outrighted to Sugar Land on July 4.
He was released on August 17, 2021.
Mexican League.
Martes was waived on June 29, 2022.
On June 30, 2022, Martes was claimed off waivers by the Guerreros de Oaxaca.
On December 29, 2022, Martes was traded to the Toros de Tijuana in exchange for Fernando Rodney.
Eman Suleman (born 1 January 1992) is a Pakistani model and actress.
She started her modeling career in 2017 and since then appeared in ramps and advertisements.
She is also known for her role as Yasmeen in Sarmad Khoosat's "Aakhri Station" (2018).
In 2019, she receives nomination for Best Emerging Model at 18th Lux Style Awards.
LeRoy Walters (born 1940) is an American philosopher and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
Professor Emeritus of Christian Ethics at Georgetown University.
Acacia salicina is a thornless species of "Acacia" tree native to Australia.
It is a large shrub or small evergreen tree growing up to 13.7m (45 feet) tall.
Fast grower dropping lots of leaf litter.
In the Northern Hemisphere, "Acacia salicina" flowers primarily from October to January and the seed pods are often visible from April to July.
The tree's seeds are shiny, black and have a crimson appendage-like aril.
"Acacia salicina" is "closely related" to "Acacia ligulata" and "Acacia bivenosa".
Common names.
Common names include cooba, native willow, willow wattle, Broughton willow, sally wattle, black sallee and black wattle.
The Wiradjuri people of New South Wales use the name "Guba".
Natural growing conditions.
"Acacia salicina" is found in parts of Eastern Australia.
The average yearly precipitation over the entire range is 375-550mm, with the plant itself found growing in regions receiving in excess of 1500mm annually in northern Queensland and as low as 100mm annually in central Australia.
Its natural altitude range is from 50-300m above sea level.
It does well in full sun exposure and it tolerates frosts down to -6.7 deg.
C (-20 deg.
F).
Uses.
Erosion management.
"Acacia salicina" can be used to help stabilize riverbanks and other areas.
Fodder.
The tree's foliage and seed pods are important fodder for livestock during dry periods, since the tree can withstand drought quite well.
Its foliage and pods compare quite poorly to other fodders with regard to digestibility by livestock.
This affects its available nutritional value.
This is another tree which is rapidly becoming scarce, owing to the partiality of stock to it."
Food.
The seeds are edible.
Landscaping.
"Acacia salicina" is excellent for landscaping in dry areas.
Tannin.
The bark has a high tannin content.
Wood.
The wood is very hard and it is used in making fine furniture.
At one time, the tree's wood was used in the manufacture of axles for wagon wheels.
"Acacia salicina's" wood burns nicely and makes good fuel.
The tree produces seed and timber for woodworking in as little as five years after planting.
Other uses.
The bark has been traditionally put to use by Indigenous Australians as a toxin for fishing.
The leaves of "A. salicina" are thought to be psychoactive, since indigenous Australians "burn its leaves and smoke the ash to obtain a state of inebriation."
The 1889 book, "The Useful Native Plants of Australia", records that common names included "Native Willow" and "Broughton Willow" near the Broughton River in South Australia.
It also records it was called "Cooba" or "Kooba" by Indigenous people in Western New South Wales and "Motherumba" by those on the Castlereagh River, New South Wales.
Weed status.
Acacia salicina spreads widely through seed dispersal, and individual trees can rapidly form thickets through production of adventitious shoots from the root system.
History.
The castle has been modified throughout its history.
Around 1050, it did not resemble a defensive fortress but a large agricultural domain.
In about 1360, with the Hundred Years War, it was modified into a fortress.
It was demolished on the orders of Louis XI in 1461 through plain jealousy.
Descendants of Colbert occupied Creully until the French Revolution in 1789, when it was confiscated and sold to various rich landowners.
In 1946, the "commune" of Creully became the owner of part of the site.
The castle's large halls are used today for various events, including weddings, concerts, exhibitions and conferences.
The site is classified as a "monument historique".
Second World War.
From 7 June 1944, the day after D-Day, until 21 July, the square tower housed BBC war correspondents and their radio studio, where the first news of the Battle of Normandy was transmitted.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill visited him there.
See also.
Michael Bernard Salmon (born 14 July 1964) is an English football coach and former player.
Career.
Salmon played as a goalkeeper, and in a career of 21 years, spent ten of them with Charlton Athletic.
He began his career as a trainee with Blackburn Rovers, making his debut in a 1-1 draw against Chelsea.
He also gained experience early in his career with Chester, Stockport County, Bolton Wanderers and Wrexham before joining the "Addicks" in 1989.
In and out of the first team at Charlton over the years due to a number of injuries, he made 148 league appearances, before a serious cruciate ligament injury, sustained in January 1998 against Manchester City at Maine Road, put an end to his first-team career.
A disastrous single game on loan at Oxford United saw him concede seven goals.
He finished his playing career at, then Premier League team Ipswich Town, as the back up 'keeper to England goalkeeper Richard Wright.
He retired in 2002 having made around 500 first-team appearances and took up coaching.
Coaching career.
In 2002, he joined Arsenal as goalkeeping coach.
He also coached the 1st Team 'keepers at Gillingham from 2002 to 2004.
He remained with Arsenal until he emigrated to Canada with his family in 2007.
He was the goalkeeper coach for Vancouver Whitecaps FC in Major League Soccer until 2011.
Salmon holds an English Football Association Goalkeeping 'A' Licence and a UEFA 'A' Coaching Licence.
Honours.
Lyube () is a Russian rock band from Lyubertsy, a city in Moscow Oblast.
Lyube's music is a mixture of several genres, with influences from both Russian folk music, rock, Russian chanson, and Soviet military songs.
The band was founded in 1989, and since then have released sixteen albums.
Lyube's producer and main songwriter is Igor Matviyenko.
History.
Igor Matviyenko was a music producer and composer working at the Soviet music studio SPM Record when he came up with the idea to start Lyube in 1988.
His goal was to put together a band with patriotic themed songs and a strong male vocal.
After devoting time to finding the right frontman, Matvienko chose Nikolay Rastorguyev, with whom he had worked earlier in the band "Leysia, pesnia" ().
Rastorguyev came up with the band's name.
"Lyube" has two simultaneous derivations.
It is a nickname for the Moscow suburb of Lyubertsy, which is where Rastorguyev lived.
It is also a slang word meaning "any" and signifies a diversity of choices or views.
Initially, the band had Aleksandr Nikolayev on bass, Vyacheslav Tereshenok on guitar, Rinat Bakhteev on drums, and Aleksandr Davydov on keyboard, with Rastorguyev as the lead vocalist.
Over time, only Rastorguyev remained of the original group.
Lyube's first tour took place in 1989, with the band giving concerts in the Russian cities of Pyatigorsk and Zheleznovodsk.
These initial concerts were poorly attended.
The band's first real break took place in December 1989 when they were invited to perform in a series of concerts sponsored by Alla Pugacheva.
Rastorguyev wore an old-style military uniform for the performance.
After that, the uniform became a part of the singer's image for many years.
The band released its first compilation of songs in 1990, titled "We will now live a new way" ().
The same year, the band's membership changed, with Yuriy Ripyakh taking over on drums and Vitaliy Loktev taking over on keyboard.
Aleksandr Vaynberg came on board as second guitar.
After the release of the compilation, Lyube gained national exposure in Russia, appearing in television programs and being nominated to take place in the prestigious "Song of the Year" () competition.
In 1991, Lyube released its first official LP.
The debut album was titled "Atas" (), and included the title song, along with the songs "Pops Makhno" (), "Taganskaya station" (), "Don't destroy, you men" (), and "Lyubertsy" ().
These songs were already well known to Lyube fans from the band's performances in concert, on the radio, and on television.
The recording took place at recording studio "Sound" () and at a studio of the Moscow Palace of Youth.
The album cover featured a photograph of the band members dressed like Red Army soldiers from the days of the Russian Civil War, further building on Rastorguyev's and the band's military styling.
The same year, Lyube held a series of concerts at the Moscow sports mega-complex "Olympic" () where they unveiled a number of new songs, including "Stop fooling around, America" (), "Rabbit fur" (), and "Have mercy, Lord, upon us sinners and save us..." ().
Lyube filmed their first music video in 1991 in the Russian city of Sochi, using "Stop fooling around, America" as the song.
The music video incorporated early CGI and animation elements.
In 1994, the music video was submitted to the Midem festival in Cannes and received a special jury prize for "Comedic and visual quality".
After its initial success, the band's membership changed again.
Evgeniy Nasibulin and Oleg Zenin were added as back-up vocalists.
Yuriy Ripyakh was replaced on drums by Aleksandr Erokhin, previously the drummer for the group "Gulyai Poleh" ().
Aleksandr Nikolayev was replaced on bass by Sergey Bashlykov.
By this time, the band had built a fan base and developed a large following in Russia.
In 1992, Lyube released its second album, titled "Who said that we lived badly...?"
().
The songs for the album were recorded at the Moscow Palace of Youth and Stas Namin's Studio, and the mastering was completed at studio MSM in Munich, Germany.
The album included such hits as "Come, let's play" (), "Stop fooling around, America", "Rabbit fur", "Tram five" (), and "Old noble" ().
Around the release of the second album, Aleksandr Vaynberg and Oleg Zenin left the band in order to start their own group called "Nashe Delo" ().
Lyube's follow-up to their sophomore effort took two years to complete.
The new album was titled "Lyube Zone" (), which was a play on words as the term "zone" has a secondary meaning that refers to a camp for convicts.
Some songs on the new album featured Russian folk instruments, including the balalaika, the domra, and the bayan.
A number of songs were recorded using teams of back-up vocalists led by Anatoliy Kuleshov, who joined the group in 1994.
The recording was done at studios at Mosfilm and the mastering was completed by the German company Audiorent.
Upon completing the album, the group decided to combine the music videos based on the album's songs into a feature film.
Directed by Dmitry Zolotukhin, the film was produced with the participation of studios Kontakt, Mosfilm, and Gorky.
Marina Levtova took on the lead role, while secondary roles were played by a number of known film and stage actors.
The film's story was based on seven songs from the new album.
Levtova played a reporter who travels to a camp for convicts, where she interviews convicts, guards, and orphans from a nearby orphanage.
Each person's story becomes one of the group's songs.
The group delayed the release of their third album by more than a year while the film was being completed in order to ensure a simultaneous release of the album and the accompanying film.
With "Lyube Zone", the group diversified its musical output, adding softer songs and rock ballads.
The album was a critical and commercial success and won the "Bronze spinner" () award as the best domestic release for 1994.
As the album was being completed in 1993, band member Vyacheslav Tereshonok died from a drug overdose and was replaced by Sergey Pereguda who earlier was part of such Russian music groups as "Integral" () and "Veselye Rebyata" ().
In 1995, Lyube recorded the song "Kombat" ().
The lyrics were written by Aleksandr Shaganov and the music was created by Igor Matvienko.
The song has a military feel to it and chronicles episodes from World War II.
The first live performance of Kombat took place in Moscow at a concert celebrating the 50 years anniversary of the Allied victory over Nazi Germany.
Kombat became the title song and the first single for the group's next album and was recognized as the "best song of 1995" in Russia.
The album Kombat was released in 1996 and, in addition to the title song, contained the songs "Moscow streets" (), "Demobilization soon" (), "AWOL" (), and "There served two friends" (), all of which featured war-related themes.
Fittingly, the album cover depicted a red star atop a military uniform.
Most of the songs included on Kombat combined elements of Russian folk music with modern rock, which became a distinctive feature of Lyube's sound.
In May 1996, Lyube played a live television concert as part of unveiling Kombat.
Given the military action taking place in Chechnya and the Caucasus in 1996, the war themes of Kombat resonated with Russian audiences.
The title song topped the charts and the album received the award for "best album of 1996".
That same year, Rastorguyev fulfilled a long time dream by recording and producing an album of Beatles songs that was titled "Four nights in Moscow" ().
By the end of 1996, Lyube was at the height of its popularity despite losing Aleksandr Nikolayev, their long-time bass player, to a car accident.
He was replaced by Pavel Usanov.
In 1997, Rastorguyev became a "Recognized Artist of the Russian Federation" (), the second-highest honor for a singer in Russia, awarded by the country's President.
In the spring of that year, Lyube released a greatest hits album called "Collected works 1989-1997" ().
In addition to the band's hits, the album also had the new song "Guys from our neighborhood" ().
At the end of 1997, Lyube released its new album, called "Songs about people" ().
In addition to "Guys from our neighborhood", the most popular songs on the new album were "There, past the mists" (), "Years" (), and "Starlings" ().
The new album featured more lyrical, slower tempo songs that spoke to human relationships and nostalgia for days gone by.
Rastorguyev also lent his vocal talent to recording the song "Borders" () from the film "Hot spot" () and the song "There is only the moment" () from the film "The Sannikov Land" () for inclusion in the third collection of the series "Old songs about what matters" ().
Lyube also recorded a number of songs for the soundtracks of the films "On a lively place" () and "Harness" ().
In 1999, Lyube celebrated its 10-year anniversary with a Ukraine tour titled "Lyube - 10 years!"
().
That year, the group released a new song titled "Whistle-stops" (), which would appear on the group's next album. 2000s to the Present.
In May 2000, Lyube released their new album and held a major concert at the Sports Complex Olympic in Moscow showcasing both old and new songs and celebrating the band's 10-year anniversary.
In addition to "Substations", the new album featured the hit "Soldier" (), for which Lyube won a Russian Grammy, and also the hit "We'll Bust Through" (), which became the theme song to the Russian television series "Deadly Force" ().
In 2001, Lyube played a live concert on Victory Day in Red Square.
That same year, Russian president Vladimir Putin, an avowed fan of the band, appointed Rastorguyev to the position of Cultural Advisor to the Russian government.
British producers of the documentary film "Russian Army" bought rights from Lyube to use their songs "Demobilization soon" and "Kombat" in the film.
Toward the end of the year, Lyube released "Collected works.
Volume 2" () that included old hits that did not make it into the original "Collected works", along with the new recordings "You carry me, river" () and "Song about stars".
In March 2002, Lyube released a new album, titled "Let's drink it for..." ().
The album followed a retro style reflecting the sound of Russian "VIA" bands of the 1960s and 1970s.
The band used vintage instruments during recording to approximate the sound of the sixties and seventies as close as possible.
Songs on the album included "Birches" (), "Haymaking" (), "You carry me, river" (), "Two girlfriends" (), "Singing guitar" (), "It was, it was" (), and "Grandma" ().
The album stayed near the top of the charts throughout 2002 and subsequently received the "Album of the Year" award from the Russian music recording industry in 2003.
In the same period, Rastorguyev was elevated to "National Artist of the Russian Federation" and band members Anatoliy Kuleshov, Vitaliy Loktev, and Aleksandr Erokhin were all awarded the title "Recognized Artist of the Russian Federation".
In 2004, Lyube celebrated their 15-year anniversary by releasing a two-album set.
The first album, titled "Guys from our regiment" (), was released in 2004 and featured the band's earlier hits and new recordings dealing with war-time themes.
The second album, titled "Rasseya" (), featured all new songs, including the title hit "Rasseya" and the song "Don't watch the clock" ().
The album also included a special version of "Through the tall grass" (), recorded together with members of the Russian special forces from the spetsnaz Alfa group and a rock rendition of the Hymn of the Russian Federation.
From its title to its cover art to its song selection, Rasseya featured patriotic themes.
Toward the end of 2006, Lyube released a new single called "Moscow girls" () and began work on a new album, which would take them two years.
In 2008, while still working on the new album, the band released "Collected works.
Volume 3" that included songs from the albums "Atas", "Who said that we lived badly...?
", "Lyube Zone", "Kombat", "Songs about people", "Let's do it for...", and "Rasseya".
In 2009, Lyube released the new album they had been working on for the previous two years, titled "Our people" ().
The album featured both previously released hits, such as "A hunter's hut", "If..." (), "My Admiral", "Moscow girls", and new songs, such as "Verka" (), "And sunrise" (), "Calendar" (), and the title song, "Our people".
The new album moved away from war-time and patriotic themes, focusing more on love and relationships.
It also featured duets with such popular Russian singers as Grigory Leps, Nikita Mihalkov, and Victoria Dayneko.
That same year, Lyube celebrated their 20-year anniversary with a series of live concerts at the Kremlin and an international tour.
On 18 March 2022, Lyube sang at Vladimir Putin's Moscow rally celebrating the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation from Ukraine and justifying the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
At present, the band has five members, still led by Rastorguyev.
Lyube has only produced one original song in English, called "No More Barricades", which addresses the topic of democracy in Russia.
Current lineup.
He later joined the colonial public service, eventually serving as Secretary to a succession of Ministers for Education.
History.
Bath was born in England, and was educated at a school near Malmesbury, Wiltshire, at which school he served for a few years as assistant master.
He had only been in the colony a month when he was appointed headmaster of the (Anglican) Christ Church school in North Adelaide.
Shortly after, the great Victorian gold rush began, leaving South Australia with a shortage of adult male workers and a collapse of the local economy, and Bath was left to cope with 100 students with little assistance.
James Shakespeare was one ex-student who assisted for a year or two.
After ten years Bath founded his own school, the "North Adelaide Classical and Mercantile Academy", in nearby Ward Street.
The school ran until 1867, when he successfully applied for a position as Secretary to the Central Board of Education, which in 1877 was replaced with the Council of Education, Bath again serving as Secretary.
In 1883 he was appointed Secretary to the Minister of Education, and served in that capacity under fourteen Ministers, one of whom, William Copley, was once one of his students.
This is a list of Chinese national-type primary schools (SJK(C)) in Johor, Malaysia.
As of June 2022, there are 217 Chinese primary schools with a total of 87,780 students.
List of Chinese national-type primary schools in Johor.
Batu Pahat District.
As of June 2022, there are 36 Chinese primary schools with 8,973 students in Batu Pahat District.
Johor Bahru District.
As of June 2022, there are 33 Chinese primary schools with 45,114 students in Johor Bahru District.
Kluang District.
As of June 2022, there are 21 Chinese primary schools with 5,924 students in Kluang District.
Kota Tinggi District.
As of June 2022, there are 9 Chinese primary schools with 1,491 students in Kota Tinggi District.
Mersing District.
As of June 2022, there are 4 Chinese primary schools with 723 students in Mersing District.
Muar District.
As of June 2022, there are 37 Chinese primary schools with 6,854 students in Muar District.
Pontian District.
As of June 2022, there are 25 Chinese primary schools with 3,501 students in Pontian District.
Segamat District.
As of June 2022, there are 20 Chinese primary schools with 4,693 students in Segamat District.
Kulai District.
As of June 2022, there are 12 Chinese primary schools with 7,163 students in Kulai District.
Tangkak District.
Luis Alberto Coppola Joffroy (born 29 May 1948) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PAN.
The journal was established in 1996.
The 1997 Little League World Series took place between August 18 and August 23 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
Mexico made a dramatic come-from-behind win by staging a 4-run rally in the bottom of sixth inning capped by a single by Pablo Torres.
Pool play.
The "ATP5MC2" gene is one of three human paralogs that encode membrane subunit c of the mitochondrial ATP synthase.
This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase.
Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation.
The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits.
The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8).
There are three separate genes which encode subunit c of the proton channel and they specify precursors with different import sequences but identical mature proteins.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of three precursors of subunit c. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
Gavin Rose (born 29 September 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Rose was drafted initially by Collingwood, with the 38th selection of the 1989 National Draft.
He didn't manage to break into the seniors during his time at the club and was traded to Sydney.
At the Swans he was used early on as a defender but developed into a ruckman.
He was Sydney's leading ruckman in 1994 and 1995, topping the hit-outs in both years.
The Nine Rings of Wu-Tang is a 1999 comic book based on the hip hop group the Wu-Tang Clan.
Ponte Alta do Norte is a city in Santa Catarina, in the Southern Region of Brazil.
Turbonilla subulina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Ganapathi Vignesh ( born 11 August 1981) is an Indian First Class cricketer.
He was part of Indian World Team in the Indian Cricket League Twenty20 competition.
During 2008, Vignesh played half a season playing English club cricket for Birkenhead Park Cricket Club in the Cheshire County Cricket League.
Joara Chaves (born 22 March 1962) is a Brazilian chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman International Master (WIM, 1985).
She is a four-time Brazilian Women's Chess Championship winner.
Biography.
Chaves is the younger sister of Brazilian chess master Jussara Chaves.
From the early 1980s until the end of the 2000s, she was one of the leading Brazilian chess players.
She has participated in many Brazilian Women's Chess Championships where she won four gold (1991, 1998, 2002, 2008) and six silver (1984, 1985, 1988, 1993, 1997, 1999) medals.
In 1987, she participated in the Women's World Chess Championship Interzonal Tournament in Smederevska Palanka and ranked 15th place.
Clinchco is a town in Dickenson County, Virginia, United States.
The town, formerly known as Moss, was named for both the Clinchfield Railroad and the Clinchfield Coal Corporation.
The population was 337 at the 2010 census, down from 424 at the 2000 census.
The Clinchco post office was established in 1917.
Geography.
Virginia State Routes 63 and 83 run through the center of town.
VA 83 leads northeast (downriver) to Haysi, while VA 63 follows a ridge route that takes to reach Haysi.
The two highways run south (upriver) together to Fremont.
St. Paul is south of Clinchco via VA 63, and Pound is west via VA 83.
Demographics.
At the 2000 census there were 424 people, 189 households, and 113 families in the town.
The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age was 39 years.
For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.
Climate.
Astragalus oophorus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name egg milkvetch.
It is native to the western United States, mainly California and Nevada, though one variety can be found as far east as Colorado.
It is a plant of sagebrush and other dry habitat.
Description.
"Astragalus oophorus" is a perennial herb with a stout, mostly hairless stem reaching up to about in length.
Leaves are up to long and are made up of many oval to rounded leaflets.
The inflorescence is an array of four to ten flowers each up to long.
The flowers are cream-colored or reddish purple with white tips.
The fruit is an inflated legume pod, oval in shape and bladder-like, to over long.
She is known for popularizing Hawaiian quilting, and is well known in the Hawaiian quilting community.
Early life.
During her youth, she often watched her grandmother and mother work on their latest quilting project.
It was during her childhood that her interest in quilting began to grow.
In her teenage years, she expressed her interest in quilting and, following, she spent a year and a half completing her first quilt with a design based on the "ulu" or breadfruit tree.
Career.
Education.
In 1943, Kalama began teaching in the public schools.
At this time, she also taught quilting for the Department of Parks and Recreation.
In 1950, Kalama left her job to become the first director of a newly opened playground and recreation center.
Quilting.
Kalama was a quilter throughout her lifetime.
She created many of her own designs, which were influenced by the style of traditional Hawaiian quilts.
Kalama's quilts were also inspired by nature and said herself that "all designs must show that flowing gracefulness of nature".
Kalama was also known for using a creative color palette in her designs.
At one point in her life, Laurance S. Rockefeller, founder of the Mauna Kea Beach Hotel, commissioned Kalama to create 30 Hawaiian quilts.
These quilts took Kalama and other women over 30,000 hours to stitch and were hung in the hotel's corridors.
Kalama also made a quilt for Queen Liliuokalani's bed, whose home eventually became the governor's mansion.
Legacy and Awards.
Meali'i Kalama is recognized for popularizing Hawaiian quilting, after what was considered to be a long period of disinterest.
Many of her quilts have been collected and exhibited by the Museum of International Folk Art and she also has a quilt being held in the Smithsonian Institution.
In 1980, the YMCA recognized Kalama "for being responsible for the revival of Hawaiian quilting".
A kitewing is a wing-shaped sail designed to use wind power to provide speed and lift to riders in outdoor environments.
It can be used on a number of different surfaces when paired with the appropriate vehicle, including skis, snowboards, and roller skates.
Description.
A kitewing differs from a sports kite or traction kite in that a kitewing does not have a separate control system (see kite control systems).
Instead, a kitewing is held directly in the hands of the user, which provides control, stability and depower.
In addition, a kitewing does not have lines to tangle, and can be manoeuvred easily to perform a wide variety of tricks, turns and fast speeds.
This additional control also makes a kitewing safer to use.
The instant depower reduces the risk of riders being overrun in strong gusts, and the proximity of the kitewing to the rider makes it safer for other users of the space as there is no risk of injury from kite lines.
A Kitewing can be used in varied wind ranges.
For initial learning only a small space and low wind speeds are required to allow riders to familiarise themselves with the Kitewing assembly and handling characteristics.
Some very experienced riders can perform controlled jumps of up to 500 meters (on declining terrain) or perform jump turns and other advanced manoeuvres.
Types and sizes.
A small kitewing can provide improved manoeuvrability and increased speed in strong wind conditions.
It is also better suited to learning.
A larger version is preferable for use on sand, grass or other surfaces with high friction.
Safety.
A Kitewing rider can sustain injuries from a fall so the appropriate safety gear should be worn depending on the terrain.
It is important to remember that a kitewing should always be used with caution, in clear safe areas, and with the proper safety equipment.
Typical safety equipment are helmets and safety leash especially designed for kitewing riders.
She was the third wife of Emperor Xuan.
Early life.
After Emperor Xuan became emperor, he took her as a concubine (as Consort Wang), but she was not one of his favourites.
While Huo Chengjun was empress, she allegedly tried unsuccessfully several times to poison Empress Xu's son Crown Prince Liu Shi, to make her potential future son the imperial heir.
Empress.
After the Huo clan was destroyed and Empress Huo deposed in 66 BC, Emperor Xuan considered who amongst his consorts to create as his empress.
At that time, he favoured Consorts Hua, Zhang, and Wei, each of whom had borne him children.
He almost settled on Consort Zhang as his new empress.
However, he became hesitant, remembering how Empress Huo had tried to murder the crown prince.
He therefore resolved to create as his empress someone who was childless and kind.
He decided on Consort Wang, and created her empress on 26 March 64 BC.
Emperor Xuan put Prince Shi in her care, and she cared for him well.
Despite her position, she was never one of Emperor Xuan's favourites and she rarely saw him.
Empress Wang would have a role in Crown Prince Shi's eventual choice of a wife.
In the mid-50s BC, Consort Sima, the favourite consort of Prince Shi died from an illness.
Prince Shi was grief-stricken and became ill and depressed.
Emperor Xuan was concerned, so he had Empress Wang select the most beautiful of the young ladies in waiting and had them sent to Prince Shi.
Wang Zhengjun was one of the ladies in waiting chosen.
She, as the mother of his first-born son Liu Ao (later Emperor Cheng), would eventually become his wife and empress.
Empress Wang was not known to have had significant political influence as an empress.
Empress dowager and grand empress dowager.
After her husband Emperor Xuan died in January 48 BC and her stepson Prince Shi took the throne as Emperor Yuan, she held the title of empress dowager.
She would outlive him as well.
After Emperor Yuan died in July 33 BC, his son, Crown Prince Ao, took the throne as Emperor Cheng.
Empress Wang then held the title of grand empress dowager, and she became also semi-formally known as Empress Dowager Qiongcheng (based on her father's title) to be distinguished with her daughter-in-law.
Thitarodes variabilis is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae.
Rapides Cemetery is a historic burial ground located in Pineville, Louisiana at the site of the colonial era Post of Rapides.
History.
The area on the bluffs has been the location of European colonial activity since 1722 and remains an active cemetery.
Colonial era.
The site was the location of a simple Spanish colonial military post in 1722 or 1723.
It was in use as graveyard in .
The Post du Rapide was lightly manned by the French during the French colonial period when the primary activity was trade with the Native Americans.
After 1762 when France ceded Louisiana to Spain a small settlement developed around the Post El Rapido.
A report to the Spanish Governor O'Reilly in 1769 found 33 whites, 18 slaves, a small Native American village of 26 men and 18 women.
In 1799 the settlement had grown to a population of 760 and in 1805 it became known as Pineville.
The site that was to become the Rapides Cemetery was in use at that time, known simply as the public cemetery.
After the Civil War.
The Rapides Parish, Louisiana courthouse records were destroyed by fire in 1864 so records of burials before the American Civil War are not extant.
In 1872 the Rapides Cemetery Association was founded to clean up, improve and maintain the cemetery.
The property was donated to the association in 1874 by Thomas H. Maddox in a deed of .
The next year the president of the association Robert P. Hunter signed a deed returning about . the graveyard was in use for burials.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 15, 1979.
Funerary ornament.
The cast iron fencing around the three significant plots in the cemetery represent an elaborate example of the use of ornamental Victorian style cast iron graveyard fences rivaling or exceeding those found in New Orleans.
The Ashley plot fencing displays its tree motif not just on the gates but in the fencing all the way around the plot.
T.M.
Lincoln and Company of Hartford, Connecticut, manufactured the cast-iron fence for the Mead plot.
This fence is composed of ovals, round arches and ball drops.
He won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2008 for his short story collection "Fatfatiyun".
He has written both in the modern and in the postmodern eras in Gujarati literature.
He has authored more than 74 books, including 2 novels, 6 short story collections, 4 collections of creative essays, 6 translations into Gujarati from English and Hindi, 22 books on literary criticism and around 23 edited works of literary theory and modern Gujarati short stories and poems.
He was honorary editor of "Shabdasrishti" from 1983 to 1986 and an editor of "Khevna", a literary journal, from 1987 to 2009.
Early life.
Shah was born on 1 November 1939 in Dabhoi, Vadodara district, Gujarat, to Govindlal and Kundanbahen.
He took his primary education in Dabhoi Prathamik Shala.
He finished his secondary education from Vibhag High School, Dabhoi in 1957.
He joined M. S. University to obtain a Bachelor of Commerce, but left it for the Arts College in Dabhoi in 1959.
He was graduated in 1962 with a major in Gujarati literature and a minor in Sanskrit.
In 1964, he completed his Master of Arts in Gujarati and Sanskrit literature from M. S. University in Vadodara.
Career.
Shah taught Gujarati literature in various schools, universities and colleges for 42 years (1962 to 2004).
He started his career in 1962 as a secondary school teacher for Gujarati language and literature at Dayaram Sharada Mandir, Dabhoi.
He taught Gujarati literature from 1966 to 1972 at Municipal Arts College in Kapadvanj.
In 1972, he joined T.C.
Kapadia Arts College in Bodeli as Professor of Gujarati Literature and served as principal of the college until 1977.
In 1977, he joined the Department of Gujarati Language and Literature at the School of Language at Gujarat University in Ahmedabad, and headed the department from 1992 to 2002.
He served as a Professor Emeritus appointed by the University Grant Commission for two years.
He also served as a Writer-In-Residence at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.
Literary career.
Shah started his writing career in 1957.
In 1958, he published a short story in "Aaram", a Gujarati magazine edited by Pitanbar Patel.
Subsequently, he published in other Gujarati literary magazines including "Shabdasrishti", "Tathapi", "Samipe", "Etad" and "Farbus Traimasik".
He is a founder member of several literary and educational organization such as "Suresh Joshi Sahityavichar Forum" (SJSF) since 1989.
The SJSF is dedicated to seminars and workshops for short story writing.
"Sannidhan" is dedicated to teaching programs in connection with university curricula while "Punarapi" is dedicated to training programs for college and university teachers.
Works.
Novel.
His first novel, "Khadki", was published in 1987, followed by "Bajbaji" (1989).
"Salam Amarica Urfe Mari Vidyayatra" (1996), a travelogue, is an account of his travel across the United States.
Short story.
His short stories dealt with the complexity of human lives, especially the kind that exists between a married couple, as evident in his collection "Jenti - Hansa Symphony" (1992).
"Avarshunkelub" (1976), his first collection of short stories, reflected his modernist tendencies.
The stories are experimental in nature with phenomenological and absurdist backdrops, although some of the stories, such as "Kakajini Bodhkatha", are notable for their mixture of experimentalism and traditional storytelling.
His second collection of short stories, "Jenti Hansa Symphony" (1992), is a work which is considered a breakthrough in Shah's literary career.
From modernist tendencies he went to adapt postmodern sensibilities with regard to world view and style.
Shah noted that he became most concerned about narration and narratology.
"Fatfatiyun", published in 2006, further enhanced the reputation of Shah as a chief short story writer of his era.
The stories stand up for the variety of themes and lighthearted treatment while dealing with social issues like an earthquake ("Cement"), rape ("Khanjar") and riots ("E.E.W").
Stories like "Two Twenty Thousand Lagi" and "Lemon Tea ane Biscuit" revolve around urban life.
"Kagarol Unlimited" (2010), his fourth collection, is a work which marks a major departure in Shah's literary world.
For the first time he gets socially concerned, breaking his own world of urban characters, mainly an upper-middle class married couple.
As in the title story, he mixes fantasy with narrative to depict the harsh reality of the villagers in contemporary India and how they are impacted by political goons.
Some of the stories in this collection contain his earlier characters "Jenti" and "Hansa".
In these, Shah explores the theme of writerly crisis, mainly whether to write about others' pain, as there is a lot of suffering in this world, or to write about one self, as true writing can never be done without looking into one's own self.
His other collections of short stories are "No Idea, Get Idea" (2013) and "DhisoomDhisoom" (2014), which contain various themed stories like "Kanchan Thodo Giligili Chhe" (urban bisexuality), "Ae ane Territorial Birds" (suffering of migrants) and "Wolkswagon Chhokro ane Renault Duster Chhokri" (impact of market on urban sexual fantasy).
Criticism.
Shah has worked both in theoretical and applied criticism.
He is noted in Gujarati literature for his works of theoretical criticism "Sartra No Sahityavichar" (1980), "Sahityama Adhunikta" (1988) and "Anu-adhunikta Ane Apane" (2008).
(2008).
"Wait a beat", his first collection of essays, was published in 1987, followed by "Byline" (1990), "Media-Message" (1993), "Vastusanchar" (2005) and "Sahitya Sahitya" (2015).
Translation.
He has also translated "Nisarg", a novel by Kannad writer Mirgy Anna Ray from Hindi.
Editing.
Recognition.
He received Ravindra Chandrak in 1961 and the Hargovindadas Kantawala Gold Medal in 1964.
He received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2008 for his short story collection "Fatfatiyun".
Personal life.
Shah married Rashmita in 1965 and they have two sons, Purvarag and Madir.
Kiiwetinoong () is a provincial electoral district (riding) in Ontario, Canada which elects one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
The Legislative Assembly of Ontario approved the new riding on October 24, 2017.
Kiiwetinoong is 68 percent Indigenous, the only riding in Ontario with a majority Indigenous population.
The riding name means "North" in Ojibwe.
Unlike most Ontario provincial districts, Kiiwetinoong does not have the same boundaries as a federal district.
As well, the riding, with a population of 32,987, is significantly smaller than the average Ontario district (with a population of 110,000) or the average Northern Ontario district (with a population of 76,000).
Previously, he served as the Minister of State for Water and Power from 2013 to 2017.
He had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from 2002 to May 2018.
Personal life.
He went to Divisional Public School for his early studies.
Political career.
Upon the dissolution of the National Assembly on the expiration of its term on 31 May 2018, Ali ceased to hold the office as Minister of State for Power.
He ran for the seat of the National Assembly from NA-108 (Faisalabad-VIII) as a candidate of PML(N) in the 2018 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful.
He received 111,529 votes and lost the seat to Farrukh Habib, a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
He ran for the seat of the National Assembly from NA-108 (Faisalabad-VIII) as a candidate of PML(N) in the 2022 Pakistan by-elections but was unsuccessful.
The women's lightweight single sculls competition at the 2019 World Rowing Championships took place at the Linz-Ottensheim regatta venue.
Schedule.
Heats.
The remaining boats were sent to the repechages.
Repechages.
The remaining boats were sent to the C final.
Semifinals.
The three fastest boats in each semi advanced to the A final.
The remaining boats were sent to the B final.
Finals.
The A final determined the rankings for places 1 to 6.
Jayme Stone is a Canadian banjoist, composer and producer who makes music inspired by sounds from around the world.
His solo album "The Utmost" won the 2008 Juno Award for Instrumental Album of the Year.
The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration bestowed on members of the British or Commonwealth armed forces for acts of valour or gallantry performed in the face of the enemy.
In the British honours system and those of many Commonwealth nations it is the highest award a soldier can receive for actions in combat.
It was established in 1856 and since then has been awarded 1,356 times, including to three recipients who were awarded the VC twice.
When raised, it originally focused on conflicts in the Far East, but the transfer of Hong Kong from British to Chinese hands necessitated that the brigade move its base to the UK.
A battalion is still maintained in Brunei and as at 2016, units serve in Afghanistan.
Since the VC was introduced it has been awarded to Gurkhas or British officers serving with Gurkha regiments 26 times.
The first award was made in 1858 to a British officer of the Gurkhas, John Tytler, during the campaigns that followed the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The first award to a native Gurkha, Kulbir Thapa, was in 1915 during the First World War.
When the Victoria Cross was initially established, Gurkhas, along with all other native troops of the British East India Company Army or the British Indian Army, were not eligible for the decoration and as such, until 1911, all of the Gurkha recipients of the award were British officers who were attached to Gurkha regiments.
Until that time the highest award that Gurkhas were eligible for was the Indian Order of Merit.
Since 1911 however, of the 16 VCs awarded to men serving with Gurkha regiments, 13 have been bestowed on native Gurkhas.
Along with the Royal Green Jackets, the Gurkha regiments are among the most heavily decorated Commonwealth units.
In 1950, when India became a republic, Gurkhas serving in the Gurkha regiments of the Indian Army lost their eligibility for the Victoria Cross and they are now covered under the Indian honours system.
Under this system the "Param Vir Chakra" (PVC), which is India's highest military decoration for valour, is considered to be equivalent to the Victoria Cross.
As such only those serving in the Gurkha units of the British Army remain eligible for the Victoria Cross.
Two George Cross (GC) medals have been awarded to Gurkha soldiers for acts of bravery displayed not in combat.
The George Cross (GC) is the highest award bestowed by the British government for non-operational gallantry or gallantry not in the presence of an enemy.
In the UK honours system, the George Cross is equal in stature to the Victoria Cross.
Biography.
Cleary was born on 18 September 1828, in Dungarvan, Co. Waterford, Ireland, to Thomas and Maragret (nee O'Brien) Cleary.
He was educated locally at a classical school.
He studied for the priesthood initially in Rome but then at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, where he was ordained on 19 September 1851.
He also studied at Salamanca in Spain before returning to Ireland to become a professor in St. John's College, Waterford, where he also served as president of the college from 1873 to 1876 (his brother Patrick, also a priest, served as the Seminary president as previously).
He was awarded the Doctor of Divinity degree(DD or STD), by the Catholic University of Ireland, by public examination, the first recipient of such a degree from the institution.
He was appointed vicar general of the Diocese of Waterford and parish priest of Dungarvan in 1876, prior to being named Bishop of Kingston in Ontario.
In Canada he oversaw the development of the diocese with the building of over 40 new churches.
First Capital Bank Malawi Plc, formerly known as First Merchant Bank Plc, is a commercial bank in Malawi.
It is licensed by the Reserve Bank of Malawi, the central bank and national banking regulator.
It is a subsidiary of FMB Capital Holdings.
Location.
First Capital Bank Malawi maintains its headquarters, and main branch in Livingstone Towers, along Glyn Jones Road, in the city of Blantyre, the financial capital of Malawi.
Overview.
The First Capital Bank of Malawi is a medium-sized financial services provider in Malawi.
It offers retail banking services to individuals and corporate clients.
History.
First Capital Bank was founded as First Merchant Bank in 1995 by Hitesh Anadkat and his family, who partnered with Prime Bank of Kenya.
It became Malawi's first private bank and was granted the third ever banking licence in Malawi.
With focus on Malawi's corporate market, and with a large emphasis on service and customer relationships, First Capital had a successful start and began to show profits after only two years of trading.
In the year 2000, First Capital wholly acquired the "Leasing and Finance Company Malawi Limited", which has since been dissolved and merged into First Capital Bank Malawi.
In 2008, First Capital led a consortium that was granted a banking licence in Botswana, where a subsidiary of FMBCapital Holdings Plc, First Capital Bank Botswana Limited, trades.
The bank expanded its regional footprint in 2013, with the acquisition of the ICB Banking Group's businesses in Malawi, Zambia and Mozambique.
The bank listed on Malawi's stock exchange in 2009, when almost 10 percent of its net shares were offered in the IPO.
In 2017, First Capital announced that it was in the advanced stages of talks with Barclays to acquire a controlling stake in Barclays' Zimbabwe operation.
Also in 2017, it was announced that First Capital had wholly bought out Opportunity Bank of Malawi.
In December 2017, First Capital Bank Malawi de-listed its shares from the Malawi Stock Exchange (MSE).
The value of First Capital stock shares were acquired by the newly-created holding company, First Merchant Bank Capital Holdings Plc (FMBCH), whose shares are now listed in the MSE.
As of September 2017, First Capital Bank Malawi, was the third-largest bank in the country by assets and it enjoyed an estimated 16.8 percent market share.
FMBCapital Holdings Plc.
FMBCapital Holdings Plc is the Mauritian-based holding company that owns First Capital Bank Malawi, as well as its affiliated companies.
The group owns either wholly or in part, seven subsidiary companies.
He played college football for the University of Delaware where he was recognized as an All-American, and became one of the program's most decorated athletes.
The Atlanta Falcons signed him as an undrafted free agent following the 2013 NFL Draft.
Early life.
Worrilow is the second youngest of four boys.
His mother was born in Wallingford, Connecticut and his father was born in Chester, Pennsylvania.
College career.
Worrilow was not highly recruited after graduation and was only able to solidify offers from Division II schools.
Instead of taking any offers, Worrilow moved to Coffeyville, Kansas, where he attended Coffeyville Community College, a junior college known for funneling athletes into Division I football programs.
Worrilow was redshirted his first year due to a defensive scheme change, and ultimately turned down interest from the Arkansas Razorbacks to return to Delaware in the spring of 2008 and walk on the Blue Hens football squad.
Worrilow immediately drew attention during his first spring at Delaware, earning a starting spot the following fall as a redshirt freshman along with a team scholarship as a walk-on.
Starting every game he played, Worrilow would eventually become team co-captain as a junior, and remain as captain through his senior year, racking up a University of Delaware fifth all-time high 377 career tackles and earning a spot on both the Phil Steele and Sports Network All-American teams.
Additionally, Worrilow earned the MVP award for the 2012 season and the prestigious 2013 Edgar Johnson award for exhibiting qualities of hard work, dedication, leadership, fairness, and striving for excellence.
Notable performances include two-time consecutive fumble recoveries for touchdowns (a current Delaware record), a career-record 18 tackles in the Route 1 Rivalry game against Delaware State, which earned him the College Sports Madness CAA Defensive Player of the Week, Beyond Sports Network Defensive All-Star and the Nate Beasley Game MVP Award, and a 38-stop run through the four-game 2010 FCS playoffs, leading the Blue Hens to the 2010 NCAA Division I Football Championship in Frisco, Texas, where they lost 20-19 in a match to Eastern Washington.
Professional career.
Atlanta Falcons.
Worrilow was signed as a free agent after the 2013 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons eventually making the final 53-man roster for the 2013 season.
After spending a few weeks as the team's backup middle linebacker, Worrilow moved into the starting strongside linebacker position.
On a November 3, 2013, loss against the Carolina Panthers, Worrilow recorded a career-high 19 tackles, tying his previous week's performance and a franchise record for most tackles in a game since 1994.
Worrilow ended the 2013 NFL season as the Falcons' leading tackler, landing him a spot on Mel Kiper, Jr.'s All-Rookie Team alongside teammate and fellow rookie Desmond Trufant.
Worrilow ended the 2014 NFL season again leading the Falcons in tackles at 143 tackles (84 solo), two sacks, two forced fumbles, three passes deflected.
In February 2014, Worrilow received the John J. Brady Delaware Athlete of the Year Award from the Delaware Sportswriters and Broadcasters Association.
Worrilow ended the 2015 NFL season again leading the Falcons in tackles at 95 tackles (67 solo), one forced fumble, one fumble recovery, two interceptions, four passes deflected.
In the 2016 season, Worrilow and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, where they faced the New England Patriots on February 5, 2017.
Detroit Lions.
On March 10, 2017, Worrilow signed with the Detroit Lions.
Worrilow recovered a muffed punt in a Week 17 matchup against the Green Bay Packers.
Philadelphia Eagles.
On April 3, 2018, Worrilow signed with the Philadelphia Eagles.
On May 22, 2018, Worrilow tore his ACL on the first day of OTAs, ending his season.
He was officially placed on injured reserve on June 13, 2018.
On January 30, 2019, Worrilow signed a one-year contract extension with the Eagles.
He was released on August 18, 2019.
Baltimore Ravens.
Worrilow signed with the Baltimore Ravens on August 23, 2019.
He requested his release from the team the next day to decide his future in the NFL.
He worked out for the Eagles on September 10 and October 8, 2019, and for the New York Jets on November 1, 2019.
New York Jets.
On November 5, 2019, Worrilow was signed by the New York Jets.
On September 16, 2020, Worrilow was signed to the New York Jets practice squad, but was released on September 22.
Personal life.
His oldest brother Edward, a marketing professional and accomplished pianist, also graduated from the University of Delaware.
His older brother Mark played in the Aztec Bowl in 2009 and was captain of the Division III Ursinus Bears football team, where his younger brother James also competed as a defensive lineman.
Worrilow trained throughout his childhood at the Stay Real Football Camp in Wilmington, Delaware.
Worrilow attended Concord High School in Wilmington, Delaware where he led the Concord Raiders to the 2006 state Division II title and a berth in the state semifinals in 2005 and 2007.
Worrilow made the 2006 First Team All-State on both offense and defense, the 2007 second team All-State as Fullback and first team All-State, and was named Delaware's "2007 Defensive Player of the Year".
Despite Worrilow's great success in high school, he was not offered a single scholarship to play NCAA Division I football.
In the spring of 2011, Worrilow discovered he had been matched to a 23-year-old female leukemia patient in need of a life-saving peripheral blood stem cell donation.
In the five days leading up to the procedure, Worrilow underwent a series of injections of a drug called filgrastim to increase the number of blood-forming cells in his bloodstream.
On May 25, 2011, over the course of 6 hours, Worrilow's blood was then removed through a needle in one arm and passed through a machine that separates out the blood-forming cells, returning it back through a vein in his other arm.
Worrilow has yet to meet the woman who received his donation.
On July 5, 2014, Worrilow married his longtime girlfriend.
The Ohio Valley is a sub region in Kentucky running long including parts of 25 counties and across five regions of the state.
The physical characteristics of the Ohio River valley changes very little from its beginning in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to just northeast of Louisville, including the section that flows through a small part of the Cumberland Plateau and the Eden Shale hill region of Northern Kentucky.
Throughout that entire stretch the river is contained in a very narrow valley bounded by hills that are from 100 to tall and have an average angle of 45 degrees.
The Ohio Valley in the Louisville Area.
The Ohio Valley changes dramatically around Louisville, as for the first time heading downstream there are no bluffs overlooking the river.
The falls were created by very hard coral rock, which the river hasn't been able to erode.
The coral contains many visible fossils.
Also known as Muldraugh Hill, it divides the Bluegrass and Pennyroyal Plateau Regions in Kentucky, and the "karst plateau" in Indiana.
The tall hill is very visible in most parts of Louisville and provides a scenic backdrop for the city.
From Muldraugh Hill to Owensboro.
At West Point, Kentucky the river crosses the Muldraugh escarpment and is now bounded on both sides by the largest bluffs along its entire length.
From Owensboro to the Mississippi River.
Starting near Rockport, Indiana the bluffs above the river reduce greatly to or less as the river enters a much flatter region.
He was the last captain of a British commercial vessel operating under sail, and brought to an end a centuries-old tradition.
Life.
Alfred William Roberts was born in the village of Hampreston, Dorset where his parents taught in the village school.
Roberts's father, who was brought up in North Wales, ran the church choir as well as playing the piano, church organ, melodeon, concertina and fiddle for village dances.
These musical interests led Ralph Vaughan Williams to visit him at the village.
Roberts attended Wimborne Grammar School on a choral scholarship.
After leaving school at 17, he eventually became a journalist at the "Orpington Gazette", before moving to work as a sports reporter for the "Daily Mail" on Fleet Street.
Robert found it difficult to settle at his job at the "Mail", and twice took off on long sea voyages.
Finally he left the newspaper to work on a Thames sailing barge.
Apart from a short stint as a sub-editor at the "East Anglian Daily Times" in the late forties, Roberts would work on eight barges over the next 35 years, initially as a mate and on his final five boats, as skipper.
His other voyages at sea would take him to the West Indies, Ascension Island, West Africa and Brazil.
And it was while working at East Anglian Times that F.T.
Everard and Sons offered Roberts the captaincy of the "Cambria", the Thames sailing barge he was to make famous.
Working as a bargeman allowed Roberts to collect songs from bargemen and others he met along the East Anglian coast, which he added to his repertoire of his own songs.
So, he supplemented his income by writing books and articles, often while waiting for good seagoing conditions.
Roberts had a good selection of songs by the 1950s, when he met the folklorist Peter Kennedy.
From the 1950s onwards, Roberts appeared in folk clubs and festivals.
He gained the reputation as a great story teller, distinctive singer and charismatic personality.
In 1966, Roberts read five seafaring stories on the BBC children's programme Jackanory.
As Thames Barges became increasingly economically unfeasible, Everards offered to sell Roberts the "Cambria", which he ran as owner-skipper between 1966 and 1970, when it was finally sold to the Maritime Trust.
He then bought a replacement, a small motor coaster called the "Vectis Isle", in which he carried various cargoes (china clay from Cornwall, coke, soya beans, grain, scrap metal, etc.) around the UK and over to the Continent.
In the 1970s Roberts and his wife moved to live on the Isle of Wight, where he made his last two records, as well as joining in sing-alongs.
Toponym.
Geography.
Pico da Bandeira (2892 m) is the highest point in the region.
The region is place for Brazil's second largest altitude, after Serra do Imeri, and the largest gap or prominence (997 m).
Climate.
Hyposmocoma argentea is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae.
It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907.
Pseudatemelia subochreella, the straw-coloured tubic, is a species of gelechioid moth.
Taxonomy.
Here, it is placed within the subfamily Amphisbatinae of the concealer moth family (Oecophoridae).
The Amphisbatinae have alternatively been merged into the Oecophorinae, raised to full family rank, or placed as a subgroup of the Depressariinae (or Depressariidae if ranked as family).
Recent research has shown that the genus Pseudatemelia is one of those close to "Lypusa", the type of the supposed Tineoidea family Lypusidae.
The genus Pseudatemelia has to be dissolved and all the species previously assigned to it has to be transferred to the genus Agnoea.
Consequently this species should be assigned to the genus Agnoea, Lypusidae family, Gelechioidea superfamily.
Distribution and habitat.
This species is present in Europe, where it inhabits woodlands.
It can also be found in the Near East and in North Africa.
Description.
This moth is not conspicuously colored, even by the standards of its rather drab genus, being a ruddy ochraceous brown overall (hence the name subochreella), or more yellow-grey with darker hindwings.
All wings are unmarked.
Biology.
Its caterpillars live inside a self-made case built from a folded piece of leaf, that is often attached to tree trunks or stones.
GeneMatcher is an online service and database that aims to match clinicians studying patients with a rare disease presentation based on genes of interest.
When two or more clinicians submit the same gene to the database, the service matches them together to allow them to compare cases.
It also allows matching genes from animal models to human cases.
The service aims to establish novel relationships between genes and genetic diseases of unknown cause.
The website was launched in September 2013 by a team from a government-funded collaborative project between Johns Hopkins Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine in the United States. , the site contained 11,855 genes from 7,724 submitters from 88 countries, and 6,609 matches had been made.
History.
Features.
The service allows researchers to submit candidate genes to a database and match based on a shared gene of interest.
Researchers, healthcare providers or patients can create an account using their email, name and address.
Upon doing this, they can post a gene by gene symbol, Entrez ID or Ensembl gene ID.
They can also specify genes by OMIM number or genomic location.
If an identical gene has already been posted by another user, the match is made immediately and both users receive an email with the contact details of the other user.
Otherwise, the gene remains in the database until another user submits the same gene.
The database of genes is not explorable, and no user contact details are accessible until a match has been made.
Users may retract their submitted gene or delete their account at any time.
Optionally, users are also able to query the database by genetic disorder or physical symptom.
The service also encourages those working with animal models to submit their gene candidates and provides an option to specify the submission by model organism.
Usage. , the site contained 11,855 genes from 7,724 submitters from 88 countries, and 6,609 matches had been made.
Collaboration with other databases.
GeneMatcher is part of a collaboration between multiple gene-matching services called MatchmakerExchange, launched in October 2013.
The other services part of the project include PhenomeCentral and DECIPHER.
American genetic testing company GeneDx has uploaded genes from its database with likely pathogenic variants, leading to dozens of matches.
The title of Detroit Grand Prix (United States Grand Prix East) was applied to the Formula One races held at the Detroit street circuit in Detroit, Michigan, United States of America from 1982 through 1988.
History.
In 1982, the U.S. became the first country to host three World Championship Grands Prix in one season.
In addition to the United States Grand Prix West in Long Beach, California and the Las Vegas races, the new event was held in Detroit, Michigan on another street course encompassing the Renaissance Center, current headquarters of General Motors.
This was the only time that three Formula One races were held in the same country until 2020, when Italy hosted the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix at the Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari, and the one-off Tuscan Grand Prix.
The original circuit had seventeen corners in 2.493 miles, including two very tricky hairpins and a tunnel that enclosed a gentle right-hand bend next to the river, and proved to be even slower than Monaco.
The rough, demanding course even included a railroad track crossing. 1983 saw one of the hairpins being bypassed as well as the final ever win for the Cosworth V8 engine that had been introduced to Formula One in , and in 1986, Ayrton Senna overcame a tire puncture to win his first of five American races in six years.
Detroit got off to a bad start in 1982 due to organization problems.
Practice planned for Thursday was cancelled, and the first qualifying session on Friday had to be postponed.
There was time for only a one-hour practice session on Friday, and so qualifying would take place on Saturday in two one-hour sessions, four hours apart.
Saturday was cold and overcast with a very real threat of rain, and nearly all the drivers scrambled to get a time in on the dry track while they could, with many spins and trips down the escape roads of the unfamiliar circuit.
The afternoon session was wet throughout, as expected, and the times from the morning session did indeed determine the grid.
Although the weather and track breakup in 1986 and 1987 was not as intense as it had been in 1984 and 1985, Detroit was removed from the Formula One schedule after after F1's governing body FISA declared the temporary pit area wasn't up to the required standard.
FISA and FOCA wanted a permanent pits facility, but the City of Detroit was not willing to spend the money to build such facilities.
Such track problems often occurred, but the track disintegration was worse that year due to the intense heat and humidity.
The race was already unpopular among drivers, and as a result, a number of drivers after the Grand Prix that year had finally had enough and they became outspoken with their dislike of the event.
For the season, it was originally planned to move the F1 Grand Prix to a new circuit at Belle Isle.
Upon the departure of F1, the Detroit race was replaced by the CART-sanctioned Detroit Indy Grand Prix which in 1992 moved to the Belle Isle circuit originally proposed for F1.
Winners.
Repeat winners (constructors).
"Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season."
Repeat winners (engine manufacturers).
The Hudson Valley (also known as the Hudson River Valley) comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York.
The region stretches from the Capital District including Albany and Troy south to Yonkers in Westchester County, bordering New York City.
History.
Pre-Columbian era.
The Hudson Valley was inhabited by indigenous peoples ages before Europeans arrived.
The Lenape, Wappinger, and Mahican branches of the Algonquins lived along the river, mostly in peace with the other groups.
The lower Hudson River was inhabited by the Lenape.
The Lenape people waited for the explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano onshore, traded with Henry Hudson, and sold the island of Manhattan.
Further north, the Wappingers lived from Manhattan Island up to Poughkeepsie.
They lived a similar lifestyle to the Lenape, residing in various villages along the river.
They traded with both the Lenape to the south and the Mahicans to the north.
The Mahicans lived in the northern valley from present-day Kingston to Lake Champlain, with their capital located near present-day Albany.
The Algonquins in the region lived mainly in small clans and villages throughout the area.
One major fortress was called Navish, which was located at Croton Point, overlooking the Hudson River.
Other fortresses were located in various locations throughout the Hudson Highlands.
Hudson River exploration.
Between then and about 1609, exploration took place around New York Bay, but not into the Hudson Valley.
In 1609, the Dutch East India Company financed English navigator Henry Hudson in his attempt to search for the Northwest Passage.
During this attempt, Henry Hudson decided to sail his ship up the river that would later be named after him.
As he continued up the river, its width expanded, into Haverstraw Bay, leading him to believe he had successfully reached the Northwest Passage.
He also proceeded upstream as far as present-day Troy before concluding that no such strait existed there.
Colonization.
After Henry Hudson realized that the Hudson River was not the Northwest Passage, the Dutch began to examine the region for potential trading opportunities.
Dutch explorer and merchant Adriaen Block led voyages there between 1611 and 1614, which led the Dutch to determine that fur trade would be profitable in the region.
As such, the Dutch established the colony of New Netherland.
New Amsterdam later became known as New York City, Wiltwyck became Kingston, and Fort Orange became Albany.
In 1664, the British invaded New Netherland via the port of New Amsterdam.
New Amsterdam and New Netherland as a whole were surrendered to the British and renamed New York.
Under British colonial rule, the Hudson Valley became an agricultural hub, with manors being developed on the east side of the river.
At these manors, landlords rented out land to their tenants, letting them take a share of the crops grown while keeping and selling the rest of the crops.
Tenants were often kept at a subsistence level so that the landlord could minimize his costs.
Landlords held immense political power in the colony due to driving such a large proportion of the agricultural output.
Meanwhile, land west of Hudson River contained smaller landholdings with many small farmers living off the land.
A large crop grown in the region was grain, which was largely shipped downriver to New York City, the colony's main seaport, for export back to Great Britain.
In order to export the grain, colonial merchants were given monopolies to grind the grain into flour and export it.
Grain production was also at high levels in the Mohawk River Valley.
Revolutionary War.
The Hudson River was a key river during the Revolutionary War.
The Hudson's connection to the Mohawk River allowed travelers to get to the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River eventually.
In addition, the river's close proximity to Lake George and Lake Champlain would allow the British navy to control the water route from Montreal to New York City.
In doing so, the British, under General John Burgoyne's strategy, would be able to cut off the patriot hub of New England (which is on the eastern side of the Hudson River) and focus on rallying the support of loyalists in the South and Mid-Atlantic regions.
The British knew that total occupation of the colonies would be unfeasible, which is why this strategy was chosen.
As a result of the strategy, numerous battles were fought along the river, including several in the Hudson Valley.
Industrial Revolution.
In the early 19th century, popularized by the stories of Washington Irving, the Hudson Valley gained a reputation as a somewhat gothic region characterized by remnants of the early days of the Dutch colonization of New York (see "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow").
The area is also associated with the Hudson River School, a group of American Romantic painters who worked from about 1830 to 1870.
Following the building of the Erie Canal, the area became an important industrial center.
The canal opened the Hudson Valley and New York City to commerce with the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.
However, in the mid 20th century, many of the industrial towns went into decline.
The first railroad in New York, the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, opened in 1831 between Albany and Schenectady on the Mohawk River, enabling passengers to bypass the slowest part of the Erie Canal.
The Hudson Valley proved attractive for railroads once technology progressed to the point where it was feasible to construct the required bridges over tributaries.
The Troy and Greenbush Railroad was chartered in 1845 and opened that same year, running a short distance on the east side between Troy and Greenbush, now known as East Greenbush (east of Albany).
The Hudson River Railroad was chartered the next year as a continuation of the Troy and Greenbush south to New York City, and was completed in 1851.
In 1866, the Hudson River Bridge opened over the river between Greenbush and Albany, enabling through traffic between the Hudson River Railroad and the New York Central Railroad west to Buffalo.
When the Poughkeepsie Bridge opened in 1889, it became the longest single-span bridge in the world.
The New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway began at Weehawken Terminal and ran up the west shore of the Hudson as a competitor to the merged New York Central and Hudson River Railroad.
During the Industrial Revolution, the Hudson River Valley became a major location for production.
The river allowed for fast and easy transport of goods from the interior of the Northeast to the coast.
Hundreds of factories were built around the Hudson, in towns including Poughkeepsie, Newburgh, Kingston, and Hudson.
The North Tarrytown Assembly (later owned by General Motors), on the river in Sleepy Hollow, was a large and notable example.
The river links to the Erie Canal and the Great Lakes, which allowed manufacturers in the Midwest, including automobile factories in Detroit, to use the river for transport.
With industrialization came new technologies, such as streamboats, for faster transport.
In 1807, the "North River Steamboat" (later known as Clermont), became the first commercially successful steamboat.
It carried passengers between New York City and Albany along the Hudson River.
At the end of the 19th century, the Hudson River region of New York State would become the world's largest brick manufacturing region, with 130 brickyards lining the shores of the Hudson River from Mechanicsville to Haverstraw and employing 8,000 people.
At its peak, about 1 billion bricks a year were produced, with many being sent to New York City for use in its construction industry.
Tourism became a major industry as early as 1810.
With convenient steamboat connections in New York City and numerous attractive hotels in romantic settings, tourism became an important industry.
Early guidebooks provided suggestions for travel itineraries.
Middle-class people who read James Fenimore Cooper's novels or saw the paintings of the Hudson River School were especially attracted to the region.
Geology and physiography.
The Hudson River valley runs primarily north to south down the eastern edge of New York State, cutting through a series of rock types including Triassic sandstones and redbeds in the south and much more ancient Precambrian gneiss in the north (and east).
In the Hudson Highlands, the river enters a fjord cut during previous ice ages.
To the west lie the extensive Appalachian Highlands.
The Hudson Valley is one physiographic section of the larger Ridge-and-Valley province, which in turn is part of the larger Appalachian physiographic division.
The northern portions of the Hudson Valley fall within the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands Ecoregion.
During the last ice age, the valley was filled by a large glacier that pushed south as far as Long Island.
Near the end of the last ice age, the Great Lakes drained south down the Hudson River, from a large glacial lake called Lake Iroquois.
Lake Ontario is the remnant of that lake.
Due to its resemblance, the Hudson River often has been described as "America's Rhine".
In 1939, the magazine "Life" described the river as such, comparing it to the stretch of the Rhine in Central and Western Europe.
Major industries.
Agriculture.
The Hudson Valley has a long agricultural history and agriculture was its main industry when the region was first settled.
Around the 1700s, tenant farming was highly practiced.
The farms' main products were grains (predominantly wheat), though hops, maple syrup, vegetables, dairy products, honey, wool, livestock, and tobacco were produced there.
The region became the breadbasket of colonial America, given that the surrounding New England and Catskills areas were more mountainous and had rockier soils.
In the late 1800s, most farms transitioned from tenant farming to being family-owned, with more incentive to improve the land.
Grain production moved west to the Genesee Valley, and so Hudson Valley farms specialized, especially in viticulture, berries, and orchard cultivation.
Agriculture began to decline in the 19th century, and rapidly declined in the 20th century.
By the 1970s, the United States' culinary revolution began, and the Hudson Valley began to lead the farm-to-table movement, the local food movement, and sustainable agricultural practices.
The fertile Black Dirt Region of the Wallkill and Schoharie valleys also began to be farmed.
Dairy farms are predominant, though fruit, vegetable, poultry, meat, and maple syrup production are also common.
Orchard cultivation is common in Orange, Ulster, Dutchess, and Columbia counties.
Winemaking.
The Hudson Valley is one of the oldest winemaking and grape-growing regions in the United States, with its first vineyards planted in 1677 in current-day New Paltz.
The region has experienced a resurgence in winemaking in the 21st century.
Many wineries are located in the Hudson Valley, offering wine-tasting and other tours.
Numerous wine festivals are held in the Hudson Valley, with themes often varying by season.
The region has sunlight, moisture, chalky soil, and drainage conducive to grape growing, especially grapes used in Champagne.
Tech Valley.
Tech Valley is a marketing name for the eastern part of New York State, including the Hudson Valley and the Capital District.
The area's high technology ecosystem is supported by technologically focused academic institutions including Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the State University of New York Polytechnic Institute.
Tech Valley encompasses 19 counties straddling both sides of the Adirondack Northway and the New York Thruway, and with heavy state taxpayer subsidy, has experienced significant growth in the computer hardware industry, with great strides in the nanotechnology sector, digital electronics design, and water- and electricity-dependent integrated microchip circuit manufacturing, involving companies including IBM in Armonk and its Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown, GlobalFoundries in Malta, and others.
Tourism.
The Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area promotes historic, natural, and cultural sites in 11 counties.
Regions.
The following is a list of the counties within the Hudson Valley sorted by region.
The Lower Hudson Valley is typically considered part of the Downstate New York region due to its geographical and cultural proximity to New York City.
Major interstates in the Hudson Valley include Interstate 87 (part of the New York State Thruway), a small section of Interstate 95 in Southeastern Westchester County, Interstate 287 serving Westchester and Rockland Counties, Interstate 84 serving Putnam, Dutchess, and Orange Counties, and Interstate 684 serving Westchester and Putnam Counties. parkways in the region include the Bronx River Parkway, the Cross County Parkway, the Hutchinson River Parkway, the Sprain Brook Parkway, and the Saw Mill River Parkway serving solely Westchester County, the Taconic State Parkway serving Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, and Columbia Counties, and the Palisades Interstate Parkway serving Rockland and a very small portion of southwestern Orange County.
New York State Route 17 operates as a freeway in much of Orange County and will be designated Interstate 86 in the future.
Hudson River crossings in the Hudson Valley region from south to north include the Tappan Zee Bridge between South Nyack in Rockland County and Tarrytown in Westchester County, the Bear Mountain Bridge between Peekskill in Westchester County and Fort Montgomery in Orange County, the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge between Newburgh in Orange County and Beacon in Dutchess County, the Mid-Hudson Bridge between Poughkeepsie in Dutchess County and Highland in Ulster County, the Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridge between Rhinecliff in Dutchess County and Kingston in Ulster County, and the Rip Van Winkle Bridge between Hudson in Columbia County and Catskill in Greene County.
The Walkway Over the Hudson is a pedestrian bridge which parallels the Mid-Hudson Bridge and was formerly a railroad bridge.
NY Waterway operates the Haverstraw-Ossining Ferry between Haverstraw in Rockland County and Ossining in Westchester County, as well as ferry service between Newburgh in Orange County and Beacon in Dutchess County.
Intercity and commuter bus transit are provided by Rockland Coaches in Rockland County, Short Line in Orange and Rockland Counties, and Leprechaun Lines in Orange and Dutchess Counties.
There are also several local bus providers, including the Bee-Line Bus System in Westchester County and Transport of Rockland in Rockland County.
Rail service.
Commuter rail service in the region is provided by Metro-North Railroad (operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority).
Metro-North operates three rail lines east of the Hudson River to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan, from east to west they are the New Haven Line (serving southeast Westchester County), the Harlem Line (serving Central and Eastern Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess Counties), and the Hudson Line (serving western Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess Counties).
Amtrak serves Yonkers, Croton-Harmon, Poughkeepsie, Rhinecliff-Kingston, and Hudson along the eastern shores of the Hudson River, as well as New Rochelle in southeastern Westchester County.
Sports.
The Hudson Valley Renegades is a minor league baseball team affiliated with the New York Yankees.
The team is a member of the Mid-Atlantic League and plays at Dutchess Stadium in Fishkill.
The New York Boulders of the independent Can-Am League play at Clover Stadium, in Pomona, NY.
Kingston Stockade FC is a soccer team representing the Hudson Valley in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), a national semi-professional league at the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.
Adjustment Day is a 2018 novel by Chuck Palahniuk.
Synopsis.
In a near-future United States, a corrupt Senator plans to reinstate the draft to send young men to die in a planned nuclear attack of mutually agreed-upon destruction in the Middle East to prevent an uprising of those same young men.
Meanwhile, the mysterious Talbott Reynolds circulates a small blue and black book throughout the country full of his own manifesto and wisdom on how life should be lived, and a Web site called "The List" allows users to submit and vote on public figures they think deserve to be killed.
Before the vote can be made to reinstate the draft, readers of Reynolds's manifesto rise up, kill the targets on The List, and use severed ears taken from those killings to prove their power and become the new leaders of a new United States, split into the regions of Blacktopia, Gaysia, and Caucasia.
Reception.
"Adjustment Day" has received mixed reviews.
In 1944 a forced labour camp (no. 120) for members of the Home Army and other organisations loyal to the Polish government in exile was set up in the village by the communist-run, Soviet-sponsored Ministry of Public Security.
Officially closed in 1948, in fact it continued to operate for some time.
The camp was based in the local farm estate.
A historic pueblo of the Cochiti people, one of the Keresan Nations, it is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The population was 528 at the 2010 census.
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics.
At the 2010 census, there were 528 people, 157 households and 127 "families" residing in the CDP.
The population density was .
There were 178 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.76.
The median age was 34.5 years.
Cochiti pueblo and Cochiti people.
The Cochiti pueblo people are a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans.
Cochiti people").
The Cochiti speak Eastern Keres, a dialect of the Keresan language, a language isolate.
In the early 21st century, the Keres Children's Learning Center, an independent Keres immersion school, was founded to aid with preservation of their language and culture.
It has added grades since its founding.
The pueblo administers of reservation land and works closely with the Bureau of Land Management who has jurisdiction over Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument.
The pueblo celebrates the annual feast day for its patron saint, San Buenaventura, on July 14.
History.
The Cochiti people are thought to be descended from the Ancestral Puebloans (formerly known as the Anasazi).
The ancestors of the Cochiti people, living in cliff dwellings at Rito de los Frijoles in present-day Bandelier National Monument, divided into two groups.
One was located in the pueblo of Katishtya (later called San Felipe pueblo) in the south and the other was located in Potrero Viejo, one of the finger mesas of the Pajarito Plateau in northern central New Mexico.
Approximately 12 miles northwest of the present-day Cochiti Pueblo, a temporary pueblo known as Hanut Cochiti had been established.
At first, the Spaniards admired and respected the Pueblo Peoples for their Spanish-like farming techniques and villages, viewing them as equals, and opening trade.
As time went on, the Spaniards attempted to assimilate Cochiti people (and other tribes) into New Spanish society.
They were forced to pay taxes in crops, cotton, and work.
The Cochiti pueblo people took part in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, an uprising of the Native Americans against the Spaniards.
When Spanish Governor Antonio de Otermin reconquered New Mexico, the tribe retreated with the other Keresan tribes of San Felipe and Santo Domingo (now called Kewa) to the Potrero Viejo.
The Cochiti people remained at Potrero Viejo until 1693 when they were forced to flee Spanish Governor Don Diego de Vargas and his troops.
Art.
Potters of Cochiti and Kewa Pueblo (formerly Santo Domingo Pueblo) have made traditional pots for centuries, developing styles for different purposes and expressing deep beliefs in their designs.
Since the early decades of the 20th century, these pots have been appreciated by a wider audience outside the pueblos.
Continuing to use traditional techniques, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, potters have also expanded their designs and repertoire in pottery, which has an international market.
Education.
In popular culture.
The 2016 Thailand Masters Grand Prix Gold was the third Grand Prix's badminton tournament of the 2016 BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold.
Mymar pulchellum is a species of fairyfly within the family Mymaridae found in Sweden.
He played in one match for the Chile national football team in 1937.
Noer Hassan Wirajuda (born 9 July 1948 in Tangerang, West Java, Indonesia) is an Indonesian politician who was the foreign minister of Indonesia from 2001 to 2009.
He served during the presidencies of Megawati Sukarnoputri and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
Education.
Wirajuda earned a Doctor of Juridical Science in international law from the University of Virginia School of Law (1981), a Master of Law (LL.M) from Harvard University School of Law (1985), and a Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University (1984).
In 1971, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Indonesia and in 1976, he spent a year at Oxford University in the United Kingdom earning a Certificate in Diplomacy.
Diplomatic career.
On 6 February 2009, Wirajuda criticized Myanmar for their abuse of Rohingya people, after nearly 400 Rohingya refugees were rescued off the coast of Sumatra in the first month of 2009.
In 2007 he chaired the first Indonesia-UK forum alongside British foreign minister Margaret Beckett.
Wirajuda was the proponent of the ASEAN Political and Security Community (of the three pillars of ASEAN Community) with core values in the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights, good governance and the establishment of an ASEAN Human Rights body which would later become the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR).
He actively championed for a more inclusive and balanced East Asia, as reflected by the first East Asia Summit of 16 member states in 2005.
On 22 October 2009, Marty Natalegawa was appointed foreign minister.
In coordination chemistry, a binucleating ligand binds two metals.
Much attention has been directed toward such ligands that hold metals side-by-side, such that the pair of metals can bind substrates cooperatively.
A variety of metalloenzymes feature bimetallic active sites.
Examples include superoxide dismutase, urease, nickel-iron hydrogenase.
Many Non-heme iron proteins have diiron active sites, e.g. ribonucleotide reductase and hemerythrin.
Examples.
Usually binucleating ligands feature bridging ligands, such as phenoxide, pyrazolate, or pyrazine, as well as other donor groups that bind to only one of the two metal ions.
Adventure Bike Rider or ABR is a UK bimonthly motorcycling newspaper published by Adventurize Ltd, based in Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom.
Held since 1966, Gitarijada is one of the longest lasting festivals in Serbia and in South Eastern Europe and the largest festival of young and unaffirmed bands in South Eastern Europe.
Apart from the competition of unaffirmed bands from the region of former Yugoslavia, the festival program includes performances of established acts.
History.
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "LRRC4" gene.
This gene is significantly downregulated in primary brain tumors.
Hollis is an unincorporated community in Oregon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
She has two World Cup victories and competed for the Czech Republic at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
was a Swiss skeleton racer who competed in the late 1940s.
The Gamecocks, led by second-year head coach Ray Harper, played their home games at the Pete Mathews Coliseum in Jacksonville, Alabama as members of the Ohio Valley Conference.
They defeated Tennessee Tech in the quarterfinals of the OVC tournament before losing in the semifinals to Murray State.
They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Canisius and Central Arkansas to advance to the semifinals where they lost to North Texas.
Previous season.
As the No. 4 seed in the OVC tournament, they defeated Southeast Missouri State, top-seeded Belmont, and UT Martin to win the tournament title.
As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament, its first ever appearance, where it lost in the first round to Louisville.
Preseason.
In a vote of conference coaches and sports information directors, Jacksonville State was picked to finish in 2nd place in the OVC.
Additionally, for the first time, each conference team will play 18 conference games.
The Northern Ireland Ladies Open was a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour (LET) held in Northern Ireland.
A Northern Ireland tournament was a fixture on the LET schedule since the tour's inception in 1979.
In 1984 the tournament featured on the LPGA Tour along with the Women's British Open.
As well as the LET professionals, the field featured 12-year-old local twins Lisa and Leona Maguire.
Sami is a department or commune of Banwa Province in western Burkina Faso.
Its capital lies at the town of Sami.
According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 7,703.
The Satis () is a river in central Russia, a right tributary of the Moksha.
Geography.
The river is long, and has a drainage basin of .
The river bed has sediment of pebbles and sand and the shores are lined with trees.
The nature of the terrain remains almost uniform until the city of Sarov.
The water is characterized by a fairly high content of sulphates and calcium salts.
The soil is rich in limestone and limonite.
The presence of the latter is manifested in the water's red hue after heavy rain.
The water is cold even on hot summer days owing to the many springs that feed it.
The presence of underwater springs largely explains the river does not freeze during the winter period in some areas.
Fish.
The ichthyofauna of the river is diverse.
In general, the dominant species are Roach, Gudgeon, Perch and Bleak - Oxyphilic species, which indicates favourable abiotic and biotic regimes.
The population of species that are sensitive to pollution, such as Gudgeon, Bleak, Chub, Ruff, and Dace has increased.
It was the first club championship to be organised in two years as the 2020-21 championship was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The championship began on 21 November 2021 and ended on 12 February 2022.
Corofin were beaten in the 2021 Galway final and were not able to defend their All-Ireland title.
On 12 February 2022, Kilcoo won the championship.
They defeated Kilmacud Crokes after extra time by 2-08 to 0-13 in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park.
Format.
Each county decides the format for their county championship.
The format can be straight knockout, double-elimination, a league, groups, etc. or a combination.
Only single club teams are allowed to enter the All-Ireland Club championship.
If a team that is an amalgamation of two or more clubs, a divisional team or a university team wins a county's championship, a single club team will represent that county in the provincial championship as determined by that county's championship rules.
Normally it is the club team that exited the championship at the highest stage.
Provincial championships.
Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster each organise a provincial championship for their participating county champions.
The Kilkenny senior champions play in the Leinster Intermediate Club Football Championship.
All matches are knock-out.
Two ten minute periods of extra time are played each way if it's a draw at the end of normal time in all matches including the final.
If the score is still level after extra time the match is replayed.
All-Ireland.
Traditionally, the All-Ireland final was played in Croke Park on St. Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, but it was also moved to mid February in 2022.
TV Coverage.
TG4 continue to broadcast live and deferred club championship games.
County Finals.
Life.
The long list of students speaks for her skills and reputation as a singing teacher.
Nicklass-Kempner died in Berlin at the age of 78.
Her grave is located at the Friedhof Wilmersdorf in Berlin.
Byrsonima coccolobifolia is a species of plant in the Malpighiaceae family.
Early years.
Arline Judge was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the daughter of newspaperman John Judge and his wife, Margaret Ormond Judge.
She was educated at St. Augustine's in Bridgeport and at New Rochelle College, leaving the latter to seek a career in acting.
Stage.
Judge made her theatrical debut in Broadway musicals and revues such as "The Second Little Show" and "Silver Slipper".
A part in "George White's Scandals" provided an opportunity to demonstrate her skills at comedy and dancing.
Film.
After meeting director Wesley Ruggles on a train, she got her start in films with his help, then married him.
Nicknamed "One-Take Sally," her film career spanned the 1930s and 1940s.
Judge co-starred in "When Strangers Meet" (1934), among other films.
Television.
Judge had a few television appearances, the last one in 1964 as Emmalou Schneider in the "Perry Mason" episode "The Case of the Nautical Knot".
Personal life.
She married Ruggles in 1931 and divorced him on April 9, 1937, a few hours before she married Topping, whom she divorced in 1940.
She died of natural causes.
NGC 7079 is a barred lenticular galaxy located about 110.58 million light-years away in the constellation of Grus.
NGC 7079 is also classified as a LINER galaxy.
NGC 7079 was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on September 6, 1834.
Physical characteristics.
NGC 7079 has a faint cigar-shaped bar with ansae at the ends, and there is another very faint spiral structure surrounding it.
The rim of the disk also has a somewhat faint ring-like structure.
Emission of doubly ionized oxygen gas.
In NGC 7079, it has been indicated that there is a faint emission of doubly ionized oxygen.
The ionized gas is rotating in the opposite direction of the stars in the galaxy.
The counter-rotation has been attributed to the accretion of gas from outside of the galaxy.
Group membership.
NGC 7079 is a member of the NGC 7079 Group.
Hassan Ismail Abdelazim, leader of the Democratic Arab Socialist Union, is the official spokesman of the Rally.
Member parties.
The National Democratic Rally was formed in January 1980 by the five member parties listed above, and its membership has not changed since.
In several cases these parties were originally opposition wings of parties that had joined the governing National Progressive Front, which is a leftist nationalist party coalition established under the leadership of the Syrian Ba'ath Party.
A few parties also had sister parties or factions in other Arab states, such as Nasserist Egypt or Ba'athist Iraq.
Its first spokesman was Democratic Arab Socialist Union chairman Jamal al-Atassi.
At his death in the year 2000, his role was inherited by his successor at the helm of DASU, Hassan Ismail Abdelazim.
The Rally took part in the opposition movement of 1980 - a period of civil protest by leftist, Islamist, liberal and nationalist groups which coincided with an armed uprising by Islamists in the Muslim Brotherhood and more radical factions.
Riad al-Turk, jailed 1980-98).
The Rally was later active in the Damascus Spring of 2000, holding seminars and advocating political freedom.
However, its member parties are now relatively marginal on the Syrian political scene, even if they remain an important segment of the organized opposition, due to decades of severe repression and denial of freedom to organize.
Ren Michael Pedersen OAM (born "Rene") 4 February 1971, Atherton, North Queensland, Australia), is a prominent international advocate for children's brain cancer research.
After the death of his daughter Amy from a brain stem cancer known as Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), Pedersen founded the independent Australian arm of The Cure Starts Now.
In 2012 and 2017, Pedersen was nominated for Australian of the Year award in recognition of his efforts to fund research into holistic cancer cures, via targeting the most challenging paediatric brain tumours.
He was awarded the Rotary International Harris Medal in 2012, Lauren Hill Full Court Press Award in 2017 and Pride of Australia Medal in 2018.
Pedersen was awarded an Order of Australia Medal in the 2022 Australia Day Honours for service to the community.
Early life.
His family were direct descendants of pioneering convict settlers, John Warby and Sarah Bently.
His family owned Australia's second oldest continually operating hotel, The Royal Hotel, in Herberton, North Queensland.
In 1975, following a marriage breakdown, Marie moved to Atherton with her two sons.
The family relocated to Ayr, North Queensland in 1978, where Pedersen completed school at St Francis primary school and later, Ayr High.
Career.
After successfully completing Senior, Pedersen left home and became a qualified Horticulturalist with the Burdekin Shire Council.
Moving to Townsville around 1990, Pedersen started a small landscape gardening business, before accepting an offer to experience professional rugby league with the Canterbury Bulldogs, then Wests, soon after.
Upon arrival in Sydney in early February 1992, Pedersen also trialled for the Randwick Rugby Union club under the pseudonym of "John Keller", and was graded after scoring four tries in a single game during an Open club trial.
The offer to play rugby union was declined.
After serious knee and facial injuries and major operations in 1992 and 1993, Pedersen was convinced to re-establish first grade credentials with the NRL feeder club Newtown Jets.
Although attaining solid employment in Sydney at Port Botany Container Depot, Pedersen returned to Townsville by 1994, disillusioned with sitting in the stands from injury and fed up with "city life".
After immediately gaining employment as a stevedore in Townsville, Pedersen played centre in University's unsuccessful Grand Final tilt on 18 September 1994.
Pedersen credits his greatest achievement in rugby league as making two complete sets of six tackles in a single game against the Burdekin, earlier that same season.
He retired from league soon after, but made a few, uninspiring attempts to rekindle past glories, eventually making "A" Grade with Teachers Wests Rugby Union and University Rugby League sides in the early 2000s.
Ceasing employment at the port in 2004, Patriot Crane Hire was formed in 2005.
He has three children, oldest Jack born in 1997 and Riley in 2012.
His passion for promoting positive health pathways for children is firmly recognised across Australia's media landscape.
A prominent social angler, he is heavily involved in the fishing sector and is a regular contributor to FM radio's North Queensland Fishing Show.
Following the death of his daughter, Pedersen formed The Cure Starts Now (Australia) in efforts to honour a promise to Amy that he "Would never give up!" and give future brain tumour children, both in Australia and internationally, a shot at life.
Charity work.
The Cure Starts Now was founded in 2007 by Cincinnati's Keith and Brooke Desserich with Ren Pedersen the former director of the independent Australian branch of this astounding international organization.
Ren Pedersen is universally acknowledged for 'fathering' Australia's DIPG movement.
CCIA, NHMRC Grants, etc.
Ren is no longer formally aligned with any charitable enterprise.
Byron York (born December 5, 1955) is an American conservative correspondent, pundit, columnist, and author.
Education.
York holds a B.A. from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa and an M.A. from the University of Chicago.
Career.
York joined "The Washington Examiner" as chief political correspondent in 2009.
He was previously a White House correspondent for "National Review".
He is also a syndicated columnist.
Before working for "National Review", York was a news producer at CNN Headline News and an investigative reporter for "The American Spectator".
He has also written for "The Atlantic", "The Hill", "The Wall Street Journal", "The Weekly Standard", and the "New York Post".
He has appeared on such programs as "Meet the Press", "The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer", "The O'Reilly Factor", "Meet the Press", "Special Report", "The Laura Ingraham Show", and "Hardball with Chris Matthews", and has contributed occasional commentaries to National Public Radio.
For a brief period in 2005 he was a contributing blogger at "The Huffington Post".
He has taken part in discussions with other media personalities at BloggingHeads.tv.
Political positions.
In 2001, York criticized President Bill Clinton's pardon of Susan McDougal, who had served three months in prison for Contempt of court related to her involvement in the Whitewater scandal.
In 2005, York posited a plot by the Democratic Party to "take down" President George W. Bush in his book "The Vast Left Wing Conspiracy".
In 2007, York called on President Bush to give a full pardon to Scooter Libby, who was sentenced to prison for obstruction of justice, perjury and making false statements in the Plame affair.
In 2010, York wrote an op-ed titled "Obama has himself to blame for Muslim problem", which argued that President Obama was to blame for the widespread misconception that he was Muslim.
York wrote that Obama had written about his Muslim grandfather and noted that members of his extended family were Muslim.
Put it all together, and is it any wonder the public is confused?"
York suggested that Special Counsel Robert Mueller's probe into Russian interference in the 2016 election could be compromised because of an alleged friendship to former FBI Director James Comey, whom President Trump fired.
York supported Chuck Grassley and Lindsey Graham's recommendation of criminal charges against Christopher Steele, one of the people who sought to expose Russian interference in the 2016 election.
They alleged that Steele had lied to federal authorities.
However, federal authorities have not filed charges against him for lying.
In July 2018, when Mariia Butina, an accused Russian spy who had sought to involve herself in the NRA and the Republican Party, was arrested, York downplayed the charges.
In February 2019, York argued that the attempt by the new Democratic majority in the House of Representatives to compel the release of President Trump's tax returns amounted to the "ultimate fishing expedition".
In 2020, during the George Floyd protests against racism and police brutality, York criticized a statement by former President George W. Bush which said it was "time for America to examine our tragic failures."
York said it was "remarkable" that Bush "almost completely ignored riots, violence."
Shortly before the 2020 presidential election, York wrote a piece in the "Washington Examiner" analyzing a findings simulation that claimed Joe Biden wouldn't concede the election if he lost, and claiming that Biden would pressure Democratic governors to reject Trump's victory in their states and that House Democrats would refuse to acknowledge Trump's victory.
He also asserted that Trump would concede if he lost.
However, in reality, the opposite occurred.
"Trump" lost the election, refused to concede, and pressured "Republican" governors to reject the results, all while numerous Republican officials, including in the House of Representatives, refused to acknowledge Biden's victory and voted to reject the electors.
Family and personal life.
He is the son of Tom York, a longtime television personality from Birmingham, Alabama, and Helen Hamilton (born 1929).
His nephew is Washington Examiner's Life and Arts editor, Park MacDougald.
Description.
The codex contains the text of the New Testament except Gospels on 204 paper leaves ().
It is written in one column per page, in 29 lines per page.
The leaves are arranged in quarto.
It contains Prolegomena and many marginal readings.
It contains the Comma Johanneum added by a later hand.
Text.
The Greek text of the Acts of the Apostles and the Catholic epistles Aland placed in Category III.
It exhibits a remarkable text.
The text of the Pauline epistles and Apocalypse is a representative of the Byzantine text-type.
History.
Acts and epistles were written by George, a monk in the 14th century (Scrivener 13th century).
The Apocalypse was added later in the 14th or 15th century.
The manuscript was examined by Franz Anton Knittel in 1773, Matthaei (designated by X), and Franz Delitsch.
C. R. Gregory saw it in 1891.
Formerly it was labelled by 69a, 74p, and 30r.
In 1908 Gregory gave the number 429 to it.
I is the debut studio album by Swedish metalcore band Imminence.
The album was released on 9 September 2014 through We Are Triumphant Records and was produced by Christian Svedin.
Critical reception.
Creative, crushing and catchy, they seamlessly stitch together the rough, warm cloth of metalcore with the smooth, thin silk of post-hardcore, making I a quilt that the listener will be anxious to wrap themselves in after a day in the freezing cold of monotonous metalcore."
In school, he became a close friend of the writer, Alexander Pushkin, due to the similarity of their names.
Biography.
Later, he joined the Union of Salvation.
When it was disbanded, he joined the Decembrists (originally known as the Welfare Union).
In 1823, after he came into conflict with Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich, he was dismissed from the military and took a position with the Saint Petersburg Court's criminal division.
This was followed by service as judge on the Moscow Court of Justice.
At that time, the judiciary was held in little respect by the nobility.
In late 1825, he went to Mikhailovsky, a village in Pskov Oblast, to tell his friend Pushkin about the existence of the Decembrists.
He then went to Saint Petersburg, arriving just in time to take part in the uprising.
He narrowly missed being shot on several occasions.
The next day, another old friend from the Lyceum, the future statesman Alexander Gorchakov, risked his career to offer him assistance in obtaining a passport for London.
He refused, saying he had no right to run away and abandon his comrades.
He was arrested, tried by the , and found guilty of participating in an action with regicidal intent.
This brought a sentence of death, which was commuted to life imprisonment.
That summer, he was taken to Shlisselburg Fortress.
Later, he was transferred to Siberia, where he performed hard labor in the villages of Chita and Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky.
After twenty years, he was taken to Turinsk (where he supposedly did nothing but read books), then settled in Yalutorovsk, where he became involved in agriculture.
He also kept in touch with other Decembrists, and tried to help any in need.
In 1856, he finally returned from exile.
At the request of , the son of Ivan Yakushkin, one of the first Decembrists, he wrote his memoirs, including his recollections of Pushkin.
These were published in several parts, in a variety of media, notably the journal, "".
In 1857, he married , the widow of a fellow Decembrist, Mikhail Fonvizin, who had died not far from where Pushchin was staying, in Bronnitsky Uyezd.
He spent his final years at his brother-in-law's estate, where he died, and was interred at the local cathedral.
Krnji Grad is a village in the municipality of Prokuplje, Serbia.
Ellen Altfest (born 1970 in New York City) is an American painter who lives and works in New York.
She is best known for her realist depictions of landscapes and still lifes that often blur the distinction between the two genres.
Education.
Altfest graduated from Cornell University with a BFA in Painting and a BA in English, an MFA in Painting from Yale in 1997, and studied at the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture.
Artwork.
According to art critic Randy Kennedy, Altfest is known for her "painstakingly labor-intensive canvases that look at things in the world."
For example, while completing her 2013 work "Tree", Altfest spent 13 months sitting in front of a tree trunk exploring the details.
Altfest is also known for small-scale works.
The previously mentioned "Tree", an oil on canvas, is approximately the size of a piece of typing paper.
Altfest had ten works shown at Bellwether Gallery in 2005 at her "first New York gallery show."
Altfest organized "Men," a group show in 2006 of ten paintings of men by ten different women artists at I-20.
In 2007, London's White Cube gallery held a solo exhibition of her work which included the first extensive series of paintings of men.
A monograph was released on the occasion of her exhibition at White Cube.
Deep Fried Fanclub is a rarities compilation album by Scottish alternative rock band Teenage Fanclub, released in 1995.
It mostly features non-album singles and b-sides released through the band's association with Paperhouse and K Records.
Personnel.
The General Electric J97 is a single-shaft turbojet engine designed and built by General Electric as a compact high-performance engine for light attack fighters and eventually a number of drone projects.
Development and design.
Atalanta Bergamasca Calcio is an Italian professional football club based in Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
The club was founded in 1907 and it currently competes in Serie A, the top tier of the Italian football league system.
Thirteen managers were in charge on multiple occasions.
The club hired its first professional coach, Cesare Lovati, in 1925, and the current head coach is Gian Piero Gasperini.
Atalanta's only manager to win a major trophy is Paolo Tabanelli, under whom the club won the Coppa Italia in 1963.
Managerial history.
Longest-serving managers.
Current manager Gian Piero Gasperini, who led the club to its highest league finishes and UEFA Champions League qualification between 2019 and 2021, has the most appearances as manager in the club's history (331 ) and the longest uninterrupted tenure as Atalanta manager (seven consecutive seasons).
He became the club's longest-serving manager on 9 October 2022, when he oversaw his 300th game with Atalanta.
Career.
He started his professional career in Dingli Swallows as a striker.
In consequence in September 2014 he signed a contract with Panthrakikos, where he played in 3 games in the Greek Superleague.
Club.
Caecilia bokermanni is a species of caecilian in the family Caeciliidae.
It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and possibly Peru.
They also played a tri-nation series which included Sri Lanka.
The player of the series was Steve Waugh from Australia.
Of the five matches, one was drawn, Australia won three and England won one.
Edith Bondie (1918-2005) was a basketmaker whose work is in the Smithsonian Institution, the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art, and the Besser Museum for Northeast Michigan.
Bondie was a Chippewa Indian born in 1918 in Mikado, Michigan.
Her mother was also a basketmaker.
For her baskets, Bondie typically used black ash from around her home.
Bondie participated in the 1972 Alpena Fall Harvest Festival held at the in Besser Museum for Northeast Michigan.
In 1985, Bondie won the Michigan Heritage Award for her basketweaving.
In 1989, Bondie joined Native American artists Michele Gauthier and Sally Thielen for an art exhibition in St. Petersburg.
Teneriffe Village is a heritage-listed warehouse at 110 Macquarie Street, Teneriffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
It was built from 1955 to 1957.
It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
History.
It was the second last store to be erected in the Teneriffe woolstore precinct, and the last in Dalgety's complex, which included a wharf and a wool dumping and grain store.
As with earlier woolstores in the Teneriffe area, the building's function was to store and show Queensland wool, sales being conducted at the Wool Exchange in the Brisbane central business district.
Like earlier woolstores, the top floor was occupied by a single large showroom, where buyers could examine the wool at leisure under suffusive natural lighting.
The site was owned from 1883 to 1906 by Queensland Brewery Ltd (later Carlton United), manufacturers of Brisbane's popular Bulimba Beer.
By 1890 the company had established a brewery at the end of Florence Street, which at the time did not extend to Macquarie Street.
Dalgetys were the first pastoral company to move into Teneriffe, which in the 1910s and 1920s developed as Brisbane's principal woolstore precinct, to which wool was railed and shipped from all over Queensland, awaiting auction by the large pastoral companies like Dalgety's which dominated the wool industry.
In 1897 the Colonial Sugar Refinery and its wharf were constructed south of Merthyr Road, along with the Bulimba branch railway line connecting the refinery to the main network.
Convenient bulk transport was crucial for the movement of wool from distant properties to the woolstores, rail being the cheapest means of bringing the product in for storage until it was shipped out some time after sale.
During the early 1930s, when wool contributed 50 percent of Queensland's total exports, Brisbane averaged ten wool sales a year, and two more stores were built.
Four were added during the 1940s, but these were not as substantial, and only one had a showroom.
2 Store (1957) in Macquarie Street.
When Florence Street was extended through to Macquarie Street early in 1955, Dalgetys demolished their No 3 single-storey corrugated iron store and No 4 two-storey single brick woolstore.
These were replaced in 1955-57 by the present brick building.
Jack Michod, Dalgety's Queensland Wool manager, was very involved in the design, in particular regarding natural lighting, floor room spacing and an innovative chute control system.
These technological and operational features reflected new marketing procedures in Queensland's wool industry during the boom of the 1950s.
From the mid-1960s, changing economic pressures, the advent of containerism, technological advances in core sampling of wool, and improved breeding standards, caused the wool industry to change to single-level storage, labour-saving methods and computer trading, few of which were feasible at Teneriffe.
The pastoral company which was the first to move into the Teneriffe area was also the first to move out.
From the mid-1960s, the importance of the Teneriffe facilities to the Queensland wool industry slowly declined, and the Teneriffe wharves, having failed to keep pace with technological changes, and lacking sufficient depth for container vessels, were supplanted in 1977-78 by the Port of Brisbane Authority's new river-mouth facilities at Fishermans Island.
Since the mid-1970s, many of the former woolstores at Teneriffe have been recycled for office, storage and retail purposes.
In 1984 Primaries transferred their No 8 Woolstore to "Paddy" John Stephens, who established a market trading centre in the building.
As Paddy's Market, the place has become a popular Brisbane shopping and tourist venue.
Description.
Paddy's Market is a five-storeyed, brick-clad, steel-framed building which has an irregular shape to suit the site.
A strong horizontal emphasis is achieved by means of rows of windows with concrete sunshades.
The building has exposed concrete at the head of the windows with most projecting.
Timber framed hopper windows are arranged in two and three panels wide.
Some sections have two windows with a louvre section below.
Sections of the top floor are four panes high.
The ground floor is a mixture of windows and openings, many of which were loading bays originally, in a less regular pattern than the upper floors.
An exhaust duct of galvanised steel extends along the Macquarie Street facade up the length of the building and exhausts above the parapet.
A similar duct is on the north side of the building.
Also along part of the Macquarie Street facade, terracotta tiles extend from ground level up to the projecting concrete above the head.
The top of the large parapet is a rendered capping.
On the west side parapet is the lettering Queensland Primary Producers Woolstores No.8.
The roof of the building has a sawtooth structure with south lights which are not at right angles to the facade of the building.
This sawtooth roof, from which the top floor showroom is suffused with light, is usual in woolstore construction.
The internal structure is reinforced concrete floors and steel columns, with a series of trusses supporting the sawtooth roof.
It is understood that the river frontage necessitated piers to below ground level.
Each floor is over 4000 square metres in area.
The ceiling is lined with hardboard and internal brickwork is painted.
One lift is located on the south side and a goods lift on the north side.
A series of fire escape stairs are throughout the building with one constructed on the footpath on the east side.
Like some Interwar woolstores, a rail siding was accommodated internally on the ground floor.
Office accommodation was provided on the ground, first and third floors, access being gained by means of an elevator and concrete stairs.
As Paddy's Market, the ground floor and sections of the first to third floors of the building have been partitioned for a variety of stalls.
The showroom floor is occupied by a large fabric cash and carry enterprise.
Of the original equipment, three wool elevators, three wool drops and five wool chutes have been removed, but the original passenger lift survives.
Also removed were the internal rail lines, office accommodation and other items associated with the woolstore.
Heritage listing.
Teneriffe Village (former Paddys Market) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
Paddy's Market is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history, illustrating that the importance of the Teneriffe wool handling facilities to the Queensland wool industry was sustained well into the mid-20th century, as well as highlighting operational and marketing procedures employed in Queensland's wool industry during the boom of the 1950s.
Paddy's Market remains an integral element of the most cohesive group of woolstores in Australia, illustrating the development of the Queensland wool industry from the early 1900s to the 1950s.
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
This group remains as rare surviving evidence of an industry upon which much of the wealth of Queensland (and of Australia) was built.
Paddy's Market also has rarity value as one of only two Teneriffe woolstores illustrating the final postwar stage of development in an industrial process and associated building form which are now superseded, including the orientation of the south-facing roof trusses in relation to the building.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
Paddy's market is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of the broad class of brick, concrete and steel woolstores which were built in Australian ports, including Teneriffe, to serve the wool industry after the Second World War, but which illustrates a continuity of traditional elements and form in the materials and style of the 1950s.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
The building is part of a group of woolstores which have formed a landmark along the Brisbane River for many years, and for over a decade has had a special social association for the Queensland community as Paddy's Market.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
He was originally Leicester Viney Smith.
Elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Chatham in Kent a by-election in June 1853, after the result of the 1852 general election in the constituency were overturned on petition.
Vernon's by-election victory was itself the subject of a petition, which he did not defend, but the petition was subsequently withdrawn.
At the next general election, in 1857, he stood instead in Berkshire, where did not win a seat.
He was returned to the House of Commons after a two-year absence at the 1859 general election, when Berkshire's 3 MPs were elected unopposed.
He died the following year, aged 61.
Justin Veltung (born March 30, 1991) is a former American football wide receiver.
He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent out of Idaho in 2013.
He has also played for the St. Louis Rams.
High school.
As a senior, was first-team all-South Puget Sound League as a receiver, defensive back and kick returner.
Named SPSL Special Teams Player of the Year as a junior and senior and Tacoma News Tribune all-area return specialist.
Had 19 receptions for 481 yards and 944 all-purpose yards despite missing part of the season with injury.
College career.
2009.
Saw action as a true freshman at receiver (one reception for seven yards) and on special teams where he returned 17 kicks for 425 yards.
2010.
Developed into an integral member of the Vandal receiving corps.
Was third on the team in total receiving yards (497) and tied for sixth in total receptions (25) and scored more TDs than any other Vandal receiver with eight.
2011.
Was named to the preseason Paul Hornung Watch list.
Battled foot injury throughout the season, but nevertheless, led the team in punt and kickoff returns and was the fifth leading receiver and was second in all-purpose yards with 919.
2012.
Was once again named to the preseason Paul Hornung Watch List, but was once again hampered by injury his final season, catching only 16 passes for a measly 166 yards.
He returned eight kickoffs for 138 yards and 15 punts for 32 yards.
Professional career.
Seattle Seahawks.
On May 23, 2013, Veltung was signed by his hometown Seattle Seahawks.
He was released on July 28, 2013 when the Seahawks signed Ray Holley.
St. Louis Rams.
He was signed three days later, on July 31, 2013 by the St. Louis Rams.
He was waived during final cuts on August 29, 2013.
After he cleared waivers he was signed to the Rams practice squad.
Justin had a partial tear to his right meniscus.
He is the incumbent Ambassador to Denmark, and was formerly the 4th Commanding General of the Republic of China Army (ROCA), 8th Deputy Minister of National Defense (MND), the 15th Director-General of the National Security Bureau (NSB) and the 2nd Minister of the Veterans Affairs Council (VAC).
Early life.
He then later graduated from the Republic of China Military Academy in 1974 as a Missile Officer.
Lee also obtained his master's degree from the National Taiwan University, National Chung Hsing University of Taiwan and Georgetown University of the United States.
Military career.
Early military position.
Lee served as the Commander of Military Police (ROCMP) from 1 June 2009 to 16 May 2011.
He was promoted to General of the ROC Army on 16 May 2011 and appointed as the Vice Chief of the General Staff under Admiral Lin Chen-yi, the then Chief of the General Staff.
Army Commanding General.
General Lee was appointed to success General Yang Tien-hsiao as the Commanding General of the ROC Army on 16 August 2011.
On 16 July and 8 August 2013, General Lee tendered his resignation from his chief position and from the Ministry of National Defense due to the poor handling of the minister on the death scandal of Corporal Hung Chung-chiu, but was rejected by Defense Minister Kao Hua-chu and Yen Ming.
Both Kao and Yen asked him to stay in his post.
Deputy Minister of National Defense.
In early April 2014, speaking to the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Committee of the Legislative Yuan, Lee said that if the People's Liberation Army (PLA) were to invade Taiwan, they need at least four months for assault preparation, thus translated to the amount of advance warning Taiwan needs in such scenario.
In the event of cross-strait war, the command has to come from Zhongnanhai, the headquarter of the Communist Party of China, by the task force formation at the Central Military Commission.
The next step would be recalling all of the Chinese envoys in Taiwan, execute economic preparations and tighten control of Taiwanese business people in Mainland China.
He added that Taiwan has already prepared relevant measures with other countries and military reserve would be called in such attack scenario.
Military confidence building measure can only be built between ROC Armed Forces and PLA only if Beijing renounces the use of force to achieve Chinese unification.
The ROC Ministry of National Defense however would always remain neutral in any cross-strait issues, he added.
Political career.
Veterans minister for the Tsai Administration.
On 28 April 2016, Lee Hsiang-chou was designated to be the new Minister of the Veterans Affairs Council.
He then took office on 20 May 2016.
Prior to assuming the position, Lee registered as a political independent, ending his affiliation with the Kuomintang, which he had joined in 1969.
In December 2016, on his way to visit Thailand from Taiwan, Lee was denied stopover entry into Singapore for the purpose of visiting veterans of the Republic of China Armed Forces residing in the small island nation.
Ambassador to Denmark.
The Belvidere Hill Historic District encompasses a residential area on the east side of Lowell, Massachusetts known for its fine 19th-century houses.
The area, roughly bounded by Wyman, Belmont, Fairview, and Nesmith Streets, was developed beginning in the 1850s, and was one of the finest neighborhoods in the city, home to many of its business and civic leaders.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
Description and history.
Belvidere Hill is the highest point in the city of Lowell.
Located on the city's east side, it is one of several glacial drumlin that characterize the city's geography east of the Concord River and south of the Merrimack River.
Prior to its residential development, Belvidere Hill was farmland.
In 1849, the Proprietors of Locks and Canals purchased land at the top of what was then called Lynde's Hill, and built a reservoir in order to provide water pressure to the city's industries when the power canals were drained for maintenance.
Fairmount Road, built to facilitate construction of the reservoir, also became a spur to the hill's residential development.
The city's businessmen and political leaders found the hill a desirable place to live, in part because it provided views "away" from the heavily urbanized parts of the city.
The historic district is roughly bounded by Wyman, Belmont, Fairview, and Nesmith Streets.
Fairmount Street is the principal spine of the district, running between Mansur Street and Evergreen Road.
It also includes portions of Belmont and Nesmith Streets, which parallel Fairmount, and all of Talbot, Fairview, and Summit Streets, which are short streets between Fairmount and Belmont.
LedgerSMB is a free software double entry accounting and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system.
Accounting data is stored in a SQL database server and a standard web browser can be used as its user interface.
The system uses the Perl programming language and a Perl database interface module for processing, and PostgreSQL for data storage.
LedgerSMB is a client-server application, with server access through a web browser.
LedgerSMB is distributed under the terms of the GPL-2.0-or-later license.
Features.
It also supports per-customer language settings, so invoices can be translated into various languages when printed, and per-language invoice templates are also an option.
Releases. 1.10.0 was released on 2022-10-08 with a wide variety of improvements and fixes.
This release saw many small user-visible changes.
The larger changes were on the technical side, moving parts of the UI to Vue3 and introducing web services to back the Vue3-based UI.
Where prior releases had a central theme or special focus, this release is more a general cleanup release that touches all parts of the code base.
Notable changes in this release include better support for container images by allowing logos (for inclusion in printed documents) to be stored in the database instead of on disc, allowing the use of standard containers as well as the upgrade of payments to be first order citizens.
Where payment data used to be derived from transaction data, this release stores all payments as separate data items specifically, considerably changing reconciliation experience.
1.7.0 (End of Life) was released on 2019-10-04 with improved support for transactions in foreign currencies, much code cleanup and yet more tests again.
With the 1.7.0 release, the project continues the trend to shorten the cycle between minor (.0) releases.
1.6.0 (End of Life) was released on 2018-06-10 with a change log focused on stability and a code base to build a future on.
1.5.0 (End of Life) was released on 2016-12-24 with a change log focused on stability and user experience.
1.4.0 (End of Life) was released on 2014-09-15 with another sizeable change log.
The 1.3.0 (End of Life) release came out on 2011-10-11, with a sizeable change log, generally focusing on performance, separation of duties and fixing the (design) issues in 1.2.
The 1.2.0 (End of Life) release (announced on 2007-04-06) included a number of very deep security fixes and the beginnings of the refactoring process.
The tax and price matrix code was centralized.
This release was quite problematic and the core team ended up pulling 1.2.0 and 1.2.1 from public distribution due to a number of issues in integrating old and new code.
Many members of the core team have expressed frustration at the level of problems, but Chris Travers has generally compared the problems to those of Apache 2.0, where changes in architecture have caused problematic releases.
The general hope is that 1.2.x will be the most difficult and problematic release, perhaps of all time.
At the same time, it cannot be denied that a number of the problems in 1.2.0 were the result of trying to do too much too quickly without adequate review.
The 1.1.0 release merged in many patches that had been done for other customers but did not change the structure of the code in any significant way.
By this time, however, most of the core members were unhappy with the current architecture and had decided to work on refactoring the code.
The initial release (1.0.0 on 2006-09-06) and the events leading up to it, are described in the History section.
As of 1.5, development has taken a direction to move to a heavier (in-browser) client with access to web services in the backend.
To that extent, the 1.5 UI has been realiZed as a single-page web application.
The result is a (much) more responsive experience which looks a lot more modern and builds a foundation for much more fundamental separation of front and back end.
Massive efforts have gone into developing quality assurance measures during the development 1.5 cycle and continue to be a focus going forward.
Prior to 1.3, there were numerous challenges in the code base, such as the fact that the Perl code generated both database queries and web pages by using a combination of string-concatenation and string-printing page snippets to compose the resulting HTML.
While this functioned reasonably well, it made the interface very difficult to modify, and interoperability with projects written in other languages particularly difficult.
Additionally, most state was kept in global variables which were modified all over the place, leading to unexpected results on nearly every code modification.
Faced with these challenges, the LedgerSMB team developed a new architecture that addresses these issues by adding support for templates in the user interface, and moving all database calls into stored procedures.
Although closely resembling model-view-controller (MVC) in structure, it is not broken down in precisely the same way as other MVC implementations.
The overall design considerations included a desire to ensure that multiple programming languages could be used cross-platform to access LedgerSMB logic and that security would be consistently enforced across these applications.
Thus the LedgerSMB team envisioned a "one database, many applications" environment typical of SQL.
The overall approach heavily leverages PostgreSQL roles (application users are database users, and are assigned roles).
Access to the database logic for new code (added in 1.3 or later) goes through stored procedures that act like-named queries.
Permissions are sometimes granted on underlying relations or on the stored procedures.
The stored procedures have semantic argument names, allowing for automatic mapping in of object properties.
These are then exposed to the Perl code through fairly light-weight wrappers.
User interface code wrapped around Template Toolkit, which is also used for generating PDF's via LaTeX, CSV files, Excel, Open Document etc.
Workflow is handled through relatively light-weight Perl scripting.
History.
The project began as a fork of SQL-Ledger when Chris Travers, dissatisfied with the handling of security bugs in SQL-Ledger, joined forces with Christopher Murtagh to produce a fix for CVE-2006-4244.
This bug was apparently reported to the SQL-Ledger author, Dieter Simader, several months prior to the Chris' working on a patch.
The book followed the adventures of Captain Mors, the "Air Pirate".
The series was banned in 1916 together with nearly 150 other series under the military censorship apparatus.
In the case of the "Luftpirat" and some other series, the production plates were destroyed so the series couldn't be reprinted after the end of the First World War.
A print on demand edition was published in 2005, edited by Heinz J. Galle, containing issues 1, 40, 42, 56, 63, and 66.
A reprint of all available issues is currently being undertaken by German print-on-demand publisher Villa-Galactica.
Adaptations.
League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.
He was the last surviving Honorary Citizen of Kendal, an accolade he was said to value more than his MBE.
Signs of the Swarm is an American deathcore band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania formed in 2014.
The band consists of drummer Bobby Crow, vocalist David Simonich, guitarist Carl Schulz and bassist Michael Cassese.
History.
Signs of the Swarm was founded in 2014 with the initial lineup of vocalist CJ McCreery, guitarists Rodney Fabiann and Cory Smarsh, bassist Collin Barker, and drummer Greg Charley.
Fabiann's departure saw now-drummer Bobby Crow join the band as secondary guitarist in January of 2015.
Soon after, Charley made his departure seeing Crow take position as drummer.
Their debut full-length album, entitled "Senseless Order", was released on April 29, 2016.
The album drew influence from brutal death metal and slam.
"Senseless Order" was mostly self-recorded and therefore received mixed reviews, but allowed the band to find their footing.
Later that same year, they signed with Unique Leader Records.
Following the album's release, Barker departed the band.
A lineup change followed which saw Crow take on role as bassist, while new member Jimmy Pino replaced Crow as drummer.
With this lineup, Signs of the Swarm released their second album, "The Disfigurement of Existence", on November 3, 2017, their first release on Unique Leader.
It was received positively by fans and it introduced the influences of black metal and hardcore, which would shape their sound going forward.
In 2018, vocalist CJ McCreery departed Signs of the Swarm to join New Jersey-based deathcore act Lorna Shore, after their original vocalist Tom Barber departed to join Chelsea Grin.
The band issued a statement addressing McCreery's departure, saying the decision was mutual and stating "we wish him the best of luck in his future endeavors."
They were briefly supported by vocalists David Simonich and Matthew Krawchuk while on tour with bands such as Traitors, Aborted, and Lorna Shore.
Simonich would be announced as their permanent vocalist later that year.
Signs of the Swarm's third album, entitled "Vital Deprivation", was released on October 11, 2019, serving as Simonich's debut with them as well as drummer Jimmy Pino's last album with them.
It continued the sound they had previously explored on "The Disfigurement of Existence".
Some reviews were mixed, stating that the vocals drowned out the music in the mix.
Pino departed the band early the next year, causing another change which saw Jacob Toy switch to playing bass, and Bobby Crow return to his original position as drummer.
During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, Signs of the Swarm released 2 non-album singles.
It would also be the first to feature new guitarist Jeff Russo, who joined the band full-time in early 2021 after initially being contacted to tour with them in 2020.
Russo would also be involved in writing and recording their upcoming fourth album, according to a statement published later in the year.
In August 2021, the band parted ways with longtime members Cory Smarsh and Jacob Toy following abuse allegations against them that surfaced on Facebook.
Michael Cassese would step in to handle bass duties for their forthcoming tours.
He was later announced as a full-time member on June 6, 2022.
The band embarked on a release tour for "Absolvere" in September 2021 with opening acts Worm Shepherd and Ov Sulfur, and supported Born of Osiris that fall, alongside Shadow of Intent.
In early 2022, they supported Fit For an Autopsy, alongside Ingested, Enterprise Earth, and Great American Ghost.
On August 29, 2022, the band announced their signing with Century Media Records, ending their nearly 6-year long relationship with Unique Leader Records.
In celebration, they also announced a new single and video titled "Unbridled", which was released through Century Media on September 7.
The band entered the studio in November that same year to begin work on their fifth studio album with producer Josh Schroeder (King 810, Lorna Shore), with a social media post on December 15 confirming the album's completion.
The following April, the band welcomed new guitarist Carl Schulz, confirming the departure of Jeff Russo in the process.
Career.
Born in Drama, Alexiou began playing football with Megas Alexandros Irakleia F.C. in the Delta Ethniki.
He signed on 3.
The Eyes of Darkness is a thriller novel by American writer Dean Koontz, released in 1981.
The book focuses on a mother who sets out on a quest to find out if her son indeed died one year ago, or if he's still alive.
Plot.
A year after her son Danny dies in an alleged accident on a camping trip, stage producer Tina Evans starts receiving paranormal signals insinuating that the boy is still alive.
Having never seen Danny's deceased body, she plans to exhume his corpse to put her mind to rest.
Assisting Tina is a newly acquainted lawyer Elliot Stryker, formerly working for Army Intelligence, with whom she is having an affair.
They are soon targeted by assassins hired by Project Pandora and barely escape alive.
Tina, strongly convinced that Danny is still alive, sets out to discover what really happened to her son and rescue him.
Elliot accompanies her and the pair are chased by other agents instructed to kill them.
Tina is telepathically guided by Danny to an underground lab in Sierra Nevada where her son has been subjected to horrific experiments by a top secret governmental organisation.
Planned television adaptation.
According to author Dean Koontz in the afterword of a 2008 paperback reissue, television producer Lee Rich purchased the rights for the book along with "The Face of Fear", "Darkfall", and a fourth unnamed novel for a television series based on Koontz's work.
"The Eyes of Darkness" was assigned to Ann Powell and Rose Schacht, co-writers of "", but they could never deliver an acceptable script.
Ultimately, "The Face of Fear" is the only book of the four made into a television movie.
COVID-19 speculation.
The novel mentions a bioweapon that in earlier editions is named Gorki-400 after the Soviet city of Gorki in which it was created.
The Bedford QL was a series of trucks, manufactured by Bedford for use by the British Armed Forces in the Second World War.
History.
A pilot model was ready in February 1940 and quantity production started in March 1941.
The Bedford QL was in production from 1941 to 1945 and was Bedford's first vehicle series built for the military.
Variants.
General service cargo truck and was the most numerous version in the series.
Lorry, 3 ton, GS Bedford half-track (Bedford-Bren - prototype only).
Following the fall of Singapore rubber was scarce and so at the request of the Ministry of Supply a Bedford QL was adapted using a Carden Lloyd suspension taken from a Bren Gun Carrier.
While the Bedford-Bren was capable of impressive feats of tractive power (which could have been easily produced in its own right as a prime mover) British authorities, unlike the Americans and Germans, did not favour the half-track.
The shortage of rubber was not as severe as anticipated and official interest in the project waned.
Not only did this British parallel to the German Maultier not go into production, the single prototype was converted back into an all-wheel vehicle.
Lorry, 3 ton, 4 x 4, Bedford, experimental (Bedford Giraffe - prototype only).
An attempt to make a motor vehicle capable of deep wading for river crossings and amphibious landing, the Bedford Giraffe was developed as insurance against the shallow wading kits under development not proving effective in deeper water.
As a 'plan B' Vauxhall adapted a Bedford GL by mounting its engine, cab and gearbox on an elevated girder frame some seven feet high, with a chain drive transmitting power to the propshaft.
Forest school is an outdoor education delivery model in which students visit natural spaces to learn personal, social and technical skills.
It has been defined as "an inspirational process that offers children, young people and adults regular opportunities to achieve and develop confidence through hands-on learning in a woodland environment".
Forest school is both a pedagogy and a physical entity, with the use often being interchanged.
The plural "schools" is often used when referring to a number of groups or sessions.
Forest school uses the woods and forests as a means to build independence and self-esteem in children and young adults.
Topics are cross-curriculum (broad in subject) including the natural environment, for example the role of trees in society, the complex ecosystem supported by a wilderness, and recognition of specific plants and animals.
However, the personal skills are considered highly valuable, such as teamwork and problem solving.
The woodland environment may be used to learn about more abstract concepts such as mathematics and communication.
Forest school provision is also called "nature schools".
Activities and scope.
In the UK Model schedules within forest schools vary, but one approach is to take students to woodlands once a week, with an initial six-week observation and assessment period, where a baseline is produced for each child in terms of areas of their holistic development, with particular emphasis on their social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL).
Visits should ideally continue throughout the year, allowing children to experience all weathers and the changing seasons.
Forest schools are for all students, of any age, often "led by the learner's interests" (learner-initiated learning) by comparison to other outdoor education which "starts with an issue agenda or problem for the learner to investigate".
The main goals of forest school in primary age children includes encouraging curiosity and exploration with all of the senses, empowering children in the natural environment, and encouraging spatial awareness and motor development.
Forest schools usually provide a higher adult to child ratio than some learning styles, in order to ensure children are supported sufficiently in a higher risk environment.
Beyond primary-school-age children, forest school is frequently used to further develop social skills and explore creative learning and focuses on developing firm foundations for continued personal and education development.
Consistent with attention restoration theory, children taking part in forest school have been described as more relaxed.
Relationships between the children and each other, with adults, and with the environment, are important.
Incorporating simple meditation practises, such as sit spots, helps children develop mindfulness in the natural setting.
Forest school is part of the broader area of outdoor education.
Outside the school curriculum, this extends to summer holiday camps, Scouting, Outward Bound projects and many other activities.
Before children reach school age, forest kindergartens provide a similar service.
Forest school is currently taking place in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, USA, Malaysia, Switzerland, Spain, Israel, Ireland, Germany and United Kingdom.
Supporting exceptional children.
The combination of freedom and responsibility has been particularly beneficial to children who lack confidence or whose behaviour is challenging.
With high adult to child ratios, children can safely experience activities that are often prohibited, such as climbing trees or lighting fires.
Children have the freedom to explore the area within the forest, this helps the child to learn to manage their own safety and move around comfortably.
The programme allows children to grow in confidence and independence and extend their abilities.
Some children do not perform well in classrooms.
They are encouraged to develop their innate curiosity and develop the motivation to learn.
They may come from a non-academic family background, may have a short attention span, or may just not be comfortable with the organisation of a teacher standing in front of a group of pupils.
Boys in general, prefer to be outside, and learn better in this way.
In a major study in the US, students with behavioural problems in "Environment as an Integrating Context for Learning" (EIC) programmes caused fewer discipline problems than their traditionally educated peers.
Similarly, Forest schools have been found to help children with additional support needs, including Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic children.
History.
Sweden and Denmark.
In the 1950s the idea was created in Denmark and shortly thereafter in Sweden.
Children attending Forest kindergartens were in most cases arriving at school with strong social skills, the ability to work in groups effectively, high self-esteem, and confidence in their own capabilities.
In 1957, a Swedish man, Goesta Frohm, created the "Skogsmulle" concept to promote learning about nature, water, mountains and pollution.
With an increasing focus on measurable outcomes, forest schools have gained acceptance as an educational method in their own right.
In Denmark, nature schools as well as forest kindergartens are popular with both school teachers and children.
The biophilia hypothesis argues that a love of nature is instinctive.
The term nature deficit disorder, coined by Richard Louv in his 2005 book "Last Child in the Woods", recognises the erosion of this by the urbanisation of human society.
Attention restoration theory and related psychological work has proven health benefits in reduced stress, improved concentration and improved medical outcomes from surgery.
Scandinavian countries, rich in woodland, have maintained the human link more closely.
Forest schools practice is based on up-to date pedagogy and andragogy.
United Kingdom.
This ethos was introduced to the UK during the 1990s from Denmark.
The growth of forest school has been unprecedented throughout the UK developing into a separate and distinct model called the UK Model.
By 2006, there were approximately 140 forest schools in Britain.
The governmental agencies have in some cases been set targets for the use of their resources for education or health benefits, or are focused on the educational outcomes and see forestry as a step towards them.
Many businesses and non-profit organizations facilitate forest school long term programmes.
In Wales, training and strategic oversight is provided by Forest Schools Wales and government agencies such as the Forestry Commission who have supported research and the development of practical experience for forest school practitioners.
In England, support has been provided by the Forest Education Network (which has replaced the Forest Education Initiative) to those initiating forest school provision.
Such provision is provided within schools using their own trained staff or by external independent forest school providers.
Many organisations now offer training courses designed for the UK to enable practitioners to deliver forest school in their own settings and ensure children and teachers work within rich natural experiences.
The OCN Level 3 training course is most widely recognised within the UK.
Developing from the Institute of Outdoor Learning's (IOL) Forest School Special Interest Group, in June 2012 The Forest School Association was established as an independent UK body.
Canada.
Inspired by international developments, the first Canadian forest school was created by Marlene Power in 2007.
It was named Carp Ridge Preschool and was located near Ottawa.
In 2012, Power founded and became the executive director of Forest School Canada, an educational initiative of the Child and Nature Alliance of Canada.
Forest School Canada is focused on being a "network for support, education, and accreditation for concepts associated with the FS movement in Canada."
The movement has spread into Canada's provinces and is primary associated with private schools.
However, there is emerging support from public schools such as the Nature Kindergarten pilot which is a partnership between the Sooke District School Board and the University of Victoria's Centre for Early Childhood Research and Policy, Royal Roads University, and Camosun College's Early Learning and Care Program.
Terminology.
Attempts have been made to copyright and trademark generic terms related to forest school.
San Gemini borders the municipalities of Montecastrilli, Narni and Terni.
The town is a well-preserved medieval burgh with two lines of walls, built over the remains of a small Roman center along the old Via Flaminia.
The Yemisi Shyllon Museum of Art is a contemporary art museum in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos State, Nigeria.
History.
The idea with the creation of the museum was by the Yoruba prince of Abeokuta, Yemisi Shyllon, who collected 55,000 photographs and 7,000 artworks, Shyllon's collection contains works by Nigerian artists, but also contains works of art by artists from other African countries such as Ghana, Senegal, South Africa, Cameroon and Togo.
The museum was designed by Spanish-Nigerian architect Jesse Castellote, which contains about 1,2000 artworks that were mainly donated by Shyllon.
The museum's first two exhibits were about Nigerian art.
This is Nigeria's first privately funded university museum.
In September 2014, Yemisi Shyllon presented the idea for the creation of the museum at Pan-Atlantic University.
In June 2015, Yemisi Shyllon made several donations for the construction of the museum.
Construction of the museum began in 2018.
The museum was inaugurated in October 2019.
In November 2020, the museum won the Apollo Award for Opening of the Year Award.
In May 2021, the museum will join the MuseumFutures Africa project, a project aimed at developing museums on the African continent.
In collaboration with Google, 150 artifacts from the museum were digitized, plus a virtual tour was added with an adapted version of Google Street View.
Collections.
The museum contains works of art from different West African artists such as El Anatsui, Uche Okeke and Bruce Onobrakpeya.
The museum contains a collection of historical sculptures.
The museum contains artwork dating from the pre-colonial period to the present.
The museum contains Nok terracotta found in Igbo-Ukwu and North Central Nigeria, plus exhibits on Ife art and Benin art.
The museum contains traditional African wooden sculptures by Yoruba artist Lamidi Olonade Fakeye.
In addition, the museum contains artworks by artists Ben Enwonwu, Peju Alatise, Victor Ehikhamenor, Akinola Lasekan and Aina Onabolu.
The museum contains a bronze sculpture of an Ife head.
The museum contains photographs of different cultural festivals in Nigeria, most of these photographs were produced by Ariyo Oguntimehin.
In addition, the museum has sculptures by Isiaka Osunde, Oladapo Afolayan, Adeola Balogun and Okpu Eze.
The museum also has a collection of wood carvings.
The museum contains a collection of Afikpo masks, which are traditional masks made of wood used by the Afikpo people, an ethnic group of Ebonyi State.
In August 2021, the museum presented an exhibition called "The Invincible Hands", which is intended to celebrate the artistic contributions of Nigerian women artists, featuring artworks by Nmadinachi Egwim, Ayobola Kekere-Ekun, Damilola Tejuoso, Winifred Ukpong, Chidinma Nnoli, Fati Abubakar, Joy Labinjo, Abigail Nnaji, Lucy Azubuike, Taiye Idahor and Olawunmi Banjo.
The museum contains a section dedicated to members of the Oshogbo School of Art, featuring works by Muraino Oyelami, Susanne Wenger, Rufus Ogundele and Nike Davies-Okundaye.
The museum also contains Ifa Divination Trays.
Big Blue Bubble, Inc. is a Canadian video game company headquartered in London, Ontario founded in 2004 by industry veteran Damir Slogar, Renata Slogar, and Claudette Critchley.
The company has developed over one hundred games and gained international recognition with its game My Singing Monsters which has been downloaded over 100 million times.
Swedish company Enad Global 7 acquired Big Blue Bubble on August 27, 2020.
History.
Founded in 2004 by industry veteran Damir Slogar, along with co-founders Renata Slogar, Claudette Critchley.
In the early days of its history, Big Blue Bubble made a name for itself by specializing in casual and mobile games.
Its first game, "Bubble Trouble", was used in marketing campaigns by Nokia and it was followed by space thriller "Captain Lunar", which was used as a launch title for the Sony Ericsson T610.
Soon after, Big Blue Bubble began adapting film and television franchises, such as 24 for handheld devices.
In the mid to late 2000s, the company started moving towards console development, to include the Wii and PlayStation 2 platforms.
In the early 2010s, Big Blue Bubble returned to its roots in mobile gaming and the 'freemium' business model.
This return to mobile resulted in a shifting focus on original intellectual properties such as "Burn the Rope", "Thumpies", and most notably "My Singing Monsters".
Released on September 4, 2012, for Apple iOS, "My Singing Monsters" was both a critical and commercial success soon after its release, with Kotaku describing the game as a "clever combination of music and monster breeding", praising how the complexity of a song can become developed by the utility of breeding Monsters, each monster revealing a new line to the song.
Through continued support, the game has grown into a multimedia franchise, with a prequel, several spin-off games, books, live events, and series, and a board game.
After years in the mobile game space, Big Blue Bubble made the decision to return to console games with the development of the action-platformer, "Foregone", a retro-pixel side-scrolling adventure that released on the Epic Games Store February 27, 2020 and Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and PlayStation 4 on October 13, 2020.
The game was subsequently released on November 9, 2021.
Al-Hajjaj considered appointing him lieutenant governor of Khurasan, but was dissuaded by Caliph Abd al-Malik and ultimately selected Qutayba ibn Muslim.
Conquest of Oman.
Unlike the rest of the caliphate, the region of Oman remained outside of direct Umayyad rule.
The region had been autonomously ruled by the Azdite dynasty of the Julandids.
Al-Hajjaj's initial attempts were repulsed and a large expeditionary force was dispatched under Mujja'a's brother al-Qasim.
The latter was slain and his army routed, prompting al-Hajjaj to appoint Mujja'a in his place.
Mujja'a was equipped with a 40,000-strong army consisting of troops from the Mudar and Azd tribal factions of Basra garrison.
Half the army attacked by land, while Mujjaa led the other half by sea.
The land army was defeated by Sulayman ibn Abbad ibn Julanda, while Mujja'a engaged Sulaymans brother Said at Samalil.
Said and Sulayman withdrew into Jabal al-Amhara where they alluded Mujja'a's troops.
They later ambushed Mujja'a's ships docked off the coast near Muscat and defeated Mujja'a in battle.
Al-Hajjaj sent 5,000 reinforcements under Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman.
Namma Veettu Lakshmi () is a 1966 Indian Tamil-language drama film produced and directed by B. R. Panthulu.
It is a remake of his own Kannada film "Dudde Doddappa", released in the same year.
Panthulu also stars as the male lead, alongside M. V. Rajamma, A. V. M. Rajan, R. Muthuraman and Nagesh.
The film was released on released on 5 August 1966 and became a commercial success.
Plot.
An ordinary man becomes wealthy in a rags to riches manner through hard work.
He lives with his wife Saradamma, two sons and a daughter, who are the opposite of him without the same work ethics.
Saradamma is obsessed with a pompous lifestyle.
The first son, a graduate, sees himself smarter than his father and disobeys him, while spending lavishly and living leisurely.
The second son Raju does not care about anything except acting.
One day, the patriarch tells his family that he has lost all his wealth, much to their horror.
They are forced to shift to a village, where the patriarch and Saradamma run a small business to eke out a living.
Their children finally realise the value of their father's teachings.
The patriarch eventually reveals that their wealth is safe and that he played this game just to teach them the values of life.
Production.
After the success of the Kannada film "Dudde Doddappa" (1966), its producer-director and male lead B. R. Panthulu of Padmini Pictures decided to remake it in Tamil under the title "Namma Veettu Lakshmi".
Panthulu returned to his positions in the remake, as did M. V. Rajamma, the female lead of the original and Bharati, who played the daughter of the couple.
Cinematography was handled by V. Ramamurthy, and editing by R. Devarajan.
Ma Ra, the writer of the Kannada original, also wrote for the remake.
The final length of the film was .
Soundtrack.
The soundtrack was composed by M. S. Viswanathan, and the lyrics were written by Kannadasan.
Release.
Mikko Alikoski (born July 28, 1986) is a Finnish ice hockey player.
Rudolf Amann (born 3 June 1961) is a German microbiologist and director at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPIMM) in Bremen, and since 2001 Professor of Microbial Ecology at the University of Bremen.
Scientific career.
Between 1980 and 1986 Amann studied biology and chemistry at the Technical University of Munich (TU Munich), Germany, after which he was a PhD student at the local Department of Microbiology until 1988.
In 1988 he received his doctorate from Professor Karl-Heinz Schleifer on the topic "The beta subunit of ATP synthase as a phylogenetic marker in the eubacteria".
After a postdoctoral stay at the departments for Veterinary Pathobiology and Microbiology at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, USA, in 1990 he joined Professor David A. Stahl as assistant professor at the Department of Microbiology at the Technical University of Munich, Germany.
In 1995, Amann habilitated at the Technical University of Munich about the identification of previously non-cultivable microorganisms.
Since then he has been doing research at the interface between ecology and taxonomy.
From 1997 to 2001, Amann was head of a Max Planck Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Germany.
In 2001, he became a Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and Director at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
Since then, he has headed the Department of Molecular Ecology.
In the same year (2001), he was appointed Professor of Microbial Ecology at the University of Bremen, Germany.
Since 2002 he is also spokesman for the International Max Planck Research School of Marine Microbiology.
From 2014 to 2017 he was chairman of the Biological-Medical Section of the Max Planck Society.
Amann is a member of several professional societies, including the Association for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM), the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), the International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME) and the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM).
In 2007 he became a member of the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
He is co-editor of the journal "Systematic and Applied Microbiology".
Research interests.
Amann researches the diversity and ecology of microorganisms in marine habitats.
He developed molecular techniques to identify and quantify bacteria and archaea.
His methods, using nucleic acid probes, have contributed to the discovery of new, previously uncultivated species of microorganisms.
His research focuses on the role of microorganisms in global biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon cycle.
Amann researches both bacteria and archaea in marine sediments and in the water column.
A current focus of his work is on the interaction of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, which are often controlled by algal polysaccharides as energy sources for heterotrophic bacteria.
This method identifies microorganisms based on the sequence of their ribosomal RNA.
Specially stained nucleic acid probes bind only to bacteria with a specific RNA.
These bacteria can then be identified and counted under the microscope.
As a researcher in the field of biodiversity, Rudolf Amann is also committed to an integrative taxonomy that builds a bridge to other disciplines.
The University of London Institute of Computer Science (ICS) was an Institute based in London in England.
The institute was founded by the University of London to support and provide academic research, postgraduate teaching, computer services and network services.
It was founded as the University of London Computer Unit at some point in the 1950s, changed its name to the Institute of Computer Science in the 1960s, and dissolved in 1974.
History.
The exact date of foundation remains to be established, but the Institute appears to have already existed by the 1950s.
Richard Buckingham was Director, first of the Computer Unit and later of the Institute of Computer Science, from 1957 to 1973.
The name of Institute had been given by 1962, when John Buxton became one of its lecturers.
It was dissolved in 1974 and its Director moved to Birkbeck College.
The Master of Science (MSc) in Computer Science of the institute was one of the first courses in the subject.
Barnett also ran informal courses, at the Institute and at the London College of Printing, to explain computer typesetting to officials of the trade unions concerned with the printing industry.
A number of distinguished software and hardware engineers and scientists taught and supervised the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees awarded by the institute (see Staff above).
Nick Fiddian, Professor and Head of Department of Computer Science, Cardiff University, and Gautam Mitra, OptiRisk Systems Ltd, Professor of Computational Optimisation, Brunel University.
Computer Services.
The Institute provided early mainframe computer services on an Atlas computer, as the University of London Atlas Computing Service.
The Atlas Computer (Manchester) was an early transistor machine and only three ever existed.
A number of pioneering programmes were developed on the ICS Atlas including the CPL1 Compiler, A General Fourier Synthesis Program, A Computer Technique for Optimizing the Sites and Heights of Transmission Line Towers and even an early work in computing for English Change Ringing.
All of these are described in papers under Research above.
Networking.
The Institute provided batch and interactive communications.
Pulaski Heights is a section of the city of Little Rock, Arkansas, located in the north-central portion of the city.
The area comprises two distinct neighborhoods representing an historic suburb dating from the 1890s that was among the first areas to be annexed into Little Rock.
Incorporated in 1905 and annexed to Little Rock in 1916, Pulaski Heights today remains among the more independent-minded areas of the city, with a strong sense of community in both its northern, upper-elevation portion (The Heights) and its southern, lower-elevation portion (Hillcrest).
The tree-lined boulevard passes by a number of shops and boutiques unique to Little Rock, as well as such historic buildings and locations as the former Pulaski Heights Town Hall, the former Pulaski Heights Assembly Hall, Mount St. Mary Academy, and the original headquarters site of the Allied Telephone Company (the earliest incarnation of Alltel and Alltel's later spinoff, Windstream Communications).
Neighborhoods.
The Heights.
"The Heights" is the northernmost section of Pulaski Heights and has been long considered to be one of the most affluent neighborhoods in Little Rock, as it is home to many established, old-monied patrician families.
Many large, majestic homes line the streets of The Heights, especially in its historic Edge Hill and Prospect Terrace additions, which were primarily first developed in the 1920s.
The neighborhood has been home to the exclusive Country Club of Little Rock since the club's founding in 1902, and its commercial areas offer a number of fashionable shopping and dining destinations.
Administrative offices for the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra and Roman Catholic Diocese of Little Rock are located at St. John's Center on N. Tyler Street.
A variety of architectural styles can be found in The Heights representing the decades from its earliest settlement to the present day.
One early attraction of The Heights was Forest Park, developed in 1904 soon after the Little Rock Traction and Electric Company introduced streetcar service into Pulaski Heights in 1903.
The main entrance into the park was situated approximately where N. Pierce Street crosses Kavanaugh Boulevard today.
Also located on the grounds was a streetcar barn.
A white-stucco auditorium, designed in the early Mission architectural style, could seat up to 1,500 persons.
Probably the largest entertainment ever held at Forest Park was one of several "last" dramatic performances by the famous actress Sarah Bernhardt, which reportedly drew a crowd of some 3,000 attendees.
Undoubtedly, the most spectacular entertainment offered at the park were the Sunday ascensions of an acrobatic balloonist who performed from a parachute-supported trapeze.
In 1939, the park was closed and its land sold, although its name is preserved today by the neighborhood Forest Park Elementary School and the Forest Park Station of the United States Postal Service.
It also lives on in the fond memories of many older residents.
After the park's closure, its land was subdivided and platted, and the area was rechristened as "Forest Heights."
(The not too distant eponymous Forest Heights Middle School brandishes the newer name.)
A large number of Brayle-type homes can still be found today in Cammack Village, a small separately incorporated enclave that immediately borders The Heights to its west.
While there have been discussions about instituting a Heights Municipal Historic Preservation District to limit the number of demolitions in Forest Heights, no such district has yet been created.
Hillcrest.
"Hillcrest" is the southernmost section of Pulaski Heights.
It also encompasses the oldest and most historic portions of Pulaski Heights.
In 1891 a group of investors primarily from Michigan, led by Henry F. Auten and Edgar E. Moss, incorporated the Pulaski Heights Land Company.
Sale of residential lots by the company and subsequent construction of homes began here in the 1890s, and on some blocks examples of the early Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architectural styles can still be found.
Most typically, many blocks in Hillcrest contain an eclectic and pleasing mix of various early twentieth-century architectural styles, with larger homes and charming cottages and bungalows interspersed together.
In order to encourage preservation of Hillcrest's unique historic character and heritage, the Hillcrest National Historic District was established in 1990, with its borders soon being expanded in 1992.
After expansion, the national historic district now consists of circa 707 acres of land, bounded by Markham Street and Lee Avenue on the south, N. Lookout Road and Evergreen Drive on the north, N. Woodrow Street on the east, and N. Harrison Street on the west.
Moreover, also to help secure the neighborhood's attractiveness, the City of Little Rock has established a Hillcrest Municipal Design Overlay District, which specifies height and set-back requirements for new structures and renovation of existing structures.
The streetcars, over time, aided in the growth of Pulaski Heights and made possible its linking to Little Rock.
Uniting the two municipal entities increasingly seemed to make sense and was finally achieved when the citizens of Pulaski Heights voted to merge into the City of Little Rock on January 4, 1916, in part to obtain better fire protection.
Although no longer a separately incorporated municipality, residents of Pulaski Heights, including both The Heights and Hillcrest, have retained a strong sense of separate identity.
This is a list of members of the fifth Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature, as elected in the election of 7 May 2014.
The African National Congress (ANC) retained a comfortable majority of 24 seats in the legislature but, for the first time since the legislature was established in 1994, its majority was diminished from the previous legislative session.
The Democratic Alliance remained the largest opposition party in the legislature with three seats.
Members were sworn in to their seats during the legislature's first sitting on 21 May 2014.
He announced a reconfigured Executive Council after his inauguration on 29 May.
Thandi Shongwe was elected as Speaker of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature and David Dube was re-elected as Deputy Speaker.
On the evening of 26 February 2018, recently elected President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that Mabuza would be appointed as Deputy President of South Africa.
Mabuza resigned from the provincial legislature the following day.
Refilwe Mtsweni was acting Premier until 20 March 2018, when she was elected to fill the office permanently.
Members.
This is a list of members of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature as elected on 7 May 2014.
Description.
The interface specifications for the TNC and many other connectors are referenced in MIL-STD-348.
It has better performance than the BNC connector at microwave frequencies.
Invented in the late 1950s and named after Paul Neill of Bell Labs and Carl Concelman of Amphenol, the TNC connector has been employed in a wide range of radio and wired applications.
Variations.
Reverse-polarity TNC.
Reverse-polarity TNC (RP-TNC, sometimes RTNC) is a variation of the TNC specification which reverses the polarity of the interface.
This is usually achieved by incorporating the female contacts normally found in jacks into the plug, and the male contacts normally found in plugs into the jack.
Because they were not readily available, RP-TNC connectors have been widely used by Wi-Fi equipment manufacturers to comply with specific local regulations, such as those from the FCC, which are designed to prevent consumers from connecting antennas which exhibit gain and therefore breach compliance.
As of 2013, leading manufacturers are still using RP-TNC connectors on their Wi-Fi equipment.
Plug on the female connector and receptacle on the male when dealing with RP-TNC.
TNCA.
The TNCA connector is a variant of the TNC connector specified in MIL-STD-348 designed to provide an air gap in the dielectric region between the male and female connectors.
The socket version of the TNCA connector is nearly identically to the standard TNC connector, while the pin contact version provides the air cavity differentiating it from a standard TNC connector, as such TNCA connectors are mechanically compatible and matable with standard conjugate TNC connectors. 75 ohm TNC.
These can be recognized by a reduced amount of dielectric in the mating ends.
Thuwan Raheem (born 11 September 1979) is a Sri Lankan footballer who plays as a defender for Air Force Colombo and the Sri Lankan national team.
Crematogaster cephalotes is a species of ant in tribe Crematogastrini.
SS "Oceanic was a cruise ship built in 1963 by Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico, Monfalcone, Italy for Home Lines.
Between 1985 and 2000, she sailed for Premier Cruise Line under the names Starship Oceanic and Big Red Boat I", before being sold to Pullmantur Cruises and reverting to her original name.
In 2009 was sold to a new owner-operator, Peace Boat, which kept her until 2012.
She was broken up in China later that year.
Concept and construction.
"Oceanic" was the first newbuilt ship ordered by Home Lines.
She was ordered from the Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico shipyard at Monfalcone, Italy.
She was designed as a combined two-class ocean liner and one-class cruise ship, running line voyages from Cuxhaven, Southampton, and Le Havre to Canada during the northern hemisphere summer and cruising during the winter.
According to William H. Miller's book, "Greek Passenger Liners", the main designer behind the ship was in fact Home Lines' executive vice president, Charalambos Keusseuglou, who drew up the plans together with Mr. Costanzi, who had designed the and of Lloyd Triestino.
The ship included many forward-looking features that are still included in present-day cruise ships, such as a magrodome covering the pool area, and life-boats located not on the top of the ship, but on separate lifeboat bays, lower on the hull.
"Oceanic" was launched from drydock on 15 January 1963.
She was originally to be launched a week before, but due to unusually cold weather in Italy, the launch had to be delayed.
Her fitting out took over two years, until the ship was finally delivered to Home Lines in March 1965.
By this time, the company had decided to abandon transatlantic service due to falling passenger numbers and the establishment of the associated Hamburg Atlantic Line.
Home Lines (incorrectly) marketed her as "the largest ship ever designed for year-round cruises".
In their marketing material, Home Lines also used British tonnage measurement for the ship (giving her tonnage as ), even though she was registered in Panama, and by Panamanian measurements she was only .
Service history.
"Oceanic" was delivered to Home Lines in March 1965.
On 31 March, she left on a transatlantic crossing with fare-paying passengers (only 200 of them) from Genoa to New York City.
She made a short series of transatlantic crossings, following which she entered cruise service from New York to the Bahamas on 24 April 1965, operating in tandem with the company's older .
During summers, "Oceanic" ran seven-day cruises from New York to the Bahamas with longer cruises to the Caribbean during the winter.
In 1982, Home Lines took delivery of the new , which supplanted the "Oceanic" as the company flagship.
Another new ship, , was slated for delivery in 1986.
In preparation for this, "Oceanic" was sold to Premier Cruise Line in 1985.
Following sale to Premier Cruise Line, "Oceanic" was renamed the "StarShip Oceanic" and initially placed on three- and four-day cruises from Port Canaveral to Nassau and Salt Cay in the Bahamas.
This cruise could be combined with a stay at Walt Disney World.
Later, during her career with Premier Cruises, she was often marketed as "The Big Red Boat", and in 2000, she was renamed "Big Red Boat I".
However, Premier Cruise Line went bankrupt in September 2000.
The "Oceanic" was detained by port authorities at Freeport, Bahamas, laid up and placed for sale.
On 30 December 2000, the "Big Red Boat I" was acquired by the newly founded, Spain-based Pullmantur Cruises.
She reverted to the name "Oceanic" and sailed to Cadiz, Spain for refurbishment.
Following completion of her refurbishment, the ship entered service on cruises from Barcelona in May 2001.
During her career with Pullmantur, "Oceanic" was gradually rebuilt by removing flammable materials so that the ship would be better in keeping with the new SOLAS regulations coming into effect in 2010.
"Oceanic" was reportedly due to be withdrawn from service with Pullmantur in September 2009.
In March 2009, the ship was sold to the Japan-based Peace Boat, with delivery date already in April 2009.
"Oceanic" entered service with Peace Boat on 23 April 2009, departing Yokohama on an around-the-world cruise that was due to conclude in Yokohama on 6 August 2009.
"Oceanic"s circumnavigation was Peace Boat's 66th "Global Voyage for Peace", and the first to feature extensive visits to various ports in Scandinavia, with a goal of learning about the northern European welfare and education systems.
Sometime during the week between 3 and 9 May 2010, the Oceanic came under attack by pirates while off the coast of Yemen.
The ship was attacked by grenades, but managed to avoid being boarded by adopting zig-zag manoeuvres and blasting the pirates with high-pressure water hoses.
Reportedly the pirates were subsequently apprehended by NATO forces.
On Friday 5 May 2012, the "Oceanic" sailed to Yokohama on its last cruise for Peace Boat.
The vessel returned to Pullmantur Cruises in exchange for the "Ocean Dream", which became the new Peace Boat vessel.
Nicholas John "Nick" Celebrezze (born November 22, 1977) is an Ohio Politician and lawyer.
He has served in local government and was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing the 15th District from his appointment in 2012 until 2019.
He is a member of Cleveland's famed Celebrezze family, which is known for being an area political dynasty.
Life and career.
Celebrezze was born in Parma, Ohio on November 22, 1977 to Daria and James Celebrezze.
His mother was a schoolteacher and his father was a judge and former politician.
Celebrezze completed his undergraduate career at the University of Akron.
He began practicing law in 2004 and owns his own firm in Parma.
He served on Parma's Charter Commission in 2003.
He later served as a councilmember for Ward 3 in Parma.
Ohio House of Representatives.
In 2012, Celebrezze announced that he would seek to succeed Timothy J. DeGeeter in the Ohio House of Representatives.
DeGeeter, would be leaving his post to seek the position of Mayor of Parma, Ohio.
After winning, he resigned from his House seat, and House Democrats subsequently appointed Celebrezze to the seat.
He was seated on January 16, 2012.
He is on the Local Government and Transportation, Public Safety, and Homeland Security committees.
The Diana Fountain in Bushy Park, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England, is a seventeenth-century statue ensemble and water feature in an eighteenth-century setting with a surrounding pool and mile long tree lined vistas which honors the Roman Goddess Diana.
Originally created for Somerset House in the 1630s, and remodelled about 1690, the fountain has stood since 1713 in Bushy Park, and now forms a large traffic island in Chestnut Avenue.
It is the focal point of two major vistas designed by Sir Christopher Wren, including Chestnut Avenue which is the ceremonial landward approach to Hampton Court Palace.
The traffic island is circular and contains a diameter pool surrounded by lawns, with the Diana statue on a tall base in the middle of the pool.
The fountain was listed as Grade II in 1952 and in 2011 reclassified as Grade I.
History.
The bronze sculptures were originally commissioned by Charles I for Queen Henrietta Maria's garden at Somerset House in central London.
The original design for the fountain was apparently by Inigo Jones, whose sketch drawing survives at Chatsworth House, showing figures recognisably the same as those in place today, but in a different arrangement and in a different stonework setting.
The Somerset House base was lower, and the surrounding pool much smaller, enabling a much closer view of the figures than is possible today.
The central figure is naked in the drawing, and parts of the design are closely copied from engravings of earlier fountains in Bologna and Augsburg.
The execution of the gilt statue which forms the pinnacle of the tableaux has been attributed to Hubert Le Sueur, and related to payments to him from the king.
In the original arrangement, recorded in a drawing of perhaps the 1670s, the figures of the boys, now on the corners, were higher up, at a level between the central female figure above and the sea-monsters carrying women below, and the scallop shells were on the corners, level with the breasts of the four female figures, catching water spouting from the fish held by the boys.
It is in an inventory of 1659 that the central figure is first called "Arethusa".
After 1689 William III and Mary II commissioned Sir Christopher Wren to rebuild and expand much of Hampton Court Palace, and this eventually included the creation of Chestnut Avenue with its centrepiece the Diana Fountain as the grand approach to the Palace crossing Bushy Park.
Wren, supervising William Talman, completed this part of the project in 1713 during the reign of Queen Anne.
The top, scrolled part of the current base, and so the current rearrangement of the figures, is by Edward Pierce, in about 1690, when the sculptures were still in the privy garden, although the fountain was removed from there and put in storage in 1701.
The lower rusticated part, "disproportionately tall", was erected for the new site in Bushy Park, and the central figure was gilded, apparently for the first time, for its re-erection.
The female figure on top of the fountain "has over her long life been known as Diana, Arethusa, Venus and even Proserpina", and recently "some younger visitors" take her for Diana, Princess of Wales.
The official view is now firmly that she represents Arethusa, although the fountain continues to be known as the "Diana Fountain", and dissident views are still held by some parties.
During World War II the pool was drained and part of Chestnut Avenue was used for Camp Griffiss, the first headquarters of SHAEF and the base where D-Day was planned.
The base closed in the 1950s and Chestnut Avenue was subsequently restored.
The complex was renovated in 2010 and the main statue was re-gilded.
Vistas.
The Diana Fountain is at the junction of two long straight tree lined avenues, Lime Avenue and Chestnut Avenue which cross at right angles.
The Junction is off centre to both Avenues.
Chestnut Avenue crosses Bushy Park from Teddington to Hampton Court Palace and contains a road with wide lawns on both sides.
There are multiple rows of horse chestnut trees on both sides of Chestnut Avenue.
Chestnut Avenue was created as the ceremonial approach to Hampton Court Palace and to this day still contains a road across the Park, though for the sake of the deer, motor vehicles are only allowed on it during daylight hours.
It was part of the route for the men's road race cycling event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
The 1884 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 16 May 1884 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of .
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Isaac Wilson on 7 April 1884.
Leonardo Rojas (born 9 October 1961) is a Peruvian footballer.
Yefremkovskaya () is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Pakshengskoye Rural Settlement of Velsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.
The population was 281 as of 2014.
There are 5 streets.
Geography.
Yefremkovskaya is located 38 km north of Velsk (the district's administrative centre) by road.
Georgia Emery (1867-1931) was an American businesswoman, known as the "Dean of American Business Women".
Biography.
Emery was born in 1867.
She grew up in Galien, Michigan, where she would earn her first job, as a Latin teacher.
She would later find employ in Benton Harbor, Michigan, working for the Benton Harbor Area Schools and would become the principal of a school in that district.
Her first business venture was into selling postcards, largely penny post cards to children.
In 1902, she ventured into the life insurance industry, selling life insurance to women.
Two years later, she was the Women's Department Massachusetts Life Insurance Company's first director.
In 1919, she worked on a survey of working women run by the YMCA, and proposed by the United States Secretary of War.
The survey led to National Federation of Business and Professional Women being established.
Emery was heavily involved with the group, spearheading the effort to buy a headquarters.
Alexandru Constantin Stan (born 7 February 1989) is a Romanian footballer who plays as a left back for CS Tunari.
Honours.
Club.
Knoll Lake is part of the Blue Ridge Ranger District of the Coconino National Forest.
It gets its name from a rocky island located in the middle of the lake.
Knoll Lake is located in Leonard Canyon, Arizona, along the Mogollon Rim.
This lake is located at elevation and is closed to visitors in the winter months.
Bald eagles may be seen during the winter months if the roads are open late into the season.
Dominique Lebrun (born 9 September 1950) is a French artist, journalist and historian of American cinema.
Biography.
Lebrun started his movie posters collection when he was 10, reclaiming them from local theaters.
He then became a cinema historian and journalist.
"Paris Hollywood," his first film book, was published in 1987.
It is a tribute to all the French actors, directors, technicians and writers who contributed to the history of American cinema.
To write this book, Lebrun gathered photos and interviews in both Paris and Los Angeles, over a span of ten years.
In 1992, "Trans Europe Hollywood" was published.
In his second film book, he explores the contribution of Europeans to American Cinema.
In 1996, he wrote "Hollywood", a history of Hollywood studios from 1914 to 1969, published both in French and English.
He also performed in several short films including "Cough Therapy" and "Antoine" directed by Jean-Philippe Laraque.
He then decided to continue exploring this path, turning this time to his collection of movie posters.
In 2011, his first exhibition took place at Flora Jansen Gallery in Paris, on Matignon avenue.
Since then, his work has been shown in exhibitions in Paris, Saint-Tropez and Bruxelles.
In 2018, he made his U.S. debut in Los Angeles.
Style, technique, and reception.
Lebrun uses intact original film posters from his own collection.
He tears them up, then pastes the pieces on canvas.
Rudgwick railway station was on the Cranleigh Line.
It served the village of Rudgwick in West Sussex until June, 1965.
History.
Rudgwick station opened in November 1865, one month after the rest of the stations on the line, due to objections made by the Board of Trade's Colonel Yolland following the obligatory inspection of the line on 2 May in that year.
Yolland objected to the station being on a 1 in 80 gradient, which he considered dangerously steep as it might, in his opinion, result in trains calling at the station running away back down the slope.
(In 1865 continuous brakes for railway trains did not yet exist.)
He refused to authorise the opening of the station to traffic until the incline had been reduced to a 1 in 130.
The works required were complex as the embankment leading into the station included a partly built bridge carrying the line over the River Arun, which had to be raised by .
The solution was to raise the partly built embankments, leaving the brick arch which was under construction as a flying buttress to a new plate girder bridge which the LBSCR now set about building.
The result of these works was a "bridge over a bridge".
The line at the station was single track.
The station had a single platform with a shelter and a small goods yard centred on a wagon turntable.
At the southern end of the station was a road bridge (now Church Street B2128) leading to the nearby Marlet Hotel.
The line was closed in 1965 following "The Reshaping of British Railways" report of 1963, and afterwards the station was demolished leaving the trackbed and bridge in situ.
In the 1980s the trackbed was made part of the Downs Link, a footpath linking the North Downs and South Downs National Trails.
A few years ago the local authority installed a viewing platform near the "bridge over a bridge" to allow the public to inspect this unusual structure more closely.
Kessel Food Markets was an American supermarket chain based in Michigan.
It began in 1981 when Owosso, Michigan, native Al Kessel, a former executive vice president of Hamady Brothers supermarkets, purchased Kroger locations in Corunna and Saginaw.
Kroger closed these stores due to Michigan's poor economy at the time, and failure to reach union agreements.
After Kroger closed all five of its Flint locations in 1982 for the same reasons, Kessel purchased them as well, followed by 13 Hamady stores after that chain filed for bankruptcy in 1991.
At its peak, Kessel Food Markets comprised 24 stores.
Kessel filmed his own television commercials for the chain, in which he would throw items into a grocery cart and state, "Save at Kessel this week.
Why?
Because we're with you."
The Kessel chain was frequently targeted by workers' unions in Saginaw.
By 1999, four of the Kessel stores had been converted to Save-A-Lot or closed, while the rest were sold to Kroger, which briefly continued to operate them under the Kessel name before converting them.
Kessel's company, Kessel Enterprises of Grand Blanc, Michigan, continued to operate the Save-a-Lot stores and local Pet Supplies Plus stores.
King of the Ring was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and WWE Network event produced by WWE, a Connecticut-based professional wrestling promotion.
The PPV event was held annually in June and was established in 1993 when the promotion was still called the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, renamed WWE in 2002).
It centered on the King of the Ring tournament, which had been held annually as a non-televised house show from 1985 to 1991, with the exception of 1990.
During the event's run as a PPV, it was considered one of the promotion's five biggest events of the year, along with the Royal Rumble, WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, dubbed the "Big Five."
The 2002 event was the final King of the Ring produced as a PPV.
To coincide with the brand extension introduced earlier that same year, the 2002 event featured wrestlers from both the Raw and SmackDown! brand divisions.
In 2003, the event's PPV slot was replaced by Bad Blood.
The tournament endured a four-year hiatus until its return in 2006 as an exclusive tournament for wrestlers of the SmackDown! brand.
Instead of a dedicated PPV, however, this tournament concluded at that year's Judgment Day.
While the tournament has since been held periodically as a non-PPV event and included WWE's other brands, the conclusion to the 2015 tournament aired exclusively as an event on the WWE Network and also occurred when a brand extension was not in effect.
It has thus far been the last tournament to air as a separate event from WWE's other programs.
History.
The King of the Ring tournament is a single-elimination tournament in which the winner is crowned the "King of the Ring."
The tournament was established in 1985 by the then-World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and was held annually until 1991, with the exception of 1990.
These early tournaments were held as special non-televised house shows in an effort to boost attendance at these events.
In 1993, the WWF began to produce an annual June pay-per-view (PPV) titled King of the Ring.
The inaugural PPV took place on June 13, 1993, at the Nutter Center in Dayton, Ohio.
Unlike the previous non-televised events, the PPV did not feature all of the tournament's matches.
Instead, several of the qualifying matches preceded the event with the final few matches then taking place at the pay-per-view.
There were also other matches that took place at the event as it was a traditional three-hour pay-per-view.
In 2003, the event's PPV slot was replaced by Bad Blood.
In early 2002, the WWF was renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) following a lawsuit from the World Wildlife Fund over the "WWF" initialism.
Also around this time, the promotion introduced the brand extension, in which the roster was divided between the Raw and SmackDown! brands where wrestlers were exclusively assigned to perform.
The 2002 tournament and PPV was in turn held for wrestlers from both brands.
After a four-year hiatus, the tournament returned in 2006 and was held exclusively for wrestlers from the SmackDown! brand.
Unlike the previous years, however, there was not an associated pay-per-view.
Instead, tournament matches took place across episodes of "SmackDown!" with the finale being held at Judgment Day.
While WWE has continued to periodically hold the tournament across their other programs, the semifinals and final of the 2015 tournament aired exclusively as an event on WWE's online streaming service, the WWE Network, which launched in February 2014.
It has thus far been the only tournament since 2002 to have its own dedicated event.
This 2015 tournament also occurred when a brand extension was not in effect.
In October 2022, Dave Meltzer of the "Wrestling Observer Newsletter" reported that WWE was planning to resurrect the King of the Ring event in 2023 to replace the Hell in a Cell event.
This was officially confirmed by WWE on March 6, 2023, with the company announcing that the event would be rebranded as "King and Queen of the Ring" to incorporate the women's Queen's Crown tournament that was established in 2021.
This would have saw the event's return to PPV, in addition to airing on WWE's livestreaming platforms.
It was scheduled for May 27, 2023, and would have been the ninth event that WWE held in Saudi Arabia in support of Saudi Vision 2030.
However, on April 13, it was revealed that WWE decided to scrap the revival and would instead hold Night of Champions, thus reviving the Night of Champions event.
According to Mike Johnson of "PWInsider", the decision to change the event to Night of Champions was a creative choice to revive and bring that event to an international market.
Episyrphus is a genus of hoverflies in the subfamily Syrphinae.
Larvae are predatory, often on aphids.
Two subgenera are recognized, "Episyrphus" and "Asiobaccha".
Species of the latter are distinguished by a petiolate abdomen.
It has been claimed that classification within the genus "Episyrphus" needs revision, due to the poor clarity of species names and distinguishing characteristics between them.
William Dyet (born 1931) is a Scottish international lawn bowler.
Bowls career.
He competed in the first World Bowls Championship in Kyeemagh, New South Wales, Australia in 1966 and won a bronze medal in the fours with Willie Adrain, Bert Thomson and Harry Reston at the event.
He is a five times national champion having won the 1964, 1971 and 1975 fours titles, the 1972 pairs title and the 1990 triples at the Scottish National Bowls Championships when bowling for the Balerno Bowls Club.
Personal life.
He was a refrigeration engineer by trade.
The 1991 World Table Tennis Championships women's doubles was the 40th edition of the women's doubles championship.
Chen Zihe and Gao Jun defeated Deng Yaping and Qiao Hong in the final by three sets to one.
See also.
A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy is a novel by Laurence Sterne, written and first published in 1768, as Sterne was facing death.
In 1765, Sterne travelled through France and Italy as far south as Naples, and after returning determined to describe his travels from a sentimental point of view.
The novel can be seen as an epilogue to the possibly unfinished work "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman", and also as an answer to Tobias Smollett's decidedly unsentimental "Travels Through France and Italy".
Sterne had met Smollett during his travels in Europe, and strongly objected to his spleen, acerbity and quarrelsomeness.
He modelled the character of Smelfungus on him.
The novel was extremely popular and influential and helped establish travel writing as the dominant genre of the second half of the 18th century.
Unlike prior travel accounts which stressed classical learning and objective non-personal points of view, "A Sentimental Journey" emphasized the subjective discussions of personal taste and sentiments, of manners and morals over classical learning.
Throughout the 1770s female travel writers began publishing significant numbers of sentimental travel accounts.
Sentiment also became a favourite style among those expressing non-mainstream views, including political radicalism.
The narrator is the Reverend Mr. Yorick, who is slyly represented to guileless readers as Sterne's barely disguised alter ego.
The book recounts his various adventures, usually of the amorous type, in a series of self-contained episodes.
The book is less eccentric and more elegant in style than "Tristram Shandy" and was better received by contemporary critics.
It was published on 27 February, and on 18 March Sterne died.
Plot summary.
Yorick's journey starts in Calais, where he meets a monk who begs for donations to his convent.
Yorick initially refuses to give him anything, but later regrets his decision.
He and the monk exchange their snuff-boxes.
He buys a chaise to continue his journey.
The next town he visits is Montreuil, where he hires a servant to accompany him on his journey, a young man named La Fleur.
During his stay in Paris, Yorick is informed that the police inquired for his passport at his hotel.
Without a passport at a time when England is at war with France (Sterne travelled to Paris in January 1762, before the Seven Years' War ended), he risks imprisonment in the Bastille.
When Yorick notices the count reads "Hamlet", he points with his finger at Yorick's name, mentioning that he is Yorick.
The count mistakes him for the king's jester and quickly procures him a passport.
Yorick fails in his attempt to correct the count, and remains satisfied with receiving his passport so quickly.
Yorick returns to Paris, and continues his voyage to Italy after staying in Paris for a few more days.
Maria's mother tells Yorick that Maria has been struck with grief since her husband died.
Yorick consoles Maria, and then leaves.
After having passed Lyon during his journey, Yorick spends the night in a roadside inn.
Because there is only one bedroom, he is forced to share the room with a lady and her chamber-maid ("fille de chambre").
When Yorick can't sleep and accidentally breaks his promise to remain silent during the night, an altercation with the lady ensues.
During the confusion, Yorick accidentally grabs hold of something belonging to the chamber-maid.
The sentence is open to interpretation.
You can say the last word is omitted, or that he stretched out "his" hand, and caught "hers" (this would be grammatically correct).
Another interpretation is to incorporate "End of Vol.
II" into the sentence, so that he grabs the Fille de Chambre's 'End'.
Sequel.
Because Sterne died before he could finish the novel, his long-time friend John Hall-Stevenson (identified with "Eugenius" in the novel) wrote a continuation.
Legacy.
In the 1880s, American writer Elizabeth Robins Pennell and her artist husband Joseph Pennell undertook a journey following Sterne's route.
Gary McGann (born August 1950) is an Irish accountant, the chairman of Flutter Entertainment, and former CEO of Smurfit Kappa and Aer Lingus.
Education.
McGann earned a bachelor's degree from University College Dublin and also an MSc in management science from Trinity College Dublin.
Career.
McGann was CEO of Smurfit Kappa from November 2002 to August 2015, when he retired from executive roles.
McGann was a non-executive director and member of the audit committee, of failed Irish bank, Anglo Irish Bank from 2004 to its nationalisation in 2009.
In late 2016, McGann was appointed as chairman of Aryzta.
The siege of Inverness that took place in 1689 was carried out by the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, a Highland Scottish clan against the people of the city of Inverness.
In 1665 the people of Inverness had rioted seriously injuring a number of men of the Clan MacDonald.
Twenty four years later in 1689 the feud was re-ignited and the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch laid siege to the city with 800 to 900 men.
They plundered the town and took hostages.
Through the mediation of John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee a ransom was paid for the release of the captives and the MacDonalds of Keppoch went home with their plunder, robbing and devastating all before them.
Early life.
In March 1888 she appeared as Evangeline Houghton in "La sonnambula" in Boston Music Hall under the direction of Charles R. Adams.
In March 1889 aged 21 she was Lady Harriet Durham in Flotow's "Martha" at the Odd Fellows' Hall at Winter Hill in Somerville, Massachusetts.
In November 1890 Houghton took part in the 12th annual festival of the South Eastern Massachusetts Musical Association, directed by Carl Zerrahn.
Move to London.
On arriving in Great Britain she dropped her surname to prevent confusion with another singer of the same name in London at that time.
Florence studied in London with George Henschel, Blume, Alberto Randegger and Amelia Lehmann.
For our own part, we prefer her singing when she remains within the limits of reasonable compass.
All the rest savours too much of claptrap.
Also in 1892 she sang 'Elsa's Dream' at Henschel's London Symphony Concerts, and in 1893 she appeared in Parry's oratorio "Job", given by the Highbury Society and at the Popular Concerts, the London Ballad concerts and the Crystal Palace Concerts.
In 1894 Florence sang at the Hereford Festival, while in 1895 she made a 30-concert tour through Australia and toured Europe during late 1898 and early 1899.
In 1896 and 1898 she sang in the Promenade Concert under the baton of Henry Wood while in 1897 and 1900 she was at the Birmingham Festival and appeared frequently with the Royal Philharmonic Society and Royal Choral Society.
In February 1898 she put on her own concert at St James's Hall in which she sang Mozart and Brahms, among others.
In 1902 she appeared again at The Proms.
For many years she was the principal soprano at Boosey's London Ballad Concerts.
While in London she gained a solid reputation as a concert soprano, a genre she cultivated almost exclusively until her retirement.
The extent of her voice was extraordinary, exceeding three or four notes in the treble register of the celebrated Adelina Patti.
L.'.
Published as sheet music it was sung by Florence.
In 1910 she sang the soprano part in "Handel's Allegro" at the Savoy Theatre in London.
Personal life.
On 17 October 1894 she married Scottish commission merchant Alexander Crerar (1856-1926) in Somerville, Massachusetts.
For details of the history of the region, see "History of Pomerania".
Charlotteville is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.
History.
A post office called Charlotte was established in 1910, and remained in operation until 1933.
Samuel Clifton Ives (born November 13, 1937) is a retired American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1992.
Birth and family.
Ives was born in Farmington, Maine.
The son of a Methodist pastor, he lived in seven different Maine communities while growing up.
He is married to Jane Petherbridge Ives.
They have three grown children (Bonnie Marden, Stephen and Jonathan), and seven grandchildren.
Ives enjoys running, gardening, swimming, sailing, skiing, carpentry, and mountain climbing.
Education.
Ives graduated from the University of Maine in 1960.
He earned both an M.Div. degree (1963), and a D.Min. degree in Church and Society (1983) from Boston University School of Theology.
Ordained ministry.
Ives was ordained deacon (1961) and elder (1963) by bishop James K. Mathews.
Rev.
Ives served for thirty years in the Maine Annual Conference, including pastorates at Cape Elizabeth, Bangor, Waterville and Westbrook.
He also served on the Board of Directors of the U.M.
With his wife he has also been involved in marriage enrichment leadership since 1976.
Episcopal ministry.
Ives was elected to the episcopacy in 1992 by the Northeastern Jurisdictional Conference of the United Methodist Church.
He was assigned to the West Virginia Episcopal Area (the West Virginia Annual Conference).
As a bishop, he also served as vice-president of the U.M.
"With God on Our Side" is a song by Bob Dylan, released as the third track on his 1964 album "The Times They Are A-Changin"'.
Dylan first performed the song during his debut at The Town Hall in New York City on April 12, 1963.
Lyrics.
The lyrics address the tendency of Americans to believe that God will invariably side with them and oppose those with whom they disagree, thus leaving unquestioned the morality of wars fought and atrocities committed by their country.
Controversy concerning plagiarism.
The melody of "With God on Our Side" is essentially identical to the traditional Irish folk song "The Merry Month of May", which was also used by Dominic Behan in his song "The Patriot Game".
The opening verse is also similar to the second verse of Behan's song, in which the narrator gives his name and age.
Behan criticized Dylan publicly by claiming the melody as an original composition.
Behan took the view that the provenance of Dylan's entire body of work must be questioned.
Behan exercised the same folk tradition as Dylan in writing the song, having himself borrowed the melody.
Incidents of censorship.
In a 1984 interview with David Barsamian, Anthony B. Herbert reported that while serving in the US Army during the Vietnam War, he was asked by a general to stop playing a record containing Joan Baez's version of "With God on Our Side", with the general describing Baez as "anti-military".
Live recordings.
The liner notes by Stacy Williams mention Dominic Behan's "Patriot Game", which Williams points out that Behan had borrowed from the traditional "The Merry Month of May".
Another live recording of Dylan and Baez performing "With God on Our Side", recorded on October 31, 1964, can be found on the album ", released in 2004.
A rare post-1960s performance of the song, recorded on November 4, 1975, with extra lyrics, was included on the bonus disc in the box set " (2019).
Versata is a business-rules based application development environment running in Java EE.
Versata started in the early 1990s as a software consulting company called Vision Software.
Over time it developed and sold software for Microsoft Visual Basic development market.
Around 1994, it began development of an integrated development environment for applications.
It included a GUI builder and a business rules engine that enabled developers to create a Web application rapidly using MS SQL Server or Oracle in the backend.
The product, called Vision Jade, was released around 1997.
It was enhanced to support three tier applications and Java thin clients.
Despite hard times, Versata has managed to stay alive and maintain its customer base.
Five consecutive quarters of growth followed until early 2005 when revenues once again took a downward plunge.
Mid-2005 the company was notified by NASDAQ that it no longer met NASDAQ's requirements for continued listing, related to maintenance of a minimum amount of shareholder's equity, market value, or net income.
Rather than continue to focus on these requirements, the company decided to move to the OTC (also known as the Pink Sheets) in order to remain publicly traded.
On 7 December 2005, Versata announced that Austin based Trilogy, Inc. had made an offer to acquire the company by tender.
That deal was consummated in February 2006, taking the company private.
Trilogy then proceeded to merge portions of Trilogy, specifically, Trilogy Technology Group, into Versata and began acquiring further companies, reorganizing dramatically and offshoring most technical positions to its office in Bangalore, India.
From 2006 to 2008, Versata continued to make acquisitions mostly in US.
Most of the employees in the acquired companies were laid -off with the majority work being offshored to its India office in Bangalore.
In early 2009, Versata made another major overhaul of its business model when it asked all its employees in India to work as contractors through oDesk for a gDev which is an entity incorporated by Trilogy to manage its outsourcing activities.
The only employees left in Versata were the ones in US. 6,553,350 and U.S. Patent No.
5,878,400.
Sam Baxter, Ted Stevenson, Scott Cole and Steve Pollinger of McKool Smith represented Versata on this case. iRunway India Private Limited and NTrak LLC were the technical consultants and provided end-to-end litigation support to McKool Smith.
The case has been rumbling on for a couple of years now, hinging on Versata-owned patents that cover mechanisms for pricing products.
In January 2011, the judge in the case set aside the damages award, and ordered a new trial on damages.
In June, 2010, Versata filed an antitrust complaint against SAP AG.
It alleges that SAP illegally excluded Versata from selling to vast majority of large ERP customers.
Acquisitions.
On July 3, 2006, Versata acquired Artemis International Solutions Corporation, a provider of project and product portfolio management tools, including Artemis (software).
In September 2007, Versata acquired Nextance a provider of enterprise contract management solutions.
In November 2007, Versata acquired Gensym.
Gensym is a provider of business rule engine software.
February 25, 2008 - Versata acquired AlterPoint, a maker of Network Change and Configuration Management (NCCM) software.
March, 2008 - Versata acquired Tenfold Corporation.
In May 2008, Versata acquired Evolutionary Technologies International (ETI) and Clear Technologies.
On August 7, 2009 - Versata announced the acquisition of Everest Software, Inc. (Everest), a provider of retail and wholesale business management software.
The Virgin Queen is a 2005 BBC and Power co-production, four-part miniseries based upon the life of Queen Elizabeth I, starring Anne-Marie Duff and Tom Hardy as Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester.
It was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Drama Serial in 2007.
Plot.
From her time as a young princess in her early twenties to her death in 1603, "The Virgin Queen" explores both the public and private life of Queen Elizabeth I (Anne-Marie Duff).
The series focuses on the internal motivation behind 25-year-old Elizabeth's vow of chastity upon her ascension to the throne.
As a child, she confides in her friend Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (Tom Hardy), that she wishes to never marry.
Her relationship with Dudley, who would later become master of the Queen's horses, spans the four-part series and calls into question the ambiguous nature of their relations.
The series features a scene where a dreaming Elizabeth fantasizes about making love to Dudley.
When his wife Amy (Emilia Fox) dies under suspicious circumstances, Dudley proposes to the Queen and is rejected.
Upon his death, Elizabeth's affections turn to Dudley's step-son Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.
However, when he is caught making plans for a coup, she has him executed.
As queen, Elizabeth is meticulous in constructing her public image.
Scrutinizing every detail, she micro-manages everything from her appearance to her attitude.
Alternately chaste and flirtatious, she nevertheless eschews love in favour of England.
History and politics are intertwined throughout the series, from England's defeat of the Spanish Armada to the change from a Catholic to a Protestant nation, Elizabeth uses her power and her court to maintain her will.
Production.
Originally intended to air on BBC One in September 2005, the date would have coincided with the release of the Channel 4 two-part miniseries "Elizabeth I" (starring Helen Mirren).
Due to the conflict, the BBC decided to delay the UK release until after the US opening in November 2005 on PBS's "Masterpiece Theatre".
Despite being a biopic of Elizabeth's life and reign, the series presented its main character with particular interest in several themes, most notably the emotional impact of her mother's execution and her love for Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (Tom Hardy).
Writer Paula Milne said of the series, "As my research started to reveal her unravelling, tumultuous relationship with Dudley, I knew I had found the spine of the story.
Smart political and psychological interpretations of her life might give the drama contemporary gravitas, but its real power would lie in its emotional truth.
Losing love, for whatever reason, reaches out through the centuries to all of us who have found love and lost it."
Summary.
Episode 1.
The first episode depicts Elizabeth from her imprisonment in the Tower of London by the Queen, her sister Mary I, accused with plotting the Queen's demise, to her accession to the throne following Mary's death, and her coronation.
Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower, accused of participating in Thomas Wyatt's rebellion to overthrow Mary.
The episode strongly hints Elizabeth's participation, though evidence of this remains highly conjectural.
The episode also establishes Elizabeth's relationship with Robert Dudley, and they are shown to be greatly in love, despite Dudley being married to Amy Robsart, whom he met at the Stanfield Hall, they were married when both were 18 years old.
Elizabeth's frustration at her later house arrest at Woodstock Manor is emphasised to somewhat comic effect.
She is shown being held at Woodstock from her release from the Tower until her sister's death from cancer, when in reality she was only held there a year, before being recalled to London so Mary could keep a closer eye on her.
The second episode shows Elizabeth from several months to a year after her coronation, establishing herself as Queen, to the emergence of Mary, Queen of Scots, as her political rival.
The episode makes much of her clandestine romance with Robert Dudley, and her resistance to marriage.
Elizabeth is shown to be struggling with the adjustment to being Queen, especially in regard to Dudley.
A scene shows Elizabeth dreaming of making love with Dudley, but the plot of the series follows the opinion that she resisted these urges, and remained a virgin.
The episode also shows Robert at his house with his wife, Amy, her health is in a poor condition, asking her husband to stay with her, but Robert replies that he must attend the court. also, the episode depicts Elizabeth's courtship from Philip II of Spain (her sister's widower) and the Archduke Charles of Austria.
It also shows Elizabeth's early dealings with her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, including her plans for her to marry Dudley, as a means to secure a political union between England and Scotland, and the treason of Thomas Howard.
The closing scene depicts the start of the relationship between Robert Dudley and Lettice Knollys.
Midway through the episode, Elizabeth's contraction of smallpox is dramatically depicted, the death of Dudley's wife, Amy Robsart, who waited and longed for Robert, the episode shows her taking her own life, to help achieving her husband's ambitions to marry Elizabeth.
Episode 3.
The third episode begins with Elizabeth's courtship with Francis, Duke of Anjou, and ends just following the destruction of the Spanish Armada.
During her near death from smallpox in the previous episode, Elizabeth is shown wearing the ornate red wig or hairpiece she has become famous for.
The episode depicts Elizabeth's courtship of Anjou as nothing more than politics, and a wish for an heir, and suggests that she harboured little real affection for him, though like many of her courtships, this remains ambiguous.
The key point of character drama in this episode is Elizabeth's discovery of Robert Dudley's marriage to Lettice Knollys, in that scene, Dudley echoed the phraseology from his dead wife, Amy's earlier letter, he says, "I mortgaged my life in the hope that someday we'd be together.
I have stood by and watched while others fall at your feet. flattering you vanity." upon which she is shown flying into a grief-fuelled rage.
The illness Dudley suffered prior to his death is also depicted from fairly early on, though Elizabeth remains ignorant of his affliction.
Great focus is also placed on Elizabeth's turmoil over the situation with Mary, Queen of Scots, who is executed towards the end of the episode, an act which Elizabeth is shown expressing great remorse in private.
The impending invasion of the Spanish Armada is dealt with fairly rapidly, the primary scene concerning the Armada being Elizabeth's encampment at Tilbury, where she gives an invigorating speech.
These scenes are intercut, and immediately followed with her grief and heartbreak over the death of Robert Dudley, and her brief seclusion during the celebrations over the Armada's defeat.
The episode ends with her first encounter with Robert Devereux.
The ending makes much of the theory that Devereux was actually the son of Robert Dudley by Lettice Knollys, instead of the result of her first marriage to Walter Devereux.
Episode 4.
This episode shows Elizabeth in the twilight of her reign.
Anne Marie Duff and Sienna Guillory are given ageing makeup in this episode, accentuating their age in comparison to the previous episodes, marking them as enduring 'relics' of the past.
The episode revolves mainly around Elizabeth's relationship with Robert Devereux as her court favourite, and the machinations for his advancement by his mother Lettice Knollys, the Queen's former handmaiden.
The enmity between Elizabeth and Lettice is also emphasised, and the plot deviates from established history by showing that Elizabeth eventually did meet with Lettice before her death, albeit briefly and without exchanging words.
Devereux is held as a pawn between the two women, his love for Elizabeth on one side, his devotion to his mother on the other, the pressure of which causes him great turmoil, bordering on mental instability, culminating in his attempt at rebellion towards the end of the episode.
One haunting scene in the episode shows Devereux walking in on a half-dressed Elizabeth, and his shock when he sees the Queen as decrepit and old, without her wig or make up.
Elizabeth is the one remaining relic of the England she once knew, most of her friends and trusted advisors having been replaced by the next generation.
The emphasis on Devereux takes away somewhat from the political problems Elizabeth was facing at the time, such as with Spain, France and Ireland, as well as significant problems in England itself with high taxes and the failure of the crops, though these events are made frequent reference to.
The episode concludes with Robert Devereux's execution and Elizabeth's demise, including her encroaching senility and dementia with age, and her depression over Devereux's death.
In these scenes, she is shown delivering her famous Golden Speech to Parliament.
Her death is depicted in a more dramatic fashion than in reality, with her refusing to lie down in fear that she would not stand again.
Do you hear me?!"
Finally, she is drawn from her reminiscing when she apparently suffers a stroke and collapses, with her advisers, courtiers and ladies-in-waiting rushing to assist as she dies.
The episode ends with William Cecil's son, Robert, preparing for the accession of Elizabeth's successor, James I.
Historical accuracy.
Home media.
"The Virgin Queen" was released on DVD in 2006 by PBS and is also available digitally on Amazon Prime Video and iTunes.
The series was also released on DVD in Germany and England.
The DVD releases were heavily censored and the 4 episodes were recut to 2 episodes.
The 240 minutes (4 hours) of the original TV broadcasts were cut to 200 minutes (3 hours and 20 minutes) in the DVD versions.
The digital releases that are available in Europe on Amazon Prime Video and iTunes are also ca. 40 minutes shorter, are censored and recut to 2 episodes.
Soundtrack.
The score won an Ivor Novello Award for "Best Television soundtrack" on 24 May 2007.
Maroochydore State High School (commonly abbreviated as 'MSHS') is a co-educational, state secondary school located on Queensland's Sunshine Coast in the town of Maroochydore, approximately north of Brisbane.
It has grown from an enrolment of 200 students in its foundation year, 1964, to approximately 1400 today.
Kumar Mahadevan (born 23 November 1959) is an Indian chef, restaurateur and media personality, based in Australia.
He is often referred in Sydney's dining circles as the "Guru of Indian cuisine".
He is recognised for introducing authentic Indian cuisine to the Australian public with his restaurant, "Abhi's" in 1990.
Following the success of "Abhi's" he opened his second restaurant "Aki's" at Sydney's prestigious dining precinct 'The Finger Wharf Woolloomooloo'.
"Aki's" carried the accolades for Chef Kumar, being the only Indian restaurant to win the coveted 'Chef Hat' award for consecutive years since 2011 till present.
Early life.
Kumar Mahadevan was raised in Tirunelveli, a town in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
He was brought up in a typical Hindu Brahmin joint family, consisting of his grandmother, her three sons, their wives and children.
His father was a steel merchant.
Kumar got his first taste for Indian cuisine in his mother's kitchen, at a very young age.
He names his grandmother as his biggest culinary influence, crediting his sense of smell as something he inherited from her.
When he was eight, she taught him to make rasam, a subtle but complex lentil soup, that's a staple in every Southern Indian meal.
Training and early cooking career.
Kumar Mahadevan started an economics degree at the University of Madras at the age of 16, but dropped out a month later, when his family's fortunes fell.
He then joined Madras Catering College, on the suggestion of a friend.
Though granted a full scholarship for the three-year course, Kumar struggled to convince his parents as they expected him to pursue an academic discipline.
At the end of his first year, Kumar got a summer job at the five-star The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Mumbai.
Kumar signed up for double and triple shifts, working for eighteen days consecutively, while commuting from his aunt's place, an hour and a half away.
Starting out in butchery, he continued to work in every department under Cyrus Todiwala, a Parsi chef who now runs London's "Cafe Spice Namaste".
He graduated in 1979.
Kumar went back for his apprenticeship at the Taj, completing it in half the time.
In 1981, when offered a higher salary, Kumar left for Basrah in Iraq, to work at the new Sheraton.
With the Iran-Iraq war worsening and having helped to settle his father's debts, he returned to Mumbai in 1984.
Career.
He worked 96-hour weeks over six days for meagre pay and had signed a four-year contract, with a clause that stated that if he left, his parents will have to pay a huge fine.
Kumar got married in July 1987, and his wife followed him to Sydney.
But, the long hours and the low wages started to take a toll on Kumar, and he was desperate to leave.
He came close to walking out in 1988, when he was forced to return to the kitchen within hours of his son's birth.
Luck intervened, when Mayur's finances fell and Kumar was suddenly freed from his contract.
Kumar joined Sorrentino cafe in Sydney's Circular Quay in 1989.
He became friends with the owner, Doug Moxon and they decided to open an Indian restaurant together.
They found a place in North Strathfield and in 1990, "Abhi's", named after his first son Abhinav, opened.
In 1991, his second son Akilesh was born.
In spite of receiving good feedback, Kumar and his wife struggled to make ends meet for the next few years.
Success.
In 1994, Les Luxford, the food critic at The Sydney Morning Herald stumbled upon "Abhi's", on his way back from a business meeting and soon published a positive review with the headline, "The Search is Over" in April 1994.
"Abhi's" became an overnight success and in Kumar's own words, 'there were queues down the street'.
When it got really busy, Kumar asked his wife, Suba to help in the restaurant in the evenings.
"Abhi's" has since gone on to become an iconic neighbourhood eatery and culinary institution of Indian Gastronomy continuing on their 28th year still pulling large crowds.
The more ambitious operation, "Aki's" (named after his second son), was opened in November 2003 on the newly restored Woolloomooloo Finger Wharf.
This was a chance for Kumar to exhibit Indian Cuisine at the next level with traditional flavours with a contemporary twist.
It aims to give the customers a fine-dining experience in Indian cuisine.
Both his restaurants highlights Kumar Mahadevan's handling of clever flavours and fresh, fragrant spices in a modern interpretation of traditional "desi" food.
Television appearances.
Kumar Mahadevan has had several national TV appearances on prime-time shows.
Personal life.
In July 1987, Kumar Mahadevan married Suba Krishnamurthi, a commerce graduate from Chennai.
He refers to her as his greatest inspiration and at times, his greatest critic.
Since the success of "Abhi's" in 1994, she has helped Kumar with the running of both the restaurants.
They have two sons Abhinav (born 1988) and Akilesh (born 1991), after whom Kumar named both his restaurants.
His other passions are photography, wine and travel.
Every year, the couple visit their native place for inspiration.
Kumar loves rediscovering yesteryear recipes by visiting cooks and housewives, refining their traditional style and integrating it into the food at "Abhi's" and "Aki's".
Kumar credits his friend and chef, Praveen Anand (an acclaimed Indian chef and founder of Dakshin restaurant in Chennai), as a constant source of inspiration and influence on his continuing education on both the historic and contemporary aspects of Indian food.
Books.
Ingatestone railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line in the East of England, serving the village of Ingatestone, Essex.
It is down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between to the west and to the east.
Its three-letter station code is INT.
The station is currently managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving it, as part of the East Anglia franchise.
History.
The first station at Ingatestone was opened by the Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) in July 1843, sited just below Stock Lane, and operated for less than a month.
The station consisted of wooden platforms on each side of the railway, connecting to the road carried above by wooden steps up the embankment.
However, the agreement for the construction of the railway across the Petre Estate, obtained in 1836, and section 7 of the enabling private Act of Parliament ("An Act to amend and enlarge the powers and provisions of the Act relating to the Eastern Counties Railway") in 1838 both required that the Petre Estate consent to the construction of any station on the estate.
The railway obtained consent for the construction of a station adjacent to Old Hall Lane (now Station Lane), adjacent to the level crossing, subsequently the site of the existing station.
Despite this, in August 1842 the railway requested permission to relocate the station to the cutting adjacent to the Stock Lane bridge, a change that Lord Petre refused to agree.
Despite this, a station was constructed on the alternative site, and opened on 22 July 1843 for services between Shoreditch in London and .
Following the legal case of "Lord Petre v Eastern Counties Railway Company" in August 1843, an injunction was issued by the High Court prohibiting use of the Stock Lane station.
As a result, a permanent station on the present site was opened in 1844 and certainly given the present main station building, in Tudor style with diaper brickwork, in 1846.
Ingatestone station and the area around it form one of the first conservation areas to be designated in Essex.
The railway station is a Grade II listed building.
Services.
The typical off-peak Monday-Saturday service is two trains per hour west to , one per hour east to and one per hour east to .
On Sundays, there is one train per hour west to London Liverpool Street and one east to .
Acts of murder, torture and intimidation.
It was one of the most feared of all the militia in East Timor, and was responsible for the arson, murder, torture, rape, and intimidation of hundreds of East Timorese citizens during the 1999 pullout from East Timor by the military of Indonesia, and in the time leading up to the referendum for independence.
The BMP were commanded by Manuel de Sousa, an East Timorese in support of the Indonesian rule over East Timor.
During the months leading up to the East Timorese people voting for independence, the "BMP" held absolute control over the areas surrounding Liquica, as well as the town itself.
In March 1999, international observers serving in Liquica, including several American police officers serving with the International Police (but at that time as unarmed observers) issued a report that read "The Besi Merah Putih surround a Carmelite convent in Maubara, some 60 km west of Dili yesterday and remain in place today.
The militia threatened 'to kill any nun leaving the convent' because they were allegedly working for the resistance.
A priest denied the charge, saying the nuns were providing aid to anyone in need 'regardless of colour, ideology or religion'."
Before committing a murder, BMP members have confessed that they all would drink a cocktail of alcohol, animal blood and drugs.
Former members have also confessed to collecting trophies of those they killed, usually cutting away from the victim either an ear or a penis.
The most notable acts of murder involving the "BMP" was the Liquica Church Massacre, which resulted in the deaths of more than 200 civilians.
International intervention.
After the intervention of an international military force, led by Australia and New Zealand in mid-1999, "BMP" members fled into the rain forests of East Timor, or across the West Timor border into Indonesian territory.
Many were later arrested by the International Police through strained but coordinated efforts with Indonesian authorities.
A large number of members were indicted for their part in the Liquica Church Massacre following the UNTAET Crime Scene Detachment exhumations and murder investigations of late 1999 and into 2000.
Many other members attempted to integrate back into their former village homes in East Timor, but were often frightened away by enraged villagers, or at times killed.
Several did for a time successfully integrate back into the villages of Buku Mara and Bazartete, given the job of being a servant to the other villagers, chopping and gathering firewood or cleaning.
However, many of those who were integrated disappeared, with International authorities being unable to verify their whereabouts when attempting to locate them for questioning.
He played professionally as a running back for nine seasons in the Canadian Football League CFL) with the Edmonton Eskimos.
Thomas ran for 6,161 yards in his CFL career and was a two-time CFL All-Star.
He signed to the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) in 1970 for a five-game trial, but returned to Edmonton.
Thomas attended R. E. Hunt High School in Columbus, Mississippi, a segregated school for blacks only.
He attended college at Mississippi Industrial College in Holly Springs, Mississippi.
After his playing career was over, Thomas earned a master's degree from Southwestern Oklahoma State University.
He coached in college at Southwestern Oklahoma State and the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) as well as Noxubee County High School, Houston High School, and in Memphis before winding up at Mississippi Valley State University.
Chydaeopsis mindanaonis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
Integrative Cancer Therapies is a peer-reviewed medical journal focusing on complementary and alternative and integrative medicine in the care for and treatment of patients with cancer.
Therapies like diets and lifestyle modifications, as well as experimental vaccines and chemotherapy are the subject of this journal.
It was established in 2002 and is published by SAGE Publications.
The editor-in-chief is Keith I.
Block (University of Illinois at Chicago).
A study published in the March 2006 issue, "Diagnostic Accuracy of Canine Scent Detection in Early-and Late-Stage Lung and Breast Cancers" by McCulloch "et al. ", garnered widespread media attention.
The study presented evidence that a dog's scenting ability can distinguish people with both early and late stage lung and breast cancers from healthy controls.
Abstracting and indexing.
Bladon or Bladon Micro Turbine (formerly called Bladon Jets) is a pioneer in the design, development and manufacture of Micro Turbine Gensets (MTGs) - using high-speed, ultra reliable and clean-burning microturbines.
Bladon is a British company and was also involved in the development of Automotive Range Extenders in a special project with Jaguar Land Rover.
Bladon is now focused on designing, manufacturing and selling microturbine generator sets (MTGs) to the telecommunications market.
More specifically, the MTGs are designed to provide reliable power to mobile telecommunications towers, especially those that are located in remote areas or are connected to unreliable electric networks.
History.
Jaguar Cars chose Bladon Jets to supply the turbines used in its C-X75 concept electric sports car to generate electricity to extend the range of its battery.
The company was founded by twin brothers Chris and Paul Bladon who are closely associated with the Isle of Man TT races, with the Paul Bladon Trophy awarded annually to the rider who completes the fastest lap in their class in the Post Classic event at the Manx Grand Prix.
Paul Bladon died in 2008 after a long battle with cancer.
References.
 is a 1940 Bollywood film directed by G.P.
Pawar.
He was president of the club when they won their first domestic title, the Copa del Rey in 1910.
They also won a Catalan championship undefeated and their first Pyrenees Cup.
Julius Wagner, who was in his third season as the team's head coached, resigned after five games.
The Grand Panorama of a Whaling Voyage 'Round the World is a maritime panoramic painting created by Benjamin Russell and Caleb B. Purrington in 1848.
At 1,275 feet in length, it is the longest painting in the United States, longer than the Empire State Building is tall.
History.
Benjamin Russell was a notable whaling painter of New Bedford, while Caleb Purrington was a more simple sign painter.
The panorama was first displayed in 1848.
It was displayed on a proscenium stage, mounted on spools and manually cranked to wind the panorama along, typically accompanied by narration, music, and lighting effects.
Description.
The panorama exists in four sections and depicts a whaling voyage around the world in the first half of the 19th century.
The Wall Street Journal described it as "surprising in its variety and beauty."
Restoration.
Part of the restoration included spraying the painting with diluted adhesive in order to bind the pigment to the cloth and humidify the canvas.
After its restoration, it was displayed in four sections in a gallery exhibition called "A Spectacle in Motion" at the Kilburn Mill in New Bedford, Massachusetts from July 14 to October 8, 2018.
This is a list of the judges of the Supreme Court of Ghana.
The Constitution of Ghana provides for the court to be made up of the Chief Justice of Ghana and not less than nine other Justices of the Supreme Court.
It shall be duly constituted by at least five Supreme Court judges.
Appointment of judges.
Article 144 clause 1 of the 1992 Constitution of Ghana stipulates that the Chief Justice of Ghana is to be appointed by the President of Ghana acting in consultation with the Council of State and with the approval of the Parliament of Ghana.
Article 144 clause 2 states that Justices of the Supreme court are appointed on the advice of the Judicial Council in consultation with the Council of State and with the approval of Parliament.
Where the position of Chief Justice is vacant or where the holder of the position is unable to perform their duties for a period, the most senior member of the Supreme Court shall act as Chief Justice as in clause 6 of Article 144.
In May 2020, President Akufo-Addo appointed four additional judges to the Supreme Court.
Retirement or removal from office.
According to Article 145 clause 4 of the constitution, a Supreme Court Judge is expected to vacate their office on reaching the age of seventy years.
They can carry on up to an additional six months to ensure that they are able to complete any proceedings they may have been involved in at that stage.
The judges are guaranteed job security.
Article 146 states the conditions for their removal as "except for stated misbehaviour or incompetence or on ground of inability to perform the functions of his office arising from infirmity of body or mind."
She is the daughter of Parisa Bakhtavar and Academy Award-winning director Asghar Farhadi.
Career.
In 2011, she won Silver Bear for Best Actress at Berlin International Film Festival for her role in her father's film "A Separation", as "Termeh".
St Elli Church, also called St Ellyw's Church is an Anglican parish church in the town of Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, Wales, dedicated to Saint Elli.
It was built in the medieval period, possibly in the 15th century, and is located in Bridge Street, opposite Llanelly House.
History.
The church was a parish church in medieval times, being first mentioned in eleventh century documents.
In the thirteenth century the living was in the gift of the Lord of Kidwelly, Patrick de Chatworth, but with his death the patronage passed to the Crown.
In the late fourteenth century John of Gaunt was entitled to receive the tithes at the collegiate church of St Mary, Leicester.
There were four subordinate chapels in the parish before the Protestant Reformation.
The building.
The church dates back to the medieval period, possibly the fifteenth century.
The church is built of rock-faced rubble stone with decorative red sandstone dressings, stone-coped gables, green slate roofs and terracotta ridge tiles.
There is an octagonal chimney between the chancel roof and the nave roof, and there is a large porch at the south end.
The tower has a corbelled parapet, a clock halfway up the south side and a square stairwell on the north side.
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales curates the archaeological, architectural and historic records for this church.
Life and career.
Leavitt was born in Lansing, Michigan.
He began his stage career in 1935, appearing as a wedding guest in the Broadway play "How Beautiful With Shoes".
Leavitt made his film debut in 1941. in 1946 he appeared in "The Harvey Girls".
During the 1940s and 1950s he mainly appeared in films in uncredited and supporting roles.
", "Living It Up", "The Kentuckian" and "When Gangland Strikes", "Combat Squad", "The Rookie", and "Teenage Monster".
Leavitt started appearing on television in 1952 in "The Adventures of Kit Carson".
In 1958 Leavitt played the recurring role of the dimwitted jail handyman Ralph in the western television series "Trackdown".
In the 1960s and 1970s Leavitt started appearing in more television programs and fewer films.
His television credits include "Gunsmoke", "The Twilight Zone", "Mayberry, R.F.D.
", "Perry Mason", "The Fugitive", "The Beverly Hillbillies", "Petticoat Junction", "Green Acres", "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
", "Bonanza", "Lost in Space", "The Wild Wild West", "The Jack Benny Program", "Mister Ed", "Death Valley Days", "The Rifleman", "Leave It to Beaver", "Peter Gunn", "The Addams Family", "Wagon Train", "Tales of Wells Fargo", "The Millionaire", "The Guns of Will Sonnett" and "Ironside".
He also appeared in "The Andy Griffith Show", playing a number of different roles.
Leavitt retired in 1978, last appearing in the television series "Quincy, M.E.".
Death.
Leavitt died in December 2005 of dehydration and dementia at the Motion Picture and Television Hospital in Solvang, California, at the age of 92.
Tallinn Sports Hall () is a sport hall in Tallinn, Estonia.
Daniel John Webb (born 2 July 1983) is an English former footballer who played as a defender and is employed as Assistant Manager at Chesterfield, having initially been appointed as First Team Coach.
He previously served as Leyton Orient first-team manager in 2017.
Playing career.
Southend United.
Webb started his career as a trainee at Southampton but failed to break into the Saints' first team squad.
Hull City.
In 2002 Webb left Southend, moving to Hull City on a free transfer, where he went on to make a total of 18 appearances, scoring one goal, between 2002 and 2004.
However, Webb always had a bit-part role at Hull and was loaned out to Lincoln City in his first season at the club, where he scored once against Bristol Rovers.
He scored his only goal for the club in a Football League Trophy tie against Scunthorpe United in November 2003.
His first team opportunities became limited in the second half of the season and he was sent out to Cambridge United on an initial one-month loan.
Cambridge United.
Webb impressed while on loan at Cambridge, securing another month's extension to his loan.
In total he made 10 starts and scored one goal while on loan at the U's.
In February 2004, Cambridge made the move permanent, and Webb went on to make a further 35 appearances and scored three goals for the club.
Yeovil Town.
David Webb's executive role however was brief, ending in February 2006, and his son never really subsequently broke into the first team, making only 10 appearances in 18 months at the club.
Marsaxlokk.
Webb only played once for Marsaxlokk in an appearance in a Champions League qualifier against FK Sarajevo.
AFC Wimbledon.
Following his stint with Marsaxlokk, Webb returned to England to sign for AFC Wimbledon on 23 July 2007, ending the club's long search for a "target man".
He was one of eight players released at the end of the campaign after being deemed surplus to requirements by Dons boss Terry Brown.
Chelmsford City.
On 1 July 2008, he signed a contract with Chelmsford City becoming the Claret's second pre-season signing.
However was later released by Chelmsford City for not being in Jeff King's plans.
He made three league appearances for Havant before going on trial at Salisbury City.
Salisbury City.
Whilst on trial, Webb played one game and impressed manager Nick Holmes which resulted in him being signed by the club after they lost some of their first choice strikers due to financial problems.
For a period of time, he also partnered Tubbs up front when other forwards in the squad were sidelined by injury.
Bath City.
Webb left Salisbury City for Bath City during the summer of 2010.
This was as a result of the club's two league demotion.
The loan move was later made permanent.
Coaching career.
Leyton Orient.
Webb joined Leyton Orient in 2011 as Under 14's coach.
Since then he has progressed through the age groups and led the under-16s to National Category Three Cup final victory in 2014.
On 1 July 2016, Webb was promoted to First Team Coach.
On 29 January 2017, he was appointed manager at Orient after Andy Edwards resigned to take a role on the FA's coaching staff.
On 30 March 2017, after 12 games in charge Webb resigned as manager of Leyton Orient.
On 1 July 2017, Webb returned to Leyton Orient as Youth Team Coach.
Webb later became a First Team Coach under Justin Edinburgh and became assistant to Ross Embleton after Edinburgh's death.
Webb left the club by mutual consent on 12 February 2020.
Chesterfield.
Webb became First Team Coach at Chesterfield on 24 April 2021.
Webb remained at the club as assistant to new manager Paul Cook.
Personal life.
The women's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place on 24 and 25 July.
The heats and semifinals took place on 24 July and the final was held on 25 July.
Records.
Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
Results.
Heats.
As two swimmers had the same time in the heats at place 17 they had to participate in a swimoff to determine the first semifinal reserve swimmer.
Semifinals.
He was professor of orthopaedic surgery at the University of Edinburgh from 1958 to 1979.
Most commonly known as "JIP", he was secretary then president of the British Orthopaedic Association which later awarded him its honorary fellowship.
James attracted orthopaedic specialists to work in Edinburgh, encouraging them to develop an interest in a specialist area of orthopaedics, and in this way he was able to establish a comprehensive regional orthopaedic service.
He made contributions to hand surgery and surgical treatment of scoliosis, and was a prime mover in promoting specialist training and qualification in orthopaedic surgery in the UK.
Early life and education.
His father had worked in a variety of jobs around the world, as a lumberjack in Canada, as a combatant in the Spanish American War, as a lay preacher, and eventually as a writer.
James was one of a large family and his education was financed through scholarships.
After schooling at Eggars Grammar School in Alton, Hampshire, he studied medicine at University College, London, qualifying MB BS from University College Hospital (UCH) in 1938.
He was house surgeon at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, being appointed surgical registrar there in 1941.
He joined the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1943.
Wartime service.
Having volunteered for the Special Operations Executive (SOE), James was parachuted into Yugoslavia in late 1943 after two earlier attempts were unsuccessful.
He arrived at Kolasin near the Montenegrin-Albanian border to give medical support to Yugoslav Partisans who were part of a resistance movement against the occupying German forces.
With the Partisan combatants constantly on the move, he operated in caves, stables, or mountain huts, with the operative field often lit only by candlelight.
He wrote a first-hand account of this experience in 1992.
After the war he was awarded the Golden Star of Service by the then Republic of Yugoslavia.
Surgical career.
In 1948 James was appointed as a consultant orthopaedic surgeon to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital and was awarded a Rockefeller scholarship to gain orthopaedic experience in the United States.
He acted as assistant director to Mr (later Sir) Herbert Seddon and together they arranged orthopaedic training programmes which were to gain national and international reputations.
He was appointed in 1958 to the chair of orthopaedic surgery at the University of Edinburgh, which involved clinical and teaching responsibilities for elective cases at the Princess Margaret Rose Hospital and for emergency admissions at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.
He organised a regional orthopaedic service for Lothian and established training programmes which attracted trainees from around the world.
He believed in structured specialist training.
As chairman of the Specialist Advisory Committee in Orthopaedics he persuaded the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh to establish an exit examination toward the end of higher surgical training in orthopaedics (FRCSEd (Orth), which subsequently became the Intercollegiate Specialty Fellowship in 1990 and was subsequently adopted as the norm for all surgical specialties in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
His clinical and research interests were in the surgery of the hand and the surgical treatment of scoliosis.
James became secretary and then president of the British Orthopaedic Association, and the association's award of its honorary fellowship gave him particular pleasure.
Personal life.
After retiring from the Edinburgh chair in 1979, James worked as director of orthopaedic services in Kuwait and later in Saudi Arabia.
He finally retired to the village of Slad in Gloucestershire.
James married Margaret Samuel, a general practitioner, in 1968, with whom he had two children, Tomasin and Jonathan.
Via the Saluda and Congaree Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.
According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known as "Bush Creek."
The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Bush River" as the stream's name in 1973.
Course.
True Story is a 2015 American mystery drama film directed by Rupert Goold in his directorial debut, based on a screenplay by Goold and David Kajganich.
Based on the memoir of the same name by Michael Finkel, it stars Jonah Hill, James Franco and Felicity Jones, with Gretchen Mol, Betty Gilpin and John Sharian in supporting roles.
Franco plays Christian Longo, a man on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's most-wanted list accused of murdering his wife and three children in Oregon.
He hid in Mexico using the identity of Michael Finkel, a journalist played by Hill.
The film premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically on April 17, 2015, in the United States.
It explores the relationship that develops between the two men after journalist Finkel begins to meet with Longo in prison.
Plot.
In 2001, Christian Longo, an Oregon man whose wife and three children have been discovered murdered, is arrested by police in Mexico, where he had been identifying himself as a reporter for "The New York Times" named Michael Finkel.
Meanwhile, in New York City, Finkel, an ambitious and successful reporter, is confronted by his editors about a cover story he has written for "The New York Times Magazine" in which he has used a composite character as the focus of his story, violating basic journalism principles.
Finkel briefly attempts to defend his actions but is unsuccessful and is fired.
He returns home to his wife Jill and struggles to find work as a journalist due to his public firing from the "Times".
In 2003, Finkel is contacted by a reporter for "The Oregonian", seeking his opinion on Longo's assumption of his identity.
Unaware of Longo's case, Finkel is intrigued and arranges to meet Longo in prison.
During their first conversation, Longo claims he has followed Finkel's career and admired his writing.
Longo agrees to tell Finkel his side of the crimes he is accused of in exchange for writing lessons and Finkel's promise not to share their conversations until after the conclusion of the murder trial.
Finkel becomes increasingly absorbed with Longo, who is likable but evasive about his guilt.
Convinced the story will be redemptive, Finkel visits Longo in prison and corresponds with him for several months.
Longo sends Finkel numerous letters and an 80-page notebook entitled "Wrong Turns," which contains what Longo describes as a list of every mistake he has made.
Finkel begins to recognize similarities between Longo and himself, their handwriting and drawing, and Longo's letters and Finkel's journals.
As the trial approaches, Finkel becomes increasingly doubtful that Longo is guilty of the murders, and Longo informs Finkel that he intends to change his plea to not guilty.
In court, Longo pleads not guilty to two of the murders but pleads guilty to the murder of his wife and one of his daughters.
Finkel confronts Longo, who claims he cannot share everything he knows because he has to protect certain people he refuses to name.
Greg Ganley, the detective who tracked Longo down and arrested him, approaches Finkel and claims Longo is an extremely dangerous and manipulative man.
He tries to convince Finkel to turn over as evidence all his correspondence with Longo.
Finkel refuses, and Ganley does not press him for an explanation.
At the trial, Longo takes the stand and describes his version of the events in detail.
After an argument with his wife about their financial situation, he claims he had come home to discover two of his children missing, one of his daughters unconscious, and his wife sobbing, saying she put the children "in the water."
Longo says he strangled his wife to death in a blind rage.
He says he thought his other daughter was dead at first but realized she was still breathing and strangled her as well because she was all but dead.
Finkel's wife, Jill, watches Longo's testimony.
As the jury deliberates, Jill visits Longo in jail and tells him he is a narcissistic murderer who will never escape who he is.
Longo is found guilty and sentenced to death.
After he is sentenced, he winks at Finkel, who, to his shock and rage, realizes Longo has been lying throughout their conversations, using him to make his testimony more believable.
A short time later, Finkel meets Longo on death row.
Longo tries to convince Finkel he discovered his wife strangling their daughter and then blacked out, so he has no memory of the murders.
Finkel angrily tells Longo he will not believe any more of his lies and will warn the judge, when Longo appeals against his sentence, of Longo's manipulative nature.
Longo retorts by pointing out Finkel's success with his book about their encounters, leaving the reporter shaken.
Finkel reads a section of his book, "True Story", at a promotional event in a bookstore.
Taking questions from the audience, he imagines Longo standing in the back of the room.
Finkel is unable to respond.
Longo says if he has lost his freedom, Finkel must have also lost something.
A year later, title cards reveal that Longo admitted to killing his entire family.
The final title card says Finkel and Longo still speak on the first Sunday of every month.
Finkel never wrote for the "Times" again, but Longo has contributed articles to several publications from death row, including the "Times".
Production.
Filming.
Principal photography began in March 2013 in Warwick, New York and New York City.
Brad Pitt produced, along with several others, and Fox Searchlight Pictures distributed.
Music.
Marco Beltrami was hired on July 18, 2014, to write the film's music.
When Jill visits Longo in prison, she plays him a recording of "" (If you desire my death), a madrigal by the Italian renaissance composer Carlo Gesualdo.
Release.
The film was originally scheduled for a limited theatrical release on April 10, 2015.
That release date was delayed for one week in favor of a wide release.
Reception.
"True Story" has received mixed reviews from critics.
Fluent at the end of the nineteenth-century, her works were praised by her contemporaries of the African-American press.
Early life.
Her father was a runaway slave from Virginia, who was ordained as a Baptist minister after attending Oberlin College in 1842 and 1843.
He pastored for a few years at the Union Baptist Church of Cincinnati, making numerous mission trips to Canada.
After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 passed, he settled his family in Ontario, where they remained until 1859.
He himself involved in the press, publishing multiple times in The North Star and serving as editor of the The Provincial Freeman.
At that time, the family of six went to Haiti to investigate the possibility of settling there, but the prevalence of Catholicism made him turn his sights to Jamaica.
In 1863, he determined to return to the United States and settled again in Cincinnati, resuming his pastorate at Union Baptist.
He died in 1866 during a cholera epidemic.
Some accounts state that Newman's mother died after the family moved to Appleton, Wisconsin, and a 13-month illness ensued.
Others state that when the family moved to Appleton in 1867 following Rev.
Newman's death, the family matriarch was Newman's step-mother, Sarah Cleggett Newman.
The family lived a block away from the Cleggett family home in Appleton.
As the eldest daughter, Lucretia would have helped take care of her younger siblings and half-siblings.
In 1872, Newman enrolled in Lawrence University to study sciences, as one of the first black students at the university.
Some of her biographers have said that Newman graduated from Lawrence, but university archives show she was only there for two years and did not earn a degree.
The family left Appleton in 1876.
Career.
After her studies, Newman became a music teacher and worked in a dry goods store, later working as a teacher's assistant in Appleton.
In 1880, she worked as a teacher in Frankfort, Kentucky before being hired as a secretary and book keeper for the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1883 under Benjamin W. Arnett.
That year, she published "Lucille of Montana" in Our Women and Children to acclaim.
In 1884, her poem, "Apostraphe to Wendell Phillips," appeared in The Christian Recorder, though she may have been published in the "American Baptist" prior to that.
In 1884, Newman married Robert J. Coleman in Des Moines, Iowa.
They were very involved in public life in Minneapolis.
Lucretia was very involved in local clubs, creating a literary society serving on the board and as a member of many local clubs.
Her public service was honored by local youth in a 1889 testimonial dinner.
Their daughter, Alberta Roberta was born in 1886 while they lived in Minnesota.
Coleman's home included her brother Albert Newman.
Through the 1880s and 1890s, she published in such volumes as the "A.M.E. Church Review" and the "American Baptist" and her works were widely praised in black journals for the scientific and philosophical depth of the writing.
In 1891, her poem "Lucille of Montana", was serialized in American Baptist.
In 1892 she was appointed to the board of the Educators of Colored Youth, and in 1894, she served as a vice president of the Colored Authors' Association.
Throughout this time, the Coleman was the victim of regular domestic violence.
Finally, in 1901, Robert attempted to choke her and ultimately violently drove his wife and daughter out of their house, denying them access to her possessions.
In response, Coleman filed a complaint against Robert demanding her belongings, financial support, and a divorce.
She was taken in by sympathetic neighbors, and moved to Chicago after the divorce was settled.
In 1902, Robert was institutionalized, and so was unable to provide spousal support.
In Chicago, she may have written for a newspaper founded by her brother William, the "National Examiner."
At some point, she began working as secretary for evangelist Amanda Smith, until the Amanda Smith Orphanage and Industrial Home for Abandoned and Destitute Colored Children was closed in 1906 by the state.
She attempted to run various businesses over the next several years, including taking in children, real estate, and working as a seamstress.
She was briefly married to a local contractor, Archibald Goode, though the details of their marriage are unknown.
While she did not publish in this time formally, it is possible she ghostwrote or prepared documents.
She moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan to live with her daughter and son-in-law, where she died in 1948.
Galloping Goose Motorcycle Club (GGMC) is a one-percenter motorcycle club that began around a motorcycle racing team and friends based out of Los Angeles, California in the United States in 1942.
The group was informal and not chartered until 1946.
Soon after, the organization spread out from southern California, establishing chapters in Illinois, Missouri, Montana, Indiana, Wyoming, Kansas, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida.
Members of the Galloping Goose MC were at the 1947 Hollister Rally which was the basis for the 1954 film "The Wild One".
Original members of the club had a MC shop in Jacksonville and raced in numerous events including the Daytona race when it was still run on the beach.
The club has a close relationship with El Forastero Motorcycle Club.
An expert on outlaw motorcycle gangs from Missouri State Highway Patrol said the Galloping Goose were expanding into territory formerly controlled by the Pharaohs motorcycle club during the 1980s and 1990s.
He described them as a "one percenter club", which created their first support club name "Vieux-Doo Dawgs M.C."
This was established in Louisiana dated 1998.
Once established it took over another club, the Midwest Drifters, and uses them to run errands and provide cash.
It lies approximately west of Samborzec, west of Sandomierz, and south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Bristol Motor Speedway, formerly known as Bristol International Raceway and Bristol Raceway, is a NASCAR short track located in Bristol, Tennessee.
Constructed in 1960, it held its first NASCAR race on July 30, 1961.
Bristol is among the most popular tracks on the NASCAR schedule because of its distinct features, which include extraordinarily steep banking, an all-concrete surface, two pit roads, different turn radii, and stadium-like seating.
It has also been named one of the loudest NASCAR tracks.
Overview.
Bristol Motor Speedway is the fourth-largest sports venue in America and the tenth largest in the world, seating up to 146,000 people.
The speeds are far lower than is typical on most NASCAR oval tracks, but they are very fast compared to other short tracks due to the high banking.
Those features make for a considerable amount of car contact at the NASCAR races as the initial starting grid of 40 vehicles each in the Cup and Xfinity Series, and 32 in the Truck Series, extends almost halfway around the track, meaning slower qualifiers begin the race almost half a lap down.
The drag strip at this facility has long been nicknamed "Thunder Valley".
The late summer race (the popular night-time race, considered "the toughest ticket in NASCAR" to obtain) has rotated among several sponsors.
From 2016 to 2021, Bass Pro Shops became primary sponsor of the summer race, with the National Rifle Association as a secondary sponsor.
In 2022, Bass Pro Shops became the sole entitlement sponsor of Bristol's September NASCAR Playoff Race.
In 2004, it was the first Busch Series race of the season televised on broadcast network television, and the race, which had been 150 laps in 1982, 200 laps in 1984, and 250 laps since 1990, was a 300-lap race in 2006.
The Craftsman Truck Series ran a stand-alone race in June from 1995 to 1999 with the NASCAR Autozone Elite Division, Southeast Series.
Since 2003, the race has been a midweek (Wednesday) night race as part of the August night race weekend.
In 2009, the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour and the NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour ran a combined race prior to the truck race.
In 2017, the race was for the Whelen Modified Tour after NASCAR absorbed the Southern Modified Tour into the Modified Tour prior to the 2017 season.
Angle of banking.
The track long advertised its banking as 36 degrees, which at one time made it the most steeply banked track used by NASCAR.
However, BMS now lists its banking at 24 to 30 degrees, reflecting the results of the track's most recent resurfacing in 2007.
Even before the resurfacing, there was some dispute as to the accuracy of the measurement.
In the 1980s, ESPN often claimed the turns were banked at 35 degrees during television telecast of events at the track.
In an interview with "Stock Car Racing"'s Larry Cothren, driver Ryan Newman openly disputed the measurement of the banking of Bristol Motor Speedway's turns.
Newman's crew measured the banking during a test session to aid with setups, and found that the turns were banked 26 degrees, rather than the advertised 36 degrees.
Pit roads.
Another anomaly is that the short overall length means that there are two sets of pits, which also prevents a garage from being built due to limited space.
Until 2002, slower starters were relegated to those on the backstretch.
That year, the rules were changed to form essentially one long pit road.
This rule eliminated the inherent disadvantage of pitting on the back stretch.
Since the new pit rules were instituted, several drivers (most notably Jeff Gordon) have made major mistakes during green flag pit stops by driving through both pit roads when only one is necessary for green flag pit stops.
Track history.
Bristol Motor Speedway could very easily have opened in 1961 under a different name.
The first proposed site for the speedway was in Piney Flats, Tennessee, but, according to Carl Moore, who built the track along with Larry Carrier and R. G. Pope, the idea met local opposition.
So the track that could have been called Piney Flats International Speedway was built up the road on U.S. Highway 11-E in Bristol.
The land upon which Bristol Motor Speedway is built was formerly part of Gray's Dairy, at one point one of the largest dairies in the eastern half of the United States.
Larry Carrier and Carl Moore traveled to Charlotte Motor Speedway in 1960 to watch a race and it was then that they decided to build a speedway in northeast Tennessee.
However, they wanted a smaller model of CMS, something with a more intimate setting and opted to erect a facility instead of mirroring the track in Charlotte.
Work began on what was then called Bristol International Speedway in 1960 and it took approximately one year to finish.
Carrier, Moore and Pope scratched many ideas for the track on envelopes and brown paper bags.
The entire layout for BMS covered and provided parking for more than 12,000 cars.
Prior to this race the speedway hosted weekly races.
The first driver on the track for practice on July 27, 1961, was Tiny Lund in his Pontiac.
The second driver out was David Pearson.
Fred Lorenzen won the pole for the first race at BMS with a speed of .
However, Smith was not in the driver's seat of the Pontiac when the race ended.
Smith drove the first 290 laps then had to have Johnny Allen, also of Atlanta, take over as his relief driver.
Country music star Brenda Lee, who was 17 at the time, sang the national anthem for the first race at BMS.
A total of 42 cars started the first race at BMS but only 19 finished.
In the fall of 1969, BMS was reshaped and re-measured.
The speedway was sold after the 1976 season to Lanny Hester and Gary Baker.
In the spring of 1978, the track name was changed to Bristol International Raceway.
In August that year, the first night race was held on the oval, one that would become one of the most popular and highly anticipated events on the Cup Series calendar.
On April 1, 1982, Lanny Hester sold his half of the speedway to Warner Hodgdon.
On July 6, 1983, Hodgdon completed a 100 percent purchase of Bristol Motor Speedway, as well as Nashville Speedway, in a buy-sell agreement with Baker.
Hodgdon named Larry Carrier as the track's general manager.
On January 11, 1985, Hodgdon filed for bankruptcy.
Afterwards, Larry Carrier formally took possession of the speedway and covered all outstanding debts.
For many years, teams were unable to park their transporters inside the infield, nor did the track have any significant garage area.
Team transporters were parked in a lot outside of the track.
During racing periods, crews and participants were landlocked by the track, and thus, unable to return to the transporters for spare parts, repairs, or rest.
In the early 1990s, the infield was reconfigured and completely paved.
Teams began parking the transporters in an orchestrated, extremely tight arrangement that takes several hours, and highly skilled drivers, to accomplish.
Teams are now able to work out of their transporters in the same fashion as other facilities.
In 1992, the speedway abandoned the asphalt surface that it had used since its inception, switching to the concrete surface it is now famous for.
In 1995, Lights were installed around the track to run races with permanently installed lights instead of the use of trucks with temporary lighting which was used for the Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race from 1978 to 1994.
At the time of the sale, the facility seated 71,000.
On May 28 of the same year, the track's name was officially changed to Bristol Motor Speedway.
By August, 15,000 seats had been added bringing the seating capacity to 86,000.
BMS continued to grow and by April 1997, at 118,000 seats, it had surpassed the University of Tennessee's 102,000 seat Neyland Stadium to become the largest sports arena in Tennessee.
The speedway also boasted 22 new skyboxes.
For the 1998 Goody's 500, the speedway featured more than 131,000 grandstand seats and 100 skyboxes.
Under Smith's ownership, all seating sections have been renamed for past race winners and NASCAR champions.
The capacity for the 2000 Food City 500 was 147,000 as the Kulwicki Terrace and Kulwicki Tower were completed.
Both were named after NASCAR star Alan Kulwicki, who was the reigning Cup Series champion when he died in a plane crash in 1993 while on his way to the spring race at Bristol, which he won the previous year.
As a tribute to retiring star Darrell Waltrip, the entire Turn 3 and 4 sections were renamed in his honor in 2000, including a section of seats in Turn 4 near the start-finish line marked as alcohol free.
(Waltrip refused to drive for a team in 1987 because its sponsor was associated with alcoholic beverages.)
Sections were also named in honor of the Allison family and David Pearson as part of the renaming of grandstands.
In both 2000 and 2001, the track was temporarily converted to a dirt track to host the World of Outlaws' Channellock Challenge.
The conversion involved moving of red clay onto the track's surface. of sawdust were laid down first to cover the paved surface.
While the races proved to be very popular, the process of installing and removing a temporary surface required 14,000 truckloads of material to be shipped in and out of the track which wore heavily on the roads around the track.
As has been the case since the SMI purchase of BMS, improvements continued in and around the Speedway in 2002.
The season saw the addition of a long-awaited infield pedestrian tunnel, allowing access into and out of the infield during on-track activity.
Also in 2002, a new building was constructed in the infield to house driver meetings.
That same year also witnessed the christening of a new BMS Victory Lane atop the newly constructed building.
Kurt Busch won the 2002 Food City 500 on March 24 and became the first Cup winner in the new BMS winner's circle.
Additional improvements in 2002 included new scoreboards located on the facing of the suites in Turns 2 and 3.
On Monday, August 26, 2002, work began on the most ambitious construction project since SMI's purchase of BMS in 1996.
The entire backstretch, including the Speedway's last remaining concrete seats, was demolished.
The new backstretch increased the venue's seating capacity to more than 160,000.
The new backstretch includes three levels of seating and is topped with 52 luxury skybox suites.
A 5,000 seat section of the turn 1 and 2 grandstand, on top of the Alan Kulwicki Grandstand, is now named the Rusty Wallace Tower.
"Cars" director and NASCAR fan John Lasseter made it a 1-mile track, compared with Bristol's half-mile, to make the straightaways little longer for some of the scenes and allow for fans in the infield.
A Guinness World Record was set in August 2008 when the sell-out crowd completed the largest crowd-wave in history.
Another world record was set in August 2009 for the largest karaoke with a sold-out crowd.
Later, when the race was red flagged, the crowd performed the wave again, apparently tying the world record.
On Saturday, March 20, 2010, during the NASCAR "Saturday Night Showdown", where retired NASCAR drivers drove in a 35-lap race for charity, a terrifying crash involving Larry Pearson and Charlie Glotzbach ended up in a near-tragedy.
The race was put under immediate red flag.
Pearson spun out in turn 2, and as his car was sliding down the track, Glotzbach exited turn 2 and rammed into the driver's door of Pearson's car.
As Glotzbach climbed out of his car and went to the infield care center, Pearson was unconscious in his car while rescue workers sawed off the roof of the car to get him out.
After they got Pearson out, he regained consciousness, as reported by his brothers who talked to him.
They also reported that Larry was able to move his arms around.
Pearson was air lifted to a nearby hospital.
Later, Glotzbach was driven to the same hospital.
Before the race started back up, NASCAR legend David Pearson (Larry's father), who was also racing that day, withdrew from the race and went down to the hospital to see his son.
On the week ending August 21, 2010, Kyle Busch became the first driver ever to win races in all three NASCAR national series during a single race meeting.
He began the historic week by winning the Truck race on Wednesday.
Two days later, he won the Nationwide race following an incident with Brad Keselowski.
Late in the race, the two raced for the lead side-by-side before Keselowski bumped Busch during a pass.
Busch responded with a harder bump to Keselowski, spinning the latter out.
After the race, the two took verbal potshots at one another.
Then, during driver introductions immediately before the Cup series race, Keselowski introduced himself and then shouted "Kyle Busch is an ass!"
Ultimately, there were no on-track incidents between the two in the Cup race.
Busch also exchanged words with David Reutimann after the Cup race.
Busch would repeat this feat at Bristol in 2017, again winning all 3 races during a single race weekend.
In 2016 the scoring pylon was replaced by a large 4-sided display hung by cables over the center of the infield.
Named "Colossus TV", the track claims it is the largest outdoor-hung display of its kind in the world, with each screen measuring by .
BMS has announced a new event called the Short Track U.S. Nationals in May 2017.
Champion Racing Association will be the lead sanctioning body of the event.
The Super Late Model class is co-sanctioned with CRA Super Series, CARS Super Late Model Tour, and Southern Super Series cars.
Every year since 2016, PJ1 TrackBite is applied on the bottom of the track in an attempt to restore racing in the bottom groove that has been lost with changes to the banking in 2007 and 2012.
Bristol was again converted to a dirt track in the spring of 2021.
Both World of Outlaws events were dropped after the 2022 edition, whereas the Bristol Dirt Nationals was rebranded the Bristol Dirt Showcase for the 2023 edition.
Bristol Dragway.
In addition to the speedway, there is a dragstrip that hosts an annual NHRA event each year, the NHRA Thunder Valley Nationals.
The relationship ended when Bruton Smith took over its ownership.
The dragstrip has long been nicknamed "Thunder Valley" due to its location and surrounding scenery.
Bristol Dragway also hosts the Eastern Conference Finals for the Summit Jr.
Drag Racing League, the AMRA Thunder Valley Nitro Nationals, the Fall Fling, World Footbrake Challenge, and numerous bracket racing and street car events throughout the year.
Non-motorsports usage.
In the fall of 2002, students from Sullivan East High School in Bluff City, Tennessee, attended the skyboxes at the Speedway as temporary school facilities, due to an outbreak of black mold that closed the school for nearly 6 weeks.
In October 2010, Remote Area Medical held a health clinic on the infield of the track, providing free vision, dental and general-medical care to people who do not have medical insurance.
The free clinic at Bristol Motor Speedway has become an annual event with Tri-Cities Remote Area Medical continuing the service on the speedway's infield in the Spring of 2012 and again in Spring 2013.
During the holiday season, Bristol Motor Speedway hosts "Pinnacle Speedway in Lights", an event featuring christmas light displays along a 5-mile route around the Speedway and its grounds, as well as other activities.
The event benefits various local charities.
Bristol Motor Speedway has opened their campgrounds to evacuees of hurricanes, including during Hurricane Irma in 2017, Hurricane Florence in 2018, and Hurricane Dorian in 2019.
In early 2021, Bristol was one of several NASCAR tracks that were used as distribution facilities for the COVID-19 vaccine.
Football.
In 1961, the track hosted a National Football League preseason game between the Philadelphia Eagles and Washington Redskins.
Smith suggested that grass could be grown in the infield section of the racetrack.
Virginia Tech showed much interest and nearly agreed to the proposal, but UT, on the other hand, showed little or no interest and in fact avoided the offer which made this possibility ultimately fall by the wayside.
On October 14, 2013, after years of attempts to schedule a game, Virginia Tech, UT, and Bristol Motor Speedway announced plans for the game to be held on Saturday, September 10, 2016.
Organizers envisioned attendance for the non-conference game, dubbed the "Battle at Bristol", to draw 150,000 spectators, which would surpass the current NCAA record for highest single-game attendance of 115,109 then held by Michigan.
On September 17, the local East Tennessee State Buccaneers played their scheduled Southern Conference home game against the Western Carolina Catamounts at BMS, an event billed as "Bucs at Bristol".
This was ETSU's first Southern Conference home game since dropping football after the 2003 season, not reinstating the sport until 2015.
Bridgefy is a Mexican software company with offices in Mexico and California, the United States, dedicated to developing mesh-networking technology for mobile apps.
It was founded circa 2014 by Jorge Rios, after conceiving the idea while participating in a tech competition called StartupBus.
Bridgefy's smartphone ad hoc network technology, apparently using Bluetooth Mesh, is licensed to other apps.
The app gained popularity during protests in different countries since it can operate without Internet, using Bluetooth instead.
Aware of the security issues of not using cryptography and the criticism surrounding it, Bridgefy announced in late October 2020 that they adopted the Signal protocol, in both their app and SDK, to keep information private, though security researchers have demonstrated that Bridgefy's usage of the Signal Protocol is insecure.
Usage.
Security.
In response to the disclosures, developers acknowledged that "no part of the Bridgefy app is encrypted now" and gave a vague promise to release a new version "encrypted with top security protocols".
Later developers said they plan to switch to Signal Protocol, which is widely recognized by cryptographers and used by Signal and WhatsApp.
However, in 2022, the same security researchers, now including Kenny Paterson, published a paper describing how Bridgefy's usage of the Signal Protocol is incorrect, failing to remedy the previously discovered issues.
The researchers performed a demonstration showing that it was possible for users to intercept messages intended for others without the sender noticing.
Teo Soh Lung v Minister for Home Affairs is the name of two cases of the Singapore courts, a High Court decision delivered in 1989 and the 1990 judgment in the appeal from that decision to the Court of Appeal.
The cases were concerned with the constitutionality of amendments made to the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore and the Internal Security Act ("ISA") in 1989.
The latter statute authorizes detention without trial on security grounds.
These amendments had the effect of changing the law on judicial review of executive discretion under the ISA by re-establishing the subjective test enunciated in the 1971 High Court decision "Lee Mau Seng v Minister for Home Affairs" which had been overruled in 1988 by "Chng Suan Tze v Minister for Home Affairs", and limiting the right of judicial review to ensuring compliance with procedures specified in the ISA.
In other words, the amendments were intended to render the exercise of power by the President and the Minister for Home Affairs under the ISA to detain persons without trial not justiciable by the courts.
Both the High Court and Court of Appeal found that these amendments were constitutional because Parliament had done nothing more than enact the rule of law relating to the law applicable to judicial review.
Thus, the amendments validly operated to deprive the applicant Teo Soh Lung of the ability to apply to the courts for judicial review.
Another significant feature of these cases was the "basic features doctrine".
A doctrine developed by the Supreme Court of India and now a part of Indian constitutional law, the High Court held that the doctrine, which curtails Parliament's ability to amend the Constitution, did not apply in Singapore as this would amount to usurpation of Parliament's legislative function contrary to Article 58 of the Constitution.
A contrary opinion is that the basic features doctrine is necessary to provide a legal safeguard for the basic structure of the Constitution.
Facts.
On 21 May 1987, Teo Soh Lung, a lawyer, was detained under the Internal Security Act ("ISA") of Singapore together with other persons for purported involvement in a conspiracy to overthrow the Government by force and replace it with a Marxist state.
The detention order was suspended on 26 September 1987 subject to the execution of a bond and compliance with certain conditions.
However, the suspension direction was later revoked by the Minister for Home Affairs on 19 April 1988 and Teo was rearrested and detained.
Teo's application for a writ of "habeas corpus" succeeded before the Court of Appeal in "Chng Suan Tze v. Minister for Home Affairs" ("Chng Suan Tze") as there was insufficient evidence of the President's satisfaction that her detention without trial was necessary to prevent her from acting in a manner prejudicial to the security of Singapore or the maintenance of public order, pursuant to section 8(1) of the ISA.
Although Teo was released on 8 December 1988, she was re-arrested almost immediately under a new detention order.
The Government responded to "Chng Suan Tze" within two weeks after the decision was made.
It amended the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore and the ISA by enacting the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 1989 and the Internal Security (Amendment) Act 1989, which respectively came into force on 27 and 30 January 1989.
The amendments were expressed to operate retrospectively.
The enactment of the ISA, which provides for detention without trial for up to two years, was a conspicuous exercise of this power.
In addition, the addition of a reference to Articles 11 and 12 of the Constitution to Article 149(1) ensured that the ISA is valid even if it is inconsistent with five out of the eight fundamental liberties enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution.
Parliament was able to pass these legislative amendments without difficulty to diminish the effect of "Chng Suan Tze" because a large majority of the Members of Parliament belong to one political party, the People's Action Party.
Further, Singapore has a unicameral legislature, so all legislative power is concentrated in one body.
The legislative body is "practically fused with the executive via the Cabinet".
In "Teo Soh Lung", Teo applied again for "habeas corpus" to be released from detention.
She sought to argue that the amendments did not deprive her of the right to judicial review of the legality, rationality and constitutionality of her detention and, in the alternative, if they did, the amendments were unconstitutional.
High Court judgment.
Exclusion of judicial review.
Before the High Court, counsel for Teo, Anthony Lester Q.C., sought judicial review of the acts and decisions of the President or the Minister for Home Affairs which were purported to have been exercised under the powers conferred by section 8 of the ISA, submitting that the powers had been used for improper purposes, and in a manner which was illegal, irrational and unconstitutional.
He also argued that since the Minister and the President, acting on advice of the Cabinet, had acted in bad faith and for improper purposes, they had acted outside the scope of the powers conferred by the ISA.
Hence, the acts and decisions were null and void.
Justice Frederick Arthur Chua ruled that the amendments to Article 149 and to the ISA did have the effect of depriving the applicant of her right to judicial review of the legality, rationality and constitutionality of her detention under the ISA.
Other matters mentioned in that judgment were merely "obiter dicta".
Therefore, although it had been held in "Chng Suan Tze" that the President's satisfaction under section 8(1) of the ISA was objective and thus reviewable by the court, these observations did not apply to the present proceedings in the light of the new provisions in the ISA.
Section 8B(1), which stated that the law governing the judicial review of any decision made or act done in pursuance of any power conferred upon the President or the Minister by the Act shall be the same as was applicable and declared in Singapore on 13 July 1971, reaffirmed the law governing judicial review as laid down in the High Court's 1971 decision "Lee Mau Seng v. Minister for Home Affairs", which was rendered on that date.
Thus, the section had the effect of making a subjective test applicable to the exercise of powers under sections 8 and 10 of the ISA.
Section 8B(2) provided that there was to be judicial review only in regard to any question relating to compliance with any procedural requirement of the ISA governing such act or decision.
If the discretion exercised by the President and the Minister under sections 8 and 10 was subjective, the court could not assess whether the powers conferred on the President and the Minister by sections 8 and 10 were exercised legally.
The applicant had the burden of proof of showing that her detention was unlawful as the respondents had adduced a valid detention order and evidence of the President's subjective satisfaction that she should be detained.
Furthermore, "Lee Mau Seng" had held that bad faith is not a justiciable issue in the ISA context.
Counsel for Teo argued that the House of Lords decision in "Anisminic Ltd. v. Foreign Compensation Commission" was applicable on the facts.
In "Anisminic" it was held that an ouster clause in a statute does not deprive a court from exercising judicial review.
Chua J. took the view that "Anisminic" was distinguishable.
At the most, the case decided there was a presumption that an ouster clause did not prevent a court from inquiring whether a public authority had been acting outside its jurisdiction when making an administrative decision.
However, it was clear from the provisions of the ISA that it was for the Executive to determine whether, as a matter of policy and judgment, certain activities were prejudicial to national security.
Since the Minister had stated that the Cabinet and the President acting in accordance with the Cabinet's advice were satisfied that Teo had acted in a manner prejudicial to the security of Singapore by being involved in a Marxist conspiracy to establish a socialist state, allowing the court to investigate into the good faith of the President or the Minister would be inconsistent with the scheme intended by Parliament.
Constitutionality of the amendments and the basic features doctrine.
Counsel for Teo also argued that the purported amendments to Article 149 of the Constitution were contrary to the supreme law of the Constitution and thus were not valid amendments.
Alternatively, if the Article 149 amendments were valid, the ISA amendments did not come within the legislative powers conferred by Article 149 and were thus void.
Under Article 5(1), the Constitution may be amended by a law enacted by the Legislature.
However, the purported Article 149 amendments were not a "law" within the meaning of Article 5(1), as they were an attempt by the Government to cause Teo's pending court proceedings (a tort claim, a judicial review application and the present "habeas corpus" application) to fail.
Therefore, they amounted to judicial rather legislative action.
Further, relying on the Indian Supreme Court cases "Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala" (1973), "Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India" (1980) and "P. Sambamurthy v. State of Andhra Pradesh" (1986), Parliament's powers to amend the Constitution were limited by implied limitations derived from the basic structure of the Constitution itself.
Since the Constitution was founded on the basis of separation of powers, Parliament was not empowered to amend the Constitution in a manner which acted retrospectively and allowed it to usurp judicial power, which amounted to judicial action.
Teo's counsel also submitted that Article 149(1) imposed the overriding requirement that legislation enacted pursuant to the new Article 149(3) had to be "designed to stop or prevent" subversive action of the kind specified in Articles 149(1)(a) to (e).
The purported ISA amendments were void because they were not intended to stop or prevent subversive action.
Rather, they were enacted to prevent "acts done and decisions made in bad faith, for improper purposes, irrelevant to the stopping or prevention of subversive action" from being judicially reviewed by a court, and to retrospectively deprive the applicant of the benefit of the judgment in her favour in "Chng Suan Tze".
Chua J. rejected the application of the basic features doctrine in Singapore.
He reasoned that a constitutional amendment, being part of the Constitution itself, can never be invalid if the procedure for amendment is complied with.
If the framers of the Constitution had intended limitations on the power of amendment, they would have expressly provided for such limitations.
Furthermore, if the courts were allowed to impose limitations on the legislative power to amend, they would be usurping Parliament's legislative function, contrary to Article 58.
In any case, Chua J. did not agree that Parliament had violated the basic structure of the Constitution.
The subjective test reinserted into the ISA had served the national security interests of Singapore for a long time.
The amendments merely reaffirmed the law which the courts had followed since "Lee Mau Seng", and ensured that the legislative intent behind the ISA was not disregarded.
Moreover, nothing in the amendments was unrelated to national security.
A reaffirmation of the original principles could not be said to be objectionable as usurping judicial power or being contrary to the rule of law.
The rule of law had not been abolished by legislation, as Parliament had done no more than to enact the rule of law relating to judicial review.
Court of Appeal judgment.
On appeal to the Court of Appeal, Teo made primarily the same arguments that had been raised before the High Court.
Notably, regarding the freezing of common law via the statute, the Court of Appeal observed that the language of section 8B(1) of the ISA was plain and unambiguous, and excluded the application of any law in any Commonwealth country "before, on or after" 13 July 1971, the date of the decision of "Lee Mau Seng".
It reinstated "Lee Mau Seng" as "the applicable and declared law governing judicial review" under the ISA.
The appeal was dismissed.
Significance of the decisions.
Exclusion of judicial review.
The "Teo Soh Lung" decisions cannot be read apart from "Chng Suan Tze" and the series of legislative and constitutional amendments made by Parliament.
The amendments had the effect of ousting review by the Judiciary and the Privy Council in situations of preventive detention.
"Chng Suan Tze" has been dubbed the "single most important constitutional decision in the Singaporean nation".
It declared that the idea of any official power being non-justiciable is contrary to the Constitution.
The Court's endorsement of the objective standard of review meant that judges could examine whether the Executive's action was in fact based on national security considerations, as well as whether such action fell within the scope of section 8(1) of the ISA.
All power has legal limits and the rule of law demands that the courts should be able to examine the exercise of discretionary power."
It declared that the idea of any official power being non-justiciable violated equality before the law and equal protection of the law because a limitless power is a licence for the Executive to take arbitrary action.
Following the amendments to the Constitution and the ISA, the High Court in "Teo Soh Lung" had the opportunity to reassert the principles set down in "Chng Suan Tze".
However, it declined to strike down the amendments, instead holding that the amendments were constitutional because, among other reasons, Parliament had satisfied the formal requirements laid down in the Constitution for making the amendments.
The view has been expressed that the Court took a "thin" and positivist approach, and that this reasoning seems to imply that the courts will not question any legislation as long as it is procedurally sound, a regression from "Chng".
Confining judicial review to ensuring compliance with procedures set out in the ISA diminishes the protective role of the Judiciary, and the Court failed to consider whether the safeguards in the ISA are sufficient once judicial supervision is removed.
Whether judicial review can be excluded through executive decision remains a live issue because the 1989 amendments to the ISA reverted the law on judicial review applicable to the ISA to the date that "Lee Mau Seng" was decided.
However, "Lee Mau Seng" appears to be bad law since it was overruled by the Court of Appeal in "Chng Suan Tze".
Furthermore, as a High Court decision, "Lee Mau Seng" may not be the final word on judicial review of action taken under the ISA.
In addition, if detainees allege procedural impropriety, this allows a court to consider if there are procedural defects in the Executive's decision-making process, such as the taking into account of irrelevant considerations.
Finally, ouster clauses are not barriers to judicial review in modern administrative law because courts can still step in to prevent jurisdictional errors of law.
It is difficult to reconcile the Government's attempt to freeze the law relating to judicial review of acts and decisions taken under the ISA as at 13 July 1971 with doctrines such as the rule of law, judicial independence and the separation of powers.
One academic view is that courts should not assume that the ISA has frozen the entirety of the law on judicial review as at 13 July 1971.
This is because the statute "does not substitute a new, detailed regime covering all the various issues, such as grounds of review, the rules of natural justice, the meaning of ultra vires, remedies and locus standi".
The further development of such matters in the common law should not be ignored.
Furthermore, the freezing of the law rejects judicial independence.
Rutter believes that as long as the subject matter of judicial review remains within the common law, "courts are the proper and only authentic expositors of what the law is at any given time".
Basic features doctrine.
"Teo Soh Lung" is also significant because the High Court denied the application of the basic features doctrine in Singapore.
This doctrine, first developed in Indian case law, prevents attempted constitutional amendments which abrogate any of its "basic structure" or "essential features" even if the procedural requirements for constitutional amendments are met.
In Malaysia, the basic features doctrine was also found to be inapplicable by the Federal Court in "Phang Chin Hock v. Public Prosecutor".
The Court remarked that the Indian Constitution was not drafted by "mere mortals", while the same could not be said for the Malaysian Constitution.
The Indian Constitution was drafted by a constituent assembly representative of the Indian people in territorial, racial and community terms, while both the Malaysian and Singapore Constitutions were enacted by ordinary legislatures.
Reliance on the drawing of distinctions between the Indian Constitution on the one hand and the Malaysian and Singapore Constitutions on the other on the basis of the history of their framing has been criticized as weak and inadequate.
A contrary opinion notes that the basic features doctrine is necessary to provide a legal safeguard for the basic structure of the Constitution.
The less permanence judges attach to the Constitution the more easily it can be eroded, and the less stability is accorded to the "supreme law of the land".
With the dominance of one party in the Singapore Parliament, it is all the more important to protect the essential features of Singapore's Constitution.
Nonetheless, the rejection of the basic features doctrine may have paved the way for fundamental changes to be made to the Singapore Constitution over the years, including the introduction of Group Representation Constituencies, Non-constituency Members of Parliament, Nominated Members of Parliament and the Elected President.
Until 6 October 2008 it was known as Saint-Martin.
Biography.
According to the RKD he was a pupil of Jan Willem Pieneman and became a member of the Koninklijke Academie in Amsterdam in 1845.
He is known for winter landscapes and became the father of the painters Jacob Jan Coenraad Spohler and Johannes Franciscus Spohler.
 is a Prefectural Natural Park in northern Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
First designated for protection in 1935, the park's central feature is the Tone River.
Trophonella scotiana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
Distribution.
SABC NEWS is both a South African 24-hour news channel owned by the South African Broadcasting Corporation as well as the name of the news division of the broadcaster.
History.
The News Service was established in June 1950, replacing the programmes of the BBC.
Although this was because the BBC broadcasts were seen as giving a British viewpoint of current affairs, there were also concerns that the SABC service would become overly pro-government, or "Our Master's Voice".
By 1968, it had over 100 full-time reporters in the main cities and local correspondents all over the country, with overseas news provided by Reuters, AFP, AP and UPI.
There was a News Film Unit which, prior to television in 1976, produced films for news agencies and television organisations.
In 2003, Africa 2 Africa was merged with SABC Africa to create a hybrid service, drawing programming from both sources.
SABC Africa closed in August 2008 after the SABC's contract with DStv was not renewed.
In 2007, the SABC launched a 24-hour international news channel, SABC News International, but closed in 2010.
The population was 136 as of 2010.
Geography.
Karatamak is located 14 km west of Burayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road.
Biography.
Jacks was born in Monmouth, the second child and first daughter to General Practitioners Alasdair and Susanna.
She had an older brother and a younger sister.
Education.
Jacks went to Haberdashers' Monmouth School for Girls and attended Imperial College, London, graduating with a first class degree in chemical engineering.
Competitive rowing.
Jacks won a number of gold medals at the National Schools Championships, and represented Great Britain at under-16 level for two consecutive years.
She was part of the Welsh eight at the 2006 Commonwealth Rowing Championships at Strathclyde Park in Motherwell, Scotland, winning silver with the Welsh team.
Death.
Due to start a job with an engineering consultancy company in summer 2010, Jacks took a gap year in South America from 2009 to improve her Spanish.
First volunteering at an orphanage in Ecuador, she then trekked along the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, before travelling to Lake Titicaca in Peru, the world's highest navigable lake at a height of .
Jacks died of an apparent dose of altitude sickness, which affects human beings above , on 16 May 2010.
Mamathe is a 1968 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by Y. R. Swamy and produced by S. Heerabai.
The film stars Kalyan Kumar, Leelavathi, B. Vijayalakshmi and Narasimharaju.
The 2004 Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer season was the 14th season of men's varsity soccer in the conference.
He came to Canterbury in 1844, several years before organised settlement started.
Early life.
Peacock was born in 1827 in the Hawkesbury district, New South Wales, Australia.
He attended Sydney College.
The family arrived in Lyttelton in 1844.
Settlement organised by the Canterbury Association started in December 1850, so the Peacocks were in the colony at an early stage.
His father was a hard worker.
They did not have any children, but adopted Janey, the ex-nuptial daughter of a family servant.
On 14 June 1877, Janey married Alexander McRae.
The Peacocks were generous to their adopted daughter and her children.
Janey's husband was unfaithful and violent and their marriage was dissolved exactly ten years later.
Life in New Zealand.
Peacock was a merchant and later owned several ships.
He had Peacock's Wharf built, the first substantial place for landing a boat in Lyttelton.
He traded as "J.T.
Peacock and Co.", had a large trade and was successful enough that he could retire from trading in 1863, aged 37.
In the same year, he built his residence 'Hawkesbury' in Merivale ().
The property was surrounded by Papanui Road, Mansfield Avenue and St Albans Street and four gardeners were employed for the upkeep of the gardens.
An archery ground, a bowling green, a tennis court and a swimming pool were on the grounds.
The house was demolished in 1920 and the land subdivided.
Peacock was involved with many companies, often on the board of directors.
By buying the plant for the Kaiapoi Woollen Manufacturing Company, he enabled the success of this industry for the region.
He was chairman of the local board of directors of the London-based Alliance Assurance Company, and a director of the Union Insurance Company, which he co-founded.
He held directorships of the Christchurch Meat Company, the Permanent Investment and Loan Association of Canterbury, and the New Zealand Shipping Company.
He was a director of "The Press".
He was one of the largest owners of the Christchurch Tramway Company.
Political career.
Peacock was on the Canterbury Provincial Council from 1861 to 1866 representing Lyttelton, and from 1868 to the abolition of provincial government in 1876 representing Papanui.
He was Secretary of Public Works during the Rolleston superintendency.
He was a justice of the peace.
The borough of St Albans was formed in December 1881.
On 14 December 1881, Peacock was elected mayor unopposed.
The inaugural meeting of the borough council was held on 3 January 1882.
On 22 November 1882, his term expired and he was the only candidate for the position.
Hence, he was declared elected for a second term as mayor.
J. L. Wilson was the only candidate for mayor on 20 November 1883 and was declared elected.
Another local political role included membership of the Lyttelton Harbour Board for over 20 years, including chairmanship.
Peacock was elected unopposed to Parliament at a 2 November 1868 by-election in the Lyttelton electorate and took the oath and his seat on 11 June 1869.
He was confirmed in the 1871 election for Lyttelton, again elected unopposed.
In early April 1873, Peacock was promoted to the New Zealand Legislative Council (the upper house).
He resigned from Parliament on 5 April 1873.
The resulting by-election on 19 May 1873 was won by Henry Richard Webb.
Peacock was a member of the Legislative Council until his death, although in 1877 he had been reappointed after "Disqualification by inadvertence".
Family life.
Peacock had three brothers-in-law as fellow Members of Parliament.
Brown represented the Ashley electorate from 1871 to 1879, and the St Albans electorate from 1881 to 1884.
He married one of Peacock's sisters in 1857 in Sydney and emigrated to New Zealand in 1868.
He represented the Lyttelton electorate from 1873 to 1875.
The McDougall residence Fitzroy was later gifted to Nurse Maud and is still in use as a hospital, located between Mansfield and McDougall Avenues.
He married Peacock's oldest sister, Elizabeth.
He came to New Zealand in 1864, and succeeded Brown in the St Albans electorate from 1884-87.
When Brown bought property in 1875 in what was to become Browns Road, he moved into the neighbourhood of Peacock and Garrick.
Peacock's wife died suddenly and unexpectedly on 19 August 1894 at their residence, aged 59.
Two days earlier, the Peacocks had celebrated their 40th wedding anniversary.
Whilst this was lawful, it was outside of the social norms.
The Peacocks were active in the Wesleyan Church.
Peacock died on 20 October 1905 at his residence Hawkesbury.
He was survived by his second wife and two stepsons.
He was interred at Linwood Cemetery on 21 October.
Peacock's second wife Janey died in 1918, aged 65.
The mausoleum is boarded up to protect it from weather and vandalism.
In 2012, the plywood was painted by artist and Linwood Cemetery Trustee Anne Holloway with paint donated by Dulux for community projects.
The mural was officially unveiled on 26 May 2012.
Commemoration.
Peacock bequeathed a substantial sum of money to the Christchurch Beautifying Association "for the purpose of beautifying the reserves and gardens in the City of Christchurch and improving the Avon River."
The colourful Peacock Fountain was erected in the Botanic Gardens.
The fountain spent many decades in storage, but has been on display again since 1996.
Captain Joseph Thomas built the first jetty at Lyttelton, in time for the arrival of the First Four Ships in December 1850.
Peacock built the second wharf, in 1857, which was named in his honour.
His obituary in the "Christchurch Press" says that it was the first landing-place in Lyttelton of any importance.
The wharf was sold, together with Peacock's other business, to Turner and Buchanan, who in turn sold it to the Lyttelton Harbour Board in 1877.
Peacock's Wharf, albeit in much modified and enlarged form, still exists, but is these days simply called "No 7 Wharf".
Peacock Street in the Christchurch Central City is named after John Thomas Peacock.
Hawkesbury Avenue was named after the New South Wales birth district of Peacock.
Peacocks Gallop is a reserve in Sumner on reclaimed land between the former tram line (now Main Road) and some high cliffs.
Datolite is a calcium boron hydroxide nesosilicate, CaBSiO4(OH).
Datolite crystallizes in the monoclinic system forming prismatic crystals and nodular masses.
The luster is vitreous and may be brown, yellow, light green or colorless.
The Mohs hardness is 5.5 and the specific gravity is 2.8 - 3.0.
The type localities are in the diabases of the Connecticut River valley and Arendal, Aust-Agder, Norway.
Associated minerals include prehnite, danburite, babingtonite, epidote, native copper, calcite, quartz and zeolites.
It is common in the copper deposits of the Lake Superior region of Michigan.
It occurs as a secondary mineral in mafic igneous rocks often filling vesicles along with zeolites in basalt.
Unlike most localities throughout the world, the occurrence of datolite in the Lake Superior region is usually fine grained in texture and possesses colored banding.
Much of the coloration is due to the inclusion of copper or associated minerals in progressive stages of hydrothermal precipitation.
Iselle di Trasquera railway station () serves the village of Iselle and municipality of Trasquera, in the region of Piedmont, northwestern Italy.
Opened in 1906, the station is at the southern portal of the Simplon tunnel, on the Simplon line, between Brig, Switzerland and Domodossola, Italy.
It is also the border station between Italy and Switzerland.
All rail services to and from the station are operated by BLS AG, a Swiss company.
Location.
The station is situated at Via Stazione, immediately to the south of the southern portal of the Simplon Tunnel, which passes underneath the border between Switzerland and Italy.
The village of Iselle, which gave its name to the station, is about upstream on the river Diveria, towards the Simplon Pass.
History.
A monument in memory of the deceased workers of the Simplon Tunnel was erected on 29 May 1905.
The "Daily Mail" Circuit of Britain air race was a British cross-country air race that took place from 1911 until 1914, with prizes donated by the "Daily Mail" newspaper on the initiative of its proprietor, Lord Northcliffe.
It was one of several races and awards offered by the paper between 1906 and 1925.
The 1911 race took place on 22 July and was a event with 11 compulsory stops and a circular route starting and finishing at Brooklands in Surrey.
It was cancelled due to the outbreak of the First World War. 1911 competition.
The 1911 Daily Mail Circuit of Britain was a contest for the fastest completion of a course around Great Britain.
The contest was run by the Royal Aero Club and was held between 22 July 1911 and 5 August 1911.
It was decided that the competition would be a tour round Great Britain and a committee of the Royal Aero Club was formed to set the rules and organize the competition on behalf of the Daily Mail.
The circuit was to start and finish at Brooklands, and the competitors had to land at Hendon, Harrogate, Newcastle, Edinburgh, Stirling, Glasgow, Carlisle, Manchester, Bristol, Exeter, Salisbury and Brighton.
Stage 1 Brooklands to Hendon.
The race began at Brooklands on 22 July 1911 with a short section to Hendon Aerodrome.
Only 21 of the 30 competitors started and 19 headed for Hendon, of which 17 arrived.
Stage 2 Hendon to Edinburgh.
Total distance with stops at Stirling, Glasgow, Carlisle, and Manchester.
Five started from Edinburgh but only four made it to Bristol, they were all to complete the contest.
Stage 4 Bristol to Brighton.
Total distance with stops at Exeter, Salisbury Plain.
Stage 5 Brighton to Brooklands.
Beaumont was the first to arrive back on 26 July 1911 - 1 hour 10 minutes before his fellow Frenchman Jules Vedrines - he had travelled in 22 hours 28 min 18 sec.
Valentine arrived back on 4 August 1911, followed the next day by Cody, who was the fourth and the last to arrive at Brooklands on 5 August 1911. 1913 competition.
She was born in Girard, Kansas, the daughter of physician Henry Winfield Haldeman and his wife Alice.
Alice was the sister of social activist Jane Addams, with whom Marcet maintained a close relation until the end of the Addams's life.
Marcet studied at the Rockford Seminary for Young Ladies ("alma mater" also of her aunt Jane) and then the Dearborn Seminary in Chicago, until the death of her father in 1905, followed by Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.
While at Bryn Mawr she became one of the closest friends and confidantes of the poet Marianne Moore.
After three years she left the college to continue her stage acting, graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1910.
Between 1910 and 1915 she performed with the Orpheum Players and other stock companies in Newark, New York, Montreal, St. Louis and other cities, under the name Jean Marcet.
Marcet's father and mother ran the Bank of Girard.
When her mother Alice died in 1915, Marcet once again returned to her hometown, where she took over management of the bank.
That same year she founded The Jolly Club in nearby Radley, for the benefit of the many young immigrants (from numerous countries, but especially Italy) who had come to work in the area's mines.
The Jolly Club provided English lessons, practical training and safe diversion.
The following year she began to found other clubs as well, including one for younger boys and an Italian language club.
These became quite popular and in 1921 she turned one of them into a school, where she taught.
In 1916 she married activist and publisher Emanuel Julius.
At her aunt Jane's suggestion, both partners adopted the surname Haldeman-Julius.
They wrote both separately and together, their most well-known collaboration being the 1921 novel "Dust".
"She travelled to the Soviet Union in 1931-1932 to report on the status of the Russian Revolution for "The American Freeman".
In 1932 she was a delegate to the National Convention of the Socialist Party of America and that same year Emanuel ran for Senate on the Socialist Party ticket.
1910).
Marcet died of cancer in Girard in 1941 and is buried in Cedarville, Illinois.
I loved, and did a little work.
I am not, and am content."
Her papers are held at Kansas State University Libraries, Bryn Mawr, Pittsburg State University, the University of Illinois at Chicago and Indiana University.
Crossing Bridges is a live 2004 album by Mark O'Connor, Carol Cook, and Natalie Haas.
It was recorded at May 22 - May 24 performances in Spivey Hall, Clayton College, and State University, Morrow, Georgia.
It contains pieces written by O'Connor's for the earlier Appalachia Waltz and Appalachian Journey albums, as well as two new ones, "Olympic Reel (Medley)" and "Blackberry Mull".
"Olympic Reel" was written for the 1996 Summer Olympics, and segues into a medley of the other fiddle tunes and styles of the trio member's cultures, Scottish, Irish, and Texan folk music.
"Blackberry Mull" was based on an old folk song called "Blackberry Blossom".
The songs arranged for violin, viola, and cello.
Susan Helen Heon (born May 31, 1962), later known by her married name Susan Preston, is an American former competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
Tea is a high-level scripting language for the Java environment.
It combines features of Scheme, Tcl, and Java.
Interpreter alternatives.
Tea is a proprietary language.
Its interpreter is subject to a non-free license.
John Edgar Thomas Anderson (born 18 May 1948) is a Northern Irish composer, editor, arranger, TV producer and director, record producer and radio presenter.
Early life.
Anderson was born in Belfast in Northern Ireland.
As a young child he grew up on the Rathcoole estate on the outskirts of Belfast, and attended Whitehouse Primary School, where he would learn the piano and sing in the choir.
He would later attend the Royal Belfast Academical Institution where he studied Music, English, French and Spanish at A-Level in 1966.
He later graduated as a Bachelor of Music (with Honours) in 1969.
In 1971, he was appointed to be Assistant Director of Music at Methodist College Belfast.
A post he would hold for the next seven years.
Career.
Anderson worked as a Producer and TV Studio Director for UTV and BBC NI.
John Anderson Big Band.
Anderson is known for the John Anderson Big Band, which had chart hits with the Glenn Miller Medley and In the Mood.
He is also known for producing the basis for the Jive Bunny hits.
Radio.
Anderson produced and presented a long-running, one-hour weekly radio show on BBC Radio Ulster.
From 2007-2018 Anderson produced and presented a weekly series for BBC Radio Ulster, called "Sing Out".
It was debuted in Belfast at the SSE Odyssey Arena in May 2004.
It has been broadcast across the USA from coast to coast on PBS in 2005., and was also broadcast to Australia.
It has been distributed on DVD by Foreign Media Music (Netherlands).
He was the only child of Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath and his Ukrainian wife Catherine Desnitski (later Mom Catherine Na Phitsanulok).
He was a grandson of King Chulalongkorn.
Early life and education.
Prince Chula Chakrabongse was born on 28 March 1908 in Paruskavan Palace, Bangkok, with the title Mom Chao ("His Serene Highness").
Later his uncle, King Vajiravudh, raised him the higher rank of "Phra Chao Worawong Thoe Phra Ong Chao" ("His Royal Highness" Prince) and changed his name to "Chunlachakkraphong".
Palace officials affectionately called him "the Little Prince" ( "Than Phraong Nu").
When very young, Prince Chula was sent to study in the United Kingdom, where he spent his teenage years, attending Harrow School.
He graduated with Bachelor and Master from Trinity College, University of Cambridge.
There is a granite drinking bowl at Mitchem's Corner in Cambridge, donated in 1934 in memory of Prince Chula's dog called Tony.
Possibility of crown.
King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) abdicated in 1935 due to political quarrels with the new quasi-democratic government as well as health problems.
The king decided to abstain from exercising his prerogative to name a successor to the throne.
By that time, the crown had already passed from Prince Mahidol's line to that of his half-brother's when his eldest full brother, Crown Prince Maha Vajirunhis, died as a teenager during King Chulalongkorn's reign.
A half-brother, Prince Vajiravudh (as the next eldest) replaced Prince Vajirunhis as the crown prince.
He eventually succeeded to the throne in 1910 as King Rama VI.
In 1924 the king instituted the Palace Law of Succession in order to govern subsequent successions.
The law gave priority to the children of his mother Queen Regent Saovabha Phongsri over the children of King Chulalongkorn's two other royal wives.
The law was enacted on the death of King Vajiravudh in 1925 and the crown passed to his youngest brother, Prince Prajadhipok of Sukhothai.
Offering the throne to Prince Prajadhipok was not without a debate.
It was questioned whether the Succession Law enacted by King Vajiravudh actually barred Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath (and for that matter, Prince Chula Chakrabongse) from succession on the grounds that he married a foreigner (Russian).
However, his marriage had taken place before this law was enacted and had been endorsed by King Chulalongkorn himself.
There was no clear resolution, but in the end the many candidates were passed over and Prince Prajadhipok was enthroned.
It thus appeared that Prince Ananda Mahidol would be the first person in the royal line of succession.
Nevertheless, the same debate over the half-foreign Prince Chula Chakrabongse occurred again.
It was argued that King Vajiravudh had virtually exempted the prince's father from the ban in the Succession Law, and the crown might thus be passed to him.
However, since the kingdom was now governed under a constitution, it was the cabinet that would decide.
Opinion was split on the right to succession of Prince Chula Chakrabongse.
A key figure was Pridi Phanomyong, who persuaded the cabinet that the Law should be interpreted as excluding the prince from succession, and that Prince Ananda Mahidol should be the next king.
It also appeared more convenient for the government to have a monarch who was only nine years old and studying in Switzerland.
On 2 March 1935, Prince Ananda Mahidol was elected by the National Assembly and the Thai government to succeed his uncle, King Prajadhipok, as the eighth king of the Chakri dynasty.
Later life.
In 1938 he married Elizabeth Hunter, an English woman (known as Lisba).
Their daughter, Mom Rajawongse Narisa Chakrabhongse, was born in 1956.
They lived at Tredethy, St Mabyn, in Cornwall, in the 1940s and 1950s.
When Prince Chula's cousin Prince Birabongse Bhanudej ("B. Bira") went to England in 1927, Chula was supervising a racing team called "".
Prince Bira decided to drive for him.
In 1936 Chula's White Mouse team purchased an ERA for Bira, and he quickly became one of the leading exponents of this class of international racing.
Bira's partnership with Chula ended in late 1948.
Prince Chula was the author of thirteen books, including a history of the Chakri dynasty, a biography about the race-car driver Richard Seaman and an autobiography.
The book was originally intended as a book for only friends and family, but after a few copies went public, interest in the book, increased.
Publishers G. T. Foulis re-issued the book ten years after it was first written.
MG aficionados will enjoy Wheels at Speed.
Death.
The Civil List Act 1727 (1 Geo.
2 St. 1 c. 1) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain passed upon the accession of George II.
Club career.
International career.
Msipa represented Zimbabwe at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Saint George's Day is celebrated on 23 April, the traditionally accepted date of the saint's death in the Diocletianic Persecution.
It coincides with the death date of English playwright and poet William Shakespeare.
Date.
In the calendars of the Lutheran Churches, those of the Anglican Communion, and the General Calendar of the Roman Rite, the feast of Saint George is normally celebrated on 23 April.
This will next be a problem in 2033.
The church celebration of nearly all saints' days are transferred if they fall on a Sunday (because Sunday is the celebration of Christ's Resurrection, which is far more important than a saint's commemoration).
In fact, despite the rule above, the Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales celebrated St George's Day on Tuesday 26 April 2022, with the feast day of St Mark taking precedence and being celebrated on Monday 25 April.
The Church of England's Common Worship lectionary for 2022 had the same dates, with St George's Day being celebrated on Tuesday 26 April, according to the image of the physical book shown on social media.
Similarly, the Eastern Orthodox celebration of the feast moves accordingly to the first Monday after Easter or, as it is sometimes called, to the Monday of Bright Week.
Besides the 23 April feast, some Orthodox Churches have additional feasts dedicated to St George.
The country of Georgia celebrates the feast of St George on 23 April and, more prominently, 10 November (Julian calendar), which until the year 2100 fall on 6 May and 23 November (Gregorian calendar), respectively.
The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the dedication of the Church of St George in Kiev by Yaroslav the Wise in 1051 on 26 November (Julian calendar), which until the year 2100 falls on 9 December on the Gregorian calendar.
In the Tridentine Calendar Saint George's Day was given the rank of "Semidouble".
In Pope Pius XII's 1955 calendar this rank is reduced to "Simple".
In Pope John XXIII's 1960 calendar the celebration is just a "Commemoration".
In Pope Paul VI's revision of the calendar that came into force in 1969, it was given the equivalent rank of a "Memorial", of optional use.
In some countries, such as England, the rank is higher.
Western tradition.
English Catholic and Anglican tradition.
His feast day is also mentioned in the Durham Collectar, a ninth-century liturgical work.
The will of Alfred the Great is said to refer to the saint, in a reference to the church of Fordington, Dorset.
At Fordington a stone over the south door records the miraculous appearance of St. George to lead crusaders into battle.
Early (c. 10th century) dedications of churches to St. George are noted in England, for example at Fordingham, Dorset, at Thetford, Southwark and Doncaster.
In the past, historians mistakenly pointed to the Synod of Oxford in 1222 as elevating the feast to special prominence, but the earliest manuscripts of the synod's declaration do not mention the feast of St. George.
The declarations of the Province of Canterbury in 1415 and the Province of York in 1421 elevated the feast to a double major, and as a result, work was prohibited and church attendance was mandatory.
This order is still the foremost order of knighthood in England and St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle was built by Edward IV and Henry VII in honour of the order.
The badge of the Order shows Saint George on horseback slaying the dragon.
Certain English soldiers also displayed the pennon of St. George.
St. George's Day was a major feast and national holiday in England on a par with Christmas from the early 15th century.
The tradition of celebration St. George's day had waned by the end of the 18th century after the union of England and Scotland.
Nevertheless, the link with St. George continues today, for example Salisbury holds an annual St. George's Day pageant, the origins of which are believed to go back to the 13th century.
In recent years the popularity of St. George's Day appears to be increasing gradually.
BBC Radio 3 had a full programme of St. George's Day events in 2006, and Andrew Rosindell, Conservative MP for Romford, has been putting the argument forward in the House of Commons to make St. George's Day a public holiday.
In early 2009, Mayor of London Boris Johnson spearheaded a campaign to encourage the celebration of St. George's Day, and during the 2017 and 2019 General Elections the Labour Party campaigned for it to be a public holiday.
Today, St. George's day may be celebrated with anything English including morris dancing and Punch and Judy shows.
It is customary for the hymn "Jerusalem" to be sung in cathedrals, churches and chapels on St. George's Day, or on the Sunday closest to it.
There is a growing reaction to the recent indifference to St. George's Day.
Organisations such as English Heritage and the Royal Society of St. George have been encouraging celebrations.
There have also been calls to replace St. George as patron saint of England on the grounds that he was an obscure figure who had no direct connection with the country.
However, there is no obvious consensus as to whom to replace him with, though names suggested include Edmund the Martyr, Cuthbert of Lindisfarne, or Saint Alban, with the last having topped a BBC Radio 4 poll on the subject.
Recently there have been calls to reinstate St. Edmund as the patron Saint of England as he was displaced by George some 400 years ago.
Religious observance of St. George's day changes when it is too close to Easter.
According to the Church of England's calendar, when St. George's Day falls between Palm Sunday and the Second Sunday of Easter inclusive, it is moved to the Monday after the Second Sunday of Easter.
In 2011, for example, 23 April was Holy Saturday, so St. George's Day was moved to Monday 2 May.
The Catholic Church in England and Wales has a similar practice.
Saint George is the patron saint of The Scout Movement, which has held St. George's Day parades since its first years.
St. George is the patron saint of many other organisations.
In the United States, the National Catholic Committee on Scouting uses the saint for many of their awards and activities.
In sport, 23 April is also the anniversary of the St. George Dragons Rugby League Football Club.
The St. George club coincidentally played their inaugural New South Wales Rugby League first grade match on St. George's Day, 23 April 1921 at the Sydney Sports Ground in Australia.
In Newfoundland and Labrador, St. George's Day is a provincial holiday, usually observed on the Monday nearest 23 April.
Iberian peninsula.
Spain.
Saint George became the patron saint of the former Crown of Aragon, when King Peter I of Aragon won the Battle of Alcoraz in 1096 commending his army and people to the auspices of the saint.
He is also patron of several former territories under the Crown of Aragon, including Catalonia, Valencia, Sicily, Sardinia, and several regions of Italy.
In most cases, the reason for those cities' adoption of the saint as their holy patron and shared flag is linked to the Aragonese colonial influence and various battles that occurred throughout the Mediterranean during the "Reconquista".
The international expansion of the "Reconquista" that followed over the next two centuries across the Mediterranean also led to the adoption of the cross of Saint George as a coat of arms by Christian Crusaders.
The Feast of Saint George is celebrated enthusiastically in the Region and former Kingdom of Aragon, and is a regional feast day.
In Catalonia, "la Diada de Sant Jordi" involves traditions similar to those of Saint Valentine's Day in Anglophone countries.
Traditionally, boys give girls a red rose and girls give boys a book.
In the Valencian city of Alcoi, Saint George's Day is commemorated as a thanksgiving celebration for the purported aid the saint provided to the Christian troops fighting the Muslims in the siege of the city.
Its citizens commemorate the day with a festivity in which thousands of people parade in medieval costumes, forming two "armies" of Moors and Christians and re-enacting the siege that gave the city to the Christians.
Once the parade reaches the main square, they reenact a battle between both camps culminating with the burning of a winning Dragon effigy (as selected and voted by the people of the city).
Portugal.
Devotions to Saint George in Portugal date back to the twelfth century, and Saint Constable attributed the victory of the Portuguese against what is now mostly modern day Spain, in the battle of Aljubarrota in the fourteenth century to Saint George.
In fact, the Portuguese Army motto means Portugal and Saint George, in perils and in efforts of war.
Germany Georgiritt.
April, especially around churches dedicated to the saint.
Brightly decorated horses and wagons parade several times around the church, in which a service is then held at which the riders and horses are blessed.
Various competitions may be held afterwards.
Rio de Janeiro.
Patron Saint of the Brazilian Army Cavalry, Saint George is celebrated in a horseback riding throughout the country.
In Rio de Janeiro, where the saint is extremely popular, is a day of popular festivities, such as feijoada, fireworks, among other celebrations.
24 April.
Exceptionally in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, Saint George's Day comes on 24 April.
It is celebrated in a special way.
It is also the Day of the Police, who honour him as a patron saint.
Eastern Orthodox tradition.
Under the state atheism of former Eastern Bloc countries, the celebration of Saint George's Day was historically suppressed.
If St. George's Day falls during Great Lent or Holy Week or on Easter Day, it is observed on Easter Monday.
Eastern Slavic tradition.
The Russian Orthodox Church, which uses the Julian calendar, has two important feasts of Saint George.
Besides the feast of 23 April (Julian calendar), common through all Christendom, Russians also celebrate the anniversary of the dedication of the Church of St. George in Kiev by Yaroslav the Wise (1051) on 26 November (Julian Calendar), which currently falls on 9 December.
One of the Russian forms of the name George being "Yuri", the two feasts are popularly known as "Vesenniy Yuriev Den" (Yuri's Day in the Spring) and "Osenniy Yuriev Den" (Yuri's Day in the Fall).
South Slavic tradition and Balkan spring festival.
St. George's Day is one of the most common Slavas (family patron day) among the Serbs.
Apart from being the Slava of many families, St. George's Day is marked by morning picnics, music, and folk dances.
A common ritual is to prepare and eat a whole lamb, which is an ancient practice possibly related to Slavic pagan sacrificial traditions and the fact that St. George is the patron saint of shepherds.
It is also believed to be a magical day when all evil spells can be broken.
It was believed that the saint helps the crops to grow and blesses the morning dew, so early in the morning they walked in the pastures and meadows and collected dew, washed their face, hands and feet in it for good luck and even in some rural parts of Bulgaria it was a custom to roll in it naked.
St. George's Day is also Bulgarian Armed Forces Day, made official with a decree of Prince Alexander of Battenberg on 9 January 1880.
Parades are organised in the capital Sofia to present the best of the equipment and manpower of the Bulgarian military, as well as in major cities nationwide.
In the Greek Orthodox Church, Saint George's Day is celebrated on 23 April, unless this date falls during Lent or Holy Week when it is celebrated on the day following Easter.
Other, lesser saints are commemorated during Lent or Holy Week on their usual dates.
However, because of St. George's standing as one of the church's most venerated megalomartyrs the celebration date is moved outside of Lent and Holy Week so that people can fully celebrate the day.
The celebrations likely began in the 4th to 5th centuries.
In Georgia, the feast day on 23 November is credited to Saint Nino of Cappadocia, who in Georgian hagiography is a relative of St. George, and is primarily credited with bringing Christianity to the Georgians in the fourth century.
The Romanian Orthodox Church, which uses the Revised Julian calendar, celebrates St. George's Day on 23 April.
Middle East.
The church was destroyed by Muslims in 1010, but was later rebuilt and dedicated to Saint George by the Crusaders.
A new church was erected in 1872 and is still standing.
Christians in the Middle East continue to celebrate St. George's Day, and the custom has been adopted in Muslim tradition via identification of the saint with the figure of Al-Khidr and an association in folk belief with medicine and healing.
In Palestinian culture, the feast is held on 5 May.
The feast is held in the Palestinian town of al-Khader, just south of Bethlehem.
Historically, the feast attracted Arabs from throughout Palestine to visit the Monastery of Saint George.
On the morning of 6 May, Palestinian Christians from Beit Jala, Bethlehem, Beit Sahour and other parts of Palestine would march in a procession to the monastery.
In Mosul, northern Iraq, St. George's Monastery was destroyed in November 2014 by ISIS militants.
Saint George's Day ("Jeries") is celebrated widely in Jordan, especially in a town near Amman called Fuheis.
In Jordan, many churches are dedicated to St. George.
St. George's Day is celebrated throughout Iraq and Lebanon, but especially in towns and villages where churches for St. George have been erected.
Many Christian denominations in Syria celebrate St. George's Day, especially in the Homs Governorate.
Following this, participants traditionally dine and dance.
The monastery of Mar Jurjus (St. George) dates back to the 6th century and is a regional centre of Orthodox Christianity.
In literature.
In the 1897 book "Dracula" by Bram Stoker, evil things are said to occur on St. George's Eve, beginning at midnight.
The date of St. George's Day presented in the book, 5 May (on the Western Gregorian calendar), is St. George's Day as observed by the Eastern Orthodox churches of that era.
The belief is that "moroi" (living vampires), witches, and other dark creatures must gather all the evil power they can between midnight and the dawn of the saint's holy day, so it is unsafe to go outside on that night.
(Excerpt from "Dracula", 1897) "Do you know what day it is?"
I answered that it was the fourth of May.
I know that, I know that! but do you know what day it is?"
Do you not know that tonight, when the clock strikes midnight, all the evil things in the world will have full sway?
The 1961 play "Andorra" by Max Frisch focusses greatly on the (fictionalised) Andorran celebrations of St. George's Day.
The play begins and ends with references to a ceremonial whitewashing of houses by the town's virgins, again reflecting the day's central theme of purity.
The 2009 play "Jerusalem" by Jez Butterworth takes place on St. George's Day, 23 April, also the day of death and estimated birth day of William Shakespeare.
Lee Sheridan's debut novella "St George's Day", set in Maynooth on 23 April, 2020, examines the day in the life of a part-time supermarket worker.
Chinatown, Deadwood was a historic ethnic enclave in Deadwood, located in Lawrence County, South Dakota.
It became the largest Chinatown of any city east of San Francisco at the time.
Notable figures of Deadwood's Chinatown include Fee Lee Wong, who made his way to the Black Hills during the 1870s for the Gold Rush.
There are many cultural and economic differences that made the Chinese community distinct such as success with laundry establishments and the structure of Chinese families.
The Chinese community is no longer there like it was at the end of the 19th century.
Archeological excavations have tried to document and identify Deadwood's Chinatown artifacts and structures, in order to gain a better idea of what that occurred in these areas.
These efforts will help better understand what the lives of Chinese members in South Dakota was like.
Background.
Location.
The city was named after dead trees that were present in the gulch that it is located in.
Deadwood is located in a mountain range called the Black Hills, which are named because of how dark they look from a distance, as they are heavily covered in evergreen trees.
The mountains within the Black Hills are made of shale, sandstone, limestone, and granite.
History of Deadwood, South Dakota.
The city of Deadwood is located within the Black Hills, an isolated mountain range that extends from western South Dakota into Wyoming.
After arriving in the Hills during the 18th century, the Lakota Sioux claimed the land and it became central to their culture.
In the year 1868, the United States government signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), which promised that the Black Hills would remain free from white settlement forever.
However, beginning in the 1870s, white squatters arrived and began illegal settlement on the Lakota's land.
In 1874, General Armstrong Custer led an expedition into the Black Hills where he announced there was indeed gold present on the land.
As a result, prospectors began arriving in large quantities in search of the economic prospects that this discovery promised.
This gold rush along the Whitewood Creek made Deadwood City a thriving community within the Black Hills.
Previous to the rush, Deadwood had been a small mining camp, but with masses arriving, Deadwood was transformed into an integral part of frontier society.
By 1877, around 12,000 people had officially settled in Deadwood with estimates of the population reaching 25,000 in 1876.
Deadwood obtained a reputation for "lawlessness" as it became known for prostitution, gambling, and violence among its residents.
Notable "outlaws" and gunmen such as Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane are buried within the city's cemetery on Mount Moriah.
Establishment of the Chinatown.
In addition to Deadwood's frontier culture, it was also home to the largest Chinatown of any city east of San Francisco.
Although Chinese immigrants also resided multiple areas of the West, many moved to Deadwood following the Gold Rush of this time.
As early as 1875, the Black Hills Daily Times began to report that "rice and the 'other necessities of life' " were being transported by train for the "so-called 'Celestial chuckleheads from the Flowery Kingdom.'
" The same paper also reported Chinese immigrants who were moving towards Deadwood from Denver, Colorado.
The U.S. Census of 1880 lists 116 individuals, but local historians suggest that as many as 400 Chinese individuals, including 14 women, resided in this Chinatown.
These individuals established themselves in a quarter of land between Deadwood and Elizabethtown and created what would become "a cultural, social, and economic nucleus for many Chinese living and working in the surrounding smaller mining camps and towns."
Economy.
Prospecting.
The majority of Chinese immigrants came to the Hills to participate in other business ventures, but a few became involved in the Gold Rush.
Chinese immigrants were known for their resilient approaches within these industries and would rework old claims after white settlers had moved through.
Laundry establishments.
While some had arrived in the Dakota territory for prospects of Gold, others had arrived with the intention of beginning other establishments.
A major economic force within the historic Chinatown was the laundry or "washee houses."
Descriptions of the Chinatown often refer to the numerous laundry establishments that lined the main square.
The demand for washing houses was high due to the large amounts of mining that took place in the area.
Miners from both Chinatown and Deadwood used these laundry houses to have their garments cleaned.
In the year 1880, the occupation of laundryman was the highest listed job of the entire county at 110 individuals, the second highest being mining at 39.
The attraction of self-employment, consistency of clientele, and profit all lead the majority of Chinese immigrants within the county to pursue this career.
Most Chinese establishments charged 25 cents for a shirt and profits could sometimes come out to as much as 10 dollars daily.
White members of Deadwood expressed feeling discontent with the Chinese dominance of this industry and advised women to try opening their own laundries to break the monopoly.
In 1880, two white women opened the Minneapolis Laundry.
They were quickly outsold as all of the Chinese laundries simultaneously lowered prices, placing them out of business, only to raise prices again once they were closed.
In response to Chinese success, a territorial law was passed in 1887 to try and limit the ownership of laundries to "American Citizens or those intent on becoming one."
In response, many Chinese announced their intention to become citizens and stopped paying licensing fees in protest of the discrimination.
These legislative acts did little to curb Chinese dominance within the industry and in 1892, 8 out of 9 of listed laundry outlets were still owned by Chinese individuals.
Additional business ventures.
In addition to these two dominant occupations, Chinese immigrants engaged in other capital ventures.
Business owners like Wong Fee Lee, who owned the Wing Tsue Emporium, as well as Hi Kee, who owned the Hi Kee Company, provided articles in order to continue maintaining traditional ways of Chinese life, customs, and ceremonies while in the United States.
Some goods included imported silk, tea-making supplies, sandals, and egg-shell chings.
A large number of Chinese individuals operated restaurants that aimed to cater to the miners' appetites.
Bang Wong, or Benny, owned and operated the OK Cafe, while another cafe called the Philadelphia Cafe was incredibly popular.
For dessert, Benny was known to often serve apple pie and other classical American dishes.
These diners also offered more traditional Chinese dishes, such as chicken rice soup and home-brewed rice whisky.
In 1898, two Chinese men opened a hotel called the "Dublin Hotel."
They were evaluated in the Black Hills Daily Times, which said they were "a first-class hotel in every respect."
The hotel charged twenty-five dollars a month, which included room and board.
These numerous individuals and industries participated and contributed extensively to the Chinatown and Deadwood communities.
Notable figures.
Fee Lee Wong (Wing Tsue).
Fee Lee Wong, also known as Wing Tsue, made his way to the Black Hills during the 1870s for the Gold Rush.
He had a shop in the Chinatown located at 566 Main Street.
His business was called Wing Tsue Emporium.
His products included silk, porcelain, herbs, tea, etc.
A census taken in 1880 listed 212 Chinese individuals, including Wong.
Tsue stayed in the area and became a notable businessman for over four decades.
His children attended public schools and Sunday schools in Deadwood.
Eventually, Tsue returned to China in 1902 and had trouble coming back to Deadwood as a result of immigration restrictions of the time.
A U.S. government official arranged for him to return to Deadwood.
His building loan defaulted in 1915 and was bought by the bank in Deadwood.
In 1919, his family returned to China again following a stroke Tsue had.
He eventually died in China in 1921.
Culture.
Segregation.
The Chinatown was developed in Deadwood in 1877.
Collective living was practiced among the Chinese community and helped to unify the entire Deadwood community.
Culture and customs were important for Chinese individuals to confront an unfamiliar environment in a different, foreign country.
De facto segregation occurred in these areas as a mechanism to deal with this unfamiliar environment.
Despite this De facto segregation, Chinese individuals still participated within the larger Deadwood community economically and culturally.
They organized fire fighting "Hose Teams" and participated in races and rallies during July 4 festivities in order to show which Chinese team was better.
These interactions helped overcome aspects of separation that may have been present.
Family units and cultural practices.
There was a lack of central family units for many Chinese individuals since immigrants were mostly male.
The mentality was to further individual economic growth, which was driven by the Gold Rush taking place in the Black Hills.
Traditional foods were imported from China and were used habitually.
Clothing materials were an assortment of traditional cultural clothing and American clothing.
The practice of binding feet occurred among the Chinese community at the end of the 19th century.
Also, tobacco and opium were another key social practice within not only the Chinese community but the Deadwood community as a whole.
The Chinese community in Deadwood maintained traditional mortuary practices for individuals who died, including parades and placing offerings with the body.
Archeological excavations.
Cultural artifacts and structures have not been documented well.
Recently burned structural remnants showcased an indoor area where gaming activities occurred.
Gambling was a common pastime and showcased interactions between the Chinese culture and other cultures in the Deadwood area.
The process of archaeological excavation of Chinese artifacts in the area is still undergoing to further knowledge of Chinese culture in Deadwood, South Dakota during the 19th and 20th centuries.
These artifacts are examined for two goals.
To document and inventory Deadwood Chinatown artifacts and to gain an idea of cultural activities that occurred in these areas.
These artifacts help better understand what the lives of Deadwood residents, including the Chinese, were like.
Anti-Chinese discrimination.
Labor participation.
Despite intense oppression at the time, Chinese immigrants in Deadwood experienced less discrimination than in other parts of the United States.
However, some groups still expressed negative feelings towards the group of immigrants.
Towards the later half of 1877, changes in the mining labor industry were taking place.
Rather than working independently, corporate-owned mines were contracting labor.
The Black Hills Times reported that "500 Chinese are expected to start arriving daily."
Reports like these evoked racist reactions from the mining community, who saw the Chinese as a direct threat to their financial stability.
This tension led to the first organizational resistance in March 1878.
J.O.
Reed held a large gathering and created the first Caucasian League in the Black Hills, intent on protecting "white interests."
The League was supported by the Miners Union and they repeatedly gave speeches expressing their disinterest with the continued immigration of the Chinese to the Black Hills.
On one occasion, they stated during a speech that "bills have been presented in Congress to regulate the immigration of Chinese to this country, and for the benefit of our working classes, we hope they will pass."
Additionally, woodworking industry members voiced complaints about the Chinese workers who were participating in their industries.
Each group protested the Chinese immigrants through speeches, public displays of protest, and creating committees that would try to provide ultimatums to Chinese workers and their employers.
In response to these organizations, the Chinese chose to respond through a written appeal.
I am authorized to make the above statement public by all the Chinese inhabitants of this city who will co-operate with me in this matter."
An additional promise was made later to woodworking industry members that the Chinese would continue to only engage in "the lighter occupations."
Although some immigrants did continue working in mining and "lighter occupations," the large, numbered migration that had been predicted never materialized, and these economic worries because less prominent.
After this response from Chinese community members, the Black Hills did not see another collective anti-Chinese campaign or organized violent incidents again.
Chinese Exclusion Acts.
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a federal law of the United States signed on May 6, 1882, that prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers.
Before its passage into federal law, the act was preceded by Anti-Chinese and Xenophobic driven rhetoric and violence.
Similar to the arguments that many in Deadwood were expressing, Chinese immigrants provided cheap labor for large industries within the United States.
This was often seen as a direct threat to the economic opportunities of Native US citizens.
The passage of the Act made the future possibility of immigration nonexistent for Chinese laborers and it impacted immigrants already within the United States.
Over 100,000 Chinese individuals immigrated to the United States in the 30 years preceding the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
The anti-Chinese movement, especially in California, culminated in the passing of laws against the Chinese community.
Despite earlier treaties made between the Chinese and U.S. government, the Burlingame Treaty changed the original treaty and allowed more regulatory laws to be passed by the U.S. government.
The Page Law barred Asian individuals connected or suspected of prostitution and Asian individuals who held contracts of labor a few years before the Chinese Exclusion Act.
The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed and was written originally to last for ten years.
It would eventually get extended at the ten-year mark and would continue to be in United States law for over half a century.
Its significance in relation to the anti-Chinese movement greatly influenced the nation's immigration policy well into the next century.
The exclusionary acts did not apply to specified exceptions of individuals who were considered of a higher socioeconomic status.
The fluidity of individuals who performed jobs under multiple statuses were vulnerable and often classified under laborer.
One of the biggest consequences of these acts was the lasting racialization and racism that would affect the Chinese community and other immigrant groups from Asia such as Japanese, Indian, Korean, etc.
The implications of these actions are seen within the population of the Chinatown as there was only a listed 73 Chinese individuals in 1900, with the population continually declining after that.
Decline.
The Panic of 1893 was the result of the collapse of the silver mining industry and it touched off an economic depression that lasted for 3 years.
When this industry dropped, mines and the businesses that surrounded them closed.
Majority of the Chinatown's population were young single male laborers who had come to participate in the mining industry.
As a result, most of the Chinese immigrants in Deadwood left following this collapse, while others left later into the early 20th century.
Many members of the Chinatown, such as Wing Tsue and Ban Wong who were notable businessmen, returned to China.
Death, the Chinese Exclusion Act, fewer economic opportunities, and a desire to return to their homeland all affected the declining population of the Chinatown in Deadwood.
Ching Ong is said to have been "the last Chinese individual to have left the town in 1931 after having lived there for over 45 years."
Legacy.
Deadwood, South Dakota has survived despite economic difficulties and three large fires that threatened to plunge the town out of existence.
Although the Chinatown no longer exists, its memory lives on through the continuation of Deadwood as a popular tourist attraction.
While the town now is considered a national historic landmark, Deadwood is different from what it was at the end of the 19th century.
Once gambling was made legal again, Deadwood began to boom at the end of the 20th century.
Archeological work is taking place to better understand Deadwood's historic Chinatown and to uncover more about the society that it resided in.
Sigismondo is an operatic 'dramma' in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Maria Foppa.
The opera was not a success and Rossini later re-used some of its music in "Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra", "The Barber of Seville", and "Adina".
Performance history.
"Sigismondo" was first performed at the Teatro La Fenice, Venice, on 26 December 1814, with revivals in Cremona, Reggio Emilia, Padua and Senigallia (all in 1819), Florence and Siena (both in 1820) and finally in Bologna (1827).
Its modern revival took place in Rovigo in 1992 (see recording details below).
 was an apartment building in Toshima, Tokyo, Japan famous for being the early living-quarters of many prominent manga artists.
Description.
It was one of the pre-war buildings which survived the fire bombing of Tokyo during World War II and became part of the nucleus of the Minami Nagasaki residential area of Toshima ward.
It had no baths, only cold water sinks and toilets.
The building existed as a sort of atelier from 1952 to 1982.
It was demolished in 1982.
It is now the site of Nihon Kajo Publishing.
Notable residents and relation to manga and anime.
The second floor of this building housed many young budding artists in the late 1950s to the early 1960s, including Osamu Tezuka between 1953 and 1954.
Tezuka offered a room to the writing duo Fujiko Fujio when he was moving out.
Fujiko Fujio would make similar gestures themselves, offering rooms to rookie artists whenever one was made available, including to Akatsuka and Ishinomori.
According to Tam Bing Man (one of the acting duo), who was an assistant of Osamu Tezuka in earliest days, Tezuka first introduced this production system employing many assistants to make manga, in order to meet the deadlines of publishing in weekly manga magazines.
This model of several assistants helping a main artist is still used today, providing young manga artists with training.
Related, similar buildings and museum.
Toshima City's Culture and Tourism Division built a bronze monument titled in Minami-Nagasaki Hanasaki Koen public park in April 2009.
By 2016, they have helped more than 60 artists make their debut.
It was unveiled on August 23, 2013.
He held various positions in the government of Chihuahua and was a substitute federal deputy for District 9 of Chihuahua in the period 2015 to 2018 without ever taking office.
On 7 May 2017, he was arrested for the crime of aggravated embezzlement, to later be linked to the process and years later released to continue his processes out of prison.
Political career.
Accusations of corruption and substitution attempt.
Eight days later, he tried to protest the law as a proprietary deputy before the Chamber of Deputies.
This fact would immediately give him the protection of parliamentary jurisdiction, which in his case would prevent any arrest warrant issued against him from being exercised.
After awaiting the aforementioned negotiations, the PRI announced that its protest was postponed until its legal situation was clarified.
Incarceration.
He was subsequently transferred to Chihuahua, to later be linked to the process on 6 June.
Terrebonne is a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Quebec.
It was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1997, when it was dissolved in an electoral redistribution.
It was reconstituted as an electoral district again beginning with the 2015 election.
History.
The riding was originally created by the British North America Act of 1867 which preserved existing electoral districts in Lower Canada.
Alexis Waite, (born October 30, 1981) is an American professional snowboarder.
She learned to snowboard when she was 12 years old near her hometown of Seattle.
Currently residing in Albuquerque, New Mexico teaching yoga Hotel Chaco and leading retreats La Vida Retreats and making custom jewelry Feral Stone.
Career.
Growing up in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, Alexis Waite learned to snowboard at local Seattle ski areas Alpental and Stevens Pass.
She decided she wanted to be a professional snowboarder when she was a teenager, and began pursuing a career through the contest circuit in New England at 17, where she attended Stratton Mountain School.
Waite first gained recognition in snowboarding the following year in 2000, when she won the USSA Eastern Halfpipe Championship and also the USASA National Freestyle Championship and became both 2000 Regional and National Champion as a high school senior.
Early wins were the 2003 Vans Triple Crown Jib Contest and the 2003 Summer Windell's Bonfire Triple Rail Jam.
No stranger to the podium since then, Waite is usually in the finals of the major contests, and has been a Winter X-Games SlopeStyle regular since 2004.
She is considered more influential in the snowboard video industry, than the competitive realm, as competition was never her primary focus.
Her first video appearance was in "Declaration" (2002).
Since then, she has been appearing in videos including "Neoproto" (2003), "As If" (2005) and "Ro Sham Bo" (2006) by Misschief films, "LaLaLand" (2007) by Runway Films and "Labor of Love" (2007) by Roxy, and had a cameo and stunt double appearance in "White Air" (2007).
Waite has been the subject on several television shows, including "First Hand" (2006) on FuelTV and "Stunt Junkies" (2007) on Discovery Channel.
Early on in her career, Waite helped design the Santa Cruz Snowboards women's line when she was a member of their team, including the acclaimed "Muse" snowboard.
Best known as a long-time Roxy Snow Team rider, Alexis' signature pro-model snowboard is the Roxy "Ollie Pop" which has been an award-winning top seller for her primary sponsor, Roxy.
Electric Eyewear and Boost Mobile round out her sponsor list.
Exit Real World in Portland was her shop sponsor.
VOGUE magazine featured Alexis Waite as a new style leader in article titled "Tomorrow's Muse" (Oct 04).
Luckily her career was not defined by injury, however she notably broke her eye socket, cheekbone and wrist in the 2005 Winter X-Games, and both her hands simultaneously at Ms SuperPark 2007.
Waite retired from pro-snowboarding in 2010 and returned to Seattle.
In 2011, she moved to Whitefish, Montana for 5 years.
Here she learned energy healing, reflexology and helped manage a 6,500 acre cattle ranch by horseback in the Bear Paw Mountains.
As she has been practicing yoga since 1995, she started teaching in 2014.
She trained under Yogi Aaron Starr at Blue Osa in Costa Rica and got her teaching career started at the Yoga Hive in Whitefish, Montana.
CKXA-FM (101.1 MHz) is a radio station in Brandon, Manitoba.
Owned by Bell Media, it broadcasts a country format.
History.
The station went into operation on December 5, 1928 as CKX, and was owned and operated by the Manitoba Telephone System.
In 1947 the provincial government announced that it was leaving the radio business.
The following year CKX was purchased by a group of Brandon businessmen headed by John B. Craig, managing director of Western Manitoba Broadcasters.
The station was affiliated with the CBC's Dominion Network from 1944 until 1962 and then with the main CBC Radio network until 1978.
The station moved to FM in 1999.
It added an A to its callsign when it moved to FM, as it already had a sister station using the callsign CKX-FM.
In 2002, CKX and CKXA, along with two other Craig radio properties were sold to Standard Radio.
In 2005, CKXA returned to the country music format.
In 2007, Astral Media acquired CKXA as part of its purchase of Standard Broadcasting.
In 2013, Bell Media acquired Astral Media.
It was known as "101.1 The Farm".
The Effeminists was a political and social advocacy group composed primarily of gay men in the 1970s who concerned themselves with allying the gay liberation movement with women and the feminist movement at the time.
The group was borne out of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF), when some members expressed disagreement with the ways in which women were being treated by the gay liberation movement.
Origin.
In the 1970s, groups such as the Lavender Menace arose out of many queer women's discomfort with the treatment of lesbian and bisexual women within the gay liberation front.
Some men began to be more outspoken about this, such as those who formed the Effeminists.
The Effeminists was a consciousness-raising group born out of the Gay Liberation Front in 1969, by GLF members Kenneth Pitchford, John Knoebel, and Steven Dansky.
They formed a more autonomous group, separate to the GLF, in response to the misogynistic views they alleged were present within the GLF.
In the manifesto, Pitchford expressed his views that many leftist groups, including gay liberation groups, had pervasive misogyny embedded within them.
He particularly pointed out his belief that many male leftists were misogynistic towards women within their organizations.
The Effeminists raised the need for a group of radical, anti-heteropatriarchy gay men within the gay liberation movement, as they alleged that the GLF was having issues with sexism.
Female members of the Gay Liberation Front were increasingly pulling back their involvement, due to the alleged misogyny.
The Effeminists pointed out that poor treatment and sexual harassment towards women in the movement was occurring in many New Left organizing spaces, and that without addressing it, liberation could not be achieved.
The group focused on communication and increasing visibility of the issues they concerned themselves with, rather than recruiting.
Two years prior, in 1971, University of California, Berkeley students Jim Rankin and Nick Benton launched a newspaper entitled, "The Effeminist".
As a small group, literature distribution was important to the Effeminists, as it enabled them to increase their reach to others within the gay liberation movement and the New Left through magazines or essays.
Ideology.
The Effeminists expressed critiques of straight male leftists who embraced hyper-masculine or machismo identities.
They centralized their concerns around the issues of misogyny and homophobia, but also remained explicitly anti-imperialist, anti-racist, and anti-capitalist.
In addition to being anti-sexist, this was in line with the broader views and political interests of the New Left.
The Effeminists also expressed concerns and critiques of the ways in which gay men experience masculinities and identity, such as the difficulties gay men face to achieve hegemonic masculinity.
They also acknowledged the struggles heterosexual men faced, too, for not being able to express affection towards other men.
Kenneth Pitchford and other members of the Effeminist movement then became involved across the United States.
Kenneth Pitchford, for example, traveled across the US for a short period of time to spread the word of the Effeminists.
One such example of this is his involvement in the Flaming Faggots Collective's activism at New College of Florida in fall of 1971.
This particular satellite group staged a protest at a speaking engagement at the college with Dr. Benjamin DeMott.
Members of the alleged his political opinions of feminist and gay topics to be homophobic and misogynistic.
After being shut out of a board of trustees meeting, students walked along the seawall to attend.
This is one of a few demonstrations conducted by Effeminist groups.
Controversies.
The Effeminist movement as a whole expressed views (particularly within their written literature) that were anti-camp, , and anti-sado-masochism.
Their later analysis of gender expression, gender identity, and sex led them to conclude that the issue at hand is much more complex than they originally interpreted it.
On rethinking transgender these decades later, it's evident that we, as effeminists, had a very elementary understanding of the construction of gender".
"Mercy" is a song by English rock band Muse from their seventh album, "Drones".
It was released as the second single from the album on 18 May 2015.
Background.
The song is part of a concept album about "the journey of a human, from their abandonment and loss of hope, to their indoctrination by the system to be a human drone, to their eventual defection from their oppressors".
This is where they realize they're being overcome by the dark forces that were introduced in 'Psycho.
Reception.
Upon the album's release, the song was met with mixed reactions.
Gigwise's Andrew Trendell praised the song as being "heartfelt" and "a pristine stadium gem".
In his review of "Drones", NME's Mark Beaumont described the song as "infectious electro-rock".
Consequence of Sound's Collin Brennan called it an "anthem" reminiscent of "latter-day U2".
In similar fashion, Gigwise's Andrew Trendell described the song as a "driving and pulsing piano-led arena power-anthem".
Music video.
The music video was directed by Sing J. Lee and shot in Los Angeles.
It opens to a clock ticking counting down, and flashing quick glimpses of other scenes, some from the rest of the video, including the main character escaping down a hallway, screaming at the camera and counting calendar days in vivid red lighting, as well as numerous images of a similarly lit flower.
These brief images repeat throughout the video.
Shots of the band performing on a large indoor stage with bright, dynamic lighting are spliced throughout between the story scenes.
Two scientists are shown discussing design plans for a female android posted on a wall in their workplace.
A woman sleeps in a bed with a monitor on her wrist and an electronic device placed around her head, with several doctors monitoring her through the glass wall, watching what appears to be a simulation being created for her through the device on a screen, and tapping a button marked "days to reset" on another as it counts down and cycles through the days of the week.
The woman's sleep appears to be getting less restful from the simulation as she fidgets and begins breathing harder.
She is shown walking out onto a rooftop and taking a transparent rake from one of the men escorting her, redrawing the lines in a large sand garden, and looking out at the city around them before she and two of the men go back inside.
We see her in the same room and on the same bed as before, but without the electronic devices, leaning away from an unknown man with a somewhat frightened expression as he lifts her chin to look at him and then begins undressing himself.
Shots are shown of her flipping through a journal with a loose note stuck into it, reading "you are stronger than you think."
She goes up to the rooftop to draw in the sand again, only this time bumps into an exact duplicate of herself accompanied by two different men, as both women take a moment to stare at each other in shock.
She is later seen laying in bed, again without the devices, appearing to contemplate the emotions of these recent encounters.
She is then shown looking through the glass wall of a small room, filled with sixteen more of the duplicates, standing but deactivated.
She places a new note in the journal atop the other, reading "look right.
You are greater in numbers."
On the last day before the reset, the version of her with the simulation device suddenly startles awake, tears off the device and snaps it in half before throwing a stack of books from the nightstand through the window and escaping.
We see her weave through numerous people trying to catch her, the source of some of the shots spread through the rest of the video, before she locks herself in a small room, containing a "final reset" button which she presses.
She steps up onto a platform that lays her on her back as she appears to deactivate, before we see every one of the sixteen other duplicates wake up.
Usage in media.
HMS "Dictator" was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 6 January 1783 at Limehouse.
She was converted into a troopship in 1798, and broken up in 1817.
French Revolutionary Wars.
At the "Reduction of Trinidad" in 1797 "Dictator" participated in the later stages, not having arrived until 18 February, the prize money awarded reflecting this late arrival.
On 8 March 1801, whilst disembarking the army at the Battle of Aboukir during the French campaign in Egypt, one seaman was killed and a midshipman, Edward Robinson, fatally wounded.
Prize money for the capture of enemy ships was usually shared with other warships in the squadron between 1801 and 1806.
Because "Dictator" served in the navy's Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September, her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.
Napoleonic Wars.
She was again in Danish Waters the following year, in Admiral Hood's squadron of four ships-of-the-line together with some smaller vessels, tasked with maintaining the blockade between Jutland and Zealand.
In August 1809 "Dictator" was tasked with the occupation of the Pea Islands to the east of Bornholm but ran aground en route and had to be towed back to Karlskrona for repairs.
In early July 1810, during the Gunboat War with Denmark-Norway, "Dictator", in company with and , sighted three Danish gunboats commanded by Lieutenant Peter Nicolay Skibsted, who had captured in April of that year.
However, the British mounted a cutting out expedition of some 200 men in ten ships' boats after midnight on 7 July, capturing the three gunboats.
In 1812 "Dictator" led a small squadron consisting of three brigs, the 18-gun "Calypso", 14-gun brig-sloop "Podargus" and the 14-gun gun brig "Flamer".
The action cost "Dictator" five killed and 24 wounded.
In 1847 the surviving British participants were authorized to apply for the clasp "Off Mardoe 6 July 1812" to the Naval General Service Medal.
War of 1812.
Under the rules of prize-money, the troopship "Dictator" shared in the proceeds of the capture of the American vessels in the Battle of Lake Borgne on 14 December 1814.
HMS "Dictator" was one of several troopships among Admiral Alexander Cochrane's fleet moored off New Orleans at the start of 1815.
Satta panchayat Iyakkam (SPI) is a social organisation founded in 2013 in Chennai, India, which campaigns against corruption and in favour of liquor prohibition.
History.
SPI runs a call centre to help the people of Tamil Nadu obtain Government services without corruption and bribery.
The SPI call centre also provides assistance and advice related to government procedures.
SPI handled over 100,000 calls from 2019 to 2021.
Every Saturday, the members meet for a camp organized by the organization where retired government officials and lawyers offer administrative and legal assistance, steered by the Treasurer, Srinivasan, and a retired Deputy Collector.
SPI filed a PIL to force Village Administrative Officers (VAOs) to remain in their villages and serve the people, rather than visiting only occasionally.
The Chennai High court made it mandatory for all VAOs to stay in their respective villages, though many did not comply with this ruling.
SPI continues to campaign on this issue, and filed a PIL to enact the "Right to Services Act" to ensure time-bound service delivery from government officials.
SPI has been campaigning against liquor since its formation, via public outreach and the organization of protests in front of liquor shops.
"Urimai Kural" is a program run by the organization to educate citizens about their rights and be able to file RTI.
Executives Senthil Arumugam, Siva Elango and Jai Ganesh lead SPI activities as full-time staff.
SPI wings include Research, Technical, Design, Women, and Student wings to enable the organisation's functioning.
Business Executives for National Security (BENS) is an American nonpartisan, nonprofit organization.
Prominent members include Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, former Cisco chairman John P. Morgridge, and former Infor CEO Charles E. Phillips.
The organization's current President is retired U.S. Army General Joseph Votel, the 13th commander of U.S. Central Command, and their current chairman is Mark J. Gerencser, former Managing Partner of Booz Allen Hamilton.
Founded in 1982 by mining executive Stanley A. Weiss, BENS provides a channel through which senior American business leaders volunteer their experience and expertise to help national security agencies become more efficient and effective.
The organization was also active in BRAC, championing the process and helping develop transition plans for locations affected by base closure.
Over the last decade, the organization expanded their focus, addressing issues such as cybersecurity, domestic counterterrorism, and talent management.
Gigi Garanzini (born 1948 in Biella) is an Italian sports journalist.
Career.
Garanzini began his writing career in 1974, on "La Notte" and later "Corriere della Sera", "La Stampa" and, from 2007, "Il Sole 24 Ore".
During the FIFA World Cup 1990 he was the responsible of the "Centro Stampa di Milano".
From 1999 Garanzini worked on Radio 24 on the program "A tempo di sport" and, from 2007, has had the blog, "Slow Foot".
 is a Japanese professional boxer who has held the WBO atomweight title from February to September 2022.
At the regional level, Suzuki held the Japanese atomweight title from 2018 to 2019.
Boxing career.
Early career.
Suzuki made her professional debut against Ayumu Seki on 1 March 2016.
She won the fight by unanimous decision.
The fight ended in a split decision draw.
An immediate rematch was scheduled, with the vacant title on the line, on 8 March 2018.
WBO atomweight champion.
Suzuki vs. Iwakawa.
On 12 February 2020, it was announced that the WBO atomweight champion Mika Iwakawa would make her maiden title defense against Suzuki.
The entire event was cancelled on 27 February however, due to measures imposed by the Japanese government to combat the spread of COVID-19.
The champion managed to rally in the final two rounds however, which led to two of the judges awarding her the ninth and tenth round, while the last judge scored the ninth for Suzuki and the tenth for Suzuki.
Suzuki vs. Iwakawa II.
On 30 August 2021, Japanese-based boxing promotion DANGAN announced that Iwakawa would make her second WBO atomweight title defense against Suzuki on 15 October 2021, in the main event of "VICTORIA.7", an all-female boxing card.
Iwakawa withdrew from the bout on 7 October, a week before it was supposed to take place, due to an undisclosed injury.
The title fight was rescheduled for 25 February 2022, fifteen months after their first meeting, as the co-main event of "VICTORIVA.8", another all-female boxing card.
It took place at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Suzuki vs. Kuroki.
Suzuki made her first title defense against the former WBC minimumweight champion Yuko Kuroki on 1 September 2022.
The fight headlined "Queens Crest 2022", an all-women's card, which took place at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.
Suzuki struggled to successfully pressure the southpaw Kuroki, who utilized outboxing tactics to win the fight by a wide unanimous decision.
Two of the judges awarded Kuroki eight of the ten contested rounds, while the third judge scored seven of the ten rounds for the challenger.
Post title reign.
The son of a Royal Navy serviceman, Foord attended grammar school and joined the UK Meteorological Office as a trainee forecaster in 1947.
His first posting was to the Eskdalemuir Observatory in the Scottish borders, where he worked between 1950 and 1953, followed by three years' service on the Atlantic weather ships.
He became the principal BBC weather forecaster in 1963, and his low-key presentation style made him a national institution.
One of the highlights of his career came in 1969 during the BBC coverage of the Apollo 12 mission, when he predicted that the spacecraft could face some turbulence on take-off and might be struck by lightning.
Within half an hour, lightning struck the spacecraft.
Foord left the BBC in 1973, by which time his celebrity had led to the distinction of being a guest on Roy Plomley's "Desert Island Discs".
He became principal forecaster for the Royal Air Force Strike Command.
In 1980, he became the subject of a "Bring Back Bert Foord" campaign started by presenter Terry Wogan, who complained the British weather had become worse since Foord stopped presenting the forecasts.
Foord's off-screen persona was quite different from his media image, being relaxed, jovial and outgoing (he ran the London Marathon in 1987).
He retired from the Met Office in 1990, and died 11 years later.
Personal life.
He won a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical and received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical for his starring role as Usher in the Broadway theatre production of "A Strange Loop" in 2022.
He also earned a Grammy Award nomination for the cast recording of the show.
Life and career.
Spivey grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina, raised by a single mother, before moving to New Jersey to live with his aunt.
He graduated from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey.
He attended Point Park University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and received a degree in musical theatre in May 2021.
At Point Park, he portrayed Louis in a production of "Sunday in the Park with George".
After Larry Owens left "A Strange Loop" following its off-Broadway run, Spivey was cast as Usher in July 2021 when the show transferred to Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company in Washington, D.C., for a seven-week tryout.
The show then moved to New York City at the Lyceum Theatre, with Spivey making his Broadway debut with the opening of the production in April 2022.
"A Strange Loop" earned 11 Tony Award nominations in 2022, including one for Best Actor in a Musical for Spivey's performance.
Spivey, as the principal vocalist, and the rest of the cast received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Musical Theater Album.
Spivey won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical, He was also nominated for a Distinguished Performance Award for the Drama League Awards, and won the Outer Critics Circle Awards Outstanding Actor in a Musical and was honored with a Theatre World Award.
"A Strange Loop" closed on Broadway in January 2023.
Marconi Electronic Systems (MES), or GEC-Marconi as it was until 1998, was the defence arm of General Electric Company (GEC).
It was demerged from GEC and bought by British Aerospace (BAe) on 30 November 1999 to form BAE Systems.
GEC then renamed itself Marconi plc.
MES exists today as BAE Systems Electronics Limited, a subsidiary of BAE Systems, but the assets were rearranged elsewhere within that company.
MES-related businesses include BAE Systems Submarine Solutions, BAE Systems Surface Ships, BAE Systems Insyte and Selex ES (now a part of Leonardo S.p.A.).
History.
Following GEC's acquisition of Marconi as part of English Electric in 1968, the Marconi brand was used for its defence businesses, e.g.
When it was bought by General Electric, MES represented the pinnacle of GEC's defence businesses which had a heritage of almost 100 years.
GEC's history of military products dates back to World War I with its contribution to the war effort then including radios and bulbs.
World War II consolidated this position with the company involved in many important technological advances, most notably radar.
Between 1945 and GEC's demerger of its defence business in 1999, the company became one of the world's most important defence contractors.
GEC's major defence related acquisitions included Associated Electrical Industries in 1967, English Electric Company (including Marconi as a subsidiary) in 1968, Yarrow Shipbuilders in 1985, parts of Ferranti's defence business in 1990, Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering in 1995 and Kvaerner Govan in 1999.
Demerger.
The 1997 merger of American corporations Boeing and McDonnell Douglas, which followed the forming of Lockheed Martin, the world's largest defence contractor in 1995, increased the pressure on European defence companies to consolidate.
In June 1997, British Aerospace Defence managing director John Weston commented "Europe... is supporting three times the number of contractors on less than half the budget of the U.S.".
European governments wished to see the merger of their defence manufacturers into a single entity, a European Aerospace and Defence Company.
As early as 1995, British Aerospace and the German aerospace and defence company DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (DASA) were said to be keen to create a transnational aerospace and defence company.
Merger discussions began between British Aerospace and DASA in July 1998.
GEC was also under pressure to participate in defence industry consolidation.
Reporting the appointment of George Simpson as GEC managing director in 1996, "The Independent" had said "some analysts believe that Mr Simpson's inside knowledge of BAe, a long-rumoured GEC bid target, was a key to his appointment.
GEC favours forging a national "champion" defence group with BAe to compete with the giant US organisations".
When GEC put MES up for sale on 22 December 1998, BAE abandoned the DASA merger in favour of purchasing its British rival.
The merger of British Aerospace and MES was announced on 19 January 1999.
Evans stated that in 2004 that his fear was that an American defence contractor would acquire MES and challenge both British Aerospace and DASA.
EADS has since considered a merger with Thales to create a "fully rounded" company.
While MES was responsible for the majority of GEC's defence sales other GEC companies achieved defence related sales, principally GEC Alsthom, GEC-Plessey Telecommunications (GPT) and GEC Plessey Semiconductors.
Liga).
The club have never ridden in the Polish top division.
Their nickname is "The Scorpions" ("pol.
Skorpiony").
Stadium.
It contains 6,250 seats.
The track is 345 metres long and has a granite surface.
The track record was made by Marcus Birkemose (66.27 sec on 5 September 2020).
Speedway in Poznan was active during the inaugural 1948 Polish speedway season.
The team only competed until the end of 1950.
The return of speedway was boosted by the stadium securing the 1991 Speedway World Pairs Championship.
However, the season turned out to be a disaster because Polonez were declared bankrupt after just one season.
The club noted its first start in 2006, in which they came 2nd in the 2.
Liga and won promotion after beating KSM Krosno in a promotion play-off.
The club won its first individual medal in 2007 when Daniel Pytel was third in Individual U-21 Polish Championship.
In 2011 season, the team were relegated to 2.
Liga and after issues with the stadium's owners Olimpia concerning rent fees, the club was left homelessand did not enter a team for the 2012 season.
Although the club did not cease to exist they campaigned for the Olimpia stadium, which in the meantime fell into complete disrepair and ruin, owned by the Polish police, to be taken over by the city council.
The complete rebuilding of the stadium was completed in 2015.
The team returned to action in 2017 and during the 2022 Polish Speedway season the team won the 2.
Liga title.
Biography.
Sharp was born in Mount Gilead, Ohio on March 14, 1859.
He moved to Elyria, Ohio with his mother and her parents, occupying the Starr-Worthington home on Washington Avenue.
Education and early career.
He graduated LL.B. from the Law Department of the University of Michigan in 1881 and then practiced law in Elyria.
He also engaged in the manufacture of charcoal, pig iron, and chemicals.
Political career.
He served until April 14, 1919, then returned to Elyria, Ohio, and engaged in literary pursuits.
Sharp was known as the Father of Air Mail due to his vision of using aircraft for postal delivery.
He crafted legislation for this goal which was eventually successful in being passed.
He was one of two Elyrians to have served in Congress and also one of two Lorain Countians (Myron T. Herrick) to have served as Ambassador to France during the early 20th century.
Death and legacy.
He died on November 17, 1922 in Elyria, Ohio and was interred in Ridgelawn Cemetery.
The family's Elyria home was purchased in 1945 by the Washington Avenue Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) congregation which was relocating at that time from Elyria's Second Street.
The Sharp home was incorporated into the church's new building, dedicated in 1951.
Through the efforts of the Elyria Historical Association, Lorain County Historical Society, Ohio History Connection, and Washington Avenue Christian Church, an historical marker (Lorain County's 7th and Lorain County's 35th) was unveiled on the Washington Avenue property on September 3, 2020 with approximately 50 people present.
Remarks at the unveiling were presented by the Honorable Frank Whitfield, Mayor of the City of Elyria, Mr. Bill Bird, President of the Elyria Historical Association, Ms. Kerri Broome, Executive Director of the Lorain County Historical Society, and the Rev.
The Employment Act 1982 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (c. 46), mainly relating to trade unions.
It increased compensation for those dismissed because of the closed shop and restricted the immunities enjoyed by trade unions.
Background.
The 1982 Act was a direct response to the consultations held on the basis of the green paper, "Trade Union Immunities" (Cmnd. 8128), published in January 1981.
Contents.
The Act's main provisions came into force on 1 December 1982.
A Trades Union Congress Special Conference was held on 5 April 1982, where trade union leaders voted to support an eight-point plan to oppose the Act.
A campaign pack entitled "Fight Tebbit's Law" was issued, and a travelling exhibition toured trade union conferences.
A levy of ten pence per trade union member was raised to finance this campaign, which raised over one million pounds to 'Kill the Bill'.
We should say "We will defy the law"."
Afroneta lativulva is a species of sheet weaver found in the Congo.
Education and career.
Born on October 4, 1871, in Owego, New York, Chatfield received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1893 from Yale University.
He received a Bachelor of Laws in 1896 from Columbia Law School.
He entered private practice in New York City, New York from 1896 to 1906.
He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1902 to 1906.
Federal judicial service.
Chatfield was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt on December 13, 1906, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York vacated by Judge Edward B. Thomas.
He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 9, 1907, and received his commission the same day.
His service terminated on December 24, 1922, due to his death at his home in Brooklyn, New York.
He had been stricken with a heart attack while trimming the family Christmas tree, the heart attack having been induced by a bout of typhoid fever from which he suffered the previous summer.
Family.
Ultra High Frequency Follow-On (UFO) satellite system is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) program sponsored and operated by the United States Space Force to provide communications for airborne, ship, submarine and ground forces.
The UFO constellation replaced the U.S. DoD Fleet Satellite Communications System (FLTSATCOM) constellation and consisted of eleven satellites.
The ground terminal segment consists of equipment and resident personnel at existing satellite communication stations.
The satellites are controlled by the 10th Space Operations Squadron (Space Delta 8) located at the Naval Base Ventura County, Point Mugu, California.
Satellite description.
The Ultra high frequency (UHF) satellites primarily served tactical users.
The Extremely high frequency (EHF) package on satellites four through eleven have an Earth coverage beam and a steerable five-degree spot beam that enhances its tactical use.
The EHF capability also allows the UFO network to connect to the strategic Milstar system.
Satellites eight, nine and ten also carry the Global Broadcast Service antennas that operate in the Ka-band.
The UFO bus and payload weigh .
The solar panels spans and produces 2,500 watts at the end of the planned 14-year lifetime.
The UHF system supports stationary and mobile users including manportable, ships, submarines, aircraft and other mobile terminals.
The UFO Follow-On system is scheduled for replacement by the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS).
Launch.
, also spelt Zenzo Shimidzu, was a Japanese tennis player.
Shimizu graduated from the Tokyo Higher Commerce School (now Hitotsubashi University).
He resided in Calcutta and New York.
In 1929 he was transferred to Mitsui Life Insurance Co., became the manager of Kobe Branch, in 1945 the director thereof and thereafter was expelled from his official position after World War II.
He was running a trading company in Kobe thereafter.
In 1965 he collapsed from a stroke.
In 1977 he died in Osaka at the age of 86.
At the 1921 Wimbledon Championships he reached the semifinal which he lost to Manuel Alonso in five sets.
He also was a member of Japan's Davis Cup team that finished second to United States in 1921.
In 1921 he won the singles title at the Queen's Club Championships by defeating Mohammed Sleem in the final in straight sets.
He established the earliest period of Japanese tennis together with Ichiya Kumagae (accurately speaking, ).
Shimizu was ranked World No. 4 by A. Wallis Myers of "The Daily Telegraph" in 1921. (the same pronunciation but different Kanji comparing with Zenzo of this article, ) who is an ex-actor is his grandson.
Playing style.
Shimizu was mainly a baseline player.
His forehand grip was described as 'faulty' but nevertheless his passing shots, which he hit low and with topspin, were judged as excellent.
Shimizu's backhand was orthodox and played with force from the baseline.
His service was hit at shoulder height with precision and reverse twist but without great speed.
His forehand volleys were comparatively weak but his backhand volleys and his smash were first-class.
In his book "The Art of Lawn Tennis" Bill Tilden describes Shimuzu as a baseline player and marvelous court coverer with an uncanny accuracy in his shots.
In comparing Shimuzu to his countryman Kumagae he states that Shimizu had a superior backhand and low volleying skills but lacked Kumagae's forehand drive and had a weaker service.
Slime Language is the debut collaborative compilation album by American record label YSL Records and American rapper Young Thug, who is the leader of the label.
It was released on August 17, 2018, for streaming and digital download by YSL Records and 300 Entertainment.
The album is executive produced by Wheezy and London on da Track and features production from Keyyz, K Bangerz, Kacey Khaliel, DY, Charlie Handsome, Smoke, Mattazik, Super, Billboard Hitmakers and Turbo, among others.
The album's sequel, "Slime Language 2", was released on April 16, 2021, with the deluxe edition of the album being released exactly a week later on April 23, 2021.
Background.
On August 1, 2018, the album was announced by Young Thug, when he sent several music publications pet snakes and a booklet containing names of artists including Lil Uzi Vert, Gunna and Jacquees.
Thug initially set the release date for his 27th birthday, August 16, but later clarified that it would be released later in the evening on August 16.
Critical reception.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 68, based on 6 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".
However, like any Black family reunion, the project captivates when the young are allowed to flex in front of the father and claw their way from the periphery to the main stage."
Riley Wallace from "Exclaim!" applauded the album, saying, "Thug is a rock star who knows his audience, and "Slime Language" shows his ear for talent on full display", adding that the album "walks the fine line of consistency and monotony, delivering a stream of well-crafted bangers sprinkled with Thugga's unmistakable aura as the binding glue."
"HotNewHipHop" believed that "Thug sounds like he's having the most fun he's had since his Rich Gang days."
Despite being a compilation, Evan Rytlewski of "Pitchfork" believed "Slime Language" "is so generous with its star attraction that the distinction barely matters, and Thug digs in with his usual rubber-jawed zeal", also stating that the project is Young Thug's "most cheerful, undemanding project since the "I Came from Nothing" mixtapes of his less adventurous early years, before stylistic gambits took hold over simple pleasures."
Commercial performance.
"Slime Language" debuted at number eight on the US "Billboard" 200 with 41,000 album-equivalent units, with streaming units accounting for 38,000 of the total.
Track listing.
Credits adapted from Geoffrey Ogunlesi's Instagram and in part from BMI and ASCAP.
Personnel.
Hill Air Force Base is a major U.S. Air Force (USAF) base located in Davis County, Utah, just south of the city of Ogden, and bordering the Cities of Layton, Clearfield, Riverdale, Roy, and Sunset with its largest border immediately adjacent to Clearfield and Layton.
It is about north of Salt Lake City.
The base was named in honor of Major Ployer Peter Hill of the U.S. Army Air Corps, who died test-flying "NX13372", the original Model 299 prototype of the B-17 Flying Fortress bomber.
As of 2018 Hill AFB is the sixth-largest employer in the state of Utah.
Hill AFB is the home of the Air Force Materiel Command's (AFMC) Ogden Air Logistics Complex (OO-ALC) which is the worldwide manager for a wide range of aircraft, engines, missiles, software, avionics, and accessories components.
The OO-ALC is part of the Air Force Sustainment Center.
The host unit at Hill AFB is the AFMC's 75th Air Base Wing (75 ABW), which provides services and support for the OO-ALC and its subordinate organizations.
Additional tenant units at Hill AFB include operational fighter wings of Air Combat Command (ACC) and Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC).
History.
Major Hill had died as a result of injuries he received from the crash of the Boeing Aircraft Company's experimental aircraft Boeing Model 299 at Wright Field, the prototype airplane for what became the famous B-17 Flying Fortress.
Hill Air Force Base traces its origins back to the ill-fated U.S. Army's Air Mail "experiment" of 1934, when the idea originated for a permanent air depot in the Salt Lake City area.
In the following years, the USAAC surveyed the region for a suitable location for the permanent western terminus of the air mail.
Several sites in Utah were considered, and the present site near Ogden emerged as the clear favorite.
Hill Field officially opened on 7 November 1940.
Following American entry into World War II in December 1941, Hill Field quickly became an important maintenance and supply base, with round-the-clock operations geared to supporting the war effort.
Battle-worn warplanes like the A-26, B-17, B-24, B-29, P-40, P-47, P-61, were sent to Hill Field for structural repairs, engine overhauls, and spare parts.
The peak wartime employment at Hill Field was reached in 1943 with a total of just over 22,000 military and civilian personnel.
Men and women at the depot rehabilitated and returned thousands of warplanes to combat.
Starting in 1944, Hill Field was utilized for the long-term storage of surplus airplanes and their support equipment, including outmoded P-40 Tomahawks and P-40 Warhawks which had been removed from combat service and replaced by newer and better warplanes.
P-47 Thunderbolts, B-24 Liberators, B-29 Superfortresses, and many other types of aircraft were also prepared for and placed in storage at Hill over the course of the 1940s and 1950s.
Hill Field became the Hill Air Force Base on 5 February 1948, following the creation of the United States Air Force.
During the Korean War, Hill AFB was assigned a major share of the Air Materiel Command's logistical effort to support the combat in Korea.
Hill AFB personnel quickly removed needed warplanes from storage, renovated them, and added them to active-service USAF flying squadrons.
Then during the 1960s, Hill AFB began to perform the maintenance support for various kinds of jet warplanes, mainly the F-4 Phantom II during the Vietnam War, and then afterwards, the more modern F-16 Fighting Falcon, A-10 Thunderbolt II and C-130 Hercules, and also air combat missile systems and air-to-ground rockets.
Hill AFB continues to carry out these tasks to the present day.
Role and operations.
Ogden Air Logistics Complex.
The Ogden Air Logistics Complex provides worldwide engineering and logistics management for the F-35 Lightning II, F-16 Fighting Falcon, A-10 Thunderbolt II, and Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile. 75th Air Base Wing.
The 75th Air Base Wing is responsible for the base operating support of all units at Hill AFB.
Hill Aerospace Museum.
Hill AFB has also housed the Hill Aerospace Museum since 1981.
This contains more than 80 retired USAF, U.S. Army Air Forces, U.S. Navy and former Warsaw Pact fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and missiles.
Utah Test and Training Range.
The Utah Test and Training Range is one of the only live-fire U.S. Air Force training ranges within the United States.
It is located in far western Utah, close to the Nevada border, and it extends both north and south of Interstate Highway 80, with several miles of separation on each side of the Interstate Highway.
The portion of the bombing range that lies north of Interstate 80 is also west of the Great Salt Lake.
The Utah Test and Training Range lies in Tooele County, and the land is owned by the state of Utah, but the use of the airspace and training exercises are scheduled by Hill AFB.
On September 8, 2004, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Genesis space probe crash-landed on the nearby U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, as planned.
Based units.
Flying and notable non-flying units based at Hill Air Force Base.
Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Hill, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.
United States Air Force.
Selby and Andrews were both sentenced to death for murder and aggravated robbery while Roberts, who had remained in a getaway vehicle, was convicted of robbery.
Evidence gathered from a trashbin on base and from the perpetrators' barracks was instrumental in their convictions.
One of the survivors of the attack, Cortney Naisbitt, later trained in computers and worked at Hill Air Force Base.
He won the bronze medal in the special figures event at the 1908 Summer Olympics, became one of the oldest figure skating Olympic medalists.
This was the only year in which special figures was an Olympic event.
Robert Marion "Fighting Bob" La Follette Sr. (June 14, 1855June 18, 1925), was an American lawyer and politician.
He represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and served as the governor of Wisconsin from 1901 to 1906.
A Republican for most of his life, he ran for president of the United States as the nominee of his own Progressive Party in the 1924 presidential election.
Historian John D. Buenker describes La Follette as "the most celebrated figure in Wisconsin history".
Born and raised in Wisconsin, La Follette won election as the Dane County District Attorney in 1880.
Four years later, he was elected to the House of Representatives, where he was friendly with party leaders like William McKinley.
After losing his seat in the 1890 election, La Follette regrouped.
As a populist he embraced progressivism and built up a coalition of disaffected Republicans.
He sought election as governor in 1896 and 1898 before winning the 1900 gubernatorial election.
As governor of Wisconsin, La Follette compiled a progressive record, implementing primary elections and tax reform.
La Follette won re-election in 1902 and 1904, but in 1905 the legislature elected him to the United States Senate.
His populist base was energized when he emerged as a national progressive leader in the Senate, often clashing with conservatives like Nelson Aldrich.
He initially supported President William Howard Taft, but broke with Taft after the latter failed to push a reduction in tariff rates.
He challenged Taft for the Republican presidential nomination in the 1912 presidential election, but his candidacy was overshadowed by that of former President Theodore Roosevelt.
La Follette's refusal to support Roosevelt alienated many progressives, and, though La Follette continued to serve in the Senate, he lost his stature as the leader of that chamber's progressive Republicans.
La Follette supported some of President Woodrow Wilson's policies, but he broke with the president over foreign policy.
During World War I, La Follette was one of the most outspoken opponents of the administration's domestic and international policies and was against the war.
With the Republican and Democratic Parties each nominating conservative candidates in the 1924 presidential election, left-wing groups coalesced behind La Follette's third-party candidacy.
With the support of the Socialist Party, farmer's groups, labor unions, and others, La Follette briefly appeared to be a serious threat to unseat Republican President Calvin Coolidge.
La Follette stated that his chief goal was to break the "combined power of the private monopoly system over the political and economic life of the American people", and he called for government ownership of railroads and electric utilities, cheap credit for farmers, the outlawing of child labor, stronger laws to help labor unions, protections for civil liberties, and a 10-year term for members of the federal judiciary.
His complicated alliance was difficult to manage, and the Republicans came together to win the 1924 election.
He died shortly after the presidential election, but his sons, Robert M. La Follette Jr. and Philip La Follette, succeeded him as progressive leaders in Wisconsin.
Early life.
Robert Marion La Follette Sr. was born on a farm in Primrose, Wisconsin, on June 14, 1855.
He was the youngest of five children born to Josiah La Follette and Mary Ferguson, who had settled in Wisconsin in 1850.
Josiah descended from French Huguenots, while Mary was of Scottish ancestry.
La Follette's great-great-grandfather, Joseph La Follette emigrated from France to New Jersey in 1745.
La Follette's great-grandfather moved to Kentucky, where they were neighbors to the Lincoln family.
Josiah died just eight months after Robert was born, and in 1862, Mary married John Saxton, a wealthy, seventy-year-old merchant.
La Follette's poor relationship with Saxton made for a difficult childhood.
Though his mother was a Democrat, La Follette became, like most of his neighbors, a member of the Republican Party.
La Follette began attending school at the age of four, though he often worked on the family farm.
After Saxton died in 1872, La Follette, his mother, and his older sister moved to the nearby town of Madison.
La Follette began attending the University of Wisconsin in 1875 and graduated in 1879 with a Bachelor of Science degree.
He was a mediocre student, but won a statewide oratory contest and established a student newspaper named the "University Press".
He was deeply influenced by the university's president, John Bascom, on issues of morality, ethics, and social justice.
During his time at the university, he became a vegetarian, declaring that his diet gave him more energy and a "clear head".
La Follette met Belle Case while attending the University of Wisconsin, and they married on December 31, 1881, at her family home in Baraboo, Wisconsin.
She became a leader in the feminist movement, an advocate of women's suffrage and an important influence on the development of La Follette's ideas.
Early political career.
House of Representatives.
La Follette was admitted to the state bar association in 1880.
That same year, he won election as the district attorney for Dane County, Wisconsin, beginning a long career in politics.
In 1884, he won election to the House of Representatives, becoming the youngest member of the subsequent 49th Congress.
He did, however, occasionally stray from the wishes of party leaders, as he voted for the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.
He also denounced racial discrimination in the Southern United States and favored the Lodge Bill, which would have provided federal protections against the mass disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South.
"Milwaukee Sentinel" referred to him as being "so good a fellow that even his enemies like him".
Views on racial and ethnic matters were not central to La Follette's political thinking.
His wife was a stronger proponent of civil rights.
At 35 years old, La Follette lost his seat in the 1890 Democratic landslide.
Several factors contributed to his loss, including a compulsory-education bill passed by the Republican-controlled state legislature in 1889.
Because the law required major subjects in schools to be taught in English, it contributed to a divide between the Catholic and Lutheran communities in Wisconsin.
La Follette's support for the protective McKinley Tariff may have also played a role in his defeat.
After the election, La Follette returned to Madison to begin a private law practice.
Author Kris Stahl wrote that due to his "extraordinarily energetic" and dominating personality, he became known as "Fighting Bob" La Follette.
Gubernatorial candidate.
In his autobiography, La Follette explains that he experienced a political epiphany in 1891 after Senator Philetus Sawyer attempted to bribe him.
La Follette claimed that Sawyer offered the bribe so that La Follette would influence his brother-in-law, Judge Robert G. Siebecker, who was presiding over a case involving state funds that Republican officials had allegedly embezzled.
La Follette's public allegation of bribery precipitated a split with many friends and party leaders, though he continued to support Republican candidates like John Coit Spooner.
He also strongly endorsed McKinley's run for president in the 1896 election, and he denounced Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan as a radical.
Rather than bolting the party or retiring from politics, La Follette began building a coalition of dissatisfied Republicans, many of whom were relatively young and well-educated.
Among his key allies were former governor William D. Hoard and Isaac Stephenson, the latter of whom published a pro-La Follette newspaper.
La Follette's coalition also included many individuals from the state's large Scandinavian population, including Nils P. Haugen, Irvine Lenroot, and James O. Davidson.
Beginning in 1894, La Follette's coalition focused on winning the office of Governor of Wisconsin.
With La Follette serving as his campaign manager, Haugen sought the Republican nomination for governor in 1894, but he was defeated by William H. Upham.
La Follette declined to run as an independent despite the pleas of some supporters, and after the election, he turned down an offer from President William McKinley to serve as the Comptroller of the Currency.
In 1897, La Follette began advocating the replacement of party caucuses and conventions, the traditional method of partisan nominations for office, with primary elections, which allowed voters to directly choose party nominees.
He also denounced the power of corporations, charging that they had taken control of the Republican Party.
These progressive stances had become increasingly popular in the wake of the Panic of 1893, a severe economic downturn that caused many to reevaluate their political beliefs.
La Follette ran for governor for the second time in 1898, but he was once again defeated by Scofield in the Republican primary.
In 1900, La Follette made a third bid for governor, and won the Republican nomination, in part because he reached an accommodation with many of the conservative party leaders.
Running in a strong year for Republicans nationwide, La Follette decisively defeated his Democratic opponent Louis G. Bomrich in the general election, winning just under 60 percent of the vote.
Upon taking office, La Follette called for an ambitious reform agenda, with his two top priorities being the implementation of primary elections and a reform of the state's tax system.
La Follette initially hoped to work with the conservative faction of the Republican Party to pass these reforms, but conservatives and railroad interests broke with the governor.
La Follette vetoed a primary election bill that would have applied only to local elections, while the state Senate voted to officially censure the governor after he attacked the legislature for failing to vote on his tax bill.
Conservative party leaders attempted to deny La Follette renomination in 1902, but La Follette's energized supporters overcame the conservatives and took control of the state convention, implementing a progressive party platform.
In the 1902 general election, La Follette decisively defeated the conservative Democratic nominee, Mayor David Stuart Rose of Milwaukee.
In the aftermath of the 1902 election, the state legislature enacted the direct primary (subject to a statewide referendum) and La Follette's tax reform bill.
The new tax law, which required railroads to pay taxes based on property owned rather than profits, resulted in railroads paying nearly double the amount of taxes they had paid before the enactment of the law.
Having accomplished his first two major goals, La Follette next focused on regulating railroad rates, but the railroads prevented passage of his bill in 1903.
During this period, La Follette became increasingly convinced of the need for a direct income tax in order to minimize tax avoidance by the wealthy.
During his governorship, La Follette appointed African-American William Miller for a position in his office.
After the legislature adjourned in mid-1903, La Follette began lecturing on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering 57 speeches across the Midwest.
He also earned the attention of muckraker journalists like Ray Stannard Baker and Lincoln Steffens, many of whom supported La Follette's progressive agenda.
In the general election in Wisconsin that year, La Follette won 51 percent of the vote, but he ran far behind Republican President Theodore Roosevelt, who took 63 percent of the Wisconsin's vote in the national election by comparison.
In that same election, Wisconsin voters approved the implementation of the direct primary.
During the 1904 campaign, La Follette pledged that he would not resign as governor during his term, but after winning re-election he directed state representative Irvine Lenroot, a close political ally, to secure his election to the United States Senate.
La Follette was formally nominated by the Republican caucus on January 23, 1905, and the state legislature chose him the following day.
La Follette delayed accepting the nomination and continued to serve as governor until December 1905, when he announced his resignation.
Throughout 1905, La Follette continued to push his progressive policies, including the state regulation of railroad rates.
The state legislature passed a relatively weak regulation bill that La Follette considered vetoing, but he ultimately signed the law.
Lieutenant Governor James O. Davidson succeeded La Follette as governor and went on to win re-election in 1906.
La Follette immediately emerged as a progressive leader in the Senate.
He also began campaigning across the country, advocating for the election of progressive senators.
Conservative party leaders, including Spooner and Nelson W. Aldrich, detested La Follette, viewing him as a dangerous demagogue.
Hoping to deprive La Follette of as much influence as possible, Aldrich and his allies assigned La Follette to insignificant committees and loaded him down with routine work.
Nonetheless, La Follette found ways to attack monopolistic coal companies, and he pressed for an expansion of the railroad regulation powers of the Interstate Commerce Committee.
With the help of sympathetic journalists, La Follette also led the passage of the 1907 Railway Hours Act, which prohibited railroad workers from working for more than 16 consecutive hours.
Though he initially enjoyed warm relations with President Roosevelt, La Follette soured somewhat on the president after Roosevelt declined to support some progressive measures like physical valuation of Railroad properties.
When Roosevelt did not support La Follette's bill to withdraw mineral land from corporate exploitation, La Follette told to Belle that Roosevelt "throws me down every day or so".
Meanwhile, La Follette alienated some of his supporters in Wisconsin by favoring Stephenson, his main donor, over Lenroot in an election to fill the seat of retiring Senator John Coit Spooner.
He alleged that the panic had been engineered by the "Money Trust", a group of 97 large corporations that sought to use the panic to destroy competitors and force the government to prop up their businesses.
La Follette was unable to prevent the passage of the bill, but his 19-hour speech, the longest filibuster in Senate history up to that point, proved popular throughout the country.
Beginning in 1908, La Follette repeatedly sought election as the president.
La Follette hoped that the backing of influential journalists like Lincoln Steffens and William Randolph Hearst would convince Republican leaders to nominate him for president in 1908, but he was unable to build a strong base of support outside of Wisconsin.
Though he entered the 1908 Republican National Convention with the backing of most Wisconsin delegates, no delegates outside of his home state backed his candidacy.
At the start of the convention, Secretary of War William Howard Taft was President Roosevelt's preferred choice, but Taft was opposed by some conservatives in the party.
La Follette hoped that he might emerge as the Republican presidential nominee after multiple ballots, but Taft won the nomination on the first ballot of the convention.
La Follette was nonetheless pleased that the party platform called for a reduction of the tariff and that Taft indicated that he would emulate Roosevelt's support for progressive policies.
Taft defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 election, and several progressives were victorious in the concurrent congressional elections.
In early 1909, La Follette launched "La Follette's Weekly Magazine", which quickly achieved a circulation of well over 30,000.
In March 1924, La Follette contributed to the appointment of African-American Walter I. Cohen as Comptroller of the Port of New Orleans.
Along with Jonathan P. Dolliver, La Follette led a progressive faction of Republicans in the Senate that clashed with Aldrich over the reduction of tariff rates.
Their fight for tariff reduction was motivated by a desire to lower prices for consumers, as they believed that the high rates of the 1897 Dingley Act unfairly protected large corporations from competition and thereby allowed those corporations to charge high prices.
The progressives did, however, begin the process of proposing the Sixteenth Amendment, which would effectively allow the federal government to levy an income tax.
In late 1909, Taft fired Louis Glavis, an official of the Department of the Interior who had alleged that Secretary of the Interior Richard A. Ballinger favored the illegal expansion of coal mining on government land in Alaska.
La Follette's progressives strongly criticized the Taft administration for its handling of the controversy and initiated a congressional investigation into the affair.
La Follette's successful re-election campaign in early 1911 further bolstered his position as the leader of the progressive faction of the Republican Party.
In January 1911, after consulting with sympathetic journalists and public officials, La Follette launched the National Progressive Republican League, an organization devoted to passing progressive laws such as primary elections, the direct election of U.S. senators, and referendums.
La Follette hoped that the league would also form a base of support for a challenge against Taft for the 1912 Republican presidential nomination.
The league won the endorsement of nine senators, 16 congressmen, four governors, and well-known individuals such as Pinchot and Louis Brandeis, but notably lacked the support of former President Roosevelt.
Explaining his refusal to join the league, Roosevelt asserted that he viewed the organization as too radical, stating his "wish to follow in the path of Abraham Lincoln rather than in the path of John Brown and Wendell Phillips".
By mid-1911, most progressives believed that the battle for the 1912 Republican nomination would be waged between La Follette and Taft, but La Follette himself feared that Roosevelt would jump into the race.
Many progressive leaders strongly criticized La Follette for focusing on writing his autobiography rather than on campaigning across the country.
Roosevelt announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in early 1912, but La Follette rejected the request of Pinchot and some other progressive leaders to drop out of the race and endorse the former president.
In Philadelphia on February 2, 1912, La Follette delivered a disastrous speech to the Periodical Publishers Banquet.
He spoke for two hours before an audience of 500 nationally influential magazine editors and writers.
It was a shocking scene.
It ends him for the Presidency.Most of the audience decided La Follette had suffered a mental breakdown, and most of his supporters shifted to Roosevelt.
La Follette's family said he was distraught after learning that his daughter, Mary, required surgery.
She recovered but his candidacy did not.
Nonetheless, La Follette continued to campaign, focusing his attacks on Roosevelt rather than Taft.
La Follette hoped to rejuvenate his campaign with victories in the 1912 Republican primaries, but was able to win in only Wisconsin and North Dakota.
He continued to oppose Roosevelt at the 1912 Republican National Convention, which ultimately re-nominated Taft.
Roosevelt's supporters bolted the Republican Party, established the Progressive Party, and nominated Roosevelt on a third party ticket.
La Follette continued to attack Roosevelt as a traitor to the progressive cause.
He remained neutral in the three-way general election contest between Roosevelt, Taft, and the Democratic nominee, Woodrow Wilson.
With the Republican Party split, Wilson emerged triumphant in the 1912 election.
La Follette's conduct during the campaign destroyed his standing as the leader of progressive Republicans in the Senate, as many progressives believed that La Follette's refusal to work with Roosevelt had damaged the progressive cause and abetted Taft's re-nomination as Republican candidate.
La Follette initially hoped to work closely with the Wilson administration, but Wilson ultimately chose to rely on congressional Democrats to pass legislation.
Nonetheless, La Follette was the lone Republican senator to vote for the Revenue Act of 1913, which lowered tariff rates and levied a federal income tax.
La Follette and his fellow progressives challenged Wilson's proposed Federal Reserve Act as being overly-friendly towards the banking establishment, but Wilson convinced Democrats to enact his bill.
In the 1914 mid-term elections, La Follette and his progressive allies in Wisconsin suffered a major defeat when conservative railroad executive Emanuel L. Philipp won election as governor.
La Follette fended off a primary challenge in 1916 and went on to decisively defeat his Democratic opponent in the general election, but Philipp also won re-election.
By 1916, foreign policy had emerged as the key issue in the country, and La Follette strongly opposed American interventions in Latin America.
After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, La Follette praised the Wilson administration's policy of neutrality, but he broke with the president as Wilson pursued policies favorable to the Allied Powers.
Theodore Roosevelt called him a "skunk who ought to be hanged" when he opposed the arming of American merchant ships.
La Follette opposed United States entry into World War I.
On April 4, 1917, the day of the vote on a war declaration by the US Congress, La Follette in a debate before the US Senate said, "Stand firm against the war and the future will honor you.
Collective homicide can not establish human rights.
For our country to enter the European war would be treason to humanity."
La Follette faced immediate pushback, including by the "Wisconsin State Journal", whose editorial claimed La Follette to be acting on behalf of German interests.
The newspaper said, "It reveals his position to be decidedly pro-German (and) un-American...
It is nothing short of pathetic to witness a man like La Follette, whose many brave battles for democracy have endeared him to the hearts of hundreds of thousands of Americans, now lending himself to the encouragement of autocracy.
And that is all it is".
After the U.S. declared war, La Follette denounced many of the administration's wartime policies, including the Selective Service Act of 1917 and the Espionage Act of 1917.
This earned the ire of many Americans, who believed that La Follette was a traitor to his country, effectively supporting Germany.
After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in late 1917, La Follette supported the Bolsheviks, whom he believed to be "struggling to establish an industrial democracy".
He denounced the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War in 1919, which he thought stemmed from Wilson's desire to prevent the spread of socialism.
During the First Red Scare, a post-war period in the United States marked by the widespread fear of socialism and anarchism, La Follette condemned the Palmer Raids, sought the repeal of the Espionage Act, and proposed amnesty for political prisoners like Eugene V. Debs.
Along with a diverse array of progressive and conservative Republican senators, he helped prevent the U.S. from ratifying the Treaty of Versailles.
La Follette believed that the League of Nations, a vital component of the Treaty of Versailles, was primarily designed to protect the dominant financial interests of the United States and the Allied Powers.
La Follette retained influence in Wisconsin after the war, and he led a progressive delegation to the 1920 Republican National Convention.
After the Republican Party nominated conservative senator Warren G. Harding, La Follette explored a third-party presidential bid, though he ultimately did not seek the presidency because various progressive groups were unable to agree on a platform.
After the 1920 presidential election, which was won by Harding, La Follette became part of a "farm bloc" of congressmen who sought federal farm loans, a reduction in tariff rates, and other policies designed to help farmers.
He also resisted the tax cuts proposed by Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon, and his opposition helped prevent Congress from cutting taxes as deeply as had been proposed by the secretary of the treasury.
In 1922, La Follette decisively defeated a primary challenge from conservative allies of President Harding, and he went on to win re-election with 81 percent of the vote.
Nationwide, the elections saw the defeat of many conservative Republicans, leaving La Follette and his allies with control of the balance of power in Congress.
After the Supreme Court struck down a federal child labor law, La Follette became increasingly critical of the Court, and he proposed an amendment that would allow Congress to repass any law declared unconstitutional.
La Follette also began investigations into the Harding administration, and his efforts ultimately helped result in the unearthing of the Teapot Dome scandal.
Harding died in August 1923 and was succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge, who was firmly in the conservative wing of the Republican Party.
In the American and British versions, he continued to oppose the treaty oversight settlement and continued to reject the League of Nations.
He advocated self-government for Ireland, India, Egypt, and withdrawal of foreign interest from China.
By 1922, he focused primarily on domestic affairs. 1924 presidential campaign.
By 1924, conservatives were ascendant in both major parties.
In 1923, La Follette began planning for a third party run for the presidency, sending his allies to various states to build up a base of support and ensure ballot access.
In early 1924, a group of labor unions, socialists, and farm groups, inspired by the success of Britain's Labour Party, established the Conference for Progressive Political Action (CPPA) as an umbrella organization of left-wing groups.
Aside from labor unions and farm groups, the CPPA also included groups representing African Americans, women, and college voters.
The CPPA scheduled a national convention to nominate a candidate for president in July 1924.
La Follette had changed his previous pro-Bolshevik stance after visiting the Soviet Union in late 1923, where he had seen the impact of Communism on civil liberties and political rights.
During that same time, La Follette visited England, Germany and Italy, where he expressed his dismay at the lack of freedom in the press to leader Benito Mussolini.
With other left-wing groups supporting La Follette, the Communist Party nominated its first ever candidate for president, William Z.
Foster.
On July 3, 1924, one day before the CPPA convention, La Follette announced his candidacy in the 1924 presidential election, stating that, "to break the combined power of the private monopoly system over the political and economic life of the American people is the one paramount issue."
The CPPA convention, which was dominated by supporters of La Follette, quickly endorsed his presidential bid.
La Follette's first choice for his running mate, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court Louis Brandeis, refused to join the campaign.
The convention instead nominated Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana, a progressive Democrat who had refused to endorse John W. Davis, the Democratic nominee for president.
Though the Socialists pushed for a full slate of candidates, at La Follette's insistence, the CPPA did not establish a formal third party or field candidates for races other than the presidency.
La Follette would appear on the ballot in every state except Louisiana, but his ticket was known by a variety of labels, including "Progressive", "Socialist", "Non-Partisan", and "Independent".
After the convention, the Socialist Party of America, acting on the advice of perennial presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs, endorsed La Follette's candidacy.
The American Federation of Labor and numerous other worker's groups also threw their support behind La Follette.
Among the notable individuals who endorsed La Follette were birth control activist Margaret Sanger, African-American leader W. E. B.
Du Bois, economist Thorstein Veblen, and newspaper publisher E. W. Scripps.
Harold L. Ickes and some other progressives who had supported Roosevelt's 1912 candidacy threw their backing behind La Follette, though others, including Gifford Pinchot, endorsed Coolidge.
Another group supporting La Follette was the Steuben Society, a German-American organization that claimed a membership of six million.
La Follette's platform was based on many of the issues that he had been campaigning on throughout his political career.
He called for government ownership of the railroads and electric utilities, cheap credit for farmers, the outlawing of child labor, stronger laws to help labor unions, more protection of civil liberties, an end to American imperialism in Latin America, and a referendum before any president could again lead the nation into war.
Professional gamblers initially gave La Follette a 16-to-1 odds of winning, and many expected that his candidacy would force a contingent election in the House of Representatives.
As election day approached, however, those hoping for a La Follette victory became more pessimistic.
The various groups supporting La Follette often clashed, and his campaign was not nearly as well-financed as those of Davis and especially Coolidge.
Corporate leaders, who saw in La Follette the specter of class warfare, mobilized against his third-party candidacy.
Republicans campaigned on a "Coolidge or chaos" platform, arguing that the election of La Follette would severely disrupt economic growth.
Having little fear of a Democratic victory, the Republican Party mainly focused its campaign attacks on La Follette.
In August and September, La Follette expressed his opposition to the Ku Klux Klan, describing the organization as containing "seeds of death" in its own body and his hatred for immigration quotas on the basis of racial discrimination, while defending control of immigration regarding economic issues.
In response to La Follette's statements regarding the Klan, Imperial Wizard Hiram Wesley Evans denounced La Follette as being the "arch enemy of the country".
Ultimately, La Follette took 16.6 percent of the vote, while Coolidge won a majority of the popular and electoral vote.
La Follette carried his home state of Wisconsin and finished second in eleven states, all of which were west of the Mississippi River.
He performed best in rural areas and working-class urban areas, with much of his support coming from individuals affiliated with the Socialist Party.
La Follette's 16.6 percent showing represents the third best popular vote showing for a third party since the American Civil War (after Roosevelt in 1912 and Ross Perot in 1992), and with him winning of his home state of Wisconsin.
The CPPA dissolved shortly after the election as various groups withdrew support.
Death and legacy.
La Follette died in Washington, D.C., of a cardiovascular disease, complicated by bronchitis and pneumonia, on June 18, 1925, four days after his 70th birthday.
He was buried in the Forest Hill Cemetery on the near west side of Madison, Wisconsin.
After his death, his Senate seat was offered to his wife, Belle Case La Follette, but she declined the offer.
Subsequently, his son Robert M. La Follette Jr. was elected to the seat.
After her husband's death, Belle Case remained an influential figure and editor.
By the mid-1930s, the La Follettes had reformed the Progressive Party on the state level in the form of the Wisconsin Progressive Party.
The party quickly, if briefly, became the dominant political power in the state, electing seven Progressive congressmen in 1934 and 1936.
Their younger son, Philip La Follette, was elected Governor of Wisconsin, while their older son, Robert M. La Follette Jr., succeeded his father as senator.
La Follette's daughter, Fola La Follette, was a prominent suffragette and labor activist and was married to the playwright George Middleton.
A grandson, Bronson La Follette, served several terms as the Attorney General of Wisconsin and was the 1968 Democratic gubernatorial nominee.
La Follette has also influenced numerous other progressive politicians outside of Wisconsin, including Floyd B. Olson, Upton Sinclair, Fiorello La Guardia, and Wayne Morse.
Senator and 2020 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders has frequently been compared to La Follette.
In 1957, a Senate Committee chaired by Senator John F. Kennedy selected La Follette to be one of the five senators to be listed in the Senate "Hall of Fame", along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, and Robert A. Taft.
A 1982 survey asking historians to rank the "ten greatest Senators in the nation's history" based on "accomplishments in office" and "long range impact on American history", placed La Follette first, tied with Henry Clay.
Writing in 1998, historian John D. Buenker described La Follette as "the most celebrated figure in Wisconsin history".
La Follette is represented by one of two statues from Wisconsin in the National Statuary Hall.
An oval portrait of La Follette, painted by his cousin, Chester La Follette, also hangs in the Senate.
The Robert M. La Follette House in Maple Bluff, Wisconsin, is a National Historic Landmark.
Other things named for La Follette include La Follette High School in Madison, the Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the town of La Follette, Wisconsin.
The "Fighting Bob Festival" is an annual September tribute event held by Wisconsin progressives, sponsored by The Progressive and The Capital Times"."
It was founded in 2001 by Wisconsin labor lawyer and activist Ed Garvey.
The Chautauqua-inspired Fighting Bob Fest has been held in Baraboo, Madison, La Crosse, Milwaukee, and Stevens Point.
Patrick Adebola is a Nigerian Agricultural Research Scientist.
His specialty is Applied Genetics, Plant Breeding and biotechnology.
He has been the executive director of Cocoa Research Institute, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria since 2020.
He is also the secretary of Nigeria's National Cocoa Management Committee.
Education.
Patrick Adebola obtained his BSc (1987), MSc (1990)and PhD (2003) degrees from the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
In 2014 he obtained a Master's degree in Business Leadership (MBL) from the Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa.
Career.
He had started his career at Cocoa Research Institute, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria as a research scientist in 1993.
By 2004, he had risen to the position of Assistant Chief Research Officer and Program Manager Biotechnology in the organization.
In 2016, he moved to Africa Rice Centre, Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI), Liberia.
He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1858 and served in the Utah expedition.
After the Civil War broke out he was named colonel of an infantry regiment and accompanied the New Orleans expedition in 1862.
He led an infantry brigade at Fort Bisland and Port Hudson in 1863.
He led a cavalry brigade in the Red River campaign in 1864.
After the war he practiced law and wrote two religious books.
Early career.
Oliver Paul Gooding was born in Moscow, Indiana, on 29 January 1835.
He and his parents moved to Greenfield, Indiana, in 1837.
He enrolled in the U.S. Military Academy, commonly known as West Point, at 18 years of age.
He graduated 24th out of 27 in his class in 1858.
He was posted to the 4th U.S. Infantry at Fort Columbus in New York Harbor as a brevet second lieutenant.
On 5 February 1859, Gooding was promoted to full second lieutenant and assigned to the 10th U.S. Infantry.
He joined his unit at Fort Bridger in August 1859 and participated in the Utah War, a dispute between Mormon pioneers and the United States.
In 1861 he was ordered to return to Washington, D.C. and on 7 May 1861, he was promoted to first lieutenant in the 10th Infantry.
Civil War.
1862.
On 18 February 1862, Gooding was promoted colonel of the 31st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment and sent to the Gulf of Mexico.
On 8 March 1862, the first three regiments of Major General Benjamin F. Butler's expedition landed at Ship Island.
Other Union army units, including Gooding's regiment, arrived shortly afterward.
Butler's army occupied the city on 1 May.
Butler's occupation force numbered about 6,000 troops and was made up of six infantry regiments, including Gooding's 31st Massachusetts, two cavalry companies, and three artillery batteries.
From 20 September 1862, to 19 January 1863, Gooding commanded Forts Jackson and St. Philip.
On 8 November 1862, Butler was replaced in command of the Department of the Gulf by Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, who was to be reinforced by 10,000 troops.
The formal transfer occurred on 16 December.
1863.
At the end of March 1863, Banks began preparing for the First Bayou Teche campaign.
He planned to frontally assault Major General Richard Taylor's Confederate force near Pattersonville while a flanking column under Brigadier General Cuvier Grover moved up the Atchafalaya River on transports to attack Taylor from the rear.
The Confederates entrenched defense lines on the narrow strips of land on each side of Bayou Teche.
On each bank of the bayou, the Confederates had 1,500 soldiers whose flanks were guarded by impassible swamps and canebrakes.
Gooding led a brigade of five regiments that attacked the Confederate position on the east bank, while Brigadier Generals Godfrey Weitzel and Halbert E. Paine attacked on the west bank.
Gooding's men were opposed by the 7th Texas Cavalry Regiment and Brigadier General Alfred Mouton's Louisiana brigade.
On the morning of 13 April, Gooding was ordered to move to the east bank and take command of all the troops there.
These were the 31st Massachusetts, 38th Massachusetts, 53rd Massachusetts, 156th New York, and the 175th New York Infantry Regiments, the 1st Maine Battery, and a detachment of Louisiana cavalry.
The attack was never ordered because Grover's movement was slow to develop.
When the Union soldiers mounted an attack on the morning of 14 April, they found the Confederates were gone.
Losses were 31st Massachusetts (1 killed, 5 wounded), 38th Massachusetts (6 killed, 29 wounded), 53rd Massachusetts (3 killed, 9 wounded), 156th New York (4 killed, 18 wounded), 175th New York (1 killed, 6 wounded), 1st Maine Battery (2 wounded), 1st Louisiana Cavalry (3 wounded).
Gooding claimed that the 156th New York overran a Confederate breastwork, capturing 86 men, and that his troops captured 130 Confederates altogether.
On 17 April, Gooding's brigade was attached to Grover's division and was present at the Battle of Vermillion Bayou.
The brigade included the 31st, 38th, and 53rd Massachusetts and the 156th New York.
During the siege, the brigade's losses were 48 killed, 265 wounded, and 8 missing.
Banks ordered an assault on 27 May, but it was a complete failure and cost 1,995 Union casualties.
Banks' orders were not explicit and one of his division commanders willfully disobeyed his instructions, so that the attacks were not simultaneous.
Gooding's brigade was in reserve during the 27 May assault.
Gooding's brigade participated in the 14 June assault.
Advancing in the open, the soldiers met withering fire from the defenders and immediately went to ground, unable to get forward, and Paine was badly wounded.
The failed 14 June assault cost the Union 1,792 casualties.
Gooding took a leave of absence, then commanded the District of Baton Rouge from 1 September to 19 October 1863.
Afterward, he served on a military commission in Washington, D.C. until 27 January 1864.
During the Red River campaign, Gooding led the 5th Brigade in Brigadier General Albert Lindley Lee's Cavalry Division, XIX Corps.
The brigade consisted of the 18th New York Cavalry and 2nd New York Veteran Cavalry Regiments, and part of the 3rd Rhode Island Cavalry.
At the beginning of April 1864, Banks' army occupied Natchitoches, Louisiana, and part of Gooding's brigade was sent on a reconnaissance to the opposite bank of the Red River.
On 4 April, while Gooding's brigade was on the east bank of the Red River, Major General A. J. Smith ordered him to clear some of St. John Richardson Liddell's Confederates out of Campti.
Gooding's troopers drove the Confederates out of the town, but needed assistance from the 5th Minnesota Infantry to drive them out of the area.
On 6 April, Gooding's brigade was switched to the west bank to protect the left flank and rear of Banks' army.
The rest of Lee's cavalry was leading the march.
On 8 April, Banks' army was routed at the Battle of Mansfield.
Though the Union troops repulsed the Confederates at the Battle of Pleasant Hill on 9 April, Banks soon abandoned the campaign.
A bullet grazed Gooding's scalp at Pleasant Hill.
After the Actions near Alexandria, the Union army evacuated Alexandria on 13 May.
Hearing that Union soldiers planned to burn down the town, a citizen asked Banks if it were true.
The Union commander replied that Gooding had 500 men who were to protect the town against arsonists.
When shown a note to that effect from Banks, Gooding professed complete ignorance of any such instructions and said, "This is just like old Banks."
Gooding briefly led a cavalry division from 5 June to 11 July 1864.
Subsequently, he commanded a cavalry brigade from 23 September to 11 November 1864.
He was mustered out of volunteer service on 26 November 1864 and was Inspecting Officer until his resignation on 20 March 1865.
He was brevetted Brigadier General for Port Hudson and brevetted Major General for the Red River campaign on 13 March 1865.
Later career.
In fall 1865, Gooding moved to Washington D.C. and resumed his study of the law.
He was admitted to the Washington D.C. bar on 6 January 1866 and practiced law there until 1869.
He retired to Greenfield, Indiana, but in February 1874 he moved to St. Louis where he resumed practicing law.
In 1881, he was appointed General Attorney of the Insurance Department of Missouri.
Historian Mark M. Boatner III stated that he was a police commissioner in St. Louis.
He wrote two books, "The People's God vs. the Monarchic God" in 1892 and "The People's Holy Bible" in 1895.
Keith Holland (born 6 December 1935) is a British former racing driver from England who competed in various classes of racing in the 1960s and 1970s.
He is known for winning the 1969 Madrid Grand Prix in a Formula 5000 car in a field which contained several Formula One entries.
He was also a regular competitor in the British Formula 5000 Championship finishing third in the title standings on two occasions.
Racing career.
Early career.
Holland's career began in 1961, with a Lotus 11, yielding a third-place finish in the Boxing Day meeting at Brands Hatch.
He continued in 1962, with a GSM Delta competing in only three national level, or above, races.
In 1963, Holland entered the Guards Trophy (S2.0 class) at Brands Hatch in a Diva GT but did not finish.
Holland next appeared at national level in the 1967 Brands Hatch six-hour race.
He competed alongside entrant Terry Drury in a Ford GT40 and finished 14th.
Although Holland entered other events in 1967, he did not actually compete in them.
In 1968, Holland again entered the Brands Hatch six-hour race, together with the Monza 1000 km race, in Drury's GT40, but did not finish either event.
Holland then returned to domestic racing with a Lotus 47 before competing in a six-hour race at Surfers Paradise in an , finishing fifth.
He then finished 12th in the Guards Trophy at Brands Hatch with the Lotus 47, and was entered for the 1968 24 Hours of Le Mans alongside Drury in the GT40, but did not attend.
1969 Madrid Grand Prix.
Holland took part in the 1969 Madrid Grand Prix at Jarama with a Formula 5000 Lola T142-Chevrolet V8 entered by Alan Fraser.
The race was originally intended as a full-scale Grand Prix-type event as the Spanish Grand Prix had been moved to Barcelona.
However, a clash of dates meant that a relatively small mixed field of F5000 and F1 cars took part.
Holland led early in the race, after Tony Dean (BRM P261) spun at the start, but was passed by Peter Gethin in an F5000 McLaren-Chevrolet.
Towards the end, Holland had to drop back slightly due to water temperature issues, but on the last lap, Gethin's Chevrolet engine broke a connecting-rod and despite spinning on his own final lap, Holland was able to win the race. 1969 also saw Holland enter the French Formula Three Championship with Fraser's Brabham BT15 and finish eighth in the Oulton Park Gold Cup with the Lola T142.
He competed in the British Formula Three Championship in a Brabham BT21 finishing 27th in the title standings with three points.
However, his 1969 British F5000 season was more successful, achieving fourth place in the championship, with six podium finishes.
In 1970, Holland entered the Australian Grand Prix (at that time run to F5000 rules) in a McLaren M10B-Chevrolet.
He qualified in eighth position but retired after nine laps with an oil-pump problem.
He also competed in the British F5000 championship in Fraser's Lola, finishing in 12th place in the standings with eight points from five races.
Formula 5000.
He was classified 14th in the title standings with two points.
He participated in the 1971 British Formula 5000 championship with the McLaren finishing in 16th place with four points from eight races.
At the 1971 World Championship Victory Race, Holland was classified 15th, in the McLaren, in a race stopped at 15 laps following a fatal accident to Jo Siffert.
Holland entered the 1972 International Gold Cup with the McLaren-Chevrolet.
He did not finish, retiring after 31 laps with broken engine mountings.
He subsequently participated in the Rothmans 50,000 race at Brands Hatch with a Lola T190 (F5000) entered by Chris Featherstone.
He qualified in 29th position and thus took part in the main race, for the first 30 qualifiers, where he finished 13th but 12 laps behind.
At the John Player Challenge Trophy, Holland finished 11th in a Chevron B24 entered by Sid Taylor Racing.
In the 1972 British F5000 championship, Holland competed in eight races and was classified eighth in the championship with 16 points.
He achieved two podium finishes and two fastest laps.
In the 1972 World Championship Victory Race, he finished 11th in a Chevron B24.
In 1973, Holland finished third in the British F5000 Championship, using both a Trojan T101 and a Lola T190 entered by Ian Ward Racing.
He achieved a total of 116 points from 15 races, with wins at Mallory Park and Mondello Park, each with the Trojan.
He had one further podium finish together with two pole positions and two fastest laps.
At the 1973 International Trophy, Holland finished 10th with the Trojan and at the 1973 Race of Champions qualified 11th but did not finish due to a rear wing problem.
In the 1974 British F5000 Championship, Holland dropped to 19th in the title standings with 20 points from eight races, including two podium finishes, and used both a Trojan T102 and a Lola T332.
Entries were made for the 1974 Race of Champions and the International Trophy but Holland did not start at either event.
However, co-driven by Tony Birchenhough and Brian Joscelyne he achieved a tenth-place finish in the Brands Hatch 1,000km race using a Lola T294, but again paired with Birchenhough, did not finish the Kyalami six-hour race.
The 1975 British F5000 Championship saw Holland finish in 25th position with 10 points, having only competed in one event.
However, in 1976, with the series renamed as Shellsport International and run to Formula Libre rules, Holland finished third in the standings using a Lola T400, with a win at Brands Hatch in October, three other podium finishes and two pole positions.
Holland began the 1977 series with a second place at Mallory Park but achieved only one other podium-finish and dropped to eighth in the championship with 63 points.
In 1978, Holland competed in the Rothmans International Series which was part of the Australian Formula 1 category and at that time included cars to F5000 specification.
He finished 10th in the championship with 3 points from four races.
Personal life.
The winning car from the 1969 Madrid Grand Prix was restored in 2004 as part of the UK television series "Salvage Squad".
Brettonwood High School, in Durban, South Africa, opened in January 1966, is named after Brettonwood Avenue, which is at the intersection of the main entrance.
It was known as Brettonwood Boys' High School until it became co-educational at the start of the academic year in January 1974.
The school's motto is "Audacior", meaning very bold, extremely courageous, more daring (than the rest).
History.
The first headmaster was Cyril Harcourt, an Englishman who had served with the Royal Navy during the Second World War.
His English background was evident in the traditions introduced into the school.
The school uniform was a black blazer with badge, long grey trousers (envoy 4244 "Special Grey for Brettonwood" with 1 inch Turn ups), white shirt, black shoes and a boater.
The full uniform, excluding boater, was required to be worn when outside the classroom and with the boater when outside the school.
In the school's first year there were four classes, two of standard 6 and two of standard 7.
In 1969 the school had its first matriculation class.
During the initial years sports were restricted to rugby, cricket and athletics.
A wider range is now offered.
He starred in several low-budget "race" Western feature films aimed at black audiences, "Harlem on the Prairie" (1937), "Two-Gun Man from Harlem" (1938), "Rhythm Rodeo" (1938), "The Bronze Buckaroo" (1939) and "Harlem Rides the Range" (1939).
He also acted in several other films and television shows.
During his acting career he was usually billed as Herbert Jeffrey (sometimes "Herbert Jeffries" or "Herbert Jeffries, Sensational Singing Cowboy").
In the 1940s and 1950s Jeffries recorded for a number of labels, including RCA Victor, Exclusive, Coral, Decca, Bethlehem, Columbia, Mercury and Trend.
His album "Jamaica", recorded by RKO, is a concept album of self-composed calypso songs.
Early life and ethnicity.
Jeffries was born Umberto Alexander Valentino in Detroit to a white Irish mother who ran a rooming house.
His father, whom he never knew, was of mixed French Canadian, Italian and Moorish roots.
He also claimed that his paternal great-grandmother was an Ethiopian with the surname of Carey.
Firm evidence of Jeffries's race and age is hard to come by, but census documents from 1920 described him as mulatto and listed his father as a black man named Howard Jeffrey.
Jeffries himself, late in life, said that Howard Jeffrey was his stepfather, and his biological father was Domenico Balentino, a Sicilian who died in World War I. Jeffries once described himself in an interview as "three-eighths Negro", claiming pride in an African American heritage during a period when many light-skinned black performers were attempting "to pass" as all-white in an effort to broaden their commercial appeal.
In marked contrast, Jeffries used make-up to darken his skin in order to pursue a career in jazz and to be seen as employable by the leading all-black musical ensembles of the day.
Much later in his career, Jeffries identified as white for economic or highly personal reasons.
"Jet" reported that Jeffries identified as White and stated his "real" name as "Herbert Jeffrey Ball" on an application in order to marry Tempest Storm in 1959.
In the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, he dropped out of high school to earn a living as a singer.
He showed great interest in singing during his formative teenage years and was often found hanging out with the Howard Buntz Orchestra at various Detroit ballrooms.
Intensely musical from boyhood, he began performing in a local speakeasy where he caught the attention of Louis Armstrong, who gave the teenager a note of recommendation for Erskine Tate at the Savoy Ballroom in Chicago.
Knowing that Tate fronted an all-black band, Jeffries claimed to be a Creole and was offered a position as a featured singer three nights a week.
Later he toured with Earl "Fatha" Hines's Orchestra in the Deep South.
A 2007 documentary short describes Jeffries as "assuming the identity of a man of color" early in his career.
Music career.
From Detroit, at the urging of Louis Armstrong, Jeffries moved to Chicago where he performed in various clubs.
One of his first gigs was in a club allegedly owned by Al Capone.
Jeffries began his career working with Erskine Tate and his Vendome Orchestra.
Tate signed the 19-year-old Jeffries to a contract with his Orchestra at the Savoy Ballroom in Chicago.
His break came during the 1933 Chicago World's Fair A Century of Progress International Exposition singing with the Earl Hines Orchestra on Hines' national broadcasts live from the Grand Terrace Cafe.
His first recordings were with Hines in 1934, including "Just to be in Carolina".
By 1940, he was singing with the Duke Ellington Orchestra and then recorded with him from 1940 to 1942.
His 1940 recording of "Flamingo" with Ellington, released in 1941, sold more than 14 million copies in its day.
His name had been Herbert Jeffrey, but the credits on the record mistakenly called him Jeffries, so he renamed himself to match the typo.
During his time with the Duke Ellington Orchestra as a lead vocalist, Jeffries proved his talent as a mature singer, demonstrating his wide vocal range in such songs as "I Don't Know What Kind of Blues I've Got," "The Brownskin Gal," and "Jump for Joy" (all 1941).
The 1944 single "My Little Brown Book" by Ellington and his Famous Orchestra, on which Jeffries provided vocals, reached No.
He started out his singing career as a lyrical tenor, but, on the advice of Duke Ellington's longtime music arranger, Billy Strayhorn, he lowered his range to mimic the vocal stylings of crooner Bing Crosby.
Jeffries became a "silken, lusty baritone," according to music critic Jonny Whiteside. 2), on which he was accompanied by pianist Joe Liggins and his band Honeydrippers.
Then, he moved to Europe and performed there for many years, including at nightclubs he owned.
He was back in America by the 1950s, recording jazz records again, including 1957 collection of ballads, "Say It Isn't So".
In 1995, at age 81, he recorded "The Bronze Buckaroo (Rides Again)", a Nashville album of songs on the Warner Western label.
Film career.
Touring the Deep South with Hines, Jeffries was struck by the realities of segregation, as the Orchestra's playing was restricted to tobacco warehouses and black-only movie theatres.
Watching young boys fill theatres to watch the latest western, Jeffries resolved to create a cowboy hero geared specifically for such an audience.
A self-confessed western buff who had grown up watching the silent escapades of Tom Mix and Jack Holt, in the 1930s Jeffries set out to produce a low-budget western with an all-black cast.
Though the silent era had seen a number of films starring only black actors, they had all but disappeared with the economic downturn and the arrival of the talkies, which proved too expensive for many of the "white independents" funding such projects.
Jeffries's ambition was to produce sound cinema's "first all-Negro musical western".
To fund his project, Jeffries approached a veteran B-movie producer named Jed Buell.
Jeffries, having obtained finances, wrote his own songs for the film and hired Spencer Williams to appear with him.
When Buell wanted to know of a likely candidate for the lead role, Jeffries nominated himself.
Eventually they went ahead, using make-up to darken the leading man's skin tone.
Jeffries made his debut as a crooning cowboy with "Harlem on the Prairie", which was considered the first black western following the inauguration of the talkies and the first sound Western with an all-black cast.
The movie was shot in 1937 over five days at the Walker Movie Ranch in Newhall, CA, and the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, CA, although later films in the series would be filmed at Murray's Dude Ranch in Apple Valley, California, with Jeffries performing all his own stunts.
Playing a singing cowboy in low-budget films, Jeffries became known as the "Bronze Buckaroo" by his fans.
In a time of American racial segregation, such "race movies" played mostly in theaters catering to African-American audiences.
The films include "Harlem on the Prairie", "The Bronze Buckaroo", "Harlem Rides the Range" and "Two-Gun Man from Harlem".
Jeffries went on to star in another three musical westerns over the next two years.
Jeffries starred as a singing cowboy, in several all-black Western films, in which he sang his own western compositions.
In those films, Jeffries starred as cowboy Bob Blake, sang and performed his own stunts.
Bob Blake was the good guy, with a thin mustache, who wore a white Stetson and rode a white horse named Stardusk.
He went on to make other films, starring in the title role in "Calypso Joe" (1957), which co-starred Angie Dickinson.
In 1969, he appeared in the long-running western TV series "The Virginian" (episode Stopover) in which he played a gunslinger who intimidated the town.
He later directed and produced "Mundo depravados", a cult film starring his wife, Tempest Storm.
Personal life.
His four marriages (including one to exotic dancer Tempest Storm) produced five children.
In later years, he resided in Wichita, Kansas.
He died of heart failure at West Hills Hospital and Medical Center on May 25, 2014, at the age of 100.
It was founded in 1901 due to construction of the railway between Moscow and Riga.
At the time, it was a part of Velikoluksky Uyezd in Pskov Governorate.
The name is due to the nearby locality then known as Sokolniki, whose name in turn is derived from the Russian word "" ("sokol", meaning "falcon"), since the residents specialized on breeding falcons for hunting.
Novosokolniki was granted town status in 1925.
It included parts of former Velikoluksky and Nevelsky Uyezds.
Administrative and municipal status.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Novosokolniki serves as the administrative center of Novosokolnichesky District, to which it is directly subordinated.
As a municipal division, the town of Novosokolniki is incorporated within Novosokolnichesky Municipal District as Novosokolniki Urban Settlement.
Economy.
Industry.
Novosokolniki has enterprises of textile and food industries.
The Novosokolniki guyed TV mast is tall and was built in 1995.
Transportation.
Novosokolniki is an important railway hub, located at the crossing of two lines.
One railway connects Moscow and Velikiye Luki with Riga and runs in the east-west direction.
Novosokolniki has an easy access to the M9 Highway which connects Moscow and Riga.
It is furthermore connected by roads with Velikiye Luki and Nevel.
There are also local roads.
Culture and recreation.
Novosokolniki contains six objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.
Louis Mexandeau (born 6 July 1931) is a French politician.
Biography.
Louis Mexandeau was born on 6 July 1931 in Wanquetin, France.
He was a Socialist member of the National Assembly of France from 1973 to 1981, 1986 to 1991, and 1993 to 2002.
He was also Minister of the Postal Services from 1981 to 1986, and Secretary of State for Veteran Affairs from 1991 to 1993.
The New Zealand national cricket team toured Pakistan in October to November 1969 and played a three-match Test series against the Pakistan national cricket team.
New Zealand were captained by Graham Dowling and Pakistan by Intikhab Alam.
New Zealand had just finished three Test campaigns in England and India.
Artesia High School is a public high school in Lakewood, California, with a student population of around 1,500.
It is one of the five high schools in the ABC Unified School District.
History.
Construction of Artesia High was completed in 1954, making it the oldest active high school in the ABC Unified School District since the 1979 closure of Excelsior High School, then known as the Excelsior Union High School District.
While there is a city of Artesia, California, this high school, which originally was in it, since the realigning of city boundaries, is now located about south of the southern border of that city.
The opening ceremony of the school was highlighted with a speech by then-Vice President Richard Nixon.
In his speech he expressed his hope that Artesia High School would serve as an example of educational integration, in light of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling passed only a few months before.
The school mascot is the Pioneer.
Academics.
The school is part of the Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement program and is under the direct guidance of California State University, Long Beach.
The school's 2009 Academic Performance Index score was 745.
In 2013, Artesia High was designated as a California Distinguished School.
Athletics.
Artesia High School is a member of the 605 League of the CIF Southern Section and is renowned for its competitive sports teams.
The school won the CIF Division III championship with a record of 33 wins and a single loss.
The 2006 win was the second time in the school's history that the team won the California Basketball championship.
The Pioneers have a total of 5 state championships, ranking fourth in the state in terms of state championships.
They offered a safe-haven and a ferry ride across the Rio Grande into Mexico.
They were driven by their religious and anti-slavery beliefs.
It is said they helped anyone in need.
Existing records do not show if Matilda was ever freed, but she and Nathaniel had seven children while in Alabama.
Together they moved to Texas in 1859 because the family was subject to racial prejudice there.
The Census of 1860 presents Matilda as a 59 year-old "House Servant" born in Georgia living with Matthew (Nathaniel) Jackson in Hidalgo County, Texas.
In 1859, Jackson, Matilda and the children left Alabama for Mexico, but decided to settle on the northern side of the Rio Grande.
They operated a ranch where they raised cattle, sheep, and goats.
They grew cotton, sugar cane, and vegetables.
Nathaniel traded at a market in Rio Grande City, Texas and across the river in Mexico.
Early life in Alabama.
Born in 1798 in Georgia, Nathaniel Jackson was the son of Mary Burk and Joseph Jackson, a Quaker.
His father owned a plantation, relying on the labor of enslaved people.
Nathaniel was raised in Alabama.
He developed a relationship with Matilda Hicks, an enslaved woman on the Jackson's plantation.
She was born around 1801.
Their first child was born around 1829.
In 1840 and 1850, Nathaniel lived in Wilcox, Alabama.
In 1840, he had nine enslaved people, five of whom were agricultural laborers.
Ten years later, he had 22 enslaved people.
Jackson inherited property in Georgia and owned 720 acres in Alabama.
On February 13, 1857, he sold the estate in Alabama.
Nathaniel had three step-daughters.
New laws, such as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, provided no protection for free black people, who could be captured by slave hunters and forced into slavery.
Concerned about the safety of his family, the Jacksons left Alabama, planning to settle in Mexico where slavery was banned.
Pioneers in Texas.
In 1859, Matilda, Nathaniel and their adult children traveled in covered wagons to the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, where they would be freer to live as an interracial family.
They traveled with five families, which included eleven black freedmen.
Their daughter Lucinda and her husband did not move to Texas.
When they arrived in the Rio Grande Valley, they settled nearby another mixed-race couple Silvia and John Webber and decided to stay in Texas.
Along the border, the population was a mixture of ethnic backgrounds, including African Americans and people of Native American, Spanish and Mexican descent.
The property had a .7 mile river frontage.
It became known as the Jackson Rancho.
The ranch was located between Fort Brown and Fort Ringgold near the Military Highway.
During their initial years on the ranch, there were times that the Jacksons sought refuge in Brownsville due to raids by Native Americans.
In 1860, Nathaniel and Matilda lived on the ranch with their sons Eli, Columbus, and John.
Living with them in a cluster were the families of Emily, Martin, Brant, Matilda, and Nancy Jackson.
With them were Louis Hicks (b. ca. 1802) and his wife.
There were a total of seven Jackson-Hicks families with 39 adults and children.
They were surrounded by unoccupied land.
The Jacksons ran a cattle ranch and farm, where they grew sugar cane, cotton, and vegetables.
They also raised sheep and goats.
Nathaniel's brand was NJ.
Nathaniel had a market in what is now Rio Grande City, Texas (about 50 miles west of the ranch).
The Jacksons also engaged in trade across the Rio Grande, transporting goods and people across the river in their ferry.
Each year, Nathaniel and Matilda Hicks Jackson hosted a "Revival" after the harvest.
Temporary homes were built for visitors.
It sometimes lasted for two weeks.
Jackson was a religious man who read the Bible and prayed every morning.
Underground Railroad.
The Jacksons offered safe haven to refugee blacks and Native Americans.
Their ranch was also a settlement for African Americans.
They are believed to have been conductors on the southern Underground Railroad, called the Slave Pathways in Texas, offering food, shelter, and safe passage into Mexico.
Not everyone who came to the Jackson Ranch crossed the Rio Grande.
Some stayed with the Jacksons to work on the ranch and settled in the Rio Grande Valley.
The Jacksons lived near Silvia and John Webber who also helped people escape slavery from the Deep South and Texas.
Like the Webbers, the Jacksons had their own licensed ferry across the Rio Grande.
More enslaved people sought freedom during the Civil War.
Later years and death.
During the Civil War, Nathaniel was a Unionist when Confederate and Union soldiers engaged in battle in the valley in 1863 and 1864.
Nathaniel died in 1865 and was interred in the family cemetery established by his son Eli that year.
The poem is preserved in its entirety and is widely considered to be of great beauty.
 is a Japanese Olympic champion and three-time Olympic medalist snowboarder and Olympic skateboarder.
He won the silver medal in the superpipe in 2013 Winter X Games XVII at the age of 14, becoming the youngest medalist in X Games history, and won silver medals in the half-pipe at both the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang and the gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.
He also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo as a skateboarder, becoming the only athlete, who participated in all of the three consecutive Olympic Games in East Asia between 2018 and 2022.
Early life.
Ayumu Hirano was born and raised in a small coastal city called Murakami in Niigata Prefecture, situated in a rather snowy area in Japan.
His father, Hidenori, was a surfer who eventually opened a surf shop and later made a skate park (Nihonkai Skate Park) from scratch in his hometown of Murakami.
The father originally hoped for his son, Ayumu, to become a surfer, but the son did not like it much.
Instead, he got absorbed in skateboarding, following in the footstep of his 3-year-older brother, Eiju.
He started skateboarding at the age of 4 and then snowboarding half a year later.
He said he did not even remember how he started as he was too young, and it was just so natural for him.
He belonged to the skateboarding team "e-Yume Kids" (meaning team "great dream kids") at Nihonkai Skate Park and joined skateboarding competitions.
As there was not a halfpipe near their hometown, his father often had to drive Hirano to Yokone ski resort in Yamagata Prefecture, where there was the first official permanent halfpipe in Japan, which, however, is 4 meters narrower than the world standard halfpipe.
Burton, one of the leading snowboarding brands, has been sponsoring Hirano since he was a fourth-grader.
Career.
Hirano's first big international snowboarding success was in March 2011, when he won the Burton US Junior Open.
At the age of 12, the sixth-grader was not officially allowed to enter the open division of the event, where his mentor Kazuhiro Kokubo would win gold, and his brother Eiju would take the 7th place.
However, he dropped into the pipe between rounds as a "poacher" and amazed the audience.
In 2012, he was invited to the Burton High Fives, an open event held in New Zealand to win the gold at the age of 13.
It's amazing!"
With this, he became the youngest rider to achieve this title.
In the 2014 Winter Olympics at Sochi, he won the silver, behind Switzerland's Iouri Podladtchikov.
In 2018, Hirano became the first Japanese snowboarder who won at Winter X Games Aspen after landing the first-ever back-to-back double cork 1440s in Halfpipe history.
Hirano again took the silver in the half pipe at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, with Shaun White of the U.S. taking the gold and Scotty James of Australia garnering the bronze.
Hirano competed in Men's Park Skateboarding at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, placing 14th.
Hirano landed the first triple cork in halfpipe competition history at the 2021 Dew Tour at Copper Mountain.
Hirano became the first athlete to win gold for Japan in snowboarding at the Winter Olympics, as well as the first Japanese athlete to win Olympic medals for three winter games in a row.
Influences.
Hirano's mentor, other than his parents, is Kazuhiro Kokubo, a Japanese two-time US Open winner in the halfpipe.
Hirano said in an interview in 2013 with a Japanese magazine, Transworld Snowboarding Japan, "The environment has dramatically changed after I first went to the US.
I met Kazu (Kokubo) and Carl (Harris), and it made it possible for me to join Mt.
Hood summer camp and to compete in New Zealand.
It gave me the experience in different pipes, and I got to see the leading riders ride.
I came to understand what world-class means and knew what I needed to improve."
Hirano's father has had the motto of "Personality comes first.
The most essential is the most important" throughout his parenting and running his kids' skateboarding team.
Personal life.
Corinna Susan Kollath (born 21 April 1976) is a Scottish-born German theoretical and computational physicist whose research involves ultracold gases, the many-body problem, and out-of-equilibrium low dimensional correlated systems in quantum mechanics.
Kollath was born on 21 April 1976 in Stirling.
She studied physics at the University of Cologne, with a year at the University of Glasgow where she earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics in 1998, with first-class honours.
Returning to Cologne, she completed a diploma in 2001 under the supervision of Martin Zirnbauer.
Next, she did doctoral research at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich with and , but completed her doctorate at RWTH Aachen University in 2005.
She took an associate professorship at the University of Geneva in 2011 and in 2013 moved to her present position as a full professor of theoretical quantum physics at the University of Bonn.
Recognition.
Kollath was the 2009 winner of the of the German Physical Society for her research on ultracold gases.
Biography.
He was born May 25, 1889 (although at least one text puts his birth year as 1891) in Nishihara, Okinawa.
He began karate training at 13 under his uncle.
Matsumura taught him several kata, including Naihanchi Shodan, Naihanchi Nidan, Pinan Shodan, Pinan Nidan, Passai Sho, Passai Dai, Chinto, Kusanku, Gojushiho, Sanchin, Rohai Jo, Rohai Chu, Rohai Ge, and finally at age 23, Hakutsuru.
Soken has said in interviews that Kusanku is the most important kata to the style.
While in Argentina, he worked as a photographer and clothes cleaner.
He also taught karate to Japanese and Okinawan ex-pats in Buenos Aires.
In 1952, he returned to Okinawa and started to teach karate, first to family members.
Then he opened a small dojo to the public.
At first, he called the style "Matsumura Shuri-te."
Students.
Bodo Kirchhoff (born 6 July 1948) is a German writer and novelist.
He was born in Hamburg before moving with his family to Kirchzarten in the Black Forest in 1955, which he describes as a culture shock.
In addition to writing literary fiction, he has worked on various projects for German television, such as long-runner "Tatort", and has written movie screenplays.
One of his best-known novels is "Infanta" (1990), which has been translated into more than a dozen languages.
In 2016, his novel, which features an African migrant in Italy, "Encounter" won the German Book Prize.
Life.
Bodo Kirchhoff received his high school diploma in 1968.
After this he spent two years in the military, followed by a year selling ice cream in the United States of America.
From 1972 to 1979 he studied pedagogy and psychology at Frankfurt University and completed his doctoral thesis on Jacques Lacan.
During this period he was noticed by Suhrkamp, with whom he published until he switched to Frankfurter Verlagsanstalt, and published a both a novel and a play in 1979, beginning his career as a prolific author and multiple prize winner.
In the 1980s, he traveled extensively and wrote for the magazine "TransAtlantik".
Though he wrote nonfiction for this magazine, many of his experiences inspired his fictional works.
In 1993 he evaluated the German Army's participation in UNOSOM.
His topic was "legends about your own body".
In 2010 Kirchhoff revealed in an article in Der Spiegel that as a twelve-year-old schoolboy, he had been sexually abused by the choirmaster at his boarding school, which he began attending in 1959, after the divorce of his parents, by Lake Constance.
He was born in Moscow to a Russian mother and a Swiss father.
Don Preister (born December 23, 1946) is a Democrat who served 16 years as a Nebraska state senator from Bellevue, Nebraska in the Nebraska Legislature and greeting card manufacturer for Joy Creations.
He has served on the Bellevue City Council since 2009 and was the council president for 2013.
He founded Green Bellevue in 2009 and serves as its leader.
Personal life.
He was born in Columbus, Nebraska and graduated from South High School in Omaha, Nebraska.
He also graduated from University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1977.
From 1966 to 1968 he was a U.S. Army medic who was awarded the Bronze Star and other medals during his service in Vietnam.
He is a former Boys' Clubs of Omaha, Unit Director, community college instructor and current member of many South Omaha, Bellevue and veterans organizations.
State legislature.
He was elected in 1992 to represent the 5th Nebraska legislative district and re-elected in 1996, 2000, and 2004.
It is one of the most common surnames in China and the world, shared by more than 93 million people in China, and more than 100 million worldwide.
It is often spelled as Lee in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and many overseas Chinese communities.
Operations began on 10 April 1927, and the paper enjoyed a quick rise in popularity in all social classes, reaching a circulation of over one million during its first year.
Its founder was a future travel writer and journalist Richard Katz.
Its editor was Ehm Welk, who would be later known for his work "Die Heiden von Kummerow".
In 1934, the Green Post ran an editorial under Welks' assumed alias "Thomas Trimm", entitled "A word please, Mr. Reichsminister" in which he criticized Nazi press censorship under Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels.
Bhadane is a village in the Murbad taluka of Thane district in Maharashtra, India.
According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Bhadane village is 553141.
Bhadane village is located in Murbad Tehsil of Thane district in Maharashtra, India.
As per 2009 stats, Bhadane village is also a gram panchayat.
The total geographical area of village is 544.36 hectares.
Bhadane has a total population of 1,354 peoples.
There are about 289 houses in Bhadane village.
Frederick Edgar Dinenage MBE (born 8 June 1942) is an English author, broadcaster and television presenter.
His television career has spanned nearly 60 years, including the long-running children's programme "How" and ITV's regional programming in the south of England.
Dinenage retired from presenting regional news on ITV Meridian on 16 December 2021, after 38 years as a news anchor.
Early life and education.
Dinenage was born in Birmingham.
He was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School.
Career.
Dinenage has appeared as presenter of many British television programmes (many of them produced by Southern Television, and its successors TVS and Meridian Broadcasting), such as "Tell The Truth", "How" and its successor "How 2", as well as the BBC quiz show "Pass The Buck" and "Gambit" (produced by Anglia).
News anchor.
Dinenage began his career at Southern Television in 1964, as a presenter on "Three Go Round", a part-networked children's programme, alongside actress Diane Keen and future television producer Britt Allcroft.
He later moved onto the station's local news magazine programme, "Day By Day", as a reporter and presenter.
In later years, he concentrated on sports coverage, hosting the programme's weekly "South Sport" feature.
Dinenage transferred from Southern to TVS in January 1982, chiefly as a sports presenter and reporter, working on "Coast to Coast", "Sportshow" and "The Saturday Match".
The following year, he took over from Khalid Aziz as the main anchor for the South edition of "Coast to Coast", co-presenting alongside Christopher Peacock, Fern Britton, Debbie Thrower and Mai Davies.
After TVS lost its franchise, Dinenage was retained by Meridian as anchor for the South edition of "Meridian Tonight" and other non-news regional programmes.
His co-anchors included Debbie Thrower, Natasha Kaplinsky, Jane Wyatt and, from 2009, Sangeeta Bhabra with whom he presented pan-regional editions of the show.
In October 2021, it was announced that Dinenage would step down from ITV, after 38 years as a news anchor in the south of England.
His final edition of "ITV News Meridian" aired on 16 December 2021.
Other work.
Dinenage spent a brief period in the late 1970s covering regional sport for Yorkshire Television.
He also appeared as a relief presenter of the networked ITV Saturday afternoon show, "World of Sport" - a role which earned him an appearance on the children's Saturday show "Tiswas".
He also has his own weekly column featured on the magazine of the Southampton local newspaper, "Southern Daily Echo".
Alongside his television career, Dinenage has written several factual books, including ghosting on autobiographies "My Story" and "Our Story" for the Kray twins.
He is a keen football follower and was on the board of directors at Portsmouth between 1998 and 2007.
He was a team captain on the ITV game show "Never Had It So Good", shown in 2002.
He also narrated Driver's Eye Views for railway filming company "Video 125".
In February 2014, he celebrated his 50th anniversary as a reporter and presenter with ITV, announcing that he hoped to continue broadcasting into the future.
He has also narrated "Most Evil Killers" for Pick since 2017.
Dinenage was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours, for services to broadcasting.
On 16 October 2020, it was announced Dinenage would appear in a new series of "How", alongside Vick Hope, Sam Homewood and Frankie Vu.
In June 2023, it was announced Dinenage would join BBC Radio Solent to present on Saturdays afternoons for six weeks during the summer.
His first show was on 17th June.
Family.
Dinenage's second daughter Caroline (born 1971) is the Conservative Member of Parliament for Gosport (elected at the 2010 general election).
The sixteenth yasht (or "hymn") of the Avesta is dedicated to Chista and she is also mentioned in the tenth yasht (Yt.
10.126).
The Iranian cultural magazine "Tchissta", founded in 1981 by mathematician and activist Parviz Shahriari, was named after Chista.
From the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867 until his death he was one of the most influential members of his party.
Life.
He was educated at Heidelberg and Halle, where he fought 31 duels.
He joined the Prussian civil service in the late 1840s and during the next decade purchased large estates in Silesia.
He greatly admired Otto von Bismarck and enjoyed a close friendship with him.
Following the Panic of 1873 and the consequent economic depression, Kardorff campaigned for the restoration of protectionism, founding the Central Association of German Industrialists in 1876.
This campaign was successful, with Bismarck passing a tariff in 1879.
G. P. Gooch considered this the greatest achievement of Kardorff's career.
Kardorff was the Reichstag's primary expert on economic affairs.
His economic ideas were influenced by Henry Charles Carey and he fought unsuccessfully for the adoption of bimetallism, persuading the Reichstag but not the British, who favoured gold.
He also opposed Leo von Caprivi's commercial treaties that led to freer trade and campaigned for higher tariff rates, succeeding in 1902.
The Orpheum Theatre is a music venue located at 1 Hamilton Place in Boston, Massachusetts.
One of the oldest theaters in the United States as designed by Snell and Gregerson, it was built in 1852 and was originally known as the Boston Music Hall.
It was the founding location of the New England Conservatory of Music in 1867 and it was the original home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from its founding in 1880.
The concert hall was converted for use as a vaudeville theater in 1900.
It was renamed the Orpheum Theatre in 1906.
In 1915, the Orpheum was acquired by Loew's Theatres and substantially rebuilt.
It operates as a mixed-use hall, primarily for live music concerts.
The theater has no connection with Boston's Music Hall, currently known as the Wang Theatre.
History.
When the Boston Symphony moved to Symphony Hall in 1900, the Boston Music Hall closed.
It was converted in 1900, to design by Little and Browne, for use as a vaudeville theater and operated under a number of different names, including the Music Hall and the Empire Theatre.
The original E. F Wacker organ was removed in that renovation and rehoused in the purpose-built Methuen Memorial Music Hall by 1909.
In 1906, it was renamed the Orpheum Theatre.
In 1915, the theater was acquired by the Loew's Theatres.
Loew's reopened the Orpheum in 1916 with a completely new interior designed by architect Thomas W. Lamb.
Operated by Loew's, the theater was at first a combination vaudeville and movie theater and later a straight first-run movie house.
The Orpheum closed as a movie theatre on January 31, 1971 and reopened as the Aquarius, a live concert hall, on May 27, 1971.
The first featured performer was James Brown.
The new owner was an African-American business owner and activist named Arthur Scott.
From June 1971 to June 1978, the Orpheum served as the home of the Opera Company of Boston, under director Sarah Caldwell, until that company moved to the current Boston Opera House.
The first half of The Police's 1995 double album "Live!" was recorded at the Orpheum on November 27, 1979.
U2's performance at the theater in 1983 was recorded and broadcast on The "King Biscuit Flower Hour".
In 1984, the original lineup of Aerosmith reformed with a performance at the Orpheum.
Tin Machine recorded a portion of their live album, entitled "", at the theater on November 20, 1991.
Currently, the theater is owned by The Druker Company, Ltd.
The contract to operate the Orpheum was acquired by Don Law, a Boston concert promoter, from the Live Nation entertainment company, in 2009.
Law announced a major renovation for the theater, after which it reopened in late 2009.
Live Nation retains a stake in the operations of Law's company, Crossroads Presents.
Wallen Ridge (also called Wallens Ridge) is a ridge in the U.S. states of Tennessee and Virginia.
The band has an international fanbase and has toured North America, Europe, and Asia.
History.
The band was originally formed in 1992 by Rogue, Sean Flanagan and Tim Curry, in Tallahassee, Florida.
They self-released their debut album, "...Night Crawls In", in 1993, initially only as a cassette.
In 1996, the band released their second album, "Telemetry of a Fallen Angel".
Years later it would be acquired by Rogue's own label Wishfire Records.
Rogue started working on new material for the band's third album in 1998.
He recruited several new players including Chris Brantley, Kevin Page, Rachel McDonnell, and Trevor Brown.
The band resumed touring nationally and finished work on their third studio album.
A few months prior to putting out the disc, Mere Mortal was forced out of business due in part to its acquisition of a debt-heavy distributor.
In 1999, with their new label and a new lineup, the band released "The Mystery of the Whisper", "Until the Voices Fade...", and "Paradox Addendum."
By this time "Marilyn My Bitterness" and "Monsters" had become staples on the dance floors of a re-invigorated American Gothic-Industrial club scene.
Capitalizing on the success of these songs, the band toured the United States relentlessly over the years that followed.
The band's song "Eurydice" occupied the top position in the category of New Wave for several months on the charts of digital music pioneer MP3.com.
In 2000, the band contributed a song titled "Deception" to "Music from the Succubus Club", released by Dancing Ferret as an accompanying soundtrack album for the tabletop role-playing game "".
Although "Deception" never charted, it became one of the band's most popular and enduring tracks.
They played their first tour of Europe in 2001 and released a tour CD for their European live shows called "Intercontinental Drift", later released as "Echoes and Artifacts".
In 2002, the EP "Tears" debuted at No. 5 in the Deutsche Alternative Charts.
The full length album "Wishfire" also placed at No. 2 on the DAC.
"Ethernaut" was released in 2003 featuring another fan favorite song "Winterborn" which also landed at No. 2 on the Deutsch Alternative Charts in Germany.
In 2006 the single release of "Sophia" saw its debut land at No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Singles Sales chart and at No. 7 on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart.
This was a major breakthrough according to Rogue.
Its release coincided with the band's performance at 2006's Dragon Con, where the Rogue gave credit to the support of their SciFi fans in attendance for helping them reach the No. 1 position, unseating the mainstream artist Beyonce from the top position. ", a tribute album to author Neil Gaiman.
In 2007, the full-length concept album "Dreamcypher" was released.
The single "Birthday" debuted at No. 1 on the "Billboard" Dance Singles Sales Chart.
The band spent almost the entirety of 2007 touring.
Their travels took them to China where they played the MIDI Modern Music Festival, one of China's largest Rock music events taking place in Beijing, China in May.
Following a year long DreamCypher tour, Rachel McDonnell, George Bikos, and Sarah Poulos all left the group as 2007 drew to a close, and Rogue soon replaced them with guitarist Valerie Gentile, violinist JoHanna Moresco, and violinist David Russel Wood, as well as dancer Sarah Stewart (aka Sarah Kilgore).
In 2008, the EP "Immortal" was released in July on Rogue's birthday, and became the band's third consecutive single to chart on "Billboard", coming in at No. 2 in the United States and landing in the top 5 in Germany.
The EP "Quicksilver" debuted at No. 32 on the "Billboard" U.S.
Hot 100 Singles Sales chart before eventually peaking at the No. 2 position on the "Billboard" singles chart, and the No. 1 position on the "Billboard" Dance Chart.
2011 Dragon Con was the one and only performance of the band that year.
During this time the band had relocated to Jacksonville from Tallahassee, Florida, and Rogue and his crew focused on producing another new album.
The band toured Europe in support of "As the Dark Against My Halo".
Their single "Helios" peaked on the "Billboard" singles chart at the No. 11 position in the U.S. and later in 2017 the single dominated the German Alternative Charts, camping out at the No. 1 position for months.
Every song represents a planetary body, and the album as a whole becomes an allegory of life changing realities.
"Home", a ballad about lost love, reached the No.
Labels.
Those titles were "...Night Crawls In" and "Telemetry of a Fallen Angel".
Nesak eventually sold their rights to Dancing Ferret Discs and Mere Mortal Records.
In July 2008, Dancing Ferret Discs announced that it was becoming a catalog label and while existing titles would remain in print, the label would not be releasing new albums.
Their new label was named Wishfire Records and their first release was "Quicksilver", which hit the shelves in the USA on September 8, 2009.
The song became their fourth consecutive single to reach the top 10 on the Billboard Hot Dance Singles Charts, and their third to occupy the No. 1 position.
Touring.
From 1998 until 2008 The band played shows throughout the entirety of the United States and made several trips into Mexico and Canada.
They also played in various festivals with bands like Bella Morte, Noctivagus, The Ghost of Lemora for example.
In 2007, they were invited to play at the Midi Music Festival in Beijing, China.
Through much of their history, the band has toured the festival circuit in Europe.
After The Immortal Tour, from 2008 to 2018, the band played only a very limited number of shows North America, however they have performed annually without fail in Atlanta at DragonCon from 1997-2019, only pausing for the Coronavirus outbreak, and played only the occasional appearance or festival in the United States otherwise, until 2018, when they began performing shows in support of their Astromythology Album.
Lyrics and concepts.
Dispersive mass transfer, in fluid dynamics, is the spreading of mass from highly concentrated areas to less concentrated areas.
It is one form of mass transfer.
Dispersion can be differentiated from diffusion in that it is caused by non-ideal flow patterns (i.e. deviations from plug flow) and is a macroscopic phenomenon, whereas diffusion is caused by random molecular motions (i.e.
Brownian motion) and is a microscopic phenomenon.
The album was released worldwide on March 1, 2013, by Polydor Records, except in North America where it was released on March 5 through Loma Vista Recordings, Innovative Leisure, and Republic Records.
The album's release followed the singles "Open" and "The Fall", both of which appear on the album.
Critical reception.
"Woman" was very well received by critics, with many comparing the album's sound to the artist Sade.
The album was named a longlisted nominee for the 2013 Polaris Music Prize on June 13, 2013.
The Kanmailia are a Muslim community found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India.
Their preferred self-designation is Shaikh.
Origin.
The Kanmailia are a Muslim occupational caste, that traditionally specialized in cleaning ear wax.
They get their name from two Hindi words, "kan" meaning ears and "mailia" meaning dirt.
During the period of British colonial rule, the Kanmailia were declared to be a criminal tribe under the Criminal Tribes Act.
After independence, they were denotified in 1952, when the Criminal Tribes Act was replaced with the Habitual Offenders Act, but the community continues to carry considerable social stigma.
Little is known about the origin of this community.
Their own traditions speak of the community descending from early Arab settlers to India, and the community prefer the self designation Shaikh, a name traditionally associated with those groups who claim an Arab ancestry in India.
They are found mainly in Lucknow, and the districts of Ghazipur and Etawah.
Present circumstances.
The Kanmailia are strictly endogamous, and marry close kin.
Each Kanmailia settlement contains an informal caste council, known as a "biradari panchayat", which acts as an instrument of social control.
The Kanmailia are Sunni Muslims, but still incorporate many folk beliefs and traditions.
Most Kanmailia are still engaged in cleaning ear wax.
They are often found at bus stations and train stations practising their occupation.
A small number are now employed as day labourers.
"Louisiana Fairy Tale" (or "Louisiana Fairytale") is a song written in 1935 by Haven Gillespie, with lyrics by Mitchell Parish and J. Fred Coots, and was originally popularized by Fats Waller.
Waller's version opens with him playing a four-bar solo piano lead-in to a clarinet melody backed by drums, guitar, clarinet, trumpet and piano.
A muted trumpet bridge precedes Waller's vocal verses, and a Dixieland-style improvisational instrumental jam closes the recording.
The instrumental introduction (32 bars featuring clarinet and the trumpet bridge) was used as the theme for the PBS television series "This Old House" from 1979 to 2002.
In 1990, Librarian of Congress James H. Billington presented Louisiana congresswoman Lindy Boggs with "three gifts" from the collection of the Library of Congress, including "a facsimile of sheet music for a 1935 piece, 'Louisiana Fairy Tale,' accompanied by a cassette of the music with Fats Waller on piano and vocal".
Tinsley produced the strip for 13 years.
The premise of the strip was a tongue-in-cheek take on a man, Chester, who was interested in sexually molesting women and prepubescent girls.
Molestation charge.
In 1984, Tinsley was accused of molesting his 13-year-old daughter, Allison, over a period of five years.
He was convicted and served 23 months of a six-year prison sentence before his conviction was overturned on the grounds that his conviction violated the First Amendment because it was based, in part, on his comic strip.
"Baddest Ruffest" is a 2001 song by Backyard Dog.
Sointula is an isolated village on Malcolm Island in British Columbia, Canada.
The name "Sointula" means "Place of Harmony" (literally 'the place of chord') in the Finnish language.
A group of Finnish settlers founded the village in 1901 after rowing north from Nanaimo.
They planned to set up a utopian socialist society known as the "Kalevan Kansa", and wrote to visionary Matti Kurikka in Finland to lead the new community.
They were looking for a way out of the mines operated by the Dunsmuir family on Vancouver Island.
It was a physically hard life, and a devastating fire in the Sointula community hall in 1903 killed three adults and eight children almost bringing the fledgling community to its knees.
Kalervo Oberg, a Finnish-Canadian anthropologist born in 1901, came with his family to Sointula in 1902, and they were caught in the fire of 1903.
Two of his sisters died in the fire.
Financial difficulties continued to plague the group.
They worked for free for two years on the Capilano Bridge project, and after that the Kalevan Kansa was disbanded, but many of the community members remained on the island, as have their descendants.
The town remained and eventually prospered well into the 1970s as an unusually vibrant resource-based settlement.
Fishing and logging activities have been the mainstay for the community.
The early cooperative ventures led to other businesses that are still operating, planting seeds that are also alive today.
The Sointula Cooperative Store, the oldest co-op shop in the province, still handles dry goods, groceries and fuel for the islanders.
In addition there is a cooperative bakery, Wild Island Foods, which served Finnish pastries ("pulla") and home-cooked meals until the summer of 2008.
The shellfish cooperative, Malcolm Island Shellfish Coop (MISC), was involved in research on the feasibility of raising and selling abalone, but closed for financial reasons in 2006.
It relocated the abalone to an area near Port McNeill donated by Orca Sand and Gravel.
In the 21st century, declining forestry and fishing industries have hit Sointula hard.
Its school-age population has shrunk, although housing prices have risen, as owners from as far as California have bought homes as summer retreats.
Sointula is home to the Sointula Museum, and produces an online newsletter, the "Sointula Ripple".
It is easy to reach by car ferry, operated by BC Ferries from Port McNeill and Alert Bay.
Wildlife on the island and in the waters around it is abundant.
Orcas return to the so-called "rubbing beaches" on Malcolm Island's northern edge near Bere Point Regional Park every summer and fall.
Seals and porpoises can be viewed from the beaches.
Birds, mink, otter, beaver, and deer live all over the island.
The temperate rainforest vegetation helps to sustain the mood of an uncluttered and peaceful haven.
Bill Gaston's novel "Sointula" (2004) is named for the community and has a plot that revolves in part around it.
Rachel Lebowitz's book "Hannus" (2006) is also partly about the early days of the commune.
Paula Wild's book "Sointula" gives a good overview of the island's ways and history.
More recently, Sointula Museum, collaborating with the University of Victoria, has published "Practical Dreamers", a history of the island's cooperatives complete with many historical pictures.
In 2013 a Finnish troupe performed the play "Sointula" in the village.
Sointula is also the location of Living Oceans Society's head office, although it also has an office in Vancouver.
Living Oceans Society, founded in 1998, is a non-profit research and public education organization committed to conserving marine biological diversity in order to ensure a healthy ocean and healthy coastal communities.
It is Canada's largest non-governmental organization focused on marine conservation issues.
In addition, a seasonal Canadian Coast Guard Inshore Rescue Boat Station is located in Sointula during the summer.
The Coming is the debut studio album by American rapper and record producer Busta Rhymes.
It was released on March 26, 1996, by Flipmode Entertainment and Elektra Records.
Production of the album was handled by DJ Scratch, Easy Mo Bee and the Ummah, among others.
It serves as Rhymes's first solo album after the break up of Leaders of the New School two years prior, and his first full-length project after numerous guest appearances on other songs with artists such as A Tribe Called Quest, the Notorious B.I.G., Heavy D and the Boyz and Mary J. Blige.
The album reached number six on the "Billboard" 200 chart in 1996 and received a Platinum certification from RIAA after selling 1,000,000 copies in the United States by February 1999.
The lead single, "Woo-Hah!!
Got You All in Check" reached number eight on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in 1996, and earned Rhymes his first nomination for Best Rap Solo Performance at the 39th Grammy Awards.
Rhymes was the first artist on Elektra that received a Platinum certification.
In commemoration of its 25th anniversary, a super deluxe edition of "The Coming" featuring remixes, instrumentals and acapellas was released to all streaming platforms on April 16, 2021, by Rhino.
Background.
"The Coming" serves as Rhymes's first solo album after the break up of his former group Leaders of the New School three years prior and Rhymes's first full-length project after numerous guest appearances on other songs with artists such as A Tribe Called Quest, Craig Mack, the Notorious B.I.G., Heavy D and the Boyz and Mary J. Blige.
Rhymes had problems with recording a full album on his own and called up collaborator and mentor Q-Tip asking for help.
After seven months of frustration, he finally came up with the idea that would become the skit after "It's a Party".
Rhymes dedicated the album to the memory of his first and late son, Tahiem Jr, and friends Ratto, Big Joe and Love.
Concept and title.
Describing the concept of the album's title, Busta Rhymes said, ""The Coming", I just felt, was such a general yet specific statement that the level of meaning is so powerful...
The coming of what?
When is it coming?
How is it coming?
Where is it coming from?
Why is it coming?"
Cover art.
The cover art of "The Coming" was shot by Dean Karr.
It displays a framed image of Rhymes with his mouth stretched wide, screaming.
His locks are fanned out wildly behind his head with a white dove perched above him.
The cover art is blurred and foggy.
Music and lyrics.
The "epic," "extended and extremely busy" intro of "The Coming" contains two beat change ups and "commentary on wack rappers and the state of the rap game" from Rhymes.
The appearances of Flipmode Squad members Lord Have Mercy and Rampage on the track have been described as a "cartoonishly monstrous prologue".
The "first real song" on the album, "Do My Thing", features a "funky, heavy-bass beat" by producer DJ Scratch.
Rhymes' verses on the track have been described as "ridiculously witty."
The track ends with a short skit that "re-iterates how Busta feels about wack rappers," as Rhymes can be heard "whipping" somebody for "talking shit," and copying his lyrics.
The skit has been removed from digital versions of the album.
The "grimy, nocturnal" instrumental with "heavy drums" of "Everything Remains Raw" was produced by Easy Mo Bee.
Many of Rhymes' lyrics on the track track were previously used on his freestyle on Funkmaster Flex's 1995 mixtape "".
Both the previous track, "Do My Thing", and "Everything Remains Raw" have been said to "provide no distractions and illuminate how Busta's humor and knowledge can seep through a track while simultaneously highlighting his great rhyming".
Over the "energetic, stripped-down instrumental" of "Abandon Ship", produced by Rhymes, he and Rampage "showcase their chemistry on the mic with one hyped-up, razor-sharp lyric after another".
The song's refrain has been described as "catchy-as-hell."
After the song ends, an excerpt of Galt MacDermot 1969 song "Space", which gets sampled on the following track, can be heard.
This interlude "helps to bring the energy down from 'Abandon Ship'".
The lead single and fifth track "Woo-Hah!!
Got You All in Check" features "cleverly-written" lyrics with a "manic delivery" over an "infectious" instrumental by Rhymes and Rashad Smith.
Rhymes builds the chorus around a line from the 1980 Sugar Hill Gang song "8th Wonder".
For each of the three verses, the last word in each lyric rhymes with one another.
The song is followed by a skit feauturing a "quick throw away verse," as most of the verse contains Rhymes ad libbing, and multiple shoutouts to Saddam Hussein.
The skit was the first track recorded for the album and has been removed from digital versions of the album.
The "dark jazz textured backdrop" of "Hot Fudge" produced by the Vibe Chemist Backspin finds Rhymes "calming down just enough to sound sinister and slightly scary" as he raps lyrics that have been described as a "stream-of-consciousness."
The song is followed by a skit about a Jamaican woman getting oral sex, "with no intentions of paying her sexual partner back the one she owes him."
The "moody" and "nocturnal" instrumental of "Ill Vibe" was produced by the featured Q-Tip and has been desribed as having a simillar sound to his group A Tribe Called Quest's 1996 album "Beats, Rhymes and Life".
Rhymes' uses his "'last word on each bar sounds the same' formula", reminiscent of his single "Woo-Hah!!
Got You All in Check" "but in a less-manic fashion," while Q-Tip "pops in to drop science."
The chemistry between Rhymes and Q-Tip has been described as similar to that of Method Man and Redman.
In the next track, "Flipmode Squad Meets Def Squad", Def Squad members Jamal, Redman and Keith Murray engage against Flipmode Squad members Rampage, Lord Have Mercy and Rhymes in a rap battle with no chorus or hook over a backdrop produced by the Vibe Chemist Backspin.
The "spacey, synth-assisted production" of "Still Shining" by producer J Dilla goes right "into a short but sweet acknowledgment of Busta's own lyrical talents as an MC."
The chorus interpolates one of Rhymes' lines on the remix of A Tribe Called Quest's "Scenario".
The "bluesy" instrumental of following song "The Finish Line" was produced by DJ Scratch.
The song contains Rhymes rapping about the untrue lifestyle of a man and explains how it "will soon lead to his demise."
It is noted as the most serious song on the album.
In the outro, "The End Of The World", Rhymes re-uses one of the beats from the intro and uses it to "show gratitude to his supporting fans and offers up a few parting words about using your time wisely."
The track is followed by a short skit in which a man can be heard, "who's apparently on his death bed full of regret for not using his time wisely and accomplishing all things he wanted out of life.
The outro has been described as "putting a super dark ending on what was mostly a light-hearted listen."
Singles.
"Woo-Hah!!
Got You All in Check" was released as the first official single from "The Coming" on January 7, 1996.
In the United States, the song was released on February 27, 1996, and included a notable remix version featuring Ol' Dirty Bastard.
Flipmode Squad-member and Rhymes' cousin Rampage contributes additional vocals to the standard version and is credited as an official guest artist on some releases of the song.
The song reached the top ten in the charts of the United Kingdom, United States and New Zealand, as well as charted in Sweden, the Netherlands, Scotland, Germany and Australia.
"Do My Thing" was released as the third and last official single from the album in 1997, outside of the United States.
The song was previously issued as a promotional single.
Promotional singles.
"Everything Remains Raw" was released as the first promotional single from "The Coming" on February 27, 1996, as the B-side to the album's lead single "Woo-Hah!!
Got You All in Check.
"Do My Thing" and "Abandon Ship" featuring Rampage the Last Boy Scout were released together as the second and third promotional singles from the album in 1996.
"Do My Thing" would later be released as an official single from the album.
Critical reception.
He added that ""The Coming" did everything you could ask for from a debut album.
It lived up to, if not exceeded, the expectations of a young artist who had captured the world's attention as a standout group member and coveted collaborator.
It spawned radio hits, club bangers, and underground gems for hardcore listeners.
He went on to say that ""The Coming" was one of the best solo rap performances of 1996 and it stands as one of the all-time great debut LPs in hip-hop.
Busta's first verse, first single, and first album all stand as testaments to the fact that he is one of hip-hop's elite artists and the perennial main event.
Track listing.
Agencia Venezolana de Noticias (AVN) is the national news agency of Venezuela.
It is part of the Ministry of Popular Power for Communication and Information (MINCI), but is run as an autonomous service.
It reports on national and regional issues, as well as on Latin America in general.
History.
AVN was re-founded in 2005 by the Ministry of Communication and Information (MCI) as the "Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias" (ABN).
Its predecessor was the news agency Venpres, which had been founded on 23 May 1977.
He stated this was the result of an investigation about the working conditions, and that rebranding the agency should increase the chances of ABN employees on the job market.
Bai Mei (, born January 8, 1975) is a Chinese retired rhythmic gymnast.
She competed for China in the rhythmic gymnastics all-around competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
He won a bronze medal in the 400 meters in the 1904 Olympics.
Hilton Park services is a motorway service station, between junctions 10a and 11 of the M6 motorway in Staffordshire, England.
The nearest city is Wolverhampton.
History.
Hilton Park opened in 1970 operated by Toprank, and is now operated by Moto.
In 1998 it was reported to be the busiest service station on the UK motorway network.
Since the opening of the M6 Toll in 2003, which bypasses Hilton Park and diverts traffic north of Birmingham in the direction of Coventry, the amount of trade has dropped and its size has been reduced.
It was the first service station in the country to include a cybercafe, and the last to have a separate truckers' cafe.
The second-generation antidepressants are a class of antidepressants characterized primarily by the era of their introduction, approximately coinciding with the 1970s and 1980s, rather than by their chemical structure or by their pharmacological effect.
As a consequence, there is some controversy over which treatments actually belong in this class.
However, this usage is not universal.
Examples.
The village has a population of 2,200.
Brain, Behavior and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering evolutionary neurobiology.
The current editor-in-chief is Georg F. Striedter (University of California, Irvine).
It is also a structural and an independent unit of the Armed Forces.
The first units of what would become the Special Operations Forces were transferred from the GRU in 2009 as part of the continuing 2008 Russian military reform.
The Special Operations Forces Command was established in 2012 and announced in March 2013 by the Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov.
According to Gerasimov, the SOF was designed as a strategic-level asset, elite special operations force units of the KSSO whose primary missions would be foreign interventions including counter-proliferation, foreign internal defense operations and undertaking the most complex special operations and clandestine missions for protecting interests of the Russian Federation.
SOF are distinct from the Spetsnaz GRU that until 2010 were under the Main Intelligence Directorate and whose subsequent subordination was left unclear until 2013 where the decision was reversed and GRU special forces units were reassigned to GRU divisions and placed under GRU authority again.
Russia's SOF are manned exclusively by professional personnel hired on contract, of which all are full-time servicemen consisting of commissioned officers and regular soldiers.
On 26 February 2015, President Vladimir Putin decreed that 27 February be the Day of the SOF, according to multiple Russian official news agencies (albeit not acknowledged formally), to mark the establishment of Russian control over the building of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Simferopol, Crimea on 27 February 2014.
Mission and methods.
The Special Operations Forces are a highly mobile, well-trained and equipped, constant combat prepared special operations force of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
Designed for performing specific tasks, the SOF have the ability to function both within the country and abroad, in peacetime and in wartime (with application of military force, by necessity).
The SOF have been primarily involved in Syria, conducting target acquisition for Russian Air Force combat planes conducting airstrikes and Russian Navy sea-launched cruise missile strikes, serving as military advisors training Syrian government troops, seek and destroying critical enemy objects, disruption behind enemy lines through ambushes, high value targeted assassinations and retaliation strikes against select groups of fighters.
History.
Within the Russian Federation.
In 2009, as a part of the comprehensive reform of the Russian Federation's Armed Forces, Special Operations Directorate, subordinate directly to the Chief of the General Staff, was created on the basis of the GRU's 322nd Specialist Training Center in the Moscow region (Military Unit 92154).
The unit saw extensive action in the Caucasus region and earned the nickname "podsolnukhi" (sunflowers), a nickname given to the soldiers assigned to the unit while serving in Chechnya.
It was reported that Colonel Oleg Martianov, who later became a member of the board of the Military-Industrial Commission, was one of the founders and first commander of the SOF from 2009 to 2013.
In 2012, the Special Operations Directorate was reorganized as Special Operations Command, which was followed by plans to upscale the Forces manpower up to 9 special purpose brigades.
On 6 March 2013, General Valery Gerasimov announced the creation of the Special Operations Forces.
On 15 March 2013, according to Russian media reports, the creation of the Special Operations Center of the Ministry of Defense for around 500 professional soldiers began in the suburban village of Kubinka-2.
The Formation of the Center was scheduled to be completed by the end of 2013.
The center would be directly subordinate to the Special Operations Forces Command of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
At the end of April 2013, units of the Special Operations Forces conducted a special tactics exercise at Elbrus mountains at an altitude of 4,500 meters.
The exercise was dedicated to practice transportation of one of the SOF units by military transport aviation and army aviation, as well as air insertion of personnel and cargo into target the area.
During peacetime, the SOF may also be called in to execute certain specialised homeland security operations.
In May 2013, the General Staff said that the unit would be tasked with security of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi and that the SOF now comprised air and naval components.
Again, when Russia hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the SOF and FSB special forces units took charge of ensuring the security.
The SOF also conducted counter-terrorism and special operations during the insurgency in the North Caucasus region disguised as other Spetsnaz units.
On 2 December 2017, an unnamed mountain with a height of 3,939 meters located on the Sudor ridge in the Irafsky District of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, was named "Mountain of Special Operations Forces".
Outside the Russian Federation.
The SOF has also taken part in anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, clashing with Somali pirates.
In late February 2014, an unknown number of SOF operators alongside other Russian troops entered Crimea disguised as "little green men" and captured the Crimean Parliament and also began the blockading and capturing of other significant and strategic sites across the peninsula.
SOF combat operations in Syria, which began covertly in late 2015 became more visible by January 2016 with the successful Latakia offensive.
They played a crucial role in the Palmyra offensive, provided support to the Syrian Army attempting the recapturing of Raqqa, repelling the ISIL offensive on Palmyra and throughout the Syrian push for Aleppo in the same year.
They returned during the Second battle of Palmyra in 2017 and saw action throughout the year in the Eastern Homs offensive, North Hama offensive, Operation Grand Dawn, the East Hama offensive, Operation Khuzam, rescuing a Russian Military Police unit in the Idlib de-escalation zone and the entirety of the Eastern Syria campaign.
The SOF also contributed to the success of the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in 2018 and Operation Dawn of Idlib in 2019.
On 11 December 2017, SOF units provided top-level security for the unannounced visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to Syria at Khmeimim Air Base by covering the most dangerous directions from sea, air and land.
Vladimir Putin and Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu later personally thanked all the military personnel involved for their exemplary performance of the task.
In February 2022, the SOF was involved in the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, conducting covert operations targeting critical military infrastructure and support systems of Ukraine and reconnaissance missions behind enemy lines.
Structure and organization.
While official numbers are classified, between the Special Purpose Center "Senezh" and the headquarters at the Special Purpose Center "Kubinka-2", analysts believe the size is around 2,000 to 2,500 total personnel.
The command has supporting elements providing combat support and combat service support functions.
There is a dedicated special aviation brigade that directly controls combat aviation assets at Torzhok, and a squadron of Ilyushin Il-76 transport aircraft at the Migalovo airfield near Tver.
The Special Operations Forces Command is similar in role to the U.S. Joint Special Operations Command.
The command reached full operational capability later in 2013 and also serves as the central command authority for the entire SOF structure of which is subordinate directly to the General Staff.
Training.
At "Senezh", potential operators learn skydiving, mountaineering, swimming and military diving, and storming buildings and homes, while "Kubinka-2" focuses on maritime operations and reconnaissance and controls several naval special operations detachments.
Several more sensitive centers specialised for training SOF specialists also exist in military secrecy.
Depending on the individual tasks the operatives are being prepared for or specialise in, the training varies.
Casualties.
According to the Russian Defence Ministry as of February 2019, there are ten cases among SOF personnel in Syria that have been confirmed to be killed in action.
Description and history.
It was built about 1850, and is a one-story, five bay by four bay, double-pile Greek Revival style raised cottage.
It has a low-pitched, broadly overhanging hip roof and an attached, full width, hip-roofed porch.
The house was expanded twice by rear and side additions built at the turn of the 20th century.
It has long been considered the oldest standing house in Carthage.
Liski () is a rural locality (a selo) in Zaluzhenskoye Rural Settlement, Liskinsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia.
The population was 2,490 as of 2010.
There are 12 streets.
Geography.
It is located 15 km south of Liski (the district's administrative centre) by road.
His work with the AOS was highly influential in sparking and perpetuating the post-World War II bel canto revival, particularly through a number of highly lauded productions of rarely heard works by Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini.
He was the husband of renowned dancer and choreographer Annabelle Gamson.
Their daughter, Rosanna Gamson, is also a celebrated choreographer and their son, David Gamson is a composer of platinum-selling popular songs.
Biography.
Raised in Port Chester, New York, Gamson studied at the Juilliard School( M.S 1953) and while there founded the American Opera Society (AOS) with Allen Sven Oxenburg in 1950.
The company was initially envisioned as an organization to perform Renaissance music and baroque operas in the space for which those works for written, in the homes of the rich.
The company's first production was Claudio Monteverdi's "Il Combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda" for an audience of 50 in the drawing room of a mansion on 5th Avenue in New York City.
These smaller concerts quickly became so popular that the AOS had to move to increasingly larger venues, ultimately using Carnegie Hall as the company's home.
The work was performed in concert and later recorded for Columbia Records.
He conducted Farrell in her first fully staged opera role singing the role of Santuzza in Pietro Mascagni's "Cavalleria Rusticana" in Tampa, Florida in 1956.
During the late 1950s and early 1960s Gamson was an assistant conductor under Leonard Bernstein with the New York City Opera (NYCO).
He made his conducting debut at the NYCO with the first professional production of Mark Bucci's "Tale for a Deaf Ear" on April 6, 1958.
On November 21, 1958, Gamson married dancer Annabelle Gamson.
In March 1960 Gamson was an assistant conductor with the New York Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall at the invitation of Leonard Bernstein, leading the orchestra in performances of Henry Brant's "Antiphony One".
He also led the NYP in selections from Rossini's "L'Italiana in Algeri" during one of the orchestra's Young People's Concerts in April 1960.
In 1961 Gamson left the AOS and moved with his wife to Europe, working actively as an opera conductor in theaters in Italy for two of years.
During this time he returned to the US to conduct a 1961 television broadcast of Mozart's "Der Schauspieldirektor" with Eleanor Steber as Madame Warblewell, Jacquelynne Moody as Madame Heartmelt, and John Kuhn in the title role.
He also conducted the Voice of Firestone presentation of Verdi's La Traviata on television.
The Gamsons moved back to the United States in the mid-1960s, settling in Westchester County, New York.
In the early 1970s Gamson's position as a prominent opera conductor began to fade.
Although he remained active as a conductor he worked mostly with second tier opera companies up through the 1990s.
In addition, Gamson has worked as a conductor for dance, often in conjunction with his wife's career.
His favorite surface is clay.
Career.
He competed in the men's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
His brother Gabriel Melconian is also an Olympic freestyler swimmer.
The University of Kindu (UNIKI) is a public university in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the province of Maniema, city of Kindu.
At its creation, it was an "Extension of the University of Lubumbashi", then called "University Centre of Kindu (C.U.K.)".
As of 2012, instruction is in French.
History.
It is a tributary of the Elk River.
The stream headwaters arise in Newton County south of Neosho near the campus of Crowder College at and it flows west passing under US Route 71 and then southwest into McDonald County passing the community of May.
It continues to the southwest passing under Missouri routes 43 and 76 and the community of Tiff City and into Oklahoma.
It reaches its confluence with the Elk about two miles southwest of the border at .
Riyasat () is a Pakistani TV serial aired in 2005, written by Asghar Nadeem Syed and directed by Kamran Qureshi.
A true story of love revolves around lives of people from two different societies, today's modern Dubai and a small seaside village.
A tale that covers drugs and gold smuggling, human trafficking and evasion from the law.
Plot.
Qadir Jogi, (Talat Hussain), a fisherman involved in human trafficking and gold smuggling, becomes enemy of Shahnawaz Khan (Nadeem Baig), the owner of a small shipping company when he refuses to help Qadir in smuggling.
The enmity reaches to the next generation, Nadir (Adnan Jilani) and Ahmed Nawaz Khan (Humayun Saeed) which starts from business competition and reaches to a woman, Sherry (Zainab Qayyum) who marries Ahmed Nawaz.
The enmity of Qadir Jogi results in losses of Shahnawaz's young daughter, and then his honest army man son-in-law lives.
Taking Seth Moosa Karim's help, Shahnawaz succeeds in getting Qadir Jogi deported from Dubai.
In return, Qadir gets Shahnawaz killed in a plane crash.
Qadir's own son Nadir, dies afterwards in a car accident during the hospitality of a Swiss Princess.
Qadir Jogi, who tried to kill Shahnawaz's son twice, left alone after the accidental death of his only son Nadir.
Soundtrack.
The theme song Riyasat Hai Riyasat was composed by Waqar Ali and sung by Sonu Nigam.
The music video was recorded in India and released in December 2005.
Location.
History.
The municipality of Karlsdorf-Neuthard was formed by a voluntary merger of the villages of Karlsdorf and Neuthard on January 1, 1975.
The new settlement was named in honour of the Grand Duke.
Neuthard was documented for the first time in 1281.
The village belonged to the Bishopric of Speyer and was assigned to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1803.
Guaracy Batista da Silveira (born 2 January 1951) is a Brazilian politician and pastor.
Personal life.
He is a bishop in the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel.
Political career.
Carlye J. Hughes is the eleventh and current bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Newark.
She was ordained as a bishop on September 22, 2018.
Early life and education.
Hughes, a native of Fort Worth, Texas, received a Bachelor of Arts in Drama from the University of Texas at Austin and worked as a corporate trainer for many years before attending seminary at the Virginia Theological Seminary, graduating in 2005.
Hughes is currently a Doctor of Ministry student at the School of Theology of the in Sewanee, TN.
Ordained ministry.
Hughes was ordained in 2005.
She served in a Lilly Fellowship at St. James' Episcopal Church in New York City, followed by five years as rector of St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Peekskill, New York.
Trinity Episcopal Church in Fort Worth, Texas, called Hughes to serve as rector beginning in June 2013.
Hughes is the first woman to serve as rector in the Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth and the first African-American priest to serve in that parish.
Personal life.
Cecharismena anartoides is a species of moth in the family Erebidae.
Lake Chilicocha (in the local (Wanka Quechua) pronunciation variant where "r" is often pronounced as "l") or Lake Chiricocha (possibly from Southern Quechua "chiri" cold, "qucha" lake, "cold lake") is a lake in Peru located in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Acobambilla District.
Lake Chilicocha lies southeast of lakes Acchicocha and Angascocha.
The mountain at the western shore of Lake Chilicocha is named Wilacocha (or Wiracocha).
The lake belongs to the watershed of the Mantaro River.
The Chilicocha dam was built in 1999.
It is high.
The Mooresville Moors were a minor league baseball team based in Mooresville, North Carolina.
Between 1936 and 1953, the Mooresville Moors teams played as members of the 1936 Carolina League, the North Carolina State League from 1937 to 1942 and 1945 to 1952 before playing a final season in the 1953 Tar Heel League.
The Mooresville Moors won six North Carolina State League Championships.
For one season, the team became known as the Mooresville "Braves," playing the 1945 season as a minor league affiliate of the Boston Braves.
The Moors and Braves hosted minor league home games at Mooresville Park.
Baseball Hall of Fame member Hoyt Wilhelm played for the 1942, 1946 and 1947 Mooresville Moors.
History.
Carolina League (1936).
The Mooresville Moors first began minor league play in 1936.
Mooresville, North Carolina was awarded the franchise after agreeing to buy the team equipment and honor player contracts.
Salisbury originally surrendered its franchise to the league on May 18, 1936.
The Mooresville "Moors" corresponds with local agriculture and industry.
The Moor brand Turkish towel was a featured product of local Mooresville cotton mills.
The 1937 Mooresville Moors won the first of six championships.
The Moors became charter members of the North Carolina State League, playing home games at Mooresville Park.
In the Playoffs, the Mooresville Moors defeated the Landis Sens 3 games to 1.
In the Finals, Mooresville defeated the Shelby Cardinals 4 games to 3 to capture the 1937 North Carolina State League Championship.
Moors pitcher Joe Rucidio led the league with 20 wins.
Mooresville native Tripp Sigman played for the 1937 Moors.
In the Finals, the Mooresville Moors and Thomasville Tommies were tied 3 games to 3.
In the 7th game on September 18, 1938, the game was abandoned due to fan violence in Thomasville.
The 1939 Mooresville Moors were North Carolina State League Champions for the third straight season.
In the Playoffs, the Moors defeated the Concord Weavers 3 games to 1.
In the Finals the Mooresville Moors again played the Thomasville Tommies, winning 4 games to 1.
Moors player William Carrier led the league with 92 RBI and teammate Webster Templeton led with 100 runs scored.
Pitcher Richard Robinson won 23 games to lead the league.
Playing at Mooresville Park, season attendance was 20,093, an average of 369 per game.
The Mooresville Moors placed 4th in the 1940 North Carolina State League regular season standings and advanced to the league Finals.
Finishing 4.5 games behind the 1st place Kannapolis Towelers, Mooresville qualified for the Playoffs.
In the Playoffs, the Mooresville Moors swept the Salisbury Giants in 3 games.
In the Finals, the Lexington Indians won the title, defeating Mooresville 4 games to 1.
Norm Small led the North Carolina State League with 25 home runs and 115 RBI.
On May 28, 1941, the Moors released future Baseball Hall of Fame member Hoyt Wilhelm, who had not appeared in a game after signing with the team on May 7, 1941, just four days out of high school.
Wilhelm would return to the Moors for three seasons of play, beginning in 1942.
The 1941 Mooresville Moors again advanced to the North Carolina State League finals.
The Mooresville Moors defeated the Kannapolis Towelers 3 games to 1 in the playoffs to advance.
In the Finals, the Salisbury Giants and Mooresville Moors series went to 7 games, with Salisbury winning the championship.
The Moors finished in a tie for 2nd place in the 1942 North Carolina State League regular season.
In the Playoffs, the Landis Senators swept Mooresville in three games.
Norm Small led the league with 32 home runs and 107 RBI and pitcher Harry Jordan had 179 strikeouts to lead the league.
After the 1942 season, the North Carolina State League suspended play due to World War II.
Mooresville returned to play in the 1945 North Carolina State League.
The Mooresville Braves became a minor league affiliate of the Boston Braves for one season.
Jack Quinlan was the 1945 manager.
Braves pitcher Forrest Thompson led the league with 24 wins, a 2.13 ERA and 278 strikeouts.
The franchise returned to the Mooresville "Moors" moniker in 1946 and captured the North Carolina State League Championship.
The Moors finished 19.0 games behind the 1st place Concord Weavers in the regular season, playing under managers Robert Crow and Norm Small.
Small led the league with 18 home runs and 100 runs scored, while pitcher Lacy James led the league with 247 strikeouts.
In the Playoffs, Mooresville defeated the Landis Millers 4 games to 3.
In the Finals the Mooresville Moors won the championship by defeating the Concord Weavers 4 games to 2.
Wilhelm returned after serving in the Army during World War II and earning the Purple Heart.
He had been injured, with shrapnel permanently embedded in his back.
Mooresville won another North Carolina State League Championship and pennant in 1947.
In the Playoffs, Mooresville defeated the Hickory Rebels 4 games to 3 to advance.
Season attendance at Mooresville Park was 39,091 an average of 704 per game.
Mooresville was down three games to none to Lexington in the championship series.
The Moores then won the next four games, including a 20-1 victory in the deciding seventh game to claim the championship.
Hoyt Wilhelm won three of the four games for Mooresville.
Mooresville placed 5th in the 1948 North Carolina State League season standings and did not qualify for the playoffs.
Mooresville finished 9.5 games behind the 1st place High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms in the final regular season standings.
Season attendance at Mooresville Park was 33,569.
Jim Mills was the 1949 manager as the Moors finished 18.0 games behind the 1st place High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms.
In the Playoffs, the Lexington Indians swept Mooresville in four games.
Lester Bringle of Mooresville led the North Carolina State League with 21 wins.
Attendance at Mooresville Park for the season was 37,414.
Mooresville placed 2nd in the 1950 North Carolina State League regular season standings for the second consecutive season.
In the Playoffs, the High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms defeated Mooresville Moors 4 games to 2.
Season attendance for home games at Mooresville Park was 32,798.
Mooresville placed 7th in the North Carolina State League regular season standings under managers Tuck McWilliams and Jim Mills.
Mooresville finished 35.0 games behind the 1st place High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms in the regular season standings.
Season home attendance was 18,666, an average of 296 per game.
The 1952 Mooresville Moors were the North Carolina State League Champions in the last season of play for the league.
In the Playoffs, the Mooresville Moors defeated the Elkin Blanketeers 4 games to 1.
Season attendance at Mooresville Park was 18,241, an average of 335.
After the season, the North Carolina State League permanently folded.
Tar Heel League (1953).
In their final season, the 1953 Mooresville Moors became members of the Class D level Tar Heel League.
Season attendance at Mooresville Park was 19,413 an average of 344 per contest.
The Mooresville franchise folded from the Tar Heel League following the season, as the league reduced to four teams.
Minor league baseball has not returned to Mooresville following the demise of the Moors.
Since 2014, Mooresville has hosted the Mooresville Spinners, a collegiate summer baseball team, playing at Moor Park.
The ballpark.
For their duration, the Mooresville Moors hosted minor league at home games exclusively at Mooresville Park.
Today, the site is still in use, known as Moor Park.
The park and hosts youth teams, as well as the Mooresville Spinners, a collegiate summer baseball team that began play in 2014 as members of the Carolina-Virginia Collegiate League and who today play in the Southern Collegiate Baseball League.
Moor Park is located at 691 South Broad Street.
Today, the Merinos Home Furnishings building occupies the former mill complex, near Moor Park.
He flew with the Royal Air Force throughout the Second World War and afterwards served with the Royal New Zealand Air Force until 1969.
He entered Parliament as a National Party MP in 1969 and served as a cabinet minister from 1975 to 1980, when he resigned to become New Zealand's Ambassador to the United States.
Early life.
Born in Wellington on 31 January 1917 to Tom and Adelaide Gill ( Latto), Gill was educated at St. Patrick's College, Wellington.
Gill was one of eight children.
Air force career.
Gill joined the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in 1937 and transferred to the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1939.
He flew Fairey Battle light bombers with 88 Squadron RAF during the Battle of France, Hawker Hurricane fighters with 43 Squadron RAF in the Battle of Britain, and later flew on night bombing raids.
He was a flying officer with No.
75 Squadron RAF on 23 September 1941 when he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.
Gill attended RAF Staff College, Bulstrode Park and the Joint Services Staff College at Latimer House, and returned to the RNZAF following the war.
Gill was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1961 New Year Honours.
He was Deputy Chief of Air Staff with the rank of air commodore from 1965, and served as Air Officer Commanding Operations Group RNZAF at Whenuapai from 1965 to 1969.
Member of Parliament.
Gill represented the Waitemata electorate in the New Zealand Parliament from 1969 to 1972, and then the East Coast Bays electorate from 1972 to 1980, when he resigned to take up the post of New Zealand Ambassador to the United States.
In 1972, Gill supported Robert Muldoon's candidacy to succeed Keith Holyoake as the leader of the National Party, which was ultimately won by Jack Marshall.
In 1974, Gill supported Muldoon's successful leadership challenge against Marshall.
In an act of gratitude Muldoon promoted Gill to the front bench.
Ranked 8th he was the highest placed MP who had not been a minister in the previous National government.
Muldoon appointed Gill as Shadow Minister of Health, Social Welfare and Superannuation.
Following the 1975 New Zealand general election, Gill was appointed Minister of Health, an appointment which he resented since he had wanted the position of Minister of Defence.
According to the historian Barry Gustafson, Gill had a tense relationship with Prime Minister Muldoon, with the two disagreeing strongly on several occasions.
As Health Minister, Gill disagreed with the Labour Party's support for a centralised health system and favoured the existing decentralised system of district health boards.
During his time as a government minister and Member of Parliament, Gill was known as a staunch anti-abortion opponent within the National Party.
In 1977, Gill introduced the Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977, which decriminalised abortion in New Zealand under a restrictive framework.
Gill clashed with the pro-abortion George Gair, leaving their relationship "damaged irreparably."
Due to his anti-abortion position, Gill's candidacy for the East Coast Bays electorate was challenged by pro-abortion National Party supporters, who unsuccessfully fielded a National Alternative candidate.
This conflict destabilised the National Party's organisation and vote in East Cost Bays, contributing to the Social Credit Party taking the electorate in a snap election in 1982.
As Minister of Immigration, Gill supported the Government's dawn raids against overstayers, which disproportionately targeted the Pasifika community.
In response the Polynesian Panthers activist group staged "counter raids" on the homes of Gill and fellow National MP and minister Bill Birch, surrounding them with light and chanting with megaphones.
On 25 August 1980, Gill was granted the right to retain the title The Honourable on his retirement as a member of the Executive Council of New Zealand.
Ambassador to Washington and death.
Gill was New Zealand's Ambassador to the United States from 1981 until his death.
Muldoon's decision to appoint Gill as Ambassdaor was opposed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs Brian Talboys.
While serving as Ambassador to the United States, Gill was hospitalised at Georgetown University Hospital on 16 February 1982 and returned to New Zealand on a stretcher shortly before his death in Auckland on 1 March 1982.
His ashes were buried in the Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association section at North Shore Memorial Park.
Gill's grandson, Mark Mitchell, was elected to parliament in 2011.
She participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil and the 2012 Summer Olympics, and was a national team player between 2011 and 2017.
Personal life.
Ulrika Toft Hansen is married to Danish handballer Henrik Toft Hansen.
In the 2014 Moroccan census the commune recorded a population of 9521 people living in 1836 households.
Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
The Grand Prix de Ponce is an auto race held at the Ponce Speedway in the El Tuque sector of barrio Canas, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
The yearly event started in 1993.
Before the construction of the Speedway, the race took place in the area of La Guancha in barrio Playa in Ponce.
The new speedway opened in 2003.
History.
The Grand Prix Marlboro de Ponce first started in 1993.
The 60,000 fans attending provided the momentum to continue celebrating the races.
Location.
Today's Grand Prix de Ponce takes place in Ponce at El Tuque, a beach, speedway and marina complex just west of Ponce.
The new speedway venue is called the "Ponce International Speedway Park" and opened in 2003.
It includes a drag-racing track and circuit track.
Winners.
October 1994.
In 2018, lawyers and politicians accused Ennahda of forming a secret organisation that has infiltrated security forces and the judiciary.
They also claimed the party was behind the 2013 assassinations of Chokri Belaid and Mohamed Brahmi, two progressive political leaders of the leftist Popular Front electoral alliance.
Ennahda denied the accusations and accused the Popular Front of slandering and distorting Ennahda.
It said that the Popular Front was exploiting the two assassination cases and using blood as an excuse to reach the government after failing to do so through democratic means.
Ideology.
Robert F. Worth, following 2011 and the "Arab Spring" mainstream media reports, calls it "the mildest and most democratic Islamist party in history" but omits the ideological adoption of the "velayat-i feqih" by the movement's founder Rached Ghannouchi, who has remained its president for 38 years without interruption.
The expert on Islamic Jurisprudence and Shia Political Thought, Rana Rashid Mudhaffer (University of Baqir al-Olum University) refers to him in an article published in the personal website of Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei, making an apologetical commentary of Kheridji-Ghannouchi's publication "Participation in Non-Islamic Government in Liberal Islam", when referring to Islamic Government.
History.
Early years.
Succeeding a group known as "Islamic Action", the party was founded under the name of "Movement of Islamic Tendency" ( (MTI), "") in 1981.
After the Tunisian bread riots in January 1984 the government suspected the MTI of involvement in the disturbances, and arrested many of its supporters.
The MTI leaders had encouraged their followers to join in the riots, but the government produced no proof that they had organized them.
The persecution of the MTI enhanced its reputation as an organization committed to helping the people.
The group supported the 1979 takeover of the U.S. embassy in Tehran, claiming that "It was not an embassy, but a spy centre".
Their influence in 1984 was such that, according to Robin Wright, a British journalist living in Tunisia, stated that the Islamic Tendency was "the single most threatening opposition force in Tunis.
One word from the fundamentalists will close down the campus or start a demonstration."
The group, or some of its members, were also responsible for the bombing of some tourist hotels in the 1980s.
Although traditionally shaped by the thinking of Islamist thinkers Sayyid Qutb and Maududi, the party began to be described as "moderate Islamist" in the 1980s when it advocated democracy and a "Tunisian" form of Islamism recognizing political pluralism and a "dialogue" with the West.
Its main leader Rached Ghannouchi, has been criticized for calling for jihad against Israel and "openly threatened U.S. interests, supported Iraq against the United States and campaigned against the Arab-Israeli peace process".
Others described him as "widely considered ... a moderate who believes that Islam and democracy are compatible".
In the 1989 elections, President Ben Ali banned the party from participating but allowed some members to run as independents.
Allegedly surprised by Ennahda's popularity, two years later Ben Ali banned the movement and jailed 25,000 activists.
Ennahda activists attacked the ruling party headquarters, killing one person and splashing acid in the faces of several others.
Many Ennahda members went into exile.
Ennahda's newspaper "Al-Fajr" was banned in Tunisia and its editor, Hamadi Jebali, was sentenced to sixteen years imprisonment in 1992 for membership in the un-authorized organisation and for "aggression with the intention of changing the nature of the state".
The Arabic language television station "El Zaytouna" is believed to be connected with Ennahda.
The party was strongly repressed in the late 1980s and early 1990s and almost completely absent from Tunisia from 1992 until the post-revolutionary period.
"Tens of thousands" of Islamists were imprisoned or exiled during this time.
Revolution and return to political scene.
In the wake of the Tunisian Revolution, thousands of people welcomed Rached Ghannouchi on his return to Tunis.
The party was described as moving "quickly to carve out a place" in the Tunisian political scene, "taking part in demonstrations and meeting with the prime minister."
Earlier Ghannouchi announced that the party had "signed a shared statement of principles with the other Tunisian opposition groups".
"The New York Times" reported mixed predictions among Tunisians for the party's success, with some believing the party would enjoy support in the inland part of Tunisia, but others saying Tunisia was "too secular" for the Ennahda Party to gain broad support.
On 22 January 2011, in an interview with Al Jazeera TV, Rached Ghannouchi confirmed that he is against an Islamic Caliphate, and supports democracy instead, unlike Hizb ut-Tahrir, (whom Ghannouchi accuses of exporting a distorted understanding of Islam).
The party was legalised on 1 March 2011.
This success has caused some secularist to call for the postponing of elections in what many described as "secularism extremism" who were hellbent on denying Ennahda forming the government despite what election observers described as free and fair democratic process.
In May 2011 Ennahda's General Secretary Hamadi Jebali traveled to Washington, D.C., on the invitation of the "Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy" He also met U.S.
Senators John McCain and Joe Lieberman.
Ennahda's leaders have been described as "highly sensitive to the fears among other West about Islamic party".
"We are not an Islamist party, we are an Islamic party, that also gets its bearings by the principles of the Quran."
Moreover, he named Turkey a model, regarding the relation of state and religion, and compared the party's Islamic democratic ideology to Christian democracy in Italy and Germany.
On a press conference in June 2011 the Ennahda Party presented itself as modern and democratic and introduced a female member who wore a headscarf and a member who didn't, and announced the launching of a youth wing.
The speaker of Tunisia's suspended parliament, Rached Ghannouchi wrote to President Kais Saied asking him to reveal the whereabouts and condition of El-Beheiry.
2011 Constituent Assembly election.
Ahead of the Constituent Assembly election on 23 October 2011, the party conducted extensive electoral campaign, extensively providing potential voters, especially from the lower class, with promotional gifts, meals for the end of Ramadan feasts, and sponsoring events.
According to scholar Noah Feldman, rather than being a "puzzling disappointment for the forces of democracy", the Ennahda victory is a natural outcome of inevitable differences between revolution's leaders and the fact that "Tunisians see Islam as a defining feature of their personal and political identities."
Rached Ghannouchi, the party's leader was one of the few "voices of resistance to the regime in the last 20 years."
Subsequently, it agreed with the two runners-up, the centre-left secular Congress for the Republic (CPR) and Ettakatol, to co-operate in the Assembly and to share the three highest positions in state.
Accordingly, Ennahda supported the election of Ettakatol's secretary-general Mustapha Ben Jafar as President of the Constituent Assembly, and of CPR-leader Moncef Marzouki as Interim President of the Republic.
The latter, in exchange, immediately appointed Ennahda's secretary-general Hamadi Jebali as Prime Minister.
Ennahda was part of the Troika government, along with Ettakatol, and CPR.
The government was criticized for mediocre economic performance, not stimulating the tourism industry, poor relations with Tunisia's biggest trading partner France.
In particular it was criticized for not monitoring and controlling radical Islamists (such as Ansar al-Sharia) who were blamed for, among other things, attempting to Islamise the country, the 2012 ransacking and burning of the American embassy.
The Troika government reasserted state control over 80 percent of the mosques that had been taken over by extremists in the chaotic period immediately after the revolution.
On 19 February 2013, following the assassination of Chokri Belaid and ensuing protests, Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali resigned from his office, a move which was deemed unprecedented by analysts.
The move followed his attempt to form a technocratic government.
Ennahda, however, rejected his resignation insisting on a government of politicians and Jebali formally resigned after a meeting with President Moncef Marzouki saying it was in the best interests of the country.
Today there is a great disappointment among the people and we must regain their trust and this resignation is a first step."
Party leader Rached Ghannouchi then suggested a government of politicians and technocrats, while Jebali suggested that if he was tasked with forming a new government it would have to include non-partisan ministers and a variety of political representation that would lead to a new election.
Unnamed opposition figures welcomed the resignation.
On 14 March 2013, Ali Larayedh was elected as Ennahda's new Secretary General and officially took over as Tunisia's new Prime Minister.
Ennahda ceded control of key ministries to technocrats, including foreign affairs, defence and the interior.
After stabilization of the political situation, the assassination of Mohamed Brahmi, member of the Assembly, in July 2013, led to turmoil and political deadlock.
Ghanouchi worked with secularist leader Beji Caid Essebsi to forge a compromise agreement, both were heavily criticized by their party rank and file and Ghanouchi received agreement from the Ennahda shura council after threatening to resign.
Outside observers called it a "model transition".
Ennahda did not put forward or endorse any candidate for the November 2014 presidential election.
In the 2014 Tunisian parliamentary election, Ennahda candidate Jamilia Ksiksi became Tunisia's first black female MP.
Chairmen.
During its first ten years of existence, presidency of Ennahda changed very often, while its leading figure Rached Ghannouchi was jailed until 1984 and then again in 1987.
After going to exile he remained the party's "intellectual leader".
In November 1991 he also took back the formal presidency.
In the wake of the compromise worked out by Ghanouchi and Beji Caid Essebsi, the party (or at least its leader), has been complimented for it willingness to compromise, protecting Tunisia's democracy and civil peace from Egyptian style violence.
However some Islamists see the party as having lost an opportunity to reverse the "social framework" of secularism in the country.
The party is generally described as socially centrist with mild support for economic liberalism and has been compared to European Christian democrats.
However, liberals accuse its leaders of "doublespeak" in this regard.
The party wishes to revise the strong secular, Arab nationalist, and socialist principles that predominate among the other parties, and instead allow Islam into public life and be more accommodating to other viewpoints such as closer relations with the West and greater economic freedom.
On 13 November 2011, the party's secretary-general Hamadi Jebali held a joint rally in Sousse together with a parliamentary deputy of the Palestinian Hamas party.
Jebali referred to the occasion as "a divine moment in a new state, and in, hopefully, a 6th caliphate," and that "the liberation of Tunisia will, God willing, bring about the liberation of Jerusalem."
While the tone was said do be sharply in contrast to official statements of the party, Jebali was appointed Prime Minister of Tunisia a mere month later.
When in January 2012, Hamas leadership arrived for another visit to Tunisia, people at the airport were heard shouting "Kill the Jews."
Tunisian Jews said Ennahda leadership was slow to condemn the shouting.
Ahmed Ibrahim of the Tunisian "Pole Democratique Moderniste" political bloc complained to a foreign journalist that Ennahda appears "soft" on television, "but in the mosques, it is completely different.
Some of them are calling for jihad".
The general manager of "Al Arabiya" wrote an editorial expressing the opinion that Ennahda is fundamentally a conservative Islamist party with a moderate leadership.
Ennahda has been described as a mixed bag with moderate top layers and a base defined by "a distinctly fundamentalist tilt".
Although the party has expressed support for women's rights and equality of civil rights between men and women, the party chose to place only two women at first position out of 33 regional lists for the Tunisian Constituent Assembly.
Ghannouchi noted that women have not held any de facto leadership positions under Ben Ali's governments and that it is a reality that only a few women are currently suited to leadership posts.
The party is more moderate in urbanized areas such as Tunis, where secular and socially liberal beliefs predominate.
However, Ennahda's compromises and abandoning of political Islam has made their core supporters lose faith in them.
Perhaps as a result, in 2018, the party declared that it would vote down a bill that would end gender discrimination and implement inheritance equality between men and women, justifying its position because the bill proposed by the Tunisian president Beji Caid Essebsi is against the Quran and the beliefs of Tunisian people.
The position sparked outrage among Tunisian progressives and liberals who accused the party of lying about its embrace of democracy, and turning back to its Islamic radical origins.
According to a 2020 study, members of parliament in the Ennahda movement who had lived abroad in secular democracies had more liberal voting records than their counterparts who had only lived in Tunisia.
Homosexuality.
The party and its leaders have taken very hostile positions against homosexuality.
In 2012, Samir Dilou, then minister of human rights and leader of Ennahda, said the LGBT people have no right to free speech, and they should respect the religion and heritage of Tunisia, he also said that homosexuality is a sexual perversion and a mental illness.
Amnesty International said that it was deeply disappointed by the comments of Dilou, especially that he's responsible for the respect of human rights.
The presidential candidate of Ennahda in 2019, Abdelfattah Mourou, stated that homosexuality is a personal choice and that we must respected individual freedoms, but at the same time he said that he announced his support for the continuation of criminalization of homosexuality in Tunisia, where sodomy is criminalized by 3 years of imprisonment.
This double-disc album was recorded in Colombia, Germany and Hungary during the Secret of the Runes world tour in late 2001.
San Agustin Institute of Technology (SAIT) is a premier private Catholic higher educational institution located in Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines.
The school offers Pre-school education up to College education.
SAIT has been providing Catholic education in Valencia City for 63 years now.
History.
San Agustin Institute of Technology (SAIT) was established in 1960 out of funds solicited from abroad by Fr.
Manlio, S.J. the Catholic Priest assigned in Valencia, Bukidnon.
It started as a general high school with 101 students attending classes in the parish convent.
On March 5, 2008, SAIT was able to launch the Fr.
Caroselli, S.J., Development Foundation Inc.
Eulimella polita is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Nomenclature.
In such a case, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature requires that the younger name "Eulimella polita" (A.E.
Verrill, 1872) be replaced by a substitute name.
However, there is no substitute name available at this moment (January 2012).
Until such a substitute name is established, WoRMS lists provisionally the two species as distinct, although one is designated by an invalid name.
Description.
This species differs from the other species in this genus by its continuous peristome.
The teleoconch contains twelve whorls that are well rounded, smooth and glossy.
Havenscourt is a neighborhood of Oakland in Alameda County, California.
Schools.
He was professor of pure mathematics at Victoria University of Wellington from the mid 1970s, until serving as vice-chancellor of the University of Waikato between 1985 and 1994.
Biography.
Born in Feilding on 29 November 1933, Malcolm was educated at Feilding Agricultural High School.
He went on to study at Wellington Teachers' College and Victoria University College, graduating Master of Arts with first-class honours in 1957.
He won a Shirtcliffe Fellowship, which enabled him to take parts II and III of the Mathematical Tripos, specialising in algebra and topology, at the University of Cambridge.
Malcolm returned to Victoria, where he took up a lecturership in pure mathematics.
Between 1964 and 1966, he spent time away from the university, working as the general secretary of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship of Evangelical Unions.
However, he returned to lecturing at Victoria in 1967, and was promoted to senior lecturer the following year.
In 1972, he completed his PhD thesis, titled "Ultraproducts and higher order models", supervised by George Hughes and Max Cresswell from the Department of Philosophy, and C.J.
Seelye from the Mathematics Department.
In 1985, Malcolm moved to the University of Waikato to take up the vice-chancellorship, serving in that role until 1994.
Malcolm was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal in 1990.
In the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to tertiary education.
The following year, he was conferred with an honorary doctorate by the University of Waikato.
The Wilf Malcolm Institute of Educational Research at Waikato was named in his honour in 2002, in recognition of his contribution to education.
History.
They regularly hauled "The Ghan" and "Indian Pacific" until replaced by CLP class locomotives in 1994.
They were transferred to National Rail, however, following the delivery of the NR class, 13 were returned to Australian National and by November 1997 were stored at Islington Railway Workshops.
The 14th had been destroyed in an accident at Mount Christie in February 1997.
Six were briefly hired to Australian Southern Railroad in late 1997.
In November 1998, the remaining 13 were sold to Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia.
All have been repainted into Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia's yellow, blue and silver livery and named after famous Australian racehorses.
Palmer was born at Weston near Bath, the son of John Palmer, who had introduced the use of mail coaches.
He was educated at Eton College and Oriel College, Oxford and entered the army as cornet in the 10th Dragoons in May 1796.
In 1808 he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Bath.
Palmer served with his regiment during the Peninsular war and acted as lieutenant-colonel from May 1810 to November 1814.
The Prince Regent appointed him as an aide-de-camp on 8 February 1811, and he held the rank until promoted major-general on 27 May 1825.
Palmer held his seat at Bath until 1826.
At the 1829 election, there was a double return and in the following by-election he lost.
However he was re-elected for Bath in 1830 and held the seat until 1837.
He died at the age of 73.
Biography.
Cagnotto's wife Carmen Casteiner and daughter Tania also represented Italy in diving.
Melody Tung Chan is an American mathematician and violinist who works as Associate Professor of Mathematics at Brown University.
Her research involves combinatorial commutative algebra, graph theory, and tropical geometry.
Education and career.
Chan was inspired to become a violinist as a pre-schooler, seeing Yo-Yo Ma on Sesame Street.
As a freshman at Scarsdale High School in Scarsdale, New York, she became the youngest first place winner of the 1997 Young Artists Competition of the Sarah Lawrence College chamber orchestra.
She studied violin at Juilliard School with Itzhak Perlman and Dorothy DeLay from 2000 to 2001.
In 2002, she played a Vivaldi concerto for four violins alongside Perlman in a performance at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts that was broadcast on PBS.
She then majored in computer science and mathematics at Yale University.
At Yale she played violin in the Yale Symphony Orchestra, won a Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship and the university's Hart Lyman Prize for best junior student, and became vice president of the local chapter of Phi Beta Kappa.
She graduated "summa cum laude" from Yale in 2005.
After studying for the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge from 2005 to 2006, Chan worked with Paul Seymour at Princeton University, completing a master's degree there in 2008.
She completed her doctorate in 2012 at the University of California, Berkeley.
Her dissertation, "Tropical curves and metric graphs", was supervised by Bernd Sturmfels.
Chan conducted postdoctoral research at Harvard University from 2012 to 2015, and then joined Brown as Manning Assistant Professor in 2015.
Recognition.
As an undergraduate at Yale, Chan won the 2005 Alice T. Schafer Prize for her undergraduate research, which resulted in three published papers on distinguishing colorings of Cayley graphs.
Chan was given a Sloan Research Fellowship in 2018.
Gypsy (Cynthia "Cindy" Reynolds) is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.
Publication history.
Fictional character biography.
Cynthia "Cindy" Reynolds was born to Edward and June Reynolds, who lived their lives in a peaceful, suburban home.
Cindy grew up as an intelligent and experienced barefooter,(a person who chooses not to wear shoes) which became one of her trademarks as a teenager.
Soon after Cindy's brother was born, Edward and June began to fight.
Cindy tried to keep her parents together but also suffered abuse.
When her illusion powers began to manifest at the age of fourteen, Cindy bought a one-way bus ticket to Detroit and ran away from home.
JLA Detroit.
Once Cindy arrived in Detroit, she used her chameleon and illusion-casting powers to protect herself from the normal dangers of city life.
As she grew to adulthood, Cindy adopted the identity of "Gypsy", patterning her dress after common stereotypes of Romani dress.
The Justice League soon took up residence in a neighborhood near Gypsy's stomping grounds after Aquaman disbanded the original League.
Shortly after the League moved into their new headquarters Gypsy began testing their security measures, eventually penetrating them and gaining access to the Hall Of Justice.
Eventually, Gypsy becomes brave enough to follow along with the Justice League and to aid in the battle against the Overmaster and his Cadre.
After successfully aiding her idols against Overmaster, the Justice League invited Cynthia to join their ranks to become a full-time member of 'The League.'
Gypsy Accepted the League's offer participated in the Justice League's struggles against the power-mad Anton Allegro and a reactivated Amazo.
Gypsy found cause to test her powers to their limits when the new JLA was unexpectedly ambushed by the Royal Flush Gang during a wilderness retreat.
While her teammates were incapacitated, Gypsy ventured outside of her body, via astral projection.
Gypsy used her astral form to spy on the Gang's activities.
During the same retreat, Cindy received a dire premonition about the respective fates of her teammates Steel and Vibe respectively.
Despite Gypsy's warnings Steel and Vibe were doomed when they were killed by Professor Ivo during his bid to destroy the then current justice league.
Gypsy was able, however, to save the rest of her teammates from the Amazo android Dr. Ivo dispatched to murder her, by finding its conscience.
After reaching the android's emotions Cindy convinced it not to kill her.
Though Ivo succeeded in killing Vibe (as Gypsy had foreseen), the android saw Cindy safely returned to her parents' custody.
Gypsy's domestic happiness was short-lived, as some time after Gypsy left the JLA, a vengeful Despero arrived at her home and murdered her parents.
Gypsy would have been Despero's next victim, if not for the intervention of the Martian Manhunter and the rest of the Justice League.
Although devastated by the loss of her family, Gypsy agreed to join Booster Gold's corporate-sponsored super team known as the Conglomerate.
Justice League Task Force.
During her time on the U.N's.
"Justice League Task Force" team Gypsy grew close to the Martian Manhunter.
During her time on the JLTF, Gypsy was nearly forced to battle Lady Shiva.
On a different mission Cindy was left for dead by her teammates.
Gypsy later joined a revamped version of the J.L.T.A. along with L-Ron (in the body of Despero), The Ray, and Triumph.
Gypsy and Ray were both later mind-controlled and used by Triumph during his strike against the reformed JLA.
Ray forced the J.L.T.F. to attack the J.L.A. because he felt both the world and "the headliners" had forgotten about his team when the "JLA" Reformed.
During the battle, Gypsy saw Aquaman, her old teammate in Detroit, confusedly telling him "you went away".
There were also been hints of a romantic relationship between Gypsy and the Bronze Tiger.
Gypsy and J'onn keep in touch.
At one point, after she had been killed, Gypsy was resurrected by the Manhunter, who plead with his Martian god, Hronmeer, to restore Cynthia to life.
Cynthia also aided Wonder Woman during a massive battle against Circe.
Recent history.
Recently Gypsy has joined Barbara Gordon's Birds of Prey.
In recent times Gypsy has demonstrated greater flexibility with her powers and is now able to extend her powers of invisibility to hide other people and things around her.
Gypsy has also teamed up with Vixen to clean up the remnants of an old case.
The two heroines rescued Stargirl after they discovered that Amos Fortune had been kidnapping members of the JSA.
Gypsy was one of the imprisoned heroes who were forced to fight at the behest of the Apokoliptan gods on Earth in the Dark Side Club.
Gypsy spoke at Martian Manhunter's funeral where she, along with several other heroes, were telepathically compelled by the Martian Manhunter to recall Martian history.
Gypsy was again accosted by Despero, who brought her unconscious body to Happy Harbor and fights Vixen's ragtag Justice League.
During the "Blackest Night" storyline, Gypsy, Vixen and Doctor Light battle Black Lantern versions of several deceased members of the Justice League that were attacking the Hall of Justice.
The New 52.
In The New 52, Gyspy was not a member of the League, and first appeared as one of the captive metahumans imprisoned by Amanda Waller in a government holding facility.
In, "The New 52," continuity Gypsy was a refugee from an alternate dimension, fleeing from Vibe's brother Rupture who was enslaved by Mordeth.
Rupture revealed that Gypsy's full name in the new continuity is Cynthia Mordeth, as she was Mordeth's daughter.
Powers and abilities.
Gypsy's primary power is that of illusion casting, which allows her to blend into her background, effectively becoming invisible.
It also allows her to adapt to rapidly changing backgrounds without betraying the illusion.
She can camouflage both herself and someone in close proximity to her.
In Gypsy's first appearance, only her shadow is shown from the Bunker's monitor, and she appears to teleport at the end of the issue.
Gypsy's illusion-casting can also be used to project frightening illusions into the minds of other people.
These illusions usually show what the affected person fears most.
This ability can affect other living things besides people, and Gypsy can use this ability in combat situations.
Gypsy has the ability to project an illusion to appear as another person, but that person needs to be her approximate height and weight for it to appear authentic.
Gypsy's powers have evolved to the point that she can now cloak not only herself, but a moving vehicle and its passengers.
Gypsy also has limited precognitive abilities and astral projection (able to project her spirit from her body).
Aside from her powers, Gypsy is an expert in hand-to-hand combat.
She is also an accomplished acrobat, able to leap high, run fast, swim, and execute unexpectedly quick martial arts tactics with relative ease.
Gypsy also has a strong aptitude in electronics and computers, and has become skilled in the use of firearms.
She has been trained by Bronze Tiger.
Other versions.
"Justice League Unlimited".
Earth-16.
In other media.
Film.
An evil parallel Earth version of Gypsy named Gypsy Woman appears in the animated film "".
"Still in My Heart" is the second single from Tracie Spencer's third album, Tracie.
It was sent to urban contemporary radio on October 19, 1999.
Music video.
The music video was released in 2000.
He worked as a session drummer for Motown.
Biography.
Born in the South Bronx, Reid started drumming at 16.
His family moved to Queens, New York, three blocks away from John Coltrane.
Before attending Adelphi University in Garden City, New York, he worked as part of the Apollo Theatre House Band and recorded with Martha and the Vandellas under the direction of Quincy Jones.
In 1969, Reid refused to register for the draft during the Vietnam War.
He was arrested as a conscientious objector and sentenced to a four-year prison sentence at Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary, where he served with Jimmy Hoffa.
After his release on parole in 1971, Reid found work as a session musician with Dionne Warwick, Horace Silver, Charles Tyler, Sun Ra, and Freddie Hubbard, in addition to Broadway stage work.
In 1974, Reid formed the Legendary Master Brotherhood and his record label, Mustevic Sound.
He lived in Lugano, Switzerland, for several years in later life and released several recordings for the English label Soul Jazz and the German label CPR.
For his final albums, his band included Chuck Henderson (soprano saxophone), Boris Netsvetaev (piano), and Chris Lachotta (double-bass).
In 2006, Reid and electronic musician Kieran Hebden, recorded the experimental album "The Exchange Session Vol.
1".
2" (2006), "Tongues" (2007), and "NYC" (2008).
In an interview, Reid referred to Hebden as his "musical soul mate".
On April 13, 2010, Reid died in New York of throat cancer.
Discography.
Biography.
She was the fifth born of eleven siblings in a family that was part of the Cuban-Creole middle class.
Her father was a doctor, Manuel Pelaez y Laredo, and her mother, Maria del Carmen del Casal y Lastra, stayed at home with her children.
Amelia's uncle was Julian del Casal, who was a poet and included her family in Cuba's intellectual circles.
Receiving a small government grant, she travelled to New York City in the Summer of 1924 and began six months of study at the Art Students' League.
In 1927, after being awarded a larger grant, she began studying in France, while paying short visits to Spain, Italy, and other countries.
Student life in Paris.
Pelaez moved to Paris, accompanied by Cuban writer Lydia Cabrera, after she received a grant from the government in order to pursue art.
She then began studying with Russian painter Alexandra Exter, whose friendship and classes in color theory and design were an important influence.
Galerie Zak hosted a solo-exhibition of her paintings in 1933, where she exhibited thirty-eight works.
In her years in Paris, her work was highly praised by French critics.
Life in Havana.
The Cuba Pelaez returned to was in a state of economic uncertainty and political unrest.
Beginning in the late 1920s, Cuba was searching for a new art that would reflect the national identity.
In response, Pelaez departed from earlier vanguard strategies and turned to new approaches that involved depictions of Afro-Cuban and guajiro (peasant) subjects, while representing them in the adoption of European modernism.
Her signature still life paintings were praised for the use of native fruits and flora referencing her Cuban roots.
In 1935-1936, Pelaez focused much of her paintings and drawings to the use of ink and pencil.
The treatment of these drawings differs than her previous oil works, by distorting and exaggerating the figure with "sinuous line and light shading" that reference Cubism and European Modernism.
Her most important works of this type are a ceramic mural at the Tribunal de Cuentas in Havana (1953) and the facade of the Habana Hilton hotel (1957).
Estrada Palma 261.
Amelia lived in her mother's house, which was a mix between a neoclassical design and a more traditional Cuban Creole architectural style house, for the rest of her years after her return to Havana, Cuba.
Her house was a main source of inspiration after returning to a reclusive domestic lifestyle.
The house was built in 1912, filled with colonial furniture of the baroque style.
The house contained marble, crystal, wood, and ceramics in its interior.
Amelia would also hang her paintings as decor.
Parijatha is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language romantic comedy film directed by Prabhu Srinivas starring Diganth, Aindrita Ray and Sharan.
The film is a remake of the Tamil film "Boss Engira Bhaskaran" starring Arya and Nayantara.
The film was a musical hit with the soundtrack and score composed by Mano Murthy.
The film also received appreciation for its neat screenplay.
Soundtrack.
The songs for the film were composed by Mano Murthy.
The song "Oh Parijatha" ranked fourth among the South India's top 20 songs list in Nokia Ovi Store and also another song "Nee Mohisu" has occupied the 12th position in South Top 20 songs list in Nokia Ovi Store.
Release.
"Parijatha" was released in only eighteen movie theaters in Bangalore.
Reception.
Critical response.
Director Prabhu Srinivas has remained faithful to the Tamil original.
This is a film for those who are in love.
Go for it and enjoy".
Mukhyamantri Chandru has made one of his rare appearances in films of late.
'Parijatha' is an enjoyable comedy film, thanks to chemistry of the lead pair Diggy and Andy".
Amurca is the bitter-tasting, dark-colored, watery sediment that settles out of unfiltered olive oil over time.
It is also known as "olive oil lees" in English.
Historically, amurca was used for numerous purposes, as first described by Cato the Elder in De Agri Cultura, and later by Pliny the Elder.
This list is of the Natural Monuments of Japan within the Prefecture of Saga.
National Natural Monuments.
Prefectural Natural Monuments.
As of 1 May 2020, sixteen Natural Monuments have been designated at a prefectural level.
Municipal Natural Monuments.
"Childrens Hospital", a situation comedy television and web series created by Rob Corddry, which premiered its first season online on TheWB.com on December 8, 2008.
On July 11, 2010, Adult Swim began airing the web episodes in groups of two.
Season two began on Adult Swim on August 22, 2010.
Season three began on June 2, 2011.
Season four began on August 10, 2012.
Season five began on July 26, 2013, season six on March 21, 2015 and the seventh and final season on January 22, 2016.
As of April 15, 2016, 10 webisodes and 86 television episodes of "Childrens Hospital" have aired.
Series overview.
Web series (2008).
All ten episodes of the web series debuted on December 8, 2008.
The credited cast consisted of Lake Bell, Rob Corddry, Erinn Hayes, Rob Huebel, Ken Marino, and Megan Mullally.
Season 1 (2010).
The ten web episodes were doubled-up and reformatted as 11 minute TV episodes, which began airing on July 11, 2010.
Each TV episode features a parody commercial in between the two webisodes, as well as a message from Corddry at the end.
The credited cast consisted of Lake Bell, Rob Corddry, Erinn Hayes, Rob Huebel, Ken Marino, and Megan Mullally.
Season 2 (2010).
The second season consists of twelve 11 minute episodes.
It debuted on August 22, 2010.
Season 6 (2015).
He then studied law at the Universities of Bern, Munich, and Heidelberg.
After receiving his doctorate, he passed his bar exam of the canton of Aargau and was a law clerk at the District Court of Baden in 1900, as well as an editor of the Aargauer Tagblatt.
From 1912 to 1914, he served as secretary of the second Expert Committee on the Criminal Code.
In 1914 he joined the Department of Justice and Police, which he headed from 1918.
In 1919 he was elected Federal Vice-Chancellor.
Since the Catholic Conservative People's Party had a second Federal Council seat since 1919, they renounced this in a counter-bid.
In March 1934, he was forced to resign for health reasons.
The Messinian salinity crisis (also referred to as the Messinian event, and in its latest stage as the Lago Mare event) was a geological event during which the Mediterranean Sea went into a cycle of partial or nearly complete desiccation (drying-up) throughout the latter part of the Messinian age of the Miocene epoch, from 5.96 to 5.33 Ma (million years ago).
It ended with the Zanclean flood, when the Atlantic reclaimed the basin.
Sediment samples from below the deep seafloor of the Mediterranean Sea, which include evaporite minerals, soils, and fossil plants, show that the precursor of the Strait of Gibraltar closed about 5.96 million years ago, sealing the Mediterranean off from the Atlantic.
This resulted in a period of partial desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea, the first of several such periods during the late Miocene.
After the strait closed for the last time around 5.6 Ma, the region's generally dry climate at the time dried the Mediterranean basin out nearly completely within a thousand years.
This massive desiccation left a deep dry basin, reaching deep below normal sea level, with a few hypersaline pockets similar to today's Dead Sea.
Then, around 5.5 Ma, less dry climatic conditions resulted in the basin receiving more freshwater from rivers, progressively filling and diluting the hypersaline lakes into larger pockets of brackish water (much like today's Caspian Sea).
The Messinian salinity crisis ended with the Strait of Gibraltar finally reopening 5.33 Ma, when the Atlantic rapidly filled up the Mediterranean basin in what is known as the Zanclean flood.
Even today, the Mediterranean is considerably saltier than the North Atlantic, owing to its near isolation by the Strait of Gibraltar and its high rate of evaporation.
If the Strait of Gibraltar closes again (which is likely to happen in the near future in geological time), the Mediterranean would mostly evaporate in about a thousand years, after which continued northward movement of Africa may obliterate the Mediterranean altogether.
Naming and first evidence.
In 1867, he named the period the Messinian after the city of Messina in Sicily, Italy.
Since then, several other salt-rich and gypsum-rich evaporite layers throughout the Mediterranean region have been dated to the same period.
Further evidence and confirmation.
Seismic surveying of the Mediterranean basin in 1961 revealed a geological feature some below the seafloor.
This feature, dubbed the "M reflector", closely followed the contours of the present seafloor, suggesting that it was laid down evenly and consistently at some point in the past.
The origin of this layer was largely interpreted as related to salt deposition.
However, different interpretations were proposed for the age of salt and its deposition.
Earlier suggestions from Denizot in 1952 and Ruggieri in 1967 proposed that this layer was of Late Miocene age, and the same Ruggieri coined the term "Messinian Salinity Crisis".
New and high-quality seismic data on the M-reflector were acquired in the Mediterranean Basin in 1970.
At the same time, the salt was cored during Leg 13 of the Deep Sea Drilling Program conducted from the "Glomar Challenger" under the supervision of co-chief scientists William B.F. Ryan and Kenneth J. Hsu.
These deposits were dated and interpreted for the first time as deep-basin products of the Messinian salinity crisis.
One drill core contained a wind-blown cross-bedded deposit of deep-sea foraminiferal ooze that had dried into dust and been blown about on the hot dry abyssal plain by sandstorms, mixed with quartz sand blown in from nearby continents, and ended up in a brine lake interbedded between two layers of halite.
These layers alternated with layers containing marine fossils, indicating a succession of drying and flooding periods.
The massive presence of salt does not require a desiccation of the sea.
The main evidence for the evaporative drawdown of the Mediterranean comes from the remains of many (now submerged) canyons that were cut into the sides of the dry Mediterranean basin by rivers flowing down to the abyssal plain.
For example, the Nile cut its bed down to 200 metres (660 feet) below sea level at Aswan (where Ivan S. Chumakov found marine Pliocene Foraminifera in 1967), and below sea level just north of Cairo.
In many places in the Mediterranean, fossilized cracks have been found where muddy sediment had dried and cracked in the sunlight and drought.
In the Western Mediterranean series, the presence of pelagic oozes interbedded within the evaporites suggests that the area was repeatedly flooded and desiccated over 700,000 years.
Chronology.
This episode comprises the second part of what is called the "Messinian" age of the Miocene epoch.
This age was characterised by several stages of tectonic activity and sea level fluctuations, as well as erosional and depositional events, all more or less interrelated (van Dijk et al., 1998).
The Mediterranean-Atlantic strait closed tight time and time again, and the Mediterranean Sea, for the first time and then repeatedly, partially desiccated.
The basin was finally isolated from the Atlantic Ocean for a longer period, between 5.59 and 5.33 million years ago, resulting in a large or smaller (depending on the scientific model applied) lowering of the Mediterranean sea level.
The basin has not desiccated since.
Several cycles.
This suggests either a succession of desiccations or a long period of hypersalinity during which incoming water from the Atlantic Ocean was evaporated with the level of the Mediterranean brine being similar to that of the Atlantic.
Each refilling was presumably caused by a seawater inlet opening, either tectonically, or by a river flowing eastwards below sea level into the "Mediterranean Sink" cutting its valley head back west until it let the sea in, similarly to a river capture.
This could explain the large amount of salt deposited.
Recent studies, however, show that the repeated desiccation and flooding is unlikely from a geodynamic point of view.
Some major questions remain concerning the beginning of the crisis in the central Mediterranean Basin.
The geometric physical link between the evaporitic series identified in marginal basins accessible for field studies, such as the Tabernas Desert and Sorbas Basin, and the evaporitic series of the central basins has never been made.
Using the concept of deposition in both shallow and deep basins during the Messinian (i.e.
Another school suggests that desiccation was synchronous, but occurred mainly in shallower basins.
This model would suggest that the sea level of the whole Mediterranean basin fell at once, but only shallower basins dried out enough to deposit salt beds.
See image b. (1998) the history of desiccation and erosion was complexly interacting with tectonic uplift and subsidence events, and erosional episodes.
They also questioned again like some previous authors had done, whether the basins now observed as "deep" were actually also deep during the Messinian Episode and gave different names to the end-member scenarios described above.
Distinguishing between these hypotheses requires the calibration of gypsum deposits.
Gypsum is the first salt (calcium sulphate) to be deposited from a desiccating basin.
Magnetostratigraphy offers a broad constraint on timing, but no fine detail.
Therefore, cyclostratigraphy is relied upon to compare the dates of sediments.
The typical case study compares the gypsum evaporites in the main Mediterranean basin with those of the Sorbas basin, a smaller basin on the flanks of the Mediterranean Sea that is now exposed in southern Spain.
The relationship between these two basins is assumed to represent the relationships of the wider region.
Recent work has relied on cyclostratigraphy to correlate the underlying marl beds, which appear to have given way to gypsum at exactly the same time in both basins.
In order to refute it, it is necessary to propose an alternative mechanism for generating these cyclic bands, or for erosion to have coincidentally removed just the right amount of sediment everywhere before the gypsum was deposited.
The proponents claim that the gypsum was deposited directly above the correlated marl layers, and slumped into them, giving the appearance of an unconformable contact.
Assuming that this major drawdown corresponds to the major Messinian drawdown, they concluded that the Mediterranean bathymetry significantly decreased before the precipitation of central basins evaporites.
Regarding these works, a deep water formation seems unlikely.
The assumption that central basin evaporites partly deposited under a high bathymetry and before the major phase of erosion should imply the observation of a major detritic event above evaporites in the basin.
Such a depositional geometry has not been observed on data.
This theory corresponds to one of the end-member scenarios discussed by van Dijk et al.
Causes.
Several possible causes of the series of Messinian crises have been considered.
While there is disagreement on all fronts, the most general consensus seems to agree that climate had a role in forcing the periodic filling and emptying of the basins, and that tectonic factors must have played a part in controlling the height of the sills restricting flow between the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
The magnitude and extent of these effects, however, is widely open to interpretation (see, e.g., van Dijk et al.
(1998).
In any case, the causes of the closing and isolation of the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean must be found in the area where the Strait of Gibraltar is now.
One of the tectonic boundaries between the African Plate and the European Plate and its southern fragments such as the Iberian Plate is there.
This boundary zone is characterised by an arc-shaped tectonic feature, the Gibraltar Arc, which includes southern Spain and northern Africa.
As faulting accommodated the regional compression caused by Africa's convergence with Eurasia, the geography of the region may have altered enough to open and close seaways.
However, the precise tectonic activity behind the motion can be interpreted in a number of ways.
Changes in climate must almost certainly be invoked to explain the periodic nature of the events.
They occur during cool periods of Milankovic cycles, when less solar energy reached the northern hemisphere.
This led to less evaporation of the North Atlantic, hence less rainfall over the Mediterranean.
This would have starved the basin of water supply from rivers and allowed its desiccation.
Glacioeustatic sea level falls with an amplitude of around 10 metres that began approximately 6.14 Ma were likely responsible for modulating the connection between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.
One particularly major glacioeustatic fluctuation, a sea level drop of about 30 metres, occurred around 5.26 Ma, around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary.
Relationship to climate.
The climate of the abyssal plain during the drought is unknown.
There is no situation on Earth directly comparable to the dry Mediterranean, and thus it is not possible to know its climate by direct observation of comparable geographic settings.
Simulation using a general circulation model can indicate physically consistent responses to the desiccation.
The extent of desiccation is very hard to judge, owing to the reflective seismic nature of the salt beds, and the difficulty in drilling cores, making it difficult to map their thickness.
Atmospheric forces can be studied to arrive at a speculation on the climate.
As winds blew across the "Mediterranean Sink", they would heat or cool adiabatically with altitude.
In the empty Mediterranean Basin, the summertime temperatures would probably have been extremely high.
As a first approximation, using the dry adiabatic lapse rate of around per kilometer, the maximum possible temperature of an area below sea level would be about warmer than it would be at sea level.
Under this extreme assumption, maxima would be near at the lowest points of the dry abyssal plain, permitting no permanent life but extremophiles.
Further, the altitude below sea level would result in 1.45 to 1.71 atm (1102 to 1300 mmHg) air pressure, further increasing heat stress.
However, these simple estimates are likely far too extreme.
Murphy et al. 's 2009 general circulation model experiments showed that for completely desiccated conditions, the Mediterranean basin would warm by up to in summer and in winter, while for a depressed water surface, temperatures would warm by only about in summer and in winter.
In addition, the model results indicated global stationary wave response to the introduction of the topographic depression causes patters of warming and cooling by up to around the Northern Hemisphere.
Today the evaporation from the Mediterranean Sea supplies moisture that falls in frontal storms, but without such moisture, the Mediterranean climate that we associate with Italy, Greece, and the Levant would be limited to the Iberian Peninsula and the western Maghreb.
Climates throughout the central and eastern basin of the Mediterranean and surrounding regions to the north and east would have been drier even above modern sea level.
The eastern Alps, the Balkans, and the Hungarian plain would also be much drier than they are today, even if the westerlies prevailed as they do now.
However, the Paratethys ocean provided water to the area north of the Mediterranean basin.
The Wallachian-Pontic and Hungarian basins were underwater during the Miocene, modifying the climate of what is now the Balkans and other areas north of the Mediterranean basin.
The Pannonian Sea was a source of water north of the Mediterranean basin until the middle Pleistocene before becoming the Hungarian plain.
Debate exists whether the waters of the Wallachian-Pontic basin (and the possibly connected Pannonian Sea) would have had access (thus bringing water) to at least the eastern Mediterranean basin at times during the Miocene.
Effects.
Effects on biology.
The Messinian salinity crisis resulted in major extinctions of marine fish and other marine fauna native to the basin.
Due to the fusion of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, a faunal interchange between the two regions occurred.
The crisis also allowed the dispersal of terrestrial animals to remote landmasses such as the Balearic Islands, where some of the animals, such as the goat-antelope "Myotragus", would continue to be isolated until the Holocene, over 5 million years later.
Dehydrated geography.
The notion of a completely waterless Mediterranean Sea has some corollaries.
There is an opinion that during the Messinian, the Red Sea was connected at Suez to the Mediterranean, but was not connected with the Indian Ocean, and dried out along with the Mediterranean.
Replenishment.
When the Strait of Gibraltar was ultimately breached, the Atlantic Ocean would have poured a vast volume of water through what would have presumably been a relatively narrow channel.
This refill has been envisaged as resulting in a large waterfall higher than today's Angel Falls at , and far more powerful than either the Iguazu Falls or the Niagara Falls, but recent studies of the underground structures at the Gibraltar Strait show that the flooding channel descended in a rather gradual way to the dry Mediterranean.
An enormous deposit of unsorted debris washed in by a massive catastrophic flood-wash has been found in the seabed southeast of the south corner of Sicily.
He was the only member of the Protestant Labor Party to hold a seat in the Queensland Parliament.
Biography.
He was educated at Glebe Public School, Sydney and after leaving school he enlisted with the Royal Australian Navy and was stationed at the Haslar Naval Hospital in Portsmouth, England, and from 1915-1918 was on HMAS Australia as a sick-berth attendant.
He left the navy in 1923 was in show business from 1928 to 1938.
By the time he was discharged in 1944 Morris was based at HMAS Moreton.
From 1948 to 1964 he was the secretary of the Queensland Taxi Cab Owner-Drivers' Association.
Morris captained the first Victorian Rugby Union team to play South Africa and was a welterweight boxing champion.
He was a member of the ANZAC club, and of the Ashgrove Returned Sailors, Soldiers and Airmen's Imperial League of Australia (RSSAILA).
He captained the Queensland Diggers XI in 1937 and was a life member of the Newmarket Bowling Club.
On 16 July 1915 Morris married Gladys Winifred Clark (died 1971) in England and they had two sons and one daughter.
He died May 1967 at Greenslopes and was cremated at the Albany Creek Crematorium.
Public career.
Morris was a member of the Protestant Labor Party, a party formed in the 1920s to counter the perceived Roman Catholic dominance of the Labor.
At the Queensland state election of 1938, he contested the seat of Kelvin Grove and defeated the sitting member, Frank Waters.
When World War II broke out, he received a leave of absence from parliament to rejoin the Navy.
By the time the Queensland state election of 1941 came around, Morris was an independent with the Protestant Labor Party all but wound up.
Arseny Borrero (born October 29, 1979 in Havana) is a Cuban sport shooter.
He earned a silver medal in the men's free pistol at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and was selected to compete for the Cuban squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics, finishing fortieth in the process.
Despite losing to gold to U.S. shooter Daryl Szarenski, who achieved the slot earlier from the 2002 World Championships, Borrero grabbed one of the available Olympic slots to compete for the Cuban team.
Family.
He married Jeanne Davis McKay at Sandringham, Victoria on 6 March 1937.
Football.
Sandringham (VFA).
Recruited from the Black Rock Football Club in the Metropolitan Amateur Football Association (MAFA), he was a member of the team that played against Brighton Football Club in the Sandringham Football Club's first match in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) competition on 20 April 1929.
Twice injured, he played in 20 of the team's 22 matches in that first season.
Fitzroy (VFL).
Cleared from Sandringham to Fitzroy in May 1930, his single senior game for the Fitzroy Football Club was against Carlton, at the Brunswick Street Oval, on 26 July 1930.
Sandringham (VFA).
Cleared from Fitzroy in April 1931, he returned to Sandringham, and went on to play another 21 senior matches over four seasons (1931-1934).
Black Rock (VAFA).
In 1935 he was cleared from Sandringham to the Black Rock Football Club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA).
Loss of right arm.
On 27 November 1948, Fricker was involved in an accident when the car he was driving collided with a truck on the Calder Highway near Woodend, Victoria.
Death.
Skuseomyia is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae.
MaryEllen Elia (born 1948) is an American educator.
She served for ten years as superintendent of Hillsborough County Public Schools in Tampa, Florida, but was fired by the school board, after a number of incidents that eroded the board's trust in her.
Elia later served as New York State Education Commissioner.
In that role, she gained recognition for easing tensions surrounding implementation of the Common Core State Standards Initiative and the question of how to evaluate teachers.
She provoked controversy over the removal of school aid from struggling schools, the delayed removal of an outspoken Buffalo School Board member, and a directive requiring private schools to come into compliance with state standards.
She resigned as education commissioner on August 31, 2019.
Early life.
MaryEllen Elia was born and raised in Western New York.
She attended high school in Lewiston and attended Daemen College in Buffalo, from where she obtained her Bachelor of Arts.
She received her Master of Education and Master of Professional Studies in reading from the University at Buffalo.
Career.
Elia started her career in education in 1970 as a social studies teacher in Buffalo's Sweet Home Central School District, a position she held for 19 years.
Hillsborough County Public Schools.
After moving to Tampa, Florida, Elia was hired in 1986 as a reading resource teacher at Henry B.
Plant High School.
In 2005, Elia was appointed superintendent of Tampa's Hillsborough County Public Schools, the eighth largest in the United States.
Elia supported school choice and the Gates-funded Common Core State Standards Initiative, even though Florida would eventually pull out of the program.
In December 2014, Elia was named state Superintendent of the Year for 2015.
One of the board members, Cindy Stuart, stated that there existed a "broken relationship between board members and the superintendent that was beyond repair."
The board would only find out about the tragedy ten months later because of a lawsuit filed by the girl's parents.
New York State Education Commissioner.
Elia's arrival in New York came at a time when the education scene had been characterized by low test scores, well-funded special-interest groups, angry parents and a New York State Legislature that had become more active on education policy, it having been in conflict with Governor Andrew Cuomo on these issues.
Elia's tenure coincided with the looming uncertainty of full implementation of the Common Core State Standards Initiative in the state's classrooms, the use of standardized testing and the question of how to evaluate teachers.
Removal of school aid.
In pulling the schools off the list, Elia asserted that she was just following the law passed by the governor in 2015, which identified 144 troubled schools to receive extra funding, though an administration official offered a different interpretation of the law that would have allowed the schools to remain on the list.
Cuomo administration spokeswoman Dani Lever said, "It can only be explained as shilling for the educational bureaucracy and special interests at the expense of children.
Delayed removal of Carl Paladino from school board.
On December 23, 2016, Carl Paladino, a member of the Buffalo School Board, took part in an interview with alternative weekly newspaper "Artvoice".
I'd like her to return to being a male and let loose in the outback of Zimbabwe where she lives comfortably in a cave with Maxie, the gorilla."
The statements sparked backlash and outrage.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo released a statement calling Paladino's remarks "racist, ugly, reprehensible remarks," while Buffalo School Board president Barbara Nevergold called for Paladino to be ousted from his position, arguing that if a student had made Paladino's comments on social media, they would have been suspended.
Erie County Executive Mark Poloncarz called for Paladino to resign and Trump's transition team called his comments "absolutely reprehensible".
On December 23, Paladino was contacted by "The Buffalo News", who inquired whether he really made the comments.
Paladino replied "of course I did" and told the editors to "go fuck themselves" for making the inquiry.
Paladino later posted a "defiant" apology on Facebook.
On December 28, the school board demanded Paladino's ouster in a December 2016 resolution signed by six members of the nine-member board.
The resolution called upon Elia as State Education Commissioner to remove Paladino if he refused to resign.
Two petitions also sought, as an interim measure, the immediate suspension of Paladino's functions as a board member.
Several of the petitions argue for Paladino's removal on the basis of his public sharing of information discussed in executive session related to negotiations for a new contract with Buffalo teachers.
In February 2017, Elia declined to immediately suspend Paladino from the board, as the State Education Department continued to review the petitions seeking Paladino's permanent removal.
In April 2017, Paladino filed papers with the commissioner seeking a delay in the administrative hearings against him while he pursues a lawsuit claiming a conspiracy to remove him from the school board.
Demonstrators have continued to advocate for Paladino's removal.
After the public hearing, Elia announced Paladino's removal from the board on August 17, 2017, effective immediately, citing the violation of executive session rules.
Support of Holocaust high school assignment.
In what he deemed a "stab in the back to Holocaust survivors," state assemblyman Dov Hikind called for Elia's resignation on April 3, 2017, for her support of an Oswego High School assignment that asked students to put themselves in Adolf Hitler's shoes to argue for or against the Final Solution.
Elia had defended the assignment as one that fostered "critical thinking."
Oversight over private schools and resignation.
In 2018, a controversial budget amendment passed by state senator Simcha Felder watered down educational requirements for yeshivas operating in New York, even while current state law requires that a student in a non-public school should be "receiving instruction which is substantially equivalent to that provided in the public schools," with the local public school superintendent being the arbiter of what that equivalency entails.
Specifically, a curriculum that included 34 hours a week of English, mathematics, science and art instruction with "competent" teachers would now be required, which translates into 180 minutes per subject per week.
The schools would be checked for compliance by state regulators, and if found to be lacking, parents would have 30 to 45 days to put their kids in another school, or risk having them declared truants.
Satmar rebbe Aaron Teitelbaum urged private schools not to comply while speaking about the failures of the public school system and the successes of Yeshiva graduates.
Rockland County legislator Aron Wieder called it a war on the religious community.
A petition that drew over 50,000 signatures was sent to Elia to asking her to backtrack on the proposal.
Elya Brudny and Yisroel Reisman, two rosh yeshivas (deans) from Brooklyn, New York, complained about being rebuffed by Elia when they tried to negotiate with her about the measures.
Chaim Deutsch, a New York City councilman, suggested that the Jewish community would fight back against the "onerous" and "intrusive" new guidelines.
The leaders of New York's 500 Catholic schools said that they would boycott a proposed new review system.
Elia submitted her resignation letter to the New York Board of Regents on July 15, 2019, citing a move to an unnamed national company that provides services to students.
Personal life.
Cliftonhill Stadium, commonly known as Cliftonhill and currently 'The Reigart Stadium' for sponsorship purposes, is a football stadium in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland.
It is the home ground of Scottish Professional Football League team Albion Rovers F.C., who have played at the ground since 1919.
History.
Rovers moved from Meadow Park to Cliftonhill in 1919, with the new ground opening on 25 December.
The Main Stand sits high on a rise above Main Street and was built in the same season as their only Scottish Cup Final appearance.
A roof extension over the paddock (a standing area in front of the stand) was added in 1994.
Cliftonhill's record attendance was set on 8 February 1936 when 27,381 watched the visit of Rangers.
Floodlighting was installed at the ground in October 1968.
During the 1990s it looked likely that Albion Rovers would leave Cliftonhill to share a stadium with local rivals Airdrieonians.
However opposition from Rovers fans, the local population and others, saw that move fall through.
The club considered other options to sell the ground and build a new stadium elsewhere in the town, but these were not taken forward for a variety of reasons, including an unsympathetic local authority, and the club currently has no plans to leave Cliftonhill.
The original floodlighting system came from Cardiff Arms Park, when it was demolished to make way for the Millennium Stadium.
In 2006 the front entrance and main stand featured in a UK television advert for Flash.
Currently, it contains a club shop which opens one hour prior to home first team matches.
In 2007, Cliftonhill was subject to repeated vandalism.
Structure and facilities.
The Main Stand and paddock, and a terracing behind the goal of the 'Airdrie End' of the ground (the latter installed in 2015), are the only parts of the stadium normally available for spectators.
The sizeable, partly covered terrace on the opposite side of the main stand is currently closed to all fans.
The capacity of the stadium rose to 1,572 when the Airdrie End terracing was installed.
The dimensions of the pitch are .
Other uses.
In addition to football, Cliftonhill has in the past staged speedway, greyhound racing and stock car racing.
Speedway.
The stadium, which had been identified as a potential venue in the 1950s, became the home of Edinburgh Monarchs speedway team in 1968.
The renamed Coatbridge Monarchs raced in 1969 but closed when the track licence was sold to Wembley Lions.
The stadium hosted Glasgow Tigers from 1973 to mid season 1977 when the promotion moved to Blantyre Greyhound Stadium.
The move prompted by a desire to replace the speedway track with a greyhound track.
The original speedway track was unusual as the bends were laid out on the terracing at either end giving the track extremely banked bends.
Greyhound racing.
Cliftonhill was first used for greyhound racing on 11 December 1931.
The racing was independent (unlicensed) and a greyhound called Song of Love was the first ever winner over 380 yards.
The track closed in the mid-fifties before opening again twenty years later during September 1977.
The new circumference was 400 metres and race distances were 300, 500 and 700 yards, the main race was the Coatbridge Derby.
The 2009 American science fiction film "Avatar" has provoked vigorous discussion of a wide variety of cultural, social, political, and religious themes identified by critics and commentators, and the film's writer and director James Cameron has responded that he hoped to create an emotional reaction and to provoke public conversation about these topics.
The broad range of "Avatar"s intentional or perceived themes has prompted some reviewers to call it "an all-purpose allegory" and "the season's ideological Rorschach blot".
Discussion has centered on such themes as the conflict between modern human and nature, and the film's treatment of imperialism, racism, militarism and patriotism, corporate greed, property rights, spirituality and religion.
Commentators have debated whether the film's treatment of the human aggression against the native Na'vi is a message of support for indigenous peoples today, or is, instead, a tired retelling of the racist myth of the noble savage.
Right-wing critics accused Cameron of pushing an anti-American message in the film's depiction of a private military contractor that used ex-Marines to attack the natives, while Cameron and others argued that it is pro-American to question the propriety of the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The visual similarity between the destruction of the World Trade Center and the felling of Home Tree in the film caused some filmgoers to further identify with the Na'vi and to identify the human military contractors as terrorists.
Critics asked whether this comparison was intended to encourage audiences to empathize with the position of Muslims under military occupation today.
Much discussion has concerned the film's treatment of environmental protection and the parallels to, for example, the destruction of rainforests, mountaintop removal for mining and evictions from homes for development.
The title of the film and various visual and story elements provoked discussion of the film's use of Hindu iconography, which Cameron confirmed had inspired him.
Some Christians, including the Vatican, worried that the film promotes pantheism over Christian beliefs, while others instead thought that it sympathetically explores biblical concepts.
Other critics either praised the film's spiritual elements or found them hackneyed.
Political themes.
Imperialism.
"Avatar" describes the conflict by an indigenous people, the Na'vi of Pandora, against the oppression of alien humans.
Director James Cameron acknowledged that the film is "certainly about imperialism in the sense that the way human history has always worked is that people with more military or technological might tend to supplant or destroy people who are weaker, usually for their resources."
Critics agreed that the film is "a clear message about dominant, aggressive cultures subjugating a native population in a quest for resources or riches."
George Monbiot, writing in "The Guardian", asserted that conservative criticism of "Avatar" is a reaction to what he called the film's "chilling metaphor" for the European "genocides in the Americas", which "massively enriched" Europe.
Cameron told "National Public Radio" that references to the colonial period are in the film "by design".
Adam Cohen of "The New York Times" stated that the film is "firmly in the anti-imperialist canon, a 22nd-century version of the American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs. United Fruit."
David Brooks, in "The New York Times", criticized what he saw as the "White Messiah complex" in the film, whereby the Na'vi "can either have their history shaped by cruel imperialists or benevolent ones, but either way, they are going to be supporting actors in our journey to self-admiration."
Many commentators saw the film as a message of support for the struggles of native peoples today.
Evo Morales, the first indigenous president of Bolivia, praised "Avatar" for its "profound show of resistance to capitalism and the struggle for the defense of nature".
Palestinian activists painted themselves blue and dressed like the Na'vi during their weekly protest in the village of Bilin against Israel's separation barrier.
Other Arab writers, however, noted that "for Palestinians, "Avatar" is rather a reaffirmation and confirmation of the claims about their incapability to lead themselves and build their own future."
Si Sheppard on the other hand praised the film for drawing parallels between the corporate imperialism of the fictional RDA and its historical equivalents of the pre-industrial era (specifically the East India Company, which maintained its own private army in order to impose profit-driven territorial sovereignty on the Indian subcontinent).
Militarism.
There are boots on the ground, troops who I personally believe were sent there under false pretenses, so I hope this will be part of opening our eyes."
He confirmed that "the Iraq stuff and the Vietnam stuff is there by design", adding that he did not think that the film was anti-military.
Critic Charles Marowitz in "Swans" magazine remarked, however, that the realism of the suggested parallel with wars in Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan "doesn't quite jell" because the natives are "peace-loving and empathetic".
Cameron said that Americans have a "moral responsibility" to understand the impact of their country's recent military conflicts.
We don't know what it feels like for them to land on our home soil, not in America."
A columnist in the Russian newspaper "Vedomosti" traced "Avatar"'s popularity to its giving the audience a chance to make a moral choice between good and evil and, by emotionally siding with Jake's treason, to relieve "us the scoundrels" of our collective guilt for the cruel and unjust world that we have created.
Armond White of "New York Press" dismissed the film as "essentially a sentimental cartoon with a pacifist, naturalist message" that uses villainous Americans to misrepresent the facts of the military, capitalism, and imperialism.
Answering critiques of the film as insulting to the U.S. military, a piece in the "Los Angeles Times" asserted that "if any U.S. forces that ever existed were being insulted, it was the ones who fought under George Armstrong Custer, not David Petraeus or Stanley McChrystal."
Ann Marlowe of "Forbes" saw the film as both pro- and anti-military, "a metaphor for the networked military".
Anti-Americanism.
Many reviewers perceived an anti-American message in the film, equating RDA's private security force to the U.S. military. human thing".
Russell D. Moore in "The Christian Post" stated that, "If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud the defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special effects" and criticized Cameron for what he saw as an unnuanced depiction of the American military as "pure evil".
John Podhoretz of "The Weekly Standard" argued that "Avatar" revealed "hatred of the military and American institutions and the notion that to be human is just way uncool."
Charles Mudede of "The Stranger" commented that with the release of the film "the American culture industry exports an anti-American spectacle to an anti-American world."
Debbie Schlussel likewise dismissed "Avatar" as "cinema for the hate America crowd".
Cameron argued that "the film is definitely not anti-American" and that "part of being an American is having the freedom to have dissenting ideas."
Eric Ditzian of MTV concurred that "it'd take a great leap of logic to tag 'Avatar' as anti-American or anti-capitalist."
Ann Marlowe called the film "the most neo-con movie ever made" for its "deeply conservative, pro-American message".
But Cameron admitted to some ambiguity on the issue, agreeing that "the bad guys could be America in this movie, or the good guys could be America in this movie, depending on your perspective", and stated that "Avatar"s defeat at the Academy Awards might have been due to the perceived anti-U.S. theme in it.
Cameron said that he was "surprised at how much it did look like September 11", but added that he did not think that it was necessarily a bad thing.
Social and cultural themes.
Civilization and race.
We, along with the "Avatar" hero, are now faced with an uncomfortable yet irresistible choice between the two races and the two worldviews."
Osipov wrote that it was inevitable that the audience, like the film's hero, Jake, would find that the Na'vi's culture was really the more civilized of the two, exemplifying "the qualities of kindness, gratitude, regard for the elder, self-sacrifice, respect for all life and ultimately humble dependence on a higher intelligence behind nature."
Cameron confirmed that "the Na'vi represent the better aspects of human nature, and the human characters in the film demonstrate the more venal aspects of human nature."
Conversely, David Brooks of "The New York Times" opined that "Avatar" creates "a sort of two-edged cultural imperialism", an offensive cultural stereotype that white people are rationalist and technocratic while colonial victims are spiritual and athletic and that illiteracy is the path to grace.
A review in the "Irish Independent" found the film to contrast a "mix of New Age environmentalism and the myth of the Noble Savage" with the corruption of the "civilized" white man.
Reihan Salam, writing in "Forbes", viewed it as ironic that "Cameron has made a dazzling, gorgeous indictment of the kind of society that produces James Camerons."
Many critics saw racist undertones in the film's treatment of the indigenous Na'vi, seeing it as "a fantasy about race told from the point of view of white people", which reinforces "the White Messiah fable", in which the white hero saves helpless primitive natives, who are thus reduced to servicing his ambitions and proving his heroism.
Other reviews called "Avatar" an offensive assumption that nonwhites need the White Messiah to lead their crusades, and "a self-loathing racist screed" due to the fact that all the "human" roles in the film are played by white actors and all the Na'vi characters by African-American or Native American actors.
Another author remarked that while the white man will fix the destruction, he will never feel guilty, even though he is directly responsible for the destruction."
Likewise, Josef Joffe, publisher-editor of "Die Zeit" in Germany, said the film perpetuates the myth of the "noble savage" and has "a condescending, yes, even racist message.
Cameron bows to the noble savages.
However, he reduces them to dependents."
"The Irish Times" carried the comment that "despite all the thematic elements from Hinduism, one thing truly original is the good old American ego.
So we are not talking about a racial group within an existing population fighting for their rights."
Cameron rejected claims that the film is racist, asserting that "Avatar" is about respecting others' differences.
Adam Cohen of "The New York Times" felt similarly, writing that the Na'vi greeting "I see you" contrasts with the oppression of, and even genocide against, those who we fail to accept for what they are, citing Jewish ghettos and the Soviet gulags as examples.
Environment and property.
"Avatar" has been called "without a doubt the most epic piece of environmental advocacy ever captured on celluloid...
Cameron has spoken extensively with the media about the film's environmental message, saying that he envisioned "Avatar" as a broader metaphor of how we treat the natural world.
He said that he created Pandora as "a fictionalised fantasy version of what our world was like, before we started to pave it and build malls, and shopping centers.
So it's really an evocation of the world we used to have."
He told Charlie Rose that "we are going to go through a lot of pain and heartache if we don't acknowledge our stewardship responsibilities to nature."
It's just human nature that if we can take it, we will.
A sense of entitlement.
And we can't just go on in this unsustainable way, just taking what we want and not giving back."
Commentators connected the film's story to the endangerment of biodiversity in the Amazon rainforests of Brazil.
A "Newsweek" piece commented on the destruction of Home Tree as resembling the rampant tree-felling in Tibet, while another article compared the film's depiction of destructive corporate mining for unobtainium in the Na'vi lands with the mining and milling of uranium near the Navajo reservation in New Mexico.
Other critics, however, dismissed "Avatar"'s pro-environmental stance as inconsistent.
Cameron fashionably denounces the same economic and military system that make his technological extravaganza possible.
Similarly, an article in "National Review" concluded that by resorting to technology for educating viewers of the technology endangered world of Pandora, the film "showcases the contradictions of organic liberalism."
Stating that such a conservative criticism of his film's "strong environmental anti-war themes" was not unexpected, Cameron stressed that he was "interested in saving the world that my children are going to inhabit", encouraged everyone to be a "tree hugger", and urged that we "make a fairly rapid transition to alternate energy."
The film and Cameron's environmental activism caught the attention of the 8,000-strong Dangaria Kandha tribe from Odisha, eastern India.
Cameron was awarded the inaugural Temecula Environment Award for Outstanding Social Responsibility in Media by three environmentalist groups for portrayal of environmental struggles that they compared with their own.
The destruction of the Na'vi habitat to make way for mining operations has also evoked parallels with the oppressive policies of some states often involving forcible evictions related to development.
David Boaz of the libertarian Cato Institute wrote in "Los Angeles Times" that the film's essential conflict is a battle over property rights, "the foundation of the free market and indeed of civilization."
Melinda Liu found this storyline reminiscent of the policies of the authorities in China, where 30 million citizens have been evicted in the course of a three-decade long development boom.
Others saw similar links to the displacement of tribes in the Amazon basin and the forcible demolition of private houses in a Moscow suburb.
Religion and spirituality.
David Quinn of the "Irish Independent" wrote that the spirituality depicted "goes some way towards explaining the film's gigantic popularity, and that is the fact that "Avatar" is essentially a religious film, even if Cameron might not have intended it as such."
At the same time, Jonah Goldberg of "National Review Online" objected to what he saw in the film reviews as "the norm to speak glowingly of spirituality but derisively of traditional religion."
James Cameron has said that he "tried to make a film that would touch people's spirituality across the broad spectrum."
He also stated that one of the film's philosophical underpinnings is that "the Na'vi represent that sort of aspirational part of ourselves that wants to be better, that wants to respect nature, while the humans in the film represent the more venal versions of ourselves, the banality of evil that comes with corporate decisions that are made out of remove of the consequences."
He is disabled, but Mr Cameron and technology can transport him into the body of a beautiful, athletic, sexual, being.
Pandora is a kind of heaven where we can be resurrected and connected instead of disconnected and alone."
Religions and mythology.
Reviewers suggested that the film draws upon many existing religious and mythological motifs.
He also noted that the film borrows concepts from other religions and compared its Tree of Souls with the Norse story of the tree Yggdrasil, also called axis mundi or the center of the world, whose destruction signals the collapse of the universe.
Malinda Liu in "Newsweek" likened the Na'vi respect for life and belief in reincarnation with Tibetan religious beliefs and practices, but Reihan Salam of "Forbes" called the species "perhaps the most sanctimonious humanoids ever portrayed on film."
Others suggested that the world of Pandora mirrored the Garden of Eden, and reminded that in Hebrew Na'vi is the singular of "Nevi'im" which means "Prophets".
A writer for "Religion Dispatches" countered that "Avatar" "begs, borrows, and steals from a variety of longstanding human stories, puts them through the grinder, and comes up with something new."
Another commentator called "Avatar" "a new version of the Garden of Eden syndrome" pointing to what she viewed as phonetic and conceptual similarities of the film's terminology with that of the Book of Genesis.
Parallels with Hinduism.
"The Times of India" suggested "Avatar" was a treatise on Indianism "for Indophiles and Indian philosophy enthusiasts", starting from the very word "Avatar" itself.
He continued, "I didn't want to reference the Hindu religion so closely, but the subconscious association was interesting, and I hope I haven't offended anyone in doing so."
He has stated that he was familiar with a lot of beliefs of the Hindu religion and found it "quite fascinating".
Answering a question from "Time" magazine in 2007, "What is an "Avatar" anyway?"
James Cameron replied, "It's an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form.
In this film what that means is that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."
But the idea was that they take flesh in another body."
Following the film's release, reviewers focused on Cameron's choice of the religious Sanskrit term for the film's title.
A reviewer in the "Irish Times" traced the term to the ten incarnations of Vishnu.
So much for a descending 'avatar', Jake becomes a refugee among the aborigines."
Vern Barnet in "Charlotte Observer" likewise thought that the title insults traditional Hindu usage of the term since it is a human, not a god, who descends in the film.
However, Rishi Bhutada, Houston coordinator of the Hindu American Foundation, stated that while there are certain sacred terms that would offend Hindus if used improperly, 'avatar' is not one of them.
Explaining the choice of the color blue for the Na'vi, Cameron said "I just like blue.
Commentators agreed that the blue skin of the Na'vi, described in a "New Yorker" article as "Vishnu-blue", "instantly and metaphorically" relates the film's protagonist to such avatars of Vishnu as Rama and Krishna.
An article in the "San Francisco Examiner" described an 18th-century Indian painting of Vishnu and his consort Laksmi riding the great mythical bird Garuda as ""Avatar" prequel" due to its resemblance with the film's scene in which the hero's blue-skinned avatar flies a gigantic raptor.
Asra Q. Nomani of "The Daily Beast" likened the hero and his Na'vi mate Neytiri to images of Shiva and Durga.
Maxim Osipov observed that the film's philosophical message was consistent overall with the "Bhagavad Gita", a key scripture of Hinduism, in defining what constitutes real culture and civilization.
Another linked the Na'vi earth goddess Eywa to the concept of Brahman as the ground of being described in Vedanta and Upanishads and likened the Na'vi ability to connect to Eywa with the realization of Atman.
One commentator noted the parallel between the Na'vi greeting "I see you" and the ancient Hindu greeting "Namaste", which signifies perceiving and adoring the divinity within others.
Writing for the Ukrainian "Day" newspaper, Maxim Chaikovsky drew detailed analogies between "Avatar"'s plot and elements of the ancient Bhagavata Purana narrative of Krishna, including the heroine Radha, the Vraja tribe and their habitat the Vrindavana forest, the hovering Govardhan mountain, and the mystical rock chintamani.
Pantheism vs. Christianity.
Some Christian writers worried that "Avatar" promotes pantheism and nature worship.
Likewise, "Vatican Radio" argued that the film "cleverly winks at all those pseudo-doctrines that turn ecology into the religion of the millennium.
Nature is no longer a creation to defend, but a divinity to worship."
According to Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi, these reviews reflect the Pope's views on neopaganism, or confusing nature and spirituality.
On the other hand, disagreeing with the Vatican's characterization of "Avatar" as pagan, a writer in the "National Catholic Reporter" urged Christian critics to see the film in the historical context of "Christianity's complicity in the conquest of the Americas" instead.
In "The Weekly Standard", John Podhoretz criticized the film's "mindless worship of a nature-loving tribe and the tribe's adorable pagan rituals."
Christian critic David Outten disputed that "the danger to moviegoers is that "Avatar" presents the Na'vi culture on Pandora as morally superior to life on Earth.
If you love the philosophy and culture of the Na'vi too much, you will be led into evil rather than away from it."
Cameron said, "'Avatar" asks us to see that everything is connected, all human beings to each other, and us to the Earth.'
This is a clear statement of religious belief.
This is pantheism.
It is not Christianity."
The deleted scene "The Dream Hunt", which is included in the DVD extras, shows elements that reminded Erik Davis and others of ayahuasca experiences.
Other Christian critics wrote that "Avatar" has "an abhorrent New Age, pagan, anti-capitalist worldview that promotes goddess worship and the destruction of the human race" and suggested that Christian viewers interpret the film as a reminder of Jesus Christ as "the True Avatar".
Some of them also suspected "Avatar" of subversive retelling of the biblical Exodus, by which Cameron "invites us to look at the Bible from the side of Canaanites."
Ann Marlowe of "Forbes" agreed, saying that "though "Avatar" has been charged with "pantheism", its mythos is just as deeply Christian."
No wonder many Americans are turned off."
Dr. Joseph Ssekandi is a Ugandan academic and academic administrator, who serves as the Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture at Uganda Martyrs University, a private university affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church in Uganda.
Background and education.
Joseph was born in Nkozi Village, Mpigi District, in the Buganda Region of Uganda in the 1970s.
He attended "Saint Mugagga Nkozi Primary School", before transferring to "Saint Balikudembe Secondary School" in Mpigi District, where he completed his O-Level and A-Level education.
Later, he was admitted to Uganda Martyrs University (UMU), graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Development Studies.
He followed that with a Postgraduate Diploma in Learning and Teaching also from UMU.
He holds a Master of Science degree in Environment and Development, from the University of Reading in Berkshire, United Kingdom.
His Doctor of Philosophy in Dry Land Resources Management, was awarded by the University of Nairobi, in 2017.
Career.
After completing his A-Level studies, Joseph's father, Matia Nyakamwe, ran out of tuition money to send his son to university.
Joseph took up a job as a security guard at UMU, working in that capacity for three years.
An employee of the university, Evelyn Ayot, noticed his demeanor and good English language and encouraged him to apply to UMU.
During the transitional first semester, he continued to work a security guard at night, while attending class during the day.
After his master's degree in the United Kingdom, he secured a job on a horse farm, in the UK.
However, when he came to visit relatives in Uganda, UMU offered him a job as the administrator of the UMU School of Diplomacy, so he stayed.
That was 2009.
After his PhD studies, Uganda Martyrs University appointed him as Dean of Faculty of Agriculture, where he still serves, as of October 2018.
Family.
Ilia Spanderashvili (born 10 September 1997) is a Georgian rugby union player.
His position is flanker, and he currently plays for Penza in the Russian Rugby Championship and the Georgia national team.
The Orco Valley () is a valley in the Piedmont region of northern Italy located in the Graian Alps, in the territory of the Metropolitan City of Turin.
The valley takes its name from the Orco river, which flows through the valley.
The valley connects Pont Canavese to the Nivolet Pass.
It is the site of a series of hydroelectric power plants, including that of the Lake of Ceresole.
The main municipalities in the Orco Valley are Locana, Noasca and Ceresole Reale.
Summits.
It was primarily organised due to the cancellation of many tournaments during the 2020 season, because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
The tournament attracted four top-20 players, including two-time grand slam champion and former world no.
1 Victoria Azarenka.
Singles main draw entrants.
Other entrants.
Other entrants.
It was Sabalenka's 7th WTA singles title, and second of the year.
This was the first WTA singles final in history to be completed between two Belarusian players.
Doubles.
This was Mertens' 10th WTA doubles title, and first of the year, and was Sabalenka's 4th WTA doubles title, and first of the year.
The location of the battle was Fort Frontenac, a French fort and trading post which is located at the site of present-day Kingston, Ontario, at the eastern end of Lake Ontario where it drains into the St. Lawrence River.
British Lieutenant Colonel John Bradstreet led an army of over 3,000 men, of whom about 150 were regulars and the remainder were provincial militia.
The army besieged the 110 people inside the fort and won their surrender two days later, cutting one of the two major communication and supply lines between the major eastern centres of Montreal and Quebec City and France's western territories (the northern route, along the Ottawa River, remained open throughout the war).
The British captured goods worth 800,000 livres from the trading post.
Background.
The British military campaigns for the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War in 1758 contained three primary objectives.
Two of these objectives, captures of Fort Louisbourg and Fort Duquesne met with success.
The third campaign, an expedition involving 16,000 men under the command of General James Abercrombie, was disastrously defeated on July 8, 1758, by a much smaller French force when it attempted the capture of Fort Carillon (known today as Fort Ticonderoga).
Following that failure, many of Abercrombie's underlings sought to distance themselves from any responsibility for the disaster.
Lieutenant Colonel John Bradstreet renewed an earlier proposal to capture Fort Frontenac, a French fort and trading post on the northern shore of Lake Ontario near where it empties into the St. Lawrence River.
Abercrombie, who had first rejected the idea, citing the need for troops to attack Carillon, approved Bradstreet's plan to move up the Mohawk River valley to the site of Fort Oswego (captured and burned by the French in 1756), and then cross the lake to assault Frontenac.
Although not as important as it once was, the fort was still a base from which the western outposts were supplied.
The British reasoned that if they were to disable the fort, supplies would be cut off and the outposts would no longer be able to defend themselves.
The Indian trade in the upper country (the "Pays d'en Haut") would also be disrupted.
Fort Frontenac was also regarded as a threat to Fort Oswego, which was built by the British across the lake from Fort Frontenac in 1722 to compete with Fort Frontenac for the Indian trade, and later enhanced as a military establishment.
General Montcalm had already used Fort Frontenac as a staging point to attack the fortifications at Oswego in August 1756.
The British also hoped that taking the well-known fort would boost troop morale and honour after their demoralizing battle defeat at Fort Ticonderoga (Fort Carillon) in July 1758.
Bradstreet assembled an army at Schenectady consisting of just 135 regular army troops and about 3,500 militia, drawn from the provinces of New York, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island.
By the time his army reached the ruins of Fort Oswego on August 21, Bradstreet had lost 600 men, primarily to desertion.
The trek met with minimal opposition from French and Indian raiding parties, but the route to Oswego, which had been virtually unused since 1756, was overgrown, and some of the waterways had silted up, causing heavily laden bateaux to ground in the shallow waters.
Fort Frontenac was an important trading center for Indian and French fur traders.
The trade through the site was so successful that some Indians preferred to trade with the French there rather than the British outpost at Albany, New York, which provided more ready access to inexpensive British goods.
The fortification, a crumbling limestone construction, was only minimally garrisoned, with about 100 French troops along with some militia and Indians under the command of Pierre-Jacques Payen de Noyan et de Chavoy, an elderly veteran of King George's War.
While the fort was normally garrisoned by a larger force, the limited means available for the defense of New France had forced French military leaders to reduce its size for the defense of other parts of Canada.
Noyan was alerted to the expedition's advance when Indian scouts took some prisoners, and authorities in Montreal organized reinforcements.
However, these forces would not arrive before the British.
Battle.
The night after landing, Bradstreet's men established gun batteries and began to dig trenches toward the old fort.
They also attempted, without success to board two of the French ships anchored before the fort.
On the morning of August 26, the British guns opened fire.
The French garrison returned fire with cannons and muskets, but made little impression on the British.
The two sides continued to exchange fire on the 27th, with the British establishing gun batteries northwest of the fort, about from the fort.
On the morning of the 28th, two French ships attempted to escape the harbor, but ran aground after persistent British fire against them.
Following a brief council of war, Noyan raised the white flag.
Aftermath.
With the capture of Frontenac, the British intercepted significant supplies destined for French forts in the Ohio Country.
More than 60 cannons (some of them British cannons the French had captured at Fort Oswego) were found, as were hundreds of barrels of provisions.
To the many provincials in Bradstreet's army, the biggest prizes were bales of furs destined for shipment downstream to Montreal.
In all, the value of the captured goods was estimated to be 800,000 French livres.
Since Bradstreet's orders were not to hold the fort but to destroy it, many of the provisions were burned before the army returned to Oswego, using some of the captured French ships to help carry the loot.
Bradstreet released the French prisoners after Noyan promised to gain the release of an equal number of British prisoners, and the French began to make their way back to Montreal.
They were met by the relief force from Montreal.
Fort Frontenac was again lightly garrisoned in 1759, but was no longer a site of importance in the war, which ended with the fall of Montreal in September 1760.
He did however force Noyan into retirement.
The film stars Clea DuVall, Timothy V Murphy, Toby Huss, Katie May Dunford and Nicole Sullivan.
"Heaven's Floor" had its world premiere at the 2016 Cinequest Film Festival on March 4, 2016.
Plot.
Julia, a Los Angeles photographer, joins an expedition to the Canadian Arctic.
She arrives ill-equipped and later finds herself stranded when she is rescued by an eleven year old Inuit girl, Malaya, and her uncle.
They take Julia to a small Inuit community where she becomes attached to Malaya.
Later in Los Angeles Julia learns of tragic events in the Arctic and returns to adopt Malaya.
Japewia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.
This 5-CD set contains all of their studio albums from 1964 to 1970.
The CDs are packaged in miniature recreations of the original LP jackets, and an annotated booklet is also included.
"The Columbia Studio Recordings" succeeded the box sets "Collected Works" (1981) and "Old Friends" (1997).
All five discs contain several bonus tracks of demos, alternate takes, single B-sides, unissued outtakes and non-album songs, some of which were previously issued on "Old Friends".
Track listing.
All songs written by Paul Simon, except where noted.
Vincent Geisser (born 15 January 1968) is a French sociologist and political scientist.
Principal themes of his work and extensive written output include political questions in the Arab world, the role of Islam in France and in Europe more generally, and problems involving discrimination in the French political parties.
Life.
Vincent Geisser holds a Diploma from the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies (1989), a doctorate in political science (1995), as well as degrees from the Aix-en-Provence Institute of Political Studies (1991 and 1995) and from the Tunis based International Academy of Constitutional Law (1991).
Between 1995 and 1999 he was sent by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the , an institution sponsored by the French government but based in Tunis.
Following this, he has become recognised as an expert on the political regime of President Ben Ali.
After June 2011 he was based at the French Middle-East Institute based in Beirut.
Since September 2015 he has been professionally reintegrated into the CNRS itself.
Geisser's public profile was raised in 2009 when he became involved in a dispute with Joseph Illand, a senior engineer at the CNRS.
The matter became acrimonious and was picked up by the media, promoted in at least one headline to the status of a Grand Affair ("l'Affaire Geisser").
Intellectuals launched a major media storm, with positions increasingly polarised.
Meanwhile, Geisser found himself called before a disciplinary council by the CRNS under circumstances which according to one side in the debate threatened his right to free speech.
Parallels were drawn with Nazi book burnings in the 1930s and the 1950s senate hearings associated with Joseph McCarthy.
Other channels on which he appears regularly are France Culture and France Info radio channels and the France 24 and TV5Monde television channels.
He writes regularly for the website.
Each team in the 2014 Indonesian Inter Island Cup named a minimum of 18 players in their squads (three of whom were goalkeepers) by the deadline that Liga Indonesia determined was on 7 January 2014.
According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 213 inhabitants.
The streets and stone houses have been restored to those of a medieval town.
It still retains much of the city walls with two gates and the castle.
It also has four museums.
Evidence of prehistoric inhabitants have been found in the region.
History.
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1439.
Geography.
It has a population of about 249.
Economy and infrastructure.
German rapper Capital Bra has released eight studio albums, four extended plays (EPs) and seventy singles (including thirteen as featured artist).
In 2016, he premiered his first studio album "Kuku Bra" which debuted at number 32 on the German and at number 61 on the Austrian album charts.
The limited box set of "Makarov Komplex" included his first EP "Oh Kolleg".
In May of the same year, he distributed his second EP "Ibrakadabra" to minor commercial success in Switzerland.
In June 2017, Capital Bra announced his third studio album "Blyat", which was released three months later and debuted at number three in Germany and Austria, and at number five in Switzerland.
Capital Bra's fourth album "Berlin lebt" followed in June 2018 and topped the charts in German-speaking Europe.
A week prior, he split from his record label Team Kuku, because of differences in interests.
In early July, he signed a record deal with ersguterjunge, the label of fellow German rapper Bushido.
His first single released under ersguterjunge, "Melodien", became his fifth consecutive single to reach the pole position of the German charts.
In August 2018 the single set the record for the most streams in Germany in one day and in one week.
The rapper's fifth studio album, "Allein" was announced in late August 2018 and was released on 2 November 2018, again debuting within the top five of German-speaking Europe.
He preferred to work in watercolors.
Life and work.
He was born and resident in Rome.
He studied in the Academy of St Luke in Rome in the early 1860s.
He maintained a joint studio with Nazzareno Cipriani and Giuseppe Aureli on the Via Margutta.
Tarenghi and Filippo Bartolini (1861-1908) were members of the so-called "Gruppo Simoni".
They may have traveled to Algeria with Gustavo Simoni in the early 1890s.
He specialised in watercolor and orientalist scenes.
He was influenced by the style of the painter, Escordi.
Like many other members of the Italian school of Orientalist art, he made extensive use of photography in his work.
For example, he used a photograph as the template for the background in his painting of a pottery shop.
His paintings "The Return from Work" and "Prayer by Muslims" were first exhibited in Turin, in 1880, the latter also in Milan the next year.
The Al Salam Tecom Tower is a 47-floor tower in the Dubai Media City in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Construction of the Al Salam Tecom Tower was completed in 2008.
On 14 May 2008, a fire broke out on the 47th floor of Al Salam Tecom Tower.
There were no reported injuries.
The roof of the building is shaped on an angle where it would draw a straight line to Mecca if extended.
Luke 10 is the tenth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
It records the sending of seventy disciples by Jesus, the famous parable about the Good Samaritan, and his visit to the house of Mary and Martha.
This Gospel's author, who also wrote the Acts of the Apostles, is not named but is uniformly identified by early Christian tradition as Luke the Evangelist.
Text.
The original text was written in Koine Greek.
This chapter is divided into 42 verses.
Textual witnesses.
Protestant theologian Heinrich Meyer calls this section (verses 1-16) the "Narrative of the Seventy" and links it to the earlier account of the sending out of advance messengers in .
The return of the seventy concludes this section (verses 17-20).
Some manuscripts refer to seventy-two others.
The manuscript evidence "is fairly divided, and it is not easy to conclude what Luke actually wrote.
This verse offers confirmation in principle of the fact that Jesus placed on equal grounds the cities which reject the seventy and those which reject Himself.
A lawyer or 'expert in the law' asked Jesus what he should do to inherit eternal life.
Luke's treatment of this Great Commandment differs from those of Mark and Matthew, where Jesus directly instructed his disciples that these are the greatest commandments in the Law.
The lawyer then asked who his 'neighbour' is.
In response, Jesus told a story of a traveller (who may or may not have been a Jew ) who is beaten, robbed, and left half dead along the road.
First a priest and then a Levite come by, but both avoid the man.
Finally, a journeying Samaritan comes by.
Samaritans and Jews generally despised each other, but the Samaritan helps the injured man.
This parable is recounted only in this chapter of the New Testament.
Portraying a Samaritan in a positive light would have come as a shock to Jesus's audience.
Some Christians, such as Augustine and John Newton, have interpreted the parable allegorically, with the Samaritan representing Jesus Christ, who saves the sinful soul.
Others, however, discount this allegory as unrelated to the parable's original meaning, and see the parable as exemplifying the ethics of Jesus.
The parable has inspired painting, sculpture, poetry and film.
The colloquial phrase "good Samaritan", meaning someone who helps a stranger, derives from this parable, and many hospitals and charitable organizations are named after the Good Samaritan.
In Luke's account, the home of Martha and Mary is located in 'a certain village'.
Bethany is not mentioned and would not fit with the topography of Jesus' journey to Jerusalem, which at this point in the narrative is just commencing as he leaves Galilee.
Tsui Wing (born August 7, 1974) is a Hong Kong actor contracted to TVB.
Born in Chelsea, Wisconsin, Schmittfranz went to Medford High School.
He then took the dairy course at University of Wisconsin.
Schmittfranz lived in Thorp, Wisconsin and was a cheese maker.
He was president of the Wisconsin Cheese Makers Association.
In 1931, Schmittfranz served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican.
On his fortieth birthday, Schmittfranz was at his brother-in-law's house in Black River Falls, Wisconsin.
Schmittfranz was target shooting with his brother-in-law when he picked up a rifle.
The rifle discharged sending a bullet into his head killing him.
The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola.
It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.
The local church is dedicated to Saint Anne and belongs to the Parish of Izlake.
Fat Guy Goes Nutzoid is a 1986 film produced by Golden Boys Productions.
Production.
"Fat Guy Goes Nutzoid" was shot in 1983 under the title "Zeisters".
Release.
"Fat Guy Goes Nutzoid" was distributed in September 1986 by Troma.
Reception.
A reviewer credited as "Lor." of "Variety" reviewed the film on April 11, 1987.
Tillyfourie is a hamlet in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
It is situated at the junction between the A944 road and the B993 road.
A disused quarry and a stone circle are situated in the woodland to the north of Tillyfourie.
It was formerly served by Tillyfourie railway station.
The Malibu Country Mart (also the Country Mart or MCM) is a large outdoor lifestyle center or "boutique mall" located in the heart of Malibu at the Civic Center of Malibu, California.
The center features a popular public playground, outdoor dining and picnic area, unique sculptures and public art, multiple restaurant options, free Wi-Fi, and on-site parking.
Description.
The Malibu Country Mart encompasses of land in the heart of the Malibu Civic Center and comprises approximately of high-end retail, dining, and service providers.
Its buildings are a mix of architectural styles, displaying Spanish, Mediterranean, modern, and rustic influences.
Other features of the property include unique gardens and sculptures, outdoor dining and picnic areas, and a children's playground.
Because of its high end retailers, the Malibu Country Mart has been a destination for the famous and the well-heeled who inhabit the beachfront property west of Los Angeles.
The Malibu Civic Center area is the primary local gathering place, known for being frequented by locals and visitors, alike.
Some reports suggest that the area has also become an increasingly popular venue for paparazzi.
Limited development and high demand continue to lead to rising real estate prices, and in turn lead to a market in which each successive generations of property buyers is typically wealthier than the one that preceded them.
These demographic trends help to explain both a burgeoning market for luxury goods and a diminishing market for prosaic and practical homegoods.
Location.
The Malibu Country Mart is located one block off the Pacific Coast Highway in the heart of the Malibu Civic Center, minutes away from Pepperdine University, Malibu High School (MHS), and the Malibu Pier.
The property is approximately 20 minutes from West Los Angeles, the City of Santa Monica, the San Fernando Valley, and the Conejo Valley.
Ownership.
The property was purchased in 1986 by Koss Companies, now known as Koss Real Estate Investments.
Malibu Legacy Park Project.
Directly adjacent to the Malibu Country Mart is a currently vacant, plot of land formerly owned by billionaire media tycoon and Colony resident Jerry Perenchio and sold to the City of Malibu in 2005 with strict deed restrictions prohibiting any commercial use.
Current plans for the site involve the development of a state-of-the-art park that is said to work as an "environmental cleaning machine", reducing pollution impacts in Malibu Creek, Malibu Lagoon, and the world-famous Surfrider Beach while simultaneously improving water quality, restoring a native riparian habitat, and preserving open space.
The project will be linked by a "linear park" to the neighboring Surfrider Beach, Malibu Pier, Malibu Lagoon, and Malibu Bluffs Park.
Between Cross Creek Road and Webb Way east to west, and between Civic Center Way and PCH north to south, it has been the site of the annual Labor Day Weekend Chili Cook-Off festival since 1982.
Tenants.
The Malibu Country Mart has 67 merchants encompassing a variety of upscale boutiques, restaurants, spa services, and art galleries.
Maneiro is a municipality of Isla Margarita in the state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.
Iron Acton station opened on 2 September 1872, with the start of services on the Midland Railway branch from Yate to Thornbury.
The station was designed by the Midland Railway company architect John Holloway Sanders.
It closed to passenger services on 19 June 1944.
The station served Iron Acton village and was sited to the south west of it.
It consisted of a single platform face and a large wooden station building.
A freight-only branch serving an iron mine in Frampton Cotterell connected at the station.
This closed in 1872 and a truncated section of this route served as a coal depot until closure on 10 June 1963.
The station was demolished in the 1960s.
The part-remains of the platform survive, as does a crossing-keeper's cottage to the south of the station site.
In mid 2013, the line beyond Yate Middle Jn was placed 'Out of Use', due to the mothballing of the quarry at Tytherington.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1884 was unanimously adopted on 27 August 2009.
Resolution.
The Security Council today extended the mandate of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) for one year, until 31 August 2010, strongly calling on all concerned parties to respect the cessation of hostilities and the Blue Line and to fully cooperate with the United Nations and its Mission.
Determining that the situation in Lebanon remained a threat to international peace and security, the Council unanimously adopted resolution 1884 (2009), by which it urged the parties to fully cooperate with the 15-member body and the Secretary-General to achieve a permanent ceasefire and a long-term solution, as envisioned in resolution 1701 (2006).
It welcomed the expansion of coordinated activities between UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces and encouraged further enhancement of that cooperation.
It asked the Secretary-General to take all necessary action in that regard and to keep it informed.
Troop-contributing countries were urged to take preventive and disciplinary action to ensure that such acts were properly investigated and punished in cases involving their personnel.
The situation in southern Lebanon remained complex.
Diadelia inornata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
Arskan is a computer software company that is based in Lyon, France.
It was founded in 2016 and developers technologies that allow the visualisation of massive, and comprehensive 3D data.
Description.
Arskan is a French company.
It develops technologies for the compression and progressive transfer of massive 3D data.
These technologies come from the research work of the LIRIS.
They allow data visualization of massive 3D data on the web.
They are patented.
In 2017, Arskan and SATT Pulsalys signed an operating license for technologies from the Laboratory of Computer Science in Image and Information Systems (LIRIS).
In February 2023, Arskan went into liquidation.
Services.
Arskan markets technologies for viewing and exploiting complex 3D files on the Internet.
The size of the files is reduced thanks to compression algorithms, a technology from LIRIS, allowing the exploitation of data from massive 3D files.
Digital twins.
The other stakeholders in this consortium are Lyon Parc Auto, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute of Applied Sciences of Rennes (INSA) and Pulsalys.
Projects.
CAJuN project.
For its first customer and beta-tester, Lyon Parc Auto, a parking operator company located in Lyon, ARSKAN generated the digital twin of the Cordeliers car park.
JUMOA project.
The JUMOA project was launched in partnership with EDF Hydro to solve problems related to the maintenance of engineering structures and sensitive sites.
The General Post Office (, , ), also known as the Grand Postal Building, is a historic building in the Bang Rak District of Bangkok.
Opened on 24 June 1940 on the former site of the British Legation, it was designed by architects Sarot Sukkhayang and Mew Aphaiwong in a mixture of Art Deco and International Style architecture which reflected the desire of the ruling People's Party to project a modern and powerful image of the state.
Made in Mexico is a television series that follows the lives of nine young socialites and expats living in Mexico City.
Its first season premiered on Netflix in 2018, with eight episodes.
It is also the title track of the EP, and his last release after he announced retirement from singing.
The EP was released on 24 April 2015 under GMA Records.
It was his entrance song to his fight against Floyd Mayweather Jr., which he lost.
It was written by Filipino composer Lito Camo, who is also a close friend of Pacquiao.
Music video.
Pacquiao himself directed the four-minute-and-seventeen-second video.
Active between 1950 and 2003, he wrote approximately 78 published books.
Before becoming involved in politics, Michael worked as a carpenter and business owner, and was one of very few translators between Inuktitut and English.
He became a prominent member of the Inuit co-operative housing movement and a community activist in Iqaluit, and was appointed to a series of governing bodies, including the precursor to the Iqaluit City Council.
After becoming the first elected Inuk member of the Northwest Territories Legislative Council, in 1966, Michael worked on infrastructural and public health initiatives.
He is credited with bringing public attention to the dehumanizing effects of the disc number system that was used in place of surnames for Inuit, and with prompting the government to authorise Project Surname to replace the numbers with names.
Early life.
Michael was born between Kimmirut (then Lake Harbour) and Iqaluit (then Frobisher Bay), and was described as being from Apex, Iqaluit.
His step-father, Tigullagaq, worked for the Hudson's Bay Company.
The military airfield construction would lead to the development of the city of Iqaluit, but it left Michael with several negative impressions.
He would later say that the American military did not provide compensation for much of the labour that Inuit workers performed, including three months of work transporting wood.
He also recalled that when Inuit residents were relocated to a nearby island to make space for the military construction projects, no means of transportation were given for them to travel between the island and the mainland.
Despite the policy of racial separation enforced by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Iqaluit during the 1940s and into the 1950s, Michael was one of the residents who worked in various jobs for the American military, and he was able to learn English through that work.
By the time he was 15 or 16 he had become noted for his skill as a translator.
He has been described as the only Inuk in Iqaluit who could translate between Inuktitut and English in the mid-1950s, though some sources mention other translators around the same time.
While working at the American military base, Michael became close friends with Joe Tikivik, who would later become his business partner.
Over the following years employees of the Canadian government working in and near Iqaluit sought out Michael because of his knowledge of English, so he had numerous early interactions with the Canadian government.
Around the time that Michael began working as a government interpreter he also got married.
At the start of the marriage he and his wife lived with her mother and father.
Employment and activism.
Before his election to the Northwest Territories Legislative Council at the age of 33, Michael worked as a carpenter, and ran a taxi and bus service.
Together with Abe Okpik and Joe Tikivik, Michael also founded Inuk Ltd., a cleaning and construction company that at one time had 50 employees.
Michael was a prominent activist in Iqaluit.
He founded a housing co-operative that built 15 new houses in Iqaluit, at a time when the co-operative housing movement was a major focus of Inuit activism and would quickly become the largest private sector employer of Indigenous people.
In 1956, Michael and his wife became the first residents of Iqaluit to have an insulated house constructed.
Michael was also a sculptor, producing several carvings of animals.
Several of his sculptures have been sold at auction, and some of his sculptures have been housed in the University of Lethbridge Art Gallery.
This included the municipal council that preceded the Iqaluit City Council.
Campaign and election.
Michael was encouraged to run in the 1966 by-election to the Northwest Territories Legislative Council by Stu Hodgson, later the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories.
The creation of several new districts, increasing the legislative body up to 13 members, had left three openings for one-year terms to the council without any incumbents.
Michael contested the election in the Eastern Arctic district against two non-Inuit candidatesWelland Phipps ("Weldy"), the president of Atlas Aviation, and Gordon Rennie, Iqaluit mayor and manager of the Hudson's Bay Company storeand he was elected to the 5th Northwest Territories Legislative Council.
Michael's election made him the first elected Inuk legislator in a Canadian province or territory, preceding Peter Ittinuar's election as the first Inuit member of the federal government.
Some sources have identified Michael as the first elected Aboriginal Canadian, but others had been elected before, such as Frank Calder.
Though Michael was Canada's first elected Inuit legislator, he was its second Inuit legislator overall, since Abe Okpik had been appointed to the Northwest Territories Legislative Council in 1965.
Legislative career.
First speech.
Michael's inaugural speech to the Legislative Assembly lasted 90 minutes and was given in Inuktitut.
In this inaugural speech, he argued that discriminatory practices remained common in the Northwest Territories, despite the council having passed legislation outlawing discrimination.
As an example he mentioned the Arctic Circle Club lounge, in which Inuit were not permitted to drink.
The lounge ended that policy shortly after Michael's speech.
However, in response to Michael speaking in Inuktitut, the legislature adopted a rule that all subsequent comments to the assembly would have to be in English.
Project Surname.
The issue that Michael is most closely identified with is the first legislative action on the question of Inuit disc numbers.
In the 1940s, the Government of Canada had decided that it was unable to track Inuit using their traditional names, and it assigned numbers to each individual Inuk using a type of dog tag system.
Michael spoke out against this system in the Legislative Assembly, explaining that his mail was sent to Simonie E7-551 rather than Simonie Michael, and protesting to the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories that his mail should be sent to his full name.
Although this issue had been raised previously by Abe Okpik in the Legislative Assembly and was becoming increasingly salient, Michael is widely credited with attracting the attention of the press and prompting the government to pass a motion authorizing Project Surname, in which Okpik spent the years between 1968 and 1971 travelling throughout the Northwest Territories and recording each Inuk's preferred surname to replace their disc numbers.
Michael's speech about the disc number system to the territorial council has been identified as the trigger that led to the system's end.
Health and infrastructure.
Michael was involved in several motions pertaining to infrastructure and health in the legislature.
In response to a rise in alcoholism, he prompted a referendum that restricted the availability of liquor in Iqaluit in the late 1960s.
He pushed for the creation of infrastructure that would make health care more available in Iqaluit, since the prevailing practice was to take those in need of major medical care away from Iqaluit to medical centres elsewhere, which caused sick people to undergo travel and to remain separate from their family and community during their treatment.
Housing.
Michael made housing a major legislative focus.
In 1969, he was involved in legislation to improve living conditions at Clyde River.
The town there was home to 210 people, but was built on top of a layer of muskeg that covered permafrost, which made building a major challenge and water drainage a perennial concern.
There was poor health care availability, and an overcrowded school that housed 88 students, more than it had the resources to accommodate.
Michael was active in legislative discussions on how to address these challenges through a large-scale building program.
Michael also toured the Belcher Islands in 1969 with Stu Hodgson.
Finding the housing situation there to be one of the worst in the Northwest Territories, he wrote to the federal government and advocated for 20 new permanent houses to be built there.
These efforts, and those of the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories, prompted the federal government to study the situation and ultimately provide materials for emergency housing.
Subsequent life and legacy.
After serving for four years in the legislature, Michael was succeeded by Bryan Pearson as the representative for the Eastern Arctic district in 1970.
After leaving government, several of Michael's small sculptures of animals were sold at auction, and he gave some interviews about his life.
He died in Iqaluit on November 15, 2008, at the age of 75.
Michael was elected only sixteen years after Inuit gained the right to vote in 1950, and only six years after the franchise was truly expanded in 1960 by making ballot boxes widely available in Inuit communities.
Given this context, Eva Aariak, the Premier of Nunavut, described Michael's election as "an important step forward in the evolution of our territory and its democratic institutions."
Similarly, the academics Peter Kulchyski and Frank James Tester identify Michael as an important member of a "unique" generation of Inuit leaders "who seized their time to forge a new politics in the arctic", and whose leadership "deserves special recognition".
As the first elected Inuk in a Canadian legislature, Michael described his role as "telling white people about the Eskimo".
Power Duke (foaled 1954) was an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1960 Group 1 Oakleigh Plate.
He was owned by a group of people, including the late Alf Cane.
In April 2006 the Government of Venezuela passed The Law of Communal Councils ("consejos comunales") which empowers local citizens to form neighbourhood-based elected councils that initiate and oversee local policies and projects towards community development.
Many Communal Councils became colectivos after they were armed by the Venezuelan government.
Over 19,500 councils were registered throughout the country and billions of dollars have been distributed to support their efforts by the government.
Structure.
Communal councils are a group of elected persons from a self-defined residential neighbourhood of about 150 to 400 families in urban areas, or closer to 20 families in rural areas, and potentially 10 in indigenous communities.
The principal decision making body of a communal council is the citizens' assembly.
No person can occupy positions in more than one unit at time.
Unit of social oversight.
The Unit of Social Oversight is a group of five community members elected by the Citizens' Assembly.
They are an independent group who monitor and report on the application of council resources and activities towards the community development plan.
They are also known as the Anti-corruption Unit.
Community Coordination Collective.
International.
Communal councils circles exist in other countries and are widespread in Europe, North America, and Australia.
Canada.
In the United States, there were about 15 circles throughout the United States in 2005.
In an article by "The Miami Herald", the circles were present in cities such as Cincinnati, Boston, Miami, Salt Lake City, Knoxville and Milwaukee, with the largest organization in Miami having about 185 members.
Present situation.
Eight months after the law was passed, over 16,000 councils had already formed throughout the country.
As of March 2007 19,500 councils were registered.
He directed more than 80 films between 1927 and 1953.
St Vincent's Hospital is a health facility in Gynack Road, Kingussie, Scotland.
It is managed by NHS Highland.
History.
The facility, which was founded by Dr de Watteville, opened as the Grampian Sanatorium in 1901.
It was acquired by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul and only joined the National Health Service in 1986.
Schausilla is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae erected by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1974.
Its only species, Schausilla obrysos, was first described by Paul Mabille in 1878.
Michelle Molineux (born August 29, 1986) is a Canadian actress and singer.
She was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and attended the University of Alberta.
Molineux is best known for her role as an alien seductress in "" released in 2006.
Molineux is also a voice-over artist working with Blue Water Studios on English dubs of anime.
Prunedale is a census-designated place in Monterey County, California, United States.
It is located north of Salinas at an elevation of .
The population was 18,885 as of the 2020 census, up from 17,560 in 2010.
Plum trees were grown in Prunedale in the early days of its founding, but the trees died soon after due to poor irrigation and fertilizer.
History.
One of the area's earliest settlers was Charles Langley, a Watsonville banker, who also operated the Prunedale post office, which opened in 1894, closed in 1908, and re-opened in 1953.
Langley helped establish the Watsonville post office mail service in Prunedale.
Langley Canyon Road in Prunedale is named after the Langley family.
It was around the time of Prunedale's founding that the plum orchard failed due to a lack of irrigation and fertilizer, yet the name Prunedale was retained.
The unincorporated area maintains a rural feel in most areas.
A major development in the area's history occurred when U.S. Route 101 was rerouted through Prunedale between 1931 and 1932.
U.S. Highway 101 had previously run directly from Salinas to San Juan Bautista.
That old route is now known as San Juan Grade Road.
In 1946, Highway 101 was widened to four lanes.
As Prunedale has grown, increased traffic congestion made Route 101 through Prunedale a Traffic Safety Corridor and a double traffic fine zone in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with reduced speed limits to 55 miles per hour.
Detailed plans to build a 101 bypass of Prunedale did not develop.
After Caltrans purchased the land for the bypass, it was resolved to improve the highway through Prunedale by adding a San Miguel Canyon overpass, improving the Highway 101 and Highway 156 interchange, making more turn and merge lanes, and making several other improvements on the roadway.
These improvements were completed in the early 2000s.
In the last few years, with a decline in traffic fatalities, the speed limit was increased to 60 miles per hour via state traffic formulas.
One of the original businesses to inhabit Prunedale was Glenn's.
In the 1970s, the Prunedale Shopping Center was built.
The Prunedale Senior Citizens' Center was built in 1989 with grant funds secured by then Monterey County Supervisor Marc Del Piero.
Meals for seniors and public assistance programs, including a bi-weekly food bank giveaway, continue to be operated from that facility.
In the 1980s, the Prunetree Shopping Center opened for business.
Geography.
Prunedale is located in northern Monterey County at .
It is bordered to the northeast by San Benito County, to the north by the community of Aromas, and to the west by the community of Elkhorn.
Via U.S. Route 101, Salinas, the county seat, is to the south, while Gilroy is to the north.
Langley Creek flows by Highway 101 through Prunedale, and is visible at the intersection of Highway 101 and Tustin Road, and again at the intersection of Prunedale South Road and Blackie Road.
Demographics.
2010.
At the 2010 census Prunedale had a population of 17,560.
The population density was .
The average household size was 3.08.
The median age was 40.1 years.
For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males.
2000.
At the 2000 census there were 16,432 people, 5,440 households, and 4,292 families in the CDP.
The population density was .
There were 5,591 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.33.
The median age was 39 years.
For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.
Most of Prunedale's residents live in single family detached homes with individual or shared wells and leach fields.
Transportation.
Caltrans has a park and ride at the intersection of US Route 101 and California State Route 156.
Environmental.
In the hills above Prunedale is one of the few known colonies of Yadon's piperia, an endangered species of wild orchid.
Royal Oaks Park and Manzanita Park, owned by Monterey County, offer nearby recreation.
Biography.
She moved to Istanbul with her family when one year old.
Her musical life began when she started playing the piano during her primary school years.
She sang more songs for TV shows and did vocals for some TV serials.
There, she offers piano instruction.
She succumbed to brain cancer in 2019 and died on 20 January 2022 in Istanbul.
Her body was buried in the Habibler Plateau Cemetery.
Career.
As Teacher.
Sag.
Political ascent.
On 4 February 1934, he became secretary of the Tarn socialist federation.
In this capacity, he took a firm stand against the neo-socialists.
In 1935, he was elected mayor of his native commune.
The following year, he became a deputy in the National Assembly of France and a member of the Permanent Administrative Commission, at the time the decision-making organ of the SFIO.
His trip to Algeria was sharply criticised by certain newspapers, as he manifested his anti-colonialism.
In December 1938, he presented an amendment to exempt wheat headed to the Spanish Republic from export duties.
He was thus attacked by certain deputies of the right and of the extreme right, notably Philippe Henriot.
Hero and martyr of the Resistance.
Today, they intend to crucify her.
I do not associate myself with this assassin's gesture."
In May, and then in December 1941, he participated in the meetings of CAS Sud.
He worked actively with Suzanne Buisson and Edouard Froment.
With equal vigour, Augustin Malroux made efforts to maintain contact with those Socialist deputies who had been interned or imprisoned.
In 1942, this movement asked him to create a combat group.
Finally, he participated in the clandestine rebuilding of the Syndicat national des instituteurs (National Teachers' Union).
Arrested on 2 March 1942 in Paris, Augustin Malroux was then imprisoned in Fresnes.
On 15 September 1943, he was deported to Germany.
News of his death only emerged several months later.
The Tarn SFIO had placed him at the head of their list for the municipal elections in Carmaux in May 1945.
Tributes.
In April 1946, a plaque was engraved in front of his Paris house.
Robert Verdier delivered a speech on this occasion.
Shou Qiu () is a historical site on the eastern outskirts of the city of Qufu in Shandong Province, China.
According to the legend, Shou Qiu is the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor.
Shou Qiu itself is today marked only by a pyramidal monument, covered in stone in the 12th century, that represents the legendary hill itself.
It is now part of the same complex as the tomb of Shaohao, the son of the Yellow Emperor.
Because Shaohao's tomb stands very closely behind the pyramidal monument, the pyramid is often mistaken as the tomb itself.
Shou Qiu was encased in stone in the 12th century, resulting in a step pyramid.
At its top is a small pavilion.
The structure seen today dates from the Qianlong era.
In the 11th century, a large complex was built around the pyramid, including governmental buildings and a shrine to the Yellow Emperor himself.
The reigning Song Dynasty emperors at the time venerated the Yellow Emperor as their ancestor, so the shrine was intended to feature two giant turtle-borne steles that were much larger than was usual for temples.
Today, the two stele are all that remain of the original complex.
They now stand near the Shou Qiu monument with a small lake between them.
The former shrine to the Yellow Emperor on the site was built in 1012 CE, during the Xuanhe era of the Huizong Emperor of the Song Dynasty.
After suffering further damage during the Cultural Revolution, the steles were restored in 1992.
The newer replicas are flabby and lack character."
With more than in height, the steles are among the tallest in China.
Biography.
Musical career.
Gisselle was born in New York City to Puerto Rican parents.
She showed interest in the arts from an early age and started dancing at the Ita Medina Academy when she was 15 years old.
After that she became a regular dancer and performer in variety shows like and .
It was then that she started to incline towards a career in music.
She joined Kaviar, a merengue group composed of females, with whom she performed for almost two years.
From 1991 to 1993, she performed with the group Punto G. After that, she decided to pursue a solo career and was signed by the BMG label.
In 1995, Bonny Cepeda produced her first album that produced several hit singles like "Perfume de mujer en tu camisa" and "Pesadilla".
It was also awarded gold and platinum albums, and several awards.
In 1996, her second album - - was released to much praise.
The album reached 200,000 units sold.
Her third album, , was equally successful reaching the top places on the Billboard charts.
The album featured a version of Juan Gabriel's song in a duet with Dominican Sergio Vargas which was very successful.
After, they released an album together titled .
In the late 90s, Gisselle released the album which garnered her a Grammy nomination.
Her follow-up, , released in 2000, featured Gisselle singing ballads and bachatas.
In 2002, she received another Grammy nomination for her album titled simply "8".
Gisselle's next album, , featured the singer venturing into pop music.
However, in 2004 she returned to merengue with her new album .
Acting career.
Early in her career, Gisselle was featured in several comedy sketches in programs like , , and .
In 2001, she starred in the play .
Recently, she appeared in the play , with Gilberto Santa Rosa and Yolandita Monge.
Radio host.
In 2007, Gisselle was invited to host the morning radio show at SalSoul.
After a couple of months, she changed shifts hosting at the same station.
Personal life.
Gisselle was married in the early 1990s and has a son, Viadel, from that relationship.
Viadel was born in 1994.
Gisselle also has a brother named Miguel A Ortiz Caceres and lives in Hartford, CT. After her divorce she has had relationships with model and actor Julian Gil, and baseball player Roberto Alomar.
They divorced in 2021.
As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,284 and an area of .
Chopardiella is a genus of mantises belonging to the family Mantidae.
Murray Leibbrandt is professor, NRF Chair in Poverty and Inequality Research - and Director of the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit at the University of Cape Town.
He is a South African academic economist studying labour markets, trends in inequality, and poverty in South Africa.
He is a fellow at the IZA Institute of Labor Economics.
Education.
He received a Bachelors in Economics from Rhodes University in 1983.
He then proceeded to University of Notre Dame, where he read for Masters and doctorate degrees, graduating in 1986 and 1993 respectively.
Academic career.
In 1999, Leibbrandt with his colleagues - Ingrid Woolard and Haroon Bhorat - conducted a series of studies intended to study the dynamics of inequality in South Africa up to that point.
They emigrated from South Arabia in the early third century to the Levant.
Some merged with Hellenized Christian communities, converting to Christianity in the first few centuries, while others may have already been Christians before emigrating north to escape religious persecution.
After settling in the Levant, the Ghassanids became a client state to the Byzantine Empire and fought alongside them against the Sasanian Empire and their Arab vassals, the Lakhmids.
The lands of the Ghassanids also acted as a buffer zone protecting lands that had been annexed by the Romans against raids by Bedouins.
Traditional genealogy and migration from South Arabia.
In this genealogical scheme, their ancestor was Jafna, a son of Amr Muzayqiya ibn Mazin ibn Azd, through whom the Ghassanids were purportedly linked with the Ansar (the Aws and Khazraj tribes of Medina), who were the descendants of Jafna's brother Tha'laba.
According to the historian Brian Ulrich, the links between Ghassan, the Ansar, and the wider Azd are historically tenuous, as these groups are almost always counted separately from each other in sources other than post-8th-century genealogical works and the story of the 'Scattering of Azd'.
In the latter story, the Azd migrate northward from Yemen and different groups of the tribe split off in different directions, with the Ghassan being one such group.
Per the "Scattering of Azd" story, the Ghassanids eventually settled within the Roman "limes".
The tradition of Ghassanid migration finds support in the "Geography" of Ptolemy, which locates a tribe called the Kassanitai south of the Kinaidokolpitai and the river Baitios (probably the wadi Baysh).
These are probably the people called Casani in Pliny the Elder, Gasandoi in Diodorus Siculus and Kasandreis in Photios I of Constantinople (relying on older sources).
The date of the migration to the Levant is unclear, but they are believed to have arrived in the region of Syria between 250 and 300 and later waves of migration circa 400.
Their earliest appearance in records is dated to 473, when their chief, Amorkesos, signed a treaty with the Byzantine Empire acknowledging their status as foederati controlling parts of Palestine.
He apparently became a Chalcedonian Christian at this time.
By the year 510, the Ghassanids were no longer Miaphysites, but Chalcedonian.
Byzantine period.
The "Assanite Saracen" chief Podosaces that fought alongside the Sasanians during Julian's Persian expedition in 363 might have been a Ghassanid.
After originally settling in the Levant, the Ghassanids became a client state to the Byzantine Empire.
The Romans found a powerful ally in the Ghassanids who acted as a buffer zone against the Lakhmids.
In addition, as kings of their own people, they were also phylarchs, native rulers of client frontier states.
The capital was at Jabiyah in the Golan Heights.
Geographically, it occupied much of the eastern Levant, and its authority extended via tribal alliances with other Azdi tribes all the way to the northern Hijaz as far south as Yathrib (Medina).
The Ghassanids fought alongside the Byzantine Empire against the Persian Sasanians and Arab Lakhmids.
The lands of the Ghassanids also continually acted as a buffer zone, protecting Byzantine lands against raids by Bedouin tribes.
Among their Arab allies were the Banu Judham and Banu Amilah.
The Byzantines were focused more on the East and a long war with the Persians was always their main concern.
The Ghassanids maintained their rule as the guardian of trade routes, policed Lakhmid tribes and was a source of troops for the imperial army.
In addition to that, al-Harith ibn Jabalah was given the rule over all the Arab allies of the Byzantine Empire.
Early Islamic period.
Muslim conquest of Syria.
The nascent Muslim state in Medina, first under the Islamic prophet Muhammad (d. 632) and lastly under the second caliph, Umar (), made abortive attempts to contact or win over the Ghassan of Syria.
The last phylarch of the Ghassan, Jabala ibn al-Ayham, stories of whom are shrouded in legend, led his tribesmen and those of Byzantium's other allied Arab tribes in the Byzantine army that was routed by the Muslims at the Battle of Yarmouk in .
After supposedly embracing Islam, Jabala left the faith and ultimately withdrew with his tribesmen from Syria to Byzantine-held Anatolia in 639, by which time the Muslims had conquered most of Byzantine Syria.
Unable to make headway with the Ghassan, the Muslim administration in Syria under its governor Mu'awiya succeeded in allying with the Ghassan's old-established Syrian allies, the Banu Kalb.
The latter became the cornerstone of Mu'awiya's military power in Syria, and later, when he became head of the Syria-based Umayyad Caliphate in 661, of the Islamic empire in general.
Umayyad and Abbasid periods.
Significant remnants of the Ghassan remained in Syria, residing in Damascus and the city's Ghouta countryside.
At least nominally and probably gradually, many of these Ghassanids embraced Islam, especially under Mu'awiya's rule.
According to the historian Nancy Khalek, they consequently became an "indispensable" group of Muslim society in early Islamic Syria.
Mu'awiya actively sought the militarily and administratively experienced Syrian Christians, including the Ghassanids, and members of the tribe served him and later Umayyad caliphs as governors, commanders of the "shurta" (select troops), scribes, and chamberlains.
Several descendants of the tribe's Tha'laba and Imru al-Qays branches are listed in the sources as Umayyad court poets, jurists, and officials in the eastern provinces of Khurasan, Adharbayjan and Armenia.
When Mu'awiya's grandson, Caliph Mu'awiya II, died without a chosen successor amid the Second Muslim Civil War in 684, Umayyad rule was on the verge of collapse in Syria, having already collapsed throughout the caliphate, where the supporters of a rival caliph, the Mecca-based Ibn al-Zubayr, took charge.
The Ghassan, along with their tribal allies in Syria, especially the Kalb, supported continued Umayyad rule to secure their interests under the dynasty, and nominated Mu'awiya's distant cousin, Marwan I, as caliph during a summit of the Syrian tribes in the old Ghassanid capital of Jabiya.
Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, the governor of Damascus, meanwhile, threw his backing behind Ibn al-Zubayr.
During the Battle of Marj Rahit, which pitted Marwan against Dahhak in a meadow north of Damascus, the scion of the Ghassanid family in Damascus, Yazid ibn Abi al-Nims, led a revolt there and secured control of the city for Marwan, who routed Dahhak and assumed office.
In a poem attributed to him, Marwan lauds the Ghassan, as well as the Kalb, Kinda, and Tanukh of Syria, for supporting him.
The above tribes thereafter formed the Yaman faction, in opposition to the Qays tribes which backed Dahhak and Ibn al-Zubayr.
The Ghassanid Shabib ibn Abi Malik was a leader of the Yaman in Damascus and conspired to assassinate the pro-Qaysi Caliph al-Walid II ().
After the latter was killed, the Ghassan marched on Damascus to help install his successor, the Yamani-backed Yazid III ().
The toppling of the Umayyads and the advent of the Iraq-based Abbasid Caliphate in 750 "was disastrous for the power, wealth and status of the Arab tribes in Syria", including the Ghassan, according to the historian Hugh N. Kennedy.
By the 9th century, the tribe had adopted a settled life, being recorded by the geographer al-Ya'qubi (d. 890) to be living in the Ghouta gardens region of Damascus and in Gharandal in Transjordan.
Scholarly families in Damascus.
Two Damascene Ghassanid families in particular achieved prominence in early Islamic Syria, those of Yahya ibn Yahya al-Ghassani (d. 750s) and Abu Mushir al-Ghassani (d. 833).
The former was the son of Caliph Marwan's head of the "shurta", Yahya ibn Qays.
Upon returning to Damascus after his stint as a governor of Mosul for the Umayyad caliph Umar II (), Yahya ibn Yahya took up scholarship and became known as the "sayyid ahl Dimashq" (leader of the people of Damascus), transmitting purported hadiths (traditions and utterances) of Muhammad, which he derived from his uncle Sulayman, who received the transmissions from Muhammad's Damascus-based companion, Abu Darda.
Among some traditions sourced to Yahya ibn Yahya by later Muslim scholars are those regarding the discovery of John the Baptist's head in the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus and others which praise the mosque's splendor and the Umayyad dynasty in general.
Yahya ibn Yahya's sons, grandsons, great-grandsons and great-great grandsons continued their ancestor's interests in hadith scholarship and remained part of the Damascene elite into the mid-9th century.
Abu Mushir's grandfather, Abd al-A'la, was a hadith scholar and Abu Mushir studied under the famous Syrian scholar Sa'id ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Tanukhi.
He became a prominent hadith scholar in Damascus, with special interest in the administrative history of Syria, its local elite's genealogies and local scholars.
During the Fourth Muslim Civil War between the Abbasid dynasts, an Umayyad, Abu al-Umaytir al-Sufyani, took power in Syria in 811, in a bid to reestablish the Umayyad Caliphate.
Abu Mushir, whose grandfather was killed by the Abbasids in 750, disdained the Iraqis represented by the Abbasids and supported the restoration of Umayyad rule.
He served as Abu al-Umaytir's qadi (chief jurist), but was imprisoned by the Abbasids in the years following the rebellion's suppression in 813.
His great-grandsons Abd al-Rabb ibn Muhammad and Amr ibn Abd al-A'la also attained fame as Damascene scholars.
Kings.
Medieval Arabic authors used the term Jafnids for the Ghassanids, a term modern scholars prefer at least for the ruling stratum of Ghassanid society.
Earlier kings are traditional, actual dates highly uncertain.
Legacy.
The Ghassanids reached their peak under al-Harith V and al-Mundhir III.
Both were militarily successful allies of the Byzantines, especially against their enemies the Lakhmids, and secured Byzantium's southern flank and its political and commercial interests in Arabia proper.
On the other hand, the Ghassanids remained fervently dedicated to Miaphysitism, which brought about their break with Byzantium and Mundhir's own downfall and exile, which was followed after 586 by the dissolution of the Ghassanid federation.
The Ghassanids' patronage of the Miaphysite Syrian Church was crucial for its survival and revival, and even its spread, through missionary activities, south into Arabia.
According to the historian Warwick Ball, the Ghassanids' promotion of a simpler and more rigidly monotheistic form of Christianity in a specifically Arab context can be said to have anticipated Islam.
Ghassanid rule also brought a period of considerable prosperity for the Arabs on the eastern fringes of Syria, as evidenced by a spread of urbanization and the sponsorship of several churches, monasteries and other buildings.
The surviving descriptions of the Ghassanid courts impart an image of luxury and an active cultural life, with patronage of the arts, music and especially Arab-language poetry.
In the words of Ball, "the Ghassanid courts were the most important centres for Arabic poetry before the rise of the Caliphal courts under Islam", and their court culture, including their penchant for desert palaces like Qasr ibn Wardan, provided the model for the Umayyad caliphs and their court.
After the fall of the first kingdom in the 7th century, several dynasties, both Christian and Muslim, ruled claiming to be a continuation of the House of Ghassan.
Besides the Phocid or Nikephorian Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, other rulers claimed to be the heirs of the Royal Ghassanids.
The Rasulid Sultans ruled from the 13th until the 15th century in Yemen, while the Burji Mamluk Sultans did likewise in Egypt from the 14th to the 16th centuries.
Norman Steven Maciver (born September 1, 1964) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player.
He is currently an associate general manager for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
As a player, he played defence for six teams in the NHL during a thirteen-year professional career.
Playing career.
University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs.
Maciver was not drafted by an NHL franchise and instead took the university route in order to reach the NHL.
While playing at the University of Minnesota - Duluth, Maciver earned a communications degree and signed as a free agent with the NHL's New York Rangers upon graduation.
Professional hockey.
Maciver signed as a free agent with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League on September 8, 1986.
In 71 games with New Haven, Maciver scored six goals and 36 points.
In seven post-season games with the Nighthawks, Maciver was held to no points.
Maciver was called up to New York in December, and in his first three games in the NHL, he earned three assists.
Overall, in 37 games with New York, Maciver scored nine goals and 24 points.
In 26 games with New York, Maciver scored no goals and had 10 assists.
On December 26, 1988, the Rangers traded Maciver, Brian Lawton, and Don Maloney to the Hartford Whalers for Carey Wilson and the Whalers fifth round draft pick in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft.
In 37 games with the Whalers, Maciver scored one goal and 23 points, helping the club reach the post-season.
In two games with Binghamton, Maciver had no points.
On October 10, 1989, Maciver was traded to the Edmonton Oilers for Jim Ennis.
In 68 games with Cape Breton, Maciver scored 13 goals and 50 points, as he was the highest scoring defenseman on the team.
In six post-season games with Cape Breton, Maciver earned seven assists.
In 56 games in the AHL, Maciver scored 13 goals and 59 points before being recalled to Edmonton in February.
In 21 games with Edmonton, Maciver scored two goals and seven points.
In 18 playoff games, Maciver earned four assists.
In 57 games, Maciver scored six goals and 40 points, helping the club reach the post-season.
In 13 playoff games, Maciver scored a goal and three points.
On October 4, 1992, Maciver was claimed by the Ottawa Senators in the waiver draft.
In 80 games with Ottawa, Maciver scored 17 goals and 63 points, setting career highs in goals and points, while leading the Senators in team scoring.
Injuries slowed Maciver down during the season, as he played in 53 games, scoring three goals and 23 points.
In 28 games with Ottawa, Maciver scored four goals and 11 points.
On April 7, 1995, the Senators traded Maciver and Troy Murray to the Pittsburgh Penguins for Martin Straka.
Pittsburgh Penguins (1995).
In 13 games with Pittsburgh, Maciver earned nine assists.
In game seven of the series against the Capitals, played on May 18, Maciver scored his first career playoff goal with the Penguins, scoring the game-winning goal against Jim Carey in a 3-0 Penguins victory, as Pittsburgh defeated the Capitals in seven games.
In 12 post-season games, Maciver scored a goal and five points.
In 32 games with the Penguins, Maciver scored two goals and 23 points.
On December 28, 1995, Maciver was traded to the Winnipeg Jets for Neil Wilkinson.
In 37 games played with the Jets, Maciver scored five goals and 30 points, helping the club reach the post-season.
The loss eliminated the Jets from the post-season, and Maciver scored the last goal in Winnipeg Jets history, as the club relocated to Phoenix, Arizona during the off-season.
Maciver suffered through an injury plagued season, playing in only 32 games with Phoenix, scoring four goals and 13 points.
Injuries limited Maciver to 41 games during the regular season, as he scored two goals and eight points.
In six post-season games, Maciver earned an assist.
Following the season, Maciver became a free agent.
In 49 games with the Aeros, Maciver scored six goals and 31 points, helping the team reach the post-season.
Maciver played in 10 playoff games, earning five assists, as the Aeros won the Turner Cup.
Following the season, Maciver announced his retirement from hockey.
Post-playing career.
The Falcons struggled to a 29-37-8-6 record during the season, earning 72 points, and finishing in last place in the New England Division.
The Falcons improved to a 35-41-2-2 record, earning 74 points, however, the Falcons finished in last place in the North Division.
Maciver remained with the club as an assistant coach.
Springfield saw a slight improvement, as the club finished the season with a 34-38-7-1 record, earning 76 points, and reaching the Eastern Conference qualifier.
In the qualifying series, Springfield upset the Hartford Wolf Pack, winning both games, to advance to the post-season.
In the first round of the playoffs, the Falcons lost to the Hamilton Bulldogs three games to one.
Following the season, Maciver left the Falcons as he was promoted to the National Hockey League as an assistant coach with the Boston Bruins.
In the post-season, the Bruins were upset by the Montreal Canadiens in the first round of the playoffs.
The Bruins struggled during the season, finishing a disappointing 29-37-16 record, earning 74 points, and failing the make the post-season.
Following the season, Sullivan and his coaching staff were relieved of their duties.
In 2006, Maciver was hired by the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks to serve as the club's director of player development, and was promoted to director of player personnel in 2011.
In July 2020, Maciver was demoted to vice president of player personnel and left the organization in January 2021 to become director of player personnel for the Seattle Kraken.
Maciver returned to the Blackhawks as an associate general manager on March 9, 2022.
San Juan, Puerto Rico, held an election for mayor on November 2, 2004.
It was held as part of the 2004 Puerto Rican general election.
It saw the reelection incumbent mayor Jorge Santini, a member of the New Progressive Party.
The Foothill League is a high school athletic conference in the Santa Clarita Valley area of Los Angeles County, California that is affiliated with the CIF Southern Section.
All current members are part of the William S. Hart Union High School District.
Schools.
The Foothill League is one of the earliest CIF-SS leagues in existence.
Membership has historically included schools throughout Los Angeles County, including in the Santa Clarita Valley, Burbank, Glendale, and the San Gabriel Valley.
In the 1930s, the league's footprint extended as far south as Fullerton.
In 2006, Burbank and Burroughs high schools in Burbank left the Foothill League to join the Pacific League to reduce travel expenses and become more competitive.
 Hwangjeongsan is a mountain of South Korea.
He played for most of his career as a right-back.
Club career.
He made his debut in the Russian Second Division for FC Akademiya Tolyatti on 24 April 2011 in a game against FC Oktan Perm.
On 4 August 2020 he moved to Sochi on a permanent basis.
History.
In 1989, Peter Baumann started a research on database support for images, then at Fraunhofer Computer Graphics Institute.
Following an in-depth investigation on raster data formalizations in imaging, in particular the AFATL Image Algebra, he established a database model for multi-dimensional arrays, including a data model and declarative query language. pioneering the field of Array Databases.
Today, multi-dimensional arrays are also known as Data Cubes.
Concepts.
Data model.
Based on an array algebra specifically developed for database purposes, rasdaman adds a new attribute type, array, to the relational model.
For historical reasons, tables are called "collections", as initial design emphasized an embedding into the object-oriented database standard, ODMG.
Anticipating a full integration with SQL, rasdaman collections represent a binary relation with the first attribute being an object identifier and the second being the array.
This allows the establishment of foreign key references between arrays and regular relational tuples.
Raster Query Language.
The rasdaman query language, rasql, embeds itself into standard SQL and its set-oriented processing.
On the new attribute type, multi-dimensional arrays, a set of extra operations is provided which all are based on a minimal set of algebraically defined core operators, an "array constructor" (which establishes a new array and fills it with values) and an "array condenser" (which, similarly to SQL aggregates, derives scalar summary information from an array).
Storage management.
Raster objects are maintained in a standard relational database, based on the partitioning of a raster object into "tiles".
Aside from a regular subdivision, any user or system generated partitioning is possible.
A geo index is employed to quickly determine the tiles affected by a query.
Both tiling strategy and compression comprise database tuning parameters.
Tiles and tile index are stored as BLOBs in a relational database which also holds the data dictionary needed by rasdaman's dynamic type system.
Adapters are available for several relational systems, among them open-source PostgreSQL.
For arrays larger than disk space, hierarchical storage management (HSM) support has been developed.
Query processing.
Queries are parsed, optimised, and executed in the rasdaman server.
The parser receives the query string and generates the operation tree.
Parsing and optimization together take less than a millisecond on a laptop.
This leads to an architecture scalable to data volumes exceeding server main memory by orders of magnitude.
Query execution is parallelised.
Intra-query parallelism transparently distributes query subtrees across available cores, GPUs, or cloud nodes.
Client APIs.
The primary interface to rasdaman is the query language.
Arrays per se are delivered in the main memory format of the client language and processor architecture, ready for further processing.
Data format codecs allow to retrieve arrays in common raster formats, such as CSV, PNG, and NetCDF.
A Web design toolkit, raswct, is provided which makes the creation of Web query frontends easy, including graphical widgets for parametrized query handling, such as sliders for thresholds in queries.
Geo Web Services.
A Java servlet, "petascope", running as a rasdaman client offers Web service interfaces specifically for geo data access, processing and filtering.
For WCS and WCPS, rasdaman is the reference implementation.
Status and license model.
It is being used in both research and commercial installations.
In a collaboration of the original code owner, rasdaman GmbH and Jacobs University, a code split was performed in 2008 - 2009 resulting in "rasdaman community", an open-source branch, and "rasdaman enterprise", the commercial branch.
Since then, "rasdaman community" is being maintained by Jacobs University whereas "rasdaman enterprise" remains proprietary to rasdaman GmbH.
The "rasdaman community" license releases the server in GPL and all client parts in LGPL, thereby allowing the use of the system in any kind of license environment.
Impact and use.
Being the first Array DBMS shipped (first prototype available in 1996), rasdaman has shaped this recent database research domain.
Concepts of the data and query model (declarativeness, sometimes choice of operators) find themselves in more recent approaches.
In 2008, the Open Geospatial Consortium released the Web Coverage Processing Service standard which defines a raster query language based on the concept of a coverage.
Operator semantics is influenced by the rasdaman array algebra.
EarthLook is a showcase for OGC coverage standards in action, offering 1-D through 4-D use cases of raster data access and ad-hoc processing.
James F. Bandrowski is an author, global keynote speaker, trainer, and consultant.
Career.
His career began with various research and engineering positions at Becton-Dickinson.
Research and Books.
He began researching how other scientists and other types of innovators conceived new ideas, and created new products and business concepts.
Paralleling this work, he also researched how top athletes achieved higher levels of performance.
In 1978 he published three audio programs, one each on the mental side of tennis, golf, and skiing.
The programs were sold by "Psychology Today" magazine, and the Athletic Achievement Corporation.
The tennis program received the endorsement of World Team Tennis in San Francisco.
While researching and infusing creativity and imagination into strategic planning at DiGiorgio Corporation in the early 1980s, he wrote a monograph entitled "Creative Planning Starts at the Top", published by the Presidents Association of the American Management Association in 1983.
Marsh Creek State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Upper Uwchlan and Wallace Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania in the United States.
The park is the location of the man-made Marsh Creek Lake.
With an average depth of 40 feet (73 feet at its deepest), the lake is stocked with fish and is a stop for migrating waterfowl.
Marsh Creek State Park is west of Eagle on Pennsylvania Route 100.
All other access open 24 hours.
History.
Formation of Marsh Creek Lake was designed to address several water related problems in the region.
First, to provide additional drinking water for the Chester County Water Resources Authority, alleviating a previous shortage.
Second, to limit potential damage caused by seasonal flooding in the area.
Finally, to provide a recreation area for residents throughout the region.
The state of Pennsylvania acquired the land that became Marsh Creek State Park between 1964 and 1978.
Residents in the area were relocated including those residing in the farming village of Milford Mills, the site of which was eventually inundated.
From 1970-1973 construction cleared the valley of trees, structures and other obstacles.
Following completion of the dam, the lake filled over the course of three years.
The Larkin Covered Bridge was removed from its previous location to park property in 1972.
Upon completion of the reservoir, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania bought the land surrounding Marsh Creek Lake, constructed recreational facilities, and opened the land to the public.
New facilities built from 1971 to 1979 included administrative and picnic areas, a playground, pool, and wells.
Recreation.
Fishing and boating.
Marsh Creek Lake is open to fishing and recreational boating.
It is a warm water fishery with largemouth bass, black crappie, walleye, tiger muskellunge, and channel catfish all swimming in its waters.
The lake is a designated "big bass" lake - only bass and greater may be kept.
Bass smaller than must be released back into the lake.
Gasoline-powered boats are prohibited at Marsh Creek Lake.
Boaters are restricted to using non-powered or electric-powered boats.
All boats must be properly registered with any state.
Boat rentals, including canoes, sail boats and paddle boats, are available.
Hunting.
About of Marsh Creek State Park are open to hunting.
Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
The common game species are squirrels, pheasant, waterfowl, rabbits and white-tailed deer.
The hunting of groundhogs is prohibited.
Swimming.
A shallow wading pool is available, as well as a bathhouse, splash park, sunning area, and snack bar.
Swimming in the lake is not permitted.
Trails.
There are about of trails for equestrian use, hiking, and mountain biking open around the lake.
Many are available from the Chalfont Road parking area with additional trails from the west boat launch and on the north side of the dam.
Winter activities.
Ice fishing, ice boating and ice skating on Marsh Creek Lake are popular winter activities.
Church.
The local church in the village is dedicated to the Conversion of Paul and belongs to the Parish of Grahovo.
The church stands on the southwest edge of the village.
It has a rectangular nave, a polygonal chancel walled on three sides, and a bell tower with a Baroque roof.
The church was first mentioned in written sources in 1497 and was remodeled in the Baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century.
The interior furnishings dates from the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cultural heritage.
In addition to Conversion of Paul Church, the entire village is listed as cultural heritage.
Lim has exhibited both in Singapore and internationally, participating in exhibitions such as the Gwangju Biennale (2002) and the Biennale of Sydney (2004).
In 2005, Lim represented Singapore at the 51st Venice Biennale with "MIKE."
Education and personal life.
Lim was born in Singapore in 1972.
He studied briefly at the then-LASALLE Art College and the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts in Singapore, before embarking on a 3-year degree programme at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Australia.
Graduating in 1997, Lim continued to participate in numerous exhibitions locally and internationally.
Lim is married to Chinese artist, Cao Fei.
Career.
This was done without obvious announcements, and emerged only six months later in an article by Singaporean art critic Lee Weng Choy in "Art AsiaPacific" number 37.
The project was eventually unrealised, with the bureaucratic, legal, and ethical concerns preventing the work from being carried out.
An immersion into the works of Lim, five exercises were introduced based on Lim's works, transferring them into physical and theatrical frames.
At the 2004 Biennale of Sydney, Lim designed and coordinated "A Proposition That You May Want to Consider", a project addressed to the public.
With such pheromones reputed to possess aphrodisiac qualities, Lim sought to literally send a rain of love down upon the world capital of romance.
The work was unrealised, being dismissed by French authorities despite Lim proposing collaboration and consultation with Meteorologists, health institutions and other related agencies.
In 2005, Lim represented Singapore at the 51st Venice Biennale with "MIKE", curated by Eugene Tan"."
The first solo presentation at the Venice Biennale's Singapore Pavilion, Lim proposed to bring the 80-ton Merlion statue from Singapore to Venice as a tongue-in-cheek comment on tourism, self-representation, and capitalism.
The project never materialised due to the lack of approval from relevant parties, pointing towards the bureaucracy of modern society.
Surprisingly, the National Arts Council, who had commissioned the work, did not insist on a substitution of artists, instead working with curator and artist to present the unrealised project in Venice.
The Singapore Pavilion was converted into a large public toilet, and outside it was a signboard with the words "I wanted to bring MIKE over."
The catalogue displayed digitally altered photographs of a missing Merlion in Singapore, as well as a fictitious newspaper article that lauded the successful feat of bringing over the statue to Venice.
The work has been interpreted as a work that signalled the height of the shift towards conceptual art in Singapore, which had started in the 1970s.
In 2005, "A Work by Lim Tzay Chuen" was exhibited at the Earl Lu Gallery of the Institute of Contemporary Arts Singapore.
The solo exhibition by Lim featured an almost entirely empty, meditative space, placing an emphasis of the 'white cube' gallery space.
Art.
Lim's practice alters the conditions of contexts such as a gallery space, an exhibition, or a catalogue, leading viewers to critically re-evaluate their perceptions and assumptions of social, economic, cultural and political processes.
Good Grief is an upcoming romantic comedy film written and directed by and starring Dan Levy.
Premise.
A man struggling to cope with the deaths of his husband and mother travels with his two best friends to Paris for a weekend getaway.
Production.
In September 2021, Dan Levy was announced to be writing and directing a romantic comedy film for Netflix, in which he would also star as part of a film and television deal he signed with the company.
Levy described the film in a June 2022 interview as being more a "love story about friendship".
In October 2022, additional casting including Ruth Negga, Himesh Patel and Luke Evans was announced.
Frognot is an unincorporated community east of Blue Ridge on FM 981 in Collin County, located in the U.S. state of Texas.
History.
Frognot Store.
In 1926, Otis and Hazel Dixon opened Frognot General Store, where they sold Sinclair gasoline for 10 cents a gallon, as well as salt, bread, milk, and sometimes vegetables from their own garden.
They also sold Black Angus beef from the livestock raised by Otis, long before Black Angus was known as a premium product.
The store was a gathering place for local folk, and where the idea of starting Frognot Water Supply Corporation was born.
It premiered on 25 July 2016.
After airing for 4 years, the show went off air on 27 December 2020.
The show was produced by Boyhood Productions of Surinder Singh, Gurjit Singh and Sushanta Das.
Ke Apon Ke Por was a family drama series starring Pallavi Sharma and Biswajit Ghosh in lead roles.
Monalisa Paul played the main antagonist (Tandra), while Ananya Biswas, Arindya Banerjee, Reshmi Sen, Kalyani Mondal, Indranil Chattejee and Simran Upadhyay appear in prominent supporting roles.
The show is one of the longest-running and popular serials on Bengali television.
Summary.
Joba is a young girl who served as the maid in Sengupta family.
Param Sengupta, the youngest son of Senguptas', returns to Kolkata and has to marry Joba to save her life.
Param encourages Joba to complete her studies as well as earn a law degree, fulfilling her dream of becoming self-dependent by pursuing her career as a private-practicing lawyer.
Senguptas' eldest daughter-in-law, Tandra, who sees Joba as mere a servant, tortures her in multiple times.
Eventually, Param and Joba develop feelings for each other.
Param's sister, Tia married to her love interest, Topu while Param's uncle, Debranjan marries Gouri, a wicked woman.
She joins with Tandra, Palak and Tandra's mother and plots against Joba.
Later, Joba exposes the true intentions of Tandra who thrown out of the house.
Tandra vows to destroy Senguptas.
Later, The Senguptas go on a trip to Darjeeling, where Tandra, along with Sanjay, plans an accident of Joba, which results Tanna to lose his speech.
Joba is jailed for the same.
Tandra fakes her pregnancy, just to compete with Joba, who is also pregnant.
Tandra adopts the new-born daughter of a slum-dweller, Minoti and introduces her as her daughter.
She steals Joba's new-born son and bribes the doctors to declare him dead and supplies Param with memory-losing drugs while Joba is taken back to jail. 5 years later.
Joba is released and returns to the Sengupta household, which is now under Tandra and Gouri's control.
She helps Param to regain his memory.
Tanna gets back his speech and proves Joba's innocence.
Palak apologizes to Joba for all her taunts.
Joba and Param adopt a orphan named Supari, who is actually their long-lost son.
Later, Joba meets Minoti and learns that her son is alive.
Joba finds that Tandra's daughter, Anu is actually being Minoti's child and gets Tandra arrested.
Tandra acts as paralyzed to escape jail punishment and secretly contacts with Sanjay and her mother.
Joba and Param learn that Supari is their own son.
Later, they have a daughter, Koyel and rename Supari as Sarthak.
Sarthak gets paralyzed due to interior damage and needs to be treated abroad. 4 years later.
Joba, Param and Sarthak fly off to America, leaving Koyel in care of the other Sengupta family members.
Tandra imbibes deep hatred in little Koyel's mind against her parents, especially Joba for prioritizing Sarthak than Koyel. 12 years later.
Koyel has grown into a spoilt brat, being addicted to drugs, as the results of Tandra and Sanjay's plans.
Joba, Param and Sarthak return to India and are shocked by seeing Koyel's behavior.
Joba tries to change Koyel's behavior and eventually wins Koyel's heart.
The Senguptas are now assisted by a girl Itu, who is very close to Koyel and Joba.
Tinni gets married to a society entrepreneur Soheli's son Adi.
Senguptas' visit to Itu's village, "Phultuli" where Sarthak is forced to marry Itu.
Sarthak refuses to accept Itu as his wife and has feelings for Soheli's daughter Rinki, who loves Sarthak only to put Joba down.
Joba reveals Tandra's fake act and gets her arrested.
Rinki and Soheli try to create problems among Sarthak and Itu, but he firmly stands by Itu.
However, Rinky gets married with Tanna.
They occur a road accident and are sent to jail.
Later, Koyel falls ill and needs to have a bone marrow transplant.
To save her life, Joba and Param have another daughter, Kuhu. 7 years later.
Kuhu gets older and Koyel gets recovered.
Tandra changes her face by plastic surgery and returns to Sengupta house as Mayuri's friend Rumpa.
Joba becomes a justice.
Sarthak is falsely accused and Joba proves his innocence.
The lawyer of the complainer, Surjoshekhor Mukherjee falls in love with Koyel and their marriage is fixed.
But his cousin, Bishan kidnaps Koyel and forces her to marry him.
Bishan's father, Pratap Nondi comes to Sengupta house and Joba identifies him, who tried to murder her mother, Ratna 35 years ago.
She files a case against Pratap.
Bishan hires goon including Panchali, who is later revealed as Joba's sister.
Pratap gets his punishment.
Bishan tries to attack Senguptas' by creating much hatred in Koyel's mind towards Joba.
Koyel starts studying law to defeat her mother by fighting cases against deprived people.
To reform Koyel, Joba insists Itu to study law. 5 years later.
Sarthak and Itu have a son, Shayan.
Itu and Koyel are now rival lawyers in a case.
Koyel loses and tries to suicide.
Then she reconciles with her mother ending the hatred.
Tandra returns to the Senguptas saying that she is fighting with cancer.
With Bishan, she kills the client for whom Koyel was fighting and frames her in charge of murder.
Itu fights for her to get the bail of Koyel and succeeds.
Tandra tries to kill Joba, who is survived.
Joba disguises herself as Mr. Singh, with the help of her family and joins Bishan's gang.
Bishan kidnaps Koyel.
Joba and Param manage to save her.
Eventually, Joba exposes Tandra's every wicked moves and gets her arrested.
Finally, Joba and Param get remarried while uniting Koyel and Shurjo, leading to a happy ending.
Soundtrack.
The title song of the series "Ke Apon Ke Por" is a duet sung by singers Trisha Parui and Shovon Ganguly.
The original music has been given by Debjit Roy, while Priyo Chattopadhyay is the lyricist for this track.
Trains on this route originate from Nottingham via the Nottingham to Grantham Line as an hourly through service from Nottingham to Skegness, with slower stopping services at peak times.
The line is operated by East Midlands Railway British Rail Class 156 "Super-Sprinter", British Rail Class 170 "Turbostar" and British Rail Class 158 "Sprinter Express" diesel multiple units.
Community rail.
The route was selected as one of the seven pilot schemes under the Department for Transport's Community Rail Development Strategy in 2005 and was formally designated as a community rail service in July 2006.
Passenger use of the line has grown since becoming a community rail line and the Poacher Line Community Rail Partnership actively promotes the route through marketing promotions, ticketing offers, music trains and guided walks.
Redundant space at stations at Sleaford and Boston is being brought back into community use.
Members of the Partnership include Lincolnshire County Council, East Midlands Railway, Association of Community Rail Partnerships and Network Rail.
Given the natural flows along it made sense to extend the Partnership to Nottingham.
Nottinghamshire County Council was invited to join the partnership and became full members in 2007.
Route.
The route is a community rail line.
The line is not electrified and is single track from to and to with a passing loop at .
These were singled in the early 1980s to reduce track maintenance costs.
Trains and train crews operating the Poacher Line are based at Boston and Nottingham.
Nottingham to Skegness takes between 1 hour 50 minutes and 2 hours 15 minutes.
The last evening train at 9pm from Skegness is an express to Nottingham avoiding Grantham.
Grantham to Skegness takes about 1 hour 30 minutes on the "Poacher Line".
The reference is to the traditional song Lincolnshire Poacher.
As well as providing the only rail service for Boston and Skegness the line also provides the most frequent and reliable service from Sleaford to reach London.
Sleaford can be accessed by a second route (the Peterborough to Lincoln Line), however this has services which do not run late at night nor on Sundays.
In 2007, Central Trains, the then operator, announced that longer trains would be used on the line as overcrowding at weekends has become a severe problem.
This has been delayed by Network Rail putting back the track repairs between Boston and Skegness to 2010.
History.
The East Lincolnshire Railway from Boston to Louth opened in March 1848, and the section from Grantham to Boston was built by the Boston, Sleaford and Midland Counties Railway, opening in two stages in 1857 and 1859.
In due course both concerns were leased and later absorbed by the GNR company.
The section from Wainfleet to Skegness opened in August 1873 (by the Wainfleet and Firsby Railway Company, later owned by the GNR in the late 1890s).
The GNR became part of the LNER in 1923.
When other nearby lines were still open it became a less important route, except for its section from Boston to Firsby which was shared with the more important Peterborough to Grimsby line (via ) until October 1970 - this resulted in the line's unusually sharp curve in the track near Firsby where it joins the Skegness line (which was originally opened as a branch from Firsby).
This also had a section from here to Woodhall Spa and on to Lincoln.
The Skegness part of the line inspired the famous poster, designed in 1908 for the GNR.
Allington Chord.
When part of the line was shared with the East Coast Main Line, there was a common bottleneck on the three miles north of Grantham to the Barkston South junction, which held up valuable slots on a more important route.
A solution was urgently needed to get the Skegness trains off this route.
The following lists events that happened during 1961 in South Africa.
Events.
It contains a CD and a special edition DVD.
Track listing.
The CD includes tracks 1-21.
Dowsing Point is a residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Glenorchy in the Hobart LGA region of Tasmania.
The locality is about north-east of the town of Glenorchy.
The 2016 census recorded a population of 85 for the state suburb of Dowsing Point.
It is a locality of the greater area of Hobart.
It is part of the City of Glenorchy and encompasses the area of land north-east of Goodwood protruding into the River Derwent.
It includes the land feature Dowsings Point which marks the north of the entrance to Prince of Wales Bay.
Dowsing Point is best known as the western land-end of the Bowen Bridge (Goodwood Road), an arterial road linking the Brooker Highway with the East Derwent Highway.
While the City of Glenorchy classes it as a suburb, there are only a small number of residences within the area located between the Commonwealth land situating the Derwent Barracks, and the Elwick Racecourse.
Dowsing Point is the site of the Tasmanian Technopark, a Qantas call centre, an army barracks and various park lands.
In 2007, Mayor Adriana Taylor proposed to have Dowsing Point as the new site of the Royal Hobart Hospital.
History.
Dowsing Point is a confirmed locality.
During the Tasman Bridge disaster, Dowsings Point was used as the western side of a Bailey bridge crossing the River Derwent.
Geography.
The waters of the River Derwent form the northern, eastern and most of the southern boundaries.
Road infrastructure.
Route B35 (Goodwood Road) runs through from west to east.
Smelter contamination.
The Risdon Zinc Works (trading as Nyrstar Hobart) at nearby Lutana, which has been in operation since 1917, continues to produce heavy metal contaminants affecting the air, land and estuary waters surrounding Greater Hobart.
Drawing from data complied in the National Pollutant Inventory, a report by the Australian Conservation Foundation placed Hobart at number 6 of Australia's most polluted cities in 2018.
Catherine Louise Kearney Squires was a microbiologist known for her work on ribosomal RNA using "Escherichia coli" as a model organism.
She was an elected fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Education and career.
Squires grew up in Winters, California and attended San Juan High School.
She earned a B.A. (1963) and an M.A. (1967) from the University of California, Davis.
She then moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara where she earned her Ph.D. in 1972.
Following her Ph.D. she was a postdoctoral scientist at Stanford University where she worked with Charles Yanofsky.
She moved to Dartmouth College in 1974, and subsequently accepted a position at Columbia University in 1977.
In 1994, she moved to Tufts University School of Medicine and then retired from there in 2007.
She returned to Stanford University as a visiting professor until 2009.
Squires was the editor-in-chief of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews from 1997 until 2000.
Research.
Squires is known for her research on ribosomal RNA and the tools she established to study the function and structure of ribosomes.
She began working on mutants of "Escherichia coli w"hile at University of California, Davis where she examined the temperature dependence of growth in the bacterium.
While at Stanford, she worked on regulation of the tryptophan operon in "Escherichia coli."
Squires was a critic of the Human Genome Project and in 1992 she noted the project used funds that could be better applied in other scientific endeavors.
Awards and honors.
Squires was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology (1994) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2002).
Personal life.
Squires was a fan of Elvis Presley and accumulated Elvis memorabilia while at Tufts University.
Biography.
Francesco Casati was born in 1620 in Plaisance.
On 2 June 1670, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement X as Titular Archbishop of "Trapezus".
On 15 June 1670, he was consecrated bishop by Rinaldo d'Este, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Pudenziana, with Francesco Maria Febei, Titular Archbishop of "Tarsus", and Vincenzo Candiotti, Bishop of Bagnoregio, serving as co-consecrators.
Kenny Dale Monday (born November 25, 1961) is an Olympic gold medalist and three-time All-American wrestler from Oklahoma State University.
He began wrestling at age six at a YMCA after-school program and grew up idolizing Olympic wrestler Wayne Wells.
Monday is a three-time Olympian.
Monday attended Booker T. Washington High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he won four state titles and the 1977 Junior National championship.
He never lost a match from seventh grade through the end of high school and finished with a record of 140-0-1.
As an All-American at OSU, Monday won the NCAA title in 1984 at 150 pounds.
He won the 1989 World Championship and a series of USA Freestyle championships in 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1996.
Monday was a silver medalist in the 1992 Olympics and placed sixth in the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics.
In 2001, Monday was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.
On March 28, 1997, Monday competed in a mixed martial arts bout defeating John Lewis by TKO in round two at Extreme Fighting 4, which was held in Des Moines, Iowa.
Monday has also worked as the wrestling coach with the Blackzilians, a mixed martial arts camp based in Boca Raton, Florida.
He is married to Sabrina Goodwin Monday (National Sales Director for Mary Kay Cosmetics) and has three children.
Both his sons would become NCAA Division I wrestlers.
His oldest son Kennedy wrestled for the University of North Carolina, and his younger son Quincy currently wrestles for Princeton University.
Monday currently resides in North Carolina.
On August 15, 2022, Monday was announced as the head wrestling coach at Morgan State University.
Submission grappling record.
His novel "Fools Crow" (1986) received several national literary awards, and his debut novel "Winter in the Blood" (1974) was adapted as a film by the same name, released in 2013.
In 1997 Welch received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers' Circle of the Americas.
Early life.
James Welch was born in Browning, Montana on November 18, 1940.
Both also had Irish ancestry but had grown up within Native American cultures.
As a child, Welch attended schools on the Blackfeet and Fort Belknap reservations.
Because Welch was raised in an American Indian setting, the traditions and religion, specifically from the Blackfoot history, were the sources of his writing.
Education.
In 1958, James Welch graduated from Washburn High School in Minneapolis.
Post high school he worked as a firefighter for the U.S Forest Service, as a laborer and as an Upward Bound counselor.
Eventually, Welch began a master of fine arts degree program at the University of Montana.
It was there that he studied under the poet Richard Hugo, who told him that "his poetry needed roots, so he should write what he knew about.
Write about Indians and Indian culture.
Write about home" he said.
He graduated in 1965 with a B.A. in liberal arts.
Shortly after, Welch published his first poem in the "Montana poet" issue of "Visions International" in 1967.
He also briefly attended Northern Montana College.
Career.
He began his writing career publishing poetry and fiction.
His novels established his place in the Native American Renaissance literary movement.
Welch also taught at the university.
He also received Honorary Doctorates from Rocky Mountain College (1993) and the University of Montana (1997).
James Welch was an internationally acclaimed writer and had a faithful following in Europe.
In 1995, Welch was given the "Chevalier de l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres" (Knight of the Order of the Arts and Letters) by the French Cultural Ministry.
His novels were translated into nine foreign languages.
Welch's work was collected in Nothing but the Truth, an Anthology of Native American Literature.
He is one of the early authors of what became called the Native American literary renaissance.
He wanted to explore Native American life in his writing, both its good and bad aspects as people struggled with modern United States culture.
He based his rich landscape imagery on lands he knew in Montana.
In his writing, the landscape was featured as a character.
Welch had a unique style of writing from "'an outside observer with an insider's understanding' of Native American experience."
Although he was raised on the reservation as a young boy, he lived most of his life off of it.
He said that he felt a lack of close connection with the tribal community.
In 1968, James Welch married Lois Monk, a comparative literature professor at the University of Montana.
She was head of the English Department there until her retirement.
During her sabbaticals, they traveled internationally and lived in France, Greece, Italy, and Mexico.
Welch often used these periods to help finish his novels, taking advantage of the relative isolation.
The couple donated regularly to the Piegan Institute's language immersion program, dedicated to restoring use of the native Blackfeet language.
Welch briefly attended Northern Montana College.
In addition to his novels, Welch co-wrote with Paul Stekler the screenplay for "Last Stand at Little Bighorn", the Emmy Award-winning documentary that was part of the "American Experience," shown on PBS.
Welch served on the board of directors of the D'Arcy McNickle Center of the Newberry Library in Chicago.
Death.
James Welch died of lung cancer at the age of sixty-two in Missoula, Montana, on Monday, August 4, 2003.
Poetry and Novels.
When he began his writing, Indian authors were unknown in mainstream literary culture.
You might say my senses were really brought alive by that culture.
I learned more about it than I knew I did.
It was only after I began writing about it that I realize that I had learned.
I knew quite a bit, in certain ways, about the Blackfeet and Gros Ventre ways of life."
His only collection of poetry, "Riding the Earthboy 40" (1971), is deeply ingrained in the steppe of Montana.
Shortened but expressive, the poems arrive in an instant of thought or experience that handles seasons, animals, and the stories that reservation Native Americans tell.
After writing poetry "exclusively for seven or eight years," Welch turned his attention towards fiction and his first novel, "Winter in the Blood", a severe narrative about a nameless youth living on a reservation in northern Montana.
"Winter in the Blood" (1974) attracted immediate critical interest, and, in 1977, scholars discussed the novel at the annual Modern Language Association convention.
The notes from the session were released a year after the seminar in a special symposium issue of American Indian Quarterly, edited by Peter G Beidler.
The unnamed narrator is, like Welch, a mix of Blackfoot and Gros Ventre Indian.
He calls himself a "servant to a memory of death."
Welch writes part of his own family's history into his third novel, "Fools Crow."
Critics frequently write about how to categorize James Welch, whether to see him as a Native American storyteller or as an American author.
Much of Welch's fiction pivots on the interaction between the American Indian and white America.
Tribute.
He was a merchant who improved spinning methods in Devon.
Tournament Schafkopf (, "Preisschafkopf" or "Schafkopfrennen") is an organised form of the popular card game, Schafkopf, in which large numbers of players compete for prizes.
Such tournaments are mainly held in countries where Schafkopf is popular such as Germany, Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic.
Schafkopf tournaments and German law.
According to section 284 of the "Strafgesetzbuch" (penal code) in German law, Schafkopf is not a game of chance (gambling game) since all the cards are dealt, and there is thus no legal objection.
The organisation of Schafkopf tournaments is governed by German commercial law, especially section 33d of the "Gewerbeordnung" (GewO, licensing requirements), and section 5a of the "Spielverordnung" (gaming regulations).
Also, as a leisure event, Schafkopf tournaments in Bavaria must in principle also be reported in accordance with Article 19 of the Bavarian LStVG law (competent authorities are the county or municipal authorities).
Special rules.
In the 'Plus Only' system only the points won are recorded.
Fundamentally the normal game (called a "Rufspiel" or "Sauspiel") is worth 1 point and solo games are worth 2 (or even 4) points.
In addition, "Schneider" and "Schwarz" each score an additional point.
If a team has "Matadors", these also score additional points.
The maximum number of Matadors varies, depending on the rules, between 4 (only the Obers are counted) and 14 (all the trumps are counted).
Also the matadors are scored variably or even not at all in a Solo game.
Rounds and prizes.
In Tournament Schafkopf there is usually a draw for two (or more) rounds of play with a fixed number of games divisible by four (often 32 or 40).
At big tournaments there will also be knockout rounds and finals.
The winner(s) receive hierarchical prizes of money or gifts funded by the entry fees.
The player coming last, and sometimes the one coming second last too, may receive a consolation prize.
Table points.
In large tournaments, the 'position' of each player at his or her table is usually scored as well (i.e. the first-placed player at a table receives 40 additional points, the second-placed player 30, etc.).
Often these 'table points' are much more important than the actual game points.
Tournament series and championships.
In the absence of a regular league, various tournament series have been established.
The results of the participants are recorded in rankings and the best players are invited to a final tournament.
Meanwhile a number of unofficial championship tournaments with different systems of qualification have developed.
The most important of these are probably the Bavarian Championship run by the Bavarian Schafkopf Club and the (unofficial) 'World Championship' which has been held every two years since 2001.
Smithfield, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, was established in 1988.
Club career.
"Here I Am" is a song by British rock band Asking Alexandria.
It was released on 18 March 2016 as the fifth and final single from their album "The Black".
Song meaning.
It's a very honest, open record, and it's like you can see what we've been through releasing this record, and that's what this song's about, and it's kinda like 'I'm here, my hands are up, I'm not hiding anything, I'm not fucking wearing any clothes, I'm fucking fully naked, this is me.'
There's no twists, there's no nothing.
What you see is what you get, and what we're telling you is the truth, as naked and as raw, and as natural, and as everything as it gets.""
Music video.
The video for the single directed by Steven Contreras was released in May 2016.
Career.
In January 2016, Seydi joined Swiss Challenge League side FC Aarau on trial, before then signing an 18-month contract with Maltese club Birkirkara, on 29 January 2016.
In August 2016, it is reported that Seydi is currently undergoing a trial in Indonesian club Persib Bandung.
Larteguy is credited with first envisioning the "ticking time bomb" scenario of torture in his 1960 novel "Les centurions".
Biography.
Both his father and uncle had served in the First World War.
He remained there for nine months and spent time in a Francoist jail before joining the Free French Forces as an officer in the 1st Commando Group ("1er groupe de commandos").
He remained on active duty for seven years until becoming a captain in the reserves in order to enter the field of journalism.
He covered conflicts in Azerbaijan, Korea, The Holy Land, Indochina, Algeria, and Vietnam.
In Latin America, he reported on various revolutions and insurgencies, and in 1967 encountered Che Guevara shortly before his capture and execution.
In 1955, he received the Albert Londres Prize for journalism.
Writing.
His experiences as a soldier and war correspondent influenced his writing.
Some of the most emphasized topics in his writing are decolonization, nationalism, the expansion of communism, the state of post-war French society, and the unglamorous nature of war.
Published in 1963 it portrays vividly the chaos of civil war in the Congo after the murder of Patrice Lumumba and the conflict between Moise Tshombe's secessionist government and the United Nations Forces.
The novel is very critical of Belgian colonialism and is also a reliable expression of European views of Central Africa after independence.
The former was adapted into a major motion picture in 1966, entitled "Lost Command" and starred Anthony Quinn.
Coram Deo Academy (CDA) is a private Christian school for grades Pre-K to 12.
CDA has three North Texas campuses located in Collin County, Dallas, and Flower Mound.
It is a member of the Association of Classical and Christian Schools.
Academic programs.
Coram Deo Academy consists of a Grammar School (Elementary School, grades PreK-4), Logic School (Middle School, grades 5-8), and Rhetoric School (High School, grades 9-12).
Athletics and fine arts.
Coram Deo Academy offers a number of sports, including basketball, football, track, volleyball, and more.
Fine arts programs include band, choir, speech and debate, drama, visual arts, and more.
I'm Telling the Truth but I'm Lying is a memoir by Nigerian spoken word artist Bassey Ikpi published by Harper Perennial an imprint of HarperCollins in 2019.
Plot.
The book is described as "a deep personal work that chronicles the Nigerian-American author's life living with bipolar II disorder and anxiety, and a woman of color and combating the stigma surrounding it."
The essays cover her difficulties as a young child re-locating from Nigeria to America, struggling with household tensions, depression and hospitalization, leading up to her eventual diagnosis of and treatment for bipolar II disorder.
Development.
On May 4, 2017, it was announced that her first book, a memoir titled "Making Friends With Giants" would be published by Harper Perennial in 2018.
The book, eventually renamed "I'm Telling the Truth But I'm Lying" was published in August 2019.
Reception.
The book became a "New York Times" bestseller.
"Essence" described it as a "stunning essay collection".
The Gal Oya Dam (also known as Inginiyagala Dam) is an embankment dam in the Uva Province of Sri Lanka.
The dam creates one of the largest reservoirs in the country, the Gal Oya Reservoir.
Water from the reservoir is used primarily for irrigation in the Uva and Eastern provinces, in addition to powering a small hydroelectric power station.
Construction of the dam and reservoir began in , completing four years later in .
Dam and reservoir.
The dam is constructed between two hills at the small town of Inginiyagala, measuring and in length and height respectively, consisting of of soil.
The dam, built by Morrison-Knudsen company, creates the Gal Oya Reservoir.
The reservoir, also known as the Inginiyagala Reservoir, and more commonly as the Senanayake Samudraya (after D.S.
Senanayake), has a total storage of and a surface area of .
Power station.
The Children's Museum of Richmond began in 1977 as the Richmond Children's Museum in the Navy Hill School building in downtown Richmond, Virginia.
In 2000, the museum moved to its current location on Broad Street in Richmond.
In 2010 The Children's Museum of Richmond became the first in the country to open a satellite location, at West Broad Village in Short Pump, located in the West End of Richmond.
The Children's Museum of Richmond opened two other satellites in 2012 and 2014 in Chesterfield, Virginia and Fredericksburg, Virginia.
On July 11, 2015, The Short Pump location moved from West Broad Village to Short Pump Town Center.
The Short Pump Town Center location was replaced by Draftcade.
"Mucho gusto" is an instrumental piece originally recorded by Percy Faith for the 1961 album "Mucho Gusto!
More Music of Mexico".
The piece is, like the rest of the album, influenced by Mexican music.
It has a high, galloping tempo and an advanced arrangement, where the melody is played by alternating strings, brass and percussion.
The piece is known for its use of whistles and whips, as well as instruments that are typical of Mexican music, like guitars, maracas and trumpets.
was a papal scribe and type designer in Renaissance Italy.
Very little is known of the circumstances of his life.
He may have started his career as a writing master in Venice, although this has been disputed.
Around 1510 he was a bookseller in Rome.
He was employed as a scribe at the Apostolic Chancery in 1513.
His experience in calligraphy led him to create an influential pamphlet on handwriting in 1522 called "La Operina," which was the first book devoted to writing the italic script known as chancery cursive.
This work, a 32-page woodblock printing, was the first of several such publications.
He turned to printing in 1524 and designed his own italic typefaces for his work, which were widely emulated.
His last printing was dated shortly before the sack of Rome (1527), during which he was probably killed.
His letterforms were revived in the 20th century by designers such as Stanley Morison, Frederic Warde, Robert Slimbach (for example Adobe Jenson italic) and Jonathan Hoefler (in his Requiem Text typeface.)
The italic script presented in "La Operina" was also revived in the 20th century with Alfred Fairbank's book "A Handwriting Manual" (1932), Getty-Dubay italic script, and the work of Gunnlaugur SE Briem.
Works.
Arrigi's Manuscripts and Books as known around 1966.
Elmohamady moved to Premier League club Sunderland in 2010, initially on loan from Egyptian side ENPPI.
He went on to make over 240 league appearances for Sunderland and Hull City before joining Aston Villa during the Summer 2017 transfer window.
He was selected by the Egyptian national team's manager, Hassan Shehata, for his first international appearance in 2007 and has gone on to win 92 caps.
He was part of the Egyptian squads that won the 2008 and 2010 Africa Cup of Nations.
Club career.
ENPPI.
Born in Basyoun, El Gharbia, Egypt, Elmohamady started his youth career at Ghazl El-Mahalla in 2003.
He started to play for the first team in 2004 at the age of 17.
Two years later, he joined ENPPI.
Although he started his career as a striker with Ghazl El Mahalla, he played as a right-sided defender after joining ENPPI.
For a long time, Elmohamady attracted the attention of several European clubs.
However, ENPPI was reluctant to allow him to move to any of them.
In summer 2007, ENPPI turned down an offer from Hertha BSC, because the German side failed to meet the Egyptian club's financial demands.
On 25 November 2008, Elmohamady completed a five-day trial with Premier League side Blackburn Rovers following Rovers' manager Paul Ince's request.
Rovers' new manager, Sam Allardyce, sent a senior official to Egypt to initiate talks with the Egyptian club in January 2009.
However, the deal fell through as Allardyce believed it would be difficult for Elmohamady to make immediate impact.
Sunderland.
Elmohamady impressed Sunderland manager Steve Bruce while on trial with the Premier League side in August 2009.
However, on 31 January 2010, Sunderland failed to sign him.
Belgian side Club Brugge were also interested in the player and had, according to ENPPI, already made an offer.
ENPPI accepted loan bids from both West Bromwich Albion and Sunderland for Elmohamady but while West Brom's offer was larger, Elmohamady chose to go to Sunderland, after being on trial.
He won Man of the Match for his performances against Arsenal and Manchester City.
Due to his impressive start at Sunderland, manager Steve Bruce expressed an interest in signing Elmohamady permanently in the January transfer window.
On 9 June 2011, the permanent contract was officially confirmed by Sunderland, with Elmohamady signing a deal which will keep him at the Stadium of Light until 2014.
Manager Steve Bruce added, "Ahmed has done well in his first season with the club and has shown plenty of potential.
We look forward to helping him grow as a player and I think there is much more to come from him."
Elmohamady fell out of favour following the departure of Bruce in December 2011 and made no starts under his replacement, Martin O'Neill.
Hull City.
On 30 August 2012, Elmohamady moved to Hull City of the Championship on a season-long loan deal, favouring a move which would see him reunited with former Sunderland boss Steve Bruce.
On 1 September, he made his debut for the club at the KC Stadium against Bolton Wanderers.
He also provided two assists during the derby at Elland Road.
On 16 January 2013, Sunderland decided to use the recall-clause.
At the annual awards ceremony on 20 April 2013, at the KC Stadium, Elmohamady was voted as the Player of the Year.
On 10 January 2015, in a match away to West Bromwich Albion, Elmohamady touched the ball just before his goalkeeper Allan McGregor picked it up.
His touch counted as a backpass, resulting in a free kick for the home team inside the penalty area, from which Saido Berahino scored the only goal of the match.
On 23 June 2016, Elmohamady signed a 3-year extension to his contract at Hull City.
Aston Villa.
On 19 July 2017, Elmohamady signed for Aston Villa for an undisclosed fee which would see him reunited with former Hull City boss Steve Bruce again.
He scored his first goal for Aston Villa in the first game of the following season, on 6 August 2018, also against Hull City.
On 28 May 2021, it was announced that Elmohamady would leave Aston Villa at the end of his contract.
In July 2022, Elmohamady returned to Aston Villa in a non-playing role as an ambassador during a pre-season tour of Australia.
International career.
Elmohamady played several times for Egypt U21s and was a participant in the 2007 African Youth Championship which was held in Republic of the Congo.
He was the rising star of the Egyptian team and one of the stars of the tournament despite playing out of position as a forward.
He made his senior international debut in August 2007 at the age of 19 in a friendly against Ivory Coast in Paris.
He was included in Egypt's final 2008 Africa Cup of Nations squad.
The tournament was held in Ghana and Egypt went on to win the competition with Elmohamady featuring as a substitute.
Since then, he has cemented his place in the starting lineup as a right-back or winger.
He started all of Egypt's six matches in the second round of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers.
Personal life.
Elmohamady is married to an Egyptian fashion designer and he has a son named Malik.
In England, Sunderland fans nicknamed him "Elmo".
Elmohamady is a Muslim.
Toykino () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Toykinskoye Rural Settlement, Bolshesosnovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia.
The population was 295 as of 2010.
There are 6 streets.
Geography.
Toykino is located 29 km southwest of Bolshaya Sosnova (the district's administrative centre) by road.
Omar Nguale Ilunga best known as Ion Real Deal (born 1984) is an Italian rapper, boxer and actor, born to a Tunisian mother and a Congolese father.
He sings in Italian and French.
Deepika Kamaiah is an Indian model turned film actress.
She has appeared in South Indian films in addition to Bollywood films.
Kamaiah has been a finalist of Femina Miss India.
She took part in Bigg Boss Kannada in the second season.
Personal life.
Nandineravanda Deepika Kamaiah, a Kodavathi, was born in Bangalore.
Her mother is a school teacher and teaches Kannada.
Deepika Kamaiah is an alumnus of Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal, Bangalore, and completed her B.com from Bishop Cotton Women's Christian College in 2009.
Career.
Modelling and film.
She began her modelling career while she was studying her class 11.
She went on to become one of the finalists in the Femina Miss India South beauty pageant in 2009.
She also won the Lycra MTV Style Awards in 2010.
While she was juggling between her modeling assignments and studies, a film offer came through from a Tamil director, Kulaindai Veerappan for his directorial, "Aanmai Thavarael".
Her role, however, went unnoticed without any recognition from the critics.
Breakthrough.
Kamaiah landed her first major role through the Kannada film "Chingari" (2012), an adaptation of "Taken", directed by Harsha.
She acted alongside Darshan and Bhavana in the lead role.
The film, centered around human trafficking went on to be one of the highest-grossing films for the year.
Her portrayal of Geetha, trapped under human trafficking earned her favorable reviews with Rediff commenting "Deepika comes as a whiff of fresh air and does an adequate job for a newcomer".
The NDTV Movies reviewer praised her for her "hardwork to make her presence felt".
Following this success, she was offered many films in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages.
She accepted a role as the protagonist for the film "Neene Bari Neene" directed by Deepak Thimmaiah.
She also subsequently signed for the upcoming film "Auto Raja" which also stars Ganesh and Bhama in the lead roles.
She is also making her Bollywood debut in the Rajkumar Santoshi directorial "Phata Poster Nikla Hero" which stars Shahid Kapoor and Ileana D'Cruz.
Geography.
The town comes in Union Council Punjab.
The neighbourhood villages are Kot, Said Ali, Tobha.
The town Muqeem Shah is located at centre of the cited Union Council.
.
Name.
The town is named after Syed Peer Muqeem Shah, who is buried here.
History.
There are no reliable sources for the complete history, about the foundation of this town.
However some clues show that the town is very old.
Some graves within the town's graveyard are at least two to three hundred years old.
Population.
The population of the town is of about 15 houses.
The population is now increasing because being a peace full place people are migrating here day by day.
Laguanges.
The majority of the inhabitants are Punjabi speakers.
Professions.
The villagers profession is agriculture i.e. they are cultivators and they work on daily wages in different fields (labour).
A few people have government jobs in police, army and education departments.
Schools and education.
The town has a primary school, a middle school for boys and a primary school for girls.
The education rate is very low.
Therefore, an educational environment needs to be developed in the town.
Castes.
Sayyids.
This city is named after the person who claim descent from the Syed caste.
Notable Persons.
The town's inhabitants are now mainly Muslim, followers of Sunni Sect.
They respect all other sects.
They never support any type sectarianism.
Crops.
IC 2574, also known as Coddington's Nebula, is a dwarf spiral galaxy discovered by American astronomer Edwin Foster Coddington in 1898.
Located in Ursa Major, a constellation in the northern sky, it is an outlying member of the M81 Group.
Barres is one of nine parishes (administrative divisions) in Castropol, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
Short bowel syndrome (SBS, or simply short gut) is a rare malabsorption disorder caused by a lack of functional small intestine.
The primary symptom is diarrhea, which can result in dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss.
Other symptoms may include bloating, heartburn, feeling tired, lactose intolerance, and foul-smelling stool.
Complications can include anemia and kidney stones.
Most cases are due to the surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine.
This is most often required due to Crohn's disease in adults and necrotising enterocolitis in young children.
Other causes include damage to the small intestine from other means and being born with an abnormally short intestine.
It usually does not develop until less than of the normally small intestine remains.
Treatment may include a specific diet, medications, or surgery.
The diet may include slightly salty and slightly sweet liquids, vitamin and mineral supplements, small frequent meals, and the avoidance of high fat food.
Occasionally nutrients need to be given through an intravenous line, known as parenteral nutrition.
Medications used may include antibiotics, antacids, loperamide, teduglutide, and growth hormone.
Different types of surgery, including an intestinal transplant, may help some people.
Short bowel syndrome newly occurs in about three per million people each year.
There are estimated to be about 15,000 people with the condition in the United States.
The prevalence in the United States is approximately 30 cases per million and in Europe it is approximately 1.4 cases per million (but the rate varies widely between countries).
The prevalence of short bowel syndrome has increased by more than 2 fold in the last 40 years.
It is classified as a rare disease by the European Medicines Agency.
Outcomes depend on the amount of bowel remaining and whether or not the small bowel remains connected with the large bowel.
Signs and symptoms.
These may appear as anemia, hyperkeratosis (scaling of the skin), easy bruising, muscle spasms, poor blood clotting, and bone pain.
Causes.
Short bowel syndrome in adults and children is most commonly caused by surgery (intestinal resection).
These surgical complications include internal hernias, volvuli, ischemia or profound hypotension.
Pathophysiology.
The length of the small intestine can vary greatly, from as short as to as long as .
On average it is about .
Due to this variation it is recommended that following surgery the amount of bowel remaining be specified rather than the amount removed.
The resection of specific areas of the small bowel can lead to distinct symptoms in short bowel syndrome.
Loss of the ileocecal valve leads to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO) as bacterial flora normally found in the large intestines migrate proximally and colonize the small intestines leading to further malabsorption.
SIBO leads to malabsorption as the bacteria colonizing the small intestine metabolize nutrients, directly competing with the intestinal absorption of nutrients.
The bacteria colonizing the small intestines in SIBO may also cause bile acid deconjugation leading to malabsorption of lipids.
In a process called intestinal adaptation, physiological changes to the remaining portion of the small intestine occur to increase its absorptive capacity.
These changes usually take place over 1-2 years.
The contributing factors to the osteoporosis include malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency due to malabsorption and vitamin D deficiency due to scarce sunlight exposure due to chronic disability.
Diagnosis.
Definition.
Intestinal failure is decreased intestinal function such that nutrients, water, and electrolytes are not sufficiently absorbed.
Short bowel syndrome is when there is less than of working bowel and is the most common cause of intestinal failure.
Treatments.
Symptoms of short bowel syndrome are usually addressed with medication.
After 24 weeks of successful Phase III patient treatment trials, Teduglutide was shown to be relatively safe and effective with varying degrees of benefits and adverse effects per patient.
Adequate safety evaluations prove to be difficult due to a limited sample size available for study, however.
In 2012, an advisory panel to the USFDA voted unanimously to approve for treatment of SBS the agent teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog developed by NPS Pharmaceuticals, who intend to market the agent in the United States under the brandname Gattex.
Teduglutide had been previously approved for use in Europe and is marketed under the brand Revestive by Nycomed.
Surgical procedures to lengthen dilated bowel include the Bianchi procedure, where the bowel is cut in half and one end is sewn to the other, and a newer procedure called serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP), where the bowel is cut and stapled in a zigzag pattern.
Heung Bae Kim, MD, and Tom Jaksic, MD, both of Children's Hospital Boston, devised the STEP procedure in the early 2000s.
The procedure lengthens the bowel of children with SBS and may allow children to avoid the need for intestinal transplantation.
As of June 2009, Kim and Jaksic have performed 18 STEP procedures.
The Bianchi and STEP procedures are usually performed by pediatric surgeons at quaternary hospitals who specialize in small bowel surgery.
Prognosis.
Some studies suggest that much of the mortality is due to a complication of the total parenteral nutrition (TPN), especially chronic liver disease.
This place is esteemed as sacred by the Shri Vaishnavas on account of its having been the residence of Sri Ramanujacharya.
It is the headquarters of Saligrama Taluk.
It was established as a new taluk carving out of K.R.Nagar taluk with effect from 31.12.2020 and become ninth taluk of Mysore district of Karnataka, India.
A number of religious sites, famous old temples - including Sri Yoga Narasimha Swamy Temple, Sri Ramanuja Sripada Teertham, Sri Jyothirmaheswara Swamy Temple, Jain Basadis, and an Ashram are located in the town.
History.
Swamy Ramanuja arrived in Karnataka where the local tribals received him in this place.
The local people who were averse to Swamy Ramanuja conspired a plan to do away with him.
Swamy Ramanuja learning their evil intentions ordered Mudaliandan Swamy to place his feet in the drinking water pond in that area now called Saligrama.
At Saligrama, by partaking this Sripada theertham, the minds of the evildoers changed and they fell at Swamy Ramanuja lotus feet seeking forgiveness.
Such was the greatness of our Mudaliandan Swamy.
When persecuted by the Chola king Kulottunga, Ramanujacharya is said to have fled the Chola country and first stayed at Vahnipushkarini (the place now known as 'Mirle') from where he moved on to Saligrama.
Etymology.
Swamy Ramanuja named this place as "Saligramam" which is near Melkote.
Even today this pond is maintained by the archakas who ensures that no intruder pollutes the pond by locking the gate.
There is a small temple opposite to this pond in which Swamy Ramanuja's Thiruvadi chuvadugal are worshipped.
There is also a deity of Swamy Ramanuja in Sesharoopa near the garbagriha.
Demographics.
Population.
Literacy.
Growth in population.
Sex ratio.
According to the recent census, there are 1017 females per 1000 males.
The overall sex ratio has gone up by 47 females per 1000 males during the period of 10 years.
The Child sex ratio here has also increased by 170 girls per 1000 boys at the same duration.
For the age group of below 6 years, there are 1060 girls per 1000 boys.
Work profile.
Education.
There is a public library.
A public Post-office is situated and there are many private courier services available here, also, e-market product delivery services are rendered on a daily basis.
Transportation.
State Highway-85, State Highway-108 and State Highway-120 pass through Saligrama town and frequent bus facility is available to Mysore.
A public bus stand along with the private facilities such as - buses, taxies, auto-rickshaws, which makes transportation connectivity easier.
There is no railway connectivity to Saligrama.
Saligrama is located equidistant from Mysuru Junction railway station and Hassan Junction railway station (approx.60 kms).
Nearest major airports are Kannur International Airport, Kerala and Kempegowda International Airport, located at 150 kms and 210 kms, respectively.
Healthcare.
A government hospital and many private clinics are situated.
Also, there are 7 Medicine shops.
He has been recognized posthumously as a major American photographer of the late-20th century.
However, Hujar's work received only marginal public recognition during his lifetime.
Early life.
Hujar was born October 11, 1934 in Trenton, New Jersey to Rose Murphy, a waitress, who was abandoned by her husband during her pregnancy.
He was raised by his Ukrainian grandparents on their farm, where he spoke only Ukrainian until he started school.
He remained on the farm with his grandparents until his grandmother's death in 1946.
He moved to New York City to live with his mother and her second husband.
The household was abusive, and in 1950, when Hujar was 16, he left home and began to live independently.
Education.
Hujar received his first camera in 1947 and in 1953 entered the School of Industrial Art where he expressed interest in being a photographer.
Apart from classes in photography during high school, Hujar's photographic education and technical mastery was acquired in commercial photo studios.
By 1957, when he was age 23 he was making photographs now considered to be of museum quality.
Early in 1967, he was one of a select group of young photographers in a master class taught by Richard Avedon and Marvin Israel, where he met Alexey Brodovitch and Diane Arbus.
Artistic career.
In 1958, Hujar accompanied the artist Joseph Raffael on a Fulbright to Italy.
In 1963, he secured his own Fulbright and returned to Italy with Paul Thek, where they explored and photographed the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, classic images featured in his 1975 book "Portraits in Life and Death."
In 1964, Hujar returned to America and became a chief assistant in the studio of the commercial photographer Harold Krieger.
Around this time, he met Andy Warhol, posed for four of Warhol's three-minute "Screen Tests" and was included in the compilation film "The Thirteen Most Beautiful Boys" that was assembled from "Screen Tests".
In 1967, Hujar quit his job in commercial photography, and at great financial sacrifice, began to pursue primarily his own art work that reflected his homosexual milieu.
Also at the urging of Fouratt, he took the now somewhat ironic photo "Come out!!" for the Gay Liberation Front, or GLF, but it was the extent of his involvement with the group.
In 1973, he moved into a loft above The Eden Theater at 189 2nd Avenue in the East Village, where he lived for the rest of his life.
In the late-1970s and early-1980s he frequented the bohemian art world of Downtown Manhattan, shooting portraits of the artists there such as drag queen actor Divine and writers, such as Susan Sontag, William Burroughs, Fran Lebowitz, and Vince Aletti.
In 1975, Hujar published "Portraits in Life and Death," with an introduction by Sontag.
After a tepid reception, the book became a classic in American photography.
The rest of the 1970s was a period of prolific work.
Hujar remained instrumental in all phases of Wojnarowicz's emergence as an important young artist.
Another artist closely linked with Hujar is Robert Mapplethorpe.
Both artists were gay, white men who excelled at portrait photography and made unashamedly homoerotic work that walked the line between pornography and fine art, but they were structural opposites.
Hujar had a wide array of subjects in his photography, including cityscapes and urban still lifes, animals, nudes, abandoned buildings, and European ruins.
His photography, which was mostly in black and white, has been described as conveying an intimacy, suggestive of both love and loss.
One aspect of this intimate quality was Hujar's ability to connect with his sitters.
In other words, blistering, blazing honesty directed towards the lens.
No pissing about.
No posing.
No putting anything on.
No camping around.
Just flat, real who-you-are...You must strip down all the nonsense until you get to the bone.
Usually, his subjects either were sitting or posing in a recumbent way.
Death from AIDS.
In January 1987, Hujar was diagnosed with AIDS.
He died 10 months later at age 53 on November 25 at Cabrini Medical Center in New York.
His funeral was held at Church of St. Joseph in Greenwich Village, and he was buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.
Hujar willed his estate to his friend Stephen Koch.
The first retrospective of Hujar's work came in 1994 in the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam in 1994.
Lewiston is a city in Winona County, Minnesota, United States.
The population was 1,620 at the 2010 census.
History.
A post office called Lewiston has been in operation since 1872.
The city was named for Jonathan Smith Lewis, a pioneer settler.
Lewiston was incorporated in 1873.
Lewiston - the first stop on the Winona-Rochester stagecoach line - was an important source of support for those travelers.
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics. 2010 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,622 people, 600 households, and 428 families living in the city.
The population density was .
There were 634 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.15.
The median age in the city was 36.2 years. 2000 census.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,484 people, 538 households, and 392 families living in the city.
The population density was .
There were 563 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.19.
The median age was 35 years.
For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.
Religion.
St. John's Lutheran Church is a member of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) in Lewiston.
Immanuel Lutheran Church is a member of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (LCMS) in Lewiston.
Education.
St. John's Lutheran School is a preschool and K-8 school operated by the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) in Lewiston.
Immanuel Lutheran School (Silo) is a K-8 school operated by the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (LCMS) in Lewiston.
"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" is the debut solo single by American rapper Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott.
It was written and composed by Don Bryant, Bernard "Bernie" Miller, Elliott, and producer Timbaland for her debut album "Supa Dupa Fly" (1997) and contains a sample of Ann Peebles' 1973 single "I Can't Stand the Rain", whose lyrics serve as the chorus.
The song was released to US radio stations on May 20, 1997, and the Hype Williams-directed video was released to video shows starting June 3, 1997.
It peaked at number 51 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart the following week.
It was released as the album's lead single on July 2, 1997, and reached the top twenty in the United Kingdom and New Zealand.
Critical reception.
Larry Flick from "Billboard" wrote, "Elliott commits more than a misdemeanor with her first solo single, "The Rain".
Having scored a handful of hits writing and producing for such acts as Aaliyah, 702, SWV and Ginuwine, Elliott attempts to hide the fact that she was lazy with her own lyrics and depended on a Timbaland beat to save her.
The result is a little of her infamous wordplay atop an ineffectual bass, snare, and drum beat.
One can only hope that she puts more time and effort into her upcoming album, "Hit 'Em With The Heat", as we don't want to see such a rising star burn out so fast."
VH1 ranked the song 99th on "VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s".
In 2010 Pitchfork Media included the song at number 33 on their "Top 200 Tracks of the 90s".
"Stereogum" and "Paste" ranked the song number three and number four, respectively, on their lists of the 10 greatest Missy Elliott Songs.
In 2021, it was listed at No. 453 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
Music video.
The breakout music video for the song was the first of Missy's career directed by Hype Williams.
The video was designed by Ron Norsworthy.
The most notable aspect of the video is the patent leather blow up suit, which resembles an inflated trash bag that Missy wears during a fisheye lens shot.
Timbaland, Tamara Johnson-George of SWV, Yo-Yo, Lil' Kim, Total, 702, Da Brat, Lil' Cease, and Sean Combs all make cameos.
The video was nominated for Best Rap Video at the 1997 MTV Video Music Awards but lost to The Notorious B.I.G. 's "Hypnotize".
Legacy.
The song was used in a 2016 Coca-Cola commercial featuring professional golfer Jordan Spieth.
At the 2019 MTV Video Music Awards, Elliot performed a medley of her songs, including "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)".
Working with her husband Irving Ravetch, Frank received many awards during her career, including the New York Film Critics Circle Awards and the Writers Guild of America Award, and several nominations.
Frank began her writing career after World War II, under Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's young writer's training program, where she first met her future husband.
She married Ravetch in 1946 but worked independently for ten years, finally collaborating with him in 1957, a relationship that continued for the remainder of her career.
During 33 years of collaboration, Frank and Ravetch created the screenplays for a variety of films, mainly adaptations of the works of American authors.
Frank and Ravetch maintained a close working relationship with director Martin Ritt, collaborating with him on eight film projects.
The last was both the last film directed by Ritt (who died later that year) and the last screenplay by Frank and Ravetch.
Life and career.
Early life.
Harriet Frank Jr. was born and raised in Portland, Oregon, the daughter of Edith Frances (Bergman) and Sam Goldstein, a shoe store owner.
Her mother changed the family name to Frank, and her own name to Harriet, making herself Harriet, Sr. and her daughter Harriet, Jr.
Having graduated at different times from UCLA, the two met in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer young writers' training program after World War II.
The couple married in 1946, but worked independently for over 10 years, with Frank writing for projects such as "A Really Important Person" (short, 1947), "Whiplash" (1948) and "Run for Cover" (1955).
The couple first collaborated on the script of an adaptation of William Faulkner's novel "The Hamlet", released as "The Long, Hot Summer" (1958), but Frank later said "in the end, we created mostly new material, so it wasn't really a true adaptation".
Collaborations.
Martin Ritt, having directed "The Long, Hot Summer" on suggestion by Ravetch, then directed the couple's next collaboration "The Sound and the Fury" (1959), again an adaptation of a William Faulkner novel.
Frank and Ravetch collaborated on two films released in 1960, "Home from the Hill", an adaptation of the novel of the same name, and "The Dark at the Top of the Stairs", an adaptation of a Tony award-winning play.
Frank and Ravetch reunited with Martin Ritt to write the screenplay for "Hud" (1963), adapted from the novel "Horseman, Pass By" (1961) by Larry McMurtry.
The film received positive reviews by the critics, with the couple sharing a New York Film Critics Circle Award for "Best Screenplay" and a Writers Guild of America Award (WGA Award) for Best Written American Drama.
They were nominated for an Academy Award in the category of Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium.
Frank worked alongside her husband and Ritt on "Hombre" (1967), a Revisionist Western based on the novel of the same name.
The next year, Frank and Ravetch wrote the screenplay for "House of Cards" (1968, released in the U.S. the following year and directed by John Guillermin.
For "House of Cards", Frank was credited, together with her husband, under the pen name of James P. Bonner.
Frank and Ravetch returned to the works of William Faulkner, writing the screenplay for a film adaptation of his last novel "The Reivers" (1969).
Frank and Ravetch wrote the screenplay for "The Cowboys" (1972), based on the novel of the same name, and "The Carey Treatment" (also 1972), based on the novel "A Case of Need" by Michael Crichton.
For the latter, the couple were credited under James P. Bonner, the last time they adopted the pen name.
The couple reunited with Martin Ritt to write the screenplay for "Conrack" (1974), based on the autobiographical book "The Water Is Wide", with Frank also working as producer.
The film was commercially and critically well-received, winning a BAFTA award.
The couple wrote for an adaptation of the novel "The Bank Robber", released as "The Spikes Gang" (also 1974).
Later screenplays.
Frank and Ravetch next project, "Norma Rae" (1979), was another collaboration with director Martin Ritt.
The film tells the story of a factory worker from the Southern United States who becomes involved in labour union activities.
Unusually, for the couple, the film was based on a true story, that of Crystal Lee Jordan.
It was arguably their best received film, winning numerous awards, including two Academy Awards.
Another six years passed before the couple's next filmed screenplay, this time for the romantic comedy "Murphy's Romance" (1985), based on a novel by Max Schott.
They worked again with director Martin Ritt, their seventh project together, and with Sally Field, who played the titular lead role in "Norma Rae".
Death.
Frank Jr. died at her home in Los Angeles on January 28, 2020, at age 96.
Legacy.
Together, the trio of Frank, Ravetch and Ritt had collaborated on eight films and achieved considerable successes.
In a career spanning 43 years and 21 film productions, Harriet Frank Jr. won four awards and received many nominations, sharing them all with her husband.
Mestanolone, also known as methylandrostanolone and sold under the brand names Androstalone and Ermalone among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is mostly no longer used.
It is still available for use in Japan however.
It is taken by mouth.
Side effects of mestanolone include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.
It can also cause liver damage.
The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
It has strong androgenic effects and weak anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing masculine psychological and behavioral effects.
The drug has no estrogenic effects.
Mestanolone was discovered in 1935 and was introduced for medical use in the 1950s.
In addition to its medical use, mestanolone has been used to improve physique and performance.
It was used in East Germany in Olympic athletes as part of a state-sponsored doping program in the 1970s and 1980s.
The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.
Medical uses.
Available forms.
Pharmacology.
Pharmacodynamics.
Mestanolone is an AAS, with both androgenic and anabolic effects.
The drug also has no progestogenic activity.
Pharmacokinetics.
Chemistry.
Side effects.
Side effects of mestanolone include virilization and hepatotoxicity among others.
History.
Mestanolone was first synthesized in 1935 along with methyltestosterone and methandriol.
It was developed by Roussel in the 1950s and was introduced for medical use, under the brand names Androstalone and Ermalone, by at least 1960.
It was marketed in Germany.
The drug was originally thought to be a potent anabolic agent, but subsequent research showed that it actually has relatively weak anabolic effects and is mostly an androgen.
Mestanolone was used as a doping agent in athletes competing in the Olympics from East Germany due to a state-sponsored doping program in the 1970s and 1980s.
Its value is said to have been less as a muscle-builder and more as an androgen in the central nervous system and neuromuscular interaction, improving speed, strength, aggression, focus, endurance, and stress resilience.
Today, mestanolone has mostly been discontinued in medicine, though it is still available in Japan.
Society and culture.
Generic names.
"Mestanolone" is the generic name of the drug and its , , and .
Brand names.
Mestanolone was marketed under the brand names Andoron, Androstalone, Ermalone, Mesanolon, and Notandron among many others.
Availability.
He wrote under the pseudonym "Ganbar".
Life.
Abdulla Pasha Janizade (or Janioglu) was born in the city of Shusha in 1782.
Abdullah, whose main occupation was trade, was close friends with representatives of the progressive intelligentsia, poets, musicians, and singers.
He wrote many poems both in classical and lyrical style.
There are also folk and satirical poems.
But it is most famous for its epigrams.
A number of his works he published under the pseudonym "Ganbar".
Flowering Orchards is a series of paintings which Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh executed in Arles, in southern France in the spring of 1888.
Appreciating the symbolism of rebirth, Van Gogh worked with optimism and zeal on about fourteen paintings of flowering trees in the early spring.
He enjoyed them aesthetically and found joy in painting flowering trees.
The 'trees and orchards in bloom' paintings that he made reflect Impressionist, Divisionist and Japanese woodcut influences.
Flowering trees and orchards.
When Van Gogh arrived in Arles in February 1888, the area's fruit trees in the orchards were about to bloom.
The blossoms of the apricot, peach and plum trees motivated him, and within a month he had created fourteen paintings of blossoming fruit trees.
Excited by the subject matter, he completed nearly one painting a day.
Around April 21 Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo, that he "will have to seek something new, now the orchards have almost finished blossoming."
In 1888 Van Gogh became inspired in southern France and began the most productive period of his painting career.
He sought the brilliance and light of the sun which would obscure the detail, simplifying the subjects.
Arles, he said, was "the Japan of the South."
Van Gogh found in the south that colors were more vivid.
In "Almond Tree in Blossom," Vincent used the light, broken strokes of impressionism and the dabs of colour of divisionism for a sparkling surface effect.
The distinctive contours of the tree and its position in the foreground recall the formal qualities of Japanese prints."
The southern region and the flowering trees seems to have awakened Van Gogh from his doldrums into a state of clear direction, hyper-activity and good cheer.
While in the past a very active period would have drained him, this time he was invigorated.
To paint the flowering orchards, Van Gogh contended with the winds which were so strong that he drove pegs into the ground to which he fastened his easel.
Even so, he found painting the orchards "too lovely" to miss.
Flowering orchard triptych.
Van Gogh may have envisioned several triptychs of his paintings of orchards and flowering trees.
However, only one triptych grouping has been documented, one which Vincent envisioned and sketched for Theo's apartment.
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger displayed them in the apartment according to Van Gogh's sketch, the vertical "Pink Peach Tree" between the "Pink Orchard" and the "White Orchard".
"Pink Orchard".
In Paris, Van Gogh had learned to paint more than what one sees, but what it should be.
He felt "Pink Orchard" was an example of wise use of that technique, such as leaving a field blank behind the orchard to create the feeling of distance.
The way in which he outlined the bark of the tree indicates influence of the Japanese prints that he greatly admired.
Using an Impressionist technique of placing colors side by side, Van Gogh makes short dots or brush strokes of colors to represent grass.
On the top of the tree he uses rougher, more impasto brushstrokes to represent the colorful blossoms.
Vincent asked Theo to "shave off" some of the impasto in this painting.
Apparently he did not reline, a process of heavy pressure and heat to flatten the surface, because sharp edges of thick impasto remain on the canvas.
"Pink Peach Tree".
In the "Pink Peach Tree", center of the triptych, the bright pink in the painting has faded over time and looks more white than pink now.
My brush stroke has no system at all.
I hit the canvas with irregular touches of the brush, which I leave as they are.
"White Orchard".
Continuing on with his paintings of orchards, Van Gogh wrote, "At the moment I am working on some plum trees, yellowish-white, with thousands of black branches."
The sun shone in between, and all the little white flowers sparkled.
It was so lovely.
My friend the Dane came to join me, and I went on painting at the risk and peril of seeing the whole show on the ground at any moment - it's a white effect with a good deal of yellow in it, and blue and lilac, the sky white and blue."
Van Gogh chose "Blossoming Pear Tree" as the center piece of a grouping, However, there is no information linking this painting to any others.
A stone wall and a few trees can be seen to the rear, while to the left is a fence in front of a garden near a pink-yellow house.
The large, flat yellow butterfly among the flowers to the right of the trunk is also noteworthy.
The decorative painting, with the small tree in the foreground, the high vantage point and the lack of depth, is strongly influenced by the art of the Japanese printmakers, which Van Gogh admired enormously.
It is difficult to overstate the impact that Japanese art had on Van Gogh.
In a letter to Theo, he said, "All my work is in a way founded on Japanese art, and we do not know enough about Japanese prints.
In decadence in its own country, pigeonholed in collections already impossible to find in Japan itself, Japanese art is taking root again among French Impressionist artists."
Specific trees.
"Almond Tree in Blossom".
Van Gogh writes of the weather and that the almond trees are coming into full flower, "The weather here is changeable, often windy with turbulent skies, but the almond trees are beginning to flower everywhere."
The rendering of "Almond Tree in Blossom" is positioned close and accessible to the viewer, and the branches appear to extend beyond the painting's frame.
A yellow butterfly flits among the pink blossoms growing on the red branches.
The subject is reminiscent of an earlier painting which Van Gogh made in Paris depicting flowering trees.
"Apricot Trees in Blossom" was made in April 1888.
It is now held in a private collection.
Peach trees.
In addition to "Pink Peach Tree" (F404) in the triptych, Van Gogh painted two other paintings of peach trees and a watercolor.
"Orchard with Peach Trees in Blossom".
The Van Gogh Museum's version of "Orchard with Peach Trees in Blossom" was painted in April.
This may be the painting that Van Gogh referred to as one with a great deal of stippling that depicts an orchard surrounded by cypress trees.
If so, Van Gogh intended it to be paired with another painting of the same size.
"Pink Peach Tree, Souvenir to Mauve".
Van Gogh wrote of "Pink Peach Tree in Blossom (Souvenir de Mauve)" that he completed in March, "I have been working on a size 20 canvas in the open air in an orchard, lilac ploughland, a reed fence, two pink peach trees against a sky of glorious blue and white.
Probably the best landscape I have done.
I had just brought it home when I received from our sister a Dutch notice in memory of Anton Mauve, with his portrait (the portrait, very good), the text, poor and nothing in it a pretty water color.
Something - I don't know what - took hold of me and brought a lump to my throat, and I wrote on my picture, 'Souvenir de Mauve'."
Van Gogh knew Anton Mauve during his stay in The Hague.
Mauve had taken an interest in Van Gogh and encouraged him to work in color.
Van Gogh asked that "Pink Peach Tree" be sent to Mauve's widow Jet.
To his sister Wil, Van Gogh explained that he chose the particular painting because of the "delicate palette" to express his deep fondness.
"It seemed to me that everything in memory of Mauve must be at once tender and very gay, and not a study in a graver key."
"Orchard in Blossom (Plum Trees)".
The presence of the glittery white blossoms and absence of leaves indicate that Van Gogh made this painting shortly after the tree flowered.
The painting reflects Impressionist influences in the use of short brush strokes and projection of light.
"Orchard in Blossom, Bordered by Cypresses".
My brush stroke has no system at all.
I hit the canvas with irregular touches of the brush, which I leave as they are.
Other flowering orchard paintings.
"Orchard in Blossom" (F406).
"Orchard in Blossom" (F406) was painted for Theo for May Day with "a frenzy of impastos of the faintest yellow and lilac on the original white mass."
"Orchard in Blossom" (F511).
The Van Gogh Museum's version of "Orchard in Blossom" was painted in April.
Vincent asked Theo to "shave off" some of the impasto in this painting.
Apparently he did not reline, a process of heavy pressure and heat to flatten the surface, because sharp edges of thick impasto remain on the painting.
"View of Arles, Flowering Orchards".
Van Gogh painted "View of Arles, Flowering Orchards" in spring 1889.
It provides a view across a canal, with poplar trees along its banks, toward the historical center of Arles, with the towers of Saint-Trophime and Notre-Dame-le-major to the left, contrasted by recent building of the casern housing the Zouave Regiment to the right.
Van Gogh incorporated this painting in his selection of works to be displayed at Les XX, in Brussels 1890.
"Flowering Orchard".
The Metropolitan Museum of Art notes that "Flowering Orchard" is one of only two orchard paintings from Van Gogh's orchard series that alludes to human labor, in this instance by including a scythe and a rake.
Japanese influence is understood from Van Gogh's stylized treatment and motif.
The painting is also known as "Orchard in Blossom", another English translation of its French title.
"View of Arles with Trees in Blossom".
HMS "Orestes" was a Repeat which served in the Royal Navy during the First World War.
The M class were an improvement on the previous , capable of higher speed.
The vessel was launched on 21 March 1916 and joined the Grand Fleet.
"Orestes" was involved in seeking submarines in the North Sea, patrolling both independently and as part of large operations.
The destroyer did not report any submarines destroyed, but did rescue the survivors from Q-ship after that vessel had successfully sunk the submarine in a duel in March 1917.
Later in the war, the focus was turned to escorting merchant ships and the destroyer helped secure convoys that crossed the Atlantic Ocean.
After the Armistice that marked the end of the First World War, the destroyer was placed into reserve until being, on 30 January 1921, decommissioned and sold to be broken up.
Design and development.
"Orestes" was one of twenty-two Repeat destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in November 1914 as part of the Third War Construction Programme.
The M-class was an improved version of the earlier destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers.
The design was to achieve a speed of , although the destroyers did not achieve this in service.
It transpired that the German ships did not exist but the greater performance was appreciated by the navy.
The Repeat M class differed from the prewar vessels in having a raked stem and design improvements based on wartime experience.
The destroyer had a length of between perpendiculars and overall, with a beam of and a draught of at deep load.
Displacement was normal and deep load.
Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Brown-Curtis steam turbines rated at and driving three shafts, to give a design speed of .
Three funnels were fitted and of oil was carried, giving a design range of at .
Armament consisted of three single QF Mk IV guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels on a bandstand.
A single QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun was carried, while torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for torpedoes.
The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings.
Construction and career.
The destroyer was the sixth Royal Navy ship to be named after Orestes, the son of Clytemnestra, husband of Hermione, and king of Argos in Greek mythology.
The vessel was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla based at Scapa Flow "Orestes" was soon in action and, on 10 November 1916, joined sister ship and light cruiser in a search for the German merchant ship SS "Brandenburg".
The destroyer was subsequently deployed in anti-submarine warfare based at the naval base in Portsmouth.
On 1 February 1917, "Orestes" started to patrol off the coast of Cornwall in response to a sighting of the submarine , which was deemed a threat to shipping.
Fifteen days later, the destroyer attacked the submarine , but the enemy boat escaped unscathed.
Patrols continued in the English Channel into the next month, but no further contact with submarines was made.
On 12 March, the destroyer rescued survivors from after the Q-ship had duelled with and both had been fatally damaged.
The destroyer attempted to tow the stricken ship but was unsuccessful and "Privet" sank off Plymouth Sound.
Increasingly, patrols had not provided the security needed to shipping and the Admiralty redeployed the destroyers of the Grand Fleet to focus on the more effective convoy model.
By 29 March, "Orestes" was one of only three left patrolling the North Sea seeking submarines.
On 15 June, the vessel, along with the rest of the flotilla, was involved in a large sweep of the area west of the Shetland Islands searching for submarines, although "Orestes" was attached to the Eleventh Destroyer Flotilla.
The destroyer did not sight any submarines.
Shortly afterwards, the destroyer was transferred to the Northern Division of the Coast of Ireland Station at Buncrana.
This allowed the destroyer to support the convoys travelling across the Atlantic Ocean from the American industrial complex at Hampton Roads.
The harsh conditions of wartime operations, particularly the combination of high speed and the poor weather that is typical of the North Sea, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the destroyer soon worn out from such service.
After the armistice, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of service and "Orestes" was declared superfluous to operational requirements.
The destroyer was initially transferred back to Portsmouth on 17 October 1919 and placed in reserve.
The National Children's Cancer Society (NCCS) is an American charity based in St. Louis, Missouri, which provides emotional, financial and educational support to children with cancer, their families and survivors.
The group was initially founded in 1987 to help pay for the then relatively new bone marrow transplantation procedure for children, which was at the time not covered by most American health insurance.
God in a Pill?
Meher Baba on L.S.D. and The High Roads was a 1966 pamphlet containing messages from Meher Baba speaking out against taking drugs such as marijuana and LSD, ultimately saying they were harmful "physically, mentally, and spiritually."
The pamphlet was published in 1966 by Sufism Reoriented using quotes by Meher Baba where he disparaged the view that hallucinogenic and psychedelic drugs, especially LSD, but also marijuana, psilocybin, and other drugs, might be used to elicit meaningful spiritual insight.
Meher Baba wrote, "If God can be found through the medium of any drug, God is not worthy of being God."
It was compiled from letters to several academics in the West including Allan Cohen, Robert Dreyfuss and Richard Alpert.
The pamphlet went out of print, but in 2003 the material was republished in "A Mirage Will Never Quench Your Thirst, A Source of Wisdom About Drugs" by Laurent Weichberger (Sheriar Foundation, 2003).
The new book has material not contained in the original "God in A Pill?" and a section entitled "God in A Pill?
Revisited", which reprints those quotes from "God in A Pill?" which were directly from Meher Baba related to drugs.
History.
Meher Baba's name spread throughout the Counterculture of the 1960s, his image appearing in the documentary film "Woodstock", on posters and inspiration cards of the era, and on the cover of "Rolling Stone".
In the mid-1960s Meher Baba became concerned about the rising use of illicit drugs in the West.
In correspondence he told several academics, including Richard Alpert, not only to stop using drugs, but to help others to get off drugs.
Meher Baba emphatically told several disciples not only to cease taking hallucinogenic drugs, but also to spread his word that drugs were harmful physically, mentally, and spiritually.
Laddonia is a city in Audrain County, Missouri, United States.
The population was 513 at the 2010 census.
History.
Laddonia was laid out in 1871.
It was named for Amos Ladd, an early settler, and his wife, Onia.
A post office has been in operation at Laddonia since 1871.
Geography.
Laddonia is located at (39.240331, -91.643501).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics. 2010 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 513 people, 226 households, and 140 families living in the city.
The population density was .
There were 274 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.88.
The median age in the city was 44.4 years. 2000 census.
As of the census of 2000, there were 620 people, 254 households, and 170 families living in the city.
The population density was .
There were 278 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.95.
The median age was 38 years.
For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
Education.
Public education is administered by Community R-VI School District, which operates Community Elementary School in Laddonia.
Laddonia has a lending library, a branch of the Mexico-Audrain Library District.
Early life and education.
Giousouf was born on 5 May 1978 in Leverkusen to ethnic Turkish Gastarbeiter parents, who immigrated in the 1970s from Greece, where they lived as a minority in Western Thrace.
Soon after her birth, Giousouf was sent back to her uncle in Greece.
At the age of two, Giousouf returned to her family in Germany.
Giousouf has a brother.
In addition to her German citizenship, Giousouf also holds Greek citizenship.
Following the completion of her high school education in Leverkusen with the Abitur, Giousouf studied political science, social science and Islamic science at the University of Bonn.
Professional career.
In 2008, Giousouf was employed as consultant in the State Ministry of Generations, Family, Women and Integration of North Rhine-Westphalia under the leadership of State Minister Armin Laschet.
At the ministry, Giousouf was in charge of the "Women with Immigration History" dossier.
From 2009, Giousouf served as consultant in the Department of Integration at the Ministry of Integration and Social Welfare of the same state.
Political career.
During her university years, Giousouf was active in the German-Turkish Forum, a subordinate organization of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
In 2008, Giousouf was elected vice chairperson of the organization's North Rhine-Westphalia branch, to which she belonged since 2004.
Giousouf was also active in the CDU's several other local organizations as well as in the city administration of Aachen.
Giousouf entered CDU's federal-level organization in 2011, where she was active on integration matters.
On 30 June 2012 Giousouf was elected to the executive board of CDU state organization in North Rhine-Westphalia.
In 2013, the local organization of CDU in Hagen nominated Giousouf for the federal elections.
In the next two preliminary inner-party elections, Giousouf was able to make her way for the federal election as direct candidate in the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis District in September 2013.
Giousouf became the first ever Muslim politician of the CDU to be elected into the Bundestag.
"Keep On" is a post-disco song written by Hubert Eaves III, James Williams of D. Train.
Legacy.
"Keep On" was sampled by Rockers Revenge on the song "Walking on Sunshine" in late 1982.
Gerli Padar (born 6 November 1979) is an Estonian singer and actress.
She represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007.
She is the sister of Tanel Padar, who won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2001 for Estonia.
Career.
Padar has performed in several hit Estonian musicals including her starring roles as Sally in "Cabaret", as Florence in "Chess" and as Lotte in "Lotte, the Detective".
As of 2011, she has released one solo album.
Padar represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with the song "Partners in Crime" which failed to qualify for the final placing 22nd along with Montenegro and receiving 33 points.
The Ambassador from New Zealand to Poland is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Poland, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Poland.
The embassy is located in Warsaw, Poland's capital city.
New Zealand has maintained a resident ambassador in Poland since 2004.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "RNF20" gene.
The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with BRE1 of S. cerevisiae.
The Hebrew Scouts Movement in Israel (, "Tnuat HaTzofim HaIvriyim BeYisrael") is an Israeli Jewish co-ed Scouting and Guiding association with about 80,000 members.
Established in 1919, the Tzofim (Hebrew Scouts Movement) was the first Zionist youth movement in Israel and remains today the largest "National Youth Movement" in the country.
Tzofim is famously known as the first egalitarian scouting movement in the world, where boys and girls participate together on an equal basis.
History.
Establishment.
The organization was established during Passover of 1919 by some youth and sports associations, including the "Meshotetim" association and the "Herzliya" association that held activities in the format of the founder of world scouting, Baden-Powell.
As the head of the movement elected Zvi Nishri.
The connection between the associations was loose if at all and it was not yet a fully consolidated movement in every sense of the word.
The first Scout tribe, "Meshotetei BaCarmel" in the Hadar neighborhood of Haifa, was established in 1925 by the Haifa's Reali School.
In 1939, the religious Scouts, named "Adat HaTzofim" joined to the Hebrew Scout Movement with the leadership of Asher Rivlin as the head of Jewish religious scouting in Israel.
In the 1940's the movement sent the best scouting graduates to the Palmach.
During that time the center of the movement was in the north of the country and the Palmach recruits were trained on the "Reali" school ground before joining to the organization.
The Hebrew Scout Movement in Israel also sent its graduates across the country to create Jewish settlements and Hebrew labor, as part of the establishment of the new Jewish state. 1950s split.
In 1951, during the split of HaKibbutz HaMeuhad there was also a split in the Hebrew Scouts Movement.
Most members of the movement wanted to preserve its democratic and non-partisan character.
At the Movement's Council, which met in October 1950, it was decided to add to the Hebrew Scouts Movement principles in opposition to totalitarian regimes (communism, fascism).
Following this decision, supporters of Mapam, who supported communism, broke away from the movement, and created in May 1951, the "Pioneering Scout movement" who joined after a short time the "HaMahanot HaOlim" youth movement, that was also associated with KM and Mapam.
The Hebrew Scouts Movement remained in contact with the United Kibbutz Movement, which was informally identified with Mapai, and not with the communist ideology.
Tzofim Tzabar Olami.
In the 1970s, the first chapter of the Hebrew Scouts outside of Israel was established.
It was originally established in New York City as "Shevet Tzabar" (Today known as "Shevet Tapuach").
Established by the Shaliach of the Jewish Agency, it jumpstarted a movement of the Tzofim all over the United States, Canada, Europe, and more.
Today.
The movement is divided into 15 regional leaderships operating relatively autonomously, but subject to the provisions and procedures of the movement.
The "Tzabar" Scouts for Israeli children living abroad, which operates in the United States, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, Netherlands, United Kingdom and the former Soviet Union, have separate managements and activities, but the same values and principles.
In addition to the regions there are also various segments of scout tribes, such as the Sea Scouts and Adat HaTzofim, a religious division which was once a separate organization.
Every region has both professionals and volunteers working for it, and has offices, vehicles, equipment, financial plan, events, camps, trips and more.
Tzofim Tzabar Olami.
Tzofim Tzabar is the name for the Hebrew Scouts regions located outside Israel, in the United States, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, Netherlands, United Kingdom and the former Soviet Union.
It aims to foster Zionism and love of Israel among Israelis who live in these countries.
Activities are held in Hebrew, and the members work in similar settings to the Scouts in Israel, and pass the rest of courses and seminars on topics such as identity and culture.
Under the existing backlog Scouts 56 tribes that meet on a weekly basis.
Tzabar is an active educational framework for Israelis to strengthen Jewish identity and Israeli-Zionist, maintaining contact with the Israeli-Zionist culture and the State of Israel, and providing tools for members of the graduating addressing the issue of their return.
Age groups.
Each age group has its own name in the Hebrew Scouts movement.
During the year there is a celebration in which members of every age-group pass a test according to their age, and after passing the test members are given the new rank they have earned (rank is a scout-scarf in different colors).
Organizational structure.
"Adat HaTzofim" or "Religious Scouts" is a religious division of 12 Scout tribes in the Hebrew Scouts Movement in Israel.
Shevet Masuot in Jerusalem is the largest and oldest tribe in this division.
It was founded in 1945, and has operated continuously since then.
The purpose of the Religious Scouts is to allow all young Scouts to belong to the Scout Movement regardless of origin, political views, or spiritual views, while emphasizing the bridge between religious and secular youth.
"Adat HaTzofim" educates and works with the same values of the Scouts movement, but also uses the teachings of the bible of Israel and the Jewish religion.
Israel Scouts Ranch.
The Israeli Scouts Ranch is a camping and outdoor education facility located in the Galilee region of Israel.
It is owned and operated by the Hebrew Scouts movement, and serves as a hub for Scout activities and events in the country.
The Israeli Scouts Ranch covers a large area and includes a variety of facilities and amenities, including cabins, tents, a dining hall, and classrooms.
The ranch is also home to a number of educational programs and activities, including wilderness survival skills, environmental education, and leadership development.
The Israeli Scouts Ranch is a popular destination for Scout groups from all over Israel, and is often used for Scout camps, training programs, and other Scout events.
It is also open to the public for day use and rental for events and activities.
Overall, the Israeli Scouts Ranch is an important part of the Scout movement in Israel, providing a place for Scouts to learn new skills, develop leadership abilities, and experience the outdoors.
He is known for the stereoviews he published in the U.S. and other areas.
His work included many images of sights in Yellowstone National Park as well as hunting scenes and architectural features.
In the early 20th century he also produced half-tone lithoviews.
His company was named Ingersoll View Company.
The Met has one of his building photographs in their collection and the Getty Museum has a collection of his work.
Ingersoll was born to Daniel Wesley and Marion Ward Ingersoll in St. Paul, Minnesota.
The Library of Congress also has a collection of his work.
Arthur Edwin Bye (1919-2001) was an American landscape architect born in the Netherlands.
Biography.
Bye was born on August 25, 1919, in Arnhem to a Dutch mother and American father, who were both art historians.
He moved to America at a young age and went on to study horticulture at Penn State University.
It was as a horticulture student that Bye was first exposed to the work of Frank Lloyd Wright.
Many of his contemporaries were not focused on local conditions and native plants, instead favoring exotic species and foreign garden types.
Interpretation of the landscape.
One of his interests was photography.
Bye expressed his fascination with the natural landscape in the form of photograph essays.
Through these types of explorations, Bye established criteria for how to create natural landscapes.
His detailed analysis of the landscape led to manipulations of the land which were considered subtle and meaningful.
These were not only rooted in the experiential qualities, but also in ecological processes.
While some sites were carefully planned before construction, others were created on site.
He would direct a hired bulldozer operator around until he was satisfied with the topography of the site.
Notable works.
At George Soros residence, Bye created a soft, undulating topography which allowed for a planned pattern of melting snow, while also creating modulations of light and dark.
This technique mitigated a reduction of water runoff to the ocean, keeping the rainwater in the local water table.
This was made possible through Bye's knowledge of local ecological conditions and physiography of the region.
With the Ha Ha Fence, Bye integrated a stone fence into the existing topography mimic the elements of the natural landscape.
He manipulated the soil around the fence until he was satisfied with the tension between the shadows of the trees and the horizontal line of the undulating land.
He was able to harmonize the shadows and earth, along with the fence and the forest edge in the background.
At the Connecticut residence, Bye created small gardens around the house which resemble natural landforms.
The manufactured topographies evoked the nearby rocky seaside.
He used local materials, such as granite and juniper.
The granite was even extracted from the beach in front of the house.
The topography of a Massachusetts residence is another example of how Bye molded topography to highlight natural elements.
Throughout all of his works, Bye was interested in using natural phenomena as ephemeral materials, such as fog, mist, snow, rain, light and shadows.
Freiherr Joseph Alvinczi von Borberek a.k.a.
Early career.
By 1753 he had risen to "Hauptmann".
During the Seven Years' War, Alvinczi distinguished himself leading a grenadier company in the battles of Torgau and Teplitz, where his courageous leadership won him a promotion to second major.
At the end of the war he worked extensively on the implementation of Franz Moritz von Lacy's new regulations throughout the army.
War of Succession, Turkish War, and the Netherlands campaign.
Alvinczi fought under Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon in the Ottoman War of 1787, but did not accomplish his mission of capturing Belgrade.
After a short period instructing the future Emperor, Archduke Francis, he returned to command his regiment.
Neerwinden, Fleurus, Charleroi.
He took command of an Auxiliary army which supported the British under the Duke of York and Albany, fighting at Landrecy and in the Battle of Fleurus, before being wounded at Mariolles.
On his recovery and promotion to "Feldzeugmeister", Alvinczy advised the William VI of Orange in the successful relief of Charleroi in June 1793, losing two horses under him in the process, and earning the reward of the Grand cross of the MTO.
Italian campaign and later assignments.
In late 1796 he took over command of the army that was fighting Napoleon Bonaparte in the north of the Italian Peninsula.
After organising the Tyrolean militia to face the threat of the , he was tasked with the third relief of the Siege of Mantua.
Alvinczy's army was largely composed of new recruits with few experienced officers.
He defeated Bonaparte at Bassano on 6 November and Caldiero on 12 November.
After at first withdrawing toward Vicenza, the Austrians gamely reoccupied the field of battle on 22 November.
But when he found that troops under his lieutenant Paul Davidovich had begun their own retreat, he admitted defeat and fell back to Bassano.
Despite deteriorating health, he regrouped and tried again.
Mantua surrendered soon afterward.
He was then given the position of military governor of Hungary, and promoted to field marshal in 1808.
The Global Intelligence Forum is an annual conference dedicated to exploring best practices in intelligence analysis.
The conference takes place in Dungarvan, Ireland, the sister city of Erie, Pennsylvania, home of Mercyhurst College, the Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies, and the Center for Intelligence Research Analysis and Training (CIRAT).
Background.
Mercyhurst University faculty created the conference to explore best practices in intelligence analysis.
The founders feel that intelligence as a field of study is best explored through a holistic and global purview.
Therefore, gathering intelligence professionals from around the world in a variety of disciplines to speak on their experiences and methods can provide insight into how best to perform quality intelligence analysis.
Future conferences will continue to focus on analytic best practices but will expand to explore intelligence as an enterprise essential to organizational leadership and learning. 2010 conference.
Speakers.
The speakers at the 2010 conference included members of the Mercyhurst College faculty, Irish and British government officials, and executives from private intelligence firms.
The keynote speaker was former governor of Pennsylvania and first Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge.
Topics.
The topics at the 2010 Global Intelligence Forum looked at best practices in intelligence analysis in the national security, law enforcement, and competitive arenas.
Nexta (pronounced "niekh-ta", ) is a Belarusian media outlet that is primarily distributed through Telegram and YouTube channels.
The YouTube channel was founded by then 17-year-old student Stsiapan Putsila.
The channel's headquarters are located in Warsaw, Poland, after its founder went into exile.
The Telegram channel mostly featured short videos and images submitted by users taken during the rallies, while longer original videos are shared on YouTube.
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Nexta became an operational resource reporting on the events of the war.
Nexta operates one of the largest Twitter accounts in the Russian-speaking world, with more than one million followers.
In May 2022, NEXTA Live became the largest Belarusian YouTube channel by number of views.
Nexta faces pressure from Belarusian authorities.
Since October 2020, Nexta and its logo are considered extremist content in Belarus.
Its founder Stsiapan Putsila and the former editor-in-chief Roman Protasevich were put by Belarusian authorities on a list of "individuals involved in terrorist activity" in November 2020.
Amnesty International stated that the classification of the bloggers as terrorists was "arbitrary" and that the Belarusian authorities' decision was based solely on Putsila's and Protasevich's journalism.
Since October 2021, NEXTA, NEXTA Live and Luxta are also classified as extremist groups.
In April 2022, they were recognized as a terrorist organization in Belarus.
Name.
It is pronounced as "nekhta" and not as "neksta".
Team.
In May 2019, the channels of NEXTA were managed by Stsiapan Putsila alone.
In the meantime, an entire editorial team is behind the media oulet.
All journalists working for NEXTA live in Poland or perhaps in other European countries.
The information about their whereabouts is kept secret.
Foundation.
Nexta was founded in 2015 as a YouTube music channel for the band of same name by Stsiapan Putsila, a son of a sports journalist and a commentator on Belsat TV-channel.
The KGB immediately demonstrated interest in Nexta.
In that time Putsila was still going to school, the law enforcement made visits to find out about him.
In that time independent media with video were scarce and Nexta soon became popular.
In Autumn 2018 Putsila launched the Nexta Live Telegram channel.
On the very first day more than 2000 subscribers from YouTube joined it.
His mother's apartment was searched by the law enforcement.
In 2019 Roman Protasevich joined Nexta, the team grew to four men.
The channel mostly used user-generated content, sometimes it was sent anonymously even from the police officers.
As stated by the founders, Nexta survived on selling ads.
Conflict with government-controlled TV channels.
In 2018 the Belarusian Telegraph Agency accused Putsila of stealing their videos.
The blogger complained that he received reports from fake personalities with complaints of copyright violation.
At that time Nexta's YouTube channel had more than 200000 subscribers.
Putsila explained that according to the Belarusian law, citations from TV shows were allowed to be used for analytical, evaluational, and informational purposes.
Since the conflict, he started deleting the logos from his content.
Slonim's mayor court case.
On September 26, 2019, it became known that the chairman of the Slonim District Executive Committee Gennady Homich filed a lawsuit against Stsiapan Putsila.
In the document, the official asked to refute an information, according to which wife of the chairman and the chairman of the district executive committee had been detained by the traffic police for driving under the influence of alcohol.
On 12 November, the Minsk District Court ordered that a rebuttal should be posted in the Telegram channel Nexta and sentenced Putsila to a fine of .
The blogger said that he would not execute the court's decision, questioning the independence of the Belarusian courts.
Chudentsov case.
On November 21, 2019, the journalist Vladimir Chudentsov, who collaborated with Nexta, was arrested by Belarusian customs officers as he was about to cross the border into Poland.
The state officials claim they found 0.87 grams of cannabis in his clothes.
Reporters Without Borders commented that it questions the circumstances of Chudentsov's arrest.
After his arrest, NEXTA posted a video in support of Chudentsov.
Chudentsov was sentenced to 5.5 years in jail.
Stsiapan Putsila thinks that Chudensov became a victim of the revenge of Belarusian state authorities because he took part in the production of a documentary film on Alexander Lukashenko.
After the first cases of brutal police violence people started gathering on central squares in Minsk and other Belarusian cities on protest rallies, demanding re-elections and immediate release of all detained citizen.
Nationwide protests were not covered by the state-controlled media, the Internet was completely shut down for several days.
Other independent sources of information (such as Tut.by) were blocked.
Nexta managed to bypass most of the blackout, the authorities were unable to restrict access to Telegram groups to the same extent.
They published data sent by users, such as current-time locations of the police blocks and patrols, times and spots to gather, pleas for help from the protesters, facts and photos of law enforcement violence, etc.
Only between the 9th and the 16th of August, 2020, the number of subscribers to Nexta Live grew from 300000 to 2 million.
As of August 2020, Nexta had more than 740000 subscribers on YouTube and Telegram channels.
Nexta was pressured by the Belarusian government for coordinating with activists during the protests, including giving detailed instructions as to where and when protests should take place, which according to some journalists means that Nexta is not a journalistic news source.
It has also been criticised for publishing unverified information.
Protasevich and Putsila received numerous threats both from the Belarusian regime, they experienced massive attacks from Kremlin Bots.
In September 2020 Nexta expanded and grew into an editors office, they hired more journalists and developed thematic departments.
Extremism accusations, bans and repressions.
In October 2020 Nexta channel and its logo were declared extremist materials in Belarus.
By that time Nexta and Nexta Live had near 2 million subscribers.
Putsila promised to re-brand the channel.
Human rights organization Amnesty International called the classification of the bloggers as terrorists "arbitrary" and said that the Belarusian authorities' decision was based solely on the journalistic work of them.
In May 2021 Denis Urad, a former officer of the Belarusian Army, was sentenced to 18 years for treason.
He was accused for disclosing to Nexta copies of the MVD request from the Ministry of Defence to send 4000 soldiers during the protests of 2020.
Protasevich arrest.
Tadeusz Giczan became Editor-in-chief after Roman Protasevich shifted to the "Belarus of the Brain" Telegram channel formerly edited by a detained blogger, Ihar Losik.
On his way to Vilnius back from vacation in Greece, Roman Protasevich, along with his girlfriend Sofia Sapega, was arrested by Belarusian authorities after his flight, Ryanair Flight 4978, was diverted to Minsk on the orders of Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko on 23 May 2021, because of a false bomb threat conveyed by Belarusian air traffic control.
In a July 2022 report, the International Civil Aviation Organization condemned the forced landing as "illegal interference" by the Belarusian government in aviation.
In June 2021, Protasevich was put under house arrest.
On 6 May 2022, his former girlfriend Sapega was sentenced to six years in prison for "inciting social hatred".
Designation as 'extremist group' and trial.
In October 2021 the government classified Nexta, Nexta Live and Luxta as an 'extremist group' and declared that all followers of such Telegram channels will face prosecution under Criminal Code.
In January 2022, the Warsaw district court declared that an extradition of Stsiapan Putsila would be "legally impermissible".
Previously, Belarus applied to Poland for his extradition.
This was done at the request of the Prosecutor General of Belarus.
On February 16, 2023, in Minsk a trial started against Raman Pratasevich, Stsiapan Putsila and Yan Rudzik.
Only Pratasevich was present on site.
The other two defendants are in exile.
His co-defendants, Yan Rudzik and Stsiapan Putsila, who were tried in absentia, were sentenced to 19 and 20 years in prison.
On 22 May 2023 it was announced that Pratasevich had been pardoned.
His pardon was confirmed the next day and Pratasevich was released from custody.
Misinformation.
In October 2022, a video had been gaining traction on social media allegedly showing Turkish mercenaries going to fight for Russia in the Ukraine war.
The video was first published by a pro-Russian Telegram channel claiming that "Turkish legionnaires joined the Russian army and will take part in combat operations in Ukraine".
But it quickly gained traction when Nexta shared it with a similar claim.
However journalists from Euronews Turkish-language service confirmed that the men are speaking a dialect of Turkish but are not from Turkey.
The mix between this dialect and some Russian words signals that these men were most likely Meskhetian Turks (Ahiska Turks).
Euronews spoke to a representative of Ahiska Turks abroad who confirmed that the men in the video are speaking the Ahiska dialect.
He also told that he believes that these men were living in Russia and therefore being mobilised for the war in Ukraine.
The Standards and Privileges Committee is a former committee of the United Kingdom House of Commons that existed from 1995 to 2013.
The committee was established in 1995 to replace the earlier Committee of Privileges.
It consisted of 10 Members of Parliament that sat to make recommendations to the House on complaints of breach of parliamentary privilege.
It was itself replaced in January 2013, when it was split into the Committee on Standards and the Committee of Privileges, in order to allow the Committee of Standards to employ lay members.
The committee was appointed by the House of Commons to oversee the work of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards.
Historically informed performance (also referred to as period performance, authentic performance, or HIP) is an approach to the performance of classical music, which aims to be faithful to the approach, manner and style of the musical era in which a work was originally conceived.
A further area of study, that of changing listener expectations, is increasingly under investigation.
Given no sound recordings exist of music before the late 19th century, historically informed performance is largely derived from musicological analysis of texts.
Historical treatises, pedagogic tutor books, and concert critiques, as well as additional historical evidence, are all used to gain insight into the performance practice of a historic era.
Extant recordings (cylinders, discs, and reproducing piano rolls) from the 1890s onwards have enabled scholars of 19th-century Romanticism to gain a uniquely detailed understanding of this style, although not without significant remaining questions.
In all eras, HIP performers will normally use scholarly or urtext editions of a musical score as a basic template, while additionally applying a range of contemporaneous stylistic practices, including rhythmic alterations and ornamentation of many kinds.
Historically informed performance was principally developed in a number of Western countries in the mid to late 20th century, ironically a modernist response to the modernist break with earlier performance traditions.
Initially concerned with the performance of Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque music, HIP now encompasses music from the Classical and Romantic eras.
HIP has been a crucial part of the early music revival movement of the 20th and 21st centuries, and has begun to affect the theatrical stage, for instance in the production of Baroque opera, where historically informed approaches to acting and scenery are also used.
Some critics contest the methodology of the HIP movement, contending that its selection of practices and aesthetics are a product of the 20th century and that it is ultimately impossible to know what performances of an earlier time sounded like.
Obviously, the older the style and repertoire, the greater the cultural distance and the increased possibility of misunderstanding the evidence.
For this reason, the term "historically informed" is now preferred to "authentic", as it acknowledges the limitations of academic understanding, rather than implying absolute accuracy in recreating historical performance style, or worse, a moralising tone.
Early instruments.
The choice of musical instruments is an important part of the principle of historically informed performance.
Musical instruments have evolved over time, and instruments that were in use in earlier periods of history are often quite different from their modern equivalents.
Many other instruments have fallen out of use, having been replaced by newer tools for creating music.
For example, prior to the emergence of the modern violin, other bowed stringed instruments such as the rebec or the viol were in common use.
The existence of ancient instruments in museum collections has helped musicologists to understand how the different design, tuning and tone of instruments may have affected earlier performance practice.
As well as a research tool, historic instruments have an active role in the practice of historically informed performance.
Modern instrumentalists who aim to recreate a historic sound often use modern reproductions of period instruments (and occasionally original instruments) on the basis that this will deliver a musical performance that is thought to be historically faithful to the original work, as the original composer would have heard it.
For example, a modern music ensemble staging a performance of music by Johann Sebastian Bach may play reproduction Baroque violins instead of modern instruments in an attempt to create the sound of a 17th-century Baroque orchestra.
This has led to the revival of musical instruments that had entirely fallen out of use, and to a reconsideration of the role and structure of instruments also used in current practice.
Harpsichord.
A variety of once obsolete keyboard instruments such as the clavichord and the harpsichord have been revived, as they have particular importance in the performance of Early music.
Many religious works of the era made similar use of the pipe organ, often in combination with a harpsichord.
Historically informed performances frequently make use of keyboard-led ensemble playing.
Fortepiano.
During the second half of the 18th century, the harpsichord was gradually replaced by the earliest pianos.
Although names were originally interchangeable, we now use 'fortepiano' to indicate the earlier, smaller style of piano, with the more familiar 'pianoforte' used to describe the larger instruments approaching modern designs from around 1830.
In the 20th and 21st centuries, the fortepiano has enjoyed a revival as a result of the trend for historically informed performance, with the works of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert now often played on fortepiano.
Many keyboard players who specialise in the harpsichord also specialise in the fortepiano and other period instruments.
Although some keyboardist renowned for their fortepiano playing are Ronald Brautigam, Ingrid Haebler, Robert Levin, Malcolm Bilson and Tobias Koch.
Viol.
A vast quantity of music for viols, for both ensemble and solo performance, was written by composers of the Renaissance and Baroque eras, including Diego Ortiz, Claudio Monteverdi, William Byrd, William Lawes, Henry Purcell, Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, J.S.
Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann, Marin Marais, Antoine Forqueray, and Carl Frederick Abel.
There are many modern viol consorts.
Recorder.
Recorders in multiple sizes (contra-bass, bass, tenor, alto, soprano, the sopranino, and the even smaller kleine sopranino or garklein) are often played today in consorts of mixed size.
Handel and Telemann, among others, wrote solo works for the recorder.
Arnold Dolmetsch did much to revive the recorder as a serious concert instrument, reconstructing a "consort of recorders (descant, treble, tenor and bass) all at low pitch and based on historical originals".
Often recorder players start off has flautists, then transition into focusing on the recorder.
Handel and Telemann were also keen and skilled recorder players (as mentioned before), the former of which composed several sets of sonatas for recorder and basso continuo, although they're dominated by the transcriptions for flute made during the mid-20th century.
Singing.
As with instrumental technique, the approach to historically informed performance practice for singers has been shaped by musicological research and academic debate.
In particular, there was debate around the use of the technique of vibrato at the height of the Early music revival, and many advocates of HIP aimed to eliminate vibrato in favour of the "pure" sound of straight-tone singing.
The difference in style may be demonstrated by the sound of a boy treble in contrast to the sound of a Grand opera singer such as Maria Callas.
Certain historic vocal techniques have gained in popularity, such as "trillo", a tremolo-like repetition of a single note that was used for ornamental effect in the early Baroque era.
Academic understanding of these expressive devices is often subjective however, as many vocal techniques discussed by treatise writers in the 17th and 18th centuries have different meanings, depending on the author.
Despite the fashion for straight tone, many prominent Early music singers make use of a subtle, gentle form of vibrato to add expression to their performance.
A few of the singers who have contributed to the historically informed performance movement are Emma Kirkby, Max van Egmond, Julianne Baird, Nigel Rogers, and David Thomas.
The resurgence of interest in Early music, particularly in sacred renaissance polyphony and Baroque opera, has driven a revival of the countertenor voice.
High-voice male singers are often cast in preference to female contraltos in HIP opera productions, partly as a substitute for castrato singers.
Alfred Deller is considered to have been a pioneer of the modern revival of countertenor singing.
Layout.
Standard practice concerning the layout of a group of performers, for example in a choir or an orchestra, has changed over time.
Determining a historically appropriate layout of singers and instruments on a performance stage may be informed by historical research.
The German theorist Johann Mattheson, in a 1739 treatise, states that the singers should stand in front of the instrumentalists.
Interpreting musical notation.
Some information about how music sounded in the past can be obtained from contemporary mechanical instruments.
For instance, the Dutch Museum Speelklok owns an 18th-century mechanical organ of which the music programme was composed and supervised by Joseph Haydn.
Tuning and pitch.
Until modern era, different tuning references have been used in different venues.
The baroque oboist Bruce Haynes has extensively investigated surviving wind instruments and even documented a case of violinists having to retune by a minor third to play at neighboring churches.
Iconographic evidence.
In addition to showing the layout of an orchestra or ensemble, a work of art may reveal detail about contemporary playing techniques, for example the manner of holding a bow or a wind player's embouchure.
However, just as an art historian must evaluate a work of art, a scholar of musicology must also assess the musical evidence of a painting or illustration in its historical context, taking into consideration the potential cultural and political motivations of the artist and allow for artistic license.
An historic image of musicians may present an idealised or even fictional account of musical instruments, and there is as much a risk that it may give rise to a historically misinformed performance.
Issues.
Opinions on how artistic and academic motivations should translate into musical performance vary.
The abdication of esthetic values and artistic responsibilities can confer a certain illusion of simplicity on what the passage of history has presented to us, bleached as white as bones on the sands of time".
Early music scholar Beverly Jerold has questioned the string technique of historically informed musicians, citing accounts of Baroque-era concert-goers describing nearly the opposite practice.
Similar criticism has been leveled at the practices of historically informed vocalists.
Some proponents of the Early music revival have distanced themselves from the terminology of "authentic performance".
Conductor John Eliot Gardiner has expressed the view that the term can be "misleading", and has stated, "My enthusiasm for period instruments is not antiquarian or in pursuit of a spurious and unattainable authenticity, but just simply as a refreshing alternative to the standard, monochrome qualities of the symphony orchestra."
Exactly how much is required can easily be forgotten, precisely because the exercise of musical invention is so automatic to the performer."
Leech-Wilkinson concludes that performance styles in early music "have as much to do with current taste as with accurate reproduction."
This is probably over-pessimistic.
More recently, Andrew Snedden has suggested that HIP reconstructions are on firmer ground when approached in context with a cultural exegesis of the era, examining not merely how they played but why they played as they did, and what cultural meaning is embedded in the music.
In the conclusion of his study of early twentieth-century orchestral recordings, Robert Philip states that the concept of "what sounds tasteful now probably sounded tasteful in earlier periods" is a fundamental but flawed assumption behind much of the historical performance movement.
Having spent the entire book examining rhythm, vibrato, and portamento, Philips states that the fallacy of the assumption of tastefulness causes adherents of historical performance to randomly select what they find acceptable and to ignore evidence of performance practice which goes against modern taste.
Reception.
A number of scholars see the HIP movement essentially as a 20th-century invention.
Writing about the periodical "Early Music" (one of the leading periodicals about historically informed performance), Peter Hill noted "All the articles in "Early Music" noted in varying ways the (perhaps fatal) flaw in the 'authenticity' position.
One of the more skeptical voices of the historically informed performance movement has been Richard Taruskin.
His thesis is that the practice of unearthing supposedly historically informed practices is actually a 20th-century practice influenced by modernism and, ultimately, we can never know what music sounded like or how it was played in previous centuries.
"What we had been accustomed to regard as historically authentic performances, I began to see, represented neither any determinable historical prototype nor any coherent revival of practices coeval with the repertories they addressed.
Rather, they embodied a whole wish list of modern(ist) values, validated in the academy and the marketplace alike by an eclectic, opportunistic reading of historical evidence."
"'Historical' performers who aim 'to get to the truth'...by using period instruments and reviving lost playing techniques actually pick and choose from history's wares.
And they do so in a manner that says more about the values of the late twentieth century than about those of any earlier era."
She claims that the HIP movement itself came about during the latter half of the 19th century as a reaction to the way modern techniques were being imposed upon music of earlier times.
She distills the late 20th century arguments into two points of view, achieving either fidelity to the conditions of performance, or fidelity to the musical work.
It keeps our eyes open to the inherently critical and revisable nature of our regulative concepts.
Granrodeo (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese rock band, specializing in creating anime soundtracks.
Career.
During their years as a band, they released a few singles that were used as opening singles for the anime series.
In 2007 they released their first album, "Ride on the Edge", and in 2008 they release a second album, "Instinct".
In spring 2009 they started working on the soundtrack, the series "Needless", for which E-Zuka wrote the soundtracks and Kishow wrote the lyrics for the song "Modern Strange Cowboy".
By the end of 2009, they released their third album, "Brush the Scar Lemon".
In 2011 they released their fourth album, "Supernova", and in 2012 they released their fifth album "Crack Star Flash".
South Wigston is a large village to the south of Leicester, England.
It is outside the city boundary, forming part of the Oadby and Wigston district of Leicestershire.
The population of the ward rose slightly from 7,471 at the 2001 census to 7,490 at the 2011 census.
Geography and administration.
South Wigston is west of Wigston Magna, specifically west of the Midland Main Line.
The Crow Mills area has been the site of a grain mill since the 13th century, though the present mill (now a private house) was built later on the original footings.
The mill is on the north bank of the River Sence and backs onto the nearby Grand Union Canal, which generally forms the southern boundary of South Wigston.
The first major development of the area came with the arrival of the Midland Counties Railway's station, the Midland Railway's Wigston Junction, goods yard and station and the South Leicestershire Railway's station.
Industrial and residential buildings were built in the triangle of land between the then Wigston junction to Rugby line to the east, the Wigston to Nuneaton line (Leicester to Hinckley) to the north and Saffron Road to the west.
Notable buildings in the area include the Wesleyan Methodist Church (1886), church of Saint Thomas the Apostle (1893), Congregational Church (1897), Primitive Methodist Church (1900, demolished, now Best Close), the Clarence Hotel (1890, now the Marquis of Queensbury Public House), and the Grand Hotel ("circa" 1880s, now converted into residential apartments having been unoccupied from 2011 to 2014, incorporates the former Venetia House).
Much of the building work (including both hotels and his former home Venetia House) was commissioned by Orson Wright ("circa" 1880s).
The land enclosed by the Grand Union Canal, Midland Main Line and former Wigston to Rugby line started to be developed around Lansdowne Grove at the start of the twentieth century with town houses becoming a conservation area in the late 1980s early 1990s, and later a sizeable council estate, industrial estate and in the 1990s another large housing estate.
History.
Before the establishment of South Wigston in 1883, the area was largely open fields.
North of Kirkdale Road, the Midland Railway built the south chord of Wigston Junction in 1872.
To the east of the Countesthorpe Road and Canal Street junction was Crow Mill, a post mill, which is recorded on the County Sites and Monuments Register as a medieval windmill.
The mill is shown as disused on the 1886 Ordnance Survey Map, though it had gone by the second edition of the map in 1914.
The town of South Wigston was developed in the late 19th century by the owner of a large brickworks, Orson Wright.
The settlement follows the tradition of establishing 'model' towns set by Victorian philanthropists at places such as New Lanark and Saltaire and continued in towns such as Bournville and Port Sunlight.
Unlike the majority of these other towns however, South Wigston was not just intended to house workers in the brickyard.
Other commercial premises, particularly associated with the clothing industry, were established from the start.
Like other model settlements such as Saltaire, the street pattern is generally a grid and most of the housing is in terraces.
Most of the houses are of similar type (though some were slightly bigger and had front gardens) with just a few larger houses on Orange Street, Blaby Road (until many were converted to shops) and particularly Saffron Road built to house more affluent residents.
The clear provision of different sizes and standards of housing to suit different classes of occupiers is not so great as in many model towns.
Although there are differences of detailing between the terraces and groups of houses, the area has a very strong character.
The buildings were seemingly all built using bricks from Orson Wright's Wigston Junction Brick Works.
The majority of traditional buildings are therefore of red brick with a colour range towards orange and purple, with a few houses of gault brick or with such brick used as detailing.
In terms of town planning, Blaby Road was the main cross route and was lined by many of the shops and public buildings.
Canal Street was the home of most of the industrial and manufacturing concerns and had shops on some street corners and some public buildings especially at the north end.
Countesthorpe Road had some industrial uses and public buildings.
The 1886 Ordnance Survey Map shows the beginnings of the settlement.
The brickworks are the largest single premises west of Saffron Road.
On the north side of Blaby Road, the only buildings were four terraced properties to the west of Station Street.
Other buildings completed by 1886 included houses on the west side of Glen Gate and Station Street.
South of Blaby Road, there was a long row of small cottages on the west side of Countesthorpe Road and a block on the north east end of Timber Street.
To the north was a large factory called the Perseverance Works.
The line of much of Canal Street, together with the streets north of Timber Street had been laid out, whilst north of Blaby Road two tracks existed though seemingly they were relocated to later become Fairfield and Leopold Streets.
The musical artist Gertie Gitana performed at the Clarence Ballroom, and one of its rooms was named after her.
Development continued apace in the next few years and by 1893, many new houses had been built along the streets off Canal Street with some larger houses on Orange Street.
Blaby Road continued to be developed for houses, shops and some public buildings as well as the site of Orson Wright's own house, Ashbourne, on the corner of Glen Gate.
St Thomas' parish church was built (minus the tower) in 1893 to supersede a tin tabernacle that continued in service as the Sunday school until it was replaced in the late 1920s.
North of Blaby Road, terraces were built on Leopold Street, Fairfield Street and Glen Gate.
The settlement developed very quickly and was largely complete by the time Orson Wright died in 1913.
Thereafter the main development was the provision of council housing on the undeveloped sites.
Some of this was in terraces, the rest in more typical semi detached forms.
By 1914 over 600 houses together with more factories, shops, churches and schools had been built.
Despite this, vacant lots (or 'greens' as they were popularly known) were a feature of most of the streets in the town and were used as informal play areas.
In the late 1920s many of these were built on to provide terraced council houses on Kirkdale Road and some of the surrounding streets with semi-detached houses on several other streets.
A park was formed beyond the eastern railway line in 1929.
The brick works ceased production in the early 1930s, though there were still a number of major employers in the area including Toon and Black's footwear factory on Saffron Road and Morrison, manufacturers of electric vehicles, who took over Brunswick Mills between Garden and Irlam Streets in the 1930s.
They were later taken over by Nabisco.
Further up towards Blaby Road north of the Grand Hotel was Atkinson's hosiery factory which was a major employer in the area for some years after the war as was Dunmores.
In Irlam Street opposite the biscuit factory was Morrison Electricars who used to make electrically powered vehicles such as milk floats.
Other notable businesses who were in South Wigston were Premier Percussion, Constone (concrete pipe makers) at Saffron Lane and Marshall's Coal who were in the yard opposite Blaby Road Park.
In the later 20th century Orson Wright's house was demolished and replaced by shops, two of the schools off Bassett Street were demolished, Toon and Black's factory redeveloped and the majority of the block between Irlam and Garden Streets was redeveloped for housing in 2004 to 2005.
The biscuit factory on Canal Street has expanded but many of the old industrial concerns, large and small, are now empty or underused.
St Thomas the Apostle parish church is a red brick Gothic Revival building designed by Stockdale Harrison and Sons.
Notable local clergy include Bishop Robin Woods, who was Vicar from 1946 to 1951.
St. Thomas's has a strong musical tradition and maintains a 40-strong choir of men and boys.
South Wigston has seen considerable change in recent times, and there are plans for the future development of the area.
Tesco opened a new supermarket in October 2005 along with a 24-hour petrol station.
Soon after the Kwik Save supermarket on Blaby Road closed down.
Station Street is currently witnessing redevelopment of formerly industrial buildings, now being converted into homes.
South Leicestershire College (formally known as Wigston College of Further Education) relocated from its original location on Station Road, Wigston to Blaby Road, South Wigston in 2010.
South Leicestershire College then merged with North Warwickshire and Hinckley College in 2017 to be known today as North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College.
Transport.
British Railways closed all three railway stations in the 1960s, A new South Wigston railway station was opened along the Nuneaton line in 1986 and is served by CrossCountry trains between and .
Arriva Midlands provide the local bus services around the South Wigston area.
Arriva and their predecessors Midland Red were based at a depot on Station Street but Arriva announced during August 2021, they would be vacating the site with operations moving to Thurmaston depot.
One of the first African-American female schoolteachers in Boston, she developed the city's first remedial reading program in 1935, and was an early advocate of black history education.
Early life and education.
Wilhelmina Marguerita Crosson was born in Rutherford, New Jersey, on April 26, 1900, to Charles Tasker Crosson and Sallie Alice Davis Crosson.
She was the fourth of nine children.
In 1906 she moved with her family to Boston, where she attended the Hyde School and Girls' High School in Roxbury.
She earned a B.S. degree in education at Boston Teachers College in 1934 and a master's degree in educational administration from Boston University in 1954.
Career.
Crosson began her career in 1920 at the Hyde School in Boston's North End, teaching remedial reading to the children of Italian immigrants.
She was one of the first African-American women to teach in the Boston public schools.
One of the first American teachers to recognize the need for remedial reading classes, she developed Boston's first remedial reading program in 1935.
Crosson's pioneering methods were so successful that administrators and other teachers were regularly sent to observe her classes, and she was invited to lecture on the subject.
In 1925 she founded the Aristo Club of Boston, an organization of black professional women who studied and taught black history and awarded scholarships to black children.
The Boston school system began observing Negro History Week as a result of the Aristo Club's efforts.
In 1933, Crosson published a groundbreaking article in the "Elementary English Review" titled "The Negro in Children's Literature".
It was the first article in a mainstream American teaching journal asking teachers to celebrate African-American culture, and the first article by a self-described "Negro" author to appear in the journal.
In 1945 she took a sabbatical to study intercultural education in Mexico's public schools for the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History.
Crosson was one of the few women to be given a field assignment for the ASNLH in those days, and was later elected to its executive council.
Upon her return, she began teaching at the all-black Hyde School in Roxbury, where she made many changes in the curriculum and inspired a love of reading in her students.
She also volunteered as a Sunday school teacher at the Twelfth Baptist Church, and taught black history lessons on Saturdays.
Crosson became president of the Palmer Memorial Institute, an all-black preparatory school in Sedalia, North Carolina, in 1952.
She established many new programs at the school and obtained funding from the government and the Ford Foundation.
She retired in 1966.
In 1968 she worked with North Carolina College developing a training program for Peace Corps volunteers on assignment in Liberia.
In 1970 she returned to Boston, where she did volunteer work in homeless shelters and as a tutor.
He worked in close cooperation with Frederic Westcott on the taxonomy of orchids.
He was a member of the Botanical Society of London.
Heteroxeny, or heteroxenous development, characterizes a parasite whose development involves several host species.
Heteroxeny has been used as the basis for splitting genera.
When there are two or three hosts, the development cycle is named diheteroxenous or triheteroxenous, respectively.
More ambiguously, these terms are sometimes synonymized as dixenous or trixenous.
Zvezda Moscow () is a Russian ice Hockey team based in Moscow, Russia.
Founded in 2015, they are members of the Western Conference in the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).
The team is a farm club of the KHL team CSKA Moscow.
Their home arena is the CSKA Ice Palace in Moscow.
History.
Zvezda's inaugural season in the VHL was not particularly successful, as they finished 21st out of 26 teams.
The teams sophomore season would be more successful however, as they finished 14th, qualifying for the playoffs before losing to Saryarka Karaganda in the first round.
Former Chicago Blackhawk and Olympic Silver Medalist Boris Mironov was announced as Zvezda's new head coach, having previously held the same position of the CSKA Moscow MHL affiliate Krasnaya Armiya.
The next season the team reached the Quarterfinals for the first time in history, losing to Rubin Tyumen.
Honours.
It lies on the drainage divide between the Kamnik Bistrica and Dreta rivers.
MetroWest is a transit-oriented development being developed by PulteGroup (residential) and CRC (previously Clark Realty) (commercial) adjacent to the Vienna Metro station in Fairfax County, Virginia.
It replaces 65 single-family detached houses with a mixed-use neighborhood including up to 1,174 residential units, up to of retail space, and up to of office space.
In July 2009, Fairfax County approved Pulte's request to change the allocation of space to provide more office space and less apartment space.
The project spurred significant local opposition due to its relative density compared to the surrounding area, which is generally suburban in character.
Neighbors fear increased development will lead to increased traffic congestion, while planners argue that dense development clustered near transit stations and diverse land uses generates less traffic congestion on a per unit basis than low density development, and is the only way to reduce or manage congestion on a regional basis.
The primary proposal was approved by the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors on March 27, 2006, to incorporate all of the former Fairlee residential subdivision, as well as some adjacent parcels.
Fairlee was razed at the time the project was approved, construction begun in 2007.
In addition to a Transportation Demand Management Plan to reduce congestion in the development's immediate vicinity, Pulte released a list of proffers as agreed to with Fairfax County.
Development was postponed due to a housing market correction that has impacted Fairfax County as well as most densely populated areas in the United States, but finally began in November 2008.
In 2013, developers Pulte and Clark pursued an alternative to leaving much of the razed site undeveloped by releasing a scaled down development plan, most notably replacing the multistory office and residential buildings with single-story retail shops.
Developer representatives insisted the companies were still committed to the original plan but cited lukewarm development interest as the reason for the plan's revision.
During a public meeting in June 2013, Fairfax County Supervisor Lynda Smyth reiterated her commitment to developing a full town center consistent with the original plan approved by Fairfax County, saying the revised plan had not been submitted for approval and in her opinion the board of supervisors would not give approval if it were submitted.
In late 2015, Pulte submitted a Partial Proffered Condition Amendment (PCA 2003-PR-022) proposing to delete proffer 5.b.
"Timing of High Rise Construction".
The intent of this proffer was to incentivize the construction of the office and retail component of the MetroWest development that is primarily owned by Clark Realty.
Clark expressed interest in joining with Pulte in the PCA, although as of early 2016, Clark had not identified a timeline for submittal to Fairfax County.
A PC zoning hearing for Pulte was scheduled on April 16, 2016.
In 2016, Pulte completed construction of five four-story residential condo buildings (160 units) with underground parking and elevator service.
Pulte indicated it was interested in constructing buildings 14 and 15.
On October 24, 2016 Pulte and CRC held a public outreach meeting at the Providence Recreation Center to discuss the pending Pulte Proffer Condition Amendment (PCA) and to provide updates and obtain feedback from the surrounding neighborhoods about the final phasing and build out of MetroWest.
Pulte indicated that it plans to start construction of four of the five planned senior living (55-and-over age-restricted) residential buildings in 2017, however this phase of the project was delayed.
Additionally, Pulte placed their pending PCA application (PCA 2003-PR-022) on indefinite deferral.
Their PCA proposes to modify previous commitments to permit the development of its remaining residential buildings.
CRC discussed with the community current design, market and financing constraints that have held them back from initiating construction of their portion (commercial) of MetroWest.
CRC committed to the community that they would do additional market research and design work to develop some draft design concepts that they would bring back to the community for review and comment in early 2017.
In spring 2018, Pulte reiterated its plan to start construction of four of the five senior living (55-and-over age-restricted) residential buildings.
The Fairfax County Planning Commission approved FDPA 2003-PR-022 SSL Development Company, LLC to permit the development of an assisted living facility in the fifth age-restricted residential building.
Both projects were anticipated to start construction in 2018.
The developers of MetroWest (Pulte and CRC) do not have any imminent plans to construct the mixed use core of the project.
Fairfax County Supervisor Smyth continues to strongly encourage them to work together and with the community to move the project forward.
CRC has recently partnered with Newmark Knight Frank (NKF), a New York commercial real estate firm, to find a tenant to lease a new .
Class A office building that would help to anchor the build out of MetroWest.
In fall 2018, Pulte started construction of four of the five senior living residential buildings.
In 2019, Pulte plans to continue to construct four of five senior living residential buildings.
Construction of the fifth building accommodating an assisted living by SSL Development Company, LLC will start this year.
In early 2021, Pulte Homes and the CRC Cos. announced that they were looking to build six buildings with at least 980 apartment units and of retail in the core of MetroWest.
This construction would require Fairfax County to sign off on a change to the original proffers and allow these additional projects to move forward without CRC having secured a tenant to anchor the planned office building on the site.
On November 9, 2022, the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors approved the removal of proffers requiring a certain percentage of development be dedicated to office space, recognizing that the office market had changed.
This has cleared the way to begin construction that will initially consist of two residential buildings with retail space.
Shane Hendrixson, also known by his pseudonym rapha, is an American professional esports "Quake Live", "Quake III Arena", "ShootMania", "Overwatch, and Quake Champions" player for Team Liquid.
Since he appeared in 2008, he has won sixteen major Quake duel tournaments and has placed top three in nearly every other participating tournament.
Due to Hendrixson's consistent career performance and calculated style of play, he is considered to be one of the greatest of all time.
After four years of limited practice, able to play two to six weeks out of each year, Hendrixson joined SK Gaming in 2008.
He immediately emerged as a top contender, taking third place at the Electronic Sports World Cup (ESWC) USA and grand finals.
His calculated ability, illustrated by timing, predicting, and positioning, earned him the nickname "five steps ahead," which has been jokingly echoed by the community.
At the end of his opening year, he took first place at the ESWC Masters of Athens and followed that achievement with two first place victories in 2009 and five more in 2010, securing his status as a leading player.
Red Bull included Hendrixson three times in their consideration of the five greatest "Quake Live" duel matches in history.
Biography.
Brought to QuakeCon by his father at thirteen years of age, Hendrixson attended the annual event where he was inspired by the 2002 champion John "ZeRo4" Hill and fell in love with a game that had "the perfect balance of speed, tactics and skill all rolled into one."
During his teenage years, he traveled between his divorced parents' houses and seldom played, for he lacked consistent access to both computer and Internet connection.
As a result, he progressed slowly his first four years, playing a mere two to six weeks out of each, and since he could practice online only while living with his father, Hendrixson turned to watching point-of-view demos, particularly of his idols, John "ZeRo4" Hill and Anton "Cooller" Singov.
When asked about his inability to train during his early years, Hendrixson stated, "I try not to think about it.
I mean there's nothing I could have done to change it."
He has also gone on to say, "It has kept me humble.
Since I had so few opportunities, I have to make sure every event counts and that I give it my all."
In 2008, Hendrixson signed with the professional electronic sports organization SK Gaming, and he practiced often with teammate John "ZeRo4" Hill.
After disappointing results at the Electronic Sports World Cup Masters of Paris where he failed to make it out of the group stage, Hendrixson returned home to prepare for the competition's grand finals.
During this time, Hendrixson found that "something just clicked," propelling him to take third place and 4,000 USD at the grand finals.
Months later, Hendrixson achieved his first major victory at the Electronic Sports World Cup Masters of Athens, where he defeated Sebastian "Spart1e" Siira, and solidified his status as a top player.
On November 6, 2012, SK Gaming announced Hendrixson as a player on the organization's new ShootMania team.
He stated learning a new FPS game was "refreshing" and also "a nice change of pace" compared to mostly dueling in Quake Live.
In an interview with SteelSeries, Hendrixson imparted his post-retirement plans to study mobile electronics installation at university and throughout his appearances the following two years hinted at a possible halt in competitive play.
The group eventually disbanded, and Hendrixson shifted his focus to QuakeCon 2016.
When asked about his contributions to the team, he noted that many of his skills outside of playing Quake, such as studying demos to "understand and breakdown the mistakes in my gameplay and in the play of others," would allow the team to become more consistent and synergetic, but his biggest contribution laid in his "ability to read the game well and adapt accordingly while performing consistently."
He has now retired from competitive Overwatch to pursue his Quake career again in Quake Champions.
Style of play.
Hendrixson is most well known for his strong positioning, calm disposition, and ability to foresee his opponents' course of action minutes into the future, which Hendrixson attributes to his earlier years of playing basketball, saying it helped him develop the "ability to see the play unfold before it even happens and being aware of everything around you."
In fact, Hendrixson believed any sport taught the importance of fundamentals.
Noticing the parallel between sport and Quake, Hendrixson realized "how important it was to get the fundamentals down and master them, because when you're having an off day, you can always fall back on them.
It becomes second nature to you."
Almost always the strategy portion in my case."
Hendrixson has described his biggest strengths to be "getting into the head of my opponent.
Being able to be not just one but at times three, four, sometimes even five steps ahead of what they're going to do.
And if they change something other than what I thought, being able to adapt quickly to the change and doing what I can to turn it in my favour.
Sometimes my aim helps, but to me I aim well because of the way I think.
It's not really a big reflex thing."
Like always I'm just going to look at the strengths and weaknesses of who I have to play and from there just worry about myself and try to make sure I'm giving myself the best chance to win no matter who I have to play.
The only thing I can really control is myself and how I'm playing.
I try not to think too much about how good someone else is at the time.
I just respect what they bring to the table and try my best to overcome it."
If not, you'll sell yourself short, which is why you shouldn't be in the mindset of just trying to finish in the Top8 or Top4.
You need to strive to be the best because that's what the best do."
Though he has even noted nervousness as "being helpful", he feels "there's no reason to feel down or let pressure get to you.
I can't do anything about the previous games anyway."
Selected championships.
Listed below are prominent people from the Eastern Caribbean, the Guianas.
This article describes the energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Egypt.
Petroleum.
Crude oil.
Egypt has the sixth-largest proved oil reserves in Africa.
Over half of these reserves are offshore reserves.
Although Egypt is not a member of OPEC, it is a member of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries.
, Egypt's proven oil reserves were estimated at , of which was crude oil and were natural gas liquids.
Oil production in 2005 was , (down from in 1996), of which crude oil accounted for .
The National oil company is the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation.
Egypt is estimated to hold initial recoverable liquid reserves.
After decades of production, it is estimated that the country has approximately recoverable oil remaining, as of January 2011.
Shale oil.
The Safaga-Quseir area of the Eastern Desert is estimated to have reserves equivalent about of in-place shale oil and the Abu Tartour area of the Western Desert is estimated to have about of in-place shale oil.
Apache Corporation, using substantial assets acquired in 2010 from BP after the Deepwater Horizon disaster, is the major operator in the Western Desert, often in joint ventures with Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) such as Khalda Petroleum Company and Qarun Petroleum Company.
In 1996 Apache merged with Phoenix Resources, which had made the Qarun discovery in 1994, and took over operations of the Qarun Concession in Egypt.
Oil shale.
Oil shale resources were red in the Safaga-Quseir area of the Eastern Desert in the 1940s.
The oil shale in the Red Sea area could be extracted by underground mining.
In the Abu Tartour are, oil shale be mined as byproduct whilst mining for phosphates.
Oil shale in Egypt is foreseen as a potential fuel for the power generation.
Natural gas.
, Egypt's reserves of natural gas are estimated at , which are the third largest in Africa.
Egypt's production of natural gas was estimated at in 2013, of which almost was domestically consumed.
Natural gas is exported by the Arab Gas Pipeline to the Middle East and in the future potentially to Europe.
When completed, it will have a total length of .
Natural gas is also exported as liquefied natural gas (LNG), produced at the plants of Egyptian LNG and SEGAS LNG.
BP and Eni, the Italian oil and gas company, together with Gas Natural Fenosa of Spain, built major liquefied natural gas facilities in Egypt for the export market, but the plants were largely idled as domestic gas consumption has soared.
BP said it would develop a large quantity of offshore gas, equivalent to about one-quarter of Egypt's output, and bring it onshore for domestic consumers.
Gas from the project, called West Nile Delta, was expected to begin flowing in 2017.
BP said that additional exploration might double the amount of gas available.
In September 2015, Eni announced the discovery of the Zohr gas field, largest in the Mediterranean.
Dolphinus Holdings Ltd provides gas from Israeli fields to Egypt.
Nuclear power.
The Nuclear Power Plants Authority (NPPA) was established in 1976, and in 1983 the El Dabaa site on the Mediterranean coast was selected.
Egypt's nuclear plans, however, were shelved after the Chernobyl accident.
In 2006, Egypt announced it would revive its civilian nuclear power programme, and build a 1,000 MW nuclear power station at El Dabaa.
In March 2008, Egypt signed an agreement with Russia on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
In 2015, contracts were signed with a Russian company to begin the building of the plant at El Dabaa.
Renewable energy.
Hydropower.
The majority of Egypt's electricity supply is generated from thermal and hydropower stations.
The four main hydroelectric generating stations currently operating in Egypt are the Aswan Low Dam, the Esna Dam, the Aswan High Dam, and the Naga Hamady Barrages.
The Asyut Barrage hydropower plant is scheduled to be commissioned and added as a fifth station in 2016.
Almost all hydroelectric generation in Egypt comes from the Aswan High Dam.
An ongoing refurbishment program is being enacted to not only increase the generating capacity of the dam to 2.4GW, but also extend the operational life of the turbines by about 40 years.
In 2011, Egypt produced 156.6 TWh gross, of which 12.9 TWh came from hydroelectric generation.
The percentage of hydropower energy is steadily declining due to all major conventional hydropower sites already having been developed with a limited potential for further increase in generating capacity.
Outside of the Aswan High Dam, the other hydropower sites are considered very modest and most new generation plants being built in Egypt are based on fossil fuels.
Even with the addition of the Asyut Barrage hydropower plant in 2016, hydropower development in Egypt is still lagging as the existing and developed hydropower plants are no longer being constructed at a rate that can support the increasing electricity consumption in Egypt.
Every six months there are 1 million more Egyptians.
The only remaining significant hydropower site that is currently undeveloped is the Qattara Depression.
Several schemes have been proposed through the years to implement a Qattara Depression Project.
None of which have been executed due to prohibitive capital costs and technical difficulties.
Depending on the generating scheme chosen the Qattara Depression could potentially generate anywhere from 670MW to 6800MW.
Solar.
Egypt has a high solar availability as a result of its hot desert climate.
The total capacity of installed photovoltaic systems is about 4.5 MWp.
They are used in remote areas for water pumping, desalination, rural clinics, telecommunications, rural village electrification, etc.
The proposed large-scale solar power project Desertec also involves Egypt.
In some areas, the country receives over 4,000 hours of sunshine per year, which is among the highest quantities registered in the world.
Due to the sharp population growth and a series of blackouts during the summer caused by a supply shortage, Egyptian demand for solar energy is increasing.
The majority of solar energy available in the country derives from small-scale projects.
In 2019 Egypt completed one of the biggest solar installations in the world, Benban Solar Park, which generates 1.8 GW to power 1 million homes.
The contracts include 32 solar energy projects.
Wind.
Egypt has a high potential for wind energy, especially in the Red Sea coast area.
"Compressi" means "truck tipper" in Persian.
The company manufactures truck tippers and other industrial machinery components for domestic and international market.
History.
Iran Compress was founded in 1962 to manufacture different types of dumper and relevant equipment.
Soon, as a leading manufacturer, it succeeded to cooperate remarkably with local heavy vehicle manufacturing companies like Khavar, Zamyad, Iran Kaveh, etc.
To meet local market needs for back truck equipment, Iran Compress improved its business gradually by designing and manufacturing new products for different applications especially in city services details of which can be seen in products section.
Operations.
Truck-Mounted Cranes.
Trygetus is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae.
It was first described in 1882 by Simon. , it contains 7 species.
The men's 50 metre backstroke S2 event at the 2012 Paralympic Games took place on 5 September, at the London Aquatics Centre.
Two heats were held, both with five swimmers.
Abdul Kahir Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi politician.
He was elected a Member of Parliament for the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in Sylhet-5 (Kanaighat-Zakiganj) constituency in the February 1996 Bangladeshi general election.
He is currently the president of Sylhet District BNP.
Solio Ranch or Solio Game Reserve is a privately owned wildlife conservancy located in Kenya's Central Province.
The ranch is a fenced, privately owned protected area geared toward rhino conservation.
By the end of 2009, Kenya had 635 black rhinos and 353 white rhinos in various conservation areas around the country.
Name.
Solio Ranch is named after Solio who was a great Maasai chief.
History.
From 1970 through to 2003, the world population of the African black rhinoceros declined from about 65,000 to an estimated 3,725.
It was estimated that in Kenya, the population dropped from 18,000 to 1500 in 1980 and only 400 in 1990.
This sharp decline was caused by poaching in all areas during the 1970s and the early 1980s, both inside and outside of the national parks and reserves, with few controls and little enforcement.
One outcome of the intensive killing was to leave small remnant populations, sometimes just a single individual, scattered across the country with no hope of long-term survival and often endangering nearby human settlements while still under threat from poaching.
Kenya's Wildlife and Conservation Management Department approached Mr Courtland Parfet, owner of the Solio cattle ranch located on the Laikipia plateau in central Kenya, for assistance.
With a commitment to conservation, a 13,500 acre area of the ranch had already been fenced off to protect indigenous wildlife and allow them to live their natural life without interference or threat from humans.
The Solio Game Reserve was home to many buffalos, zebras, gazelles and leopards but there were no rhinos.
The Wildlife and Conservation Management Department, the forerunner of today's Kenya Wildlife Service, requested Solio to take in some remnant black rhinos while a permanent home was found for them.
The first five individuals were moved in from Kiboko in the south-east of Kenya in 1970 and the country's first sanctuary for rhinos was established.
With no other secure areas available, over the next 10 years the department continued to move in more rhinos.
By 1980, 23 founders from nine different areas had been introduced into Solio Game Reserve.
With excellent habitat and securely hidden from view, this new group of rhinos bred and prospered, and the reserve had to be extended to 17,000 acres in 1991.
In the meantime other areas in Kenya in national parks and private ranches were made sufficiently secure to take in rhinos, and Solio became the prime founder source for many populations.
By 1992 there were 66 black rhinos in the reserve, and this after some 30 individuals had been moved out to help form nucleus populations in other new reserves including Nakuru National Park, Sweetwaters Game Reserve, Lewa Downs Conservancy and Ol Jogi.
The rhinos continued to thrive, and by the end of 2005 there had been 67 translocations to other areas.
However, at the start of 2000 the reserve became a major target for professional poachers and in a five-year period nine black rhinos were either shot or caught in snares.
Rhino conservation.
In March 2003, the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) adopted a new management plan for black rhino conservation in Kenya.
Surplus rhinos from both private land and national parks and reserves were to continue being used to complete the stocking of new sanctuaries in both sectors.
Kenya Wildlife Service reported that there was an urgent need to maintain a sustainable and high annual growth rate in population to develop and conserve a genetically viable population of black rhinos of the East African race or subspecies ("diceros bicornis michaeli") in their natural habitats in Kenya.
This was to be accomplished through increased attention to biological management and law enforcement.
Rhino monitoring scheme.
In 1990 a fire at the ranch had destroyed records and numbers of rhino in the game reserve were based on estimates.
In 1992 there were estimated to be 66 black rhino, but in 2005 after increased poaching the estimate had dropped to 55 animals.
A large part of the park consists of bush, making it difficult to observe and track the rhino populations.
Also identification of individuals is difficult and prone to error.
In 2005 a monitoring scheme was started.
The game reserve was organised in sectors and a photographic database was created of the rhino population.
Ranchers were trained to observe and identify individual animals using the photographic database.
The location of the animal and time of day would be recorded.
After the first year of monitoring 5947 sightings had been made.
From the systematically collected data, they concluded that the park contained about 87 rhino, 46 males, 38 females and 3 calves of unknown sex.
It was concluded that the Solio Game Reserve was over stocked and a reduction of between 45 and 55 individuals would be required.
Thirty individuals were selected using the age and sex profiles collected.
The selection had to ensure that balanced populations should remain and be created after trans-location.
After trans-location, monitoring of the rhino continued, showing a strong increase in population growth rate.
During 2010 the Kenya Wildlife Service planned to move 600 buffaloes from Solio Ranch to the Aberdare National Park and other locations.
Solio Ranch is one of Kenya's critical rhino habitats that has suffered adverse effects from the prolonged drought requiring immediate action to protect the rhinos from suffering the consequences.
Solio Ranch settlement scheme.
Solio Ranch was originally much larger and had served also as a cattle ranch.
In 2007 the Kenyan Government purchased through the Settlement Trustee Fund approximately 15,000 acres from Solio Ranch.
Most of the land acquired lies within Laikipia East District in the Rift Valley Province.
Valuation of land.
According to the Kenyan Government, 85,000 KES per acre was paid for the land.
The initial valuation for the land had been valued at 50,000 KES per acre, against an initial offer of 100,000 KES per acre from the owners.
The land was sub-divided into three equal divisions of 5000 acres, raising the demand for each sub-division and hence increasing the valuation to 85,000KES per acre.
In total the Government paid 1,275,000,000 KES.
The Government was criticised widely that the land had been overpriced.
Solio Project. 2,984 squatters and needy, mainly ex-forest squatters who had been evicted from Mount Kenya and Aberdare forests in the 1980s and early 1990s were settled.
The scheme consists of seven residential villages of half-acre plots surrounded by four-acre agricultural plots, allowing for the easy provision of infrastructure such as water, schools etc.
Relocation of wildlife, 2008.
The sector sold for resettlement contained numerous wildlife species including Lelwel hartebeest (a rare and unique species in the District), plains zebra, impala, Thomson's gazelle, oryx, and eland.
These animals were threatened with poaching and other threats so together, the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), Lewa Wildlife Conservancy and the Ol Pejeta Conservancy started a process of translocation of over 3000 animals to various conservancies and parks as shown in the table below.
Early settlement conditions and drought.
Initially provision of houses and facilities were not honoured and the settlers were forced to live in tents provided by UNICEF.
As a result, for several years Solio had been a refugee camp with people living in the dust.
A prolonged drought changed the land from undeveloped and fertile to an arid wasteland, and it was becoming very difficult to successfully grow anything.
A constant strong wind added to the problems, with topsoil being blown off.
Living conditions were awful as so many people were forced to live with no permanent structures at all.
After two years the tents were ragged and holed.
Children were being taught ad hoc in classes of up to 100 children under canvas with no furniture or books.
In many respects the settlers had simply been forgotten.
In 2009 the NGO, Moving Mountains, started a strategic program to provide housing and schools for the settlers, and since the Kenyan Government has also assisted.
Community outreach.
It is reported that the Government bought the land following instructions from First Lady Lucy Kibaki and local area member of parliament Ephraim Maina Mwangi, who were both touched by the plight of squatters, who had for years been residing on a roadside in Kagochi area of Nyeri East District.
These squatters had been evicted from Mount Kenya and Aberdare forests.
Lady Lucy Kibaki assisted by Mathira member of parliament Ephraim Maina Mwangi approached Central Provincial Commissioner, Jaspher Rugut to find suitable land for the resettlement of these squatters.
Bathley is a village and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England, north-west of Newark-on-Trent.
According to the 2001 census it had a population of 246.
Bathley is recorded in the Domesday Book as Badeleie.
The Dean of Killaloe is based at the Cathedral Church of St Flannan in Killaloe in the united diocese of Limerick, Killaloe and Ardfert within the Church of Ireland.
The Dean of Killaloe is also Dean of St Brendans, Clonfert, Dean of Kilfenora, and both Dean and Provost of Kilmacduagh.
Since 2020 the incumbent is Roderick Lindsay Smyth.
Deans of Killaloe.
Robert Smith, better known by his stage name Rob Sonic, is an American rapper and record producer from the Bronx, New York.
He has been a member of the groups Sonic Sum and Hail Mary Mallon.
He is a founder of the record label Skypimps Music.
Biography.
Rob Sonic is originally from Washington, D.C. As a child, he moved to New York.
He started rapping at age 12.
In 2011, Smith released the album "Are You Gonna Eat That?" on Rhymesayers Entertainment with Aesop Rock and DJ Big Wiz under the alias Hail Mary Mallon.
The group's second album, "Bestiary", was released in 2014 on the same label.
In 2004, he released his debut solo studio album, "Telicatessen", on Definitive Jux.
In 2007, he released "Sabotage Gigante" on the label.
The United Kingdom is formally responsible for Bermuda's foreign and defense policy.
In the early 20th century, as modern transportation and communication systems developed, Bermuda became a popular destination for wealthy American, British, and Canadian tourists.
During World War II, Bermuda became a significant United States Armed Forces site because of its location in the Atlantic Ocean.
In 1941, the US signed a lend-lease agreement with the UK giving the British surplus US Navy destroyers in exchange for 99-year lease rights to establish naval and air bases in Bermuda.
The bases consisted of of land largely reclaimed from the sea.
The US Naval Air Station was on St. David's Island, while the US Naval Air Station Annex was at the western end of the island in the Great Sound.
Both bases were closed in September 1995 (as were British and Canadian bases), and the lands were formally returned to the Government of Bermuda in 2002.
The Government of Bermuda has begun to pursue some international initiatives independent of the UK in recent years.
An estimated 8,500 US citizens live in Bermuda, many employed in the international business community.
Many American businesses are also incorporated in Bermuda, although no figures are available.
Despite the trend of American companies moving to Bermuda or other offshore jurisdictions to escape US taxes, Bermuda maintains that the island is not a "tax haven" and that it taxes both local and foreign businesses equally.
While US visitors to Bermuda are critical to the island's tourism industry, the number of US visitors to Bermuda is declining.
The number of air and cruise passengers from the US totaled 464,000 in 2000.
That number fell to 451,924 American passengers in 2006.
Another 3,861 Americans sailed to the island via private yacht in 2006.
Areas of opportunity for US investors are in the re-insurance and financial services industries, although the former US base lands may also present long-term investment opportunities.
Diplomatic missions.
He is a noted expert on Roman art and archaeology and a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, corresponding Fellow of the British Academy, of the Academia Europaea, of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, the Pontifical Academy of Archaeology and of the German Archaeological Institute.
From 1990 to 1991 he was the Sather professor of the University of California at Berkeley.
Zanker is head of the German Commission for the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.
Cobalt Air was a Cypriot airline headquartered in Nicosia based out of Larnaca International Airport.
The airline operated its maiden flight on 1 June 2016 from Larnaca to Athens.
It was the second Cypriot airline after Tus Airways to be established since the dissolution of flag carrier Cyprus Airways in 2015.
However, Cobalt Air ceased all operations on 17 October 2018 facing financial difficulties.
History.
The first Airbus A320 aircraft arrived in April 2016 and the airline was granted an air operator's certificate (AOC) on 18 May 2016 following a test flight between Larnaca and Heraklion.
According to chairman Gregory Diacou, Cobalt planned to receive another three aircraft of the same type by the end of June 2016.
On 4 March 2017, it was announced by the transport minister of Cyprus that Cobalt would operate the route from Paphos to Athens after Ryanair stopped operating the route in late March.
In May 2017, the airline announced that it would add five rows of 'economy comfort seats' to its 6 aircraft, to be sold at an additional fee at the airport, or as business-class seats in a 2x2.
A frequent flyer program was to be implemented.
In August 2017, the airline announced plans to fit its fleet with onboard Wi-Fi available to passengers, part of a move from the airline's original low-cost approach to more of a full-service model.
In May 2018, the airline announced it would be using a portable wireless IFE platform called Bluebox Wow to introduce IFE across its fleet.
In June 2018, Cobalt signed an agreement with Etihad Airways to allow passengers to check their bags through on connecting flights to destinations on the over 100 routes on the Etihad network.
On 17 October 2018, Cobalt Airways suspended all operations indefinitely due to financial difficulties.
On 2 November 2018, it was reported that A Cypriot Administrative Court had temporarily reinstated Cobalt's Air Transport License (ATL) after overturning an earlier Air Transport Licensing Authority (ATLA) decision to withdraw it.
This was due to a request from Virgin Atlantic, who had leased London Heathrow slots to Cobalt and was in danger of losing them given the cancellation of Cobalt's operating licences.
As such, in addition to saving the UK carrier's Heathrow slots, the formal reinstatement of Cobalt's ATL would allow the Cypriot carrier to continue its hunt for a Good Samaritan investor willing to revive its operations.
On 5 November, the day of the court case, it was reported Virgin had withdrawn the legal bid against the airline.
This led to the suspension of the airline's ATL for a second time.
Destinations.
As of February 2018, Cobalt Air flew to 23 destinations in 13 countries, all in Europe, Russia and the Middle East.
Prior to the closure of the airline, several network expansions were planned.
The airline also announced its intention to launch operations to Moscow from Larnaca by the end of the year.
It initially intended to launch the service to Moscow in summer 2017, but failed to complete the formalities on time, subsequently the route is planned to launch in late March 2018.
The airline also stated its interest in operating to Saint Petersburg in the near future.
In March 2018, it was announced the airline would start a route from Athens to London-Gatwick, its first route to not originate from Cyprus, its home base.
Towards the end it began flying to Heathrow Airport in England too.
Fleet.
Aircraft cabins.
Cobalt Air offered business class on selected routes operated by Airbus A320 aircraft but the airline's fleet of Airbus A319s did not feature the business class offering.
Business class featured 12 large leather seats in a 2 by 2 configuration.
Passengers were offered priority boarding, a dedicated check-in desk, spacious seating and an extensive dining menu that could be ordered at a time of customer's choice.
In addition, Business Class passengers had access to a business class lounge.
In economy class passengers are offered a Buy-on-board service.
In-flight entertainment.
The airline offered in flight entertainment through a portable wireless IFE platform called Bluebox Wow.
Bluebox Wow was a portable, lunchbox-sized unit.
Each box's single, swappable and rechargeable battery could deliver up to 15 hours of streamed video content.
Cobalt Air had specified three Bluebox Wow units per aircraft, which are secured in the overhead lockers.
Frequent flyer program.
In September 2018, Cobalt Air launched a passenger recognition programme "Cobalt Elements".
Members received a Cobalt Elements black card and premium baggage tags.
Elements vouchers could be used to upgrade flights.
An annual membership included three complimentary upgrade vouchers from economy to business class.
Life.
He was born on April 13, 1896, in Canton, Fulton County, Illinois, the son of Basil V. Brees and Maria (Orline) Brees.
In 1924, he married his second wife, Nina Vivian McBride of Ava, Illinois.
Their daughter Vivian Ella was born on January 17, 1927.
In 1933, he married Frances Willard Freeman, and their only child was Orlo Manford Brees (born 1939).
Brees was a member of the New York State Assembly (Broome Co., 2nd D.) from 1941 to 1952, sitting in the 163rd, 164th, 165th, 166th, 167th, and 168th New York State Legislatures.
He resigned his seat after his election to the State Senate.
On February 13, 1952, Brees was elected to the New York State Senate (45th D.), to fill the vacancy caused by the appointment of Floyd E. Anderson to the New York Supreme Court.
In August 1952, Brees ran for re-nomination in the Republican primary, but was defeated by Floyd Anderson's son Warren M. Anderson.
He succeeded Jobab ben Zerah in the apparently elective kingship of the Edomites.
He is mentioned as being from "the land of Temani", which may refer to the Edomite clan Teman.
Husham was succeeded upon his death by Hadad ben Bedad.
Background.
Today, Svedala IF is only a football club, but this was not always the case particularly in the club's early years when they participated in wrestling, gymnastics, athletics and football.
The club currently has more than 300 youth players from the junior school age up to 16 years.
There are also men's and ladies teams which the youth system feeds into.
Since their foundation Svedala IF has participated mainly in the middle and lower divisions of the Swedish football league system.
Park Avenue is a musical with a book by George S. Kaufman and Nunnally Johnson, music by Arthur Schwartz and lyrics by Ira Gershwin.
It was produced by Max Gordon with costumes by Tina Leser.
The plot focused on the many divorces and marriages of the rich and "black tie" set.
The production performed poorly and was Gershwin's last work for Broadway.
Background and production.
Gershwin wanted "Park Avenue" to be a change from period shows such as "Oklahoma!."
The musical opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre on November 4, 1946 and closed on January 4, 1947 after 72 performances.
Directed by Kaufman with choreography by Helen Tamiris, the cast featured David Wayne as Mr. Meachem, Ray McDonald as Ned Scott, Martha Stewart as Madge Bennett, Leonora Corbett as Mrs. Sybil Bennett, Mary Wickes as Mrs. Betty Nelson, and Arthur Margetson as Ogden Bennett.
An Equity Showcase concert, New York City, ran in 1999.
Synopsis.
The preparations for the wedding of young lovers Madge Bennett and Ned Scott are proceeding at the Long Island summer home of her mother Sybil and her 4th husband Ogden.
Between husbands, the women discuss what to do with their time ("Don't Be A Woman if You Can"), listing their choices over clothing and nail polish.
Mrs. Bennett and Mr. Meachem praise the "divorce capitol", "Sweet Nevada", as they waltz.
Madge and Ned see the crumbled marriages around them and decide to call off their wedding plans ("Goodbye to All That").
Critical reception.
Brooks Atkinson theatre critic for "The New York Times" wrote, "Some of the most imposing people in show business are collaborating on a singularly unimposing musical comedy...
The snobberies of the people they are satirizing have infected the writers...
They are too fascinated by their astringent style to write a good, earthy musical show.
Pahasa is a village in Asoha block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
It has one primary school and one medical clinic.
As of 2011, its population is 1,355, in 271 households.
The 1961 census recorded Pahasa as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 540 (280 male and 260 female), in 165 households and 120 physical houses.
Canfield Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Burleigh County, North Dakota.
It is a privately owned property with refuge easement rights for flooding with 3 acres owned in fee, and is one of six easement refuges managed under Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
It is closed to hunting.
This is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge.
The FWS has an easement on private property allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property.
There is no public access except from adjacent public roads.
Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression.
Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.
The refuge centers on the 3,400-acre glacial Canfield Lake, which attracts concentrations waterfowl.
Lorenzo Paoli (born 17 February 1988 in Urbino) is an Italian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie D club Pineto.
Club career.
Paoli signed his first professional footballing contract with Serie C2 club San Marino Calcio, and made his first appearance in a league match against Gubbio on 7 October 2007.
She was also styled Dame of Montgascon.
She was the wife of Bertrand IV de La Tour, and the mother of Bertrand V de La Tour who succeeded her as Count of Auvergne and Boulogne.
Life.
Marie was born in France in September 1376, the only child of Godfroy of Auvergne, Seigneur de Montgascon, Seigneur de Roche-Savine, and his second wife Jeanne de Ventadour.
Her mother died shortly after Marie's birth on 19 September 1376.
Her father married thirdly Blanche de Bouteiller de Senlis, which produced two half-siblings, Antoine and Marguerite.
Her father died in 1385, when Marie was nine years of age.
Sometime after 11 January 1389, Marie married Bertrand IV, Seigneur de La Tour, the son of Guy de La Tour and Marthe Rogier de Beaufort.
Her husband Bertrand died in 1423, sometime after 23 September.
She inherited her titles the following year.
Reign.
She ruled as countess until her own death, which occurred on 7 August 1437.
Her only son, Bertrand succeeded her as count of Auvergne and Boulogne.
The 18th Canadian Folk Music Awards were presented between March 31 and April 2, 2023, to honour achievements in folk music by Canadian artists in 2022.
The Bristol Biplane Type 'T', sometimes called the Challenger-Dickson Biplane, was a derivative of the Bristol Boxkite.
It was built in 1911 by the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company and was designed as a cross-country racing aircraft for Maurice Tabuteau.
Development.
The Type 'T' was not a development of the Bristol Boxkite but did use some of the experience gained with the Boxkite.
It was designed by George Challenger, with the assistance of practical advice from Captain Bertram Dickson, a prominent pilot of the day.
It had the same "Farman" configuration as the Boxkite, differing principally in having an enclosed nacelle to house the pilot.
The rear-mounted twin rudders were balanced, unlike those of the Boxkite.
The first aircraft (Bristol No. 45) was built to compete in the 1911 "Circuit de l'Europe" race, with Maurice Tabuteau as pilot, and was powered by a Gnome Gamma rotary engine.
Tabateau put up a creditable performance, and completed all of the race's nine stages.
Four more aircraft were built for 1911 Daily Mail Circuit of Britain Air Race.
These differed from the design of No. 45 in having a modified nacelle and rudders placed further out, away from the slipstream of the engine.
Maurice Tabuteau also entered the race in the original Type T No. 45 but none of Type Ts finished the race.
After the crash of No. 51 none of the Type Ts were flown again.
An additional machine, No. 59, was modified by Gordon England as the Challenger-England biplane.
One more aircraft, No.
The Challenger-England biplane.
Under the direction of Gordon England one aircraft was later converted to a tractor configuration, powered by a E.N.V.
C!
True Hollywood Stories is the third studio album by American rapper Canibus, released through Archives Music on October 30, 2001.
The album is Canibus' first release on an independent record label (his first two albums, "Can-I-Bus" and "2000 B.C. ", were released on Universal Records).
The album was named after the television show "E!
True Hollywood Story".
This album sets itself apart from his first two albums by seemingly being a concept album, some songs rapped from the perspective of Stan, the fan from the Eminem song "Stan".
It can also be noted Canibus' rhyme style and flow resemble more that of Eminem than the style presented on his first two albums, which led to mixed reviews from the public.
Critical reception.
"C!
True Hollywood Stories" garnered mixed reviews from music critics.
Brad Mills of AllMusic was ambivalent towards the album, admiring the chill vibe used throughout but found the video games beats not working half the time with Canibus' battle flow, concluding that "If you're a die-hard fan, don't expect the MC murderer listeners have grown used to, but don't completely write it off either.
An introspective effort."
Steve 'Flash' Juon of "RapReviews" saw potential in the album's concept but felt it was undone by poor production choices, lackluster humor and failure to commit to parodying the show following lyrical standouts like "R U Lyrically Fit?" and "Box Cutta' Blade Runna", saying that "Canibus sounds like their musical equivalent - showing flashes of the greatness that made him famous but drowning in a river of bad ideas poorly executed over lackluster beats."
Marvin B.
From Hallock, Minnesota, Hanson received his bachelor's degree from University of Minnesota and his law degree from Columbia Law School.
He had served in the United States Peace Corps.
Hanson served in the Minnesota State Senate as a Democrat from 1977 to 1982.
Hanson attended Red River Lutheran Church near Hallock.
Charl du Toit (born 26 March 1993) is a South African former Paralympic sprinter who competed in the T37 class.
Du Toit has competed at two Summer Paralympic Games, London 2012 and Rio 2016.
At the 2016 Summer Olympics he won gold medals in the 100 metre and 400 metre races, setting a world record in the latter.
Personal history.
Du Toit was born in Pretoria, South Africa in 1993.
He has cerebral palsy.
Chazezesa Challengers are a Zimbabwean Sungura music band formed in 1993 under the direction of the late System Tazvida in Chitungwiza.
System, a Khiama Boys alumnus, grew sick of not receiving his fair share of royalties and decided to form his own band.
Both his stints in Khiama Boys and the Sungura Boys had ended without any financial compensation.
He recruited some experienced musicians, including his bassist brother Peter.
The band of five are veterans of the Zimbabwe music scene.
His brother Peter is a Nyami Nyami Sounds alumnus.
Guitarist LeeRoy Lunga had played with both the Super Sounds and the Kasongo Band, while percussionist Lucky Mumiriki had experience with the Hurungwe Sounds and the Sungura Boys.
The group is also known as Boyz DzeSmoko.
Music style.
The group successfully mixed elements of sungura, jazz, South African mbaqanga and traditional sounds, creating an appealing and popular blend.
Some of their top songs include Anodyiwa Haature, Kaserura Ndizvo, Smoko, Ndiridze Mhere, Ukarambwa Usacheme, and Vaforomani.
System Tazvida is known for stressing that he liked better playing for rural crowds who he said liked and appreciated his music by singing along and dancing to it spiritedly when he did live shows.
The Challengers were known for their humorous love lyrics and satirical subjects.
The band also toured in Mozambique, where they were popular.
Descent.
The band experienced two deaths in quick succession, as drummer Wezhira Shoko and talismanic leader System Tazvida both died near the turn of the millennium.
Peter Tazvida, System's brother who assumed leadership of the group after his brothers death also succumbed to illness in mid-2002.
This, did not stop the group.
The Chazezesa Challengers operate a variety of community projects in Zimbabwe.
Jonathan made his debut screen appearance in the pilot episode "Covert Aggression in Netball", broadcast on 22 March 2011.
Bodie secured the role while working in the United States and returned to Melbourne to play Jonathan.
Jonathan is based on the show creator Bevan Lee.
He is characterised as a caring, stylish and doting friend.
Bodie would often implement his own ideas while filming the character.
Jonathan is a gay character and has relationships with Chris Jones (Lachlan Woods) and Rhys Mitchell (Nick Simpson-Deeks).
But it is his long-term friendship with Frances James (Virginia Gay) that fills most of his screen time.
Originally centric to other character's storylines, the show developed the character during the show's second season.
His story found him battling public perceptions of homosexuality and homophobia.
Other storylines for the character include his break-up with Chris, romantic life with Rhys and their subsequent wedding.
Bodie was delighted that the Seven Network supported his character's gay wedding plot.
The character has polarised critics due to his homosexuality.
Columnists from "The Age" often criticised the character.
Frances Atkinson named him a cliched role, Melinda Houston thought he was the show's only "irritant" and Jim Schembri accused him of being a "critic-baiting" character.
But Debi Enker believed writers had toned the character's flamboyancy down.
Anthony D. Langford of TheBacklot.com became an avid supporter of Jonathan and Rhys' storyline.
While viewer opinion has been positive.
"TV Week's" Erin McWhirter stated that his persona delighted viewers and Matt Akersten of Samesame.com.au noted heightened viewer support for his storyline with Rhys.
Development.
Creation and casting.
Bodie had previously worked with "Winners and Losers" producer Maryanne Carroll on a show titled "Short Cuts".
She remembered his work and helped him secure the role.
He sent the self-test footage over to the casting department in Australia.
Bodie was in the United States at the time he auditioned.
He was required to carry out to further auditions before being officially cast.
Bodie returned to Australia and branded Jonathan his dream role.
Bodie's casting in the show was publicised in tabloid media ahead of the series premiere.
In a press release Bodie stated "I've never hit that prime time slot before, this is an exciting point in my career, something I've never done before."
Characterisation.
Jonathan is a country boy originally from the Dandenongs.
He was raised in an accepting and supportive family consisting of an "intelligent mother and gentle vintner Dad".
Bodie has stated that the character is based on show on creator Bevan Lee and he wrote many of the character's "one-liners".
The characters qualities are a caring nature and being a good friend.
Bodie told Erin McWhirter from "TV Week" that his character loves his best friend Frances James (Virginia Gay) dearly and added "he's always carefree and enjoying himself."
He added that viewers had approached him wanting to hire an assistant like Jonathan.
He has a stylish fashion sense, loves good food and wine and knows the best people and venues around Melbourne.
His has charming and erudite persona and a "super efficient assistant" who is always well dressed in a business suit.
Jonathan is an openly gay man.
But he is not overly camp or effeminate.
He is well spoken but can unleash his sharp wit on others.
Bodie was often asked by fans about his own sexuality.
The actor took it as a compliment because he felt like he portrayed Jonathan's homosexuality in an accurate manner.
Bodie had to tone down his own "over-the-top" personality while playing Jonathan.
He liked to add his own ideas into the characterisation but during filming directors often refused.
Bodie quipped that he did not do the role justice unless directors told no more than times.
Bodie said that he has a similar energy to Jonathan who is always trying to cheer the other characters up.
He said that he likes to play such characters because you can be more creative.
Friendship with Frances James.
Jonathan shares a close friendship with Frances.
Bodie told a reporter from Yahoo!7 that Jonathan adores Frances for who she is.
As her personal assistant he not only helps to take charge of her work life but her personal life too.
Bodie enjoyed working with Gay on Jonathan and Frances' friendship.
He found their scenes "creative, playful and fresh."
He stated that his character's entire existence on the show hinged on the chemistry he and Gay shared.
Bodie added that "the favourite aspect of playing my character is that with every day I get to explore, invest, create and delight in each scene trying to make Frances ease up on the heartburn."
Jonathan finds Frances hilarious but he constantly worries about her emotions which he believes to be damaged.
He understands her and realises that she can handle businessmen but is unable to deal with romance.
He serves to help her out in romantic situations.
Gay has stated that Jonathan is so important to Frances because he is her complete opposite.
She described him as "impulsive, ridiculous, socially canny, he's the yin to her yang."
Relationships.
The character was originally partnered with Chris Jones (Lachlan Woods), who unlike Jonathan was from an unaccepting family and did not dare disclose his relationship with Jonathan.
This element makes Jonathan feel lucky to be loved by those closest to him.
Chris ultimately ends their relationship.
"TV Week's" Erin Miller reported that Jonathan would see Chris while on a night out with Sophie Wong (Melanie Vallejo).
But Chris reveals that he is now straight and introduces them to his girlfriend.
Miller added that the revelation would be a "shocking blow" for Jonathan.
Bodie revealed that Jonathan's personal life would be explored more during the show's second season.
Jonathan begins a relationship with Rhys Mitchell (Nick Simpson-Deeks).
But this is awkward because Rhys' coming out had broken his former girlfriend, Jenny Gross' (Melissa Bergland) heart and she is also friends with Jonathan.
The pair face further problems when Rhys cannot embrace Jonathan's public displays of affection because he feels awkward about society's reaction.
The show invested more time in their relationship towards the season two finale.
When Jonathan helps to plan Sophie and Doug Graham's (Tom Wren) wedding he discusses his own thoughts on marriage.
Rhys is inspired by Jonathan's views and proposes to him.
The pair marry surrounded by their friends.
But their ceremony is deemed illegal under Australian law.
Bodie explained to Miller that Rhys is leaving to work overseas with Zach Armstrong (Stephen Phillips).
The pair love each other so should make it official.
He branded their ceremony "sweet" and was proud to be involved in a gay wedding storyline.
He added "I was glad Channel Seven was glad to back the topic - it was beautifully written."
Following Rhys' departure the duo's relationship was played out off-screen.
Don Groves from "If Magazine" reported that Bodie had signed with management in the United States and planned to take his career there.
Jonathan departed the show during the third season finale.
The episode featured the departures of various regular characters.
Rhys was briefly written back into the series with a surprise visit for Jonathan.
His final scenes saw him leaving to live in San Francisco with Rhys.
Reception.
"TV Week's" McWhirter said that Jonathan had delighted viewers as the "happy-go-lucky assistant".
Tim Hunter (gaynewsnetwork.com.au) branded him a "likeable but stereotypical gay man" but originally "fairly one-dimensional, more of a caricature or cipher than a real character".
But they praised his character development during the second season and believing that he had transformed into a "fleshed out" character.
Hunter applauded the exploration of public displays of affection and homophobia.
Matt Akersten of Samesame.com.au named Rhys' proposal of marriage a "very cute marriage proposal scene" and that viewers reacted positively to the storyline.
Clem Bastow from The Vine criticised the character stating "the less said about Frances' snappy gay offsider Jonathan the better.
At least Anthony and Stanford on SATC had inner lives beyond their hysterical one-liners."
Melinda Houston ("The Sunday Age") said that Jonathan was one of the only ongoing gay roles on Australian television.
Debi Enker from "The Age" believed that the show "dialled down the camp flamboyance of a cliched gay BFF" in season two.
Their colleague Frances Atkinson branded it a "somewhat cliched role".
But Melinda Houston was not impressed with "the camp, promiscuous sidekick with an eagle eye for fashion".
She questioned whether all gay men behaved like Jonathan and branded him the show's only "irritant".
While Jim Schembri branded him a "critic-baiting" character.
Anthony D. Langford writing for TheBacklot.com bemoaned Jonathan and Rhys' lack of storyline presence.
He felt that the characters were not given the screen-time to fully explore the issue of them moving in together.
He was angry that Jonathan considered moving away with Rhys because he believed that they were moving to fast.
Langford later stated that he thought fictional gay romances were often unrealistically rushed on-screen.
But he decided that Jonathan and Rhys were an exception, that he loved and fan worshipped them.
In 2014, Langford criticised Jonathan and Rhys' departure.
It is privately owned.
History and profile.
"Agym", a Kyrgyz language biweekly paper, was established in 2001.
The paper is published on Fridays.
Bakyt Jamalidinov was the publisher at the initial period.
Melis Eshimkanov was the owner of the biweekly.
He also served as the editor-in-chief of "Agym".
Then Begaly Nargozuev became the publisher and owner.
The paper was sold to Alexander Kim in February 2009.
As of 2007 "Agym" was an opposition paper in the country.
It has an independent political leaning.
In 2009, the approximate circulation of "Agym" was 10,000 copies.
Pilgrims is a collection of twelve short stories by American author Elizabeth Gilbert.
Youth and college soccer.
Tchani moved to the United States from his native Cameroon in 2004, settling in Norfolk, Virginia.
He attended Maury High School, and played club soccer for Beach FC before playing college soccer at the University of Virginia.
He started 12 matches and scored 9 goals as a freshman, was the 2008 ACC Freshman of the Year, a second team all-ACC selection, was named to the first team All-South Atlantic Region by the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA), and was a Soccer America first team All-Freshmen.
During the 2009 season, Tchani was named First-Team All America by College Soccer News, a member of the NCAA College Cup All-Tournament team, First Team All-America by NSCAA, and a second team All-ACC member.
During his college years he also played with the Hampton Roads Piranhas in the USL Premier Development League.
Club career.
New York Red Bulls.
Tchani was drafted in the first round (2nd overall) of the 2010 MLS SuperDraft by New York Red Bulls.
He made his professional debut on 27 March 2010, in New York's opening game of the 2010 MLS season against Chicago Fire.
During Tchani's initial campaign with New York he was gradually brought into the first unit by coach Hans Backe and eventually began to form a solid partnership in the heart of the Red Bulls' midfield with newly signed Rafael Marquez.
Tchani ended his first professional season appearing in 27 regular season matches for New York scoring 1 goal and providing 3 assists in helping his side capture the regular season Eastern Conference title.
Toronto FC.
Tchani was traded to Toronto FC on 1 April 2011 along with teammate Danleigh Borman and a 2012 SuperDraft 1st round pick for Dwayne De Rosario.
Tchani was forced to change his number in late June from 22 to 32 with Toronto's new designated player signing of Torsten Frings.
Columbus Crew.
Due to a left knee injury, Tchani was sidelined upon his arrival at the club, and underwent surgery in late August.
On 7 December 2012 Tchani signed a new deal with Columbus.
In 2013, Tchani remained a part-time player starting 13 matches for Columbus.
However, in 2014 he became a mainstay and started 33 of 34 league matches.
Vancouver Whitecaps FC.
Chicago Fire.
He was waived by the Fire on 9 August 2018.
Later career.
On 7 August 2019, Tchani signed with Canadian Premier League side FC Edmonton.
He made his debut on August 10 against Pacific FC.
On November 4 Edmonton announced Tchani would not return to the club for the 2020 season.
On 30 July 2021, Tchani signed with NISA side Maryland Bobcats.
International career.
On 4 November 2015, Tchani received his first call up from Cameroon for their upcoming World Cup Qualifying matches against Niger.
However, after aggravating an injury during a match with Columbus, he withdrew from the squad.
In January 2016, Tchani was called up by the United States for their friendlies against Iceland and Canada He made his U.S. debut on 31 January against Iceland, coming on as a substitute in the 70th minute.
However, this friendly appearance did not cap-tie Tchani.
In March 2016 he accepted a call up from Cameroon for their 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against South Africa.
After appearing against South Africa, he was cap-tied to Cameroon.
Personal life.
Tchani received U.S. citizenship in 2013.
Peter Katis is an American Grammy Award-winning record producer, audio engineer, mixer, and musician.
Katis is best known for working with alternative and indie rock bands.
He works primarily out of his own residential studio, Tarquin Studios, in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
Personal life.
Peter Katis was born in New York City in April 1966.
He is the eldest son of Dr. Lauma Katis and Dr. James Katis, both psychiatrists.
His brothers are Tom and Tarquin.
Katis attended New Canaan Country School and Greenwich High School, both in Connecticut.
He graduated from the University of Vermont having majored in Visual Arts and minored in English.
He also attended and then taught studio production classes at SUNY Purchase in New York.
Katis lives in Fairfield, Connecticut, with his wife, Ann Risen Katis, and their son, Will.
Music career.
Peter Katis's music career began in the late 1980s with The Philistines Jr., an experimental pop band composed of Katis (vocals, guitar, keyboards), his brother Tarquin Katis (vocals, bass), and their friend Adam Pierce (drums).
The band's first gig was an opening spot for Phish in front of a sparse crowd on the campus of the University of Vermont.
The band also received frequent airplay from John Peel on his BBC Radio 1 program.
Upon hearing their first album, Peel telephoned the band "just to say how much he liked the record" and invited them to record a Peel Session in London.
The band completed three Peel Sessions and concurrent UK tours.
Subsequent albums by The Philistines Jr. include "The Sinking of the S.S. Danehower" (1996), "Analog vs. Digital -or- We Don't Get The Respect We Deserve in Today's Scientific Community" (2000), "If A Band Plays in the Woods...?"
(2010), "If a Lot of Bands Play in the Woods...?" (2011), and "Help!"
(2019).
Over time, Katis has also participated in a number of musical side projects, including The Zambonis, The Happiest Guys in the World, The Pants, and James Kochalka Superstar.
Music production career.
While recording songs for his own band in an ad-hoc studio set up in his parents' basement, Katis realized he had an affinity for production.
"My favorite part of being a musician was producing a record," said Katis.
In 1989 he began taking continuing education classes at SUNY Purchase in studio production, which further developed his recording skills.
Katis then worked as an intern, an assistant, and then as an engineer in various recording studios in New York City.
By 1998, Katis's demand as a producer, audio engineer, and mixer had grown to the point where he needed a dedicated production space.
He bought a 7,000 square foot Victorian home in Bridgeport, Connecticut and transformed it into Tarquin Studios, a residence and recording studio for musicians.
Katis has since worked with dozens of artists (see Associated Acts and Discography) at Tarquin Studios.
In 2017, Katis and Chris Frantz of Talking Heads launched a concert series for emerging artists at The Fairfield Theater Company.
Death Cab for Cutie.
Katis produced Death Cab for Cutie's "The Blue EP" (2019).
Frightened Rabbit.
Katis produced Frightened Rabbit's 2008 breakthrough album "The Midnight Organ Fight", as well as the 2010 follow-up "The Winter of Mixed Drinks".
Katis's own band, The Philistine's Jr., contributed to the album by covering the song "Bright Pink Bookmark".
The album, released in 2019, has also become a tribute to Frightened Rabbit's lead singer Scott Hutchison.
Gang of Youths.
Katis mixed "The Positions" (2015) and "Go Farther in Lightness" (2017) for the Australian band Gang of Youths.
The former album debited at No. 5 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was nominated for 5 ARIA Music Awards.
The latter album debuted at No.
Katis's band, The Philistine's Jr., opened for Gang of Youths on several west coast dates of their 2018 American tour.
Interpol.
Katis also has a long-standing relationship with Interpol.
He recorded and mixed the band's critically acclaimed debut album "Turn on the Bright Lights" (2002), followed by "Antics" (2004).
He also worked with lead singer Paul Banks on "Julian Plenti is...
Skyscraper" (2009), Julian Plenti Lives... (2012), and "Banks" (2012).
The National.
"Trouble Will Find Me" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Alternative Music Album.
"Sleep Well Beast" received the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album.
Katis co-produced and mixed the album.
Rafael Moreno (born 16 July 1960) is a Dominican Republic former professional tennis player.
He is a member of the Dominican Sports Hall of Fame.
Born in Santo Domingo, Moreno was the singles champion at the 1986 Central American and Caribbean Games in Santiago.
This was the first ever tennis gold medal achieved by a Dominican player at the Central American and Caribbean Games.
He was also the first male from his country to win a tennis medal at the Pan American Games, when in 1991 he teamed up with the singles silver medalist Joelle Schad for a bronze medal in the mixed doubles.
Moreno competed in 10 Davis Cup ties for the Dominican Republic from 1989 to 1993, winning nine singles and four doubles rubbers.
His best win was a five-set triumph over Mauricio Hadad of Colombia.
In 1996 he began a 25-year tenure as Davis Cup team captain, which included taking the team to a World Group Playoff against Germany in 2015.
 is a Japanese former international table tennis player.
His doubles partners were Nobuhiko Hasegawa and Sachiko Yokota.
The 1974 World Men's Handball Championship was the eighth team handball World Championship.
It was held in East Germany between 28 February-10 March 1974.
Romania won the championship.
Placement Round (9-12 pos.).
The four third placed teams from the preliminary round played a round robin tournament for positions 9-12.
Heiligenberg () is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
Its name means "mountain of the saints" in German.
Geography.
The village is positioned approximately ten kilometres (six miles) to the west of Molsheim, on high ground overlooking the Bruche valley.
To the west is the great domainal forest of Haslach.
History.
The villagers rescued the mail and the crew of a Montgolfier balloon after it escaped the Siege of Paris on October 25, 1870.
He was born Fan Wubing () in Jiangyou County, Sichuan province.
His parents gave him the name "Fan Wubing", which means Fan the Never Sick, in hopes that this might improve his being constantly sick when he was young.
At the age of 19, Fan Wubing was accepted into Sichuan University, but did not attend due to financial difficulties.
Instead, he attended Sichuan Police Academy, but later dropped out in pursuit of martial arts training.
Hai Deng was famous for his "one-finger Chan", one of the 72 arts of the Shaolin temple, with which he could support most of his body weight on one finger.
Thanks to a visit to the USA in 1985, he was noted for his religious observance, literary skill, and qigong talents.
Torp Station (), also known as Sandefjord Airport Station (), is on the Vestfold Line in Sandefjord, Norway.
It is served with regional trains operated by Vy.
Located close to Sandefjord Airport, Torp, the station is served by a free four-minute shuttle bus service from the station to the airport.
The trains operate northwards via towns in Vestfold to Drammen and Oslo and onwards via Oslo Airport, Gardermoen to towns in Hedmark and Oppland.
Southwards, the trains serve Sandefjord, Larvik and Grenland.
It had a single building, designed by Balthazar Lange.
It was upgraded with a passing loop in 1910, but this was removed in 1971, and the station was closed in 1978.
In 2008, the station reopened to serve the airport.
The station is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration.
Service.
Torp Station's primary function is to serve as an airport rail link for Sandefjord Airport.
Southwards, the trains serve Sandefjord, Larvik, Porsgrunn and Skien.
Travel time to Oslo is 1 hour and 48 minutes, and to Oslo Airport it is 2 hours 23 minutes.
The station is equipped with a shed, but no other amenities, and also lacks a ticket machine.
The platform (but not necessarily the train) is wheelchair accessible.
There are about ten parking spaces at the station.
A shuttle bus corresponds to all trains during the opening hours of the airport, and a bus trip takes four minutes to the airport terminal.
The shuttle bus leaves the airport ten minutes before each train's scheduled departure.
The bus is operated by NSB, and is included in the price of the train ticket.
There are 42 bus departures each day.
The train supplements a coach service, Torp-Ekspressen operated by Unibuss Ekspress, to Oslo, and a local bus service to Sandefjord, operated by Tide Buss for Vestfold Kollektivtrafikk.
History.
Raastad was equipped with a wooden station building designed by Balthazar Lange, and cargo expedition.
The following day, the new "InterCity" services started on the Vestfold Line.
Sandefjord Airport experienced a rapid growth as an airport for low-cost carriers serving Eastern Norway since the late 1990s.
Along with the success of the Airport Express Train that connects Oslo with Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, and the decision to provide a shuttle service to the competing Moss Airport, Rygge from Rygge Station, local politicians took initiative to open a dedicated stop for the airport.
During the planning of high-speed upgrade of the line, plans called to move the line to create a station integrated in the airport terminal, as had been done with Oslo Airport Station and Trondheim Airport Station.
The latter would build, own and operate the station.
City Lit is an adult education college in Holborn, central London, founded by the London County Council in 1919, which has charitable status.
It offers part-time courses across four schools and five "centres of expertise", covering humanities and sciences, languages, performing arts, visual arts, deaf education, family learning, community outreach, learning disabilities education, speech therapy and universal skills.
In 2011, City Lit was graded as "outstanding" by government inspectors Ofsted.
More recently, in 2016, it was ranked "outstanding" for "personal development, behaviour and welfare" and "good" in four other categories.
History.
In 1918, following the war, the London County Council wanted to strengthen non-vocational education.
They took their first students in September 1919.
At the time, it was a radically different approach to adult education.
The City Lit's first four classrooms were leased from a teacher training college.
City Lit is now the sole survivor of London's Literary Institute movement.
Amongst the very first courses City Lit offered in 1919 were lipreading classes for Londoners returning with damaged hearing from the battlefields of the First World War.
In 1939, City Lit moved to its first purpose-built home in Stukeley Street, off Drury Lane.
The new building was officially opened by the then Poet Laureate, John Masefield, and contained a theatre, concert hall and gym.
In 2005, City Lit moved from its building in Stukeley Street to new, purpose designed premises in nearby Keeley Street, which are fully accessible and include facilities such as studio spaces (for visual arts, drama and health and movement), "supported learning centre" (library), roof terrace with a herb garden, theatre and music recital room.
Since then, they have also opened new photography, fashion and digital arts studios.
In 2019, City Lit celebrated its centenary with a year of events reflecting upon the previous 100 years.
At the City Lit Centenary Awards, The Princess Royal was awarded the Centenary Fellowship for her outstanding contribution to adult learning.
In early December 2022, City Lit suffered a severe IT outage, with the central website and a number of online resources becoming unavailable.
The university has suspended online courses and enrolments until the new year, and is investigating the cause of the issue.
Courses.
City Lit offers subjects in the areas of art, drama, dance, creative writing, history and politics, philosophy, languages ranging from French and German to Persian and Korean, computing, counselling, music, and fitness.
Events.
City Lit hosts a programme of visual arts exhibitions, drama productions, musical performances, book launches, creative writing performances, stand-up comedy, festivals, talks and lectures.
Speakers and contributors of the Mental Wealth Festival include Grayson Perry CBE, Ed Balls, Jonny Benjamin MBE, Dr Kathryn Mannix and Antony Gormley.
Accolades and criticism.
In 2007 City Lit was the first adult education college to be given the Queen's Anniversary Prize, to mark its international reputation in stammering therapy.
In 2014, proposed cuts and redundancies, including to university access, English and maths GCSE courses, and deaf education, attracted controversy.
"The Guardian" reports a "senior source" blamed the government and warned "We got outstanding in our last inspection.
How are we going to maintain that outstanding education with fewer staff?".
Criticism was directed at the college's marketing budget and the expansion of short courses such as "graffiti" cross-stitch, beer tasting and burlesque.
Principal Mark Malcomson said the advertising expenditure was intended in part to support "more charitable provision" in the future.
In 2016 City Lit were graded "Good" by government Ofsted inspectors, down from 2011's "Outstanding".
In 2018, Russell Alderson, tutor in the Centre for Deaf Education was shortlisted for the Times Educational Supplement FE Awards Teacher of the Year award.
In 2019, Fiona Pickett was awarded the Festival of Learning Tutor of the Year award.
In 2019, City Lit was awarded the Festival of Learning President's Award for its outstanding contribution to adult education over 100 years.
In 2019, City Lit Students Sylvia Rowbottom and Dace Miksite were named Finalist Winners at the Festival of Learning Awards for their commitment to adult learning.
See also.
After you input an MP3 blog's URL, Peel generates a playlist of the available songs.
From there, the user is able to listen to the songs, download the songs, and copy them into iTunes.
Daniela Casanova (born 14 May 1984) is a former tennis player from Switzerland.
She achieved career-high WTA rankings of 456 in singles on 8 July 2002 and 402 in doubles on 17 June 2002.
She won two singles titles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
She retired from tennis in 2003.
Personal life.
She started playing tennis at the age of five.
She was coached by her father, Leo Casanova, and Zoltan Kuharszky, and received advice from Melanie Molitor.
She preferred hard courts and any fast surface.
Her mother's name is Luzia.
Abaipur Union () is a union parishad situated at Shailkupa Upazila, in Jhenaidah District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh.
The union has an area of and as of 2001 had a population of 18,346.
USS "LSM-478 was a in the United States Navy during World War II.
The ship was transferred to France as L9016" and Taiwan as ROCS "Mei Kun" (LSM-252).
Construction and career.
"LSM-478" was laid down on 10 February 1945 at Brown Shipbuilding Co., Houston, Texas.
Launched on 3 March 1945 and commissioned on 7 April 1945.
During World War II, "LSM-478" was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater.
She was assigned to occupation service in the Far East from 4 September to 9 November 1945.
"LSM-478" was decommissioned on 28 May 1946.
She was loaned to the French on 1 April 1954.
She was struck from the Navy Register.
The ship was commissioned into the French Navy on 28 June 1954 and renamed "L9016".
She served in the First Indochina War later that year.
"L9016" was returned to the US in April 1956 and then transferred to Taiwan in November 1956, in which she was commissioned in November 1956, as ROCS "Mei Kun" (LSM-252).
She was later redesignated LSM-352.
Underneath the cover of the night in January 1957, the ship escaped China through Kinmen and small waterways of Jinmen to avoid Communist Army's radar.
At 8 in the evening, she lifted her anchor and left Liuluo Bay for Taiwan.
The ship was put out of service in 1973 with her fate unknown.
"Humility" is a single by British virtual band Gorillaz featuring American jazz guitarist George Benson.
It was released on 31 May 2018 along with "Lake Zurich" as the first single from their sixth studio album, "The Now Now".
On 12 July 2018, two remixes of the song by Superorganism and DJ Koze were released.
It charted in a total of 8 countries reaching number 85 on the US Billboard Hot 100, with its highest position in any chart being number 7 in Billboard's Hot Rock Songs.
Promotion and release.
The song was first announced on 30 May 2018 when Zane Lowe confirmed "The Now Now"s release and stated that Damon Albarn would be debuting the song on the Beats 1 program the following day.
The next day, the song debuted with a music video featuring Jack Black and was digitally released along with another single, "Lake Zurich".
On 13 May 2022, the music video was re-uploaded to the Gorillaz YouTube channel with commentary from virtual band member Murdoc Niccals.
Music video.
The music video for the song was filmed in Venice Beach, Los Angeles, California and features Jack Black.
It begins with footage of 2-D roller-skating around Venice Beach interspersed with shots of Black playing a guitar.
This sequence appears multiple times throughout the video, mainly in between the appearances of the different Gorillaz members.
After the opening sequence, Noodle is shown checkmating Remi Kabaka, one of the producers for "The Now Now" and the voice actor of Russel, during a round of chess.
Ace Copular (who replaced Murdoc while the latter was incarcerated) is then seen observing two men play basketball in front of a mural of George Benson.
When the ball lands in his hands after a successful dunk by one of the players, he deflates it using a pocket knife, making it impossible for the game to continue.
After this, various video clips of local residents are shown.
Near the end of the video, Russel can be seen standing on the side of the boardwalk.
When 2-D skates in his direction, he extends his leg and trips him.
When 2-D recovers, his white eyes turn black, and he attempts to skate again, only to end up falling.
The video was produced by The Line in collaboration with Blinkink and Ruffian, with rotoscoping by Trace VFX.
It was directed by Gorillaz co-creator Jamie Hewlett and co-directed by Tim McCourt, Max Taylor, and Evan Silver.
Remixes.
On 12 July 2018, a single containing two remixes of the song by British indie pop band Superorganism and German EDM producer DJ Koze was released.
Frank Neville Hosband Robinson (13 April 192519 October 1996) was an English physicist.
Neville Robinson was educated at The Leys School in Cambridge, England, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he read Physics.
Robinson initially worked as a civil servant at the Services Electronic Research Laboratory (SERL) in Baldock, Hertfordshire, under the director Robert Sutton.
With Jim Daniels and Michael Grace, he produced an example of nuclear orientation for the first time.
Then in 1951, in the first nuclear cooling experiment, he produced the lowest temperature ever achieved until then at only ten millionths of a degree Kelvin above absolute zero.
Robinson was an English Electric Research Fellow from 1955 to 1959.
He was a faculty fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, from 1958 to 1961, immediately followed by becoming a founding fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford, where he stayed until his retirement in 1992.
He was also a senior research officer at Oxford University during 1959 to 1992, working at the Clarendon Laboratory.
In 1973, Robinson published the book "Macroscopic Electromagnetism", a standard text.
His paper "Microwave shot noise and minimum noise factor" was awarded the Clerk Maxwell Prize in 1954 by the British Institution of Radio Engineers.
Importantly, he invented the Robinson oscillator in the field of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), which now forms the underlying basis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems used in many hospitals.
Family.
Robinson married Daphne Coulthard in 1952.
They had three children including the author Andrew Robinson and the diplomat Vicky Bowman.
Park Soon-ae (born 21 April 1965) is a South Korean professor of public policy at Seoul National University who served as Education Minister and ex officio Deputy Prime Minister of Social Affairs under President Yoon Suk-yeol in 2022.
The Skerries comprise three small, rocky islands offshore from the mouth of the Wingan River, in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.
He was born in Dunedin in 1864.
His father, John Stevenson, was managing the Henley Estate on the Taieri Plains.
He attended Taieri Ferry School, Oamaru Grammar School, Dunedin Normal School, and Otago Boys' High School.
He later lived in Invercargill.
Walter Chepman (died 1532) was a Scottish merchant, notary and civil servant active in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.
Chepman was also a significant patron of Saint Giles' Kirk in Edinburgh.
Life.
Chepman's first appearance in the historical record is in the accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland for 1494 in which he is recorded as receiving payment for clerical work at the royal court.
He would continue to receive such payments for the remainder of his life.
The impression that Chepman was well-educated is supported by the fact that he acted as a notary in and around Edinburgh.
His service at court also suggests that he was trusted by King James IV.
In 1503, to coincide with the King's marriage, James presented Chepman with a suit of clothes of English fabric.
Walter Chepman traded in imported textiles and timber and regularly supplied goods to the King.
He appears to have been a prosperous man.
He owned a seven storey tenement in Edinburgh's Royal Mile at the head of Blackfriars Wynd where he lived with his family and, at the southern end of this wynd where it joined the Southgait (later renamed Cowgate), he and Androw Myllar established their printworks in 1507.
Chepman was married twice.
His first wife was Margaret Kerkettle and, after being widowed, he married Agnes Cockburn.
Chepman died in 1532 and was buried in the chapel he had established in the south aisle of the St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh, now known as the Chepman Aisle.
The Southgait Press.
In September 1507 King James IV authorised Walter Chepman and Androw Myllar to establish a printing press and awarded the two partners a monopoly in printed books within Scotland.
Androw Myllar was also a burgess of Edinburgh.
He was a bookseller who had previously published books, printed in Rouen, intended for sale in England.
Chepman and Myllar's press was functional by the following Spring and was based in the Southgait of Edinburgh.
Its works included a liturgical text known as The Aberdeen Breviary and 'The Chepman and Myllar Prints' which were a series of pamphlets containing popular literature in Scots and English.
The press did not have a long working life.
The latest surviving example of its work is an edition of the Aberdeen Breviary dating to 1510.
Religious Patronage.
Walter Chepman paid for the foundation of two chapels at the Kirk of Saint Giles in Edinburgh.
The first chapel, founded in 1513 and abutting to the south of the church, offered masses for the souls of Chepman, his first wife and of the King and Queen.
The equivalent part of the modern church is now known as 'The Chepman Aisle'.
It contains the seventeenth century tomb of The Marquess of Montrose and a memorial plaque in honour of Walter Chepman donated by the nineteenth century publisher William Chambers.
In 1528 Chepman established a mortuary chapel, now lost, in the cemetery of Saint Giles' Kirk.
Evan Singleton is an American strongman competitor and former professional wrestler who carries the nickname T-Rex.
In the WWE, he wrestled under the name Adam Mercer.
Professional wrestling career.
When he was 18, Singleton signed for World Wrestling Entertainment and competed under the name 'Adam Mercer'.
Singleton joined WWE's developmental promotion Florida Championship Wrestling, before it became solely known as WWE NXT as Adam Mercer during March 2012.
At 19 years of age, Mercer was the youngest NXT member in the program's history.
Despite his impressive physical credentials, Mercer wrestled a sparse series of matches, most of which were losses to notable up-in-coming wrestlers including Big E. Langston, Brad Maddox and Erick Rowan.
On August 1 in a losing fatal four-way tag match, teaming with Chad Baxter, against The Ascension (Conor O'Brian and Kenneth Cameron), Jason Jordan and Mike Dalton and Brad Maddox and Rick Victor.
During the match, Mercer sustained what he described as a "serious head injury", causing him to retire.
He later joined Vito LaGrasso's lawsuit against the company in 2015 (the lawsuit was thrown out by a judge in 2018.)
Strongman career.
After his wrestling career ended, he had a brief spell in bodybuilding before coming across a man log-lifting at his local gym in Lancaster, struck up a conversation and within two weeks had decided strongman was his sport.
A year later he returned to record his first large contest victory.
A biceps injury prevented him from progressing from his heat.
More bad luck followed in 2021 when, once again, his WSM aspirations were thwarted by food poisoning.
However, 2021 ultimately proved to be a huge year for Evan.
In September 2022, Singleton suffered another biceps injury during a training session which put him out of the Giants Live World Tour Finals and Rogue Invitational that were held during October of that year.
He was awarded a licentiate of philosophy in 1929, was docent (associate professor) of Nordic history from 1930 to 1944, an associate professor from 1944 to 1950 and a doctor of philosophy in 1948.
Among his historical works are (1929) and "Runsala" (1942).
The D.T.
Porter Building in Memphis, Tennessee was constructed in 1895 and was the city's first steel frame skyscraper.
It had a circulating hot water heating system.
It was renovated in 1983 and converted to condominiums.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for Shelby County, Tennessee in 1995.
Anne-Claude Gingras is a senior investigator at Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, and a professor in the department of molecular genetics at the University of Toronto.
She is an expert in mass spectrometry based proteomics technology that allows identification and quantification of protein from various biological samples.
Biography.
She completed her PhD in biochemistry at McGill University in Montreal, studying how 4E-BP1 regulated translation initiation, under the mentorship of Nahum Sonenberg.
After graduating in 2001, she began postdoctoral research in Seattle at the Institute for Systems Biology in the lab of Ruedi Aebersold, where she studied proteomics for three years.
In 2005, Gingras moved to Toronto and joined the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, and in 2006 began teaching at the University of Toronto in the department of molecular genetics.
Career.
Gingras research focuses on the development of experimental and bioinformatics approaches for functional proteomics, with a focus on protein-protein and proximity interactions.
She applies these tools to the study of signaling pathways in health and disease and in mapping the physical organization of the dynamic proteome.
Some of her work focuses on the consequence of disease-associated mutations on the interactions established by proteins.
In addition to proteomics, Gingras laboratory has interest in studying human protein phosphatase and their systematic interactions and has now expanded into the field of systems biology.
Achievements and awards.
In 2011, Gingras was named one of Canada's Top 100 Most Powerful Women.
In 2015, Gingras was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
Her work on interaction proteomics, was awarded, alongside John Yates, the Discovery Award in Proteomics from the Human Proteome Organization (2019).
Tosari is a village in the Tengger Mountains of East Java, Indonesia.
It is near Pasuruan and is on a route to nearby Mount Bromo.
The 2002 Canberra Women's Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the National Sports Club in Lyneham, Canberra, Australia and was part of the Tier V category of the 2002 WTA Tour.
It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 6 through 12 January 2002.
Finals.
Jacob Two-Two Meets The Hooded Fang is a 1978 film adaptation of Mordecai Richler's children's novel by the same name.
He was a father of five children, with the youngest, Jacob, inspiring his character Jacob Two-Two.
The main character is Jacob Two-Two, a young boy who has a habit of repeating himself in order to be heard by those around him.
Significance.
Although the original novel began "as a tale told to his youngest son", it is now considered to be a Canadian classic, and inspired future film and television adaptions.
A 1999 adaptation of the source material and the popular television series "Jacob Two-Two", which aired from 2003 to 2006, followed.
Synopsis.
This humorous children's story recounts the adventure of a young boy who strives to be heard.
This quirk gives rise to his nickname "Two-Two".
Two-Two's odd habit results in a misunderstanding that lands him in prison.
The prison is guarded by a child-hating, former wrestler named "The Hooded-Fang".
Through his resourcefulness, cunning, and the help of a few friends, the young boy attempts to escape the prison and its monstrous warden.
Plot.
The film begins in Jacob Two-Two's home in Montreal.
Jacob runs from room to room attempting to convince his older siblings to pay attention to him.
His eldest brother, Daniel, tells him to leave him alone, as he is trying to do his homework.
When he visits his sister Martha, she is watching wrestling.
She tells Jacob he should leave, and that he would only get nightmares from the frightening wrestlers.
When he asks Emma and Noah if he can join in on their game of Child Power, they tell him that he is too little to play.
When he enters the kitchen, he asks his mother if he can help with dinner, but once again he is told that he is too small.
Finally, Jacob visits his father in the living room, where he is reading a newspaper.
Jacob expresses his disappointment that he is too small to help and play, and Jacob's father suggests that he travel to the store down the street and buy some chocolate ice cream.
Jacob leaves for the corner store and passes a policeman on his way inside.
Inside he sees adults looming over him.
He sees a man holding a fish, a woman holding a bird, and a man holding a lollipop.
Jacob approaches the store owner, Mr. Cooper, and asks for "two quarts of chocolate ice cream please, two quarts of chocolate ice cream please."
Mr. Cooper is taken aback by Jacob's odd behaviour and begins to tease the boy.
The policeman enters the store and joins in on the fun.
Mr. Cooper demands that Jacob be charged with insulting an adult.
The policeman agrees and pulls out his pad of paper, pretending to write the charge down.
Jacob panics and runs from the store.
The policeman runs after him and tries to explain that he and Mr. Cooper were only joking, but Jacob is already too far away.
Jacob runs to a park and hides under a pile of fallen leaves, where he eventually falls asleep.
When Jacob wakes up, he is in a jail cell.
The policeman from the store comes into the cell and introduces Jacob's lawyer, Mr. Loser.
When Jacob walks into the court, he is surrounded by screaming adults.
The judge sits in front of him and is angry and rude to the boy.
He says that offenses such as Jacob's cannot be taken lightly, as they may lead to bigger crimes in the future.
Jacob pleads innocent, and the judge tells him that his plea is very inconsiderate because it is a busy court.
Suddenly, a voice from the back of the room yells, "I appeal this verdict".
Exciting music begins to play and the adults in the room scream, hide, and faint.
Child Power enters the room, portrayed by Jacob's siblings, Emma and Noah.
The judge is afraid of the two children, and nervously tells them that Jacob's sentence has already been passed.
Child Power agrees but remind the judge that cruelty to children is against the law.
They warn the judge that if they hear of any cruelty in the prison, then he will be hearing from them.
Jacob leaves the court room only to find his siblings waiting for him in his cell.
They give him a jewel shaped tracking device, and ask for his help.
He promises to contact them if he senses any child cruelty in the prison, and Child Power leaves him in the cell.
Master Fish and Mistress Fowl take Jacob from his cell and lead him to the prison.
They have similar faces to the people that Jacob saw when he was in the store.
As they walk towards the prison they tell Jacob scary stories and point out the smog and crocodiles that block the way to the prison's island.
When Jacob gets to the prison, he is introduced the fearsome warden, The Hooded Fang.
The warden reads Jacob's sentence and sends him to the deepest and darkest cell in the prison.
The Hooded Fang tells Jacob that he hates children.
He says that when he was a wrestler, he was feared by everyone.
After this incident, the Hooded Fang was unable to fight, because everyone around him would laugh him out of the stadium.
Jacob apologizes to the Hooded Fang after hearing his story, telling him that he seems like a nice man.
The warden is furious, as he wants everyone to think of him as mean and scary, and sends Jacob to his cell.
As Jacob passes by the other cells, he notices that the children's skin is gray in colour.
They beg Master Fish and Mistress Fowl for food, but are given only stale bread and moldy apples.
When Jacob reaches his cell, he finds some candy and a note that says, "You have a friend".
Jacob is woken up the next morning by a man in a large fur coat.
He introduces himself as Mister Fox, the head guard, and takes Jacob to the shower room to give him his new uniform.
When they enter the shower room, Jacob realizes that it is a freezer.
After his cold shower, Mister Fox inspects behind Jacob's ears to make sure that he is clean and finds the jewel that Child Power gave him.
Mister Fox takes the tracking device from him, thinking that it is a precious jewel.
Jacob is then taken to a party in the dining hall.
He sees all of the gray children and sits down with them.
He asks them why they are gray and they tell him that it is because the smog hides the sun.
The Hooded Fang enters the room and all of the children start screaming.
Jacob's new friends tell him that he must pretend to be afraid as well, or else the warden will be angry.
The Hooded Fang presents Mister Fox with a "Rotten Child Award" and says that he must go to the city and complete some undercover work.
He wants Mister Fox to visit toy stores and sabotage all of the toys.
Jacob is worried because Mister Fox has the tracking device, and if he leaves the prison, then Child Power will not be able to find the children.
Jacob feels that by losing the tracking device, he has failed everyone.
Child Power is alerted that the tracking device has traveled to a toy shop in the city.
They decide to go and investigate and find Mister Fox sabotaging the toys.
They ask him where he found the jewel, and Mister Fox lies and tells the children that he found it in a fish.
Child Power is devastated, because they think that Jacob drowned while trying to escape and was then eaten by a fish.
The film then cuts back to the prison, where Jacob is working in the smog making workshop.
He tells his friends that he has been receiving many notes with candy attached, telling him to tremble when the Hooded Fang is around.
The Hooded Fang talks to his mother about Jacob.
He tells her that no matter what he does he cannot get the small boy to cower or scream in fear.
He travels to Jacob's cell and asks him questions in an attempt to break his spirit.
He tries to get Jacob to say numbers other than two, but Jacob finds ways around it.
Jacob tells the Hooded Fang that "he too can be a two-two", making the retired wrestler more and more frustrated until he eventually threatens to feed Jacob to the sharks.
When Jacob is in the dining hall with his friends, he tells them about a plan for escape.
He has written a note for Child Power and thinks that the Hooded Fang will deliver the letter for him.
The Hooded Fang brings Jacob his last meal before he is to be fed to the sharks.
He tried to get Jacob to scream, but Jacob says that he knows the warden's secret.
Jacob tells him that he knows the Hooded Fang is not evil.
He thinks that The Hooded Fang is the one who has been leaving Jacob notes and candy, because they always appear after the warden leaves Jacob's cell.
Jacob says that he will hug and kiss him unless they make a deal.
After several hugs, the Hooded Fang agrees to deliver the letter for Jacob.
Child Power receives the letter and sets out to find Mister Fox.
They tell him that they will spare him if he promises to take them to the prison.
When they reach the water surrounding the island, Child Power poisons the crocodiles.
Mister Fox teases Child Power, poking fun at Jacob's size and telling them that he could never actually help.
The children in the prison rebel against the guard by destroying the smog machine and blinding the adults with the sun.
The Hooded Fang tries to scare the children, but they only laugh.
When Child Power reaches the prison, Jacob tells them what happened.
Child Power points out to Jacob that he is no longer repeating what he says.
Jacob realizes that people are finally listening to what he says the "first" time.
All of a sudden, Jacob is woken up by his father.
He finds himself still under the play structure in the park where he fell asleep.
He gives everyone in his family a hug, and they leave the park holding hands.
Reception.
Critical reviews.
The Canadian film review site, Canuxploitation, reviewed "Jacob Two-Two and the Hooded Fang" and concluded that despite several issues, it was "definitely worth a look".
The author stated that although they did not enjoy the children's musical numbers or the outdated animatronics, the film's connection to Canadian culture was far superior to that of its 1999 adaption.
Although the reviewer enjoyed the introduction of Child Power, he felt that some of the most interesting aspects found in Richler's book were not conveyed as well as they could have been in the film.
"Jacob Two-Two Meets the Hooded Fang" (1978) was reviewed by a critic on the film review website, Prison Movies.
According to the critic, Two-Two's prison is a metaphor for adult incarceration in several ways.
The smog that covers the island demonstrates the 'out of sight, out of mind' opinions that the public often holds about prisoners and the penitentiaries in which they live.
The character of Mr. Fox parallels the common motif of a prison guard who enjoys smashing the sense of achievement of inmates through the use of mind games.
The author summarizes their opinions of the film by stating that "In some ways, the biggest thing that sets it apart from most adult prison movies is the happy ending."
Author's response.
Ferdinand Foch, the Supreme Allied Commander during the war, said that Roche was "the first soldier of France".
Biography.
He was the third son of a modest family of farmers.
In 1913, Albert was rejected by an assessment board of the French Army, because it considered him too puny to serve.
In August 1914 Albert, however, wanted to fight and in opposition to his father took his bag and ran away.
Albert reported in another district at the Allan training camp, which assigned him to the 30th Battalion of Chasseurs.
His military training did not go well since he was badly assessed and not respected.
His temper finally got the better of him, and he walked off the camp, but he was immediately caught and arrested for desertion.
His defence on these charges was that he was not a deserter.
This battalion was nicknamed the "blue devils" by the Germans.
Albert volunteered to destroy a German blockhouse.
Creeping up to the enemy's trenches, Albert noticed that the Germans were pressed against a stove in the block house for heat and threw a handful of grenades down the stove chimney.
The position was neutralized, with several deaths and the surrender of the survivors, who believed that they had been attacked by a large force.
Albert returned to his base with the captured machine guns and eight prisoners.
In another instance, Albert found himself one day the only survivor of his position, a trench in Sudel in Alsace.
He then positioned along the trench, used the weapons of his dead comrades and alternatively firing them.
That made the enemy believe that the resistance of the garrison was still resolute, and the Germans eventually gave up the attack.
Albert volunteered regularly for reconnaissance missions, but on one occasion, he was captured with his wounded lieutenant.
Isolated in a bunker during an interrogation, he managed to overwhelm and kill his interrogator and to steal his pistol.
He returned to the French lines with 42 new prisoners while wearing his wounded lieutenant on his back.
During the battle of the Chemin des Dames, Albert's captain was seriously wounded and fell between the lines.
Albert crawled under fire for six hours to reach him and then another four hours to finally hand him over to stretcher-bearers.
Exhausted, he fell asleep in a guard hole, but was awakened by a patrol who mistook him for sleeping on duty.
Abandoning a post under fire was punishable by being shot within 24 hours.
In spite of his denials, Albert had no witnesses and he was sent to a detention barracks to await execution.
As Albert was taken in front of a firing squad, a messenger arrived interrupting them.
Albert's captain had just awoken from his coma and brought his favorable testimony.
By the end of the war, Albert had been wounded nine times and had personally captured 1,180 prisoners.
At the end of the conflict, at 23, he was still a second-class soldier.
He is the first soldier of France!"
Shortly before, Foch had surprisingly discovered Albert's service record and exclaimed, "He has done all this, and he has no rank."
They had two children, Magali and Marie-Pierre.
Albert eventually became a firefighter in the powder magazine of Sorgues, in the Vaucluse.
In April 1939, Albert was involved in an accident with a car as he was departing from a bus that took him to work.
The car once belonged to the former President of the Republic, Emile Loubet.
He was transferred to the Sainte-Marthe hospital in Avignon, where he died on 14 April (at "five o'clock" according to his death certificate) at the age of 44.
He had escaped all dangers, all accidents.
Honours.
Albert was awarded the cross of the Legion of Honour from the commander of the Army of the Vosges, General de Maud'huy.
He was also invited to dine with General Mangin.
Albert was a member of the French delegation to London in 1925 with General Henri Gouraud to attend the funeral of Field Marshall John French.
That a 16th-century high priest of Stakhr was named Azar Kayvan suggests that "Kayvan" was used as a name for a person in Iran as early as that time, particularly among followers of Zoroastrianism.
To date "Kayvan" is a popular name among families following Zoroastrianism.
"Kayvan" is distinct from the similar Persian word "Kayhan", meaning "universe", also used as a masculine given name.
To English speakers, the spelling "Kayvon" is closest to the Persian pronunciation, .
In Persian literature.
In the geocentric model, Saturn was on the highest planetary sphere, the seventh.
It is the constable of the heavens.
It appears darker than the inner planets.
In Roman and Greek mythologies, Saturn and its Greek origin Cronus were at times associated with old age.
In astrology, Saturn is the Greater Malefic, the bringer of bad luck.
This last association appears not to affect contemporary Persian-speaking parents' choice of names for their sons.
The canton of Saint-Dizier-1 is an administrative division of the Haute-Marne department, northeastern France.
It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.
The book was published in English in May 2009, to coincide with the twentieth anniversary of the clearing of the square by tanks on June 4, 1989.
It is based on a series of about thirty audio tapes recorded secretly by Zhao while he was under house arrest in 1999 and 2000.
Co-editor Adi Ignatius pinpoints a meeting held at Deng Xiaoping's home on May 17, 1989, less than three weeks before the suppression of the Tiananmen protests, as the key moment in the book.
When Zhao argued that the government should look for ways to ease tensions with the protesters, two conservative officials immediately criticized him.
Deng then announced he would impose martial law.
In the last chapter, Zhao praises the Western system of parliamentary democracy and says that it is the only way China can solve its problems of corruption and a growing gap between the rich and poor.
Key excerpts.
Following the 1989 Tiananmen protests, Zhao was relieved of all positions in government and placed under house arrest.
For the next sixteen years of his life, Zhao lived in forced seclusion in a quiet Beijing alley.
Although minor details of his life leaked out, China scholars lamented that Zhao's account of events was to remain unknown.
Zhao's production of the memoir, in complete secrecy, is the only surviving public record of the opinions and perspectives Zhao held later in his life.
Zhao began secretly recording his autobiography on children's cassette tapes in 1999, and eventually completed approximately thirty tapes, each about sixty minutes in length.
Zhao indicated the tapes' intended order by faint pencil markings, and no titles or notes on how Zhao intended the tapes to be otherwise interpreted or presented were ever recovered.
The voices of several of Zhao's closest friends were heard in several of the later tapes, but were edited out of the published book in order to protect their identities.
After the tapes' creation, Zhao smuggled them out of his residence by passing them to these friends.
In order to minimize the risk that some tapes might be lost or confiscated, each participant was only entrusted with a small part of the total work.
Because he could only produce the tapes during periods in which his guards were absent, the process of recording the tapes took over a year.
Bao Pu, one of the editors who worked on publishing Zhao's memoir, first learned of the tapes' existence only after Zhao's death on January 17, 2005.
It took several years for Bao to collect them and gain legal permission from Zhao's family to publish Zhao's autobiography.
Zhao's family has always maintained that they were completely unaware of the tapes' existence until contacted by Bao Pu.
After Zhao's death a second set of tapes (perhaps the originals) were found in Zhao's home, and were returned to Zhao's family.
Access in China.
Adi Ignatius, one of the editors of the English-language edition, said that although the book was certain to be banned on the mainland, he believed some of its content would spread through the internet or bootleg editions.
A Chinese edition of the book entitled "Journey of the Reforms" () was published by New Century Press and released in Hong Kong on May 29, days before the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown on June 4.
The first print-run of 14,000 copies was reported to have sold out in Hong Kong on its first day of release in several bookstore chains.
Interval scheduling is a class of problems in computer science, particularly in the area of algorithm design.
The problems consider a set of tasks.
Each task is represented by an "interval" describing the time in which it needs to be processed by some machine (or, equivalently, scheduled on some resource).
The "interval scheduling maximization problem" (ISMP) is to find a largest compatible set, i.e., a set of non-overlapping intervals of maximum size.
The goal here is to execute as many tasks as possible, that is, to maximize the throughput.
It is equivalent to finding a maximum independent set in an interval graph.
In an upgraded version of the problem, the intervals are partitioned into groups.
A subset of intervals is "compatible" if no two intervals overlap, and moreover, no two intervals belong to the same group (i.e., the subset contains at most a single representative of each group).
Each group of intervals corresponds to a single task, and represents several alternative intervals in which it can be executed.
The "group interval scheduling decision problem" (GISDP) is to decide whether there exists a compatible set in which all groups are represented.
The goal here is to execute a single representative task from each group.
GISDPk is a restricted version of GISDP in which the number of intervals in each group is at most "k".
The "group interval scheduling maximization problem" (GISMP) is to find a largest compatible set - a set of non-overlapping representatives of maximum size.
The goal here is to execute a representative task from as many groups as possible.
GISMPk is a restricted version of GISMP in which the number of intervals in each group is at most "k".
This problem is often called JISPk, where J stands for Job.
Then, the goal is to maximize the total weight.
All these problems are special cases of single-machine scheduling, since they assume that all tasks must run on a single processor.
Single-machine scheduling is a special case of optimal job scheduling.
Single-Interval Scheduling Maximization.
Unweighted.
However, all these intervals necessarily cross the finishing time of "x", and thus they all cross each other.
Hence, at most 1 of these intervals can be in the optimal solution.
Hence, for every interval in the optimal solution, there is an interval in the greedy solution.
This proves that the greedy algorithm indeed finds an optimal solution.
A more formal explanation is given by a Charging argument.
The greedy algorithm can be executed in time O("n" log "n"), where "n" is the number of tasks, using a preprocessing step in which the tasks are sorted by their finishing times.
Weighted.
When the intervals have weights, the problem is equivalent to finding a maximum-weight independent set in an interval graph.
It can be solved in polynomial time.
NP-complete when some groups contain 3 or more intervals.
This can be shown by a reduction from the following version of the Boolean satisfiability problem, which was shown to be NP-complete likewise to the unrestricted version.
Given an instance of this satisfiability problem, construct the following instance of GISDP.
This is ensured since a variable appears at most twice positively and once negatively.
The constructed GISDP has a feasible solution (i.e. a scheduling in which each group is represented), if and only if the given set of boolean clauses has a satisfying assignment.
Polynomial when all groups contain at most 2 intervals.
Each clause contains 2 literals.
The satisfiability of such formulas can be decided in time linear in the number of clauses (see 2-SAT).
Therefore, the GISDP2 can be solved in polynomial time.
Group Interval Scheduling Maximization.
MaxSNP-complete when some groups contain 2 or more intervals.
This can be proved by showing an approximation-preserving reduction from MAX 3-SAT-3 to GISMP2.
Polynomial 2-approximation.
The approximation factor of 2 is tight.
A more general approximation algorithm attains a 2-factor approximation for the weighted case.
LP-based approximation algorithms.
Using the technique of Linear programming relaxation, it is possible to approximate the optimal scheduling with slightly better approximation factors.
The approximation factor for arbitrary "k" was later improved to 1.582.
Related problems.
An interval scheduling problem can be described by an intersection graph, where each vertex is an interval, and there is an edge between two vertices if and only if their intervals overlap.
In this representation, the interval scheduling problem is equivalent to finding the maximum independent set in this intersection graph.
Finding a maximum independent set is NP-hard in general graphs, but it can be done in polynomial time in the special case of intersection graphs (ISMP).
A group-interval scheduling problem (GISMPk) can be described by a similar interval-intersection graph, with additional edges between each two intervals of the same group, i.e., this is the edge union of an interval graph and a graph consisting of n disjoint cliques of size "k".
Variations.
An important class of scheduling algorithms is the class of dynamic priority algorithms.
When none of the intervals overlap the optimum solution is trivial.
The optimum for the non-weighted version can found with the earliest deadline first scheduling.
Weighted interval scheduling is a generalization where a value is assigned to each executed task and the goal is to maximize the total value.
The solution need not be unique.
The Maximum disjoint set problem is a generalization to 2 or more dimensions.
This generalization, too, is NP-complete.
Another variation is resource allocation, in which a set of intervals s are scheduled using resources "k" such that "k" is minimized.
That is, all the intervals must be scheduled, but the objective is to minimize the usage of resources.
Another variation is when there are "m" processors instead of a single processor.
I.e., "m" different tasks can run in parallel.
See identical-machines scheduling.
He was a graduate of Latter Day Saint University and the University of Utah.
Two of his works, the Parowan 3rd Ward Meetinghouse (1914) and Central Park Ward Chapel (1927), represent Prairie School architecture.
He also designed the Carbon Stake Tabernacle which was completed in 1914 (demolished 1981).
Career.
Early days.
Clarke began playing guitar and, by the time he was fifteen years old, had been through many local bands, one of which was called The Bitter End.
Of his "Fast" moniker, Clarke has said "I didn't get the name Fast Eddie because of any sex thing, and it wasn't even because I could play fast.
It was just that I could play one note in a solo really fast," referring to his skillful tremolo picking.
He continued playing local gigs until 1973, when he turned professional by joining Curtis Knight's blues prog rock band, Zeus, as lead guitarist.
In 1974, the band recorded an album called "The Second Coming" at Olympic Studios.
Clarke wrote the music to Knight's lyrics on a track entitled "The Confession".
Clarke recorded the album "Sea of Time" with Zeus.
Later, with guitarist friend Allan Callan, keyboard player Nicky Hogarth, and drummer Chris Perry, Clarke attended a recorded jam session at Command Studios in Piccadilly.
As a result of the tracks from this session, the quartet secured a deal with Anchor Records, and called the band Blue Goose.
With a recording contract secured, Clarke, Hogarth and Perry left Zeus to focus on their own project with Callan.
Clarke soon formed another band with Be-Bop Deluxe bassist Charlie Tumahai, vocalist Ann McCluskie and drummer Jim Thompson.
Called Continuous Performance, this line up lasted until early 1975, when their demo tracks failed to secure them a record deal and the band split up.
Still out to secure a record deal, Clarke then formed a group with Nicky Hogarth from Blue Goose, bass player Tony Cussons and drummer Terry Slater.
Their efforts to get a deal were also unsuccessful, and Clarke temporarily gave up the music industry.
However, according to Kilmister's authorized biography, it appears that Clarke was introduced to Lemmy by a receptionist at the rehearsal studio, Gertie, who was romantically involved with Clarke at the time.
Not long after, he was playing with them.
He claimed to hate singing lead - see the video for Step Down.
Becoming unhappy at the results of the "Iron Fist" album, the recording sessions with the Plasmatics were the final straw.
For the B-side of the "Stand By Your Man EP" the bands took turns in covering each other's songs, Clarke allegedly felt that this compromised the band's principles and resigned.
Notice I do not call it leaving, as it was not my choice.
Fastway.
Hearing that UFO bassist Pete Way was keen to leave that band, the two met and decided their new band's name would be an amalgamation of their own two names, resulting in Fastway.
They advertised in the music press for a drummer and a vocalist.
Meanwhile, a rehearsal was organised, for which Clash drummer Topper Headon filled in on drums.
Ex-Humble Pie member Jerry Shirley became the drummer.
The band sent out demo tapes and were approached by CBS Records for a recording deal.
Way announced his departure just as they were about to sign the deal, but CBS had faith in Fastway and decided to sign them despite this setback.
Touring had been strenuous for the band and, upon returning to Britain, they decided to split.
Clarke stayed in London, and soon received a call from King about giving Fastway another go.
Clarke agreed and moved to Ireland.
With another album for CBS in view, they rehearsed with three of King's friends.
The record label was happy with the sound and had them record at London's Abbey Road Studios with producer Terry Manning, releasing "Waiting for the Roar" in 1986.
Fastway were also engaged to provide music for the "Trick Or Treat" film soundtrack, for which they composed the title track and performed "Heft" and "If You Could See" from their albums.
Later days.
After the band split up again, Clarke moved back to London and met up with Lea Hart, a solo artist in the Far East.
Still using the name Fastway, they recorded the "On Target" album.
It featured Don Airey and Paul Airey on keyboards, Neil Murray on bass, plus Bram Tchaikovsky of The Motors and Christine Byford as backing vocalists.
Following the production of two albums, Clarke and Hart split up.
Lemmy also helped out on the album by writing and singing the track "Laugh at the Devil".
It also marked a return to live performances with a re-formed Fastway, including an appearance in the UK at the Download Festival in summer 2007.
In 2014, Clarke went back to his blues roots and released a new studio album through Secret Records.
Death.
Stuart was born the son of Sir Simeon Stuart, 2nd Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dereham, daughter of Sir Richard Dereham baronets, 3rd Baronet, and educated at Westminster School between 1734 and 1737.
He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father on 11 August 1761 and also succeeded his father as Chamberlain of the Exchequer the same year.
Stuart canvassed for a seat in Parliament for Hampshire for several months from August 1754 but, perceiving he stood no chance, yielded the seat to Lord Winchester when he was also put up.
However, in the 1761 general election he was successfully returned as Member of Parliament for Hampshire.
He was also re-elected in the 1768 and 1774 general elections.
Stuart died on 19 Nov. 1779.
F.W.P.
Matese was an Italian football club based in Sepicciano, Piedimonte Matese, Caserta, Campania.
The club had played in both Prima Categoria Molise and Eccellenza Molise.
History.
Founded in 2011 as F.W.P.
Piedimonte Matese, the club was renamed F.W.P.
Matese in 2013.
F.W.P.
Matese played home fixtures at Stadio Pasqualino Ferrante, a ground shared with neighbours Tre Pini Matese.
Nearby clubs.
Their closest rivals in terms of distance were A.S.D.
Alliphae an Alife-based club and then the more established Caserta-based outfit Casertana.
The team's home jersey is manufactured by Italian sports brand Givova.
Royal Aruban Airlines was an airline based in Aruba.
The PL-01 was a Polish light tank concept created by OBRUM with support from BAE Systems, based on the Swedish CV90120-T light tank.
The concept vehicle was first unveiled at the International Defence Industry Exhibition in Kielce on 2 September 2013, but the project was scrapped in 2015.
Design.
The layout of the PL-01 is similar to modern standard main battle tanks.
The driver is located at the front of the vehicle's hull, with the commander and gunner also located in the hull and the unmanned turret mounted in the rear.
In addition, there is a rear compartment in the hull that can accommodate four soldiers.
The vehicle chassis is based on that of the Combat Vehicle 90.
Additional armor panels are mounted on the turret and hull and are designed to provide full protection against a range of projectiles.
The hull of the vehicle provides protection against improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and landmines in accordance with appendix B parts 4a and 4b of the STANAG 4569 standard.
The entire vehicle will be covered with radiation-absorbent material to create a Stealth ground vehicle.
The suspension is based on seven wheels, with the drive shafts having active damping of torsion bars mounted on the first and last two pairs.
The vehicle can reach speeds of up to on paved roads and in rough terrain with a maximum range of .
It can successfully climb an inclination of 30 degrees, cross ditches and trenches to a width of , and cross water obstacles with a depth of up to without preparation, and up to deep with preparation.
Weapons.
The cannon will be able to shoot both conventional projectiles and guided anti-tank missiles.
It has an automatic loader for its main cannon, which ensures a fire rate of 6 shots per minute.
The vehicle carries 45 rounds, 16 of which are stored within the turret and ready to fire, with the remainder stored within the chassis compartment.
Additional equipment would be installed in a remote-controlled module.
Also built into the turret is an active protection system which intercepts incoming missiles, and smoke grenade launchers.
All equipment will be electronically stabilized, and observation and sighting systems will come with laser rangefinders, day-night cameras, and third-generation thermal imaging, with visual data displayed on a screen.
Equipment.
The PL-01 is fitted with a fire extinguishing system in the turret and hull, an internal radio communication system, an active anti-projectile protection system, a battlefield management system, a cooling exhaust system, a thermal masking system, and air conditioning filters.
The crew is provided with special seats to minimize the physical effects of nearby explosions.
In addition, the vehicle may be equipped with a satellite navigation system and friend-foe identification system.
Variants.
He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1948.
Okhlopkov was born in Irkutsk, Siberia, where he began his acting career in 1918.
The Realistic Theatre was closed in 1938 and he moved to the Vakhtangov Theatre.
In 1943 he established the Mayakovsky Theatre, which continues his traditions to this day.
Okhlopkov was awarded the Stalin Prizes six times.
William Watts Parmley (born January 22, 1936) was a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2003 to 2009.
Prior to becoming a general authority, Parmley had served as the chief of cardiology at the University of California, San Francisco and did studies primarily relating to cardiovascular pharmacology.
Early life and education.
Parmley was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Thomas J. Parmley and his wife, LaVern W. Parmley.
From 1957 to 1958 he served as an LDS missionary in the Northwestern States Mission based in Portland, Oregon.
Parmley received a bachelor's degree in physics from Harvard University, an M.D. from Johns Hopkins Medical School, and internal medicine training from Johns Hopkins Medical School and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital.
Career.
Parmley was involved in several studies involving heart muscle issues.
He wrote the 1996 text entitled "Cardiology".
He also served as the editor-in-chief of the "Journal of the American College of Cardiology" and as president of the American College of Cardiology.
Parmley also co-authored with Stanton Glantz several papers on the health effects of passive smoking that were covered by the news media.
He retired from the University of California, San Francisco in 2003, after which he became active in a campaign to eradicate measles.
Parmley became a member of the LDS Church's Second Quorum of the Seventy in April 2003.
Prior to his call as a general authority, Parmley served previously in the church as a bishop, stake president, and area seventy.
As a general authority, Parmley served in the presidency of the church's Africa Southeast Area.
From 2009 to 2012, Parmley was president of the Sacramento California Temple.
Personal life.
Valentino Gallo (born 17 July 1985) is an Italian water polo player who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics.
He was part of the silver medal-winning team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Quicksilver is a utility app for macOS.
Originally developed as proprietary freeware by Nicholas Jitkoff of Blacktree, Inc., it is now an open-source project hosted on GitHub.
Quicksilver is essentially a graphical shell for the macOS operating system, allowing users to use the keyboard to rapidly perform tasks such as launching other apps, manipulating files, or sending e-mail.
It is similar to the macOS applications LaunchBar and Alfred, but uses a different interaction paradigm.
Because of its flexible interface and extensibility, Quicksilver has been called one of the top productivity applications on the Mac.
Features.
Interface.
Quicksilver is a background application that runs while the operating system is running, maintaining a "catalog" of files and objects on the user's computer.
By applying incremental search as the user types, Quicksilver predicts the filename or action typed by the user and automatically selects the object.
Quicksilver uses a priority system based on prior usage to "learn" the user's habits, ultimately requiring only a few letters for the most commonly selected objects.
Extensibility.
Triggers.
For instance, if a command opening the Documents folder is bound to the F7 key, this hotkey would trigger that action regardless of what application the user is currently in.
Plug-ins.
Quicksilver has a built-in plug-in architecture, allowing the user to choose and install plug-ins providing integration with a specific program, interface, or new feature.
For example, plug-ins exist for sending email via Mail without opening the application or manipulating images via text commands.
Flexibility.
Because shell scripts and AppleScripts can be stored in the catalog, any function which can be performed with a script can be tied to Quicksilver through either the command window or triggers.
Because most Apple-native applications have extensive scripting libraries, many common tasks can easily be performed from Quicksilver.
For instance, iTunes can be told to play or pause, increase or decrease the current track's rating, or skip to the previous or next track.
There are various visual interfaces for Quicksilver, Constellation Menus supporting mouse gestures, and a Notification Hub which supports Growl.
Alchemy.
Experimental trunk builds of Quicksilver, known as "Alchemy", have many major changes.
History.
Nicholas Jitkoff started development of Quicksilver in 2003.
He released several versions to the public until 2006 and maintained an internet forum for the tool from the beginning.
On October 30, 2007, the source code for Quicksilver was made available via Google Code.
In November 2009, development shifted to using GitHub.
Quicksilver is now developed by a team of volunteers known collectively as "QSApp".
At the end of 2010, the new website QSApp.com was launched, with the aim of unifying and collating all of Quicksilver's fragmented builds, plugins and support groups.
Since its launch, the site has included a new Plugins Repository, Wiki and Downloads section.
On March 25, 2013, Quicksilver v1.0 was released after ten years of beta testing.
On March 25, 2022, Quicksilver v2.0 was released, which runs natively on Apple Silicon (M1) Macs.
The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists (1914) is a semi-autobiographical novel by Irish house painter and sign writer Robert Noonan, who wrote the book in his spare time under the pen name Robert Tressell.
Published after Tressell's death from tuberculosis in the Liverpool Royal Infirmary in 1911, the novel follows a house painter's efforts to find work in the fictional English town of Mugsborough (based on the coastal town of Hastings) to stave off the workhouse for himself, his wife and his son.
Grant Richards Ltd. published about two-thirds of the manuscript in April 1914 after Tressell's daughter, Kathleen Noonan, showed her father's work to her employers.
The 1914 edition not only omitted material but also moved text around and gave the novel a depressing ending.
Tressell's original manuscript was first published in 1955 by Lawrence and Wishart.
An explicitly political work, the novel is widely regarded as a classic of working-class literature.
As of 2003, it had sold over one million copies.
George Orwell described it as "a book that everyone should read".
Background.
Robert Tressell was the pen name of Robert Noonan, a house painter.
The illegitimate son of Mary Ann Noonan and Samuel Croker (a retired magistrate), he was born in Dublin in 1870 and settled in England in 1901 after a short spell living and working in South Africa.
He chose the pen name Tressell in reference to the trestle table, an important part of his kit as a painter and decorator.
The "philanthropists" of the title are the workers who, in Tressell's view, acquiesce in their own exploitation in the interests of their bosses.
The novel is set in the fictional town of Mugsborough, based on the southern English coastal town of Hastings, where Noonan lived, although its geographical location as described in the book is well away from the actual town of Hastings.
Noonan completed "The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists" in 1910, but the 1,600-page hand-written manuscript was rejected by the three publishing houses to which it was submitted.
The rejections severely depressed Noonan, and Kathleen Noonan had to save the manuscript from being burnt by keeping it in a metal box under her bed.
After her father died of tuberculosis, she showed the manuscript to a friend, the writer Jessie Pope.
It was also published in Canada and the United States in 1914, in the Soviet Union in 1920, and in Germany in 1925.
The publisher removed much of the socialist ideology from the first edition.
Plot.
One of the characters, Frank Owen, is a socialist who tries to convince his fellow workers that capitalism is the real source of the poverty he sees all around him, but their education has trained them to distrust their own thoughts and to rely on those of their "betters".
Major themes.
The book provides a comprehensive picture of social, political, economic and cultural life in Britain at a time when socialism was beginning to gain ground.
It was around that time that the Labour Party was founded and began to win seats in the House of Commons.
The book advocates a socialist society in which work is performed to satisfy the needs of all, rather than to generate profit for a few.
A significant chapter is "The Great Money Trick", in which Owen organises a mock-up of capitalism with his workmates, using slices of bread as raw materials and knives as machinery.
Owen 'employs' his workmates cutting up the bread to illustrate that the employer, who does not work, generates personal wealth while the workers effectively remain no better off than when they began, endlessly swapping coins back and forth for food and wages.
This is Tressell's practical way of illustrating the Marxist theory of surplus value, which in the capitalist system is generated by labour.
The air was full of the sounds of hammering and sawing, the ringing of trowels, the rattle of pails, the splashing of water brushes and the scraping of the stripping knives.
It was also heavily laden with dust and disease germs, powdered mortar, lime, plaster, and the dirt that had been accumulating within the old house for years.
Given the author's interest in the philosophy of Plato, it is highly likely that "the Cave" is a reference to Plato's "Allegory of the Cave".
A major recurring theme in Tressell's book highlights the inability and reluctance of the workers to comprehend, or even consider, an alternative economic system.
The author attributes this inability, amongst other things, to the fact that they have never experienced an alternative system, and have been raised as children to unquestioningly accept the status quo, whether or not it is in their interests.
In Plato's work, the underlying narrative suggests that in the absence of an alternative, human beings will submit to their present condition and consider it normal, no matter how contrived the circumstances.
He considered it "a book that everyone should read" and a piece of social history that left one "with the feeling that a considerable novelist was lost in this young working-man whom society could not bother to keep alive".
Adaptations.
Television.
A television adaptation in the "Theatre 625" series was transmitted on BBC2 on 29 May 1967, starring Edward Fox as Barrington and Alan Wade as Bert the barrow boy, who feature on the front cover of the contemporary paperback.
This adaptation no longer exists.
Documentary.
A short documentary about Tressell, the manuscript and the book's impact was produced by Shut Out The Light in 2014.
Contributors included Dennis Skinner, Len McCluskey, Ricky Tomlinson, Stephen Lowe and Neil Gore.
Salix lutea is a species of willow known by the common name yellow willow.
It is native to North America, including central Canada and parts of the western and central United States, with the exception of the Great Basin.
It can be found in moist and wet habitat types, such as riverbanks, meadows, and gullies.
It is a shrub up to 7 m tall, sometimes forming colonial thickets or becoming erect and treelike.
This and other willow species are used in revegetation projects in riparian habitat where erosion is a problem.
He is mainly remembered for his 3 volume "Logic" which introduced the concept of exchangeability.
Life and career.
He was their fifth child.
The family were Baptists and political liberals.
He attended the Llandaff House School, Cambridge where his father was the proprietor and headteacher, then the Perse School, Cambridge, and the Liverpool Royal Institution School.
At the age of around eight he became seriously ill and developed severe asthma and lifelong ill health.
Due to this his education was frequently disrupted.
In 1879 he entered King's College, Cambridge to read mathematics having won a scholarship and was placed 11th Wrangler in 1882.
He stayed on to study for the Moral Sciences Tripos from which he graduated in 1883 with a First Class degree.
He was also a Cambridge Apostle.
In 1895 he married Barbara Keymer.
After her sudden death in 1904 his sister Fanny moved in with him to care for his two sons.
Having failed to win a prize fellowship, he taught mathematics.
His first teaching post was as a lecturer in Psychology and Education at the Cambridge Women's Training College ,which he held for several years.
He was a University Teacher of Theory of Education 1893-98 and, from 1896 until 1901, University Lecturer in Moral Sciences at the University of Cambridge.
In 1902 he was elected a Fellow of King's College, and appointed to the (newly-created) Sidgwick Lecturership, positions he held until his death.
In 1923 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.
Johnson's students included I.
A. Richards, John Maynard Keynes, Frank Ramsey, Dorothy Wrinch, C. D. Broad, R. B. Braithwaite and Susan Stebbing.
In 1912 (at Bertrand Russell's request) Johnson also attempted to 'coach' Ludwig Wittgenstein in logic but this was an arrangement that was both brief and unsuccessful.
He died in St Andrew's Hospital, Northampton, on 14 January 1931 and is buried at Grantchester, Cambridgeshire.
Work.
Johnson, who suffered poor health, published little.
That, though "very able", he was "lacking in vigour" and had "published almost nothing" is a matter Bertrand Russell commented upon unsympathetically in a letter to Ottoline Morrell of 23 February 1913.
Johnson's obituary in "The Times," penned by J. M. Keynes, more kindly reports that "his critical intellect did not readily lend itself to authorship".
A memorial in "Mind" also proffered a charitable partial explanation of his reluctance to publish.
Johnson's major publication was a three volume work "Logic" (1921,1922, 1924) which was based on his lectures.
Bentwich persuaded him to publish, typed and co-edited the manuscript and encouraged him to finish the project.
A fourth volume on probability was never finished, but parts of it would be published posthumously as articles in "Mind".
"Logic" ensured his election to the British Academy and won him honorary degrees from the universities of Manchester and Aberdeen.
Gandon contends that "many of Johnson's insights are today an integral part of philosophy" and that this is so especially of Johnson's doctrine of determinable and determinate.
Johnson's work and influence in this latter regard is discussed in the "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" entry "on Determinables and Determinates" by Jessica Wilson.
"The Logical Calculus" (1892) reveals the technical capabilities of Johnson's youth, and that he was significantly influenced by the formal logical work of Charles Sanders Peirce.
A. N. Prior's "Formal Logic" cites this article several times.
The first two, both published in the "Cambridge Economic Club", being 1891's "Exchange and Distribution" and 1894's "On Certain Questions Connected with Demand" (the latter being co-written with C. P. Langer).
Prior to the latter he would also write fourteen entries for the first edition of R. H. Inglis Palgrave's "Dictionary of Political Economy" (1894-1899)"."
It was discovered by Kenneth S. Russell in September 1986.
Observational history.
The comet was found by Australian astronomer Kenneth S. Russell in September 1986 on a plate exposed on 3 September 1986 using the U.K. Schmidt Telescope of Siding Spring Observatory, Australia.
The comet had an apparent magnitude of 17.
Follow up observations on 25 September failed to recover the comet.
The comet was spotted again in a plate exposed using the 0.46-m Schmidt telescope of Palomar Observatory by Carolyn S. Shoemaker on 19 November 1993.
The comet had asteroidal appearance and was given the provisional designation 1993 WU.
The comet was observed again during the 2000 perihelion.
The comet was noted as an asteroidal object by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research on 31 August and 5 November and was given the provisional designation , and was observed again in November 2000-January 2001 and named .
Timothy B. Spahr noted that these objects were the same as the 1986 comet.
It was then given the number 156.
The comet had passed 0.70 AU from Jupiter in November 1970 and its perihelion distance decreased from 1.73 AU to 1.56 AU.
The comet approached again to Jupiter in March 2018 at a distance of 0.36 AU and its perihelion distance decreased to 1.33 AU, while the orbital period decreased from 6.85 years to 6.44 years.
During the 2020 perihelion, the comet approached to 0.48 AU from Earth on 24 October 2020.
It brightened to an apparent magnitude of 9.7 in mid November 2020.
The production rates are comparable to that of other Jupiter-family comets.
Automatic Switched Transport Network (ASTN) allows traffic paths to be set up through a switched network automatically.
The term ASTN replaces the term ASON (Automatically Switched Optical Network) and is often used interchangeably with GMPLS (Generalized MPLS).
Furthermore, the GMPLS protocols are applicable to optical and non-optical (e.g., packet and frame) networks, and can be used in transport or client networks.
Thus, GMPLS is a wider concept than ASTN.
Traditionally, creating traffic paths through a series of Network Elements has involved configuration of individual cross-connects on each Network Element.
ASTN allows the user to specify the start point, end point and bandwidth required, and the ASTN agent on the Network Elements will allocate the path through the network, provisioning the traffic path, setting up cross-connects, and allocating bandwidth from the paths for the user requested service.
The actual path that the traffic will take through the network is not specified by the user.
This gives the user far more flexibility when allocating user bandwidth to provide services demanded by the customer.
Timothy David Thomas Coak (born 16 January 1958) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a defender.
A full-back who could play on the left or the right, Coak began his career with Southampton and later played for Salisbury City, Waterlooville, Gosport Borough, Bashley, Eastleigh, Aerostructures, Romsey Town and Fareham Town Veterans.
Career.
Tim Coak initially joined the Southampton F.C.
Academy as an apprentice in July 1974 at the age of 16, before signing professional terms in January 1976.
He made his debut for the club on 26 April 1977 in a Football League Second Division match against Orient as a replacement for David Peach, who was away on national duty with the England under-21 side.
It began on 22 July 2016 and ended on 26 May 2017.
The fixtures were announced on 17 June 2016.
Teams.
Ten teams participate in the 2016-17 season.
League table.
Teams played each other four times in the league.
Graham played leading roles in several films of the silent era, often appearing in those of the director Sidney Morgan such as "Auld Lang Syne".
Gilles Vidal (born ca. 1972) is a French car designer, appointed Director of Style by Peugeot at the start of 2010.
He was responsible for the design direction of the 2010's at Peugeot.
He is currently the design director at Renault, having joined the brand since 2020.
Biographical note.
Vidal is responsible for the current design direction at Peugeot and is responsible for the New 208, New 2008, 3008, 5008, 508 and 508 SW. His departure from Peugeot was announced in July 2020.
He later joined Renault as their design director that same year.
References.
Ellsworth Ranch Bridge is a truss bridge located northwest of Armstrong in rural Emmet County, Iowa, United States.
The Emmet County Board of Supervisors received a petition in January 1895 for a bridge across the East Fork of the Des Moines River in Lincoln Township.
They gave their approval in April of the same year, and in May the board adopted the plans of the King Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio.
However, they rejected all the bids as too high, so they reduced the length of the span from to .
The Ellsworth Ranch Bridge was completed later in 1895.
The bridge includes elements of both the Pratt and Warren configurations in its single span.
Early life.
Prince grew up in Sydenham, South London.
She joined the youth company at Shakespeare's Globe, and attended the BRIT School.
Career.
Prince made her screen debut in the 2016 Mahalia Belo TV film "Ellen" for Channel 4.
The film was well revived and won a 2017 British Academy Television Craft Award in the best breakthrough talent category for Bello.
In 2020, Prince appeared in "Unsaid Stories", opposite Nicholas Pinnock and was named a "Screen International" Star of Tomorrow.
In 2021, Prince played Alison in the British romantic comedy film "Boxing Day".
In 2022 she was cast in the film "Portraits of Dangerous Women", alongside Tara Fitzgerald.
In March 2022, during the first month of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, international media reported that Beseda was being held under house arrest as a consequence of giving Russian President Vladimir Putin erroneous intelligence on unexpectedly strong Ukrainian resistance to the invasion.
On 8 April, Beseda was reportedly transferred to Moscow's Lefortovo Prison, but Russian authorities provided no official confirmation of any of these events and in August "The Washington Post" cast doubt on reports that Beseda had been removed from his leadership role at the FSB.
Early life.
Sergey Beseda was born on 17 May 1954.
Career.
In 2003, Beseda was named FSB Deputy Head of Department - Head of the Directorate for Coordination of Operational Information of the Department of Analysis, Forecast and Strategic Planning.
The following year, he became Deputy Head of Service - Head of the Operational Information Department of the Forecast Analysis and Strategic Planning Service.
Chief of FSB Fifth Service (2009).
As of 2009, Beseda headed the FSB Operational Information and International Relations Service (Fifth Service).
On 4 March 2010 when the Russian Interdepartmental Commission on the country's participation in the G8 was transformed into the Interdepartmental Commission on Russia's participation in both the G8 and G20, Beseda was included in the commission as representative of the FSB.
On the ground in Ukraine (2014).
On 20 and 21 February 2014, during the Ukrainian Maidan Revolution and shortly before the fall of President Viktor Yanukovych, Beseda was in Kyiv and in contact with the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU), officially tasked with determining the required level of protection for the Russian Embassy and other Russian institutions in the capital.
Beseda asked for a meeting with President Yanukovich on the matter, but the request was rejected.
On 4 April, during pre-trial investigation of the numerous killings of Ukrainian protesters in Kyiv from 18 to 22 February, the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs asked Russia to clarify the circumstances of Beseda's stay in Ukraine.
Sanctions.
On 26 July 2014, Beseda was included on the European Union's list of International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Sanctioned by the UK government in 2014 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.
Fall from power and Lefortovo Prison (2022).
Amid President Putin's discontent with intelligence failures over the invasion of Ukraine which began on 24 February 2022, on 11 March investigative journalist Andrei Soldatov reported that Beseda and his deputy Anatoly Bolyukh were under house arrest.
As of 18 March, the Russian embassy had not responded to requests for comment on the report, but a U.S. official interviewed by "The Wall Street Journal" described the arrest report as "credible".
On 11 April, "The Times of London" reported that Beseda had been transferred to the infamous Lefortovo Prison, scene of mass executions during Stalin's purges.
Soldatov speculated that Russian authorities may have suspected Beseda of having passed information to the CIA, amid reports afoot that Putin had purged 150 FSB careerists.
Family.
The 2nd Law is the sixth studio album by English rock band Muse, first released on 28 September 2012 through Warner Bros. Records and the band's own Helium-3 imprint.
Recording of the album took place in studios between London and Los Angeles County, beginning in October 2011 and ending in August 2012.
"The 2nd Law" was Muse's second album to be solely self-produced, following "The Resistance" (2009), and features a plethora of additional musicians that performed brass, strings, and choir vocals.
"The 2nd Law" is a concept album about a deteriorating planet that its inhabitants can no longer live on.
Major lyrical themes of the album include societal collapse, totalitarianism, and the second law of thermodynamics, which the album's title references.
Musically, the band chose to experiment significantly and create a sound that was distinct from their past records.
The album's sound incorporates art rock, progressive rock, and electronic music with Muse's traditional alternative rock style.
Acts such as Queen, David Bowie, and Skrillex also served as key influences on the album.
The album's cover art features a map of the human brain's pathways, which was taken from the Human Connectome Project.
The singles "Survival", "Madness", "Follow Me", "Supremacy", and "Panic Station" were released in promotion.
"Survival" had been chosen as the official song for the 2012 Summer Olympics, "Madness" became an international hit, most notably topping the "Billboard" Alternative Songs chart for a record-breaking 19 weeks, and "Supremacy" was performed live to begin the 2013 Brit Awards.
For its sales figures, it was certified platinum in four countries, including the United Kingdom, and triple-platinum in France.
At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Best Rock Album and "Madness" was nominated for Best Rock Song.
"Panic Station" was later nominated for Best Rock Song at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards the following year.
As of 2018, "The 2nd Law" has sold over 2.3 million copies worldwide.
Background and recording.
"The 2nd Law" was primarily recorded at AIR Studios in London, England and EastWest Studios in Los Angeles, California, with additional recording taking place at Shangri La Studios in Malibu, California and Capitol Studios in Hollywood.
In an interview with "Billboard" on 18 October 2011, the band's manager Anthony Addis revealed that Muse had begun recording their sixth album in London and that he expected it to be released by October 2012.
Muse bassist Chris Wolstenholme had stated in an interview with BBC Radio 1 that they had aimed to begin recording "The 2nd Law" in either September or October 2011.
During the recording of the album, band frontman Matt Bellamy jokingly described the album as a "Christian gangsta rap jazz odyssey, with some ambient rebellious dubstep and face-melting metal flamenco cowboy psychedelia" on his Twitter account.
In an interview with "Kerrang!" on 14 December 2011, Wolstenholme stated that the next Muse album would be "something radically different" from their prior releases.
He also said that it felt as if the band were "drawing a line under a certain period" of their career with their sixth album.
In another interview Chris mentioned that the band had experimented with music and sounds in particular.
It was revealed via Muse's publicist Tom Kirk on his Twitter account that composer David Campbell was helping the band compose the album.
In an interview in the April 2012 issue of "NME", Bellamy said that the band were set to include elements of electronic music, with influences coming from acts such as French house duo Justice and UK dance-punk group Does It Offend You, Yeah?.
Composition.
"The 2nd Law" has been described by "The Arts Desk" as a concept album with main themes of "chaos, control, societal collapse and totalitarianism".
The iTunes review of the album similarly described it as a concept album telling the story of "a resource-strapped planet that can no longer support its inhabitants".
The music of "The 2nd Law" has been described as art rock, alternative rock, progressive rock, and electronic music.
The album's first track, "Supremacy", has been compared to James Bond theme songs.
"Madness", according to "NME", features influences which draw from Queen's "I Want to Break Free" and David Bowie's "Scary Monsters" album.
Instead of using a bass guitar for the song, Wolstenholme opted to use a Misa Kitara, a digital MIDI controller, to create the song's main bass riff.
"Panic Station", the third track, has been noted as a funk rock song and features collaborations from people who had worked on Stevie Wonder's "Superstition".
It also includes explicit lyrics, making "The 2nd Law" Muse's first album to feature the Parental Advisory label.
He also stated that the song "Follow Me" was written about his newborn son, Bingham Bellamy.
The song was produced by electronic music trio Nero.
Packaging.
In all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves an isolated system, the entropy of that system increases.
Energy continuously flows from being concentrated, to becoming dispersed, spread out, wasted, and useless.
New energy cannot be created and high-grade energy are being destroyed.
An economy based on endless growth is unsustainable.
The album's cover art, taken from the Human Connectome Project, represents the map of the human brain's pathways, "tracking the circuits in our heads and how we process information with bright, neon colors."
The artwork was subsequently used by Muse in a social Connectome Project on 21 September 2012.
As more fans joined the online project, the album art was built, representing the network of the neurons within the brain.
A deluxe edition box set of "The 2nd Law" included a CD, DVD, double vinyl and three posters.
Promotion.
On 6 June 2012, Muse released a trailer for "The 2nd Law" with a countdown on the band's website suggesting a 17 September release date.
The trailer, which included dubstep elements, was met with mixed reactions from fans.
"Survival" was released as the album's first single on 27 June 2012 and premiered on BBC Radio 1's Zane Lowe show, along with the song's counterpart intro, "Prelude".
The song served as the official song of the London 2012 Olympic Games and peaked at number 22 on the UK Singles Chart.
It was revealed by the band in an interview with "NME" magazine that "Madness" would be released as the second single.
The official music video for the song was uploaded on 5 September to the band's YouTube channel.
The song had significant chart performance by peaking in the top 40 in several countries.
It has peaked at number 25 in the UK, as well as number 45 in the "Billboard" Hot 100, making "Madness" the band's second-highest charting song in the US, behind "Uprising".
The song was also notable for topping the "Billboard" Alternative Songs chart for a cumulative amount of nineteen weeks, making it the longest-running number-one song on the chart.
The previous record was eighteen weeks, held by the Foo Fighters with their song "The Pretender".
The song has been certified platinum by the FIMI in Italy and the MC in Canada.
The song has also been certified double-platinum by the RIAA in the US for 2,000,000 copies of the song sold.
"Follow Me" was revealed as the third single when several promo CD's allegedly sent to radio stations appeared on eBay.
The official lyric video was released on 1 November and the official music video was released on 11 December, both on the band's official YouTube channel.
The song failed to chart in the UK, but it ended up charting in Belgium, France, Italy, and Japan.
"Supremacy" was released as the fourth single from the album on 25 February 2013.
The song gained popularity when it was performed at the beginning of the 2013 Brit Awards.
Due to this performance, the song charted and peaked at number 58 on the UK singles chart.
The band conducted a competition to produce a music video for "Animals".
The winning entry was released on 20 March 2013.
"Panic Station" was released as the fifth single on 31 May 2013, accompanied by a music video shot during the Japanese dates of The 2nd Law Tour.
An interactive lyric video for the song was released, as well.
The band had previously performed this track, as well as "Madness", on the 6 October 2012 episode of "Saturday Night Live".
The song failed to chart in the UK, but it peaked at number two on the "Billboard" Alternative Songs chart.
Furthermore, "Big Freeze" was released in April 2013, but only for French radios and without a commercial release.
Tour.
The leg included dates in France, Italy, Ireland, Spain, Finland and the United Kingdom as well as other countries.
They had also added North American dates to the tour.
A show in Tokyo described by drummer Dom as 'the funniest ever' was also filmed.
However, a release date for this recording has yet to be confirmed, with only one song from the concert being released as a Muse website members 'Christmas present.'
Reception.
Critical.
"The 2nd Law" received generally positive reviews upon release.
On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 70 based on 30 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
"The Telegraph"s Helen Brown rated the album four out of five stars, noting the album's eclectic influences and reserving praise for "Madness" in particular.
But for now they remain pretty comfortable with the idea of obscene over-inflation.
So should we."
AllMusic rated the album three out of five stars, noting "their excursions into dubstep and dance music on tracks like "Madness" and "Follow Me" feel more like remixes than original songs.
Songs like these definitely have the spine of Muse tracks, but the production that's built up around them feels almost alien."
"The Guardian"s Alexis Petridis rated the album four out of five stars, complimenting the band's ambition but finding fault with the album's bombastic tendencies which were also present on their previous albums, stating "no one goes to see a blockbuster for its profundity and deep characterisation.
They go for the stunts and the special effects, both of which "The 2nd Law" delivers."
Accolades.
The album was a nominee for Best Rock Album at the 2013 Grammy Awards.
The song "Madness" was also nominated for Best Rock Song.
The album listed at number 46 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the top 50 albums of 2012, saying "In an era of diminished expectations, Muse make stadium-crushing songs that mix the legacies of Queen, King Crimson, Led Zeppelin and Radiohead while making almost every other current band seem tiny."
Commercial.
"The 2nd Law" had a very positive commercial performance, selling around 475,000 copies worldwide on its release.
It debuted at number 2 on the "Billboard" 200 with 102,000 copies sold in its first week, giving Muse the highest charting debut of their career in the US, although it sold fewer copies than the debut of their previous album "The Resistance", which debuted at number three with 128,000 copies.
It has sold 485,000 copies in the US .
It also debuted at number 2 in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Korea and Spain.
The album gave Muse their fourth number 1 debut in the UK with first week sales of 108,536 copies, while also debuting at number 1 in 13 other countries.
It has sold 255,000 copies in the UK in 2012 alone.
Personnel.
The 4th Anti-Aircraft Division (4th AA Division) was an air defence formation of Britain's Territorial Army, created in the period of tension before the outbreak of the Second World War.
It defended North West England during the Blitz.
Origin.
Increasing concern during the 1930s about the threat of air attack led to large numbers of units of the part-time Territorial Army (TA) being converted to anti-aircraft (AA) gun and searchlight roles in the Royal Artillery (RA) and Royal Engineers (RE), and higher formations became necessary to control them.
One such formation was the 4th AA Division, raised on 1 September 1938 in Western Command, with its headquarters at Chester.
The first General Officer Commanding (GOC) was Maj-Gen Hugh Martin.
They came under the operational control of RAF Fighter Command.
The 4th AA Division was initially responsible for the industrial areas of the North West and West Midlands of England and North and South Wales.
Shortly afterwards, 44th AA Brigade was formed at Manchester.
The division came under the control of Anti-Aircraft Command when that was formed in April 1939.
Mobilisation.
The deterioration in international relations led to a partial mobilisation in June 1939, and a proportion of TA AA units manned their war stations under a rotation system known as 'Couverture'.
Full mobilisation of AA Command came in August 1939, ahead of the declaration of war on 3 September 1939.
Two new brigades, 53rd (Light) AA Brigade composed of Light AA (LAA) units, and 54th, composed of searchlight units, were in the process of formation in the 4th AA Division as mobilisation proceeded.
Order of Battle.
During the period of the Phoney War, the AA defences of NW England were not tested in action, and the time was spent in equipping and training the TA units.
AA Command also had to provide equipment and units to the British Expeditionary Force assembling in France.
From the 4th AA Division, the 73rd AA Regiment went to France in November 1939 where it joined the 12th Anti-Aircraft Brigade providing AA cover for the airfields of the RAF's Advanced Air Striking Force.
In January 1940, Maj-Gen Martin went to command the AA defences of the BEF.
He was replaced by Maj-Gen Charles Cadell, recently returned from commanding the AA defences of Malaya.
Battle of Britain.
In the summer of 1940, all AA units equipped with 3-inch or heavier guns were designated as Heavy AA (HAA) regiments to distinguish them from the newer LAA units.
Also, in August the AA battalions were transferred from the RE to the RA, which designated them searchlight regiments.
Deployment.
In September 1940, the 4th AA Division formed the 4th AA Z Regiment to command the new short-range rocket weapons known as Z Batteries.
Also in September 1940, RAF Fighter Command created a new HQ (No.
9 Group RAF) to cover NW England, and henceforth the 4th AA Division cooperated with it.
As the Battle of Britain fought over southern England in the summer of 1940 developed into the night bombing of the Blitz in the autumn, AA Command continued to expand.
In November a new division was formed by splitting the 34th and 54th AA Brigades off from the 4th AA Division to create the 11th AA Division, which took over responsibility for the West Midlands, while the 9th AA Division took over South Wales.
At the same time, the 4th AA Division came under the control of a newly formed II AA Corps.
The Blitz.
'On an HAA 4.5-inch position of 44th AA Brigade in Manchester, the power rammer on one gun failed.
The wide Mersey Estuary left a gap in the Liverpool defences that could not be fully covered by AA guns, and by mid-1941 AA Command had begun constructing three Maunsell Forts in the estuary on which to mount AA guns.
Order of Battle.
Mid-War.
The main Blitz ended in May 1941, but occasional raids continued on Manchester and Liverpool.
Newly formed AA units joined the division, the HAA units increasingly being 'mixed' ones into which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated.
At the same time, experienced units were posted away for service overseas.
This led to a continual turnover of units, which accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for Operation Torch and the need to transfer AA units from North West England to counter the Baedeker Blitz and the "Luftwaffe"'s hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.
At the end of September 1942, AA Command disbanded the AA Corps and Divisions and replaced them with new AA Groups, whose areas of responsibility coincided with the Groups of RAF Fighter Command.
The responsibilities of 4th AA Division (by then headquartered in Liverpool) were taken over by the 4th AA Group, with its HQ at Preston, which covered NW England and N Wales and operated with No.
9 Group RAF. 4th AA Divisional Signals became 4th AA Group Signals on 21 October 1942 The 4th AA Group in turn was disbanded in November 1944.
Theridion melanurum is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae.
Tajwal is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Location.
Tajwal is located in the south of the district and is in the north western part of Havelian Tehsil, it is bounded by the following union councils, Nathia Gali to the north, Palak to the east, Seer Gharbi and Nara to the south, as well as Dewal Manal and Nara to the west.
Tajwal, located in a valley, is near Changla Gali en route from Murree to Abbottabad.
From Murree to Nathiagali a small stop of Changlagali with little shops and hotels.
On this stop a link road lead to Tajwal, Jeeps, Texi and Toyota Hice for public transport, simple man and women travel by these transport.
Some basic necessity that is water, electric, school and road has been established in this village.
The Nadi Aro is a small river that divides this village from Bagan.
Culture and religious factor are common element in these villages.
The main tribe of this area are the Karlal.
Phillips Heights is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States.
Joel Tobeck (born 2 June 1971 in Auckland, New Zealand) is an actor known for his roles in the television series "Tangle", "The Doctor Blake Mysteries", "Xena Warrior Princess", "", and "Young Hercules" and "Sons of Anarchy".
In 2016 Tobeck began performing as the demon Baal on the show "Ash vs Evil Dead".
Tobeck lives in Cambridge with his partner Yvette, with whom he has three children.
Career.
Tobeck is known for his roles in the television series "Tangle", "The Doctor Blake Mysteries", "Xena Warrior Princess", "", "Young Hercules" and "Sons of Anarchy".
In 2016 Tobeck began performing as the demon Baal on the show "Ash vs Evil Dead".
Personal life.
Tobeck lives in Cambridge with his partner Yvette, with whom he has three children.
History.
Early life.
He was said to have been born in Shropshire, and came to the attention of Richard Fermor, a merchant of the Staple at Calais, who brought him to Greenwich in 1525 to present to the King.
He is first mentioned in the royal accounts on 28 June 1535.
Career.
Sommers remained in service to the King for the rest of Henry's life.
In the King's later years, when he was troubled by a painful leg condition, it was said that only Sommers could lift his spirits.
The jester or fool was also a man of integrity and discretion.
Thomas Cromwell appreciated that Sommers sometimes drew the King's attention to extravagance and waste within the royal household by means of a joke.
They were people believed to have intellectual disabilities.
Fools such as Sommers were given the support they needed and status within society.
Such individuals were permitted familiarities without regard for deference, and Sommers possessed a shrewd wit, which he exercised even on Cardinal Wolsey.
He did occasionally overstep the boundaries, however.
In 1535, the King threatened to kill Sommers with his own hand, after Sir Nicholas Carew dared him to call Queen Anne "a ribald" and the Princess Elizabeth "a bastard".
Robert Armin (writer of "Foole upon Foole", 1600) tells how Sommers humiliated Thomas, the King's juggler.
He interrupted one of Thomas's performances carrying milk and a bread roll.
Thomas told him to use his hands.
He then threw the milk in his face and ran out.
Thomas was never at court again.
Sommers used his influence to compensate an uncle who had been ruined by an enclosure of common land, although it took a very subtle appeal by Sommers to Henry.
Depictions.
Sommers is believed to be portrayed in a painting of Henry VIII and family at the Palace of Whitehall.
Sommers also appears with Henry VIII in the Psalter of Henry VIII that was made for the King and is now in the British Library (MS Royal 2.
A. XVI).
A previously unknown picture in which Sommers appears was discovered in 2008 at Boughton House, Northamptonshire.
Today, entertainers sometimes perform as 'Will' in Renaissance-themed entertainments such as Renaissance faires.
After Henry.
After Henry's death, Sommers remained at court, eventually retiring during the reign of Elizabeth I.
Under Mary I, Will's role was mainly ceremonial, and as a sidekick to Mary's personal fool, Jane Foole.
Will was reputed to be the only man who made Mary laugh, apart from John Heywood.
Will's last public event was the coronation of Elizabeth I.
Death.
He was probably the William Sommers whose death is recorded in the parish of St. Leonards, Shoreditch, on 15 June 1560.
A modern plaque in the church commemorates his burial there.
In culture.
See also John Doran's "History of Court Fools" (1858).
Howard Goorney played Will Sommers in two episodes of the 1970 BBC mini-series "The Six Wives of Henry VIII".
In Margaret George's 1986 fictional "The Autobiography of Henry VIII", Will Somers protects the manuscript from Queen Mary, who would destroy it.
"Somers" adds observations in his own hand that throw light on the old King's hypocrisies and failings.
Will Sommers has a major part in the plot of "The Queen's Fool", a 2004 historical fiction novel by Philippa Gregory.
That book's protagonist is Hannah Green, a fictional jester at the court of Mary I of England.
Sommers is shown as Hannah's very sympathetic mentor, training her in the art of being a jester and unstintingly sharing his professional secrets with her.
David Bradley played Will Sommers in the fifth episode of the third season of the Showtime series "The Tudors" (2009).
The real Sommers was younger than Henry VIII but in this series he is portrayed as an elderly and sardonic attendant who provides the grieving king with consulation following the death of Jane Seymour.
Temenuga () is a village in Ardino Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern-central Bulgaria.
It is located southeast of Sofia.
The 1947 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1947 college football season.
Edward J. Stec and Don Davidson were the team captains.
In the final Litkenhous Ratings released in mid-December, Bucknell was ranked at No. 217 out of 500 college football teams.
He brought a new style of pop rock music to the Burmese music scene in mid-1980s, and was popular till his death in 2004.
He released 14 solo albums in his 18-year career.
His songs remain Burmese standards and his premature death is still mourned by millions of fans.
Background.
Htoo Eain Thin was born on 1 July 1963 in Pathein in the Irrawaddy Division to a Burman father (Tun Myint) and a Mon mother (Mya Yin).
He graduated from Basic Education High School No.
3 Pathein in 1979, and attended Pathein Regional College for two years.
In 1981, his entire family moved to Mawlamyaing, and he enrolled in a correspondence course at the University of Mawlamyine, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 1984.
After graduation, he studied formal music education under a well known music instructor Aung Soe (KC Francis).
Htoo Eain Thin played the guitar, the bass guitar, the piano, the harmonica and the drums.
Musical career.
Htoo Eain Thin is widely remembered for his heart-felt songs with his own original music and lyrics.
Being an "original" songwriter means a lot in Myanmar.
To be sure, Htoo Eain Thin's musical style was heavily influenced by Western jazz, rock-and-roll and pop music.
Some critics complained that his sound was still too "derivative" or "emulative", comparing his compositions and arrangements to those of the Bee Gees or the Beatles.
His style was unique, even compared to that of other contemporary singer-songwriters like Soe Lwin Lwin and Kaiser.
Like most Burmese songs, many of his songs are about love and heart-ache, only areas that could safely pass through draconian Burmese media censors, which did not (and still don't) tolerate even a hint of social commentary.
His 1991 ode "Yazawin Mya Ye Thado-Thami" (The Bride of History) raised a few eyebrows.
Although the song ostensibly is about Myanmar's main artery Irrawaddy river, many took it to be as an implicit reference to Aung San Suu Kyi.
He was banned from performing the song in his concerts.
Within the confines of Burmese censors, one topic he wrote extensively about was the mother's love, the relationship between the mother and the son, and a son's regrets.
He devoted an entire album "A-May" (Mother) to this topic.
The song "A-May Ein" (Mother's Home) continues to resonate deeply with many Burmese home and especially, abroad.
His success with "Naryi" was followed by a string of successful albums, culminating in "Atta Bon Saung Khe Mya", and "Akyinna Einmet", both released in 1991.
His songs from this early era are still very popular today.
In particular, "Mei-Lai-Taw" (Just Forget It), "Min-Ma-Shi-De-Nauk" (Since You've Been Gone) and "Hsway-De" (Longing) remain standards to this day.
His success waned in later albums though he remained popular.
Htoo Eain Thin also composed many commercially successful songs for other singers.
A successful singer, Aung Yin has publicly acknowledged that he owes his success to his "saya" (teacher) Htoo Eain Thin.
Hayma Ne Win, a popular female singer, has covered many of Htoo Eain Thin's popular songs.
Premature death.
Htoo Eain Thin died suddenly in 2004 of heart disease.
Album discography.
Htoo Eain Thin released 15 solo albums.
James Porter (dates of birth and death unknown) was an English cricketer.
Porter's batting and bowling styles are unknown.
Porter made his first-class debut for Sheffield Cricket Club ("aka" Yorkshire) against Manchester in 1844, with him making two further first-class appearances against the same opposition in 1845.
 is a 2017 Japanese romantic comedy film.
The second co-project of director Junichi Ishikawa and screenwriter Ryota Kosawa after the 2015 film "April Fools", it stars Yui Aragaki and Eita.
It was released October 21, 2017.
Plot.
Tomita Tamako is a child table tennis prodigy.
She has been undergoing vigorous table tennis training by her mom.
But after her mom died, she quit the sport and never played again.
She fell in love with her company's male table tennis player Ejima Akihiko.
But Akihiko cheated on her when the company recruited a new female table tennis player, Airi Ogasawara, and they broke up.
Dejected, she quit her job and returned to her hometown.
She then discovered that her father, a taxi driver, is deeply in debt.
He asked her to help him out.
She initially worked in a canned food factory but was soon fired for her clumsiness.
Left with no other option, she took over the family's rundown table tennis club which only has five members.
Meanwhile, Hagiwara Hisashi, a divorced former boxer, is working in construction nearby and he decided to take up table tennis and joined the club, because his daughter has taken up the sport.
In order to gain fame and recruit more members, Tamako decided to enter the national tournament.
Tamako chose to enter Mixed Doubles as it is easier to win than singles.
As the other members have found their partners Tamako is reluctantly paired with Hagi.
All 3 pairs suffered huge defeats in the regional tournament, but they vowed to continue training in order to play again one year later.
They recruited the Chinese restaurant owners, who were China national table tennis team rejects, to help with their training.
After months of intense training, Tamako and Hagi finally defeat the Chinese restaurant pair and are ready for the regional tournament.
Hagi's ex-wife and daughter turned up at the table tennis club and said they would like him to return and has found him a job.
But the job interview is on the same date of the tournament.
Realizing this is a chance for Hagi to re-establish his relationship with his family, Tamako decided not to join the tournament and went back to work in the canned food factory.
The other pairs, despite better performances, suffered defeats in the first rounds.
Hagi sought out Tamako in the canned food factory, he told her his ex-wife and daughter already established new lives with another man and declared his love for her.
The pair arrived at the tournament in time for their match.
They advanced to the final and face Tamako's former boyfriend Ejima Akihiko and Airi Ogasawara.
The match lasted until the last set when Ejima Akihiko won the match by a lucky reflex save.
Despite the loss, Tamako and Hagi found fame and the table tennis club turned into a hugely popular club.
Production.
Development.
Filming began mid-February, 2017 and finished late March 2017.
Modern Toss is a partly animated British comedy programme based on characters from "Modern Toss", the creation of British comedy writers and cartoonists Jon Link and Mick Bunnage.
Renowned for their scurrilous humour and highly stylised animation, it was created in 2004, initially as a website publishing single panel jokes and then as series of irregularly released comics.
The initial pilot programme was commissioned by Channel 4 as part of their "Comedy Lab" series and broadcast on 10 May 2005.
Series one was first broadcast between 11 July to 15 August 2006.
Following the DVD release of the first series in November 2007, a second series was shown between 23 January and 27 February 2008.
The show features the voices of Lee Kern, Mackenzie Crook, Simon Greenall, Paul Kaye, Doon Mackichan, Lucy Scott, Anthony Davis, David Schall and Ralph Brown.
The series last played in the United Kingdom on 4Music in 2011 and the pilot episode received an airing on Channel 4 in August 2012.
 is a Japanese communist and member of the Japanese Red Army (JRA), responsible for the massacre of 26 passengers at Ben-Gurion International Airport in Israel.
Biography.
Kozo Okamoto is the youngest child of a school principal.
He was a 24-year-old botany student when he was recruited to the Japanese Red Army.
He was later detained in Lebanon.
During his stay in Lebanon, Okamoto converted to Islam.
Lod Airport massacre.
After disembarking from the plane the three members of the JRA proceeded to the baggage claim area.
Upon retrieving their luggage, they took out automatic weapons packed inside the suitcases and opened fire on other passengers in the baggage claim area.
The idea behind the joint effort was for the JRA to carry out attacks for the PLFP, and "vice versa", in order to reduce suspicion.
The plan worked, as Okamoto and his comrades attracted little attention prior to their attack.
Okamoto and his comrades killed 26 people and wounded 80 more.
Seventeen of the victims were Christian pilgrims from Puerto Rico.
Yasuyuki Yasuda was accidentally shot dead by one of the other attackers.
Tsuyoshi Okudaira was killed by one of his own grenades, either due to premature detonation or a suicide.
Trial and release.
Okamoto was tried in an Israeli military court under the 1948 Emergency Regulations.
His court-appointed lawyers were Max Kritzman and David Rotlevy.
Chicago-born and British-trained Kritzman, who was chief lawyer, had experience defending Israelis charged under the Emergency Regulations.
Of Okamoto, he complained that "this man will not cooperate."
Okamoto pleaded guilty, ensuring that he did not get sentenced to death.
He also protested his attorneys' requests for a psychiatric evaluation.
Okamoto was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in Israel.
During the incarceration, he requested to convert to Judaism and tried to circumcise himself with nail clippers.
Okamoto was released in 1985 after 13 years in prison, as part of the Jibril Agreement, a prisoner exchange with Palestinian militant factions for captive Israeli soldiers.
Asylum in Lebanon.
They were sentenced to three years in prison.
The sentence was passed by Judge Soheil Abdul-Shams on 31 July 1997.
After their prison term was completed, the four other members of the JRA were forcibly deported to Jordan and from Amman, Jordan via a chartered Russian plane to Japan.
The Lebanese government, however, granted political asylum to Okamoto because, according to the Lebanese government, he "had participated in resistance operations against Israel and had been tortured in Israeli jails."
Okamoto is still wanted by the Japanese government and Japan has requested his extradition. , he was reported to be living in a refugee camp near Beirut.
In May 2017, Okamoto gave an interview to the "Mainichi Shimbun" in Beirut.
He said "I want to return to Japan once".
Mathew Devaris was a Greek scholar during the Renaissance.
He was born in Corfu but migrated to Rome Italy at a young age.
Dieter Krassnig (born 3 August 1973) is an Austrian snowboarder.
The Prairie and Arctic Storm Prediction Centre (PASPC), is tasked with forecasting weather for the public and mariners in the Canadian Prairie Provinces, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut Territory, and adjacent domestic waters.
The PASPC operations are split between an office in Winnipeg, Manitoba and an office in Edmonton, Alberta.
The agency provides continuous weather monitoring and issues weather forecasts, weather warnings and weather watches as a part of this process.
Daily severe weather discussions are issued to give additional information on a region that is becoming a severe weather threat, stating whether a watch or warning is likely and details thereof.
The agency is one of five weather forecast centres for the Meteorological Service of Canada.
The other four weather centres are the Pacific and Yukon Storm Prediction Centre (Vancouver, British Columbia), the Ontario Storm Prediction Centre (Toronto, Ontario), the Quebec Storm Prediction Centre (Montreal, Quebec), and the Atlantic Storm Prediction Centre (Dartmouth, Nova Scotia).
The Atlantic Storm Prediction Centre also houses the Canadian Hurricane Centre plus manages the Newfoundland and Labrador Weather Office (Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador).
Each storm prediction centre provides continuous public and marine forecasts and warnings for various parts of Canada's sovereign territory.
Aviation weather forecasts are produced separately by the two offices (Edmonton and Montreal) of the Canadian Meteorological Aviation Centre.
The Prairie and Arctic Storm Prediction Center is part of the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), operating under the control of the Canadian federal department of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC).
History.
The Prairie and Arctic Storm Prediction was created in 2003.
Prior to that, weather forecasting for the Canadian Prairies and the Canadian Arctic had evolved significantly over the previous century.
The PASPC's creation was the culmination of decades of transition within the Canadian weather service during this period.
The Meteorological Service of Canada was founded in 1871.
The first forecasts were prepared in 1876 and 1887 from Toronto, Ontario.
These forecasts were primarily for marine interests along the Canadian Atlantic coast and the Great Lakes.
As the observing and telegraph networks expanded westward to the Prairie provinces, regular forecasts for southern Manitoba were established in 1899 and for Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1903.
By this time, a second weather forecast had opened in Victoria, British Columbia but only produced forecasts for that province.
The number of forecast offices, including one in Winnipeg, expanded in the late 1930s to support Trans-Canada Airlines which was established in 1937.
During the war, additional weather centres, including ones in Edmonton, Whitehorse (Yukon Territory), Lethbridge, Alberta, and CFB Rivers (Manitoba), were added in support of Canadian civilian aviation and military operations.
The Winnipeg office provided some basic forecasts for the Canadian public in the Prairies.
The Lethbridge office also provided "storm forecasts" for parts of southern Alberta.
After the war, the public weather forecast system, which was still being done out of Toronto for all of Canada east of the Rockies, was decentralized.
Regional forecast centres were established in 1946 in Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax.
The Edmonton office was responsible for Alberta, Yukon, and the western half of Saskatchewan, while the Winnipeg office was now responsible for eastern Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Northwestern Ontario.
The advent of numerical weather prediction in the early 1960s changed the forecasting system in Canada to one of large regional forecast centres, called "Weather Centrals", with local support offices called "Weather Offices".
For the Canadian prairie provinces and the arctic territories, the Prairie Weather Central was established in Winnipeg by 1967.
The smaller Weather Offices in support of the Prairie Weather Central included Edmonton, Whitehorse and Regina, Saskatchewan.
In 1971, the weather service was moved to Environment Canada, a new Federal Department.
The Weather Centrals became "Weather Centres".
The newly renamed Prairie Weather Centre (PrWC) still operated out of Winnipeg and its area of responsibility was the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario.
Forecasts for the Yukon were now formally provided by the Yukon Weather Office.
The Regina Weather Office remained open but was eventually closed in 1979.
In 1993 and 1994, the Canadian weather service consolidated its 54 smaller weather briefing offices and eight weather centres into 17 new "Environmental Services Centres".
The Prairie Weather Centre was broken up into the Saskatchewan Environmental Services Centre, based in Saskatoon, the Manitoba Environmental Services Centre in Winnipeg and the Northwestern Ontario Environmental Services Centre in Thunder Bay.
The Alberta Weather Centre was split into the Northern Alberta Environmental Services Centre in Edmonton and the Southern Alberta Environmental Services Centre is Calgary.
Arctic weather forecasting continued to be done out of Arctic Weather Centre in Edmonton (co-located with the Northern Alberta Environmental Services Centre) and the Yukon Weather office.
In 1998, the Edmonton, Calgary, Saskatoon and Winnipeg offices were consolidated into the new Prairie Storm Prediction Centre (PSPC) based in Winnipeg.
The new office was responsible for all public and marine forecasts and warnings for the three Prairie Provinces.
However, the aviation forecasting responsibilities for these offices were moved to the new Prairie and Arctic Aviation Weather Centre (PAAWC) in Edmonton.
The PAAWC was also responsible for all public and marine forecasts and warnings for the Northwest Territories, Nunavut Territory and adjacent waters in the Canadian Arctic.
The Yukon Weather Office was closed and the Yukon forecasts were transferred to the Kelowna (British Columbia) Environmental Services Office.
The public and marine forecast and warning responsibilities from the PSPC and the PAAWC were combined into the new Prairie and Arctic Storm Prediction Centre (PASPC).
The aviation responsibilities for all of western Canada and the Arctic now fell under the responsibility of the new Canadian Meteorological Aviation Centre (CMAC - West).
The Yukon Territory forecasts were transferred from Kelowna to the renamed Pacific Storm Prediction Centre in Vancouver.
The PASPC amalgamation was preceded with controversy.
Leaked information prior to the official announcement indicated that only five public and marine weather forecast offices across the country would remain open.
The information indicated that the Winnipeg location, home of the Prairie Storm Prediction Centre, was to close and that all of its forecasting responsibilities would move to the new PASPC in Edmonton.
Public and political backlash resulted in a modest change to the original plan.
The officially announced plan resulted in the new Prairie and Arctic Storm Prediction Centre having its staff split between the Winnipeg and Edmonton locations.
In 2007, meteorologists from the PASPC assessed the damage of a tornado at Elie, Manitoba to be F5 on the Fujita Scale.
The Elie, Manitoba tornado was Canada's first recorded F5 tornado.
Rosengren is a Swedish-language surname.
Michelle Rifenberg (born January 30, 1957) is an American politician and homemaker who served as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1997 to 2002.
Background.
A native of La Crescent, Minnesota, Rifenberg received her Bachelor of Science degree from Viterbo University and was a homemaker.
Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using a two round electoral system.
Description.
Until 2017 the constituency had elected conservative representatives throughout the Fifth Republic.
Election results.
2022.
2017.
2012.
Hopeless Romantic is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Michelle Branch.
It was released on April 7, 2017, by Verve Records.
Co-written and co-produced by Patrick Carney, the album is Branch's first release with Verve after leaving her previous label, Reprise Records, and having the original album material scrapped.
"Hopeless Romantic" is also Branch's first full-length album to be released since "Hotel Paper" (2003), and first overall release since the "Everything Comes and Goes" EP in 2010.
The eponymous lead single from the album premiered on "Billboard" from her Vevo account on February 2, 2017, and was released digitally on February 3, 2017.
Background.
In early 2001, Branch signed with Maverick Records under Warner Bros. Records and released two highly successful studio albums, "The Spirit Room" and "Hotel Paper", in August 2001 and summer 2003, respectively.
"The Spirit Room" was certified double platinum by the RIAA, selling more than 2.5 million copies, while "Hotel Paper" was certified Platinum by the RIAA.
In 2002, Branch collaborated with Santana and recorded "The Game of Love", which earned both Santana and Branch a Grammy Award.
From 2004 to 2008, Branch formed a country duo with Jessica Harp called The Wreckers.
Additionally, Branch announced that she was working on a new solo album titled "Everything Comes and Goes" that was slated for a June 2008 release, but due to personal and professional struggles it was delayed, and instead released as an EP in June 2010.
In 2011, Branch attempted a return to pop rock with the album "West Coast Time", which also went unreleased due to restructuring within her record labels Reprise Records and Warner Bros. Records.
With the stressful factors of having two unreleased albums, contentions within her record label, the breakup of her country duo, motherhood and subsequent divorce, Branch was on the verge of officially quitting her music career.
In June 2015, however, Branch announced via Instagram that she had signed a new contract with Verve Records.
Branch began dating Patrick Carney of The Black Keys that same year, and they co-wrote the album that would become "Hopeless Romantic".
Composition and development.
It was the first time that someone pushed me to figure it all out on my own."
The album's content is very personal, featuring songs about Branch's breakup with ex-husband Teddy Landau and about her new relationship with Patrick Carney.
Promotion.
To promote "Hopeless Romantic", Branch performed at New York City's Bowery Electric, performing songs from the new album as well as her past hit "Are You Happy Now?".
The album's lead single, "Hopeless Romantic", was released digitally on February 3, 2017.
"Best You Ever" was released as the first promotional single from the album on March 3, 2017.
"Fault Line" was released as the second promotional single from the album on March 31, 2017.
Promotional appearances in the media to support the album included a performance of "Best You Ever" on "Good Morning America" and "Late Night with Seth Meyers" on April 6, 2017.
Critical reception.
"Hopeless Romantic" received mostly positive reviews from music critics.
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 72 out of 100, which indicates "generally favorable reviews" based on 7 reviews.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic rated the album four out of five stars, calls it "a new beginning on several different fronts", and writes, "it comes on so smoothly, it's easy to overlook how the songs quickly sink into the subconscious."
Writing for "Paste" and rating the album 7.2 out of 10, Max Freedman states that on "Hopeless Romantic", Branch "tells her story with enough variance to stay engaging."
"Entertainment Weekly"'s Madison Vain rated the album a "B", commenting, ""Hopeless Romantic" charts new ground, going beyond the simple math of adding the blues-rock percussionist and anthemic pop-rocker together."
Track listing.
All tracks produced by Patrick Carney and Gus Seyffert, except where noted.
Personnel.
It originates from the River Ticino near the village of Somma Lombardo, and runs eastwards for to the Adda River.
Construction began in 1877, but Villoresi himself died two years later.
The works were completed in 1890 by a consortium.
Gilah Chaja Leder (born 1941) is an adjunct professor at Monash University and a professor emerita at La Trobe University.
Her research interests are in mathematics education, gender, affect, and exceptionality.
Leder was the 2009 recipient of the Felix Klein Medal.
Early life.
She was born in 1941, during the II World War, in Hilversum, North Holland.
Being a Jewish child, she was hidden and protected by the catholic Zwanikken family of Laren.
The father of the house, Cornelis Zwanikken worked at the municipality department of Social Affairs.
She learned to read and write in her early childhood.
After the war she was reunited with her family.
They started to live in Netherlands, where she visited coeducational elementary school.
In November 1953 she moved to Adelaide, Australia.
She started her 7th grade there at Woodwille High School, a coeducational government school.
She got her bachelor's degree with honours in mathematics at University of Adelaide.
Career.
She started her career teaching maths at a high school in Melbourne.
Later she was offered a position at Melbourne Secondary Teachers College.
After having given birth to her 2 children, she completed her PhD and a doctorate at Monash University.
Later she was appointed as a lecturer in the Faculty of Education at Monash University.
In 1990 she edited and published a journal "Mathematics and Gender" together with Elizabeth Fennema.
In 1993 she was named Monash's University 'Supervisor of the Year' for her talent in supervising postgraduate students.
In 1994 she was appointed a professor of Education at La Trobe University.
In 2010 she was honoured by the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction for her achievements in mathematics education, research and development.
She was elected a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 2001.
She is past President and life member of the Mathematics Research Group of Australasia and of the International group of Psychology of Mathematics Education.
Leder was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours in recognition of her "significant service to higher education, and to the Jewish community of Victoria".
Jewish Council on Urban Affairs (JCUA) is a nonprofit organization based in Chicago that mobilizes the Jewish community of the region to advance racial and economic justice.
JCUA partners with diverse community groups across the city and state to combat racism, antisemitism, poverty and other forms of systemic oppression, through grassroots community organizing, youth education programs, and community development.
About.
According to Slingshot, a Resource Guide to Jewish Innovation, "For 45 years, the Jewish Council on Urban Affairs (JCUA) has been perceived by many as the social consciousness of the Chicago-area Jewish community".
According to Sojourners magazine, JCUA is the preeminent model for today's Jewish social justice organizations.
As a Chicago-based organization, JCUA pioneered the American Jewish community's participation in social justice work.
Since 1964, JCUA has been working with neighborhoods targeted by social and economic depression and collaborates actively with immigrant communities to promote human rights and social justice.
Working with other community-based organizations, JCUA focuses on issues that affect urban communities, such as "poverty, education, employment, housing, transportation and crime".
JCUA mobilizes the Chicago-area Jewish community in an effort to build partnerships and to advocate on behalf of disenfranchised Chicago residents.
History.
Early Activity.
JCUA was founded in 1964 by Rabbi Robert Marx, who at the time was the Midwest Director of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (now the Union for Reform Judaism) and a committed civil rights activist.
JCUA's origins can be traced to the civil rights movement of the 1960s when Rabbi Robert Marx marched alongside Rev.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in his Open Housing March in Marquette Park.
JCUA was established as a Jewish voice promoting human rights and social justice for Chicago's neighborhoods.
In its early years, JCUA worked with the Contract Buyers League to fight unfair real estate practices in Westside homes that were causing excessive fines and evictions of black homeowners.
The first staff member of JCUA was Lewis Kreinberg, a young graduate student of the University of Wisconsin.
Kreinberg's first assignment was to work with the Northwest Community Organization (NCO) to counter slum landlords who were exploiting tenants.
Kreinberg worked extensively with community organizations on the Westside of Chicago such as in Lawndale with the Lawndale Peoples Planning and Action Council and the Westside Federation.
Kreinberg represented JCUA as a staff member loaned to Martin Luther King Jr. the Campaign to End the Slums.
Kreinberg worked extensively, as well, in Pilsen with 18th St. Development Corporation and Pilsen Housing and Business Alliance. 1970s.
JCUA continued its extensive work with community-based organizations in very low income and oppressed communities responding to local issues including gentrification, discrimination, school and housing desegregation, political and social disenfranchisement and government corruption.
The organization also supported non-profit community-based developers, advocated for improved tenant living conditions, assisted in organizing tenant unions, and aided in the formation and staffing of the Public Welfare Coalition.
JCUA focused on supporting local organizing and the empowerment of Chicago's most oppressed communities, working closely with Chicago's diverse racial, ethnic, and religious groups.
By working actively in partnership with grassroots community-based organizations, JCUA helped to build strong relationships with diverse groups, sharing common agendas, strengthening their commitments and capacity to create progressive coalitions and bring about social change.
For example, JCUA joined a coalition with African American and Latino communities to address job discrimination in Chicago-area corporations and to protest the Nazi march in Marquette Park.
Working with local organizations in West Town, JCUA rallied in opposition to the post office, which at the time was practicing employment discrimination against Latino.
The Union of American Hebrew Congregations (now the Union for Reform Judaism) and JCUA created a summer youth program called the Youth Mitzvah Corps, empowering young people to volunteer in the inner city. 1980s and 1990s.
Jane Ramsey was the organization's executive director from 1980 - 2012.
As in the previous decade, JCUA continued its focus on local social services, assisting in the formation and staffing of the Chicago Coalition for Voter Registration, a group organized to educate about widespread homelessness in Chicago.
Continuing its struggle for increased affordable housing, JCUA developed strategies to provide more low-income rental properties for the Latino community in Humboldt Park and for homeless women in Uptown, Edgewater, and Rogers Park.
Working in several coalitions, JCUA continued the struggle for the preservation and rehabilitation of low-income and public housing.
The Community Ventures Program allowed JCUA members to provide no-interest loans to non-profit developers.
Other JCUA campaigns focused on hunger and workers rights.
Working with ICARE, JCUA organized statements for City Council which advocated for increased city funding and resources for hunger alleviation.
With the Living Wage Campaign, JCUA fought for the Living Wage Ordinance which demanded employers with city contracts or city subsidies to pay employees a living wage.
JCUA helped initiate Progress Illinois, a group of Illinois-based organizations that supported a graduated state income tax which would alleviate the tax burden for middle and low-income families, also allowing for additional state revenue to fund education and human service programs.
JCUA developed several Jewish initiatives that worked to organize the American Jewish community around issues of social justice.
The Judaism and Urban Poverty (JUP) curriculum was developed to be used in synagogue religious schools in order to teach Jewish youth about the institutional and structural causes of poverty.
The JUP curriculum instructed children about the social responsibility, informed by Jewish perspectives, to improve the living conditions of those most in need.
JCUA also assisted in the creation of a national organization called AMOS.
The mission of AMOS was to make social justice a top concern of American Jewry.
The Urban Mitzvah Corp was initiated as a program for Jewish college students over their winter breaks.
Program participants rehabilitated housing with Habitat for Humanity and learned about poverty from community experts and local rabbinic leaders.
To strengthen relationships between black and white Jews, JCUA created an educational and social program called Shalem (Hebrew for "Making Whole").
The program developed strategies to raise public awareness of African American Jews. 2000s to the Present.
Marking the fifth anniversary of the Congress Hotel strike, JCUA mobilized more than 70 members of the Jewish community, including several rabbis, to support the strikers who are seeking workers' rights, such as living wages and basic benefits.
JCUA members and participants have continued to picket along with striking workers at the hotel through the seventh anniversary of the strike in 2010.
Demanding political accountability, JCUA along with several other community organizations created a comprehensive agenda to hold local government officials accountable.
This campaign is known as "Developing Government Accountability to the People" or DGAP.
In 2010, DGAP published updated information on the records of Chicago aldermen and asked local citizens to grade their alderman on the DGAP website.
JCUA has worked to ensure broad healthcare access in Illinois.
JCUA won an increased 2008 budget for the Cook County Bureau of Health along with the creation of an independent board of directors that would take control of managing Cook County's public health care system, the second largest of such programs in the country.
JCUA continued its work to preserve affordable housing in the city of Chicago.
The organization assisted residents of housing projects in filing a law suit, claiming that orders for the residents to relocate violated their human rights.
JMCBI mobilizes Jews and Muslims to advocate collaboratively around several social justice campaigns.
Together with the Community Renewal Society, JCUA convened the Justice Coalition of Greater Chicago (JCGC), which brought together 100 faith-based, civil rights, other types of organizations to battle police and criminal prosecutorial misconduct.
In a landmark success, JCUA and JCGC won a moratorium on the death penalty in Illinois, postponing all lethal injections until investigations could conclude why more Illinois executions had been overturned rather than carried out.
JCUA initiated Or Tzedek, the Teen Institute for Social Justice.
Or Tzedek is an urban-immersion program aimed at strengthening teens' Jewish identities though social justice education and direct activism.
After the 2008 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raid and the subsequent bankruptcy of Agriprocessors, Inc. kosher meatpacking plant in Postville, Iowa, JCUA and Jewish Community Action of St. Paul, Minnesota were invited to join the Postville Community Benefits Alliance (PCBA).
JCUA supports legislation that would provide illegal immigrants with an avenue to achieve citizenship and advocates a ban on deportations.
Current Activities.
JCUA works to end racism, poverty and antisemitism by mobilizing the Jewish community of Chicago to advance racial and economic justice.
It is the only Jewish organization based in Chicago using a community organizing model to advance systemic change on domestic issues with a local focus.
JCUA works on grassroots organizing campaigns with its 2,000 members and in partnership with more than 100 community organizations across the city and state.
As a member-driven organization, JCUA selects issue campaigns based on the input and deliberation from its core membership base.
In the past, JCUA has worked on campaigns focused on civil rights, public housing, police brutality, immigration reform, and worker rights.
Currently, JCUA is active on four issue-based campaigns.
Its immigration justice campaign, in coalition with the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, focuses on making Chicago and Illinois safer for immigrant communities.
The coalition seeks to shut down Chicago's Gang Database, end collaboration between city agencies and federal law enforcement, and remove carve-outs in Chicago's Welcoming City Ordinance.
Its police accountability campaign focused on reforming policing and public safety in Chicago, by implementing civilian oversight over the Chicago Police Department and reforming police union contracts.
Its Fair Tax campaign focuses on passing the Illinois Fair Tax referendum in the 2020 election, which would amend the Illinois constitution to remove the state's flat tax and implement a progressive tax system.
Its Right to Recovery campaign focuses on ensuring an equitable response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and that essential workers and communities of color are adequately served by city and state governments.
JCUA focuses on preserving affordable housing opportunities for low-income Chicagoans and strengthening Chicago neighborhoods through its Community Ventures Program (CVP).
Since 1991, CVP funds have led to the creation of 4,200 units of affordable housing and more than 1,000 living-wage jobs.
JCUA runs two youth engagement programs for teens and college-aged students focusing on community organizing through a Jewish lens.
The programs give participants the opportunity to engage with issues such as affordable housing, health care, immigration, poverty, and homelessness.
General elections were held in Uganda on 18 February 2011.
Incumbent President Yoweri Museveni of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) was re-elected for a third time, having been in power since 1986.
The NRM also won 263 of the 375 seats in Parliament.
Background.
Museveni, a former guerilla commander, had ruled Uganda for nearly 30 years at the time of the elections.
Campaign.
At the time of the elections, Uganda was facing a potential oil shock, which became a campaign issue.
The NRM contested every constituency seat, putting forward a total of 364 candidates.
The Forum for Democratic Change nominated 288, the Uganda People's Congress 135, the Democratic Party 120, the Uganda Federal Alliance 66, the People's Progressive Party 33, and the People's Development Party 18.
Conduct.
European Union observers said the election was "marred by avoidable and logistical failures, which led to an unacceptable number of Ugandan citizens being disenfranchised."
Results.
Parliament.
The four-party Inter-Party Cooperation chairman Kizza Besigye said before the results were announced that the opposition "categorically rejects the outcome of the elections."
He later warned that Uganda was ripe for an Egypt-style revolt after Museveni's more than two decades in power.
However, the protesters failed to amass in large numbers because, as "The Christian Science Monitor" suggested, a failure to tally its own results through its own SMS system was disrupted by the government, who also arrested hundreds of opposition field agents.
Tovar, usually preceded by the particle "de" (meaning "from"), is a surname that was adopted in the Middle-Ages by a Castilian noble house that received the lordship of the village of Tovar from Fernando III.
It has since spread to several Spanish and a few Portuguese branches.
James Joe Childs (born August 9, 1956) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis Cardinals.
He played college football at Cal Poly.
Early career.
Childs graduated from La Puente High School in California.
College career.
Standing 6-foot-2, Childs played receiver for Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.
Professional career.
Childs was selected in the fourth round of the 1978 NFL Draft, chosen with the 97th overall pick by the St. Louis Cardinals.
In two seasons with the Cardinals (1978 and 1979), Childs caught a combined 12 passes for 143 yards and one touchdown, starting twice amongst his 21 career games played.
He also returned four kickoffs for 77 total yards during his second season.
His only professional touchdown came in the third quarter of a 16-6 loss to the New England Patriots on September 10, 1978, as he caught an 8-yard scoring pass from Jim Hart.
Production was handled by Romeo Antonio, Touch Tone, Poetic Hustla'z, and Krayzie Bone, who also served as executive producer together with Layzie Bone.
It features guest appearances from Flesh-n-Bone, Krayzie Bone, Layzie Bone, Potion and Wish Bone.
The album is unavailable on iTunes.
Minerva was launched in 1791 at Galway.
She then traded widely, particularly as a West Indiaman.
Between 1800 and 1804 she made two voyages from Bristol as a Guineaman.
That is, she was a slave ship, carrying enslaved peoples in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.
She then returned to trading with the West Indies.
A United States privateer captured her in 1814.
Career.
"Minerva" first appeared in "Lloyd's Register" ("LR") in 1792.
Although the voyage data in "Lloyd's Register" does not indicate it, "Minerva" next made two voyages as a slave ship.
He sailed from Bristol on 5 May.
"Minerva" acquired her slaves on the Windward Coast.
She delivered her slaves to Demerara and then sailed on to Grenada.
Apparently she landed some 223 slaves in all.
She returned to Bristol on 27 January 1802.
"Minerva" started acquiring slaves on 31 January 1803.
On 13 May 1803 "Lloyd's List" ("LL") reported that "Minerva", Silcock, master, had arrived at Africa.
The same report mentioned that , Coley master, had also arrived there.
"Minerva", Silcock, master, sailed to the leeward and returned to the Cape Coast Castle on 23 February.
She again sailed to leeward on 5 November.
She arrived at Demerara on 25 February and there landed 218 slaves.
Advertisements described the slaves as being "Chantee" (Ashantee?
), Coromantee, and Fantee.
"Minerva" arrived back at Bristol on 6 August.
"Lloyd's Register" continued to carry "Minerva" with unchanged information to 1813.
The "Register of Shipping" carried both vessels 10 1813 with unchanged information.
Fate.
Neither register carried "Minerva" in 1814.
On 8 January 1814 the United States privateer "Comet" captured a vessel, believed to be "Minerva", of London.
"Minerva" was close to Barbados when she was captured.
The comedy of intrigue, also known as the comedy of situation, is a genre of comedy in which dramatic action is prioritised over the development of character, complicated strategems and conspiracies drive the plot, and farcical humour and contrived or ridiculous dramatic situations are often employed.
Characterisation tends to be defined only vaguely and the plot gives the illusion of dynamic, constant movement.
The German philosopher Hegel argued that characters pursue their aims in such comedies via the use of deception.
Terminal is a medical thriller written by Robin Cook.
The novel peeps into the boom and curse of biotechnology.
Plot summary.
Newly qualified doctor Sean Murphy arrives at Forbes determined to expand his own work in oncogenes, but is frustrated by Dr. Mason and Dr. Levy, his boss at Forbes, who deny him permission.
Unknown to Sean, his girlfriend Janet Reardon follows him to Miami.
She wants to confront him about his devotion to her and discuss their future, a topic avoided by Sean at all times.
Thrown into the equation are Tom Widdicomb, a housekeeper at the Forbes Hospital, who keeps his dead mother in a Freezer at home and 'helps' breast cancer patients escape life since that is what his mother died of, and Sushita Industries, the Japanese financial backers of Forbes.
While Sushita launches an effort to 'invite' Sean to Tokyo to determine whether he is a potential threat to their investment by using Tanaka Yamaguchi, Tom is certain that Janet is there at Forbes to spy on him as she suspects his hand in the death of the breast cancer patients and should therefore be silenced as the previous nurse was, for interfering in his affairs.
Dr. Mason meanwhile learns of Sean's past as an entrepreneur and successful seller of a biotechnology firm and sets Sterling, a 'consultant' (in reality, an industrial espionage expert), on Sean's tail.
Sean decides to go to Naples with Janet to visit Malcolm Betancourt, a beneficiary of the treatment provided by Forbes.
Tom follows Janet to Naples, followed by (Robert Harris (Forbes chief of security), with both Yamaguchi and Sterling following Sean.
Harris catches Tom trying to assault Janet.
Sterling foils an attempt by Yamaguchi to kidnap Sean and Janet and convinces him to back off.
Sean and Janet escape to Key West where Forbes has its Diagnostic lab.
The Institute procured Social Security numbers and other identifying details of wealthy people and their dependents, and as opportunities arose from those people undergoing surgeries or being on IV therapy, infected with them.
Because the virus was encephalotropic, it manifested with early neural symptoms in the infected patients, in the form of seizures and convulsions.
The infected people, once they were completely cured of the disease, were usually willing to donate large sums to the Forbes.
Sean and Janet however end up with them facing the charges of conspiracy, grand larceny, burglary, burglary with deadly weapon, assault, kidnapping, mayhem, and mutilation of a dead body.
They are saved by the intervention of Sean's lawyer brother Brian.
It is hosted by Dannii Minogue and narrated by Layton Williams.
Format.
The series follows ten single gay men who are matched up and meet for the first time "...with a kiss.
No small talk.
No messages.
Just one kiss to test out their chemistry".
The show is set in an Italian country house called the "Masseria".
Prior to the show the contestants are matched, based on what they're looking for in a partner.
After meeting their match for the first time with a kiss, the men are encouraged to get to know their new partners and give a relationship a try.
Contestants.
The original contestants on "I Kissed a Boy" were announced on 26 April 2023.
Reception.
Benjamin Lee in "The Guardian" said, "It's in the show's easy balance of the basic and the specific that it most succeeds, conversations over who is top or bottom casually mixed with inane flirting over cheap wine.
At a cautious eight episodes, it's unlikely to infect the nation in quite the same way as the woozy, all-consuming "Love Island" but it's a fun and grounding reminder that we all deserve a chance to graft around the pool while a Dua Lipa song plays in the background.
Luv is luv."
Writing for "The Tab", Harrison Brocklehurst said, "True equality is us having the space to get bluntly pied on the telly, like Ben did to Ross.
True equality is letting Bobski and Mikey have secret terrace snogs where they both end up with raging semis and Josh eye rolls his way into oblivion about it all.
I am salivating for more mess, more men and more Minogue."
Spin-off.
Prior to the final episode of series 1 airing on 5 June 2023, the BBC announced that a spin-off of "I Kissed A Boy" for lesbian couples titled "I Kissed A Girl," would be commissioned.
He has pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays and Oakland Athletics.
Professional career.
Toronto Blue Jays.
In 52 games, he recorded a .229 batting average, three home runs, and 14 runs batted in (RBI).
He continued to progress through the Blue Jays' minor league system, playing 40 games for the Rookie Advanced Bluefield Blue Jays of the Appalachian League in 2011.
He hit .232 with two home runs and nine RBI on the season.
He appeared in 52 total games and hit .250 with three home runs and 25 RBI.
In May, it was suggested that he switch positions from outfielder to pitcher, and was sent to extended spring training to work with Dane Johnson.
He was assigned to Class-A Lansing to begin the 2015 season, and was promoted to the Advanced-A Dunedin Blue Jays in May.
He elected free agency after the season, but re-signed with the Blue Jays on November 21.
He opened the 2017 season with the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats, where he did not allow an earned run in 23 relief innings.
He began the 2018 season with Triple-A Buffalo before being designated for assignment on May 13, 2018.
Oakland Athletics.
Chicago Cubs.
He was released before the season on March 24, 2019.
New Britain Bees.
He became a free agent after the season.
He was released by the team on October 20, 2021.
Lexington Legends.
This station opened on 27 February 2014.
It owes its name to the area of Kato Acharnes, and is located next to Merimna Square.
History.
The station opened on 27 February 2014.
In 2017 OSE's passenger transport sector was privatised as TrainOSE, currently, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane rail infrastructure, remained under the control of OSE while station infrastructure under Gaiose.
Facilities.
The station building is above the platforms, with access to the platform level via stairs or lift.
Access to the station is via steps or ramp.
The station buildings are also equipped with toilets and a staffed ticket office.
At platform level, there are sheltered seating and Dot-matrix display departure and arrival screens or timetable poster boards on both platforms on both platforms.
Currently, there is no local bus stop connecting the station with the center of Aigio.
There is No car park at the station.
Services.
Corliss Orville Burandt is an American engineer who invented a system of variable valve timing in automobile engines.
Working through a 1965 Chevrolet Corvair, he designed a system of putting a sensor into the cylinder to optimize the fuel-air mixture during combustion.
He claims that the hybrid autos, which are on the market today, use technology from his patents.
Burandt assigned the rights to his most cherished invention to Investment Rarities, a venture capital company which specialized in gold trading.
When Investment Rarities had financial and tax setbacks in the late 1980s, it ceased paying the maintenance fees on Burandt's patents.
Thus, the patents fell into the public domain.
After his patents came to naught, Burandt fell upon hard times.
Suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, he says "I mean, I lost everything.
I lost my house, I lost all my cars.
I lost everything.
I was fricking homeless.
I lived in that goddamn car for a while.
I mean, how many inventors live in their prototypes?
I mean, is that ridiculous or what?
Between 1901 and 1949 Manchester Corporation Tramways (known as Manchester Corporation Transport Department from 1929 onwards) was the municipal operator of electric tram services in Manchester, England.
At its peak in 1928, the organisation carried 328 million passengers on 953 trams, via 46 routes, along of track.
It was the United Kingdom's second-largest tram network after the services of 16 operators across the capital were combined in 1933 by the London Passenger Transport Board.
Other large systems were in Glasgow (which had 100 miles of double track at its peak and Birmingham (80 miles).
The central and south-central Manchester area had one of the densest concentrations of tram services of any urban area in the UK.
MCT services ran up to the edge of routes provided by other operators in (what is now) Greater Manchester, and in some instances had running rights over their lines and vice versa.
There were extensive neighbouring systems in Salford, Oldham, Ashton, Hyde, Middleton, Rochdale, and elsewhere.
Services were withdrawn earlier than most other British cities to be replaced by trolleybus and motor buses.
Trams did not return to the city until the modern light-rail system Manchester Metrolink opened in 1992.
History.
Though horse-drawn omnibuses were first introduced in Manchester as early as 1824 (arguably the world's first bus service it was run by John Greenwood and ran between Market Street and Piccadilly and Pendleton toll gate in Salford).
In the subsequent years, other companies joined the rush to provide services culminating by 1850 in 64 omnibuses serving the centre of Manchester from outlying areas.
Passenger carrying trams had first began urban operation in Birkenhead in 1860.
By 1865 Greenwood merged with the other operators to become the Manchester Carriage Company.
The earliest proposals for the construction of rails on the streets of Manchester were made by Henry Osborn O'Hagan in 1872.
Though these were resisted (partly because raised tram tracks had been the source of many accidents elsewhere), by 1875, road congestion was so great that the 'tramway' could not be delayed much longer.
Working with the Corporation of Salford, Manchester successfully gained orders under the Tramways Act 1870, which permitted them to build and lease, but expressly "not to operate", tramways.
The first tracks, therefore, were built to allow the already existing lines from neighbouring Salford to run into the city along Deansgate.
As extensions and new lines were agreed, the Manchester Suburban Tramways Company was formed in 1877 to operate horse-drawn trams on the lines constructed by both local authorities.
By 1901 this company used 5,000 horses to pull 515 tramcars over 140 route miles.
Their first service, therefore, began on 17 May 1877, between Deansgate and Grove Inn on the Bury New Road.
Just three years later a new organisation was formed called the Manchester Carriage and Tramways Company that continued with the expansion.
By the 1890s it had turned itself into the most important transit operator in Lancashire.
At their height, the company had 5,300 horses, pulling 515 tram cars on almost 90 miles of route using 515 cars.
Another company which had been set up by Henry O'Hagan proposed a tram network for all the urban areas east of Manchester, from Bacup in the north via Rochdale, Oldham and Ashton to Hyde.
The first Manchester, Bury, Rochdale and Oldham Steam Tramways Company line opened in 1883, though by 1887 the company was declared bankrupt.
A new company with almost the same name was begun in 1888 (simply by deleting the word "Manchester" from its name) and successfully ran steam tramways until the municipalities began building and operating routes at the turn of the 20th century.
The Wigan and District Tramways Company ran tram services between 1880 and 1902.
On the other side of Manchester, the Trafford family sold their land following the opening of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894, creating the "Trafford Park Estates Company", which built a gas-powered tramway to serve the new factories in 1897.
It was replaced by an electric-powered tram line within the industrial estate from July 1903.
This enabled investment and conversion of the Bolton lines to electric traction during December of that year (followed in 1901 by Wigan).
In 1900 the South Lancashire Tramways Company was formed (later renamed Lancashire United Tramways and again Lancashire United Transport in 1905), which ran an extensive inter-urban system from Atherton.
Birth of Manchester Corporation Tramways.
The Manchester Carriage and Tramways Company leases were due to expire between 1898 and 1901, so the Corporation of Manchester agreed in 1895 to take over and modernise the existing tramways themselves.
They sent inspectors to view the systems operated elsewhere in order to assess the best means of traction power and delivery for Manchester.
The decision was then taken to use electrical power carried overhead but the track itself needed a complete overhaul from the horse-drawn days and at some junctions the track needed was to be so complex it even had to be ordered from the United States.
It was thought that the initial requirement would be for as many as 600 electric cars but although this estimate was revised down to 400 it was still such a large number that it was beyond the manufacturing capacity of the period.
Notwithstanding, over one hundred cars were delivered before the system opened from 1899 onwards.
The location for a new electrically equipped depot needed to be accessible to the first route so land on Queen's Road, Cheetham (part of a later extension to that depot is now home to the Greater Manchester's Museum of Transport) was purchased and on 12 June 1900, the foundation stone was laid.
Following the installation of power lines between Albert Square and Cheetham Hill, this first part of the new operation was inaugurated on 6 June 1901 with public services starting the next day.
Horse-drawn trams in London by comparison continued until 1915.
Expansion and peak.
Because by the early 1900s multiple organisations were owning various sections of tramways in Manchester and surrounding areas, Manchester took the lead in rebuilding and electrifying their routes so that they could be leased back for operational services.
The largest boroughs (Ashton-under-Lyne, Oldham, and Salford) continued to operate their own lines and began their own modernisation.
At Bury, Oldham, and Rochdale, the steam services were also brought under the control of the local municipalities.
In 1904 the Glossop Urban District Supply Company was set up to provide electric trams to Dukinfield, Glossop, Hyde, Mossley, and Stalybridge.
The short 2.5 mile run in Trafford Park came under the joint control of the Corporations of Manchester and Salford.
The tracks arrived in Piccadilly, home of the Corporation Tramway offices, on 1 June 1902.
By 1903 Manchester Corporation had just over 300 cars.
The trams were also used to carry parcels from 1905.
As late as winter 1905, horse-drawn buses still ran between Palatine Road and Cheadle and on down to Northenden, as well as on the route between Chorlton-cum-Hardy and Hulme.
Manchester Corporation Tramways proposed an experimental motor bus to replace them from 1906, effectively and portentously becoming both a tram and bus operator.
Yet another depot was needed and Princess Road in Moss Side was opened on 9 June 1909 which would house nearly 300 tram cars.
It was then possible to traverse by tram the entire urban area now known as Greater Manchester, and far into the surrounding towns of Lancashire and Cheshire, many of which had their independent services.
The extent of this inter-urban tram running compares with that found in parts of Belgium.
Many of these services were also amalgamating or joint running.
Stockport trams ran directly into Manchester with routes to Cheadle, Hazel Grove and Hyde.
Women had been employed during the war as tram guards but there were shortages of materials and maintenance staff that led to the deterioration of both the track and the vehicle fleet.
In 1918 the city's Medical Officer of Health closed the tram network to help stop the spread of Spanish flu.
In 1921 the Manchester Corporation formed a new body with Ashton Corporation and Stalybridge Joint Board which took over the Oldham, Ashton, and Hyde Tramway allowing Manchester trams to run on the Ashton via Guide Bridge section.
This led to calls from some quarters for tram expansion to be halted.
Middleton Electric Traction Company was jointly taken over by Middleton, Chadderton and Rochdale authorities in 1923.
Middleton then granted Manchester a lease to operate on their former tracks in exchange for allowing them to run Corporation trams right into Rochdale.
Buses became one of the fastest-growing areas (Manchester Corporation went from 16 vehicles in 1923 to 51 in 1926).
However new tram lines were still being commissioned especially on the south side of the city (serving Anson Rd, Birchfields Rd, Kingsway, Platt Lane, Princess Road, Seymour Grove) and also in the north (at Heywood, Middleton and on Victoria Avenue).
A final addition to the tram system came in 1928 when it was connected with the Bury Corporation system from the Middleton line to Hopwood in Heywood.
Only the tram networks serving (what became Greater) London (around 400 route miles) and Glasgow (about 170 route miles) were bigger.
Decline and replacement.
In spring 1929 a decision was needed to replace the track on the circular 53 route.
Because the tracks passed beneath a number of low bridges, running double-deck trams had been impossible.
In order to increase capacity, it would have been necessary to increase the bridge height and that was seen as prohibitively expensive so the decision was taken by the new general manager Mr. Stuart Pilcher, to replace the trams with motorbuses between Stretford Road and Cheetham Hill.
In recognition of the growing importance of bus services, Pilcher managed to get the company name changed to "Manchester Corporation Transport" this year.
Elsewhere profits were being made on Express bus services, 27 in all, many running on the same routes as trams.
In the early 1930s, tramcar revenue was lower than operating costs on some services and yet more replacement work was due and more buses were introduced.
The city council decided to abandon plans to extend the tramway to the new and rapidly expanding large council housing estate of Wythenshawe and to withdraw the trolley boys.
No more new trams were ordered.
Pilcher organised the UK's first major conversion of an intensively used tram route to buses in the United Kingdom when on 6 April 1930 the service from Cheetham Hill to Stretford Road was abandoned to the motorbus.
Manchester's bus fleet then numbered over 100, and with lower overheads and profits increasing after conversion, Pilcher was seen as the man who persuaded some cynics that trams were outdated for British cities and that buses were the future.
Major investment was needed for bridge widening on the long route to Altrincham, therefore in June 1931, the trams were replaced by buses.
It was followed a month later by the line to Sale Moor and in 1932 the long run-up to Middleton got the chop.
12 November 1932 saw the Rochdale to Manchester trams being pulled out of service by Rochdale Corporation.
In 1936 the council decided to replace the old trams on Ashton Old Road with new trolleybuses.
A depot for the Manchester trolleybus system was opened on Rochdale Road in 1936.
By March 1938, 75 miles of single track tramway had been abandoned and 21 tram routes converted to motor or trolleybus.
In 1939, 351 new motor buses and 77 trolleybuses were ordered (although 236 of the motor buses arrived before the start of the Second World War).
The final decision to completely abandon the tram system in favour of trolleybuses and motor buses was taken on 7 July 1937 but the onset of war delayed some of this.
However, during the war 4917 tons of steel were turned over to the war effort by removing abandoned tram tracks.
In 1945 the final SHMD Joint Board tramcar ran, the last tram in Oldham followed in 1946, and those in Bolton and Salford ended in 1947.
By 1949 just a few miles of track were left in Manchester and the last tram ran on 10 January of that year.
The last of the old tram cars were stored at Hyde Road depot until on 16 March they were set ablaze in a huge bonfire, permanently signifying an end to what was once the third-largest tramway system in the country.
The trams continued in Bury for a further month and the last tram ran in Stockport during 1951.
The trolley bus routes remained until they were also abandoned by December 1966.
Museums.
A short line in Heaton Park has been restored to occasional service, and currently has an operating fleet of 3 electric trams and one horse tram.
One of these, tramcar, No 765, was used as a chicken coop for many years before being restored in the 1960s by a group of enthusiasts working under the guidance of retired tramways employees at MCTD's Birchfields depot.
The women's 1500 metres event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place from 2 to 6 August 2021 at the Japan National Stadium. 45 athletes from 25 nations competed.
Kenya's Faith Kipyegon successfully defended her Olympic title, to become one of only two women, along with Tatyana Kazankina, to win two Olympic 1500 metres titles.
The silver medal went to Great Britain's Laura Muir and the bronze went to Sifan Hassan of the Netherlands.
Summary.
Sifan Hassan had already announced her intention to attempt to win the 1500, 5000, and 10,000 metres triple at the Olympics.
On the day, she had already won her first race, the qualifying heat for the 5000 metres final, this was to be her second race of the night.
Faith Kipyegon was the defending Olympic champion, 2017 World Champion and runner up to Hassan at the 2019 World Championships.
On the final lap of the second heat, Claudia Bobocea stumbled, causing Natalia Hawthorn to lose her stride and put her arm out trying to keep her balance, in turn causing Edinah Jebitok to trip.
A step behind her, Hassan tripped and was down on the track.
With 14 Olympic athletes ahead of her, Hassan quickly got back to her feet and ran after them.
Hassan not only got back to a qualifying position, she won the heat.
Later that evening she won the 5000 metres.
Jebitok was later granted a position in the semis.
The semis also produced their own drama first when Winny Chebet tripped on the second lap, collecting Cory McGee during her fall.
The injured McGee finished 10th but was granted a position in the final by the referee.
As the final began, Gabriela DeBues-Stafford moved to the front and Hassan dropped to the back of the pack, with Kipyegon and Muir also dropping back to watch her.
Half a lap into the race, Hassan floated up to the front to take the lead with Kipyegon and Muir following closely behind.
Through the penultimate turn, Kipyegon moved onto Hassan's shoulder.
DeBues-Stafford fell off the back as Kipyegon started to try to go by Hassan, the two sprinting side by side down the backstretch with Muir a step behind.
With 200 metres to go, Kipyegon got past Hassan, Muir in tow.
Through the turn Kipyegon pulled away, Muir on the outside kept inching her way around Hassan, finally passing her just before the end of the turn.
Kipyegon joined Tatyana Kazankina as the only woman to successfully defend the Olympic 1500 metres title.
Background.
This was the 13th time the event was held, having appeared at every Olympics since 1972.
Qualification.
A National Olympic Committee (NOC) could enter up to 3 qualified athletes in the women's 1500 metres event if all athletes meet the entry standard or qualify by ranking during the qualifying period.
(The limit of 3 has been in place since the 1930 Olympic Congress.)
This standard was "set for the sole purpose of qualifying athletes with exceptional performances unable to qualify through the IAAF World Rankings pathway."
The world rankings, based on the average of the best five results for the athlete over the qualifying period and weighted by the importance of the meet, will then be used to qualify athletes until the cap of 45 is reached.
The qualifying period was originally from 1 May 2019 to 29 June 2020.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the period was suspended from 6 April 2020 to 30 November 2020, with the end date extended to 29 June 2021.
The qualifying time standards could be obtained in various meets during the given period that have the approval of the IAAF.
Both indoor and outdoor meets were eligible for qualifying.
The most recent Area Championships may be counted in the ranking, even if not during the qualifying period.
Competition format.
The event continued to use the three-round format introduced in 2012.
Records.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.
The women's 1500 metres took place over three separate days.
Results.
Heats.
The Italian ambassador to South Korea is the diplomatic representative of the Italian government to the government of South Korea.
The list of ambassadors from Italy to South Korea began long after diplomatic relations were established in 1884.
The current official title of this diplomat is "Ambassador of the Republic of Italy to the Republic of Korea."
Italian-Korean diplomatic relations were initially established during the Joseon period of Korean history.
After the Italy-Korea Treaty of 1884 was negotiated, ministers from Italy could have been appointed in accordance with this treaty.
Julian Gregory Joseph Koziak (born 16 September 1940) is a former politician from Alberta, Canada.
He served in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1971 to 1986.
Political career.
Koziak first ran in the 1971 Alberta general election in the district of Edmonton-Strathcona.
In the 1975 general election he faced New Democrat Gordon Wright for the first time.
He easily won the six-way race.
After the election, Koziak was appointed Minister of Education by Peter Lougheed.
After the election, Lougheed moved Koziak to the Ministry of Consumer and Corporate Affairs.
In the 1982 general election he faced Wright for a third time and defeated him by a slim margin.
Both Wright and Koziak increased their share of the popular vote.
Koziak was then appointed Minister of Municipal Affairs.
The two-floor complex housed a concert venue, lounge, dance floor, and Fuse Gallery, an art exhibition space.
Lit Lounge was noted as a major venue for New York City's hipster subculture in the mid- to late 2000s, particularly the indie rock and electroclash scene of the era.
History.
Lit Lounge was owned by Erik Foss and David Schwartz, who worked at East Village and Bowery-area bars throughout the 1990s.
Lit opened on February 22, 2002, while Fuse Gallery opened on March 16, 2002, with an exhibition of works by H.R.
Giger.
Lit quickly became a major venue for New York's hipster subculture, particularly the indie rock and electroclash scene of the era.
It was among the first New York clubs to embrace European DJs in the mashup genre such as Soulwax and Erol Alkan, along with post-hardcore artists such as Sergio Vega of Quicksand.
Lit declined in popularity after The Beatrice Inn converted into a nightclub in 2006, though enjoyed a resurgence after Beatrice was shut down in 2009.
In 2010 the bar was the subject of protests during a request for a license transfer for a new venture, in which local residents claimed Lit frequently played music past 4 a.m. on weekends and contributed to crowding on sidewalks.
Lit withdrew their transfer request in response, and committed to hiring additional security and installing additional soundproofing material.
Fuse Gallery closed on August 6, 2013, citing financial difficulties.
On July 8, 2015, Foss and Schwartz announced that Lit Lounge would close "within the next two months."
Rising rents and the changing social scene of the East Village were cited as primary reasons for the closure, with the majority of Lit Lounge's clients having migrated to the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Bushwick, Greenpoint, and Williamsburg.
In December 2015, the gay bar The Cock moved into the space at 93 Second Avenue formerly occupied by Lit Lounge.
Foss and Schwartz announced plans to reopen Lit Lounge at a location in the McKibbin Street Lofts in East Williamsburg, Brooklyn, that was at the time occupied by the Currant Cafe, a restaurant they opened in March 2014.
The venue opened as a nightclub under the name Tilt in December 2016, which closed in February 2019.
Reception and legacy.
"AM New York Metro" described Lit Lounge as "the nexus of cool people and indie bands in the early-mid 2000s."
My Universe is the second studio album by British country music duo the Shires, released on 30 September 2016 through Decca Records.
The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number three, with sales of 14,913 units which made it the fastest-selling UK country album of all time.
The album was recorded in Nashville.
"My Universe" was accompanied by a tour of the same name.
Track listing.
All tracks produced by Tim Larsson and Tobias Lundgren.
Marius Ebbers (born 4 January 1978) is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward.
He works as assistant manager of SC Victoria.
Playing career.
Ebbers scored 108 goals in the Bundesliga and 2.
Bundesliga, the first two levels of the German football league system.
He played for a couple of months abroad in 2014 - at Fort Lauderdale Strikers in the North American Soccer League.
Coaching career.
Ebbers retired in June 2017, and was immediately hired as assistant manager of the club he last played for, SC Victoria.
He left his position one year.
However, he re-joined his position again in January 2019, when his former teammate from FC St. Pauli, Fabian Boll, became the new manager of the club.
Outside football.
The Powhattan or Powhatan was an American ship that is best remembered as one of the New Jersey shipwrecks with the greatest loss of life.
The number of victims varies, according to sources, between 200 and 365.
The "Powhattan" was an emigrant ship transport of 598 tons gross.
It was registered as a new vessel on February 2, 1837, with W. Graham as owner and D. Griffith as master (captain).
About the first of March 1854, the "Powhattan" sailed from the port of Le Havre, France, destined for New York City.
It was carrying more than 200 German emigrants.
The ship remained afloat until the following day, April 16, 1854, whereupon it broke apart resulting in the deaths of the entire crew and passengers.
At the time of the accident, the ship was commanded by Captain James Meyers (or Myers) of Baltimore.
The victims washed onto the beach as far south as Atlantic City, where they were buried in three cemeteries.
Fifty-four were interred in a mass grave at Smithville Methodist Church and 45 were buried in Absecon.
The majority of the bodies, about 140, washed ashore at Peahala on Long Beach Island.
These victims were buried in pauper's graves in the Baptist cemetery in nearby Manahawkin.
The cemetery now includes "The Unknown from the Sea" monument erected by the State of New Jersey in 1904 honoring all the victims of the "Powhattan" shipwreck.
He ascended to the office of governor by three different means.
First, he succeeded Kentucky governor John W. Stevenson upon the latter's resignation to accept a seat in the United States Senate in 1871.
Later that year, he was elected to a full term as governor, defeating John Marshall Harlan in the general election.
Finally, he was appointed territorial governor by President Grover Cleveland.
Leslie was a Confederate sympathizer during the Civil War, but began to adopt a more progressive position during his gubernatorial campaign against Harlan.
Though he opposed ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, he used his influence as governor to effect passage of laws admitting the testimony of blacks in court and providing for an educational system for recently freed slaves.
He also helped quell violence perpetrated by the Ku Klux Klan in many areas of the state.
As territorial governor of Montana, Leslie quickly drew the ire of the press for his pro-temperance position.
The territory's political machinery also turned against him, and he was removed from office by President Benjamin Harrison.
When Grover Cleveland succeeded Harrison for a second term in office, he appointed Leslie district attorney for Montana.
Leslie continued to practice law well into his eighties, and was being considered for a district court judgeship in Montana when he fell ill with pneumonia and died on February 7, 1907, at the age of 87.
Early life.
Preston Leslie was born in Clinton County, Kentucky (then a part of Wayne County), on March 8, 1819.
He was the second son of Vachel H. and Sarah Hopkins Leslie.
He was educated in the public schools, then studied law under Judge Rice Maxey.
He worked with his father on the family farm until 1835, and supported himself by doing odd jobs including driving a stagecoach, running a ferry, and being store clerk.
Leslie was admitted to the bar on October 10, 1840, and served as the deputy clerk of the Clinton County courts.
In 1841, he relocated to Tompkinsville, Kentucky, where he worked as a farmer.
He became county attorney of Monroe County in 1842.
Louisa died on August 9, 1858.
Leslie married the widowed Mary Maupin Kuykendall on November 17, 1859, fathering three more children.
Mary Leslie died September 3, 1900.
Political career.
Leslie began his political career by being elected as a Whig to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1844.
He was defeated for a seat in the state Senate in 1846 by a single vote.
He continued serving in the House until 1850, when he won election to the Senate representing Monroe and Barren counties.
He then served in the Senate until 1855.
In the 1850s, the Whig Party gradually faded in Kentucky, and Leslie became a Democrat.
He declined nominations for a seats in the United States Congress and on the Kentucky Court of Appeals, preferring instead to work on his farm.
In 1859, he moved to Glasgow, Kentucky, in Barren County.
By 1861, Leslie had built up a prosperous estate and added a plot of land in Texas to his holdings in Kentucky.
In December of that year, he and his eldest son traveled to the property with 26 slaves and a large part of the family's possessions.
After establishing his household, Leslie returned to Kentucky and left the Texas estate in the care of his son.
Leslie's feelings were mixed on the issues central to the Civil War.
Known as a "strong Union man" prior to the war, his sympathies switched to the southern cause once the war began.
Nevertheless, he believed the South should solve its differences with the North through diplomatic means, and did not favor the idea of secession.
He kept a low political profile and refused military service for either side.
He returned to the state Senate from 1867 to 1871, serving as president of that body from 1869 to 1871.
Governor of Kentucky.
On February 13, 1871, Governor John W. Stevenson resigned his post to accept a seat in the U.S. Senate.
Stevenson had ascended to the governorship on the death of John L. Helm, and had no lieutenant governor.
As president of the Senate, Leslie was the ex-officio lieutenant governor, and next in line to succeed Stevenson.
A gubernatorial election was already scheduled later in 1871, and Leslie was among several nominees put forward by the Democrats.
Because of Leslie's opposition to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, his candidacy was opposed by Henry Watterson, founder of the powerful "Louisville Courier-Journal".
Despite this, Leslie emerged from a field of Democratic candidates that included future governors John Y.
Brown and J. Proctor Knott and former Confederate governor Richard Hawes.
John G. Carlisle was chosen as Leslie's running mate, and was declared by one commentator to be "by odds, the ablest man on the ticket".
Leslie's opposition to the Southern Railroad bill while serving in the state senate proved a liability with some voters in his own party.
Because of his southern sympathies, he was also opposed by the more progressive "New Departure" wing of his party.
Nevertheless, he enjoyed support from the Bourbon Democrats in the state, as well as the state's tobacco interests and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.
During the campaign, Leslie's opponent Republican John Marshall Harlan was blasted as a "political weathercock" for having changed his stance on many issues.
In one joint debate, Leslie quoted an antebellum speech wherein Harlan had called the Republican platform "revolutionary, and if carried out, would result in the destruction of our free government."
Harlan admitted his inconsistent stands, declaring that he would rather be right than consistent.
Meanwhile, Leslie began moving closer to the "New Departure" wing of his party during the course of the campaign.
Ultimately, Leslie's supporters deemed him "sober, conservative, and safe", and this perception enabled him to defeat Harlan by a considerable margin in the first election in which blacks were allowed to vote.
Leslie laid out an aggressive legislative agenda in his inaugural address to the General Assembly on September 5, 1871, but legislators were more concerned with passing the Southern Railroad bill that would create a connection between the railroads of Cincinnati, Ohio, and those of the Southern United States.
The line would pass through central Kentucky, opening up trade to the region.
It would be funded primarily by capital from Ohio, and would provide competition to the Louisville and Nashville Railroad's monopoly in the state.
Though Leslie wasn't particularly supportive of the bill, he refused to veto it because of the potential economic benefits to the state.
Leslie was also faced with the issue of post-war violence by the Ku Klux Klan.
The legislature had refused to pass a law against mob violence in 1871.
In his address to the legislature on December 6, 1871, Leslie endorsed legislation that made it illegal to write or post threatening notices and to band together and wear disguises.
This proposal enjoyed favorable public opinion, and was passed during the legislature's next session.
With the railroad and violence issues resolved, Governor Leslie urged the legislature to improve the status of blacks in the state, including the creation of an educational system for blacks and the approval of the testimony of blacks in the state's courts.
He commissioned a new geological survey, appointing native Kentuckian Nathaniel Southgate Shaler to head the work.
An advocate of the temperance movement, he secured additional regulations on the sale of liquor.
Also during Leslie's tenure, the penal system was improved.
Devout Baptists and teetotalers, Governor and Mrs. Leslie did not serve alcohol in the governor's mansion and were given a silver service set at the expiration of his term by the Good Templars of Kentucky for their charity to the needy.
Following his term in office, Leslie was elected to serve on the Glasgow circuit court, a position he held for six years, beginning in 1881.
He failed in a re-election bid in 1886 by four votes.
Governor of Montana.
In 1887, President Grover Cleveland appointed Leslie to be the Territorial Governor of Montana.
Cleveland made the appointment on the recommendation of John Marshall Harlan, Leslie's opponent in the Kentucky gubernatorial election of 1871, who was now serving as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Leslie soon ran afoul of the local press, who labeled him the "Coldwater Governor" for his stands in favor of temperance.
The press's opinion of him further dimmed when he pardoned a prostitute convicted of grand larceny because the penitentiary was not equipped to accommodate women.
He urged the territorial legislature to enact fiscal reforms and improve facilities for the insane and the incarcerated, but he was no match for the political machinery in Montana Territory.
During the investigation that followed, it was discovered that Leslie, along with several other state officials, had procured personal loans from the state treasury through Tate.
Later life and death.
Following his removal from office, Leslie opened a legal practice in Helena, Montana, partnering with A. J. Craven.
President Cleveland in his second term appointed Leslie U.S. district attorney of Montana.
He served from 1894 to 1898.
During his final years practicing law in Helena, Leslie gained widespread acclaim and served as president of the Montana State Bar Association.
On a return visit to Kentucky in 1906, he addressed the legislature, noting how he had helped the state adjust to the "new order" following the Civil War.
Montana governor Joseph Toole was circulating a petition to have Leslie named a district court judge when Leslie fell ill with pneumonia.
He died February 7, 1907, and was buried at Forestvale Cemetery in Helena.
Memorials.
He began cycling at the age of 13 in 2007 in his home country Suriname.
He participated at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games in Veracruz, Mexico and won bronze in the Elite Sprint.
He participated in the 2015 Pan Am Games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada where he was ranked 9th in the Men's Sprint and 6th in the Men's Keirin.
Achievements.
He won gold at the Caribbean Track Cycling Championships 2017 and bronze at the 2017 Pan American Track Cycling Championships both in the 200m Men Elite Sprint.
In 2016 he already won silver in the Elite Sprint at the 2016 Pan American Track Cycling Championships, in Mexico, a first ever for his country.
Beating favorite Trinidad's Njisane Phillip in straight rides in a best-of-three.
In 2016 he repeated this win and hold on to the crown at the UCI 9th Festival of Speed Men's Elite Sprint in Pennsylvania, USA.
He won bronze in the Elite Sprint at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games in Veracruz, Mexico.
Samuel Aguiar (born 30 December 1968) is a Portuguese rower.
The 2006 Arizona State Sun Devils football team represented Arizona State University in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The team's coach was Dirk Koetter who was fired after the season.
It played its home games at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona.
Game summaries.
Northern Arizona.
Rudy Carpenter threw for 261 yards and 2 touchdowns and an interception as The Sun Devils needed a strong fourth quarter to beat I-AA Northern Arizona at home.
Nevada.
ASU had 575 total yards, as Rudy Carpenter threw for 333 yards and 5 touchdowns (to 5 different receivers) and an interception and the Sun Devils rolled over the Wolf Pack.
RB Ryan Torain led ASU with 70 yards and a touchdown on 8 carries.
Colorado.
ASU had 440 total yards, as Rudy Carpenter threw for 248 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 2 interceptions and the Sun Devils defeated the Buffaloes.
ASU RBs Keegan Herring and Ryan Torain combined for 162 yards and 1 touchdown on 27 carries.
The ASU defense held Colorado QB Bernard Jackson to 86 passing yards.
California.
Ryan Torain rushed for 185 yards and 1 touchdown, but Rudy Carpenter threw 4 INTs as the Sun Devils struggled all afternoon against the Golden Bears.
The ASU defense, who had only given up 38 points all year, gave up 396 yards on defense.
Oregon.
Ryan Torain rushed for 113 yards, but Rudy Carpenter completed only 6 passes for 33 yards as the Sun Devils never led against the Ducks.
The Sun Devil offense only went 1-13 on 3rd down conversions, and could only muster 213 total yards.
The ASU defense coughed up 584 yards, a season high.
USC.
The ASU defense caused 4 USC turnovers, but they could only manage 266 total yards as the Sun Devils lost a close one to USC, 28-21.
Rudy Carpenter went 12-21 with 124 yards.
Ryan Torain collected 96 total yards and a touchdown.
Stanford.
Homecoming weekend proved to be nice to the Devils, who punished a struggling Stanford squad, 38-3.
Rudy Carpenter went 14-15 with 160 yards and a touchdown.
Keegan Herring rushed for 2 touchdowns.
The Cardinal offense was held to only 190 yards.
Washington.
Homecoming weekend in Seattle was ruined by a walk-off Carpenter to Brent Miller touchdown pass in Overtime.
Hawaii Bowl.
Colt Brennan broke the NCAA single-season record for touchdown passes with 58, throwing five in the second half to lead Hawaii to a 41-24 victory over Arizona State in the Hawaii Bowl.
Brennan, 33-of-42 for 559 yards, threw a 7-yard scoring pass to Ryan Grice-Mullen on the Warriors' second series of the second half to break the previous mark of 54 set by Houston's David Klingler in 1990, also against the Sun Devils.
Brennan tied the record with his 54th touchdown pass on the previous series, throwing a 38-yard scoring pass to Jason Rivers.
Brennan and Rivers, selected the co-MVPs for Hawaii, also teamed on the final touchdown pass, a 79-yarder late in the fourth quarter.
Rivers finished the game with 308 yards on 14 catches, the most in a college bowl game since 1937, which is as far as the record books go back.
Brennan also set the WAC single-season record for most passing yards (5,549), which was previously held by BYU's Ty Detmer in 1990.
The Warrior offense racked up a season high 680 total yards, while the defense held Arizona State to 391 yards, sacked Sun Devil quarterback Rudy Carpenter four times, and forced two fumbles, one in the red zone halting an ASU drive, and another which led to a field goal.
Brennan finished the season with 5,549 yards to become just the third quarterback in college history with 5,000 yards and 50 touchdowns in a season, joining Klingler and Texas Tech's B. J. Symons.
Hawaii (11-3) matched the school mark for most wins in a season, set in 1992 when the team went 11-2.
The Sun Devils (7-6) concluded their disappointing season, unable to send coach Dirk Koetter out with a win.
He coached his final game after being fired the previous month.
"She's a Miracle" is a song written by J.P. Pennington and Sonny LeMaire, and recorded by American country music group Exile.
It was released in March 1985 as the third single from the album "Kentucky Hearts".
The song was Exile's sixth number one on the country chart.
Calai is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.
The municipality has an area of and a population of 22,654 (2014).
Wakayama Prefecture held a gubernatorial election in November 2018.
Life.
He was born in Coupar Angus on 17 July 1836, the son of Patrick James Stevenson.
He is thought to have studied Divinity at Aberdeen University.
His first post as a minister was as assistant at Aberdeen West Parish Church.
In 1861 he was ordained as minister of Millbrex church, north-east of Fyvie Castle.
He moved to Dundee in 1865.
In 1873 he succeeded Rev Dr John Tannoch as minister of Glamis Church.
As minister for the area covering Glamis Castle his parishioners included members of the Bowes-Lyon family including the Queen Mother and her brother Fergus Bowes-Lyon though circumstances meant that he did not christen either.
In 1888 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
His proposers were Hugh Macmillan, Alexander Dickson, James Geikie and John Gray McKendrick.
Stevenson, along with James Stirton, wrote an obituary for botanist Thomas King upon his death in 1896.
It was published the following year in "The Annals of Scottish Natural History."
He died in Glamis on 27 November 1903.
He was succeeded as minister by Rev John Stirton.
Family.
In 1864 he married Elizabeth Valentine, daughter of John Vaklentine of Canada.
Craig Skinner (born 21 October 1970) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League.
Career.
Skinner was born in Manchester.
He made 16 appearances for Blackburn Rovers before moving to Plymouth Argyle, managed by Peter Shilton, in summer 1992.
He signed a three-year contract.
He was transfer-listed in early 2000.
As of April 2001, he had not made an appearance during the season and had been left out of reserve squads.
Paul Walter Quinn (born 1959) is a Scottish musician who was the lead singer of cult 1980s band Bourgie Bourgie, and also released records with Jazzateers, Vince Clarke and Edwyn Collins and sang on an early track by the French Impressionists.
Biography.
Quinn was a classmate of Edwyn Collins between the ages of 11 and 15, and sang backing vocals on "Rip It Up" by Collins' band Orange Juice.
After singing with Postcard Records band Jazzateers (contemporaries of Josef K, The French Impressionists and Aztec Camera) he formed Bourgie Bourgie in May 1983 along with former members of his previous band.
Bourgie Bourgie were signed by MCA Records and released two singles in 1984, both of which charted in the UK, "Breaking Point" peaking at number 48 and "Careless" at number 96.
The group began recording an album with producer Mike Hedges but it remained unreleased when they split up.
Quinn then collaborated with Edwyn Collins on a version of The Velvet Underground's "Pale Blue Eyes", released on Postcard Records boss Alan Horne's new Swamplands label, which reached number 72 in the UK in August 1984.
In early 1985, Quinn released his first solo single, "Ain't That Always the Way", which again featured Collins but was credited solely to Quinn for contractual reasons, which was also a minor hit, reaching number 98 in the UK.
He then collaborated with Vince Clarke on the "One Day" single, which fared similarly.
Signed to a revived Postcard Records, they released two albums in 1992 and 1994.
In 1995, Quinn collaborated with Nectarine No. 9 on the "Pregnant with Possibilities" EP.
Quinn has neither recorded nor made any public appearances for many years.
They released two singles in 1984, both minor hits, and recorded a session for John Peel's BBC Radio 1 show the same year.
The Independent Group featured James Kirk (guitar, of Orange Juice), Blair Cowan (keyboards, from Lloyd Cole and The Commotions), Tony Soave, (drums, of The Silencers) Campbell Owens (bass, of Aztec Camera), Robert Hodgens (guitar, of The Bluebells), and Postcard Records founder Alan Horne.
After a further single, "Stupid Thing", Hodgens was replaced by Mick Slaven (formerly of Jazzeaters and Del Amitri), Steve "Skip" Reid (formerly of Associates), Andy Alston, and Jane Marie O'Brien.
A second album, "Will I Ever Be Inside of You", was released in 1994.
The band performed at the Glasgow Film Theatre, playing songs from the album while clips of films including "Midnight Cowboy", "The Loveless", "Taxi Driver", and Un Chien Andalou" played behind them.
In popular culture.
The federation was composed of the Democratic People's Federation, Basque Christian Democracy, Democratic Party of Andalusia, Castilla Democratic People's Party and the Western People's Association.
It held its first and only Congress on 29 and 30 January 1977.
He participated in the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and the 2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
Career.
In 2016, he competed in the junior team competition at the 2016 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships held in Bern, Switzerland.
At the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, he won the silver medal in the floor exercise and the bronze medal in the horizontal bar.
He also won the gold medal in the mixed multi-discipline team event.
A month later, he won the bronze medal in the men's parallel bars event at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival held in Baku, Azerbaijan.
In 2020, he won the silver medal in the junior men's team event at the 2020 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships held in Mersin, Turkey.
He also won the gold medal in the junior horizontal bar event and the bronze medal in the junior all-around event.
Perdix is a genus of Galliform gamebirds known collectively as the 'true partridges'.
These birds are unrelated to the subtropical species that have been named after the partridge due to similar size and morphology.
Taxonomy.
The genus "Perdix" was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the grey partridge ("Perdix perdix") as the type species.
They are closely related to grouse, koklass, quail and pheasants.
Description.
These are medium-sized partridges with dull-coloured bills and legs, streaked brown upperparts, and tails with barring on the flanks.
Neither sex has spurs on the legs, and the only plumage distinction is that females tend to be duller in appearance.
Grey and Daurian partridges are very closely related and similar in appearance, and form a superspecies.
Tibetan partridge has a striking black and white face pattern, black breast barring and 16 tail feathers instead of the 18 of the other species.
Distribution.
There are representatives of "Perdix" in most of temperate Europe and Asia.
One member of the genus, the grey partridge, has been introduced to the United States and Canada for the purpose of hunting.
These are non-migratory birds of the steppes and similar open country, though nowadays they are more associated with agricultural land.
The nest is a lined ground scrape in or near cover.
They feed on a wide variety of seeds and some insect food.
Cultural references.
The bird shares its name with the nephew of Daedalus of Greek mythology, who was transformed into the bird when his uncle murdered him in jealousy.
He was killed when thrown headlong down from the sacred hill of Minerva, so, mindful of his fall, the bird does not build its nest in the trees, nor take lofty flights and avoids high places.
Status.
None of the species is threatened on a global scale, but the two more widespread partridges are over-hunted in parts of their range.
The grey partridge has been badly affected by agricultural changes, and its range has contracted considerably.
Thomas Marks (born July 2, 1980, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a male water polo player from Canada.
He was a member of the Canada men's national water polo team, that claimed the bronze medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Career.
He studied agricultural engineering at the Polytechnic University of Valencia.
He was a member of the Corts Valencianes for the United Left between 1995 and 2007.
The C4-benzenes are a class of organic aromatic compounds which contain a benzene ring and four other carbon atoms.
There are three tetramethylbenzenes, six dimethylethylbenzenes, three diethylbenzenes, three isopropylmethylbenzenes, three "n"-propylmethylbenzenes and four butylbenzenes.
South Moreau Creek is a stream in Miller and Cole Counties of Missouri, United States.
It is a tributary of the Moreau River, part of the Mississippi Basin.
The headwaters are at northwest of Miller County at .
The stream flows to the northeastern direction, crossing into the southern portion of Moniteau County.
South Moreau Creek has an average elevation of above the sea level.
The Act stated that if a pauper had not left a workhouse in the past month then it was possible to detain him for 24 hours after he had given notice that he wished to leave, however the period of detention increased for the inmates who left more than twice in the past two months could be detained for 72 hours.
There's no evidence that this stopped paupers from discharging themselves furiously although it limited the number of times they could leave in one week.
Felix Clary Weatherall (born June 1993), better known by his stage name Ross from Friends, is a British electronic music producer and DJ.
He is signed to Flying Lotus' Brainfeeder label, and released his debut album "Family Portrait" in July 2018, being noted as "one to watch" by "The Guardian".
Weatherall began to make music under a number of different names before settling on Ross from Friends in 2012.
The name was chosen because a TV in the studio he was using had a DVD of "Friends" stuck inside it, and so would only play episodes of "Friends".
Career.
Weatherall's first releases came on small UK electronic labels, such as Magicwire and Lobster Theremin.
His 2015 release "(Talk to Me) You'll Understand" was described by XLR8R as "a hazy lo-fi number with woozy synths and classy vocal samples."
This breakthrough track has around nineteen million streams on YouTube.
Mixmag published a joke article on 1 April 2018, suggesting that David Schwimmer, who played Ross in the TV sitcom "Friends", was suing Weatherall.
His debut album "Family Portrait" was released on 27 July 2018.
Mixmag described it as combining various electronic influences like "the vibrancy of hip hop, Japanese boogie, and house music".
Weatherall rejects the use of the term 'lo-fi' for his music "because of the connotations of it."
In August 2019, Weatherall released "Epiphany" on Brainfeeder, a three track EP that features artwork designed by the professional skateboarder Chad Muska.
Live show.
Weatherall tours his live show with his band members and friends, Jed Hampson and John Dunk.
The live set is most notable for its unique setup 'combining saxophone and keys with Ableton-led beats and basslines'.
The three bandmates have taken their live show to many high-profile festivals and venues around the world such as Glastonbury, Coachella, The Roundhouse, Sonar and many more.
Personal life.
Weatherall was born and grew up in Brightlingsea, near Colchester, Essex, in a musical family.
His father was a designer of electronic sound systems for live shows, and played "Hi-NRG and nascent techno music at squat parties".
Maurino () is a rural locality (a village) in Spasskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia.
The population was 2 as of 2002.
Geography.
He was born in Quito.
Upon the death of his father, he moved with his mother to live in Guayaquil, where he studied at the Colegio Vicente Rocafuerte and then the University of Guayaquil.
He was also a university professor for fifteen years.
He published numerous poetry collections during his career.
He received awards from the Municipality of Guayaquil and the Guayaquil Journalists Association.
The General Elections Institution (, abbreviated as LPU) was the body that organises elections in Indonesia during the New Order.
Its responsibilities include deciding which parties can contest elections, organising the voting and announcing the results and seats won in the various branches of the government.
The institution is under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
History.
After the rise of Suharto as the president of Indonesia in 1967, Suharto began to prepare for elections in order to legitimize his seat.
The first general elections in the New Order was prepared to be held in 1971 with Law Number 15 of 1969.
The law stipulates that the president would form the General Elections Institution for the upcoming election.
Suharto would later form the General Elections Institution by the Presidential Decree Number 3 of 1970.
According to the law, the General Elections Institution was a permanent institution with three elements, the executive council, the advisory council, and the secretariat.
The first chairman of LPU was Amir Machmud, who was the Minister of Home Affairs at that time.
The Minister of Home Affairs would later hold the position for the chairman of LPU until 1998, when the organization was dissolved and replaced with General Elections Commission.
Seat of the General Elections Institution.
The Indonesian General Institution is located in a building on Jalan Imam Bonjol 29.
The building, designed by architect A.W.
Gmelig Meyling, was completed in 1955 and was among the first to be built in the post-war architecture style in Indonesia.
It was described as "impressive" at its completion.
The building was originally used for the office of the National Horticulture Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Organization.
Executive Council.
According to the Government Regulations Number 35 of 1985, the seats of the executive council was filled with ministerial posts.
The chairman of the council was seated by the Minister of Home Affairs, while the vice chairman post was seated by the Minister of Information and the Minister of Justice.
List of chairmen.
The Palazzo della Prefettura or Palace of the Prefecture is a monumental palace located in the central Piazza del Plebiscito in Naples, Italy.
It stands in front and to the north of the Royal palace.
History.
The palace previously called "Palazzo della Foresteria", was commissioned by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies as a guest house in the gardens of his royal palace.
It had previously housed a 14th-century convent of Basilian Monks.
Education.
She graduated with a law degree from the University of Athens Law School.
Kanelli also learned to speak several foreign languages.
Career.
Journalism and television.
In 1973, starting her career in journalism, she was acclaimed by Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis as the "kid of New Democracy", a designation she herself denied a while later.
In the next decades Kanelli worked as a daily columnist, a reporter at home and abroad, a news anchor and television presenter, host and interviewer.
She also worked as a radio host and presenter.
Often playing the role of media polemicist, she is noted for her forthright, irreverent, incisive and arrogant style which is criticized by her detractors and applauded by her supporters.
"Liana".
In 1992 she was given her own self-titled talk show "Liana", (also called "Liana K." in Greek language rebroadcasts outside of Greece).
The show was widely popular and gained her much notoriety in Greece and surrounding Greek-speaking regions (such as North Macedonia and southern Albania) , though it lasted only one year, due largely to some of the controversial views she presented.
After the show was canceled it remained quite popular through the practice of underground tape trading in Eastern Europe.
The trading of pirated videos and music had become quite commonplace throughout the 1980s and 1990s as so many western films were outlawed in Eastern Bloc nations (as seen in the documentary Chuck Norris vs.
Communism).
Politics.
In 1999, Kanelli announced from the podium of a rally protesting the Kosovo War and the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia that she would run as a candidate for the Communist Party of Greece for the European Parliament.
In the 2000 national election she was elected as a Member of the Hellenic Parliament for Athens' first electoral district, a seat she has successfully held by being re-elected in every election since (2004, 2007 and 2009).
While sitting in Parliament, Kanelli continues to work as journalist with more than 35 years of professional experience in newspaper, radio and television media.
She is currently the editor of Greece's communist newspaper Rizospastis.
She has also been elected to the boards of several of Greece's leading journalists' unions.
Defense of Milosevic (2004).
She attacked the United States and their allies, calling them "neo-nazis" and blaming them for the death of many innocent civilians.
On-air assault (2012).
In June 2012, during a live talk show, Kanelli was struck three times in the shoulders and the face by Golden Dawn spokesman Ilias Kasidiaris, a former army Special forces officer with a checkered criminal past.
Kanelli pushed him away after Kasidiaris threw water across the news desk at another guest, and a warrant was issued for Kasidiaris' arrest immediately following the on air incident.
The show stopped broadcasting after the melee, at which time, according to Kanelli, Kasidiaris was forced into a room and the door was closed and locked, but that before police could arrive he broke the door down and fled the scene.
According to Greek law, such a warrant must be served by police within 24 hours.
Following the incident, which gained international attention, Golden Dawn claimed Kanelli assaulted Kasidiaris first by throwing a packet of documents into his face.
Al Jazeera interview (2013).
Kanelli has been an outspoken opponent of Greek's entry into the European Union and adoption of the Euro as a currency.
In an October 2013 interview with Al Jazeera's Empire program in Athens she caused a stir by stating that Brussels and Berlin had utilized "imposing and blackmailing politics" to mislead Greece into accepting the currency.
Author.
She also established NEMECIS magazine in 1997.
Humanitarian efforts and awards.
A member of EEDYE (Greek Committee for International Peace and Detente), Kanelli has been awarded by various associations and organizations as a journalist and politician for her social and anti-racist efforts.
The Vampires are an Australian world-roots jazz group formed by saxophonist Jeremy Rose, trumpeter Nick Garbett, drummer Alex Masso and bassist Mike Majkowski in 2005.
The band formed in their final year of studying for their Bachelor of Music (jazz performance) at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music.
The band has released six albums and toured extensively around Australia, Germany, the UK, Czech Republic, Austria and Italy.
The band performs mostly original music by Jeremy Rose and Nick Garbett that draws inspiration from their travels around the world and experiences in life.
The band has performed at every major jazz festival in Australia, the Love Supreme Festival (UK), Glasgow Jazz Festival, Edingburgh Jazz Festival, Jazzahead Festival (Bremen, Germany), and the Enjoy Jazz Festival (Mannheim, Germany).
The Vampires have been nominated for an ARIA Music Award, was finalist for Best Australian Jazz Ensemble and Best Produced Album at the Australian Jazz Bell Awards, was a finalist in the AIR Awards, and were the first instrumental act to be short-listed for the Australian Music Prize.
The band is currently living in different parts of the world - bassist Alex Boneham is an established presence in Los Angeles whilst trumpeter Nick Garbett lives in Lampedusa, Italy.
Jeremy Rose and Alex Masso live in their hometown, Sydney.
Awards and nominations.
ARIA Music Awards.
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.
Australian Music Prize.
Gulen Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Gulen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.
It is located in the village of Eivindvik.
The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1863 using plans drawn up by the architect Georg Andreas Bull.
The church seats about 700 people.
The church stands on a hill in central Eivindvik, with magnificent views towards the Gulafjorden.
History.
The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1327, but the church was not new that year.
Eivindvik is regarded as a very old church site, perhaps one of the oldest in the country.
The two stone crosses which stand close to the church are over a thousand years old.
This is probably where the first Christians in the area gathered, until they built themselves a church.
The first church in the village of Eivindvik was a wooden stave church which may have been built in the 12th century.
For centuries (until 1890), the church was called "Evindvig Church" (), using the old spelling of the village of Eivindvik.
During the late 1500s, the old church was torn down and replaced on the same site by a small timber-framed long church.
In 1814, this church served as an election church ().
Together with more than 300 other parish churches across Norway, it was a polling station for elections to the 1814 Norwegian Constituent Assembly which wrote the Constitution of Norway.
This was Norway's first national elections.
Each church parish was a constituency that elected people called "electors" who later met together in each county to elect the representatives for the assembly that was to meet in Eidsvoll later that year.
When he died in 1852, the reaction of many in the community was that it important to build the new church to pay tribute to the memory of Dahl.
The local council sent the government an application to build a church that seats 700 people.
In 1860, a royal decree was handed down that gave the municipality permission to build a church of that size.
Georg Andreas Bull was hired to design the new building and Ole Syslak was hired as the lead builder.
The municipal council then resolved that the ground work should be performed by compulsory work with crews of six men daily, two days per landowning farmer and one day per farm worker.
It wasn't until 1863 that work commenced.
The old church was torn down and replaced with the present church which is located on the same site.
The church was consecrated on 13 December 1863 by the local Dean Thomas Erichsen.
The new church was large, with a nave measuring and a choir measuring .
The choir is unique in that it is made semi-octagonal in shape (making up five sides of the eight).
The church porch sits at the west end of the nave.
In 1890, the municipality, parish, and church all changed their names to Gulen, after the old Gulating assembly.
The village, however, retained the historic name Eivindvik.
The National Baptist Evangelical Life and Soul Saving Assembly of the United States of America (NBELSSA) is an African-American missions body first formed as an auxiliary of the National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.
This body was founded in 1920 in Kansas City, Missouri by Captain Allan Arthur Banks, Sr.
The NBELSSA operated within the NBC of America until 1936 or 1937, when it became an independent group.
In 1952 this Assembly claimed 644 churches and was headquartered in Boise, Idaho.
Many of these churches were evidently dually affiliated with other National Baptist conventions.
Favartia (Murexiella) taylorae taylorae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
Panarenia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae.
Its only species, Panarenia subhirsuta, is known from Peru.
Farm Progress is the publisher of 22 farming and ranching magazines.
The company dates back nearly 200 years.
Farm Progress Companies is owned by Informa.
Farm Progress has the oldest known continuously published magazine, "Prairie Farmer", which was launched in 1841.
The company publishes 18 regional magazines with local coverage of each agricultural community.
Farm Progress produces four annual farm shows including the Farm Progress Show, which launched in 1953.
History.
The company currently known as "Farm Progress" started in 1819 with the "American Farmer" magazine.
"Prairie Farmer" started in 1841, followed by "Wallaces Farmer" in 1855, which helped chronicle the vast changes in Iowa agriculture as well as provide information to help farmers trim costs and boost profits.
Three generations of the Wallace family, Henry Cantwell Wallace, Henry A. Wallace, and Henry Browne Wallace, owned and operated "Wallaces' Farmer", which was then a newspaper.
The Farm Progress affiliate Prairie Farmer purchased radio station WLS from Sears in 1928 and operated it primarily as a service to farmers.
The station moved to the Prairie Farmer Building on West Washington Street in Chicago, Illinois where it remained for 32 years.
In 1959, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theaters bought the Farm Progress Group, largely to acquire WLS and consolidate it with ABC station WENR.
In 1986, ABC merged with Capital Cities.
In 1997, the Disney Company sold the Farm Progress Companies to Rural Press.
Rural Press merged with Fairfax in 2007.
In 2012, Fairfax sold Farm Progress to Penton Media.
On November 2, 2016, Penton was bought by the UK based company Informa.
Progress Farm and its publications were integrated into the Informa Markets Division.
Farm Progress Show.
In 1953, "Prairie Farmer" teamed with WLS Radio in Chicago to host a field day where farmers could see first-hand the progress being made in farming equipment, along with seed varieties and agricultural chemicals.
In subsequent years, the show evolved to include seed test plots and field demonstrations.
The show typically was held annually at different sites in Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana.
As the event grew, it became apparent that temporary sites were inadequate to handle the large crowds and exhibits.
In 2005, a permanent biennial exhibit site was constructed near Decatur, Illinois which hosted its inaugural show in 2005.
For the 2007 show, the site was expanded and upgraded with asphalt paved streets.
This is one of two permanent biennial sites constructed to host the show.
Boone, Iowa, was selected for the show's second permanent biennial site.
In 2008 the site hosted its first show at its newly constructed permanent biennial facility.
The show now alternates between these two permanent sites on an annual basis.
The Boone site is developed on about at the intersection of U.S. Highway 30 and Iowa Highway 17, while the Decatur site includes of exhibits and field demonstrations.
He studied the fauna and flora of New Zealand.
Early life.
Thomas William Kirk was born in Coventry, England, on 30 June 1856.
He was educated at St. James' School and Auckland College, then started working on the Geological Survey staff of Sir James Hector in 1874.
They had a son, Bernard Callcott Kirk, born 23 April 1888, who served in World War I in the New Zealand Rifle Brigade as a Major and then on 7 November 1940 he signed up again, this time a Captain.
Work.
T.W.
Kirk worked in the New Zealand Geological Survey Department for seventeen years and produced numerous scientific papers published in periodicals such as "Transactions of the New Zealand Institute", "Annuals and Magazines of Natural History", "Nature", "Science Gossip", the French "Journal of Conchology", and the "Royal Society of S.A.".
More than ten papers focused on different aspects of marine zoology.
During this time he was elected to the New Zealand Institute (1878), the Geological Society of Australalia (1887), the Microscopic Society of London (1889) and became a fellow of the Linnaean Society (1890).
His first public appointment was as assistant curator of the Museum at Wellington.
In 1892 Kirk was hired in the New Zealand Education Department then transferred to the new Department of Agriculture and began publishing leaflets (many of which he wrote himself) to help educate fruit-growers.
Within three years was chief of the division of biology and pomology.
Kirk focused on supporting orchardists and managing government programs to put inspectors out in the field.
By 1896 he was successful in getting the House of Representatives to pass the Orchards and Garden Pests Act which halted imported plant diseases at the borders.
He also supported the development of farming with outreach to growers to learn about market gardening and beekeeping.
Kirk conducted the first experiment in biological control of insect pests when he introduced the Australian ladybird beetle (vedalia) to control the cottony cushion scale that attacked fruit trees as well as foliage crucial for New Zealand birds.
His leadership in the Department of Agriculture provided support for farm exports, loans and cooperative farmer organisations, including the creation in 1916 of the New Zealand Fruitgrowers' Federation.
In 1933 he and Edith celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary.
By this point they were living in Raumati Beach, a seaside resort northwest of Wellington.
He wrote his will in 1934 in which he gave everything to his wife, Edith, and he provided a yearly stipend to his wife's sister, Lizzie Woodward Callcott.
He also directed that some of his estate go to his unmarried sisters Amy Kirk and Cybele Ethel Kirk - to be shared equally with his son Bernard Callcott Kirk, wife Vyvian Dorothy Kirk and grandson Ian Vosper Kirk.
He died on 19 May 1936 at his home at Raumati Beach near Paraparaumu.
This is a list of theatres in Hobart in Tasmania, Australia.
Pirates of the Prairie is a 1942 American western film directed by Howard Bretherton and starring Tim Holt, Cliff Edwards and Nell O'Day.
In the mathematical field of topology, local finiteness is a property of collections of subsets of a topological space.
It is fundamental in the study of paracompactness and topological dimension.
Note that the term locally finite has different meanings in other mathematical fields.
Examples and properties.
A finite collection of subsets of a topological space is locally finite.
If a collection of sets is locally finite, the collection of all closures of these sets is also locally finite.
The reason for this is that if an open set containing a point intersects the closure of a set, it necessarily intersects the set itself, hence a neighborhood can intersect at most the same number of closures (it may intersect fewer, since two distinct, indeed disjoint, sets can have the same closure).
The converse, however, can fail if the closures of the sets are not distinct.
Compact spaces.
Every locally finite collection of subsets of a compact space must be finite.
A topological space in which every open cover admits a locally finite open refinement is called paracompact.
Every locally finite collection of subsets of a topological space is also point-finite.
A topological space in which every open cover admits a point-finite open refinement is called metacompact.
Second countable spaces.
In particular, no uncountable cover of a second-countable space is locally finite.
Closed sets.
A finite union of closed sets is always closed.
One can readily give an example of an infinite union of closed sets that is not closed.
However, if we consider a locally finite collection of closed sets, the union is closed.
Born in Viljandi, Estonia, Natus studied in Tallinn, and at Riga Technical University.
His best known work is the current City Hall of Tallinn, built in 1932.
Natus also created several functionalistic apartment buildings and private dwellings.
"short person") is a legendary monster that protects the entrance to a warlock's cave.
Description.
The imbunche is a deformed human with its head twisted backwards, along with having twisted arms, fingers, nose, mouth and ears.
The creature walks on one foot or on three feet (actually one leg and two hands) because one of its legs is attached to the back of its neck.
It has blue skin and sharp teeth.
The imbunche cannot talk, and communicates only by guttural, rough and unpleasant sounds.
Legend.
If the baby had been christened, the warlock debaptizes them through unknown means of black magic.
The Brujo chilote transforms the child into a deformed hairy monster by breaking their right leg and twisting it over their back.
When the child is three months old their tongue is forked, their teeth turn sharp, their skin turns blue, and the warlock applies a magic cream over the child's back to cause thick hairs.
During its first months the imbunche is fed on black cat's milk and goat flesh, and when old enough, with human corpses from cemeteries.
Besides guarding the entrance to the warlock's cave, the imbunche is used by warlocks as an instrument for revenge or curses.
And, because it has acquired magical knowledge over its lifetime spent guarding the cave, even if the imbunche is not initiated into wizardry, it sometimes acts as the warlock's advisor.
The imbunche leaves the cave only in certain circumstances, such as when the cave is destroyed or discovered and the warlock moves to another cave, or when the warlocks have need of it and carry it thrashing and yelling, scaring the townspeople and announcing misfortune to come.
The imbunche also comes out when the warlocks take it to the Warlock's Council.
The imbunche is fed solely by warlocks and is only allowed to search for its own edibles if food is lacking inside the cave.
In popular culture.
Jose Donoso's magical realist novel "The Obscene Bird of Night" reinterprets imbunche folklore as a way to bind a male child in a sack to prevent escape and bodily growth.
Travel writer Bruce Chatwin gives an account of Chilote witchcraft and the imbunche in his book "In Patagonia".
British comic book writer Alan Moore wrote a version of the imbunche(here spelled invunche) very similar to Chatwin's description during his run on "Swamp Thing", as an antagonist to John Constantine in the first story he appeared in.
This imbunche has both legs turned backwards and the tongue is not forked.
In addition, the left hand has been sewn under the skin of the right abdominal area making it appear as if the hand is tucked away.
An Imbuche appears in the Secret Saturdays animated series.
In the 2000 novel "Portrait in Sepia" ("Retrato en Sepia") by Isabel Allende, the character Aurora del Valle recalls being told about the Imbunche in her childhood.
In the 2014 urban fantasy novel, "Luke Coles and the Flower of Chiloe", the imbunche is mentioned seven times.
Later in the series, imbunches appear in great numbers as Righteous Province's (Recta Provincia's) common foot soldiers.
In the 2014 urban fantasy television series "Constantine" (based on the comics "Swamp Thing" and "Hellblazer"), the title character says that imbunche are nasty creatures that tore out throats during the time of Noah, but were presumed destroyed in the Great Flood.
A living imbunche appears in "The Saint of Last Resorts".
Constantine's friend, Ben, died because of an imbunche.
War experience.
Zaret registered for the World War II draft on April 27, 1942.
At that time, he was living in rural Cecil County, Maryland and was employed by Triumph Explosives in Elkton, Maryland.
Up to August 1943, Zaret was employed by various explosives factories, including a job as assistant director at a factory in Williamsport, Pennsylvania in 1943.
He later took a position as production safety inspector in the Explosives Division of the War Department in Chicago.
Venona.
Zaret was born Daniel Abraham Zaretsky on April 11, 1891 in Simferopol, Crimea, then part of the Russian Empire to Abraham Zaretsky.
He immigrated to the United States via Liverpool, England in April 1906.
Zaret claimed to have lived in Arkansas, Illinois, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York between 1906 and 1921.
He became a naturalized citizen on November 12, 1917.
In 1921, Zaret was living in Brooklyn, New York and was employed as a jewelry merchant.
He was a co-founder of the Norwegian Nazi party Nasjonal Samling in 1933.
In 1940 he was named by Vidkun Quisling as Minister of Defence in Quisling's attempted and ultimately unsuccessful coup government, but declined the position.
A native of Conover, North Carolina, Isenhower is an alumnus of Lenoir-Rhyne College (now Lenoir-Rhyne University) and a former insurance agent.
He is also a former corporal in the United States Army.
Isenhower served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1986 to 1992 for the 45th District, as a Republican.
The district encompassed parts of Catawba County and Burke County.
Isenhower was married to Carolyn Vaughn from 1951 until her death in 2013.
He was active in the local Lions Club, Chamber of Commerce, YMCA, Boy Scouts and Red Cross organizations.
Isenhower was also a volunteer firefighter.
He was awarded the Daughters of the American Revolution's Medal of Honor in 2006 for his service to the community.
He was affectionately known as "Mr. Catawba County" in his hometown of Conover.
Lincoln Albion Football Club was an English football club from Lincoln.
History.
The club was formed from players of the Lincoln Albion cricket club, which had been active since at least 1850, and started playing football in 1875, with a match against Market Rasen.
Its first reported football match was a draw with Brigg Britannia in 1878.
The arrival of professional football, and the foundation of Lincoln City, had a deleterious effect on the club, as it lost a number of players to the Cits.
It is equipped with 52 C-band, and 72 Ku-band transponders, and at launch it had a mass of .
It has a design life of fifteen years.
Launch.
History.
In 1994, the walls of the building were still standing, but the roof had already fallen in.
The Chapel.
The beams were manually hacked by an axe and the floor was made from beams hacked in half.
The roof was made from shingles and had a cross on it.
By 1974, all that was left was the icon room, the entrance-room had been torn down earlier.
The cross has letters written on it that are unreadable.
Chladni is a small lunar impact crater that lies near the northwest edge of Sinus Medii, in the central part of the Moon.
The crater is named for German physicist and musician Ernst Chladni who, in 1794, wrote the first book on meteorites.
The rim of the crater is roughly circular, and there is a small central floor at the midpoint of the sloping inner walls.
This feature has a higher albedo than the surrounding terrain.
It is connected by a low ridge to the rim of the crater Murchison, which lies to the northwest.
Born in Santander on 13 December 1923, Osorio studied law at the University of Oviedo.
He joined the State Lawyers Corps in 1953, serving in Cuenca and Toledo.
He later joined the Legal Service of the Spanish Air Force.
He was also a member of the Francoist Cortes and took several business administration positions.
Osorio was appointed to the Senate from 1977 to 1979.
He subsequently joined the People's Alliance and represented Madrid in the Congress of Deputies until 1986, and Cantabria until 1989.
Upon stepping down from the legislature, Osorio withdrew from the People's Alliance and quit politics.
Osorio died on 27 August 2018, at the age of 94 in his hometown of Santander.
Thanu Krishna Murthy (born 13 August 1924), better known as T. K. Murthy, is an Indian mridangam player.
Murthy is a Padma Shri and Sangeetha Kalanidhi awardee.
Personal life.
Murthy was born on 13 August 1924, to Thanu Bhagavathar and Annapurni.
Murthy started playing mridangam at the age of eight, without any formal training.
When Thanjavur Vaidyanatha Iyer, a mridangam virtuoso and the founder of the Thanjavur style of mridangam, happened to listen to Murthy performing at a concert, he was impressed and decided to train Murthy.
Vaidyanatha Iyer took Murthy to Tanjore, where Palghat Mani Iyer and Thambuswami (brother of eminent Carnatic vocalist T. M. Thiagarajan), were also undergoing training.
Murthy's family was full of court musicians and he is the fifth generation of musicians.
The family has been in music continuously for 7 generations now.
His son T.K.
Jayaraman was a music composer at All India Radio and grandson Karthikeya Murthy is a film music composer.
Career.
Murthy made his debut at the age of eleven, at Coimbatore, in a concert of Musiri Subramania Iyer with Karur Chinnaswami Iyer on violin and Tanjore Vaidyanatha Iyer on mridangam.
Murthy has performed in more than 15,000 concerts.
In a career spanning over 80 years, Murthy has accompanied eminent artistes from several generations.
Some of the notable artists with whom Murthy has performed include Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar, Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar, Chembai Vaidhyanatha Bagavathar, Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, M. S. Subbulakshmi, Madurai Somasundaram, D. K. Jayaraman, M. Balamuralikrishna, Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan, Lalgudi Jayaraman, T. V. Sankaranarayanan and U. Srinivas.
Although Murthy is a staunch follower of the Thanjavur style of mridangam, he was highly influenced by the artistry of the legendary Palani Subramaniam Pillai of the Pudukottai school of mridangam playing.
This blend of the Thanjavur and Pudukottai schools has become the hallmark of Murthy's special style.
His style also incorporates highly calculative patterns delivered with clarity and suddenness.
Recognition.
Turov was born in a family of the famous Belarusian filmmaker Viktor Turov and Soviet actress Svetlana Arkhipova.
In 2002, while being in the second year of his BA program at the Smolensk State University, Turov joined the United Russia and the Young Guard of United Russia.
In 2006, he was appointed head of the Smolensk branch of the Young Guard of United Russia.
On December 2, 2007, he was elected deputy of the Smolensk Oblast Duma of the 4th convocation.
In August 2012, he became chairman of the public council of the Young Guard of United Russia.
On September 8, 2013, Turov was re-elected to the Smolensk Oblast Duma of the 5th convocation.
On October 19, 2015, he was elected to the 6th State Duma.
Waitkera is a genus of spiders in the family Uloboridae.
It was first described in 1979 by Opell. , it contains only one species, Waitkera waitakerensis, found in New Zealand.
Description.
Female "Waitkera waitakerensis" are 3-5mm in length whereas males are 3-4mm in length.
The carapace is grey with light lateral margins.
The dorsal side of the abdomen is white with five to six posteromedian grey chevrons whilst the ventral side is grey with white book lung covers.
There may also be three pairs of white spots above the cribellum.
There is also a Northland ecotype that occupies different habitat and is larger than the rest of "W. waitakerensis".
"Waitkera waitakerensis" is restricted to the North Island of New Zealand.
This species is the only member of the family Uloboridae endemic to New Zealand.
The species is typically found in forests where horizontal orb-webs are constructed in understory vegetation.
Matthew Ryan (born November 12, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played for several teams in Europe as well as the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL.
Playing career.
As a youth, Ryan played in the 1997 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Richmond Hill, Ontario.
Undrafted, Ryan played junior hockey with the Wexford Raiders of the OPJHL before committing to a collegiate career at Niagara University of the College Hockey America.
After posting 19 points in his freshman year, he left in his following sophomore year for the higher level of competition in the Ontario Hockey League.
On August 2, 2004, Ryan was signed by the Los Angeles Kings to a three-year entry level contract.
Ryan played the next two seasons strictly with Manchester before signing a one-year contract with German team, Augsburger Panther of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.
Ryan returned later in the season and became the Panthers most dependable role player and was re-signed for a further year on June 10, 2009.
On June 15, 2010, Ryan signed a one-year contract with Austrian league team, Villacher SV.
On July 16, 2012, Ryan signed with Italian team Hockey Milano Rossoblu.
He moved to the EIHL for the 2013-14 season, playing with the Nottingham Panthers.
There he posted 64 points in 68 games and helped the team win the EIHL Challenge Cup.
In August 2014, Ryan switched teams, signing a two-year contract with the Dundee Stars in the EIHL.
Club career.
Youth career.
Mhawi was graduated from the prestigious Ammo Baba Football School, situated opposite the Al-Shaab Stadium, one of Iraq's biggest stadiums, where he spent the early part of his football education.
Many other Iraqi footballers have come out of the school such as Ali Adnan.
Al Kahraba.
After leaving the Ammo Baba school, Alaa signed for Al Kahraba.
His club was relegated to the Iraq Division One in 2013 but Alaa helped the club to the Division One title the following year where he scored 4 league goals as a defender.
Al Zawraa.
In 2015, Mhawi signed a one-year contract for Iraqi giants Al Zawra'a.
Ala'a won another league title, this time however it was the Iraqi Premier League.
His impressive showing with 6 goals from the fullback position earned him a two-year contract extension.
During the AFC Cup, Mhawi scored 2 goals, one coming against Syrian side Al Jaish on 4 April 2017 and the second coming in a match against defending champions Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya on 22 May 2017 in the zonal Semi-Final, where his team got knocked out.
Al Batin.
On 17 July 2017, Mhawi signed a professional contract for one season with Saudi Club Al-Batin.
He made his debut on 11 August in a shock 3-1 victory over Ittihad.
His contract was ended by mutual consent on 29 September 2017 after playing only two games.
Al Shorta.
Following his release from Al Batin.
Ali returned to Iraq, this time with Al-Shorta.
He made his debut on 21 November as a second-half substitute against Karbalaa.
International career.
Iraq U-17.
Mhawi made his debut for Iraq's Under-17s in 2011 at the age of just 15.
He played for the Under-17s over the next 3 years.
He went on to make 10 more appearances for the youth side scoring 2 goals in his 11 appearances.
At the age of 17, Mhawi played in the 2013 Under-17 World Cup and played in all of Iraq's matches against Sweden, Mexico and Nigeria.
Iraq U-19.
Mhawi was called up to the Iraqi Under-19 squad for the AFC Under-19 Championship qualifiers against Bangladesh and Kuwait in October 2013.
He scored 20 minutes into his debut as Iraq beat Bangladesh 6-0 and played in the 0-0 draw against Kuwait which saw Iraq top the group and qualify for the 2014 AFC Under-19 Championship.
Alaa played in all 3 of Iraq's matches at the Under-19 Asian Cup in October 2014 against Oman, Qatar and North Korea.
Despite Iraq having a higher goal difference and the same number of points as North Korea, they were knocked out at the group stage due to the head-to-head results.
He scored his second and final goal in his fifth and final appearance for the Under-19s, which came against North Korea on 14 October 2014.
Iraq U-23.
Alaa was called up to the Iraqi Under-23 squad for the 2016 AFC Under-23 Championship qualifiers against Oman, Lebanon, Bahrain and the Maldives in March 2015.
He made his debut in Iraq's 4-1 win over Lebanon and played in ever qualifier, being instrumental to Iraq's qualification to the Under-23 Asian Cup.
Alaa was part of the squad which went to Qatar for the Under-23 Asian Championship in 2016.
He played in all of Iraq's matches, against South Korea, Uzbekistan, Yemen and the U.A.E. as the young side made it to the semi-final, where they were beaten by eventual champions Japan.
In the third-place play-off, which Mhawi played in as well, against Qatar, Iraq won, awarding them with a spot at that summer's Olympics.
As a result of his performance at the Under-23 Asian Championship, Mhawi was included in the squad that went to Brazil for the 2016 Rio Olympics.
He featured in 2 of Iraq's 3 matches as they were knocked out at the group stage, despite being unbeaten.
In Iraq's match against hosts Brazil, Mhawi's direct opponent was Brazil and FC Barcelona superstar Neymar, who was expected to be the star man in a Brazil demolition.
Mhawi's excellent defending, and occasional attacking, however, prevented Neymar and Brazil from scoring in a match that saw even Brazilian fans applaud the Iraqi team after the match.
Mhawi was also key in Iraq's draw with South Africa in their final match as the got knocked out, despite not losing a match.
Iraq.
Alaa was called up to the Iraqi senior team following his impressive performances at the Under-23 Asian Championship and the Rio 2016 Olympics.
On 21 August 2016 he made his international debut and won his first cap for Iraq against North Korea in a friendly match.
Alaa has gone on to play in multiple World Cup qualifiers and friendlies for Iraq, establishing himself as one of the country's best right backs.
Personal life.
Alaa is currently based in Baghdad.
He is married and he has one daughter called rose.
His cousin is also a young professional footballer Amir Aldaraji.
Playing Style.
Mhawi is a very good all-rounder.
Despite being a right back, he can be seen scoring goals quite often.
Although he is relatively quick, he hasn't got the explosive pace that a lot of full backs have, he makes up for that with his dribbling however, as he is very good on the ball going forwards.
He set out to create an unpretentious, easy-to-watch film that would be popular with the cinemagoers, but it was ultimately poorly received at the Croatian box office and was met with mixed reviews from the critics.
Plot.
"Go, Yellow" was originally intended as a two-part TV feature.
It was shot on standard 16 mm film and later transferred to 35 mm film in order to be shown at film festivals.
The filming started on 6 June 2000 and was scheduled to last until 20 July.
There are no wide shots of the stadium in the film, as the budget did not allow that many background actors.
Instead, multiple shots were used with the same group of extras appearing as crowd in the different parts of the stadium.
Reception.
The reactions to "Go, Yellow" were varied.
He described it as "easy to watch" and "exceptionally entertaining at times", while being "lightly and stylishly directed".
However, he also described the film as "dramaturgically unbalanced", suffering from a "simplified story about the Croatian new capitalism".
"Go, Yellow" competed as one of six films screened at the 48th Pula Film Festival in 2001, but it did not win any awards, and ranked last in the viewers' choice poll.
AmTrust Financial Building, formerly known as McDonald Investment Center, Key Center and the Central National Bank Building, is a commercial high-rise building in Cleveland, Ohio.
The building rises 308 feet (94 m) in Downtown Cleveland.
It contains 23 floors, and was completed in 1969.
The building currently stands as the 18th-tallest building in the city.
When first constructed, the tower stood as the fifth-tallest building in Cleveland.
The architect who designed the building was Charles Luckman.
History.
Central National Bank.
In 1965, Central National Bank decided to build a new headquarters on the flank of the Erieview Plan (created by architect I.M.
Pei).
Central National Bank was one of Cleveland's largest banks of the 1960s.
With growth in banking, Central National Bank needed space for a new tower.
In 1966, demolition of the 6-floor Ellington Apartments (which had caught fire in 1960) began.
In 1967, ground was broken for the 23-story red bricked edifice.
It was designed by Charles Luckman of the New York City-based The Luckman Partnership architectural firm.
In 1969, the Central National Bank Tower officially opened.
In late 1977, some bricks fell off the Central National Bank Building, with no fatalities.
In 1979, engineers found a problem with an additive used in the brickwork mortar, Dow Chemical's Sarabond.
Subsequently, the Central National Bank sued Dow Chemical in 1980 and won their case.
Brickwork remodification took over two years to complete.
The building has almost 2,000,000 bricks which all had to be resealed.
In 1986, Society Bank bought out Central National Bank and its assets.
KeyCorp bought McDonald in 1998, which added its skeleton key onto the new McDonald Investments logo and the building became known as the "McDonald Investments Center."
In 2004, KeyCorp management creating a functional unit and rebranded McDonald as "McDonald Financial Group," precipitating another new logo to be placed on the top of the building.
However, the building remained McDonald Investments Center.
UBS.
In 2007, McDonald was sold to Swiss-based UBS, causing the building to be renamed to Key Center.
In February 2007, new signage was placed on the street level.
UBS will have a Cleveland Office in the building.
In June 2007, an electronic stock and news ticker was installed giving people on the streets news and business information, as in New York City's Times Square.
AmTrust Financial Services.
Moving most of its Ohio operations into this building has helped revitalize the downtown area dubbed the Nine-Twelve District.
Location.
Background.
Born as William Smijth, he was the oldest son of Sir Edward Bowyer-Smijth, 10th Baronet and his wife Laetitia Cecily Weyland, daughter of John Weyland.
On 10 June 1839, his name was changed to Bowyer-Smijth by royal licence.
He was educated at Eton College and went then to Trinity College, Cambridge.
In 1850, Bowyer-Smijth succeeded his father as baronet.
Career.
From 1845, he played for the Marylebone Cricket Club until 1848.
Bowyer-Smijth contested South Essex in the 1847 general election unsuccessfully.
He entered the British House of Commons in 1852, sitting as a member of parliament (MP) for until 1857.
Bowyer-Smijth had a commission as lieutenant in the 19th Essex Rifle Volunteers and served as a Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice of the Peace.
Family.
On 2 April 1839 he married firstly Marianne Frances Meux, second daughter of Sir Henry Meux, 1st Baronet in Cheshunt in Hertfordshire and had by her two sons and a daughter.
Bowyer-Smijth later left his wife and pretending to be a widower, he began to court Eliza Fechnie Malcolm, daughter of David Baird Malcolm, who was aged sixteen at that time.
Under the impression of a feigned ceremony, she considered herself to be lawful married and borne him twelve children, six sons and seven daughters until 1873, when she learned that his wife was still alive.
When he promised to make up the marriage after the death of Marianne, she however continued to stay with him.
Bowyer-Smijth's first wife died on 19 March 1875 and he remarried Eliza in Cheltenham in London only a week later.
Only two daughters born after the marriage, were legitimately, all others illegitimately.
Although legitimised under Scottish law by petition in 1918, the English baronetcy and estates could not pass to these children.
Bowyer-Smijth died, aged 69 in Twineham Court in Sussex and was succeeded as baronet by his oldest son William of his first marriage, after whose death the title went to his nephew Alfred Bowyer-Smyth.
He spent most of his career as a professor and later served as the first dean of the Stanford University Graduate School of Education in California.
Cubberley, who was born in Andrews, Indiana, was the son of Edwin Blanchard Cubberley and Catherine C. Biles.
He graduated from Indiana University in 1891, and then served as president of Vincennes University from 1891 until 1896.
On June 15, 1892 he married Helen Van Uxem, a fellow student he had met at Indiana University.
He was superintendent of schools in San Diego, California from 1896 until 1898.
He joined the faculty of Stanford, then went to Columbia University where he earned a Ph.D. in 1905.
He returned to the Stanford faculty in 1906 as a professor of education.
He was the dean of the Stanford school of education from 1917 until he retired in 1933.
Much of his work on "educational efficiency" was tied to the idea of eugenic intelligence, and in his work, he propagated racist views about fundamentally lower intelligence in non-white races.
Works.
For much of the 20th century, the dominant historiography of schooling in America was exemplified by Cubberley.
His many textbooks emphasized the rise of American education as a powerful force for literacy, democracy, and equal opportunity, and a firm basis for higher education and advanced research institutions.
He advocated enlightenment and modernization over ignorance, cost-cutting, and traditionalism in which parents tried to block their children's intellectual access to the wider world.
Teachers dedicated to the public interest, reformers with a wide vision, and public support from the civic-minded community were the heroes.
The textbooks helped inspire students to become public school teachers and thereby fulfill their own civic mission.
Cubberley was perhaps the most significant theorist of educational administration of his day.
At the outset of Cubberley's career, school administration had no theoretical or scientific basis.
Indeed, educational administration posts were often political plums requiring little, if any, formal training in education.
Most universities lacked education departments.
In conducting surveys, he applied an integrated theory of organization, administration, and teaching, to assess the strengths and weaknesses of individual schools.
He used the latest statistical and quantitative methods.
His surveys were significant steps down a new road toward improving school functions.
Cubberley's work influenced the establishment of the factory model of curriculum implemented widely throughout North America well into the 21st century.
Cubberley's academic legacy has been controversial.
Since his death in 1941, Cubberley's impact has been attacked, most memorably by Lawrence Cremin's "The Wonderful World of Ellwood Patterson Cubberley" (1965).
Some academicians have used Cubberley's methodology as a cautionary tale and termed his approach anachronistic and evangelistic, and some of his administration stances have been attacked as sexist and autocratic.
The Golden Sheaf Award for the Best of Festival production is presented by the Yorkton Film Festival.
History.
In 1947 the Yorkton Film Council was founded.
The first Yorkton Film Festival was held in 1950.
During the first few festivals, the films were adjudicated by audience participation through ballot casting and winners were awarded 'Certificates of Merit' by the film council.
The winner of this award is determined by a panel of jurors chosen by the film council to select the most outstanding production in the festival.
The competition was held biennially from 1958 until 1979 and has been held annually since 1980.
The only exceptions have been in 1979 when there was no overall best film selected and in 1988 and 1994 when there were co-winners selected.
Xylopia calophylla is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family.
Robert Elias Fries, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its beautiful leaves (Latinized forms of Greek , calli- and , phullon).
Description.
It is a medium-sized tree.
The young branches are densely covered in soft, silky, rust-colored hairs, but as they mature they become hairless.
The branches have reddish bark and often have lenticels.
Its elliptical, papery leaves are 8-10 by 2.5-3.5 centimeters.
The leaves have short, pointed bases and tapering, somewhat blunted tips, with the tapering portion 5-10 millimeters long.
The leaves are differently colored on their upper and lower sides.
The upper sides are shiny and hairless.
The lower sides are densely covered in silvery hairs that lay flat against the surface.
The midribs of the leaves are impressed on their upper surface and very prominent on their lower surface.
The leaves have secondary veins that are also impressed on the upper surface and form a network pattern.
Its petioles are 5-6 millimeters long, covered in soft hairs, with a groove on their upper side.
Its Inflorescences occur in axillary positions.
The flowers are on pedicels that are up to 3 millimeters long, packed together in dense groupings, and covered in gold-colored silky hairs.
Its flowers have 3 egg-shaped sepals that are 2 by 2 millimeters, with pointed tips.
The base of the sepals are fused at their margins.
The sepals have silky hairs on their lower surfaces and are hairless on their upper surfaces.
Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3.
The linear, outer petals are 15-16 by 1.5-2 millimeter with rounded tips.
The outer surfaces of the outer petals have gold-colored, silky hairs.
The inner petals are shorter and narrower and covered in downy, white hairs except on the base of the inner surface.
The flowers have short stamens that are 0.6-0.7 millimeters long with lobed anthers that have 2, or sometimes 3, chambers.
The flowers have up to 7 carpels with silky ovaries that are 1 millimeter long.
The flowers have thread-like stigma that are 4 millimeters long with styles that are bent at their base.
Reproductive biology.
The pollen of "Xylopia calophylla" is shed as permanent tetrads.
Distribution and habitat.
Damien Moore (born 26 April 1980) is a British Conservative Party politician.
He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Southport and a former Councillor on Preston City Council.
He was elected in the 2017 general election with a majority of 2,914 votes, taking a seat previously held by Liberal Democrat John Pugh until his retirement.
He served as Assistant Government Whip from September to October 2022.
Early life and education.
Moore was born in Workington in Cumbria.
He studied history at the University of Central Lancashire.
After graduating, he worked in various roles in the retail sector, gaining promotion to be a retail manager for Asda.
He was first elected as a councillor for the Conservative Party on Preston City Council on 3 May 2010 for the Greyfriars Ward.
Although the vote share for the Conservatives fell, he won by a large majority.
He was re-elected with an increased majority on 5 May 2016.
He has served as deputy leader of the Conservative group on the Council and as Chairman of the Preston Conservative Association.
He unsuccessfully stood as the Conservative candidate in the Preston West division in the Lancashire County Council elections in 2013 and 2017.
Member of Parliament.
Moore stood unsuccessfully as the Conservative candidate for Southport in the 2015 general election, losing to the incumbent Liberal Democrat John Pugh.
The election also left him as the only Conservative MP in Merseyside.
In advance of the 2018 Preston City Council election, Moore resigned as a city councillor to focus on his parliamentary work.
Moore has voted for cutting ties with the EU consistently since becoming an MP.
On 11 September 2017, Damien Moore was appointed to the Petitions Committee.
The committee assists members of the public in raising issues directly.
In January 2018 he was also appointed the Science and Technology Committee.
In Parliament Moore chaired a number of All-Party Parliamentary Groups, including those on Tunisia, Blockchain, and the Benelux countries.
He was re-elected in the 2019 General Election with an increased majority.
Prior to his re-election, Moore was placed 611 of 650 MPs in the 2019 People-Power Index, a health check of how Parliament is working and how our MPs are listening to and engaging with, their constituents.
Following Labour's motion calling to extend free school meals for the poorest children on 21 October 2020, Moore abstained and protestors sent a message of dissatisfaction by leaving paper plates with messages written on them outside Moore's office in Post Office Avenue, Southport.
In October 2020, A group of Conservative MPs in northern England launched a new campaign group, The Northern Research Group.
The aim of the group said was to pressure the government to stick to their post-election pledge of "levelling up" the north by spending money and increasing infrastructure projects in the area.
Moore signed up to this group.
Personal life.
Moore lives in Southport.
Haughley Castle was a medieval castle situated in the village of Haughley, some north-west of the town of Stowmarket, Suffolk.
Prominent historians such as J.
Wall consider it "the most perfect earthwork of this type in the county," whilst R. Allen Brown has described it as "one of the most important" castle sites in East Anglia.
Details.
Haughley Castle was built in the late 11th century by Hugh de Montfort.
The castle had a motte and bailey design, with a very large motte, wide at the base and tall.
D. J. Cathcart King in his summary of mottes in England and Wales questioned this measurement, and suggested that the motte was probably closer to in height.
The bailey is rectangular, by across, with the entrance on the west side.
Both the motte and the bailey were protected by a deep ditch, fed from a diverted stream from the west to produce a wet moat.
Earlier investigations suggested that a stone shell keep had been built on the motte, but the foundations of this, if correct, can no longer be seen.
A further bailey may have originally surrounded the surviving earthworks, enclosing the local church as well.
The dimensions and scale of the castle has led J.
Wall to describe Haughley as "the most perfect earthwork of this type in the county," whilst historian R. Allen Brown considers it "one of the most important" castle sites in East Anglia.
The castle formed the "caput", or main castle, at the centre of the Honour of Haughley.
The honour was sometimes known as the "honour of the constable", because the owner was obligated to provide castle-guard soldiers and knights to the constable of Dover Castle.
Hugh de Montfort became a monk in 1088 and the castle passed through his family until the mid-11th century.
Towards the end of King Stephen's reign the castle was given by the king to Henry of Essex, one of his supporters.
By the late 12th century the Bigod family had come to dominate Suffolk, who held the title of the Earl of Norfolk and who were in competition with the Crown for control of the region.
Henry II had taken the throne after the death of Stephen and Henry d'Essex lost favour after being accused and convicted of cowardice during the 1157 Welsh campaign - Haughley Castle was seized by Henry II in 1163, and by the mid-1170s, the castle was controlled on his behalf by Ralph de Broc and a garrison of 30 soldiers.
Conflict broke out again in 1173, during the revolt of Henry's sons and the Bigod's ally Robert de Beaumont, the Earl of Leicester, landed on the East Anglian coast and marched west, placing the castle under siege.
Ralph surrendered the castle, which was then smoked out by Robert's forces, although the revolt subsequently failed.
The castle was fully rebuilt after its destruction in 1173 and a Manor House was built within the Inner Bailey and the Outer Bailey gradually filled.
The remaining parts of the keep tower still standing were removed by Richard Ray in 1760.
The circular foundations of over eight feet in thickness are visible today.
A major excavation in 2011 cleared the site and revealed extensive foundations and many remnants of intricately carved and dressed stone. 2023 will see the 850th anniversary of the Siege of Haughley Castle and along with other villages Haughley will be marking the event by holding a Fair, Talks, Book Launch and Battle Reenactment before the lighting of a Beacon.
Marions bank is an islet in Palmerston Island in the Cook Islands.
It is on the north side of the atoll, between Tara i tokerau and Motu Ngangie.
This is a list of reptiles of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
Painted Turtle.
Painted turtles can be found in rivers and lakes along the northern edge of the park.
Bullsnake.
The bullsnake ("Pituophis catenifer sayi") is a large non-venomous colubrid snake, widespread in the central part of the United States, northern Mexico, and southern Canada.
It is a subspecies of the gopher snake ("Pituophis catenifer").
The epithet "sayi" is in honor of zoologist Thomas Say.
It is found at lower elevations, drier, warmer climates, and open areas such as near Mammoth Hot Springs.
The bullsnake lives in burrows and eats small rodents.
Prairie rattlesnake.
The prairie rattlesnake "(Crotalus viridis viridis)" is a venomous pitviper species native to the western United States, southwestern Canada, and northern Mexico.
In Yellowstone, this is the only dangerously venomous snake in the park.
It lives in the lower Yellowstone River areas of the park, including Reese Creek, Stephens Creek, and Rattlesnake Butte, where the habitat is drier and warmer than elsewhere in the park.
Its behavior is usually defensive rather than aggressive.
There have been only two rattlesnake bites reported during the history of the park.
Rubber boa.
The rubber boa ("Charina bottae") is a snake in the family Boidae and genus "Charina".
The Boidae consists of the nonvenomous snakes commonly called boas and consists of 43 species.
The genus "Charina" consists of four species, three of which are found in North America, and one species found in Africa.
In Yellowstone this snake is infrequently encountered in due to its nocturnal and burrowing habits.
It eats rodents and may spend a great deal of time partially buried under leaves and soil, and in rodent burrows.
It is usually found in rocky areas near streams or rivers, with shrubs or trees nearby.
The most recent occurrences in the park have been in the Bechler region and Gibbon Meadows.
Sagebrush lizard.
The sagebrush lizard ("Sceloporus graciosus graciosus") is a common lizard found in mid to high latitudes in the Western United States of America.
It belongs to the genus "Sceloporus" (spiny lizards) in the Phrynosomatidae family of reptiles.
Named after the sagebrush plants near which it is commonly found, the sagebrush lizard has keeled and spiny scales running along its dorsal surface.
In Yellowstone, this is the only lizard found in the park.
It is usually found below 6,000 feet elevation, but in Yellowstone it can live up to 8,300 feet.
Populations living in thermally influenced areas are possibly isolated from others.
It is most common along the lower portions of the Yellowstone River near Gardiner, Montana and upstream to the mouth of Bear Creek.
It also occurs in Norris Geyser Basin, Shoshone and Heart Lake geyser basins, and other hydrothermal areas.
Valley garter snake.
The valley garter snake "(Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi)" is a subspecies of the common garter snake.
It is a snake indigenous to North America.
Most garter snakes have a pattern of yellow stripes on a brown background and their average length is about to .
The common garter snake is a diurnal snake.
In Yellowstone, it was once thought to be common, but is now in decline for no apparent reason.
In Yellowstone, it is only observed in the Fall River drainage in the Bechler region.
Wandering garter snake.
The wandering garter snake "(Thamnophis elegans vagrans)" is a subspecies of the western terrestrial garter snake, a species of colubrid snake residing only in Southwestern Canada, and Western United States.
Seven subspecies are currently recognized.
Most snakes have a yellow, light orange, or white dorsal stripe, accompanied by two stripes on its side of the same color.
Some varieties have red or black spots between the dorsal stripe and the side stripes.
This snake often inhabits coniferous forests, and is relatively aquatic.
In Yellowstone, this is the most common reptile in the park.
It is usually found near water in all areas of the park.
The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (c 8) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that created the Financial Services Authority (FSA) as a regulator for insurance, investment business and banking, and the Financial Ombudsman Service to resolve disputes as a free alternative to the courts.
The Act was considerably amended by the Financial Services Act 2012 and the Bank of England and Financial Services Act 2016.
The 27th TCA Awards were presented by the Television Critics Association.
Nick Offerman hosted the ceremony on August 6 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel.
Winners and nominees.
Saragachhi is a railway station of the Sealdah-Lalgola line in the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways.
The station is situated beside National Highway 34 at Sargachi village in Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
It serves Sargachi and surroundings village areas.
Total 12 trains including Lalogola Passengers and few EMUs stop in this station.
Electrification.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein in April 1886.
Electors.
Electors were selected through elections that were held between 6 and 10 April.
Each municipality had two electors for every 100 inhabitants.
Results.
The election of Oberland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 19 April in Vaduz.
Of Oberland's 114 electors, 112 were present.
Oberland elected six Landtag members and four substitutes.
One Landtag seat for Oberland was left vacant as there were candidates from Oberland who did not accept their election as Landtag members.
The election of Unterland's Landtag members and substitutes was held on 20 April in Mauren.
Of Unterland's 68 electors, 67 were present.
Unterland elected five Landtag members and two substitutes.
Xaver Bargetze and Wendelin Erni did not accept their elections as Oberland's Landtag members.
Meinrad Ospelt was substituted in to become one of Oberland's Landtag members.
Biography.
She is said to have learned martial arts as a child, and was reputedly a strong woman.
Today, she is celebrated as a Vietnamese hero.
Stamford is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Flinders, Queensland, Australia.
In the , the locality of Stamford had a population of 43 people.
Geography.
The town is on the Kennedy Developmental Road that links Hughenden and Winton, north west of the state capital, Brisbane and west of the regional centre of Townsville.
It is situated in the north-east of the locality.
Chinbi is a neighbourhood () within the locality to the south-west of the town of Stamford based around the former Chinbi railway station.
Whitewood is a neighbourhood () within the locality south-west of Chinbi based around the former Whitewood railway station.
The land use is grazing on native vegetation.
History.
The Hughenden-Winton railway line (a branch line of the Great Northern railway line) opened to Stamford in 1897, closing officially in 2008 and dismantled in 2012.
It followed the same route as the Kennedy Developmental Road.
The neighbourhood of Chinbi takes its name from the Chinbi railway station, which in turn was named on 18 February 1915 by the Queensland Railways Department.
It is an Aboriginal word meaning "star".
Stamford State School opened on 23 January 1984.
It closed on 29 July 2013.
The school was located at 5 Marathon Stamford Road ().
On 9 June 2003 in the Queen's Birthday Honours List, Mrs Jean Eva Anderson of Ballater Station of Stamford was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for her "service to the community of Hughenden, particularly through the Country Womens Association".
She had given 52 years of service to the Hughenden branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association.
Her award was presented to her by the then Governor of Queensland, Quentin Bryce.
At the , Stamford and the surrounding area had a population of 75.
In 2012, the town of Stamford consisted of a roadhouse and has a permanent population of 3.
In the , the locality of Stamford had a population of 43 people.
Prior to 19 November 2021, the town of Marathon was within the locality of Stamford.
However, this arrangement caused confusion, so on 19 November 2021, a new locality of Marathon was created around the town, excising the land from the localities of Dutton River and Stamford.
Economy.
There are no schools in Stamford.
The nearest primary schools are Hughenden State School in neighbouring Hughenden to the north-east and Cameron Downs State School in neighbouring Tangorin to the east.
The nearest secondary school is Hughenden State School which provides schooling to Year 12.
However, given the size of the locality, the distances involved may necessitate using alternatives such as distance education and boarding schools.
Events.
It forms a almost enclosed bay next to the town of Inverloch, for which it provides a popular and protected beach.
At low tide its intertidal mudflats provide important feeding habitat for migratory waders.
It is also an important area for recreational fishing.
It is named after Samuel Anderson pioneer explorer the first European to settle in the area.
Tourism.
Anderson Inlet's popularity is hinged on the almost-enclosed bay, making it a protected beach with safe swimming.
At low tide the surf beach can be accessed on foot around the western headland.
Anderson Inlet is also a popular recreational boating area with a boat ramp jetty.
Because of its tidal nature, the areas where vessels can operate is restricted for the safety of the tourists as the depth of the water varies.
Knowledge of the inlet is a must to cross the bar and the operators of vessels are required to carry tide tables while going out in the water.
Anderson Inlet is also a base for many walking and cycling trails including the Screw Creek Nature Trail and the Bass Coast Rail Trail which is Victoria's only coastal rail trail.
The inlet is close to national parks including the Anderson Inlet Coastal Reserve and the Bunurong Marine and Coastal Park.
Birds.
Anderson Inlet is classified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area.
It supports internationally significant numbers (up to over 6,000 individuals) of red-necked stint.
The men's freestyle 86 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2021 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Oslo, Norway on 2 and 3 October.
This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals.
The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals.
Kim Aas Christensen (born 15 June 1970) is a Danish politician and member of the Folketing, the national legislature.
A Social Democrat, he has represented Funen since November 2022.
He had previously been a substitute member of the Folketing for Tanja Larsson between October 2021 and January 2022.
Aas was born on 15 June 1970 in Faaborg.
He has a Bachelor of Arts degree in theology from Aarhus University (1999).
He studied teaching at Skaarup Seminarium (2001-2005).
He was a teacher (2005-2017), school co-ordinator (2017-2018) and a crime prevention consultant for Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality (2018-2022).
125 and Census Division No.
5.
History.
Glenavon incorporated as a village on April 13, 1910.
Demographics.
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Glenavon had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of .
With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Glenavon recorded a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of .
With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
History.
Murder of Anna Juswiak.
On May 6, Juswiak's body was discovered in the backyard of a Glenavon home, "her head battered by a blunt instrument."
Subsequently, Royal Canadian Mounted Police interviewed a man registered as "Leo Beaudry" from Portage La Prairie at a hotel in Kipling, identifying him as 25-year old John Woltucky, an ex-military and ex-convict using an alias, who had been released from penitentiary in Prince Albert on April 17, 1950.
Woltucky was previously serving out a three-year sentence for illegal possession of a firearm, five charges of housebreaking, and theft of a parka.
Police were initially "convinced that Woltucky did not answer to the description of the man they were looking for," but, with additional information from authorities in Glenavon, picked up Woltucky at the train station minutes before he was to board an outbound train.
Among his personal effects, police discovered a bank book belonging to Ms. Juswiak.
Two women from Kipling, Saskatchewan, Mrs. Lars Pearson and Mrs. Alf Johnston, identified Woltucky as having disembarked the train in Glenavon accompanying Juswiak.
The trial of John Woltucky proved sensational for the small town of Glenavon, where, "nothing like it had ever happened before in the peaceful community."
In multiple newspapers, the murder of Anna Juswiak was initially reported as a shooting.
During the trial, Glenavon's population of roughly 250 was "augmented by some 200 non-residents."
According to Regina Leader-Post reporter Robert Tyre, "the murder itself was overshadowed by the antics of the villagers who deserted home, business, and family en masse to prowl and poke about the scene of the crime like an army of Scotland Yard detectives gravely and earnestly searching for clues."
Woltucky was convicted and found guilty twice, both times sentenced to the death penalty.
John A. Oates House is a historic home originally located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina.
It is a two-story, five-bay frame Classical Revival style frame dwelling.
It features a two-story pedimented portico supported by four fluted columns.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
She has been an endurance rider since the late 1990s and competed at the international level since 2003.
Released on April 21, 2017, under Mascom Records, it was announced with the release of its lead single "Kese, etikete" on March 10, 2017. and pursued a solo career.
"Daljine" received positive reviews from music critics.
On 29 April, the album was promoted with a live show at the Bitef theater in Belgrade.
Critical reception.
However, according to him, "Daljine" was more lyrics-focused than her previous work with the band.
Moreover, the critic highlighted the social commentary in the songs "Kese, etikete" and "E70".
European Parliament elections were held in Greece on 18 June 1989 to elect the 24 Greek members of the European Parliament.
Members were elected by party-list proportional representation.
Results.
The 1994 European election was the third election to the European Parliament in which Greece participated.
The European Parliament Election took place a few days before the national parliamentary elections and presaged the results of that election.
The ruling PASOK under the leadership of Andreas Papandreou suffered strong losses against the opposition conservative New Democracy party and a coalition of the left and communist parties running as the Coalition of the Left and Progress.
Chouteauoceras is an openly coiled, gyroconic, nautiloid cephalopod from the Mississippian of North America belonging to the Nautilid family Trigonoceratidae, and superfamily Trigonocerataceae.
The whorl section of "Chouteauoceras" is ovate, higher than it is wide.
The surface is covered with numerous longitudinal ridges and fine growth lines.
The suture has broad rounded lateral lobes and dorsal and ventral saddles.
Amy Myers (born 1965, Austin, TX) is an American artist.
She is best known for her large-scale charcoal and pastel drawings, which depict complicated worlds reminiscent of scientific patterns.
Her father was a physicist, a fact often noted as an influence on the aesthetics and structure of her work.
Early Life.
She has noted that as a child quantum mechanics and string theory were common dicussions around their dinner table.
Myers received a BFA from the Kansas City Art Institute in 1995, and an MFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1999.
Career.
Myers has had solo exhibitions at Valerie McKenzie Fine Art in New York, Taley Dunn Gallery in Texas, Sweeney Art Gallery in Riverside, California, Atlanta Contemporary Arts Center in Georgia, Mike Weiss Gallery in New York, Mary Boone Gallery in New York, Danese Gallery in New York, Rhona Hoffman Gallery in Chicago, and Suzanne Vielmetter Projects in Los Angeles, among other venues.
Myers has received awards from the Pollock-Krasner Foundation, the American Academy in Rome, Mana Contemporary, and the Marie Walsh Sharpe Foundation.
Myers' work has been discussed in numerous publications including Hyperallergic, the New York Times, BOMB Magazine, Art in America, ArtCritical, and Artnews.
Collections.
He studied philosophy and theology at the seminar of Issy and studied law in Toulouse.
In 1879 the two men excavated a Gallo-Roman cemetery at Garin.
8-Track Flashback (also titled VH1's 8-Track Flashback) is a TV series hosted by David Cassidy, Leif Garrett, and Suzanne Somers.
This rhyming title refers to the fact that it is a "flashback" to the popularity of 8-tracks in the 1970s.
Gauff Hill is an unincorporated community in extreme eastern Salisbury Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania.
It is part of the Lehigh Valley, which has a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
Gauff Hill is located at the head of a valley between arms of South Mountain to the north and south and is separated from the Lehigh River by the former.
The East Branch Trout Creek starts just east of the village and flows west to join the South Branch in Allentown to become the Trout Creek, a tributary of the Lehigh River.
Gauff Hill is located at the junction of the two roads connecting the south sides of Allentown and Bethlehem, Emaus Avenue and Susquehanna Street.
These two roads form a triangle intersection with Seidersville Road and join to become Broadway, which continues via Fountain Hill to Bethlehem.
The lines dividing the addresses and telephone exchanges between Allentown and Bethlehem both split the village, which uses area code 610.
A church organist by profession, she was also co-publisher of "Fenceberry", an early internet newsletter of LGBT information.
Early life.
Aleta Jean Ballard was born in Princeton, Illinois, the daughter of M. Stanley Ballard and Letha Sidebottom Ballard.
Her father was a Methodist clergyman and a World War II veteran.
She graduated from Riceville High School in 1964.
She studied music at Morningside College, and earned an MFA in organ performance from the University of Minnesota.
In 1998 she earned an associate's degree in computer programming from Western Iowa Tech Community College.
Career.
Fenceroy worked at the Iowa Department of Corrections, and was an application developer at First Data Resources in Omaha, Nebraska.
She was also a church organist for 30 years in Iowa City, Iowa.
She sang with, and was accompanist for, the River City Mixed Chorus in Omaha.
She was also musical director of shows at the Lamb Productions Dinner Theatre in Sioux City, and composed music for children's shows at Lamb Productions' Hot Dog Theater.
In 1990s, Fenceroy and her partner, Jean Mayberry, were described as "the most visible homosexual people in Sioux City".
Fenceroy served on the Sioux City School District's educational equity committee.
She and Mayberry started a newsletter of LGBT information.
It was originally a printed newsletter, assembled and distributed locally from their home in Iowa City, but in 1993, they started a daily email-based version, called "Fenceberry" based on their surnames.
From 1993 to 2004, their subscriber base grew to more than a thousand readers.
"It didn't start out as service for other people," Mayberry explained.
"We wanted the information ourselves."
In 1999 they were named as "an indispensable part of gay politics" in "The Advocate"'s "Our Best and Brightest Activists" feature.
They were never paid for the project, and decided to retire the service in 2004, to turn their attention to other projects, including the John Kerry presidential campaign.
Personal life.
She and the children lived in Norway for four years in the 1970s.
She and Mayberry were among the 2000 couples unofficially married by Troy Perry at a mass ceremony on the steps of the Internal Revenue Service Building during the March on Washington in 1993.
Ogston Hall is a privately owned 18th-century country house situated at Brackenfield, near Alfreton, Derbyshire.
A building on the site is listed in the Domesday Book as part of the Deincourt manor of Morton.
The Revell family of South Normanton held Ogston in the 14th century by marriage to the Deincourt heiress.
The house has its origins about 1500 but was much altered in the 17th century by the Revells.
A two-storey north west wing with attics and basement was added in 1659 and a connected stable block was added in 1695.
The earliest member of the family of whom anything is known was Thomas Revell of Ogston, sergeant-at-law, who made a fortune from lead smelting.
His will of 1474 survives.
Subsequent history.
In 1706 William Revell died, leaving the estate to his sisters, one of whom married Richard Turbutt.
Turbutt bought out his sister-in-law's interest.
In 1768 his son William Turbutt further altered and extended the house by adding a five-bay south east wing to a design by architect Joseph Pickford.
Further work was done for Thomas Turbutt by TC Hine in 1851, including a five-storey castellated tower.
In the late 18th century, the park was landscaped and the farms were re-arranged.
Recent history.
Part of the estate was flooded in 1957 for the creation of the Ogston Reservoir.
Several of the Turbutts served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire.
The most recent Turbutt to reside at the Hall was Gladwyn Turbutt, the historian and writer.
He was High Sheriff in 1998.
The property was Listed in January 1967.
The summary provides some specifics about the modifications over the centuries, including the "refashioning of 1851 to 1864 by T C Hine" and mentions an addition made in 1910.
After World War II, the building was rented to various groups for use as schools and religious worship.
In 1973 it was sold to Frank Wakefield, who completed some repairs.
A 2017 report indicates that the Hall is the seat of David and Caroline Wakefield and cites the work done by architect Thomas Chambers Hine, who modified the house during 1851-64.
Sacred Heart Senior High School (SAHESS) is a second cycle institution located in Nsoatre in the Sunyani West Municipal District in the Bono Region of Ghana.
In 2022, the school emerged winners of the maiden insurance quiz competition hosted by the National Insurance Commission in the Bono Region.
History.
The school was established in 1977.
He was credited for the discovery of the feeding center in the hypothalamus in 1951.
He is considered the founder of modern Neurophysiology in India.
He was born in Lahore as Bal Krishan Anand in 1917.
He was graduated from King George Medical College in 1940 and obtained his M.D. degree in 1948.
He joined in 1949 the Lady Hardinge Medical College as Professor of Physiology.
He went to Yale University as a Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1950 and worked with John Brobeck.
They had published their research work in 1951.
He joined the All India Institute of Medical Sciences as its first professor in the Department of Physiology in 1956.
He was instrumental in establishing the guidelines of education for M.B., B.S. and Postgraduate students.
He became Dean of that Institute.
Ungeria is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae.
It just contains one species, Ungeria floribunda It is also in the Helicteroideae subfamily and Helictereae tribe.
Its native range is Norfolk Island (in the Pacific Ocean near Australia).
It is found in Mount Pitt Nature Reserve (part of Norfolk Island National Park).
Description.
It is a tree that can grow up to tall.
It has leaves which are broadly elliptic or obovate and evergreen.
The leaf blades are about long and wide.
It has deep pink flowers.
The flowers each have five deep pink petals long and it thought to be pollinated by birds.
The fruits are 5 lobed and star-shaped in cross-section.
Moths of "Austrocarea iocephala" subspecies "millsi" can be found on the tree.
It is related (dna wise) to the Durian.
Taxonomy.
It has the common name of 'Bastard Oak', (due to the inferior quality of the timber,) was listed as Vulnerable in 2003 on Norfolk Island. 502 plants were counted in 2003.
The Latin specific epithet of "floribunda" means "many-flowering", (such as Floribunda).
Both the genus and sole species were first described and published in Meletemata Botanica (Melet.
Bot.) on page 27 in 1832.
The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they do not list any known species.
Culture.
Shane Beros (born 22 October 1973, in Perth, Western Australia) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Swan Districts in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) from 1998 to 2008.
He was the winner of the 2003 Sandover Medal.
Career.
Beros was recruited from West Coast Cowan in the Western Australian Amateur Football League (WAAFL).
He made his debut for Swan Districts in 1998, playing 18 games and kicking 11 goals.
He played consistently for Swans at WAFL level, and had a break-out season in 2003, winning both the Swan Medal as Swan Districts' best and fairest and the Sandover Medal for the best player in the competition, at the age of 29.
He was named captain of Swan Districts in 2004, a position which he held until 2007, and was again amongst the best players in the competition, finishing runner-up in the Sandover Medal.
Karl Johan Rasmussen (born 10 October 1973) is a Norwegian long-distance runner who specialized in marathon races.
He has represented SK Vidar, Bislett FIK and Haugesund IL.
He finished eighth at the 2002 European Championships in Munich, having been in silver medal position until the last three kilometres of the race.
He later competed at the 2003 World Championships, 2003 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and 2006 European Championships without much success.
He never participated in the Summer Olympics.
Christmas Caper is an ABC Family Original Movie.
It aired on November 25, 2007 on ABC Family as part of their 25 Days of Christmas.
The film stars Shannen Doherty, Ty Olsson, Sonya Salomaa and Stefanie von Pfetten.
Plot.
A Grinch-like thief retreats to her hometown in Connecticut after a con goes bad and gets stuck baby-sitting her niece and nephew until their parents can make it home for Christmas.
She spends most of her time devising ways to even the score with Clive, her partner in crime, until the spirit of the holidays can help put her priorities back on track.
DVD.
"Christmas Caper" was released on DVD on October 28, 2008.
Filming locations.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Delaney began studying the violin as a child in Hanover, Pennsylvania, with Walter Shultz.
His musical education continued at the Combs College of Music, where he studied with Henry Schradieck and William Geiger.
He was a 1904 graduate of Dartmouth College where he lettered in both basketball and football.
After coaching he practiced law in Ohio.
Early life.
Foster was born on March 10, 1880, in Keene, New Hampshire.
He graduated from Cushing Academy in 1899, where he had played on several athletic teams.
He spent the next year doing college preparatory work at Cushing and was a member of the graduate basketball team, which was named All-New England champion after winning in a tournament of 35 top teams.
Playing career.
Foster lettered in football in 1902 and 1903 for Dartmouth.
Many of the Eastern writers named him to their All-American team for his success his last year at fullback.
Foster was also a three-year letter winner for Dartmouth in basketball, lettering in 1901, 1902 and 1903.
Coaching career.
Foster started his coaching career while still at Dartmouth, when he took a job as head basketball coach at the Bradford Academy.
He held this position for two seasons.
Cincinnati.
Foster was head coach at the University of Cincinnati in both football and basketball.
He coached the Cincinnati football team for two seasons 1904 and 1905.
This team scored 182 points during the season and only gave up 10.
Their seven wins included shutout victories over Kentucky, Tennessee, and traditional rival Miami.
Foster was also the head coach of the basketball squad at Cincinnati from 1904 to 1909.
Even though Foster left Cincinnati to coach football at other schools, he still coached the Bearcats basketball team.
Nebraska.
Foster replaced Walter C. Booth as head coach of the Nebraska football team for the 1906 season.
Miami.
Foster was head football coach at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, for the 1907 and 1908 seasons.
Susan Lea Clifford Narvaiz is an American politician.
A Republican, she is the former mayor of San Marcos, Texas.
She is the chief executive officer of Core Strategies, Inc. and a self-employed consultant.
Early life and career.
Narvaiz, a native of Dayton, Ohio, was raised in San Antonio, Texas.
She moved to San Marcos in 1995 to open a branch office for a national staffing company.
Narvaiz is a former chair of the Capital Area Council of Governments, as well as a chairperson for both the Capital Area Council of Government Executive Committee and the Hays-Caldwell Public Utility Agency.
She also served on the board of directors for Economic Development San Marcos and the San Marcos Education Foundation and she is a member of the TTC-I35 (my35) Advisory Committee, National League of Cities Finance Administration and Intergovernmental Relations Policy Steering Committee, and the Texas Municipal League.
She served as Place 3 on the San Marcos City Council from 2002 until 2004.
City politics.
Narvaiz was elected to San Marcos City Council Place 3 in June 2002.
She was then elected as mayor of San Marcos in 2004 and was re-elected, unopposed, in 2006.
National politics.
After departing office as Mayor of San Marcos in 2010, Narvaiz chose to run for United States Congress in the newly created 35th Congressional District.
Texas's 35th congressional district was one of several controversial Texas districts drawn after the United States census in 2010.
Because of its abnormal shape, caused by gerrymandering, the district was named as one of the "10 Most Contorted Congressional Districts."
In the Republican primary election, held on May 29, 2012, Narvaiz faced off against Rob Roark and John Yoggerst.
Narvaiz faced Democratic incumbent Lloyd Doggett in the general election on November 6, 2012.
The 2nd Army () was a field army of the German Army during World War II.
History.
1939-1941.
The 2nd Army headquarters was briefly established in Berlin from Group Command 1 on 26 August 1939 and at the beginning of the Invasion of Poland it was renamed Army Group North on 2 September.
The 2nd Army was reestablished on 20 October 1939, with "Generaloberst" Maximilian von Weichs in command, by renaming the 8th Army, which had been moved from Poland to the west.
After the beginning of the Battle of France the army was assigned to Army Group A in June 1940, when it fought across the Aisne and around Reims.
In April 1941, the army was involved in the invasion of the Balkans, capturing Belgrade in a rapid offensive.
1941-1945.
From 1941 until the end of the war the army was deployed in the Eastern Front, starting with the Operation Barbarossa as part of Army Group Centre.
In 1942 the 2nd Army covered the northern wing of Case Blue operating in the surroundings of Voronezh under Army Group B.
With Hans von Salmuth as the commander, it suffered a major defeat during the Voronezh-Kastornensk operation, the Soviet winter offensive that followed the battle of Stalingrad.
"General der Panzertruppe" Dietrich von Saucken became commander of the army on 10 March 1945.
Times of Suriname is a national newspaper in Suriname.
The paper is published daily (except on Sundays) in a broadsheet format with a reported circulation of 35,000-40,000.
The paper was founded in December 2003 by (at the time) rich business man and politician Rudi Dilip Sardjoe and claims to be a quality news paper and the largest and most-read paper of the country.
Content.
The "Times of Suriname" is one of the main newspapers of the country, and publishes news articles primarily in Dutch, while also publishing some articles in English (in 2005 it experimented with some articles in Portuguese).
The paper contains news on Suriname, the Dutch Caribbean and the Netherlands.
Eupithecia assimilis is a moth in the family Geometridae.
The device is manufactured of tempered sheet iron, wrought in several pieces and joined by metal joinery and silver soldering.
The name is derived from the candlesticks resemblance to an antique device used to scrape bristles from hog hide after slaughter.
Some hogscraper candlesticks were manufactured with decorative brass or iron bands at the midsection of the shaft and are commonly referred to as "wedding band" hogscrapers.
Often the devices are "signed" on the thumb ejector tab by the manufacturer.
Historical trade directories have identified most of these manufacturers and the dates of their business existence.
While most manufacturers have been identified to Birmingham there is evidence of manufacturing in Sheffield, England.
The Security Commission, sometimes known as the Standing Security Commission, was a UK non-departmental public body or quango established in 1964 to investigate breaches of security in the public sector.
It was abolished in 2010, on the basis that government would investigate breaches of security as and when they occurred.
Origins.
The idea of the Security Commission, initially canvassed by the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, was first publicly suggested by his successor Sir Alec Douglas-Home in a Parliamentary debate about the Denning Report into the Profumo affair on 16 December 1963.
Douglas-Home envisaged that the commission would consist of retired civil servants and would be chaired by someone from the judiciary.
It was to investigate matters referred to it by the Prime Minister of the day and issue its reports back to the Prime Minister, with the Leader of the Opposition consulted before any inquiry and after the report was completed.
Douglas-Home met with the Leader of the Opposition Harold Wilson (who had given a cautious welcome to the proposal) on 22 January to agree the details.
Formation.
Reports.
The Security Commission issued fifteen reports during its existence.
Dividing the Light, colloquially the Pomona College skyspace, is a 2007 skyspace art installation by James Turrell at Pomona College, his alma mater.
It consists of a courtyard with a fountain nestled between two academic buildings with an illuminated canopy framing the sky above.
Background.
James Turrell graduated from Pomona College in 1965.
Starting in the 1970s, he created a series of skyspaces that framed the sky.
He was approached by the college when it was designing the Lincoln Hall and Edmunds Hall academic buildings and asked to create an installation for the Draper Courtyard located between them.
Description.
Red granite benches line a partially-enclosed courtyard with a shallow black granite infinity pool.
A thin brightly-colored steel canopy covers the installation, with a nearly cutout or aperture, that contains an LED lighting array.
At night, the hidden LED lights illuminate the canopy.
Every hour between sunset and sunrise, they "chime", rotating through a series of colors over three minutes, and longer light shows take place daily at sunrise and sunset.
The shows slightly vary with each day to match changing conditions over the course of a year.
Short trees and other landscaping surround the exterior.
Construction.
The work is Turrell's first public installation in Southern California.
It cost to complete.
It was constructed in consultation with Marmol Radziner, AIA, and Amazing Steel.
It underwent maintenance work in 2018.
Reception.
The installation received critical praise.
A "Los Angeles Times" review called it "one of the best works of public art in recent memory", lauding "Turrell's capacity to pull experiences of sensual refinement out of the heavens".
Other critics noted its easy accessibility.
It is associated with the Light and Space movement that originated in Southern California in the 1960s, and of which Turrell is a prominent member.
The college uses the skyspace courtyard as an event venue.
Can't Blame a Girl for Trying is the debut extended play by American singer Sabrina Carpenter.
It was released by Hollywood Records on April 8, 2014.
On music provider iTunes, it was later replaced by her 2015 studio album which included all four tracks.
The EP was produced by Brian Malouf, Jim McGorman, Robb Vallier, Matt Squire, Steve Tippeconic, Scott Harris, John Gordon and Julie Frost.
Musically, the album has a folk sound with pop.
Its production consists on guitars, piano, drums and keyboards.
In general, the album talks about love and teenage problems.
"Can't Blame a Girl for Trying" produced two singles, "Can't Blame a Girl for Trying", released on March 14, 2014 and "The Middle of Starting Over", released on August 19, 2014.
Background and recording.
Carpenter became heavily involved with the Disney Channel in 2013, making various appearances on soundtracks like "Smile" for the album """ and "All You Need", featured on the "Sofia the First" soundtrack.
In that same year, Sabrina signed a record deal with Hollywood Records to release her own music.
Sabrina was planning to launch an EP and then release a studio album, she released an EP with four tracks and then she released a complete version of the EP plus eight new tracks in the next year.
Sabrina start recording songs for the EP in 2013 when she was filming for "Girl Meets World" until 2014.
She worked with various such as Brian Malouf, Jim McGorman, and Matt Squire.
She recorded "White Flag" at SOMD Studio in Los Angeles, California with Larry Goetz making the engineering and Matt Squire making the audio mixing.
"Best Thing I Got" was recorded at Gordon Studio DK and was mixed by John Gordon and Sune Haansbaek.
The two singles of the EP, "Can't Blame a Girl for Trying" and "The Middle of Starting Over" were both engineered by Chris Thompson and mixed by Malouf at Cookie Jar Recording in Sherman Oaks, California.
Music and lyrics.
The final cut of "Can't Blame a Girl for Trying" contains four tracks.
The album is a teen pop record full of acoustic and country vibes and it was compared to Taylor Swift's early albums.
In all of the songs Sabrina talks about teenage love and issues.
None of the songs were written by Sabrina.
The second song and single, "The Middle of Starting Over" has country and teen pop influences.
The song talks about moving on, start all over again and forget the mistakes.
"The Middle of Starting Over" was compared to Taylor Swift's work in her early albums.
A folk-pop guitar-driven ballad, "White Flag" talks about changes in our daily life and that none of the bad things we do will last forever.
The last track of the EP, "Best Thing I Got" is a piano pop song with drums and guitar.
Lyrically, the song talks about love and "being a non-perfect girl who wants life to be full of freedom and learning ur own way of how to deal with problems".
Singles.
"Can't Blame a Girl for Trying" is the lead single from the EP.
It was released on March 14, 2014, onto iTunes and was premiered a day before exclusively on Radio Disney.
The music video premiered on March 28.
The song won a Radio Disney Music Award in the category "Best Crush Song."
The second single, "The Middle of Starting Over" was released on Radio Disney in July and it was available on August 19, 2014.
The music video premiered on September 21.
Credits and personnel.
Charles Goodson-Wickes, DL (born 7 November 1945) is a company director, business consultant and consulting physician.
From 1987 to 1997 he was the British Conservative Member of Parliament for Wimbledon.
He served in The Life Guards in the British Army, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel, and served in the First Gulf War.
He was the principal for two occupational health practices, advising Barclays Bank, Rio Tinto and other multi-national companies from 1980 to 1994.
He was a consulting physician for BUPA from 1976 to 1986.
He was the founder chairman of the Countryside Alliance.
He is the great-grandson of Sir Frank Fox, OBE (1874-1960).
Education.
Goodson-Wickes was educated at Charterhouse, St Bartholomew's Hospital and Inner Temple.
He is qualified both as a physician (1970) and as a barrister (called to the Bar in 1972).
Political career.
A lifelong member of the Conservative Party, Goodson-Wickes was elected to the House of Commons in 1987 representing Wimbledon, having previously unsuccessfully contested Islington Central in 1979.
While an MP he served as Parliamentary Private Secretary in the Departments of the Treasury, Environment and Transport.
Goodson-Wickes lost his Wimbledon seat to Labour in the 1997 landslide win.
He was an adviser on Public Appointments, V-C of Defence Ctte, and an Industry and Parliament Trust fellow.
Military career.
In 1977 he was appointed as Silver Stick medical officer, Household Cavalry.
He remained a member of Regular Army Reserve of Officers (RARO) until 2000.
He re-enlisted in 1991 as a lieutenant colonel to serve in the First Gulf War with HQ 7th Armoured Brigade, seeing action in the advance from Saudi Arabia through Iraq to the liberation of Kuwait.
He was the first sitting member of the House of Commons to see active service in the armed forces since World War II.
Business career.
He is currently the chief executive of consultancy company Medarc Ltd and the chairman of the board of directors Thomas Greg and Sons Ltd, security printers operating in North and South America, India, China and the Philippines.
Charity and public service.
He was chairman of the Rural Trust from 1999, until absorbed into the Prince's Countryside Fund in 2014.
He is vice president of the Great Bustard Group (since 2008) which is re-introducing the great bustard to Great Britain.
He is vice president (since 1990) of the Ex-Servicemen's Mental Welfare Society, better known as Combat Stress.
He is a Freeman of the City of London (2014) and has been a Deputy Lieutenant for Greater London since 1999.
Charford is a small village located close to the town centre of Bromsgrove in Worcestershire, England.
History.
Charford used to be farm land with a mill, Charford Mill (known as The Lint Mill) provided employment by the manufacture of sanitary towels and wound dressings but was derelict for many years until it was demolished to make way for South Bromsgrove High School which retained the old mill pond at the front of the complex.
This, however, has since been filled in due to the demolition and redevelopment of the school on an adjacent field though the sluice gate can still be seen to the side of the Sugarbrook that runs along the front of the school off Charford Road.
The original housing estates of Charford were built for workers of the Garringtons Drop forging plant in nearby Aston Fields that provided forgings for the automotive and aerospace industries.
Transport.
Bus services in Charford are provided by First Midland Red, Diamond West Midlands, Clearway and MRD Travel.
There are routes to Bromsgrove, Droitwich, Worcester, Birmingham and Redditch.
Tamaseu Leni Warren is the former Controller and Chief Auditor of Samoa.
This is a list of the gymnasts who represented their country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens from 13 to 29 August 2004.
Contents.
This book contains info on two new races.
The book also contains new prestige classes, feats, and spells.
Publication history.
"Races of the Dragon" was written by Gwendolyn F.M.
Kestrel, Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, and Kolja Raven Liquette, and was published in January 2006.
Cover art was by Steve Prescott, with interior art by Steven Belledin, Ed Cox, Daarken, Wayne England, Emily Fiegenschuh, Carl Frank, Dan Frazier, Brian Hagan, Ralph Horsley, Chris Malidore, Jim Nelson, and Eric Polak.
There's plenty of material in the game system to serve as inspiration.
Of course, we wanted to go beyond what we had done before.
Pseudobiceros hancockanus is a species of hermaphroditic marine flatworm in the family Pseudocerotidae.
It is also known as "Hancock's Flatworm."
Description.
According to the "Baensch Marine Atlas," ""P. hancockanus" is intense blue to black with white and orange peripheral bands and a purple fringe.
The two short cephalic antennaie are easily overlooked because they are the same color as the body.
Inferiorly, this species is purple with a medial line."
"P. hancockanus" is very similar in appearance to "P. uniarborensis", although the margin of "P. uniarborensis" is translucent gray with a white line only on the outside, while the margin of "P. hancockanus" is pure bright white.
Habitat and distribution.
"Pseudobiceros hancockanus" lives in warm seas, sometimes on coral reefs, other times among coral fragments or stones.
It has been observed near such places as Indonesia, Fiji, and Kenya.
Diet.
It is thought to feed on small invertebrates that live in sponges in coral reefs rathen then eating the coral itself.
Behavior.
"Pseudobiceros hancockanus" can travel long distances, swimming by undulating the edges of its body.
Reproduction.
Like other members of the genus "Pseudobiceros", "P. hancockanus" is hermaphroditic with each individual able to function as either a male or female.
Mating between two such worms involves penis fencing, as each worm tries to inject sperm into the other with one of its two stubby penises, while trying to avoid being inseminated itself.
Lisa A. Torraco (born April 30, 1962) is an American attorney and politician who served as a Republican member of the New Mexico Senate from January 15, 2013 to January 15, 2017.
Education.
Lisa Torraco earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from the University of New Mexico in 1988 and a Juris Doctor from the University of New Mexico School of Law in 1991.
Career.
She began her legal career as a prosecutor at the Second Judicial District Attorney's office and gained respect as a young prosecutor, and was awarded New Prosecutor of the Year in 1993.
Torraco founded Torraco law in 2006 after finishing ten years teaching at the University of New Mexico School of Law in the District Attorney Clinical law program.
Helonias bullata (swamp pink) is a rare perennial rhizomatous herb native to the eastern United States, in the genus Helonias together with Helonias orientalis (Thunb.)
N.Tanaka.
The root system is extensive in comparison to the apparent size of the plant on the surface.
Blooming in March to May, its fragrant flowers are pink and occur in a cluster at the end a vertical spike which may reach up to 3' in height.
It has evergreen, lance-shaped, and parallel-veined leaves ranging from dark green to light yellow green in color that form a basal rosette.
Swamp pink is a federally threatened species that was historically distributed from Staten Island, New York to the southern Appalachians.
There is also some unverified indication that a population of swamp pink has survived on Staten Island.
Populations of swamp pink are on occasion subject to poaching by plant enthusiasts and others who prize the early bright pink blooms.
Unfortunately, the poached plants likely do not survive their move owing to the high sensitivity to being removed from the water saturated environment, underestimation of the size of the root mass, and failure to replicate the necessary environment sufficiently.
The program has been further expanded by a joint volunteer effort with Citizens United to Protect the Maurice River and Its Tributaries, Inc.
The survey results are shared with U.S.F.W.S. and the New Jersey Natural Heritage database.
Habitats.
Swamp pink occurs in wetland habitats and it requires habitat which is saturated, but not flooded, with water.
Ideally the plant prefers an environment where the water table sits at about the level of the top of its root system, but not covering the basal rosette.
It is often found near conifer trees.
Variation in genetic diversity.
Low genetic diversity.
Many extant populations suffer low genetic diversity.
This could be explained as a result of high self-fertilization rate due to harsh environmental conditions that affect successful cross-fertilization, such as limited seed dispersal range and browsing from predators.
Mechanisms of seed dispersal.
"Helonias" seeds have a lipid structure that allows seed dispersal through water. swamp and wetland) of "Helonias", and it accounts for the long-distance seed dispersal.
It is also known that ants actively engage in "Helonias" seed dispersal.
Limitations in seed dispersal.
Although ants can help facilitate the dispersal process, the soil in such watery environment is saturated and makes it difficult for ants to co-habitate with "Helonias", lowering the rate of short-distance seed dispersal.
The low rate of seed dispersal is also due to limited wind.
The seeds are light enough to be dispersed by wind, but low levels of wind prevent the seeds from dispersing further away, resulting in a clustered population of "Helonias".
Risks of self-fertilization.
Low dispersal increases the risk of self-fertilization.
In an evolutionary perspective, this is highly disadvantageous when there is a sudden change in the environment.
Since genetic diversity is low, if a predominant trait among the population is selected against, the whole population faces the risk of being wiped out.
In the long run, seeds that lure more animals will be favored by selection as opposed to seeds that are lighter, because the seeds dispersed by the animals will be spread over a larger range compared to that of lighter seeds, resulting in a lower risk of self-fertilization.
Illegal poaching.
The brilliant pink color of the "Helonias" flowers attracts poachers.
Helonias is a perennial and endures the winter, making it more visible to the poachers.
Self-concealment is a psychological construct defined as "a predisposition to actively conceal from others personal information that one perceives as distressing or negative".
Its opposite is self-disclosure.
Self-concealment significantly contributes to negative psychological health.
Historical context.
Secrets and secret keeping have been a longstanding interest of psychologists and psychotherapists.
Jourard's work on self-disclosure and Pennebaker's research on the health benefits of disclosing traumatic events and secrets set the stage for the conceptualization and measurement of self-concealment.
Jourard's research pointed to the conclusion that stress and illness result not only from low self-disclosure, but more so from the intentional avoidance of being known by another person.
In a later line of research, Pennebaker and his colleagues examined the confiding-illness relation or the inhibition-disease link and found that not expressing thoughts and feelings about traumatic events is associated with long-term health effects.
Pennebaker attributed the unwillingness to disclose distressing personal information to either circumstances or individual differences.
The self-concealment construct, and the scale for its measurement, the Self-Concealment Scale, were introduced to permit assessment and conceptualization of individual differences on this personality dimension.
Psychological effects.
Self-concealment uniquely and significantly contributes to the prediction of anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms.
Subsequent research has examined the effects of self-concealment on subjective well-being and coping, finding that high self-concealment is associated with psychological distress and self-reported physical symptoms, anxiety and depression, shyness, negative self-esteem, loneliness, rumination, trait social anxiety, social anxiety, and self-silencing, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, maladaptive mood regulation, and acute and chronic pain.
Individuals with increased inferiority feelings have a higher tendency toward self-concealment, which in turn results in an increase in loneliness and a decrease in happiness.
Research.
Research studies have focused on the relation of self-concealment to attachment orientations, help seeking and attitudes toward counseling, desire for greater (physical) interpersonal distance, stigma, distress disclosure, lying behavior and authenticity, and psychotherapy process.
A recent review of 137 studies using the Self-Concealment Scale presented a working model for the antecedents of self-concealment and the mechanisms of action for its health effects.
The authors conceptualize self-concealment as a "complex trait-like motivational construct where high levels of SC motivation energize a range of goal-directed behaviors (e.g., keeping secrets, behavioral avoidance, lying) and dysfunctional strategies for the regulation of emotions (e.g., expressive suppression) which serve to conceal negative or distressing personal information."
Self-Concealment Scale.
The 10-item Self-Concealment Scale (SCS) measures the degree to which a person tends to conceal personal information perceived as negative or distressing.
The SCS has proven to have excellent psychometric properties (internal consistency and test-retest reliability) and unidimensionality.
In marginalized populations.
Minority groups employ self-concealment to manage perceived stigma.
For example, LGBT people (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans) people, who are stigmatized (see coming out) for the characteristics inherent to their sexual identities or gender identity, employ self-concealment as a result.
Self-concealment is observed in African, Asian and Latin American international college students.
For African Americans in particular their self-concealment correlates with the degree of their Afrocentric cultural values.
Appleton East High School is a comprehensive secondary school located in Appleton, Wisconsin.
Part of the Appleton Area School District, the school is one of three public four-year high schools in the city.
It is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and by the Wisconsin Department of Public Education.
The school calendar consists of two 18-week semesters.
The school is in the Fox Valley Association sports conference.
Architecture.
East High School is constructed around a three-story circular "silo".
Charters At East.
Tesla Engineering Charter School.
Extracurricular activities.
Athletics.
Boys' basketball.
In 2010, the team defeated De Pere High School, and went to the state tournament for the first time since 1996.
Cross country and track and field.
Appleton East won a state championship in boys cross country in 1972.
Appleton East cross country and track and field coach Joe Perez was inducted into the Wisconsin Cross Country Coaches Hall of Fame in 1998.
Debate.
Appleton East is also the only team ever in WDCA history to have teams in all 3 divisions of debate in elimination rounds at the state tournament.
DECA.
The Appleton East DECA Chapter is responsible for beginning the Big Apple Classic in November 2009.
The Classic is an annual two-day basketball charity event held over Thanksgiving break.
FIRST Robotics.
Appleton East is home to NEW Apple Corps Robotics (FIRST Robotics Competition Team 93), which is composed of students from Appleton East, Appleton North and Appleton West High Schools.
Any student from an Appleton Area School District high school, charter school, or home school is eligible to join.
Forensics.
Appleton East Forensics team won state titles from 1992 through 1997, and in 1999.
It won the Wisconsin state championship in the Wisconsin Forensics Coaches Association Tournament of 2005 and 2013, and the co-championship with James Madison Memorial High School in 2006.
KMUE (88.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Variety format.
Licensed to Eureka, California, United States, it serves the Eureka area.
The station is owned by Redwood Community Radio, Inc. KMUE is a repeater for KMUD.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly who served in the 31st parliament held their seats from 1935 to 1938.
They were elected at the 1935 state election, and at by-elections.
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular).
This most commonly occurs within the spleen, but also can occur in the reticuloendothelial system or mechanically (prosthetic valve damage).
It has numerous possible consequences, ranging from general symptoms to life-threatening systemic effects.
The general classification of hemolytic anemia is either intrinsic or extrinsic.
Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia.
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to other forms of anemia (fatigue and shortness of breath), but in addition, the breakdown of red cells leads to jaundice and increases the risk of particular long-term complications, such as gallstones and pulmonary hypertension.
Signs and symptoms.
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to the general signs of anemia.
In small children, failure to thrive may occur in any form of anemia.
In addition, symptoms related to hemolysis may be present such as chills, jaundice, dark urine, and an enlarged spleen.
Certain aspects of the medical history can suggest a cause for hemolysis, such as drugs, medication side effects, autoimmune disorders, blood transfusion reactions, the presence of prosthetic heart valve, or other medical illness.
Chronic hemolysis leads to an increased excretion of bilirubin into the biliary tract, which in turn may lead to gallstones.
Pulmonary hypertension eventually causes right ventricular heart failure, the symptoms of which are peripheral edema (fluid accumulation in the skin of the legs) and ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity).
Causes.
They may be classified according to the means of hemolysis, being either intrinsic in cases where the cause is related to the red blood cell (RBC) itself, or extrinsic in cases where factors external to the RBC dominate.
Intrinsic effects may include problems with RBC proteins or oxidative stress handling, whereas external factors include immune attack and microvascular angiopathies (RBCs are mechanically damaged in circulation).
Intrinsic causes.
Acquired hemolytic anemia may be caused by immune-mediated causes, drugs, and other miscellaneous causes.
Mechanism.
Intravascular hemolysis.
Intravascular hemolysis describes hemolysis that happens mainly inside the vasculature.
As a result, the contents of the red blood cell are released into the general circulation, leading to hemoglobinemia and increasing the risk of ensuing hyperbilirubinemia.
Intravascular hemolysis may occur when red blood cells are targeted by autoantibodies, leading to complement fixation, or by damage by parasites such as Babesia.
Extravascular hemolysis.
Extravascular hemolysis refers to hemolysis taking place in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.
In this case little hemoglobin escapes into blood plasma.
The macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system in these organs engulf and destroy structurally-defective red blood cells, or those with antibodies attached, and release unconjugated bilirubin into the blood plasma circulation.
Typically, the spleen destroys mildly abnormal red blood cells or those coated with IgG-type antibodies, while severely abnormal red blood cells or those coated with IgM-type antibodies are destroyed in the circulation or in the liver.
If extravascular hemolysis is extensive, hemosiderin can be deposited in the spleen, bone marrow, kidney, liver, and other organs, resulting in hemosiderosis.
The spleen (part of the reticulo-endothelial system) is the main organ that removes old and damaged RBCs from the circulation.
In healthy individuals, the breakdown and removal of RBCs from the circulation is matched by the production of new RBCs in the bone marrow.
Bilirubin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin, can accumulate in the blood, causing jaundice.
In general, hemolytic anemia occurs as a modification of the RBC life cycle.
That is, instead of being collected at the end of its useful life and disposed of normally, the RBC disintegrates in a manner allowing free iron-containing molecules to reach the blood.
With their complete lack of mitochondria, RBCs rely on pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) for the materials needed to reduce oxidative damage.
Any limitations of PPP can result in more susceptibility to oxidative damage and a short or abnormal lifecycle.
If the cell is unable to signal to the reticuloendothelial phagocytes by externalizing phosphatidylserine, it is likely to lyse through uncontrolled means.
The distinguishing feature of intravascular hemolysis is the release of RBC contents into the blood stream.
The metabolism and elimination of these products, largely iron-containing compounds capable of doing damage through Fenton reactions, is an important part of the condition.
Several reference texts exist on the elimination pathways, for example.
Alternatively, hemoglobin may oxidize and release the heme group that is able to bind to either albumin or hemopexin.
The heme is ultimately converted to bilirubin and removed in stool and urine.
Hemoglobin may be cleared directly by the kidneys resulting in fast clearance of free hemoglobin but causing the continued loss of hemosiderin loaded renal tubular cells for many days.
Additional effects of free hemoglobin seem to be due to specific reactions with NO.
Diagnosis.
The diagnosis of hemolytic anemia can be suspected on the basis of a constellation of symptoms and is largely based on the presence of anemia, an increased proportion of immature red cells (reticulocytes) and a decrease in the level of haptoglobin, a protein that binds free hemoglobin.
Examination of a peripheral blood smear and some other laboratory studies can contribute to the diagnosis.
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia include those that can occur in all anemias as well as the specific consequences of hemolysis.
All anemias can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, decreased ability to exercise when severe.
Symptoms specifically related to hemolysis include jaundice and dark colored urine due to the presence of hemoglobin (hemoglobinuria).
When restricted to the morning hemoglobinuria may suggest paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
An increased number of newly made red blood cells (reticulocytes) may also be a sign of bone marrow compensation for anemia.
Other animals.
Hemolytic anemia affects nonhuman species as well as humans.
It has been found, in a number of animal species, to result from specific triggers.
The disease is also found in wild rhinos.
Dogs and cats differ slightly from humans in some details of their RBC composition and have altered susceptibility to damage, notably, increased susceptibility to oxidative damage from consumption of onion.
Elmhurst, also known as the William H. Tarr House or William and Carol Lynn Residence, is a historic country home located at Wellsburg, Brooke County, West Virginia.
It was built in 1848, and is a two-story, five bay, rectangular brick dwelling with a hipped roof in the Greek Revival style.
It sits on a stone ashlar foundation and features a single bay portico with a hipped roof supported by Tuscan order columns.
Also on the property is a contributing small barn.
In artificial intelligence, artificial immune systems (AIS) are a class of computationally intelligent, rule-based machine learning systems inspired by the principles and processes of the vertebrate immune system.
The algorithms are typically modeled after the immune system's characteristics of learning and memory for use in problem-solving.
Definition.
The field of artificial immune systems (AIS) is concerned with abstracting the structure and function of the immune system to computational systems, and investigating the application of these systems towards solving computational problems from mathematics, engineering, and information technology.
AIS is a sub-field of biologically inspired computing, and natural computation, with interests in machine learning and belonging to the broader field of artificial intelligence.
AIS is distinct from computational immunology and theoretical biology that are concerned with simulating immunology using computational and mathematical models towards better understanding the immune system, although such models initiated the field of AIS and continue to provide a fertile ground for inspiration.
Finally, the field of AIS is not concerned with the investigation of the immune system as a substrate for computation, unlike other fields such as DNA computing.
History.
AIS emerged in the mid-1980s with articles authored by Farmer, Packard and Perelson (1986) and Bersini and Varela (1990) on immune networks.
However, it was only in the mid-1990s that AIS became a field in its own right.
Forrest "et al." (on negative selection) and Kephart "et al." published their first papers on AIS in 1994, and Dasgupta conducted extensive studies on Negative Selection Algorithms.
The first book on Artificial Immune Systems was edited by Dasgupta in 1999.
Currently, new ideas along AIS lines, such as danger theory and algorithms inspired by the innate immune system, are also being explored.
Although some believe that these new ideas do not yet offer any truly 'new' abstract, over and above existing AIS algorithms.
This, however, is hotly debated, and the debate provides one of the main driving forces for AIS development at the moment.
Other recent developments involve the exploration of degeneracy in AIS models, which is motivated by its hypothesized role in open ended learning and evolution.
Originally AIS set out to find efficient abstractions of processes found in the immune system but, more recently, it is becoming interested in modelling the biological processes and in applying immune algorithms to bioinformatics problems.
In 2008, Dasgupta and Nino published a textbook on immunological computation which presents a compendium of up-to-date work related to immunity-based techniques and describes a wide variety of applications.
Techniques.
Natural apophyseal glides (NAGS) refers to a spinal physical therapy treatment technique developed by Brian Mulligan.
Technique.
NAGS involves a mid to end-range facet joint mobilisation applied anterocranially along the plane of treatment within the desired joint, combined with a small amount of manual traction.
The purpose of this treatment is to increase movement within the spine, and decrease symptomatic pain.
Sustained natural apophyseal glides.
Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) are a separate technique involving a combination of a sustained facet glide with active motion, which is then followed by overpressure.
Clinical evidence.
A 2010 study concluded that whilst both NAGS and SNAGS showed signs of effectiveness, SNAGS demonstrated greater statistically significant efficacy over NAGS in reducing pain and disability in subjects with chronic neck pain.
Another study suggested that Mulligan's mobilisation (i.e.
NAGS and SNAGS), Maitland's mobilisation and the McKenzie approach were all effective in relieving pain and improving range of motion in cases of chronic cervical spondylosis with unilateral radiculopathy.
A 2008 randomised controlled trial by Reid et al. suggested a statistically significant correlation between SNAGS treatment and reduced dizziness, cervical pain and disability caused by cervical dysfunction, whilst another randomised controlled trial in 2007 by Hall et al. suggested that a self-sustained C1-C2 SNAG technique was effective in managing cervicogenic headache.
The Aleph Institute is an American non-profit organization affiliated with the Chabad-Lubavitch movement that provides support services to the approximately 85,000 Jews in the U.S. prison system and Jewish members of the U.S. military located in the United States and deployed abroad.
Prison programs.
Aleph's prison programs focus on assisting Jewish inmates during their prison stay as well as helping them reintegrate into society once released.
Aleph helps them observe the Jewish holidays and assist them with their daily Jewish practices, books, food items and materials holidays and daily Jewish practices.
Aleph also has a summer visitation program which sends Rabbinical students around the US visiting over 3,000 Jewish inmates.
Advocacy.
The institute has intervened on behalf of Jewish prisoners, in the United States and abroad.
For example, the institute connected Jacob Ostreicher, a Jewish businessman arrested in Bolivia in 2011 for purportedly money laundering, with actor Sean Penn.
Penn made a direct appeal to Bolivian President Evo Morales on Ostreicher's behalf.
Ostreicher was released in 2013 and credited the Aleph Institute with helping to secure his release.
In 2010, Aleph Institute joined 200 Jewish organizations petitioning then Governor Charlie Christ for a stay of execution on behalf of Martin Grossman who was convicted of the 1984 killing of a law enforcement officer.
Pope Benedict XVI also sent a personal request to commute the sentence but the execution proceeded and Grossman was killed in 2010.
Military programs.
Aleph assists with the spiritual needs of Jews serving in the U.S. Armed Forces by providing Jewish books as well as moral and spiritual support.
The Cave of the Ramban is located in the southern cliff of the Upper Kidron Valley, on a slope descending into the Arab neighborhood of Wadi al-Joz, Jerusalem.
It is believed by some to be the traditional burial place of Nahmanides (also known as Ramban), a foremost rabbinical scholar during the medieval era.
Burial chamber.
The large rock-hewn cave, measuring 19 by 20 m, reaches a height of 3.5 meters and is supported by two columns.
The area once functioned as an ancient underground stone quarry.
Significance.
The cave is believed by some Jews to be the site where Ramban prayed in the 13th-century and the place of his interment.
It is thus claimed to have been a holy site for Jews for many centuries.
Other traditions hold that Ramban was buried in Silwan, in Hebron or in Acre.
Recent history.
In 2000, the cave became a subject of controversy between a group of Jewish inhabitants in Wadi al-Joz and the Muslim owner of the site, who had fenced off the cave in protest to Jewish settlement in the area.
The Muslim "wakf" subsequently petitioned the High Court of Justice which resulted in a temporary injunction freezing the site's designation.
In 2003, a government committee was appointed to examine the issue.
While acknowledging the site's connection to the Jewish faith, it was decided that the court could rule on the matter.
This however was thwarted when the holy status was reinstated by a government minister.
The District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water) provides drinking water, sewage collection and sewage treatment for the District of Columbia, in the United States.
The utility also provides wholesale wastewater treatment services to several adjoining municipalities in Maryland and Virginia, and maintains more than 9,000 public fire hydrants in the District of Columbia.
DC Water was created in 1996 when the District Government and the U.S. federal government established it as an independent authority of the District government.
Service area.
DC Water provides more than 600,000 residents, 16.6 million annual visitors, and 700,000 people employed in the District of Columbia with water, sewage collection, and treatment.
The agency also provides wholesale wastewater treatment for 1.6 million people in Montgomery and Prince George's counties in Maryland, and Fairfax and Loudoun counties in Virginia.
History.
Drinking water.
In 1852, Congress commissioned the construction of an aqueduct system to provide a reliable supply of drinking water to the city from the Potomac River.
The US Army Corps of Engineers designed and built the Washington Aqueduct, which began full operation in 1864.
Filtration plants were added to the system in the 20th century.
Wastewater treatment.
In 1938, the District of Columbia built a sewage treatment plant in the Blue Plains area, at the southernmost tip of DC.
The plant was built to stop raw sewage from entering the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers.
At that time, the plant was built to treat sewage from a population of 650,000, with a capacity of 100 million gallons per day (mgd).
By 1943, the population grew to 1.5 million people, contributing much more sewage, and upgrades to the plant were necessary.
Secondary treatment units were added in 1959, with an expanded discharge capacity of 240 mgd.
In the 1970s a major expansion commenced that led to construction of advanced wastewater treatment components, and by 1983 the capacity was 300 mgd.
In addition to Washington, the plant serves several adjacent communities in Maryland and Virginia.
Agency reorganization and name change.
Drinking water and sewage treatment services were initially provided by the District of Columbia government.
DC Water was established as an independent agency in 1996 by the District Government and the U.S. federal government.
In 2010, under new leadership, the Authority underwent a rebranding effort.
The rebranding included a new logo, a new color palette, and a new name.
Since its inception, the Authority had been doing business as DC Water.
The legal name of the agency remains the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority.
Governance.
An eleven-member Board of Directors governs DC Water.
Six Board Members represent the District.
Prince George's County and Montgomery County each have two Board Members.
Fairfax County has a single Board Member.
Each participating jurisdiction is a signatory to the "Blue Plains Intermunicipal Agreement," which spells out the roles and responsibilities for each party and addresses facilities management, capacity allocation, and financing.
The Authority develops its own budget, which is then included in the overall District of Columbia budget.
Together these two budgets are presented annually to Congress for approval.
When DC Water was created as an independent authority in 1996, its finances were separate from those of the District of Columbia.
The independence of DC Water with regard to finance, procurement and personnel matters was affirmed by Congress under the "District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority Independence Preservation Act" of 2008.
Operations.
A President and CEO is responsible for all daily operations and reports to the DC Water Board of Directors.
DC Water purchases drinking water from the Washington Aqueduct division of the Army Corps of Engineers.
The Aqueduct sources the water from the Potomac River at Great Falls and Little Falls, north of the District.
The Aqueduct treats the water, and DC Water distributes it through of water pipes throughout the District of Columbia.
DC Water also manages over of sewer lines and operates the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant.
The plant discharges to the Potomac River at the southernmost tip of the District.
Awards.
The National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA) honored DC Water with its Research and Technology Award, given annually to member agencies who contribute to the field of biosolids usage and disposal or wastewater treatment.
The research project must be completed in-house (or by a contractor working directly with the agency).
It must relate to the collection process, treatment process, or reuse of wastewater.
This innovation by the DC Water team has a global impact in protecting aquatic life in waterways that receive wastewater discharges.
The year 2010 marks the second consecutive year that DC Water has been recognized with this award.
In 2010, DC Water received from NACWA the Platinum Peak Performance Award after receiving five consecutive Gold Awards for 100 percent compliance with permit limits.
This award is presented to member agencies for exceptional compliance for their National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit limits.
Funding.
Rates paid by ratepayers cover the cost of delivery of water and sewer service.
A little more than half of the rates cover operations.
Another quarter covers the cost of capital projects like replacement of aging water and sewer lines, valve replacements, and pump station improvements.
Capital projects also include several projects designed to protect the environment and are required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Though the mandate comes from the federal government, the funding sources for these construction projects are not identified.
While a small amount of funding has come through the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act and other grants, the majority of these capital costs are borne by the ratepayers.
Environmental stewardship.
At Blue Plains, wastewater treatment goes beyond primary and secondary treatment levels to tertiary (or advanced) treatment.
The effluent that leaves Blue Plains and is discharged to the Potomac is highly treated and meets some of the most stringent NPDES permit limits in the United States.
Historically, wastewater treatment plants have contributed nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen to the waterways in which they discharge.
These nutrients have been found to deplete oxygen in the marine environment, a process that is detrimental to fish and other aquatic life.
Since the mid-1980s, Blue Plains has reduced phosphorus to the limit of technology, primarily in support of water quality goals of the Potomac River, but also for the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay.
The "Chesapeake Bay Agreement," reached in 1987, was a first step in reducing nitrogen discharge to waterways that are tributary to the Chesapeake Bay.
Under the agreement, the Bay states and the District committed to voluntarily reduce nitrogen loads by 40 percent from their 1985 levels.
Blue Plains was the first plant to achieve that goal.
Furthermore, every year since the full-scale implementation of the Biological Nitrogen Removal (BNR) process was completed in 2000, Blue Plains has every year successfully achieved and exceeded that goal of a 40 percent reduction.
In Fiscal Year 2009, the BNR process at Blue Plains reduced the nitrogen load by more than 58 percent.
DC Water and EPA agreed upon new nitrogen limits as part of the NPDES permit effective September 2010, reducing nitrogen levels to 4.7 million pounds per year.
DC Water plans to achieve these levels by constructing new facilities at Blue Plains to perform enhanced nitrogen removal (ENR).
In FY 09, the Authority rehabilitated pumping equipment and accessories in one of two stations that pump incoming wastewater into the plant and replaced aged infrastructure and equipment in the plant's final filters with a more effective system.
All the upgrade projects were tied into the plant-wide process control system (PCS), which monitors and controls the plant's processes from a central location.
It will also increase energy efficiency.
On the waterways, the Authority operates two skimmer boats that remove floatable debris from the Anacostia and Potomac rivers every Monday through Friday.
These crews remove more than 400 tons of trash from our waterways each year.
Plastic bottles, plastic bags, inflatable toys, baseballs, and environmental debris like tree limbs, are all skimmed from the waterways and deposited into oversized dumpsters for removal.
In decades past, there used to be more oversized items, such as sofas and refrigerators.
However, over the years, the skimmer boats have removed most of those.
Still, there is the occasional unlikely item, such as the live deer that was recently rescued to dry ground.
In addition to their full-time work assignments, these crews clean the way for special events like the Nation's Triathlon and high school crew competitions, as well as for conservation efforts.
As a result of the work DC Water contributes, "The District, as a city, is head and shoulders above any other municipality in the Bay watershed," said Tom Schueler of the nonprofit Chesapeake Stormwater Network.
In 2009, The Stormwater Network developed a stormwater performance grading scale.
DC Water Clean Rivers Project.
The District of Columbia is one of 772 older cities in the country with a combined sewer system.
The system covers about a third of the city and was built in the late 19th century to carry sanitary sewage and stormwater in the same pipe.
The system operates well in dry weather.
However, during rainstorms, the flow can exceed the capacity of the pipe.
To prevent sewer backups and flooded streets, these combined sewers may discharge into the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers and Rock Creek, a phenomenon known as combined sewer overflows (CSOs).
This investment included inflatable dams to catch and store overflows during rainstorms, tide gates to keep river water from flowing into the sewer system, sewer separation to eliminate CSO outfalls, and pumping station construction and rehabilitation to increase flow capacity.
In 2013 the agency began construction of a deep tunnel system for its "Clean Rivers Project."
Once operational, the tunnel system will store the combined sewage during wet weather and release it gradually for treatment at Blue Plains.
Controversy.
The discovery was made by Marc Edwards, a civil engineering professor specializing in plumbing who DC Water had hired to investigate complaints of plumbing corrosion.
DC Water threatened to cut off Edwards's funding unless he abandoned his investigation.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a report dismissing the idea of health risks from the water.
The story was picked up by "The Washington Post", which ran front-page stories about the problem in January 2004.
This led to a Congressional investigation, which found that the CDC had made "scientifically indefensible" claims about the lack of health effects from the lead in DC's water supply.
The problem was traced to the Washington Aqueduct decision to replace the chlorine used to treat the water with monochloramine, a similar chemical.
Chloramine picks up lead from pipes and solder, keeping it dissolved in the water throughout the system.
The Aqueduct subsequently started adding orthophosphate, a corrosion inhibitor, to the water, which reduced the extent of lead leaching from the pipes.
It was A1's last single to feature Paul Marazzi as a member of the band.
The music video was the last to be released before their 2002 split.
The video features both A1 and Angeli in a mansion in France, performing the song together.
It was revealed over ten years later on the program The Big Reunion that the release of the song precipitated Marazzi's departure from the band as co-vocalist Eve Angeli requested to sing the opening of song, effectively removing his original vocals from the track.
Music video.
The music video was the last to be released before their 2002 split.
Christopher Lynn "Kit" Bakke (born December 23, 1946) is an American activist.
In the 1960s, she fought for women's rights and civil rights in addition to protesting the Vietnam War.
In college, she helped to establish a new chapter of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).
Later, she became a member of the Weathermen, also called the Weather Underground, a militant leftist group.
Early life.
Christopher Lynn Bakke, otherwise known as "Kit" Bakke, was born in 1946.
She grew up in a rural area near Seattle, Washington, with liberal parents and two younger brothers in a household that valued success in school above all else.
Her father, Jack Bakke, was a physician with a passion for human biology, anatomy and the practice of medicine.
Her mother, an active member of the League of Women Voters, championed various causes including voter education and keeping water supplies clean.
All of her grandparents were college graduates.
Students for a Democratic Society.
After graduating from high school, Bakke went on to Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.
While there, she helped to establish a new Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) chapter at her college.
As a member of SDS, she was involved with issues including civil rights, women's liberation, and anti-war demonstrations.
Bakke and Kathy Boudin, along with other members of the SDS participated in various protests, including a 24-day protest against the Vietnam War, during which she refused to eat or drink.
Bakke also helped end the dress requirement that women were required to wear skirts in class, and helped to unionize the "live in maids".
In her last undergraduate year, she shifted her focus to issues in the inner city rather than problems within the college.
In the summer of 1969 at the SDS Convention in Chicago, SDS came apart.
Bakke became part of a group that broke away from the SDS which was labeled the "Action Faction" or the "Weatherman".
They believed that in order for a revolution to occur, they had to take militant action to provoke it.
Bakke graduated in 1968, with an undergraduate degree in political science.
She then got a job as a journalist for a Seattle suburban newspaper with the intent of gaining a better understanding by getting an inside view of the "nominating conventions".
When reporting on demonstrations, she took pictures, interviewed participants, and wrote articles.
Cuba.
Bakke went to Havana, Cuba, for eight days in July 1969 to meet with the members of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and Provisional Revolutionary Government to discuss the opposition movements going on in the United States.
While accounts of the number of SDS participants vary, according to the FBI summary, 13 people, including Bernardine Dohrn, a key figure in the Weatherman, went on the trip to Cuba.
Only a few months after returning from Cuba, in October 1969, she participated in the Chicago riot termed the "Days of Rage" and was arrested.
Bakke was also jailed in Cook County for three days after "some particularly aggressive street fighting".
Life underground.
Bakke lived in political collectives in Oakland, Cleveland, New Mexico and the Westside of Chicago.
While in Chicago, Bakke helped to print the Weatherman's publication, the New Left Notes.
She says that in the communes she lived with "no more than ten or eleven..." of her fellow Weathermen.
While she was in the Weather Underground the FBI amassed a file of over 400 pages on Kit Bakke, and classified her as a "'Priority I Security Index Subject.'"
In the early 1970s, Kit was pregnant with her first child, Maya, while she participated in an anti Vietnam War demonstration which got out of hand.
While fleeing from the police and trying to avoid the tear gas, police batons, and barrels of firearms, Kit decided to leave the Weather Underground.
Personal life.
She moved to Seattle with her young daughter, Maya, to be close to family.
She married in 1982.
For thirteen years, Kit worked as an oncology nurse at Children's Regional Hospital in Seattle.
Today, Bakke is involved with charities that tackle local issues, such as drug abuse and homelessness.
Bakke remained underground for two years, and in that time cut off all contact with her parents.
She has expressed guilt about the effect of her actions on her parents, but according to Flanigan, "Bakke says she doesn't have any regrets.
I believe in putting yourself out there for the things you care about.
If you don't do that, you're going to live a diminished life.'"
In another interview, Bakke describes the Students for a Democratic Society as being arrogant bullies.
Kit Bakke has raised two daughters and currently lives in Seattle with her husband.
He was born at Granville, Manche in Normandy.
In 1811, Emmanuel de Pastoret published the last eleven volumes.
After the close of the Seven Years' War he was sent to search in the archives of Great Britain for documents bearing upon the history of France, more particularly upon that of the French provinces which once belonged to England.
A useful selection of these documents was published (unfortunately without adequate critical treatment) by Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, under the title "Letters of Kings, Queens and Other Persons of the Courts of France and England, from Louis VII to Henry IV" () (collection of "Unpublished Documents Relating to the History of France" (), 2 vols., 1839, 1847).
Charged with the supervision of a large collection of documents bearing on French history, analogous to Rymer's , he published the first volume ("Diplomas, Charters, Letters, and Other Documents Relating to French Affairs, etc.
Chinook is a cross between 'Bing' and 'Gil Peck' and was introduced in 1960 by Harold Fogle.
'Chinook' is similar to Bing but is sweeter and ripens 4 to 10 days sooner.
'Chinook' is a cross-pollinizer with 'Bing' and 'Van'.
'Chinook' was introduced as a black-fruited pollinizer for 'Bing' that could be shipped fresh.
Masasi is one of the six districts of the Mtwara Region of Tanzania.
It is bordered to the north by the Lindi Region, to the east by the Newala District, to the south by the Ruvuma River and Mozambique and to the west by Nanyumbu District.
According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of Masasi District was 247,993 and in Masasi town the population was 102,696.
Council.
Masasi District Council is among seven councils comprising Mtwara Region.
The district shares a border with Nachingwea and Ruangwa Districts to the North, Lindi and Newala Districts to the east, Ruvuma River to the south and Nanyumbu district to the West.
The council's headquarters is situated 210 kilometers west of Mtwara Municipality which is the regional headquarters.
The Masasi district council is also surrounding a new Masasi town council which started its operations in July 2012.
The council has five administrative divisions, 23 wards and 159 villages and 864 hamlets.
Administratively Masasi is divided into two constituencies, Masasi and Lulindi.
The council has a total of 46 councilors.
According to the National Population Census 2002, the district had a total population of 307,211 with an annual growth rate of 2.1 percent before the split of the councils.
The men's 100 m rescue medley in lifesaving at the 2001 World Games took place on 24 August 2001 at the Akita Prefectural Pool in Akita, Japan.
Competition format.
A total of 25 athletes entered the competition.
Early life.
Brighton was born in London, England on 29 December 1900, the son of George Preston Brighton, a gardener and his wife.
He was educated at St Leonard's School, Streatham and later Westminster City School in London.
He won a scholarship to attend Christ College, Cambridge in 1919.
He was in the first class in part 1 of the Natural Sciences Tripos in 1921, and took a second class degree in geology in 1921.
He shared the Wiltshire Prize.
Career.
Following graduation, Brighton pursued palaeontological research at Cambridge, paying for this study with supervising positions he gained in the Colleges.
He published his first paper on Cretaceous Echinoids from Nigeria in 1925, and studied the collections of the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences.
The Sedgwick Museum at the time was curated largely by volunteers and teaching staff from Cambridge, in particular W.B.R.
King and Gertrude Elles.
Brighton offered his services and his work in systematically ordering and sorting the existing collections.
In 1931, a post as full-time curator was offered to Brighton.
The salary was small however, and Brighton continued his teaching positions with the Department to supplement it.
Over half a million specimens had yet to be sorted and described when Brighton took the Curator's position in 1931.
Brighton brought in a new system for cataloguing items, such that the first instance of an object's description would be noted for future reference and citation.
Many of the staff at Cambridge preferred their existing methods of description.
Brighton's goal was to catalogue 12,000 items a year.
When he retired in 1968 he had catalogued almost 375,000 items over the course of 37 years.
The collection became more accessible and was considered a highly desirable research collection to utilize.
Brighton was also involved in displaying and rotating the collections he came into contact with for public exhibition and the loan and exchange of objects and research queries.
His position was raised to that of a lecturer in 1945, and he regularly taught classes to the Natural Sciences Tripos students.
He was Department Librarian from 1952-1968.
With the introduction of computers to record the contents of museum collection indexes from the 1960s, Brighton's logic made easy work of the translation of his index cards to machine retrieval systems.
Brighton retired in 1968 and died on 9 April 1988 in Cambridge.
He was survived by his wife Edith.
Legacy.
The A.G. Brighton medal, established in 1989 is given every 3 years to honour a candidate who either works with geological specimens or has led to improvements in the use of them in teaching.
KWFR (101.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock music format.
Licensed to San Angelo, Texas, United States, the station serves the San Angelo area.
The station is currently owned by Foster Communications.
KWFR is not licensed to broadcast in HD.
History.
The station was assigned the call letters KKLK on February 7, 1990.
Mansfield is a town in the Mansfield District of Nottinghamshire, England.
The town and its surrounding area contain over 200 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.
Mansfield was a royal manor in the 11th and 12th centuries, and since the Middle Ages it has been the main market centre for west Nottinghamshire.
During the Industrial Revolution, mills were built long the River Maun, and the town also became a centre for stocking frame knitting, but few buildings from this period have survived.
This list contains the listed buildings in the outer areas surrounding the town, outside the ring road, the settlements including Mansfield Woodhouse, Forest Town and Pleasley Hill.
Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.
The others include churches and items in churchyards, a market cross, road and railway bridges, railway viaducts, a commemorative stone, a dam and sluices, former mills, public houses, schools, almshouses, buildings in Mansfield Cemetery, war memorials and a telephone kiosk.
The WEW (World Entertainment Wrestling) Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship, first contested in Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW).
The title was revived in Pro Wrestling A-Team in 2018 as the WEW Openweight Championship.
Tournaments.
Takeover the Independent Tournament.
The "Takeover the Independent Tournament" was a sixteen-man single-elimination tournament held by Apache Army between July 25, 2012 and September 21, 2012.
Combined reigns.
Natalie Jane Pinkham (born 20 September 1977) is a British television presenter and Formula One pit lane reporter for Sky Sports F1, having held the same post for BBC Radio 5 Live in 2011.
She appeared on "Live from Studio Five" as a guest presenter and was a regular panellist on "The Wright Stuff".
Early life and education.
Pinkham was born in Buckinghamshire to barrister mother Joy, and property developer John, Natalie and her older DJ brother Sam, who presents the early morning show for Virgin Radio, were raised at the family home in Northants.
A capable 800m runner, she gave up the event to study at university.
Career.
After graduation, she joined Endemol as a researcher on BBC Two's "Ready Steady Cook", and then as an assistant producer on "International King of Sports".
Moving in front of the camera, she hosted the Isle of Man TT races for Men and Motors, reported from the Tennis Masters Cup in the United States for Sky Sports and fronted Chelsea F.C. 's "Blues News".
Along with ITV Fixers 'The Big Fix', The Salon Prive dinner and the Boodles Tennis Invitational, all in 2010.
She also penned interviews with some of the world's top pros and filmed the European Poker Tour for Challenge and Eurosport.
Scheduled to present Heart London's Friday evening show from January 2008, on 7 January 2008 it was officially announced that she would be competing in ITV1's "Dancing on Ice," partnered with Russian Andrei Lipanov and being taught to skate by ice legends Torvill and Dean.
In 2009, Pinkham co-hosted The Goodwood Festival of Speed with Steve Rider and in 2009 and 2010 co-hosted The Goodwood Revival with Craig Doyle and Ben Fogle, respectively.
In 2010, Pinkham guest presented Channel 5's "Live from Studio Five" and continued to be a regular panelist on "The Wright Stuff".
She also hosted the World Series of Poker Europe for ESPN.
Pinkham wrote regular pieces for the "Mail on Sunday" in the Health, Travel and Review sections.
It was confirmed on 13 January 2011 that Pinkham was to join BBC Radio 5 Live's Formula 1 commentary team as a pit lane reporter for the 2011 season - a role she took up beginning with the 2011 Australian Grand Prix.
In December 2011, it was announced she was working for Sky Sports covering the 2012 F1 season.
Her main role for the 2012 season was pit reporting throughout the practice sessions, qualifying and the race alongside other commitments like interviews.
For 2013, she replaced close friend Georgie Thompson as host of "The F1 Show" and over following years has become a key member of the Sky Sports F1 team.
In 2021, Pinkham became the first woman to commentate on a Formula One session on British television when she led Sky's commentary of first practice at the 2021 Bahrain Grand Prix, working alongside Karun Chandhok and Jenson Button.
In February 2023, she presented the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team car launch alongside Naomi Schiff.
Personal life.
Pinkham is married to Owain Walbyoff, who is Managing Director at Endemol Games.
In November 2010 the couple became engaged, and married in Portugal in July 2012.
On 17 January 2015, Pinkham gave birth to their first child, a son named Wilfred Otto Walbyoff.
On 20 June 2016, she gave birth to their second child, a daughter named Willow Mirela Walbyoff.
A keen fundraiser and campaigner, Pinkham is on the board of trustees for Access Sport and is an ambassador for her mother's charity KidsAid and the Motor Neurone Disease Association.
Charles Jackson "Bud" Wildman (born June 3, 1946) is a Canadian politician.
He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a New Democratic Party Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) from 1975 to 1999, representing the riding of Algoma, and was a cabinet minister in the government of Bob Rae.
Background.
He was educated at Carleton University, the McArthur College of Education at Queen's University, and Algoma University.
He lived in Echo Bay, Ontario after graduating, and worked as a high school history teacher.
He and his wife raised four children.
His son Jody Wildman is a municipal politician who, after first being elected as a councillor in 2000, has represented the Township of St. Joseph as mayor since 2003.
Politics.
Wildman was elected to the legislature in the provincial election of 1975, defeating incumbent Progressive Conservative Bernt Gilbertson by 398 votes.
He was re-elected by an increased margin over PC candidate Dave Liddle in the 1977 election, and retained his seat by significant margins in the elections of 1981, 1985, 1987, 1990 and 1995.
Wildman supported Jim Foulds's bid to lead the provincial NDP in 1982.
Government.
The NDP won the 1990 provincial election, and Wildman was appointed to cabinet as Minister of Natural Resources and Minister responsible for Native Affairs on October 1, 1990.
He was promoted to Minister of the Environment and Energy on February 3, 1993.
As Natural Resources minister, Wildman initiated the first public audit of Ontario's forest resources and promoted an ecosystem management approach for forest harvesting.
Ontario's Environmental Bill of Rights was also approved during his tenure as Minister of Environment and Energy.
As Minister responsible for Native Affairs during the entire tenure of the Rae government, Wildman instituted a regime of dealing with First Nations on a government to government basis, signing a "Statement of Political Relationship" with Ontario First Nation Chiefs, and concluded a number of land claims settlements.
He also established the Aboriginal Healing and Wellness Strategy, which sought to address health problems among native peoples in a culturally sensitive manner.
In January 1991, Wildman issued an order permitting members of the Golden Lake First Nation to hunt and fish in Algonquin Park pending settlement of the band's claim of the Ottawa Valley which included the park.
However a broad coalition of park users protested the order and formed a group called the "Adhoc Committee to Save Algonquin Park".
The committee was eventually dissolved once the claim was settled which restricted hunting in the park.
Return to opposition.
The NDP were defeated in the 1995 general election and reduced to third-party status, although Wildman retained the Algoma riding by a reduced margin.
Rae resigned as leader the next year and Wildman served as interim leader in the legislature from February 10, 1996 until June 24, 1996 when Howard Hampton took over the position after his victory in that year's Ontario NDP leadership convention.
Wildman had been approached by the NDP's northern Ontario MPPs about running for the leadership of the party but declined.
Wildman decided not to run in the 1999 election, and retired from provincial politics after almost a quarter century at Queen's Park.
Federal politics.
Wildman attempted to win a seat in the federal House of Commons in the 2000 federal election, running in Sault Ste.
Marie for the New Democratic Party.
The NDP actively targeted this seat as winnable, and party leader Alexa McDonough visited the riding very late in the campaign.
Wildman was however unsuccessful, finishing second against Liberal incumbent Carmen Provenzano.
Later life.
Since leaving politics Wildman has worked as a consultant.
He served as the Chair of the Board of Governors of Algoma University.
Wildman was also a member of the board of directors of the Sault Ste.
The Chinese national carbon trading scheme is an intensity-based trading system for carbon dioxide emissions by China, which started operating in 2021.
This emission trading scheme (ETS) creates a carbon market where emitters can buy and sell emission credits.
The scheme will allow carbon emitters to reduce emissions or purchase emission allowances from other emitters.
Through this scheme, China will limit emissions while allowing economic freedom for emitters.
China is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) and many major Chinese cities have severe air pollution.
The scheme is run by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, which eventually plans to limit emissions from six of China's top carbon dioxide emitting industries.
China was able to gain experience in drafting and implementation of an ETS plan from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), where China was part of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
China's national ETS is the largest of its kind, and will help China achieve its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement.
In July 2021, permits were being handed out for free rather than auctioned, and the market price per tonne of CO2e was around RMB 50, far less than the EU ETS and the UK ETS.
Plan specifics.
To achieve this, they decided to use market-based mechanisms.
They developed the Clean Development Mechanism, which consists of a "bottom up" architecture.
China has learned from the European Union, whose carbon trading market is currently twice as big, along with California in the United States, to implement mechanisms such as cap and trade.
The goal is to create an international market through exchanges where allowances are traded and carbon emissions are monitored and reported.
In the 2010s, China implemented seven pilot carbon markets in various zones that thrive on production of cement, electricity, heat, petroleum and oil extraction.
These stationary activities are known to be the most polluting and largest emitters of GHG.
In 2016, it was estimated that 40.24 million metric tons of carbon dioxide have been traded.
These pilot zones proved the cap and trade model's efficiency.
"Cap" refers to a permitted amount of emissions.
If an industry exceeds the cap, it requires an allowance.
Allowances can be traded, auctioned, or even given away for free.
Through cap and trade, it is believed that both competitiveness and possibly carbon leakage will be reduced.
Each cap and allowance was assigned to the cities according to their purpose, production rates, or ability to pass along the costs of carbon along the consumer chain.
The new entry allowances are for those who are in need for growth and are freely distributed, whereas the governmental allowance is a fixed, stable fraction that must be sold or auctioned.
There are also conditions that each zone must uphold, mainly regarding monitoring, reporting and verification.
Each zone has their own mechanism of doing so, but they all face the same kind of penalties if failing to do so.
Chinese President Xi Jinping publicly announced China's intention to develop a national carbon emissions trading system during a 2015 visit to the United States White House.
China's Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (covering 2016-2020) required that the government develop regulations for the national system.
In December 2017, China's National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) announced the creation of the system.
Difficulties.
There are challenges to China achieving these goals.
The country will have to ensure that there will not be any overlap with already existing policies on prevention, reduction and consumption of pollutants.
The country will also have to strictly monitor and enforce the scheme, and make sure that there is end to end transparency.
There will also need to be special attention to carbon leakage and on price volatility.
Since the pilot cities began this project, the price of carbon and caps has fluctuated.
The government will also need to make sure that there is an efficient trade and exchange of allowances on the spot market.
There will also need to be an plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to achieve their Paris agreement.
On the other hand, policy makers face a struggle to allocate allowances.
For the free allowance, they need to think about whom to give them to. for the auctioned ones, they need to think about the type of auction that is most convenient, and for the combined ones, all of the above.
Influences.
Prior to the conception and design of China's national carbon trading scheme, carbon emission trading (CET) had never been done in China.
With no CET experience to draw from, in late 2011 the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) approved two provinces and five cities of varying degrees of economic development as pilots.
In the Notice on Launching Pilots for Emissions Trading System (ETS), the NDRC approved Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong, and Shenzhen as ETS pilots.
Shenzhen was the first pilot to launch, on June 18, 2013, and was soon followed by the other designated pilots, which all completed their first compliance period by June 2015.
In order to aid the design of implementation details in China's national carbon trading scheme, each of the pilots was given the freedom to decide values for trading scheme parameters such as allowance allocation, coverage of sectors, and punishment mechanisms.
They also vary in their approach to transactions, issues with price uncertainty, and managing risk.
To assess the success of one pilot's trading scheme versus another, market performance was considered.
The pilots' approach to allowance allocation were largely based on historical emissions for most sectors except the power sector, which was allocated an allowance based on benchmarks and production.
Guangdong was the only pilot to implement auctioning allowances for its power sector.
Additionally, all pilots except Hubei allowed allowance rollover into the next compliance period.
To standardize monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon data, the NDRC issued monitoring and reporting regulations.
Enterprises were required to monitor and report their emissions, which was compared to a report from a third-party verification agency.
Discrepancies in the reports above a threshold would require a re-verification.
Funding required for verification was supplied by the local government rather than the enterprise, in order to reduce the compliance burden.
Five of the pilot programs allowed individuals to participate in carbon trading while two only allowed enterprises to do so.
Transaction formats varied slightly but were all in spot markets with no carbon futures.
In all pilots, enterprises needed to pay the cost of trading, which was a two-way charging scheme.
In order to ensure stability in the carbon market, each pilot set a price limit based on the closing price of carbon in the previous compliance period, as well as limits on maximum allowance holdings for enterprises.
Each pilot implemented varying degrees of fines for faking carbon data or withholding data.
Shenzhen was the only pilot to implement a variable fine, setting it as three times the market clearing price times the excess emissions.
Other pilot programs charged a flat fee.
All pilots deducted the excess emissions from the next period's allowance for the enterprise in question.
From the pilot program's inception to May 2015, 20.27 MtCO2e had been traded for a total value of 720 million CNY.
The carbon price for Shenzhen and Guangdong were the greatest, ranging from 60 to 80 CNY.
The price fluctuated more in Shenzhen and Tianjin when compared to other pilots, especially near the compliance period deadline and near the beginning of new periods.
The transitive behavior of the carbon market is a result more so of trading entities' understanding of policy and the timing of carbon data acquisition rather than market demand.
From the pilot program data, China should improve on the designs of the pilot programs in order to achieve a stable and stimulated national carbon market.
Economic analysis.
Comparing this to the EU-ETS scheme, it is almost twice as much as the EU allowance.
By the time of July 2016, EU-ETS is the world's largest carbon trading system, with a carbon market of two billion tonnes per year.
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) announced that eight sectors would be included in this market, these eight sectors are petrochemicals, chemicals, building materials, steel, ferrous metals, paper-making, power-generation and aviation.
The companies that participate in this market are compulsory to use more designated amount of energy.
The current number is 10,000 tonnes of standard coal equivalent of energy per year.
The first auction for vintage 2016 allowances happened in Guangdong on September 21.
End of Disclosure is the twelfth studio album by Swedish death metal band Hypocrisy.
It was released on 22 March 2013.
To promote the album, Nuclear Blast released the music video "Tales of Thy Spineless" on 4 April.
Background.
He indicated that the album was written after reflecting on the preceding albums, for which he felt that the band "lost it".
On 22 February 2013, Hypocrisy released a video for the title track of the album, "End of Disclosure".
Critical reception.
The album received moderately positive reviews, with critics noting that the album would appeal to the band's fanbase but did not advance Hypocrisy's sound.
Chris Dick, writing for "Decibel Magazine", criticized "End of Disclosure" for its "potluck songwriting", which gave the impression that the album was "cycling through various stages of Hypocrisy's (and the Abyss's) repertoire, giving it a shiny, modern coat of paint and calling it an album".
Laura Wiebe explained in "Exclaim!"
This is done to allow the simultaneous presentation of (usually) related graphical and textual information on a computer display.
TV sports used this presentation methodology in the 1960s for instant replay.
The original non-dynamic split screens differed from windowing systems in that the latter always allowed overlapping and freely movable parts of the screen (the "windows") to present related as well as unrelated application data to the user, while the former were strictly limited to fixed non-overlapping positions.
The split screen technique can also be used to run two instances of an application, possibly with another user interacting with the other instance.
In video games.
The feature is commonly used in non-networked, also known as couch co-op, video games with multiplayer options.
In its most easily understood form, a split screen for a multiplayer video game is an audiovisual output device (usually a standard television for video game consoles) where the display has been divided into 2-4 equally sized areas (depending on number of players) so that the players can explore different areas simultaneously without being close to each other.
This has historically been remarkably popular on consoles, which until the 2000s did not have access to the Internet or any other network and is less common today with modern support for online console-to-console multiplayer support.
History.
Split screen gaming dates back to at least the 1970s, with games such "Drag Race" (1977) from Kee Games in the arcades being presented in this format.
"Xenophobe" is notable as a three-way split screen arcade title, although on home platforms it was reduced to one or two screens.
The addition of four controller ports on home consoles also ushered in more four-way split screen games, with "Mario Kart 64" and "Goldeneye 007" on the Nintendo 64 being two well known examples.
In arcades, machines tended to move towards having a whole screen for each player, or multiple connected machines, for multiplayer.
"Moonshake" is a song by the krautrock band Can, on their 1973 album "Future Days".
Unusually for this album, known for its ambient, lengthy tracks, the song is short and has a pop structure, and was released as a single.
The Phoenix, led by third-year head coach Mike Schrage, played their home games at the Schar Center in Elon, North Carolina as members of the Colonial Athletic Association.
They lost in the quarterfinals of the CAA tournament to UNC Wilmington.
Previous season.
In the CAA tournament, they defeated Towson, top-seeded James Madison, and Hofstra to advance to the tournament championship game for the first time in program history.
There they lost to Drexel.
Susanne Regel (born 1974) is a German oboist working as solo artist and with international ensembles.
She specializes in baroque oboe, the classical oboe, and the romantic oboe.
Regel also teaches at several universities in Germany.
Education.
Regel started playing woodwind instruments as a child and began an intensive study of the recorder, modern oboe and also historical oboe when in school.
In 1993, Regel made it to the semi-final of the international MAfestival Brugge (Musica Antiqua Bruges) competition in Bruges.
She was the youngest participant of the competition.
In 2001 she completed her studies of the historical oboe under Ku Ebbinge, and the recorder under Sebastien Marc at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague.
Career.
Regel has made more than 50 radio, CD and DVD recordings.
A noteworthy achievement is her participation in the complete recording of the Bach cantatas under J.E.
Gardiner with the English Baroque Soloists in 2000..
Kangra Assembly constituency is 16th of the 68 assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh an Indian state.
Kangra is also part of Kangra Lok Sabha constituency.
Election candidate.
2022.
English names variously applied to different species include poplar (), aspen, and cottonwood.
The western balsam poplar ("P. trichocarpa") was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
Description.
The genus has a large genetic diversity, and can grow from tall, with trunks up to in diameter.
The shoots are stout, with (unlike in the related willows) the terminal bud present.
Leaf size is very variable even on a single tree, typically with small leaves on side shoots, and very large leaves on strong-growing lead shoots.
The leaves often turn bright gold to yellow before they fall during autumn.
The flowers are mostly dioecious (rarely monoecious) and appear in early spring before the leaves.
They are borne in long, drooping, sessile or pedunculate catkins produced from buds formed in the axils of the leaves from the previous year.
The flowers are each seated in a cup-shaped disk which is borne on the base of a scale which is itself attached to the rachis of the catkin.
The scales are obovate, lobed, and fringed, membranous, hairy or smooth, and usually caducous.
The female flower also has no calyx or corolla, and comprises a single-celled ovary seated in a cup-shaped disk.
The style is short, with two to four stigmata, variously lobed, and numerous ovules.
Pollination is by wind, with the female catkins lengthening considerably between pollination and maturity.
The fruit is a two- to four-valved dehiscent capsule, green to reddish-brown, mature in midsummer, containing numerous minute, light-brown seeds surrounded by tufts of long, soft, white hairs aiding wind dispersal.
Classification.
Recent genetic studies have largely supported this, confirming some previously suspected reticulate evolution due to past hybridisation and introgression events between the groups.
Some species (noted below) had differing relationships indicated by their nuclear DNA (paternally inherited) and chloroplast DNA sequences (maternally inherited), a clear indication of likely hybrid origin.
Hybridisation continues to be common in the genus, with several hybrids between species in different sections known.
There are currently 57 accepted species in the genus.
Phylogeny.
The oldest easily identifiable fossil of this genus belongs to "Poplus wilmattae", and comes from the Late Paleocene of North America about 58 million years ago.
Ecology.
Poplars of the cottonwood section are often wetlands or riparian trees.
The aspens are among the most important boreal broadleaf trees.
Poplars and aspens are important food plants for the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species.
"Pleurotus populinus", the aspen oyster mushroom, is found exclusively on dead wood of "Populus" trees in North America.
Cultivation.
Many poplars are grown as ornamental trees, with numerous cultivars used.
They have the advantage of growing to a very large size at a rapid pace.
Almost all poplars take root readily from cuttings or where broken branches lie on the ground (they also often have remarkable suckering abilities, and can form huge colonies from a single original tree, such as the famous "Pando" forest made of thousands of "Populus tremuloides" clones).
Trees with fastigiate (erect, columnar) branching are particularly popular, and are widely grown across Europe and southwest Asia.
A simple, reproducible, high-frequency micropropagation protocol in eastern cottonwood "Populus deltoides" has been reported by Yadav et al.
2009.
India.
In India, the poplar is grown commercially by farmers, mainly in the Punjab region.
Most commonly used to make plywood, Yamuna Nagar in Haryana state has a large plywood industry reliant upon poplar.
It is graded according to sizes known as "over" (over ), "under" (), and "sokta" (less than ).
Uses.
Although the wood from "Populus" is known as poplar wood, a common high-quality hardwood "poplar" with a greenish colour is actually from an unrelated genus "Liriodendron".
"Populus" wood is a lighter, more porous material.
Its flexibility and close grain make it suitable for a number of applications, similar to those of willow.
The Greeks and Etruscans made shields of poplar, and Pliny the Elder also recommended poplar for this purpose.
Poplar continued to be used for shield construction through the Middle Ages and was renowned for a durability similar to that of oak, but with a substantial reduction in weight.
Food.
In addition to the foliage and other parts of "Populus" species being consumed by animals, the starchy sap layer (underneath the outer bark) is edible to humans, both raw and cooked.
Manufacturing.
In Pakistan, poplar is grown on a commercial level by farmers in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces.
However, all varieties are seriously susceptible to termite attack, causing significant losses to poplar every year.
Logs of poplar are therefore also used as bait in termite traps for biocontrol of termites in crops.
Energy.
Interest exists in using poplar as an energy crop for biomass, in energy forestry systems, particularly in light of its high energy-in to energy-out ratio, large carbon mitigation potential, and fast growth.
In the United Kingdom, poplar (as with fellow energy crop willow) is typically grown in a short rotation coppice system for two to five years (with single or multiple stems), then harvested and burned - the yield of some varieties can be as high as 12 oven-dry tonnes per hectare every year.
In warmer regions like Italy this crop can produce up to 13.8, 16.4 oven-dry tonnes of biomass per hectare every year for biannual and triennial cutting cycles also showing a positive energy balance and a high energy efficiency.
Fuel.
Biofuel is another option for using poplar as bioenergy supply.
In the United States, scientists studied converting short rotation coppice poplar into sugars for biofuel (e.g. ethanol) production.
Considering the relative cheap price, the process of making biofuel from SRC can be economically feasible, although the conversion yield from short rotation coppice (as juvenile crops) were lower than regular mature wood.
Besides biochemical conversion, thermochemical conversion (e.g. fast pyrolysis) was also studied for making biofuel from short rotation coppice poplar and was found to have higher energy recovery than that from bioconversion.
Art.
The wood is generally white, often with a slightly yellowish colour.
Land management.
Lombardy poplars are frequently used as a windbreak around agricultural fields to protect against wind erosion.
Agriculture.
Logs from the poplar provide a growing medium for shiitake mushrooms.
Phytoremediation.
Poplar represents a suitable candidate for phytoremediation.
This plant has been successfully used to target many types of pollutants including trace element (TEs) in soil and sewage sludge, Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs), Trichloroethylene (TCE), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs).
Culture.
Two notable poems in English lament the cutting down of poplars, William Cowper's "The Poplar Field" and Gerard Manley Hopkins' "Binsey Poplars felled 1879".
In 1973, the 15 white poplars still left (with age ranges between 233 and 371 years) were declared natural monuments.
The Hungry March Band is an American brass band with approximately 15-20 active musicians and performers.
HMB has a repertoire of originals and traditionals that borrows from global brass band traditions, including Balkan Gypsy music, Indian wedding bands, and New Orleans second line.
They cite Sun Ra, Charlie Parker, John Cage, the Shyam Brass Band, Fanfare Ciocarlia, Rebirth Brass Band, the Skatalites, Sonic Youth, Weird Al Yankovic, and Black Sabbath as influences.
History.
The Hungry March Band was formed in 1997 at the Happy Birthday Hideout for the purpose of performing in the Coney Island Mermaid Parade.
Some early members were Scott Moore on sousaphone, Cuzn Johnny, Dreiky Caprice, Tim Hoey, Darius 'Boom Boom' Macrum, Noah on percussion, Theresa Westerdahl aka Tara Fire Ball on clarinet, Gam Mitkevich on trombone, and Sara Valentine as baton twirler.
Sasha Sumner, Sebastian Isler, Atsushi Tsamura, Emily Fairey, Okkon Tomohiko, Greg Squared, Ben Meyers, and Jason Candler all joined the band during the early period, before 2001.
Performances.
Part of the attraction for band members, spectators, and participants alike is the band's ability to move anywhere relatively quickly without need of electricity or artificial amplification.
They have attracted attention with performances in unlikely locations, including subway trains, the Staten Island Ferry, and unannounced street events.
Festival in Somerville, Massachusetts.
Around New York City, they have performed at Lincoln Center and countless clubs throughout the five boroughs. 188 under the baton of Butch Morris was also broadcast nationally throughout Italy.
Discography.
Recorded over the course of four years, this album was produced and recorded by HMB member Jason Candler.
It is composed entirely of original material written by band members, the cover art is by HMB member John Heyenga, and is the first album by HMB to be released on LP format.
Basis tracks were recorded at Galapagos Art Space in DUMBO, Brooklyn, and the rest of the production was handled at the Maid's Room, Lower East Side.
Portable Soundtracks for Temporary Utopias.
Recorded in March 2007 at The Hook in Red Hook, Brooklyn, this CD was produced by Danny Blume, Matt Moran and the Hungry March Band, and mastered by Scott Hull.
HMB member Jason Candler provided additional production.
It almost exclusively comprises original material written by band members, and the cover art is by Samantha Tsistinas with design work by Julie Hair, both of whom are percussionists in the band.
Critical Brass.
This CD was recorded at LOHO Studios on Clinton Street on Manhattan's Lower East Side a few weeks after the Hungry March Band returned from its first European tour.
In a similar style to "On the Waterfront", the entire thing was recorded live, but this time with many well-placed microphones, and in a more controlled sound environment.
It was produced by Jason Candler and the Hungry March Band, recorded by Joe Hogan, and contains cover art by Troy Frantz.
On the Waterfront.
"On the Waterfront" was recorded in two sessions in 2001 with the entire band playing live into two microphones (one for the bass drum and one for the band at large).
It was recorded in a loft apartment in Williamsburg, Brooklyn by John Gurrin and edited by HMB member Jason Candler.
The cover art is by East Village artist Fly.
This disc is named after and dedicated to the vacant lot on the East River in Brooklyn where the band used to rehearse and to which it attributes its miraculous rebirth.
Official Bootleg.
The first Hungry March Band CD is a fairly accurate reflection of what the band was doing for the first few years of its existence.
Several tracks were recorded at the now-defunct Rubulad art space in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in the fall of 1999, but most of them were culled from field recordings made by band members.
The opening track, "Disco Bhangra," was recorded at the Ship's Mast bar on Kent Avenue.
Most of the material was improvised based on loose structural ideas that were conceived by sousaphonist Scott Moore, and designed to allow for maximum improvisation and spontaneity.
The word equestrian is a reference to equestrianism, or horseback riding, derived from Latin ' and ', "horse".
He also wrote works on theology and geometry and may have been nominated to become a bishop.
Life and works.
He was the son of the Italian painter, Antonio Ricci, who had come to Spain to work on decorations for El Escorial.
His brother, Francisco Rizi, was also a painter.
In 1627, he joined the Benedictine Order and took up residence at Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey and apparently studied law at the University of Salamanca.
He was expelled from the Abbey in 1640, due to his strong advocacy of Castilian nationalism during the Reapers' War.
Later, he was removed from the court of Prince Balthasar Charles, where he was employed as a drawing teacher, for opposing the appointment of a new Abbott made by King Philip IV.
Most of those he painted at Montserrat were lost in a fire during the Peninsular War.
The National League for Nursing (NLN) is a national organization for faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education.
It offers faculty development, networking opportunities, testing services, nursing research grants, and public policy initiatives to more than 40,000 individual and 1,200 education and associate members.
Mission.
The National League for Nursing promotes excellence in nursing education to build a strong and diverse nursing workforce to advance the health of our nation and the global community.
History.
The NLN was founded in 1893 as the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses and was the first organization for nursing in the U.S.
In 1942, the NLNE created individual membership, enabling African-American nurses to participate in the organization.
In 1952, the NLNE combined with the National Organization for Public Health Nursing and the Association for Collegiate Schools of Nursing as the National League for Nursing, and the United States Department of Education (USDE) recognized the NLN, including it on the initial list of recognized accrediting agencies.
Willie Mae Jackson Jones, of the Community Nursing Services of Montclair, New Jersey, served as the first African-American in the organization, as a member of the first NLN board of directors.
Additionally, Dr. Lillian Holland Harvey, the Dean of the Tuskegee Institute School of Nursing, was also on the board of directors.
Awards.
NLN presents a number of awards every year.
Among the major awards given are the Mary Adelaide Nutting Award for Outstanding Teaching or Leadership in Nursing Education, the Isabel Hampton Robb Award for Outstanding Leadership in Clinical Practice, and the Lillian Wald Humanitarian Award.
Accrediting Commission.
In 1996, the NLN Board of Governors approved establishment of an independent entity within the organization to be known as the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC).
In 1997, the NLNAC began operations with sole authority and accountability for carrying out the responsibilities inherent to the accreditation processes.
The Commissioners assumed responsibilities for the management, financial decisions, policy-making, and general administration of the NLNAC.
The NLNAC was incorporated as a subsidiary of the NLN in 2001, and twelve years later, the name of the NLNAC was changed to the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN), the name under which the subsidiary continues to operate.
On December 1, 2014, Marsal P. Stoll, EdD, MSN, was appointed the chief executive officer of the ACEN.
In 2014, the NLN created an additional commission for nursing education accreditation, the Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation (CNEA).
On July 1, 2014, Judith A. Halstead, PhD, RN, FAAN, ANEF, was appointed executive director of the CNEA.
Both organizations operate to support the interests of nursing education through accreditation.
A core difference is that the ACEN is recognized by the USDE.
A collection of papers including proceedings of annual conventions, meeting minutes, biographical data of early leaders, correspondence, and photos are held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.
In 2009 there were 14,500 baptized.
It is currently governed by archeparch Georges Khawam.
Territory and statistics.
The archeparchy includes the Syrian governorates of Latakia and Tartus on the coast of the Mediterranean.
Its archeparchial seat is the city of Latakia (Laodiceia formerly), where is located the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation.
The territory is divided into 18 parishes and had 14,500 Catholics in 2013.
History.
The archeparchy was erected on April 28, 1961 with the Papal bull Qui Dei consilio of Pope John XXIII, and its territory was taken from Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Tripoli in Lebanon.
The Queensland Railways C13 Baldwin class locomotive was a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotives operated by the Queensland Railways.
History.
Dante Antwane Fowler Jr. (born August 3, 1994) is an American football defensive end for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL).
He played college football at Florida.
Fowler was selected third overall by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the 2015 NFL Draft but missed his entire rookie season after sustaining an ACL tear.
He would return the following season and played two more seasons for the Jaguars before being traded to the Los Angeles Rams in 2018.
He would later sign with the Atlanta Falcons in 2020.
High school career.
Fowler attended Lakewood High School in St. Petersburg, Florida, where he was a two-sport star in football and track.
Fowler was named an honorable mention to the Sports Illustrated All-American football team following his senior season, and was selected to the 2012 Under Armour All-America Game.
In track, Fowler competed as a shot putter, recording a top throw of 14.32 meters (47 ft).
College career.
As a freshman at the University of Florida in 2012, Fowler moved to the outside linebacker position.
Fowler played in all 13 games and started his first game against Missouri.
He recorded 30 tackles, including eight for loss, and 2.5 sacks.
He was named to numerous freshman all-American teams.
In 2013, Fowler started all 13 games for the Gators and was named a team captain for the two final games of the season.
He recorded 50 tackles, including 10.5 for loss, and 3.5 sacks.
In 2014, he slimmed down from 277 to 261 pounds, in an effort to be a more explosive edge player for the Gators.
He recorded 60 tackles, including 15 for loss, 8.5 sacks, and two forced fumbles, and was named a first-team All-Southeastern Conference selection by the conference's coaches.
In his final game, the 2015 Birmingham Bowl vs East Carolina, he recorded three sacks helping the Gators to the 28-20 victory.
On November 19, 2014, Fowler tweeted that he would leave the school with Will Muschamp, who announced he would step down as head coach.
Fowler made his intentions to forgo his remaining eligibility and enter the 2015 NFL Draft.
Professional career.
Jacksonville Jaguars. 2015 season.
Fowler was selected third overall by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the 2015 NFL Draft.
On May 8, 2015, Fowler tore his ACL on the first day of mini-camp and missed the entirety of his rookie season. 2016 season.
Fowler ended his first official season playing in all 16 games with one start, recording 32 tackles, 4.0 sacks, and five passes defensed. 2017 season.
He had a 53-yard fumble return for a touchdown near the end of the first half.
The touchdown was the first of his NFL career.
Late in the third quarter, Fowler forced a fumble off of quarterback Deshaun Watson, which was recovered by teammate Yannick Ngakoue.
The Jaguars finished atop the AFC South with a 10-6 record.
In the playoffs, Fowler recorded five tackles, two sacks, and a pass deflection before the Jaguars were defeated 24-20 by the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game. 2018 season.
On May 2, 2018, the Jaguars declined the fifth-year option on Fowler's contract.
On July 20, 2018, he was suspended for one game due to violating the league's personal conduct policy.
Under the collective bargaining agreement, these appointments should have been voluntary.
This incident reportedly led to the firing of Jaguars football operations chief Tom Coughlin.
Los Angeles Rams. 2018 season.
On October 30, 2018, Fowler was traded to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for a compensatory third-round selection (Quincy Williams) in the 2019 NFL Draft and a fifth-round selection in the 2020 NFL Draft, which ended up being used to select Collin Johnson.
Due to a change to the 3-4 defense, Fowler moved to outside linebacker with the Rams.
In 8 games of 2018, Fowler finished with 21 tackles, 2 sacks, a pass defended, and a forced fumble.
In the playoffs, the Rams defeated the Dallas Cowboys in the Divisional Round and Fowler recorded 2 tackles and a sack.
In the NFC Championship Game against the New Orleans Saints, Fowler recorded 5 tackles and 0.5 sacks in a 26-23 overtime victory to advance to Super Bowl LIII and Fowler made a huge play in overtime when he hit Drew Brees to set up an interception by John Johnson III.
The Rams played the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl but lost 13-3.
Fowler recorded 4 tackles in the loss. 2019 season.
In the season-opener against the Carolina Panthers, Fowler sacked Cam Newton twice as the Rams won on the road by a score of 30-27.
During Week 7 against the Atlanta Falcons, he sacked Matt Ryan thrice in the 37-10 road victory.
Atlanta Falcons.
On October 22, 2021, Fowler was placed on injured reserve with a knee injury.
On November 14, 2021, Fowler was activated from IR in time to be active for week 10 game versus Dallas Cowboys.
He was released on February 16, 2022.
Dallas Cowboys.
On March 18, 2022, Fowler signed a one-year contract with the Dallas Cowboys.
On March 21, 2023, Fowler re-signed with the Dallas Cowboys.
Personal life.
On July 18, 2017, Fowler was arrested in St. Petersburg, Florida for simple battery and committing mischief.
Fowler confronted a man who commented about his driving, struck the man, broke his glasses, and threw a bag containing liquor into a lake.
On March 1, 2018, Fowler pleaded no contest to battery, criminal mischief, and petty theft.
The company delivers software consulting, product engineering, and IT training services with a focus on Java software development.
The company is the first Philippine-based SpringSource partner (now VMware vFabric) and listed as a Grails framework development company.
History.
Orange and Bronze was founded in July 2005 by Calen Martin Legaspi and Renato "Butch" Landingin.
The company started as a two-man consulting firm doing software training for local software companies.
Their clients eventually hired them as software consultants, before the company ventured into offshore software development projects.
This led to partnerships with Google, SpringSource and Pentaho.
As of March 2011, Orange and Bronze's headcount is at 90 employees.
Founders.
Calen Martin Legaspi is the co-founder and CEO of Orange and Bronze Software Labs.
He co-founded PinoyJUG, or the Association of Philippine Java Developers.
He is currently part of the Technology Council for the Philippine Software Industry Association (PSIA) as Director for Technology.
He is also the official representative to the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Technical Committee on Computer Science.
Renato "Butch" Landingin is Calen Legaspi's co-founder.
He serves as the company's Chief Technology Officer.
Butch Landingin is the author of Squishdot, which is described as "a web based news publishing and discussion product that allows you to handle threaded discussions with a minimum of configuration and day-to-day management by building a web-based news site."
Services.
The company's Google Apps implementations include nationwide change management training and deployment of 600,000 licenses for a government institution, and migration from a legacy system for the Department of Finance and for the largest Filipino software firm - Pointwest Technologies.
Incubation.
This application can be downloaded from Google Play.
O4BO was conceptualized by Michael Oliver.
Open source.
Orange and Bronze is a proponent of open-source software technologies.
The company encourages its employees to contribute to open source projects.
Squishdot is a news and publishing content management system used by KDE Dot News.
He also authored the Batch Jobs Management Console (Batman-Con), a web-based application written in Grails (framework) to monitor batch runs of Spring Batch-based batch jobs.
Michael Mallete, the vice president for consulting services, developed open source applications S2PFace, Grails SoundManager Plugin and Robot Framework Maven Plugin.
Within the politics of Germany, the Second Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl, was sworn in on March 29, 1983 and laid down its function on March 11, 1987.
The cabinet was formed after the 1983 elections.
It was succeeded by the Cabinet Kohl III, which was formed following the 1987 elections.
Engineer-in-Chief of the Tenth Army, he was captured in North Africa six days after Italy's entry into the war, thus becoming the first Axis general captured in World War II.
Biography.
A veteran of the Italo-Turkish War, the First World War and the Second Italo-Senussi War, he participated in the Spanish Civil War with the rank of colonel, as Engineer-in-Chief of the Corps of Volunteer Troops (CTV), taking part in the battle of Santander (where he received a War Cross for Military Valor), and subsequently in the battle of the Ebro and the Aragon Offensive, where he earned a Silver Medal of Military Valor.
In 1939 he was promoted to brigadier general for war merit, and after commanding the engineers of the Udine Army Corps from September 1939 to February 1940 he was given command of the Engineering troops of the XXI Corps, stationed in Cyrenaica as part of the Tenth Army, and later of the Tenth Army itself.
He was initially held in a newly built prisoner-of-war camp in Geneifa, near the Great Bitter Lake, until in August 1940 he was transferred to the Dehradun "general's camp" in British India.
Having become sick, he was repatriated in late 1944.
From 23 January 1958 to 18 October 1959 he was national vice president of the National Association of Engineers and Transmitters of Italy (ANGET).
On 2 June 1959 he was awarded the honor of knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, which was however revoked on 21 December 1961.
Deokgasan is a mountain in the city of Wonju, Gangwon-do in South Korea.
La Guerche-sur-l'Aubois () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.
Geography.
Virago Sound is a sound on the north coast of the Graham Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada, at the entrance to Naden Harbour.
The sound is named for , a Royal Navy sloop-of-war surveying these waters in 1853, under the command of Master George H. Inskip.
His first officer was John Cruft.
In Ingraham's logbook (original in the Smithsonian Library, Washington, DC) he mentions that he named an anchorage "Cruft's Cove after my chief officer..." (volume ii, p.80).
Private life.
David, a shoemaker, made the decision to leave Germany because of unacceptable political views.
The family emigrated to the United States in 1854 and settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
He became a repairer of shoemaking machinery and subsequently engaged in supplying this machinery to the trade.
He was engaged in the manufacture of leather and in 1887 invented the alum and sumac tawing process, which revolutionized the tanning industry.
The company he founded with his two brothers Alfred E. Burk and Charles D. Burk, Burk Brothers and Company, is now listed as a Registered Historic Place.
Family.
Congress.
Burk was elected in 1901 as a Republican to the 57th Congress and served from March 4, 1901, until his death in Philadelphia.
During the time that Burk served in Congress, the Boer War was raging in South Africa.
Burk supported the Boers against the British.
However, the United States sold the British preserved meat and hay, as well as mules and other supplies.
Burk moved in the House that "mules, remounts, and other supplies be declared contraband", but by this time the war was practically over.
Gilbert of Assailly, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, began construction of the castle in 1168.
The restored castle is located in Belvoir National Park (a.k.a.
Jordan Star National Park).
It is the best-preserved Crusader castle in Israel.
Strategic location.
Standing above the Jordan River Valley level, the plateau commanded the route from Gilead into the Kingdom of Jerusalem via a nearby river crossing.
To the north is the Sea of Galilee and to the west are hills.
The site of the castle dominated the surrounding area, and in the words of Abu Shama, the castle is "set admidst the stars like an eagle's nest and abode of the moon".
History.
Roman and Byzantine periods.
Crusader period.
The Knights Hospitaller purchased the site from Velos, a French nobleman, in 1168.
As soon as the Knights Hospitaller purchased the land, they began construction of castle.
While Gilbert of Assailly was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, the order gained around thirteen new castles, among which Belvoir was the most important.
The castle of Belvoir served as a major obstacle to the Muslim goal of invading the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem from the east.
It withstood an attack by Muslim forces in 1180.
During the campaign of 1182, the Battle of Belvoir Castle was fought nearby between King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Saladin.
Following Saladin's victory over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin, Belvoir was besieged.
The siege lasted a year and a half, until the defenders surrendered on 5 January 1189.
An Arab governor occupied it until 1219 when the Ayyubid ruler in Damascus had it slighted.
In 1241 Belvoir was ceded to the Franks, who controlled it until 1263.
Ottoman and British Mandate periods.
After a military assault by Yishuv forces.
Israel.
The Arab buildings on the site were demolished by the Israeli authorities between 1963 and 1968.
Architecture.
After the end of the Second World War, the study of Crusader castles experienced a lull.
Syria, for instance, declared independence in 1946 and had little money to spare for archaeology.
In Israel, the study of Crusader castles developed under Joshua Prawer.
Its most significant discovery was made at Belvoir.
Between 1963 and 1968 the Israel Department of Antiquities carried out excavations at the castle.
Before the investigations, it had been assumed that Belvoir was a simple castle, with just a single enclosure.
Excavations in the 1960s demonstrated the complex nature of early military architecture in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Belvoir is an early example of the concentric castle plan, which was widely used in later crusader castles.
The castle was highly symmetric, with a rectangular outer wall, reinforced with square towers at the corners and on each side, surrounding a square inner enclosure with four corner towers and one on the west wall.
According to historian H. J.
A. Sire, the principle of concentric design used at Belvoir "was to influence castle design for the next several centuries."
Vaults on the inner side of both walls provided storage and protection during bombardments.
Mount Biederbick is the highest mountain of the Conger Range on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada.
She served as Ambassador of Colombia to Brazil, as Ambassador of Colombia to Japan and Non-Resident Ambassador to Singapore Australia and New Zealand.
An industrial engineer, she was President of the Banking and Financial Institutions Association of Colombia from 2000 to 2006.
Background.
She obtained a Diploma in Economic Development from the University of Oxford in June 1985.
Career.
She became Head of the Planning for the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit's Economic and Fiscal Analysis Office in 1985 and from 1989 Advisor to Minister, Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.
In 2001 she became President of the Banking and Financial Institutions Association of Colombia, ASOBANCARIA.
The 2017 Camellia Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game played at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama, on December 16, 2017.
The game was the fourth edition of the Camellia Bowl and featured the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders of Conference USA and the Arkansas State Red Wolves of the Sun Belt Conference.
Sponsored by broadcasting company Raycom Media, the game was officially known as the Raycom Media Camellia Bowl.
Teams.
Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders.
This was their first appearance in the Camellia Bowl.
Arkansas State Red Wolves.
Vasudha Narayanan is an American scholar of Hinduism at University of Florida and former President of the American Academy of Religion.
Biography.
Vasudha Narayan has degrees from the University of Madras, University of Bombay, and Harvard University.
From 1996 to 1998 she was the president of the society for Hindu-Christen studies.
Vasudha Narayan was named Florida's Teacher of the Year in 2010.
With the University of Florida, Vasudha Narayan made the nation's first Center for the Study of Hindu Traditions named CHiTra for research and study.
He created and for many years ran the program "Un mensaje a la conciencia" ("A Message to the Conscience").
He and his wife Linda traveled extensively across Latin America conducting seminars, conferences and evangelistic crusades.
Early years.
Finkenbinder was the son of Frank and Aura Finkenbinder, both missionaries, and was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico.
He grew up speaking both English and Spanish.
He studied at Zion Bible Institute in East Providence, Rhode Island and at Central Bible College in Springfield, Missouri.
He married his wife Linda in 1942, and was ordained by the Assemblies of God in 1947.
El Salvador.
After a short time in New Mexico, Finkenbinder and his wife moved to El Salvador in 1942.
He began a radio ministry, Latin American Radio Evangelism, in 1955, and in 1960 added a television program, which reportedly had 100,000 weekly viewers in El Salvador.
California.
After 21 years of living and evangelizing in El Salvador, Finkenbinder and his family relocated to Costa Mesa, California, where they established the ministry headquarters in 1964.
He would remain in California for the duration of his life, although he continued to travel extensively throughout Latin America in support of crusades and special evangelistic events.
After a dispute relating to interdenominational organizations, he withdrew from the Assemblies of God in 1972, but returned to the denomination in 1988.
He received an honorary doctorate from Southern California College in Costa Mesa (now Vanguard University of Southern California) in 1993.
In 1997 the program was reported to air "on more than 2,000 radio stations and in more than 27 countries".
Around that time, Finkenbinder decided to retire from the ministry, which was taken over by Charles Ray Stewart and his wife, also named Linda.
Death.
On January 25, 2012, Finkenbinder and his wife celebrated their 70th wedding anniversary.
Later in the evening, however, he complained of a severe headache, and he was taken to the hospital where he slipped into a coma.
, marketed in some English-speaking countries under the name Libogen and Livita, is an energy drink manufactured by Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. and its licensee Osotspa.
Lipovitan is marketed to alleviate physical and mental fatigue.
Ingredients.
The primary ingredient in the Lipovitan product line is taurine.
Lipovitan products are sold in Japan and in stores in countries that carry Asian products.
History.
Arginine is the main active ingredient in the modified Red Bull sold in Japan.
Sponsorship.
Madrasatul Waizeen or Madrasatul Waezeen or Madrasat al-Wa'izin (College of Preachers), founded in 1919, is an old centre of Twelver Shia education in the city of Lucknow, India.
Many of the clerics attend this school after they finish their graduate educations in other Shia seminaries to strengthen their oratory and preaching skills.
It is well-known for the valuable manuscripts in its library.
Foundation and development.
The seminary was founded on 19 May 1919 by Maharaja Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan of Mahmudabad in memory of his younger brother Sahibzada Mohammad Ali Ahmad Khan Sahib.
The Waqf-e-Madrasa-e-Ahmadiya of Mahmudabad was created by the Maharaja of Mahmudabad in 1919 by way of a registered "Waqfnama".
The Madrastul Waizeen was founded by the aforementioned "Waqf" in 1919.
Shams-ul-Ulema Ayatullah Syed Najmul Hasan was involved in madrasa since the days of its founding.
First Board of Trustees.
Taj-ul-Ulama Maulana Syed Mohd Zaki (son of Shams-ul-Ulama Syed Mohammad and grandson of Shams-ul-Ulema Ayatullah Syed Najmul Hasan) also served as the managing trustee.
Maharajkumar Mohammad Amir Haider Khan of Mahmudabad was the managing trustee until his demise in 1991.
The late Hujjatul Islam Maulana Mazahir Hussain a renowned 'Alim and scholar was a trustee of the Madrasa as the Imam-e-Jum'a of Mahmudabad, Sitapur District, India.
Educational Program.
Madrasatul Waizeen is considered a higher Shia religious education, where the students learn high levels of Shia studies, specially fiqh and usul al-fiqh, but also take some courses in preaching.
The student of this seminary should pass a 3-year program of studying after which they should go for a journey of preaching for people in India or another country for two years, after which they would get the title of "wa'iz" (preacher).
Learning foreign languages such as Arabic, English, Persian, etc., are obligatory for the students of Madrasatul Waizeen.
The students also take some courses about other religions and denominations so they would become able to engage in interfaith dialogue and preaching for people of other faiths.
The Madrasa has an annual event on the last week of every December, when everyone who is in any way related to this seminary participates in a 3-day conference and reports about what they do around the world, and they are also informed about the activities of the seminary during the last year.
The place of the conference is different time to time.
Library.
The collections of the library of Madrasatul Waizeen include more than 20,000 books in print, and at least 1500 manuscripts.
DR. Mohd.
Taqi Ali Abidi, Asstt.
Activitees and associated institutions.
Field of operations of this Madrasa has not been confined to India, but its missionaries have worked in Zanzibar, Uganda, Mombasa, Darussalam, Singapore, Shanghai.
During the late 1920s, the Madrasatul Waezeen started sending their missionaries to East Africa.
These missionaries were, specially trained for preaching and propagating the faith.
They toured East Africa, visiting various Jamaats of Shia Ithna-Asheris and prepared a comprehensive report of their own activities.
The nature of these visits was expeditious, protracted for a few months during which time some of them extended their visits to as far south as Madagascar, and northwards to Somalia.
The Madrasa has an associated institution in Mahmudabad, District Sitapur, India, known as Madrasa-e-Ahmadul Madaris.
It is funded by the Raja of Mahmudabad.
They discerned the best-valued ticket by using an analytical engine that compared a seat's distance from the action to the price of the ticket.
Rukkus also showed stadium layouts for arena shows to allow visualization of one's seat, and allowed users to search for specific events by city or interest.
The Rukkus app was free, and featured 2 tap purchasing, as well as in-app music streaming and artist recommendations.
As of August 17, 2018, the Rukkus app has been replaced with a new version powered by TickPick.
History.
The NYC-based startup was founded in 2011 by Manick Bhan, a Duke graduate and former Goldman Sachs employee with a vision to create "the Kayak.com of the event ticket world".
Bhan worked on Rukkus with fellow former investment banker (and co-founder) Joe Messineo, third co-founder Angela McCrory, and at its peak, 17 other employees.
Biography.
Ralph Benjamin Pratt was born on 9 August 1872 in London, England to Joseph and Jane Pratt.
He attended school at the South Kensington School of Art and moved to Canada in 1891 and then to Manitoba the following year.
Pratt worked at the Canadian Pacific Railway at Winnipeg as an architectural and engineering draftsman from 1895 to 1901, during which he created a standard plan for a station which was used at Virden, Manitoba, and other locations.
From 1901 to 1906, he worked for the Canadian Northern Railway.
He created the first standard design 3rd Class station for the Canadian Northern in 1901, and other standard plans.
Although Pratt left the Canadian Pacific in 1901, and the Canadian Northern in 1906, he continued to receive commissions from the railroads for other work, and both railroads continued to use the standard plans he had created, so the design of later stations is often attributed to him.
In 1906, Pratt partnered with Donald Aynsley Ross to start the architectural partnership Pratt and Ross, which specialized in structural and civil engineering projects.
Pratt was a Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, a member of the Railway Engineering Association, and was the president of the Manitoba Association of Architects from 1917 to 1919.
His recreations included canoeing and skating.
He was a member of the Anglican church.
He died at Saint Boniface, Winnipeg, on 14 March 1950, and was buried in the St. John's Cemetery.
Hydrophilus is a group of plants in the Restionaceae described as a genus in 1984.
In Marxist philosophy, the term commodity fetishism describes the economic relationships of production and exchange as being social relationships that exist among things (money and merchandise) and not as relationships that exist among people.
As a form of reification, commodity fetishism presents economic value as inherent to the commodities, and not as arising from the workforce, from the human relations that produced the commodity, the goods and the services.
In the process of commercial exchange, commodities appear in a depersonalized form, obscuring the social relations inherent to their production.
The theory of commodity fetishism () originated from Karl Marx's references to "fetishes" and "fetishism" in his analyses of religious superstition, and in the criticism of the beliefs of political economists.
Marx borrowed the concept of "fetishism" from "The Cult of Fetish Gods" (1760) by Charles de Brosses, which proposed a materialist theory of the origin of religion.
Moreover, in the 1840s, the philosophic discussion of fetishism by Auguste Comte, and Ludwig Feuerbach's psychological interpretation of religion also influenced Marx's development of commodity fetishism.
Marx's first mention of fetishism appeared in 1842, in his response to a newspaper article by Karl Heinrich Hermes, which defended Germany on religious grounds.
Hermes agreed with the German philosopher Hegel in regarding fetishism as the crudest form of religion.
Marx dismissed that argument and Hermes's definition of religion as that which elevates man "above sensuous appetites".
Instead, Marx said that fetishism is "the religion of sensuous appetites", and that the fantasy of the appetites tricks the fetish worshipper into believing that an inanimate object will yield its natural character to gratify the desires of the worshipper.
Therefore, the crude appetite of the fetish worshipper smashes the fetish when it ceases to be of service.
Critique.
In the critique of political economy.
Marx proposed that in a society where independent, private producers trade their products with each other, of their own volition and initiative, and without much coordination of market exchange, the volumes of production and commercial activities are adjusted in accordance with the "fluctuating values" of the products (goods and services) as they are bought and sold, and in accordance with the fluctuations of supply and demand.
Because their social coexistence, and its meaning, is expressed through market exchange (trade and transaction), people have no other relations with each other.
Therefore, social relations are continually mediated and expressed with objects (commodities and money).
How the traded commodities relate will depend upon the costs of production, which are reducible to quantities of human labour, although the worker has no control over what happens to the commodities that they produce.
That psychologic perception transforms the trading-value of a commodity into an independent entity (an object), to the degree that the social value of the goods and services appears to be a natural property of the commodity itself.
Objectified value.
The value of a commodity originates from the human being's intellectual and perceptual capacity to consciously (subjectively) ascribe a relative value (importance) to a commodity, the goods and services manufactured by the labour of a worker.
Therefore, in the course of the economic transactions (buying and selling) that constitute market exchange, people ascribe "subjective" values to the commodities (goods and services), which the buyers and the sellers then perceive as "objective" values, the market-exchange prices that people will pay for the commodities.
Naturalization of market behaviour.
In a capitalist society, the human perception that "the market" is an independent, sentient entity, is how buyers, sellers, and producers naturalize market exchange (the human choices and decisions that constitute commerce) as a series of "natural phenomena ... that ... happen of their own accord".
Such were the political-economy arguments of the economists whom Karl Marx criticized when they spoke of the "natural equilibria" of markets, as if the price (value) of a commodity were independent of the volition and initiative of the capitalist producers, buyers, and sellers of commodities.
In the 18th century, the Scottish social philosopher and political economist Adam Smith, in "The Wealth of Nations" (1776) proposed that the "truck, barter, and exchange" activities of the market were corresponding economic representations of human nature, that is, the buying and selling of commodities were activities intrinsic to the market, and thus are the "natural behaviour" of the market.
Hence, Smith proposed that a market economy was a self-regulating entity that "naturally" tended towards economic equilibrium, wherein the relative prices (the value) of a commodity ensured that the buyers and sellers obtained what they wanted for and from their goods and services.
Masking.
Moreover, because the capitalist economy of a class society is an intrinsically contradictory system, the masking of the true socio-economic character of the transaction is an integral feature of its function and operation as market exchange.
The work contract is the mask that obscures the economic exploitation of the difference between the wages paid for the labour of the worker, and the new value created by the labour of the worker.
The primary valuation of the trading-value of goods and services (commodities) is expressed as money-prices.
Moreover, because of the masking of true economic motive, neither the buyer, nor the seller, nor the producer perceive and understand every human labour-activity required to deliver the commodities (goods and services), nor do they perceive the workers whose labour facilitated the purchase of commodities.
Capitalism as religion.
In the essay "Capitalism as Religion" (1921), Walter Benjamin said that whether or not people treat capitalism as a religion was a moot subject, because "One can behold in capitalism a religion, that is to say, capitalism essentially serves to satisfy the same worries, anguish, and disquiet formerly answered by so-called religion."
Cultural theory.
However, Marx focused on the exchange value of the commodity -- its price -- when considering commodity fetishism and its hiding of the complex social relationships involved in producing and exchanging a product under capitalism.
He was not discussing the symbolic meanings of the commodity for the consumer, or what he called its "use value."
Hence, sexual fetishism and commodity fetishism are largely unconnected concepts.
Social prestige.
Reification.
Industrialized culture.
In the book "Dialectic of Enlightenment" (1944), Adorno and Max Horkheimer presented the Theory of the Culture Industry to describe how the human imagination (artistic, spiritual, intellectual activity) becomes commodified when subordinated to the "natural commercial laws" of the market.
To the consumer, the cultural goods and services sold in the market appear to offer the promise of a richly developed and creative individuality, yet the inherent commodification severely restricts and stunts the human psyche, so that the man and the woman consumer has little "time for myself", because of the continual personification of cultural roles over which he and she exercise little control.
Commodity narcissism.
In the study "From Commodity Fetishism to Commodity Narcissism" (2012) the investigators applied the Marxist theory of commodity fetishism to psychologically analyse the economic behaviour (buying and selling) of the contemporary consumer.
Researchers find no evidence that a greater manufacturing base can spur economic growth, while improving government effectiveness and regulation quality are more promising for facilitating economic growth.
Ethical Consumption.
According to James G. Carrier, on a personal level their purchases can make them feel more positively moral and second they can help put pressure on firms in a competitive market to change the way they do things.
Certain commodities are perceived in a particular way that the consumer ignores or denies the labour time entailed in the process of production or for that matter any detailed background people and process that is viable in creating an ethical product.
Capitalists have the intention of selling to an audience with commercial gain - the use of nature as a strategy is vital in urging people to buy their product.
Ethical consumption is mostly concerned with the social, political and environmental context of objects - and consumers want a product that meets their moral criteria, something non-exploitative.
These baseline concepts need to be visible and eye-catching with recognisable verifications.
This is very common in ecotourism who produce eco-friendliness as a reason to buy and visit.
Advertising protection and conservation attracts visitors and media attention.
These capitalists make no point to vary in their images and photographs or captions - the repetition of nature is always colourful and vibrant, gentle and reserved.
They are "fetishizing" nature as a marketing technique.
Portraying themselves as a business that protects nature satisfies their clientele so that the consumer cannot see the objects and mechanisms used to actually produce it.
Carrier describes how the environment itself is fetishised as a consumable product through parks and other areas of land being used as bodies or images attached to promises of natural experiences or protection efforts in return for money.
Carrier also offers the example of fair-trade coffee as a way that commodity fetishism is seen in ethical consumption.
Social alienation.
The spectacle is the form that society assumes when the Arts, the instruments of cultural production, have been commodified as commercial activities that render an aesthetic value into a commercial value (a commodity).
Whereby artistic expression then is shaped by the person's ability to sell it as a commodity, that is, as artistic goods and services.
The Society of the Spectacle is the ultimate form of social alienation that occurs when a person views his or her being (self) as a commodity that can be bought and sold, because they regard every human relation as a (potential) business transaction.
In the book "For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign" (1972), Baudrillard developed the semiotic theory of "the Sign" (sign value) as a development of Marx's theory of commodity fetishism and of the exchange value "vs." use value dichotomy of capitalism.
Intellectual property.
In the 21st century, the political economy of capitalism reified the abstract objects that are information and knowledge into the tangible commodities of intellectual property, which are produced by and derived from the labours of the intellectual and the white collar workers.
Philosophic base.
The economist Michael Perelman critically examined the belief systems from which arose intellectual property rights, the field of law that commodified knowledge and information.
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis critically reviewed the belief systems of the theory of human capital.
Knowledge, as the philosophic means to a better life, is contrasted with capitalist knowledge (as commodity and capital), produced to generate income and profit.
Such commodification detaches knowledge and information from the (user) person, because, as intellectual property, they are independent, economic entities.
In "Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism" (1991), the Marxist theorist Fredric Jameson linked the reification of information and knowledge to the post-modern distinction between "authentic knowledge" (experience) and "counterfeit knowledge" (vicarious experience), which usually is acquired through the mass communications media.
Financial risk management.
The sociologists Frank Furedi and Ulrich Beck studied the development of commodified types of knowledge in the business culture of "risk prevention" in the management of money.
From such administration of investment money, manipulated to create new capital, arose the preoccupation with risk calculations, which subsequently was followed by the "economic science" of risk prevention management.
In light of which, the commodification of money as "financial investment funds" allows an ordinary person to pose as a rich person, as an economic risk-taker able to risk losing money invested to the market.
Hence, the fetishization of financial risk as "a sum of money" is a reification that distorts the social perception of the true nature of financial risk, as experienced by ordinary people.
Commodified art.
Legal traducement.
Criticism.
In "Portrait of a Marxist as a Young Nun" (1988), Professor Helena Sheehan said that the analogy between religious faith and commodity fetishism is a mistaken interpretation, because people do not worship commodities (money and merchandise) by attributing supernatural powers to inanimate objects, to a fetish.
That the belief that value-relationships inherent to a commodity described is not religious belief, because value-relations do not possess the psychological characteristics of spiritual beliefs.
The Akrotiri Boxer Fresco, discovered in 1967, is one of the Wall Paintings of Thera and a leading example of Minoan painting.
It is a fresco depicting two young boys wearing boxing gloves and belts and dates back to the Bronze Age, 1700 BCE.
Around 1600 BCE, a disastrous earthquake, followed by a volcanic eruption, covered Akrotiri in a thick layer of pumice and ash, which resulted in the remarkable conservation of frescoes, including the Akrotiri Boxer Fresco, from multiple buildings throughout the town.
This particular fresco was found in room B1 of Building Beta along with the Antelope Fresco.
The boys' shaved heads and stray locks indicate their youth, while their darker skin tone indicates their gender.
They appear to be slightly over life-size at roughly 5'10".
To create such vibrant frescoes, a smooth lime plaster was applied to the walls and then painted over.
It is impossible to know whether the match was a competitive one or simply a routine sport.
Volcanic eruption.
An eruption of this size would have most likely generated a tsunami over 100 feet tall, travelling across the Aegean Sea and decimating populations in its path.
The size of this eruption had far-reaching impacts on the environment and civilisation in the region, primarily the Minoans.
The thick layer of pumice and ash from the volcano covered the island and preserved much of the alienation for thousands of years.
As a result, several pieces of Minoan artwork, primarily the frescoes, were preserved as fragments in the rubble, and have been reassembled by archaeologists.
These frescoes provide modern society with invaluable insight into the daily lives of the Cycladic people.
Role of boxing in Minoan culture.
This is apparent in multiple pieces of art, ranging from other frescoes, such as the Bull-Leaping Fresco, to pottery.
The youth of the boys in the Akrotiri Boxer Fresco hints that athletes began training very early on in life, suggesting that sports were extremely important to Minoan society.
It has even been suggested that athletics played a religious role in society due to their widespread practice.
The youth of athletes in many pieces of artwork indicates that athletic competition may have been a rite of passage into adulthood for the Minoans.
Although there is much scholarly debate as to whether or not the gloves that the boys are wearing were meant to provide protection for the bones of the wearer or increase the amount of damage inflicted on the opponent, it is clear that except gloves, jewellery, and belts, competitors wore as little as possible.
Due to the simplicity of the sport, it is quite possible that boxing was created as a means to settle disputes and eventually evolved into an athletic competition.
Spinal deformity.
The Akrotiri Boxer Fresco may have been the first example of a sports-related deformity ever recorded.
According to a medical writer, the young boy on the right appears to have spondylolisthesis.
But the anatomy in Minoan painting is often not very realistic.
How frescoes are made.
To achieve such vibrant colouration there are several techniques possible.
In buon fresco, commonly known from Renaissance art, lime plaster was applied to the walls and then painted over while wet with colourful paint.
In Minoan art, frescos often employed another technique as well known as fresco-secco.
After the plaster and paint dried, extra paint was sometimes used to add details and would be applied with a binding agent.
Some frescos are entirely created using this technique.
The most common colours used in frescoes were green, blue, yellow, white, red, and black, all of which were derived from minerals and later fixed with organic material.
Advanced geometric patterns suggest the usage of mechanical tools to improve the accuracy of the designs as well as a grid system for proportionality.
As is common in other forms of Greek art such as pottery, male skin is generally painted red while females tend to be portrayed as white.
A prolific, visionary builder and design aficionado, he created more than 500 luxury homes which made an enduring imprint on the area.
About 400 of his homes were built in the wealthy island town.
Early life.
The son of Florence Ward and William Gottfried, Robert was born in Queens, New York.
His father operated a residential construction business creating homes and vacation cottages on Long Island.
In 1954, at the age of 28, young Gottfried moved to Palm Beach to work with an uncle.
Career and Family.
The first house he built was of brick, in the 200 block of Wells Road.
His client was prominent Chicago industrialist Rudolph W. Glasner, an Austrian immigrant who held patents for his inventions in machine parts for the automotive industry.
Glasner and Gottfried formed a partnership and purchased an entire block in the island's North End.
Gottfried had already opened a design center in West Palm Beach.
He branched out, adding a marble factory, mirror factory and a company to produce specialty moldings.
Aiming to expand further, he formed a development company, and Robert W. Gottfried Inc. was incorporated in 1955.
From the time he moved to Palm Beach, he never lived in a house he did not build.
"I got to know how a house should work that way, what works and what doesn't," he said in an interview.
Gottfried intuited the market correctly, as "Gottfried Regency" became a recognized brand within the first decade, with buyers drawn to high ceilings and clean classical lines.
Dovetailing the trend, designers at Benjamin Moore paints mixed a custom hue known as "Gottfried Gray."
In 1978, Gottfried bought Los Incas, a six-acre oceanfront estate in the Venetian style.
The seller was widowed socialite Mary Sanford, whose late husband, Stephen "Laddie" Sanford, was a textile heir and polo player.
Along Polmer Park, Gottfried built Gardenia House, which sits on a lakefront cul-de-sac with a quite lofty elevation.
Built in 1969 and renovated in 2001, the house epitomized the developer's trademark style and attention to detailing, symmetry and classic lines.
According to historian Augustus Mayhew, Gottfried's extensive contribution to the Palm Beach landscape was "...modern interiors designed for conveniences rather than antiques."
Highly innovative, Gottfried incorporated desirable extras in his houses which heretofore in Palm Beach were confined to custom designs.
Features such as the loggia, library, gallery, butler pantry, silver closet, built-in media and security systems drew buyers also attracted to his distinctive inlaid stone driveways.
In 1970, Gottfried married Martha Heines, who had moved to Palm Beach in 1967 from the Midwest.
She continued to work with her husband, coordinating contracts between customers buying his houses and a network of design and decor vendors.
By 1974, the developer had expanded further into building luxury homes on speculation.
Thus, the couple launched a real estate brokerage, Martha A. Gottfried Inc., which set an industry standard from the outset.
At one time, the firm operated three offices on the island, including the flagship location on the famed shopping street, Worth Avenue.
In addition to his preferred specialty of French Regency, Gottfried served clients interested in other styles.
In 1973, he built a Georgian mansion designed by architect John Volk, at 1930 S. Ocean Boulevard in Palm Beach, as well as contemporary and Tuscan styles.
In an interview published in the November 2014 edition of Architectural Digest magazine about the book "Palm Beach People" with coauthor Hilary Geary Ross, when asked "What's your favorite modern residence in Palm Beach? ", she responded "Fashion designer Lisa Perry's house, by the late Palm Beach developer Robert Gottfried, is completely white but punctuated with bold, colorful art.
Designed by Maurice Fatio, the oceanfront compound was all the rage at the 1937 Paris Exhibition, where it won the Gold Medal as the best modern building in the world at that time.
Tsai acquired The Reef a year after it was declared a town landmark.
Tsai sold the property in 1996 to Metromedia executive Stuart Subotnick, an art collector and owner of thoroughbreds.
Subotnick sold The Reef in 2007 to developer Stephen M. Ross, chairman of The Related Companies and owner of the Miami Dolphins NFL franchise.
In 1984, Gottfried acquired a lakefront parcel and built a mansion for himself and Martha at 748 Hi-Mount Road, with custom features found nowhere else on the island.
Sited on two-thirds of an acre overlooking the Intracoastal Waterway, the two-story home rests on an ancient coral ridge at the highest elevation in Palm Beach.
It is a pristine walled compound of seclusion behind large wrought-iron security gates.
In December 1991, Martha Gottfried died of cancer at the age of 54.
The couple had no children.
In 1992, Broker Associate Pamela Hoffpauer, a long-time agent with the firm, was named president of Martha A. Gottfried Inc. A few years later, she and the developer married.
She has been a leader in the town's business community, having been President of the Palm Beach Chamber of Commerce, and serving on the Town of Palm Beach Board of Code Enforcement, and the Town Zoning Commission.
Legacy.
After Robert Gottfried's death in 2007, Pamela remained President and owner of Martha A. Gottfried Inc. when the firm was acquired by New York-based brokerage Douglas Elliman.
Featured in a YouTube video, the house has six bedrooms, 11 full bathrooms, four half-baths, marble floors, casement windows, a temperature-controlled wine cellar, a movie theater, billiard room, gym, cabana and grill room overlooking the swimming pool, a concrete "deep water" dock capable of accommodating a large yacht, and a full-house generator.
With formal columns and clerestories above arched windows, the house made a vivid statement when built and continues to draw admirers and prospective buyers.
Robert Gottfried's legacy extends beyond the homes he built across Palm Beach.
His innovative bent spilled over to related fields, including landscaping and construction materials.
Their inventions received several grants from the U.S. Patent Office in the 1980s.
One patent was for a roofing system.
A few involved an apparatus and method for injecting trees with nutrients and therapeutic liquids.
Their joint venture, Tree Saver Inc., was a timely response which is credited with helping to avert a major crisis on the island.
Lethal yellowing disease had already killed many varieties of palm trees all over South Florida.
Capture the Flag (also known as Atrapa la Bandera in Spanish) is a 2015 Spanish computer-animated science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Enrique Gato and written by Patxi Amezcua.
Produced by 4 Cats Pictures and animated by Lightbox Entertainment, the film was distributed worldwide by Paramount Pictures, which was a milestone for Spanish cinema, as this was the first time a major Hollywood studio acquired and agreed to distribute two Spanish animated films worldwide (not just one, like most other films), with the other one being Tad the Lost Explorer and the Secret of King Midas.
The film takes place in the present alternate times of the year 2015, and the storyline is about Mike Goldwing, a 12-year-old surfer who embarks on a journey with his friends to disrupt a billionaire's plan to destroy the American flag planted on the Moon.
The film received some mixed reviews from few American critics and was well-received by most Spanish critics and audiences.
The American setting had polarizing reception while the animation, action scenes, voice acting, music score, and themes were generally praised.
The film won Best Animated Film at the 2016 Goya Awards.
Though released first in Spain, "Capture the Flag" was animated to the English voice cast first and dubbed into Spanish and Catalan in post-production.
Plot. 12-year-old Mike Goldwing is the son and grandson of NASA astronauts.
His grandfather Frank lives his days estranged from the family after missing out on his big chance to fly to the Moon with the Apollo 11 mission.
Texan billionaire Richard Carson III wants to claim ownership of the Moon in order to mine its vast resources of Helium-3.
To bolster his claim, Carson promotes the false rumor that the original Moon landing was faked in a studio.
The President of the United States orders NASA to plan another space flight to the Moon to beat Carson.
Upon hearing the news, Carson hires a saboteur to stop the mission.
Mike decides to go to the Moon as a stowaway.
Mike, along with his friends Marty and Amy and Marty's pet lizard Igor, tries to sneak inside the launch area, but Marty gets caught after being attacked by alligators in the marshes surrounding Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39.
As the mission commander, Mike's grandfather Frank is called to the scene.
When Carson's operative causes the rocket to launch much earlier than planned, Mike, Amy, and Frank blast off to the Moon with Carson on their trail.
The trio capture the flag.
Amy links her phone camera to the antenna while Carson reveals his evil plans to them, and consequently the world.
Realizing that he would still win if he got back to Earth, they stop him by sabotaging his futuristic Helium-3 mines.
Mike learns that Frank had been ruled out of the first mission because he had caught chicken pox from his son Scott.
Frank at first blamed Scott for him missing out on such a great opportunity to go to space, but he then realized that it was not Scott's fault and he was a failure for blaming it on his own son.
Feeling guilty about this, Frank decided to leave his family, declaring that Scott would be better off without him.
Mike, Amy, and Igor are chased by Carson and escape through Moon's rock cliffs by using rocket spare parts as surf boards and manage to destroy his entire rocket and workshop with the help of Marty's communication rocket to survive the explosion.
After planting the flag back in its place, they all return safely to Earth with Mike's plans to reunite his family.
Grandfather Frank reconciles with his son and the three travelers are hailed as heroes, and Amy is also proud to be headlined the first female on the moon.
In the mid-credits, Carson floats through space after his defeat along with a partially damaged Gigs, who turns out to be an android fabricated by Gags.
Feeling sorry that he lost a "father" because of him, Carson forgives him by embracing him, and notices the annoying android of his floating as well around them.
Production.
After the successful reception of the previous film "Tad, The Lost Explorer", Enrique and his crew thought of an interesting concept regarding exploration on the Moon based on the conspiracy theories to the NASA and the Apollo missions, along with the themes of family and broken dreams regarding NASA space missions.
The heads loved the idea and started greenlighting the project by crafting the script based on the elements with writer Jordi Gasull, who was also a great collector of space objects.
The Lightbox team visited NASA's space centers in Houston, Texas, and Cape Canaveral for documentation and visual references, with guidance from some members of the station.
"He told us many details about what some protocols are like, the launch of the rockets, the machinery of the ships ...", explains Enrique Gato.
Another of the advisers was veteran astronaut Alan Bean, the fourth man to walk on the Moon.
He did it on the next mission, Apollo XII, in November 1969.
"He gave us details of what it was like to step on the Moon, how to get there in the last phases ...
It helped us to be as faithful as possible", said the director.
Visiting NASA was especially helpful for the animators as they needed to know the textures of many surfaces.
In the space agency, they were surprised that they were dedicated to photographing "a piece of telephone or the ground", revealed the scriptwriter Jordi Gasull in the presentation of the film.
In the movie, they also used a member of the team as a reference to get an idea of the height of things.
His name is Galo, so the team started talking about measures such as "half a Gallic", "three-quarters of a Gallic" or "two Gauls".
The team also thought about including in the story the resource Helium 3, an isotope that could be a source of clean nuclear energy.
This element actually exists and it is rare on Earth but abundant on the Moon, giving more motivation to the villain Richard Carson.
For the animation, it used a digital combination of 3D animation with Adobe After Effects (visual effects), Autodesk Maya (computer animation), Nuke (compositing) and ZBrush (sculpting).
Every ten seconds of film and animation required a week of work, specifically for this movie production.
This time, the artists also were determined in updating the elements of real hair when modeling the characters.
The biggest challenge for the riggers - those in charge of giving movement to the characters - was the design of Igor, the chameleon that accompanies the children on their adventure, along with the application of various mechanical gadgets in his backbox.
For Enrique Gato, the greatest difficulty laid in the animation of Frank, the grandfather who had a certain obsession with getting a character that had the acting characteristics of Clint Eastwood, even as a reference, that conveys incredible emotions without moving a muscle on his face.
Other character designs for the movie were mostly modeled and parodically named as references to real-life people and animated characters from Pixar , including Richard Carson as a reference to Richard Branson, his assistants Bill Gags and Steve Gigs to Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, and the Goldwing family members Samantha and little Tess were visual references to the mother Helen Parr (Mrs.
Incredible) from "The Incredibles" and Boo from "Monsters, Inc.".
Other animated references put on the film included a black and white clip faking an outtake of the Apollo 11 arrival with a janitor impersonating a filmmaker as a parody to Stanley Kubrick, and another scene when Mike and Amy floating around eating candy through the rocket as a reference to "The Simpsons" 1994 episode Deep Space Homer.
Release.
The movie premiered on August 26 at a special blue carpet event in Spain and eventually a special screen premiere at Houston's NASA center, making it the first international film and first animated film to be released in the NASA theater screening.
Box office.
Reception.
The film has received rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on the reviews and an average rating of .
While it was positively received by most critics and audiences in Spain, it barely gathered mixed results in other places like the USA due to lack of viewership from many other critics.
Home media.
The film was released on DVD on March 1, 2016.
Sridhara is an Indian name.
References.
Hasarius adansoni, known commonly as Adanson's house jumper, is a species of jumping spider that is common in warm regions around the world, often associated with people.
Distribution.
"H. adansoni" is found in warmer climates around the world, for example Malta, India, Japan, Brazil, Taiwan and Australia.
It has also been introduced worldwide in greenhouses and similar places, for example in several German zoos.
In China it is distributed in the provinces of Gansu, Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.
Description.
Females grow up to 8 millimeters in length, males up to 6 millimeters.
The males are mostly black, with a red "mask" and pedipalps that are partly white.
A white crescent is present on the back part of the abdomen, and another one on the front part of the opisthosoma.
There are two small white dots on the posterior back, and two even smaller ones towards the end.
These white areas - especially on the pedipalps - have a nacre-like iridescence.
Females are dark brown, with a lighter and somewhat rufous opisthosoma.
Behavior.
These spiders build a silken retreat at night, which is about twice the length of the animal.
Although the same retreat is sometimes reused, others are built in the vicinity.
Males have been seen to feed on immature females, although this may be by accident.
Nomenclature.
This species was originally described as "Attus adansonii" by Audouin in 1826, then redescribed in officially recognised literature another 86 times by 2012, often being placed in other genera.
Politics of Samoa takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic state whereby the Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government.
Existing alongside the country's Western-styled political system is the "fa'amatai" chiefly system of socio-political governance and organisation, central to understanding Samoa's political system.
From the country's independence in 1962, only "matai" could vote and stand as candidates in elections to parliament.
In 1990, the voting system was changed by the Electoral Amendment Act which introduced universal suffrage.
However, the right to stand for elections remains with "matai" title holders.
Therefore, in the 51-seat parliament, all 49 "Samoan" Members of Parliament are also "matai", performing dual roles as chiefs and modern politicians, with the exception of the two seats reserved for non-Samoans.
At the local level, much of the country's civil and criminal matters are dealt with by some 360 village chief councils, "Fono o Matai", according to traditional law, a practice further strengthened by the 1990 Village Fono Law.
The national government ("malo") generally controls the legislative assembly as it is formed from the party which controls the majority seats in the assembly.
Executive power is exercised by the government.
Legislative power is vested in the assembly, but the government generally controls legislation through its weight of numbers in the Fono.
The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Executive branch.
The 1960 Constitution, which formally came into force with independence, is based on the British Westminster model of parliamentary democracy, modified to take account of Samoan customs.
Two of Samoa's four highest ranking paramount chiefs (Tama a 'Aiga) at the time of independence were given lifetime appointments to jointly hold the office of head of state.
Malietoa Tanumafili II held the post of Head of State alone from the death of his colleague, Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole, in 1963.
At the time the Constitution was adopted it was anticipated that future Heads of State would be chosen from among the four Tama-a-Aiga 'royal' paramount chiefs.
However, this is not required by the Constitution and for this reason Samoa can be considered a republic rather than a constitutional monarchy like the United Kingdom.
Parliament (the Fono) can also amend the constitution through a simple majority of votes in the house.
System of government.
The Samoa system is a very hard model of parliamentary democracy where the executive and the legislative arms of government are fused together.
The prime minister is chosen by a majority in the Fono and is appointed by the head of state to form a government.
The prime minister's preferred cabinet of 12 is appointed and sworn in by the head of state, subject to the continuing confidence of the Fono, which since the rise of political parties in Samoa in the 1980s, is controlled by the party with the majority of members in the Fono (the government).
The unicameral legislature, named the Fono Aoao Faitulafono (National Legislative Assembly) contains 49 members serving five-year terms.
Universal suffrage was extended in 1990, but only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Samoan seats.
The third Tamaaiga Tuimalealiifano was the deputy Head of State or a member of the Council of Deputies when Samoa gained its independence in 1962.
Judicial system.
The judicial system is based on English common law and local customs.
The Supreme Court of Samoa is the court of highest jurisdiction.
The Court of Appeal has limited jurisdiction to hear only those cases referred to it by the Supreme Court.
Below the Supreme Court are the district courts.
The chief justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the Head of State on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
Perhaps the most important court in Samoa is the Land and Titles Court of Samoa, consisting of cultural and judicial experts appointed by the supreme court.
This court hears village land and title succession disputes.
The court derives from the Native Land and Titles Commission put in place under the German colonial administration in 1903.
Samoa's political stability is thought to be due in large part to the success of this court in hearing disputes (Source?).
The current Chief Justice is Satiu Simativa Perese.
Modern political history.
From independence until the 1970s, Fono debate was conducted in the typical 'consensus' style manner of the faamatai system in the villages.
This meant due deference was usually shown to the Tama-a-Aiga within parliament (the highest ranking chiefs in the nation).
Debate usually ended up with the members supporting the then Tama-a-Aiga prime minister or other highly ranked chiefs in the house.
Fiame Mataafa Mulinuu II was re-elected as Prime Minister unopposed for most of the period between 1962 and 1975.
There were no political parties in these consensus-style parliaments of the 1960s and early 1970s.
In the 1970-73 parliament, the first woman speaker of the Fono was chosen - Leaupepe Faima'ala.
However, rising competition and differences in views between MPs in the 1970s led to the establishment of the first political party - the Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP) in 1979.
The 1978 election was the first time a non-Tama-a-Aiga was chosen as Prime Minister.
The election of Tupuola Efi to the prime ministership by his supporters was met with staunch opposition from various quarters of the Fono and caused huge controversy at the time because he had defeated a Tama-a-Aiga candidate.
The HRPP was set up in part to oppose the then Prime Minister, Tupuola Efi, and also to demand greater rights for farmers.
One of the founding members was Va'ai Kolone - a famous farmer turned politician from the rural Savai'i constituency of Vaisigano.
Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi eventually became Head of State in 2007 under his Tafaifa title Tui Atua and Tama-a-Aiga titles Tupua Tamasese.
From 1982 to 2021, the majority party in Parliament was the HRPP, save for a short period in 1985 when Va'ai Kolone leading a coalition of parties won the election but had to resign as MPs crossed the floor to the HRPP.
Tofilau Eti Alesana regained the Prime Ministership after Vaai resigned.
HRPP leader Tofilau Eti Alesana served as prime minister for nearly all of the period between 1982 and 1998, when he resigned due to health reasons.
Tofilau Eti was replaced by his deputy, Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi.
Parliamentary elections were held in March 2001.
The Human Rights Protection Party, led by Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi, won 23 of the 49 seats in the 13th parliament.
The Samoa Democratic United Party, led by Le Mamea Ropati, is the main opposition.
Other political parties are the Samoa Party, the Christian Party, and the Samoa Progressive Political Party.
The March 2006 elections were again won by the HRPP by an even larger margin than 2001.
The HRPP won 32 seats to the SDUP's 10, with a third major party - the Samoa Party - not gaining any.
The majority of independents joined the HRPP to increase the party's majority to 39 seats in the 49 seat parliament.
Internal SDUP infighting led to the party's parliamentary members splitting.
Leader Le Mamea Ropati was ousted in a coup led by deputy leader Asiata Dr Saleimoa Vaai, who then assumed leadership of the SDUP.
Le Mamea and supporters became independents and thus reduced the SDUP's MPs to only 7.
This was not enough to be formally recognised in the Fono as an official opposition party (they needed at least 8 MPs).
Therefore, there was no official opposition party recognised in the Samoan parliament.
In 2020, proposed constitutional changes, including the removal of customary land courts from the oversight of the Supreme Court, generated significant opposition.
During the 2021 Samoan general election, FAST won 25 seats, equal to the number of seats retained by HRPP.
The one remaining seat was won by the independent Tuala Iosefo Ponifasio.
These results, which would provide the parliament its first official opposition party in over a decade, were immediately disputed by the HRPP.
When the Supreme Court questioned this on 4 May, Sualauvi called a snap election for 21 May, declaring the April results void.
However, on 17 May the Supreme Court ruled the 52nd seat unconstitutional.
They also ruled the calling of a new election unconstitutional, and that the April election results would stand.
The constitutional crisis ended on 23 July when the Court of Appeal ruled that the F.A.S.T.
Political parties and elections.
The Samoa Democratic United Party (formed after the 2001 elections) bringing together the Samoa National Development Party and the Samoa Independent Party) is led by the long serving Member of Parliament, Hon.
Le Mamea Ropati Mualia.
Other parties include(d) the Samoan Progressive Conservative Party, the Samoa All People's Party, and the Samoa Liberal Party.
The song was written by the artists alongside LunchMoney Lewis, Robert Diggs, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Russell Jones. and producer Ricky Reed.
The song was originally intended to be the first single from Derulo's fifth studio album, then titled "777".
Background and release.
Derulo previewed "Swalla" in a video posted in August 2016.
He officially announced it as a single on January 2, 2017.
"Swalla" premiered on February 23, 2017, and was released for download on iTunes Store the next day.
Parts of the chorus are created as an interpolation of ODB's song "Shimmy Shimmy Ya".
On May 12, 2017, the trio released "Swalla (After Dark Remix)", a slow-paced acoustic remix of the original song.
The original version is the ultimate club track, so the idea was to give people the flip side of the song.
The subject matter and melody is so sexy, but you might miss the 'sexy' in all the fun of 'Swalla'.
So, 'After Dark' is on the opposite side of the spectrum and is SURE to set the mood."
Critical reception.
Justin Ivey from "XXL" wrote that Minaj "comes through to close out the track with bars that steal the show".
Joshua Espinoza of "Complex" wrote that "Jason and Ty handle their verses nicely, but Nicki is definitely the star", also saying that the song "definitely has potential".
"Rap-Up" also praised Minaj's verse saying that she "anchors the track with a third and final verse that many will likely assume is another thinly-veiled jab at Remy Ma".
Hilary Hughes from MTV News wrote that this is a "steamy number that has all three chiming in over a wobbly beat that would feel right at home on the floor of a beach club in the Caribbean".
Music video.
On February 24, 2017, the official lyric video for "Swalla", directed by Alex Lockett, was uploaded to Derulo's YouTube channel.
The music video premiered on March 17, 2017.
As of June 2021, the music video has received over 1.6 billion views on YouTube.
Live performances.
Derulo and Minaj performed the song at the "Billboard" Music Awards on May 21, 2017.
Derulo performed the song at the Opening Ceremony of Pakistan Super League 2018 on February 22, 2018.
On April 12, 2018, Derulo performed the song live during a medley with "Tip Toe" and "Colors" at the German Echo Music Prize.
Other appearance.
This song is featured in Blackpink's In Your Area World Tour as the group member Lisa's solo dance number in Asia, North America and Europe setlist.
Harvard U.
Press. 1956 and "The Taproot of Soviet Society".
Harper.
1959.
"A Word Count of Spoken Russian".
OSU Press, 1966.
He was professor of Russian, Wheaton College, Norton, Massachusetts, from about 1946 to 1962, followed by 3 years at Ohio State University.
Vakar left to France as a result of events during the Russian Civil War.
He was married in 1926 to Gertrude Vakar, the translator.
Nicholas and Gertrude arrived in the United States in 1942.
The 21 Project is the third studio album by American country music artist Hunter Hayes, released in physical format on November 6, 2015 through Atlantic Nashville.
Hayes co-produced the collection with Dann Huff.
The album includes five songs from his similarly-titled EP, "21", released earlier that year, as well as two new tracks.
Each song is available as a studio recording, an acoustic recording, and a live performance from the Wheels Up Tour.
Background.
In May 2015, Hayes released the project's lead single, "21", exclusively to streaming service Spotify (and later to digital music platforms including iTunes) in an effort to inspire country music to adapt to new, digital forms of music distribution.
Over the next two months, he released a series of additional one-off singles that were then incorporated into an extended play, also titled "21", that was released on Spotify on August 7, 2015.
Warner Music officially announced said album, "The 21 Project", in a press release dated October 12, 2015, and was released on November 6, 2015.
According to him, the goal of the project was to "bring the focus back to the music," and to demonstrate how a song evolves "from its original form into something we play on stage."
The songs were all rearranged for the acoustic and live performances.
Charts.
The album debuted at No. 16 on Top Country Albums, and No. 93 on Billboard 200, selling 5,300 copies in its first week.
The album has sold 12,400 copies in the United States as of December 2015.
Other songs.
Tsere tsere is a children's game from South Africa.
It is no longer frequently played.
Haworthia chloracantha is a species of succulent plant native to the Cape Province of South Africa.
"H. chloracantha" has typically pale yellow-green leaves and is somewhat similar to "Haworthia reticulata" in form, but the leaves are opaque rather than translucent.
It forms prolific clusters of plants.
Study South Africa is an annual publication of the International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA) in association with Universities South Africa (USAf), and serves as a guide to higher education in South Africa.
Scope.
The monograph series includes articles pertaining to internationalization within the Higher Education environment of South Africa.
Union University is a federation of several graduate and undergraduate institutions which are located in New York State, United States.
Its constituent entities include Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany Law School, Albany Medical College, Dudley Observatory, Union Graduate College, and Union College.
It was established in 1873.
Club career.
Born in Varese, Lombardy, Gazo started his career at Azzate Calcio Mornago and then A.S. Varese 1910.
In August 2009 he was signed by another Lombard club AlbinoLeffe of Serie B, re-joining former teammate Nicholas Allievi.
He spent 2 seasons in the reserve team from 2009 to 2011.
In 2011, he was signed by Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Pro Vercelli, however he was a player of the reserve team as an overage player.
On 13 January 2012 he was signed by Prato.
Gazo returned to AlbinoLeffe in 2012, which the club relegated to the Prime Divisione.
The club failed to win the promotion playoffs in 2014.
The Mt.
SAC Relays are an annual track and field festival held primarily at Hilmer Lodge Stadium on the Mt.
San Antonio College campus in Walnut, California.
The Relays are held in mid-April each year since the first edition held on April 24-25, 1959.
The meet was started by Mt.
San Antonio College track coach Hilmer Lodge, and flourished under his direction until his retirement in 1963.
The meet attracts all levels and disciplines of the sport of Track and Field.
They claim to have had as many as 9,000 competitors participate in a single year.
Because of the stature of the meet, the stadium and most meet literature contains the phrase "Where the world's best athletes compete".
Divisions.
While the relays are most famous for the elite division, where many notable athletes have used this event as an early season test of their fitness (before the championships that start in late May and June), there are races for small children from the community, Youth teams, and Masters athletes.
A full day is largely devoted to High School events, attracting the top Southern California talent as well as others from out of town.
International High School athletes from as far away as Australia and New Zealand have competed here, Mexico is represented regularly.
There is a "Distance Carnival" which provides a rare (American) opportunity to run in a highly competitive track 10,000 metres race.
The meet is a popular gathering for many elite throwers.
Seven world records in throwing events alone, including four in the Discus have been set at the Mt.
SAC Relays.
A full multiple event competition associated with the meet (Decathlon for men and now Heptathlon for women) is held at Azusa Pacific University.
Racewalking events are held earlier in the month, with occasional elite races held on the day of the elite competition.
And with this meet being held at a Community College, there is a full competition for that level.
While the relays started in 1959, the first women weren't allowed to participate until 1961, with one race, a 440-yard dash, out of a 113 event schedule.
Past Directors of the Mt.
Sac Relays include Hilmer Lodge, Don Ruh, John Norton, Scott Davis and current director, Doug Todd.
Due to construction of a new Hilmer Lodge Stadium at Mt.
San Antonio College, the 2016 edition was held at Cerritos College in Norwalk and the 2017 and 2018 editions were held at El Camino College in Torrance.
Records.
Usage.
Polish.
In Polish, it appears directly after in the alphabet, but no Polish word begins with this letter, because it may not appear before a vowel (the letter may appear only before a consonant or in the word-final position).
In the former case, a digraph is used to indicate .
If the vowel following is , only one appears.
Cantonese.
It is used in the Yale romanisation of Cantonese when the nasal syllable has a rising tone.
Lule Sami.
Traditionally has been used in Lule Sami to represent .
However, in modern orthography, such as signage in Lule Sami by the Swedish government, is used instead.
Kazakh.
The Copenhagen Formation is a geologic formation in Nevada.
Areas it is found include the Antelope Valley region of Eureka County and Nye County.
Vulture Street is a road in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
It connects the inner southern suburbs.
Its eastern segment is known as Vulture Street East.
Geography.
Vulture Street commences at a junction with Montague Road, West End () and then travels east through West End, South Brisbane, Kangaroo Point and East Brisbane, where it terminates at a junction at Stanley Terrace () being unable to go further east due to Norman Creek.
It is known as Vulture Street East from east of the intersection with Wellington Road in East Brisbane.
It is long.
Significant landmarks and junctions.
His city of residence was Houston, Minnesota when elected, on November 6, 1906, which remained the same throughout his time in the Senate.
Born in Roscoe, Illinois in 1848, he moved to Minnesota in 1874, his occupation as a farmer.
Paraliparis csiroi, the loweye snailfish, is a species of snailfish found in the Eastern Indian Ocean.
Size.
This species reaches a length of .
Etymology.
The Philippine expedition was a two and a half year scientific expedition of the to the Philippine Islands.
It was the longest voyage of that vessel and, after the United States Exploring Expedition, was the second longest maritime research expedition undertaken by the United States.
It spanned from 1907 to 1910, and was directed by Hugh McCormick Smith, an ichthyologist and then Deputy Commissioner of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
Petar Gargov () (born 11 April 1983) is a former Bulgarian footballer and manager.
Career.
In his playing days, Gargov represented Bourgas-based Chernomorets, Neftochimic and Master as well as OFC Pomorie.
Gargov was formerly part of the Bulgaria U21 national team, receiving his first call-up in 2005.
The text is a Scots-language poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 but based on an older Scottish folk song.
In 1799, it was set to a traditional tune, which has since become standard.
"Auld Lang Syne" is listed as numbers 6294 and 13892 in the Roud Folk Song Index.
The poem's Scots title may be translated into standard English as "old long since" or, less literally, "long long ago", "days gone by", "times long past" or "old times".
Consequently, "For auld lang syne", as it appears in the first line of the chorus, might be loosely translated as "for the sake of old times".
In modern times, Matthew Fitt uses the phrase "in the days of auld lang syne" as the equivalent of "once upon a time" in his retelling of fairy tales in the Scots language.
History.
Robert Burns sent a copy of the original song to the Scots Musical Museum in 1788 with the remark, "The following song, an old song, of the olden times, and which has never been in print, nor even in manuscript until I took it down from an old man."
The song originally had another melody, which can be traced to around 1700 and was deemed "mediocre" by Robert Burns.
The first documented use of the melody commonly used today was in 1799, in the second volume of George Thomson's "Select Songs of Scotland".
The tune is a pentatonic Scots folk melody, which was probably originally a sprightly dance with a much quicker tempo.
There is some doubt as to whether this melody is the one Burns originally intended his version of the song to be sung to.
Should auld ac -- quain -- tance be for -- got and auld lang syne?
For auld lang syne, my jo, For auld lang syne.
As Scots (not to mention English, Welsh and Irish people) emigrated around the world, they took the song with them.
Versions of "Auld Lang Syne" which use other lyrics and melodies have survived as folk songs in isolated Scottish communities.
The American folk song collector James Madison Carpenter collected a version of the song from a man named William Still of Cuminestown, Aberdeenshire in the early 1930s, who can be heard singing the song on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website.
Lyrics.
The answer is generally interpreted as a call to remember long-standing friendships.
Alternatively, "Should" may be understood to mean "if" (expressing the conditional mood) referring to a possible event or situation.
George Thomson's "Select Songs of Scotland" was published in 1799 in which the second verse about greeting and toasting was moved to its present position at the end.
Most common usage of the song involves only the first verse and the chorus.
The last lines of both of these are often sung with the extra words "For the sake of" or "And days of", rather than Burns's simpler lines.
This makes the song strictly syllabic, with just one note per syllable.
Settings and quotations of the melody.
English composer William Shield seems to quote the "Auld Lang Syne" melody briefly at the end of the overture to his opera "Rosina" (1782), which may be its first recorded use.
The contention that Burns borrowed the melody from Shield is for various reasons highly unlikely, although they may very well both have taken it from a common source, possibly a strathspey called "The Miller's Wedding" or "The Miller's Daughter".
The problem is that tunes based on the same set of dance steps necessarily have a similar rhythm, and even a superficial resemblance in melodic shape may cause a very strong apparent similarity in the tune as a whole.
For instance, Burns' poem "Comin' Thro' the Rye" is sung to a tune that might also be based on the "Miller's Wedding".
The origin of the tune of "God Save the King" presents a very similar problem and for just the same reason, as it is also based on a dance measure.
(See the note in the William Shield article on this subject.)
Both of these classical versions use the original brisk strathspey rhythm.
In 1855, different words were written for the Auld Lang Syne tune by Albert Laighton and titled, "Song of the Old Folks".
This song was included in the tunebook, "Father Kemp's Old Folks Concert Tunes" published in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1860.
For many years it was the tradition of the Stoughton Musical Society to sing this version in memory of those who had died that year.
John Philip Sousa quotes the melody in the Trio section of his 1924 march "Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company".
English composer of light music Ernest Tomlinson wrote a "Fantasia on Auld Lang Syne" (1976), which in its 20 minutes weaves in 152 quotations from pieces by other popular and classical composers.
In the Sacred Harp choral tradition, an arrangement of it exists under the name "Plenary".
The lyrics are a "memento mori" and begin with the words "Hark! from the tomb a doleful sound".
Another Christian setting, using the name "Fair Haven" for the same tune, uses the text "Hail!
Sweetest, Dearest Tie That Binds" by Amos Sutton.
In a similar vein, in 1999 Cliff Richard released a setting of the Lord's prayer (as "The Millennium Prayer") to the melody.
British soldiers in World War I trenches sang "We're Here Because We're Here" to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne".
When sung.
At New Year.
"Auld Lang Syne" is traditionally sung at the conclusion of New Year gatherings in Scotland and around the world, especially in English-speaking countries.
At Hogmanay in Scotland, it is common practice that everyone joins hands with the person next to them to form a great circle around the dance floor. "), everyone crosses their arms across their breast, so that the right hand reaches out to the neighbour on the left and vice versa.
When the tune ends, everyone rushes to the middle, while still holding hands.
When the circle is re-established, everyone turns under the arms to end up facing outwards with hands still joined.
The tradition of singing the song when parting, with crossed hands linked, arose in the mid-19th century among Freemasons and other fraternal organisations.
Outside Scotland the hands are often crossed from the beginning of the song, at variance with Scottish custom.
The Scottish practice was demonstrated by Queen Elizabeth II at the Millennium Dome celebrations for the year 2000.
Some press outlets berated her for not "properly" crossing her arms, unaware that she was correctly following the Scottish tradition.
At other times.
The melody is also widely used for other words, especially hymns, the songs of sporting and other clubs, and even national anthems (South Korea in the 1940s, and the Maldives until 1972).
In Scotland and other parts of Britain, in particular, it is associated with celebrations and memorials of Robert Burns.
The following list of specific uses is far from comprehensive.
In non-English-speaking countries.
"Auld Lang Syne" has been translated into many languages, and the song is widely sung all over the world.
The song's pentatonic scale matches scales used in Korea, Japan, India, China and other Asian countries, which has facilitated the popularity of the melody in the East.
The following list of particular examples details things that are special or unusual about the use of the song in a particular country, and is (necessarily) not comprehensive.
Use in films.
Notable performances.
Recordings.
The first recording of the song was made on wax cylinder in 1898 by the Englishmen Charles Samuel Myers and Alfred Cort Hadden, who sang it in a demonstration of the new technology whilst on an expedition to record Aboriginal Australian music with figures including Charles Seligman, W. H. R Rivers and Sidney Herbert Ray.
The original 1898 recording can be heard online via the British Library Sound Archive website.
As a standard in music, "Auld Lang Syne" has since been recorded many times, in every conceivable style, by many artists, both well-known and obscure.
The first commercial recording was probably that of Frank C Stanley, who recorded the song in 1910 (which can be heard above).
In late 1999, an instrumental rendition by American saxophonist Kenny G reached No. 7 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 upon release as a single.
Thomas Michael Hennigan (born October 24, 1951) is a former American football player and coach.
He played professionally as a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions from 1973 to 1975 New York Jets from 1976 to 1978.
College career.
Born in Davenport, Iowa, Hennigan was raised in Washington, Iowa.
Following graduation from Washington High School, Hennigan attended and played college football at Parsons College in Fairfield, Iowa until the college discontinued their football program in 1970, whereupon he transferred to Tennessee Tech.
While at Tech, he was an all-Conference selection in 1972 when he helped lead the Golden Eagles to the Ohio Valley Conference championship.
The next season, as a senior, Hennigan was once again all-conference and a College Football All-America Team honorable mention as he amassed 110 tackles.
Hennigan was selected to play in the All-American Bowl at season's end.
Professional playing career.
Drafted by the Detroit Lions early in the fourth round of the 1973 NFL draft, Hennigan played three seasons at linebacker for the Lions.
After the 1975 season, in which he played only four games for Detroit, Hennigan joined the New York Jets.
He played three more NFL seasons for the Jets before a knee injury ended his playing career.
Coaching career.
Hennigan got his coaching start in 1980, working with spring drills at his alma mater before moving on to East Tennessee State for two seasons as linebackers coach.
He next served as defensive coordinator at Western Carolina University in 1982 and 1983.
After his defense helped Western Carolina reach the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship title game in 1983, Hennigan departed for one-year stints as linebackers coach at Memphis State University in 1984, and defensive ends at Temple University in 1985.
Hennigan returned to Tennessee Tech in 1986, beginning a twenty-year career on the coaching staff.
He served as the schools defensive coordinator from 1986 through the 1995 season, after which he was named the head coach for the Golden Eagles.
Over the following ten seasons Hennigan's teams compiled an overall record of 52 wins and 57 losses, with their best seasons being 2000 and 2001 when Tennessee Tech won eight games and seven games respectively and each year being ranked in the Division I-AA polls.
Citing personal reasons and health concerns, Hennigan resigned as Tennessee Tech head coach in July, 2006.
However, a week later he rescinded the resignation, instead taking a medical leave of absence.
In November, 2006 Hennigan informed the university that he would not be returning from the medical leave.
Personal life.
Mike Hennigan earned a bachelor's degree in Health and Physical Education from Tennessee Tech in 1973.
He and wife Leslie are the parents of four children.
Hennigan was named to the Tennessee Tech Sports Hall of Fame in 1986.
Caxambu is a Brazilian municipality in Minas Gerais.
Soon after he joined and Danish Crafts, displaying his works alongside many other notable designers and craftsmen.
Later on he would work for the Georg Jensen Silversmithy for a brief period of time and later move on to in the Netherlands where he would design their modern style of flatware and cutlery.
He then returned in 1962 to Denmark where he opened up a new pottery workshop and began to produce in addition to bowls, plates and other tableware, teapots, jewelry, and even flower pots.
The subject of his father has always been dear to his heart.
Ib Georg Jensen's primary dispute with the firm has been primarily a heartfelt concern about his father's image and rich history, and he has desired to uphold the Georg Jensen name and the quality and artistic beauty.
Exhibitions.
Designmuseum Danmark is Denmark's largest museum for Danish and international design.
International distribution.
It also was shown in Macau, Hong Kong, Spain, and Portugal.
Loss during World War II.
Unfortunately, all existing copies of the film were lost during the U.S. bombing of Manila at the end of World War II.
It was not the only film destroyed during the armed conflict, since there are only copies of five pre-war Filipino movies, none of them in Spanish.
Versions.
A Tagalog version, produced years later, was screened after the end of World War II in 1945 in major cities throughout the Philippine archipelago, but with very limited box office success.
The FSN transformed itself into a massive political party in short time and overwhelmingly won the general election of May 1990, with Iliescu as president.
These first months of 1990 were marked by violent protests and counter-protests, involving most notably the tremendously violent and brutal coal miners of the Jiu Valley which were called by Iliescu himself and the FSN to crush peaceful protesters in the University Square in Bucharest.
Subsequently, the Romanian government undertook a programme of free market economic reforms and privatization, following a gradualist line rather than shock therapy throughout the early and mid 1990s.
Economic reforms have continued, although there was little economic growth until the 2000s.
"Social" reforms soon after the revolution included easing of the former restrictions on contraception and abortion.
Later governments implemented further social policy changes.
"Political" reforms have been based on a new democratic constitution adopted in 1991.
This government fell in the 2004 elections amid allegations of corruption, and was succeeded by further unstable coalitions which have been subject to similar allegations.
During the recent period, Romania has become more closely integrated with the West, becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004 and of the European Union (EU) in 2007.
Revolution. 1989 marked the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe.
This time, however, the people turned angry and riot broke out.
During the events of the following week, marked by confusion and street fighting, it is estimated that 1,051 people lost their lives.
To this day, the real number of casualties are unknown and so are the identities of the individuals responsible for them.
Those responsible for the casualties are still called "the terrorists".
After a summary trial by a kangaroo court, he and his wife were executed on 25 December.
During the Romanian Revolution, power was taken by a group called the National Salvation Front (FSN), which gathered dissidents, both from within the Communist Party and non-affiliated.
The FSN quickly assumed the mission of restoring civil order and immediately took seemingly democratic measures.
In the aftermath of the revolution, several parties which claimed to be successors of pre-World War II parties were formed.
As a reaction, the FSN declared it would participate in the elections as a political party.
The announcement triggered a series of anti-government demonstrations in Bucharest.
The already tense situation was aggravated by press campaigns.
The newspapers, assuming either a strong pro-government or strong pro-opposition stance, issued attacks and tried to discredit the opposing side.
The FSN, having a better organisational structure, and controlling the state administration, used the press still controlled by the state in its own advantage.
FSN also organised counter-manifestations, gathering the support of the blue-collar workers in the numerous factories of Bucharest.
As the anti-government protesters started to charge the Palace of the Parliament, more groups of workers from around the country poured into Bucharest to protect the fragile government.
The workers attacked the offices of opposition parties, however the government intervened and succeeded in re-establishing the order.
These events were to be known as the January 1990 Mineriad, the first of the Mineriads.
On 28 February, less than a month later, another anti-government demonstration in Bucharest ended again with a confrontation between demonstrators and coal miners.
This time, despite the demonstrators' pleas for non-violence, several people started throwing stones at the Government building.
Riot police and army forces intervened to restore order, and on the same night, 4,000 miners rushed into Bucharest.
This incident is known as the Mineriad of February 1990.
Presidential and parliamentary elections were held on 20 May 1990.
The FSN also secured more than two-thirds of the seats in Parliament.
Petre Roman, a professor at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, son of Valter Roman, a Communist official and veteran of the Spanish Civil War, remained Prime-Minister (position he held immediately after the Revolution).
The new government, which included some former low-key members of the Communist party, promised the implementation of some free market reforms.
During the spring 1990 electoral campaign, the opposition parties organised a massive sit-in protest in down-town Bucharest, later known as the "Golaniad".
After the FSN won an overwhelming majority, most of the Bucharest protesters dispersed, however less than a hundred chose to remain in the square.
The police efforts to evict them and re-establish traffic in central Bucharest two weeks after the elections was met with violence, and several state institutions were attacked (among them the Bucharest Police and the Interior Ministry).
The freshly elected president, Ion Iliescu, issued a call to Romania's population to come and defend the government from further attacks.
The main group to answer the call were the coal miners of Jiu Valley, leading to the June 1990 Mineriad.
The miners and other groups physically confronted the demonstrators and forcibly cleared University Square.
After the situation calmed down, president Iliescu publicly thanked the miners for their help in restoring order in Bucharest, and requested their return to the Jiu Valley.
In December 1991, a new constitution was drafted and subsequently adopted, after a popular referendum.
Iliescu won the presidential elections in September 1992 by a clear margin, and his FDSN won the general elections held at the same time.
The FDSN changed its name to Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR) in July 1993 after the merger with several smaller left-wing parties.
This coalition dissolved before the November 1996 elections.
This coincided with the bankruptcy of the Caritas pyramid scheme, a major scandal at the time in Romania.
Economy.
Data from unless otherwise specified.
PDSR won the largest number of seats in Parliament, but was unable to form a viable coalition.
This coalition of sorts frequently struggled for survival, as decisions were often delayed by long periods of negotiations among the involved parties.
Nevertheless, this coalition was able to implement some reforms.
The period was marked by frequent quarrels inside the coalition, dubious bankruptcy of several major banks, and a general economic downturn.
Deteriorating living conditions provoked a new mineriad in 1999.
After several battles with the police on the road towards Bucharest, Radu Vasile succeeded in convincing miners' leader Miron Cozma to back down, and send the miners home.
Iliescu's Social Democratic Party, now renamed the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR), returned to power in the 2000 elections, and Iliescu won a second constitutional term as the country's president.
The opposition frequently accused the government of corruption and attempts to control the press.
The government was also accused of allowing local elected leaders of the PSD to gain significant influence over the administration of their region, which allegedly used the newly found power for personal interests.
Nevertheless, the Romanian economy witnessed the first years of growth after the 1989 revolution.
These projects however only had limited success.
In the aftermath of the 2001 September 11 attacks, Romania backed the US on its "war on terrorism", giving overflight rights to the USAF during the US invasion of Afghanistan.
The country's military also actively participated both in the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force and the US-led Operation Enduring Freedom.
In 2004, Romania was finally accepted as a full member of NATO.
The government successfully finalised negotiations with the European Union on most subjects, and 2007 was set as a tentative date for admission into the Union.
Presidential and parliamentary elections took place again on 28 November 2004.
No political party was able to secure a viable parliamentary majority.
There was no winner in the first round of the presidential elections.
Soon disputes appeared between the parties of the coalition.
Romania joined the European Union, alongside Bulgaria, on 1 January 2007.
After 2007.
The disputes between the PNL prime minister and the president ultimately led to the expulsion of the PD ministers from the government.
The PNL and UDMR formed a minority government, with intermittent support in Parliament on behalf of the PSD.
The relations between the president and the parliamentary parties other than PDL (formed after PD and PLD merged) remained tense for the following two years.
In late 2008, the government lost the legislative elections, while PSD and PDL won roughly the same number of seats.
An uneasy coalition was set up between the two parties, with the PDL president, Emil Boc, as prime-minister.
Scandals soon erupted, with the PSD Interior minister changing several times amid allegations of corruption.
Accusation of funds mismanagement were also made against the PDL minister of tourism, Elena Udrea, a close ally of the president.
As a result, Emil Boc expelled the PSD minister of interior from the government, and PSD left the coalition in protest.
Soon after, the Parliament approved a motion of no confidence, dismissing the PDL government.
Emil Boc was reinstated as prime-minister in a PDL-UDMR government, with the help of splinter groups of PSD and PNL.
In late 2009 and 2010 Romania was heavily hit by the worldwide economic crisis, causing several massive protests organised by trade unions.
The opposition and the press frequently accused the government of preferential allocation of funds to its members, as well as generalised corruption.
In 2009, President Traian Basescu was re-elected for a second five-year term as the President of Romania.
In 2014, Klaus Iohannis was elected as the President of Romania, and he was re-elected by a landslide victory in 2019.
In December 2020, that month's parliamentary election was won by the then oppositional Social Democrats (PSD).
Former Prime Minister Ludovic Orban resigned because of the defeat of his National Liberal Party (PNL).
USR PLUS (now USR) decided to leave the cabinet in early September due to the national liberals' tremendous corruption.
PNL has eight ministers, PSD nine and three from the ethnic Hungarian UDMR group.
His most notable works are "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1865) and its sequel "Through the Looking-Glass" (1871).
He was noted for his facility with word play, logic, and fantasy.
His poems "Jabberwocky" (1871) and "The Hunting of the Snark" (1876) are classified in the genre of literary nonsense.
Carroll came from a family of high-church Anglicans, and developed a long relationship with Christ Church, Oxford, where he lived for most of his life as a scholar and teacher.
An avid puzzler, Carroll created the word ladder puzzle (which he then called "Doublets"), which he published in his weekly column for "Vanity Fair" magazine between 1879 and 1881.
In 1982 a memorial stone to Carroll was unveiled at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works.
Early life.
Dodgson's family was predominantly northern English, conservative, and high-church Anglican.
Most of his male ancestors were army officers or Anglican clergymen.
His great-grandfather, Charles Dodgson, had risen through the ranks of the church to become the Bishop of Elphin in rural Ireland.
His paternal grandfather, another Charles, had been an army captain, killed in action in Ireland in 1803, when his two sons were hardly more than babies.
The older of these sons, yet another Charles Dodgson, was Carroll's father.
He went to Westminster School and then to Christ Church, Oxford.
He reverted to the other family tradition and took holy orders.
He was mathematically gifted and won a double first degree, which could have been the prelude to a brilliant academic career.
Instead, he married his first cousin Frances Jane Lutwidge in 1830 and became a country parson.
Dodgson was born on 27 January 1832 at All Saints' Vicarage in Daresbury, Cheshire, the oldest boy and the third oldest of 11 children.
When he was 11, his father was given the living of Croft-on-Tees, Yorkshire, and the whole family moved to the spacious rectory.
This remained their home for the next 25 years.
Charles' father was an active and highly conservative cleric of the Church of England who later became the Archdeacon of Richmond and involved himself, sometimes influentially, in the intense religious disputes that were dividing the church.
He was high-church, inclining toward Anglo-Catholicism, an admirer of John Henry Newman and the Tractarian movement, and did his best to instil such views in his children.
However, Charles developed an ambivalent relationship with his father's values and with the Church of England as a whole.
During his early youth, Dodgson was educated at home.
At the age of twelve he was sent to Richmond Grammar School (now part of Richmond School) in Richmond, North Yorkshire.
I can honestly say that if I could have been ... secure from annoyance at night, the hardships of the daily life would have been comparative trifles to bear."
He did not claim he suffered from bullying, but cited little boys as the main targets of older bullies at Rugby.
Stuart Dodgson Collingwood, Dodgson's nephew, wrote that "even though it is hard for those who have only known him as the gentle and retiring don to believe it, it is nevertheless true that long after he left school, his name was remembered as that of a boy who knew well how to use his fists in defence of a righteous cause", which is the protection of the smaller boys.
Scholastically, though, he excelled with apparent ease.
"I have not had a more promising boy at his age since I came to Rugby", observed mathematics master R. B.
Mayor.
He left Rugby at the end of 1849 and matriculated at the University of Oxford in May 1850 as a member of his father's old college, Christ Church.
After waiting for rooms in college to become available, he went into residence in January 1851.
He had been at Oxford only two days when he received a summons home.
His early academic career veered between high promise and irresistible distraction.
He did not always work hard, but was exceptionally gifted, and achievement came easily to him.
In 1852, he obtained first-class honours in Mathematics Moderations and was soon afterwards nominated to a Studentship by his father's old friend Canon Edward Pusey.
In 1854, he obtained first-class honours in the Final Honours School of Mathematics, standing first on the list, and thus graduated as Bachelor of Arts.
He remained at Christ Church studying and teaching, but the next year he failed an important scholarship exam through his self-confessed inability to apply himself to study.
Even so, his talent as a mathematician won him the Christ Church Mathematical Lectureship in 1855, which he continued to hold for the next 26 years.
Despite early unhappiness, Dodgson remained at Christ Church, in various capacities, until his death, including that of Sub-Librarian of the Christ Church library, where his office was close to the Deanery, where Alice Liddell lived.
Character and appearance.
Health problems.
The young adult Charles Dodgson was about tall and slender, and he had curly brown hair and blue or grey eyes (depending on the account).
He was described in later life as somewhat asymmetrical, and as carrying himself rather stiffly and awkwardly, although this might be on account of a knee injury sustained in middle age.
As a very young child, he suffered a fever that left him deaf in one ear.
At the age of 17, he suffered a severe attack of whooping cough, which was probably responsible for his chronically weak chest in later life.
The stammer has always been a significant part of the image of Dodgson.
While one apocryphal story says that he stammered only in adult company and was free and fluent with children, there is no evidence to support this idea.
Many children of his acquaintance remembered the stammer, while many adults failed to notice it.
He did indeed refer to himself as a dodo, but whether or not this reference was to his stammer is simply speculation.
Dodgson's stammer did trouble him, but it was never so debilitating that it prevented him from applying his other personal qualities to do well in society.
He lived in a time when people commonly devised their own amusements and when singing and recitation were required social skills, and the young Dodgson was well equipped to be an engaging entertainer.
He could reportedly sing at a passable level and was not afraid to do so before an audience.
He was also adept at mimicry and storytelling, and reputedly quite good at charades.
Social connections.
In the interim between his early published writings and the success of the "Alice" books, Dodgson began to move in the pre-Raphaelite social circle.
He first met John Ruskin in 1857 and became friendly with him.
Around 1863, he developed a close relationship with Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his family.
He would often take pictures of the family in the garden of the Rossetti's house in Chelsea, London.
He also knew William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, and Arthur Hughes, among other artists.
Politics, religion, and philosophy.
In broad terms, Dodgson has traditionally been regarded as politically, religiously, and personally conservative.
Martin Gardner labels Dodgson as a Tory who was "awed by lords and inclined to be snobbish towards inferiors".
William Tuckwell, in his "Reminiscences of Oxford" (1900), regarded him as "austere, shy, precise, absorbed in mathematical reverie, watchfully tenacious of his dignity, stiffly conservative in political, theological, social theory, his life mapped out in squares like Alice's landscape".
Dodgson was ordained a deacon in the Church of England on 22 December 1861.
In "The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll", the editor states that "his Diary is full of such modest depreciations of himself and his work, interspersed with earnest prayers (too sacred and private to be reproduced here) that God would forgive him the past, and help him to perform His holy will in the future."
He was an early member of the Society for Psychical Research, and one of his letters suggests that he accepted as real what was then called "thought reading".
Dodgson wrote some studies of various philosophical arguments.
In 1895, he developed a philosophical regressus-argument on deductive reasoning in his article "What the Tortoise Said to Achilles", which appeared in one of the early volumes of "Mind".
The article was reprinted in the same journal a hundred years later in 1995, with a subsequent article by Simon Blackburn titled "Practical Tortoise Raising".
Artistic activities.
Literature.
From a young age, Dodgson wrote poetry and short stories, contributing heavily to the family magazine "Mischmasch" and later sending them to various magazines, enjoying moderate success.
Between 1854 and 1856, his work appeared in the national publications "The Comic Times" and "The Train", as well as smaller magazines such as the "Whitby Gazette" and the "Oxford Critic".
Most of this output was humorous, sometimes satirical, but his standards and ambitions were exacting.
"I do not think I have yet written anything worthy of real publication (in which I do not include the "Whitby Gazette" or the "Oxonian Advertiser"), but I do not despair of doing so someday," he wrote in July 1855.
In March 1856, he published his first piece of work under the name that would make him famous.
A romantic poem called "Solitude" appeared in "The Train" under the authorship of "Lewis Carroll".
This was then translated back into English as "Carroll Lewis" and then reversed to make "Lewis Carroll".
This pseudonym was chosen by editor Edmund Yates from a list of four submitted by Dodgson, the others being Edgar Cuthwellis, Edgar U. C. Westhill, and Louis Carroll.
Alice books.
In 1856, Dean Henry Liddell arrived at Christ Church, bringing with him his young family, all of whom would figure largely in Dodgson's life over the following years, and would greatly influence his writing career.
Dodgson became close friends with Liddell's wife Lorina and their children, particularly the three sisters Lorina, Edith, and Alice Liddell.
It has been noted that Dodgson himself repeatedly denied in later life that his "little heroine" was based on any real child, and he frequently dedicated his works to girls of his acquaintance, adding their names in acrostic poems at the beginning of the text.
Gertrude Chataway's name appears in this form at the beginning of "The Hunting of the Snark", and it is not suggested that this means that any of the characters in the narrative are based on her.
It was on one such expedition on 4 July 1862 that Dodgson invented the outline of the story that eventually became his first and greatest commercial success.
He told the story to Alice Liddell and she begged him to write it down, and Dodgson eventually (after much delay) presented her with a handwritten, illustrated manuscript entitled "Alice's Adventures Under Ground" in November 1864.
Before this, the family of friend and mentor George MacDonald read Dodgson's incomplete manuscript, and the enthusiasm of the MacDonald children encouraged Dodgson to seek publication.
In 1863, he had taken the unfinished manuscript to Macmillan the publisher, who liked it immediately.
Annotated versions provide insights into many of the ideas and hidden meanings that are prevalent in these books.
Critical literature has often proposed Freudian interpretations of the book as "a descent into the dark world of the subconscious", as well as seeing it as a satire upon contemporary mathematical advances.
The overwhelming commercial success of the first Alice book changed Dodgson's life in many ways.
The fame of his alter ego "Lewis Carroll" soon spread around the world.
He was inundated with fan mail and with sometimes unwanted attention.
Indeed, according to one popular story, Queen Victoria herself enjoyed "Alice in Wonderland" so much that she commanded that he dedicate his next book to her, and was accordingly presented with his next work, a scholarly mathematical volume entitled "An Elementary Treatise on Determinants".
Dodgson himself vehemently denied this story, commenting "...
As T. B.
He also began earning quite substantial sums of money but continued with his seemingly disliked post at Christ Church.
Late in 1871, he published the sequel "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There".
(The title page of the first edition erroneously gives "1872" as the date of publication.)
Its somewhat darker mood possibly reflects changes in Dodgson's life.
His father's death in 1868 plunged him into a depression that lasted some years.
The Hunting of the Snark.
In 1876, Dodgson produced his next great work, "The Hunting of the Snark", a fantastical "nonsense" poem, with illustrations by Henry Holiday, exploring the adventures of a bizarre crew of nine tradesmen and one beaver, who set off to find the snark.
It received largely mixed reviews from Carroll's contemporary reviewers, but was enormously popular with the public, having been reprinted seventeen times between 1876 and 1908, and has seen various adaptations into musicals, opera, theatre, plays and music.
Painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti reputedly became convinced that the poem was about him.
Sylvie and Bruno.
In 1895, 30 years after the publication of his masterpieces, Carroll attempted a comeback, producing a two-volume tale of the fairy siblings Sylvie and Bruno.
Carroll entwines two plots set in two alternative worlds, one set in rural England and the other in the fairytale kingdoms of Elfland, Outland, and others.
The fairytale world satirizes English society, and more specifically the world of academia.
"Sylvie and Bruno" came out in two volumes and is considered a lesser work, although it has remained in print for over a century.
In 1856, Dodgson took up the new art form of photography under the influence first of his uncle Skeffington Lutwidge, and later of his Oxford friend Reginald Southey.
He soon excelled at the art and became a well-known gentleman-photographer, and he seems even to have toyed with the idea of making a living out of it in his very early years.
His pictures of children were taken with a parent in attendance and many of the pictures were taken in the Liddell garden because natural sunlight was required for good exposures.
During the most productive part of his career, he made portraits of notable sitters such as John Everett Millais, Ellen Terry, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Julia Margaret Cameron, Michael Faraday, Lord Salisbury, and Alfred Tennyson.
By the time that Dodgson abruptly ceased photography (1880, after 24 years), he had established his own studio on the roof of Tom Quad, created around 3,000 images, and was an amateur master of the medium, though fewer than 1,000 images have survived time and deliberate destruction.
He stopped taking photographs because keeping his studio working was too time-consuming.
Popular taste changed with the advent of Modernism, affecting the types of photographs that he produced.
Inventions.
To promote letter writing, Dodgson invented "The Wonderland Postage-Stamp Case" in 1889.
This was a cloth-backed folder with twelve slots, two marked for inserting the most commonly used penny stamp, and one each for the other current denominations up to one shilling.
The folder was then put into a slipcase decorated with a picture of Alice on the front and the Cheshire Cat on the back.
The pack included a copy of a pamphlet version of this lecture.
Another invention was a writing tablet called the nyctograph that allowed note-taking in the dark, thus eliminating the need to get out of bed and strike a light when one woke with an idea.
The device consisted of a gridded card with sixteen squares and a system of symbols representing an alphabet of Dodgson's design, using letter shapes similar to the Graffiti writing system on a Palm device.
He also devised a number of games, including an early version of what today is known as Scrabble.
Devised some time in 1878, he invented the "doublet" (see word ladder), a form of brain-teaser that is still popular today, changing one word into another by altering one letter at a time, each successive change always resulting in a genuine word.
The games and puzzles of Lewis Carroll were the subject of Martin Gardner's March 1960 Mathematical Games column in "Scientific American".
He also proposed alternative systems of parliamentary representation.
He proposed the so-called Dodgson's method, using the Condorcet method.
In 1884, he proposed a proportional representation system based on multi-member districts, each voter casting only a single vote, quotas as minimum requirements to take seats, and votes transferable by candidates through what is now called Liquid democracy.
Mathematical work.
Within the academic discipline of mathematics, Dodgson worked primarily in the fields of geometry, linear and matrix algebra, mathematical logic, and recreational mathematics, producing nearly a dozen books under his real name.
His occupation as Mathematical Lecturer at Christ Church gave him some financial security.
Mathematical logic.
His work in the field of mathematical logic attracted renewed interest in the late 20th century.
Martin Gardner's book on logic machines and diagrams and William Warren Bartley's posthumous publication of the second part of Dodgson's symbolic logic book have sparked a reevaluation of Dodgson's contributions to symbolic logic.
It is recognized that in his "Symbolic Logic Part II", Dodgson introduced the Method of Trees, the earliest modern use of a truth tree.
Algebra.
Robbins' and Rumsey's investigation of Dodgson condensation, a method of evaluating determinants, led them to the alternating sign matrix conjecture, now a theorem.
Recreational mathematics.
The discovery in the 1990s of additional ciphers that Dodgson had constructed, in addition to his "Memoria Technica", showed that he had employed sophisticated mathematical ideas in their creation.
Correspondence.
Dodgson wrote and received as many as 98,721 letters, according to a special letter register which he devised.
He documented his advice about how to write more satisfying letters in a missive entitled "Eight or Nine Wise Words about Letter-Writing".
Later years.
Dodgson's existence remained little changed over the last twenty years of his life, despite his growing wealth and fame.
He continued to teach at Christ Church until 1881 and remained in residence there until his death.
Public appearances included attending the West End musical "Alice in Wonderland" (the first major live production of his "Alice" books) at the Prince of Wales Theatre on 30 December 1886.
The only known occasion on which he travelled abroad was a trip to Russia in 1867 as an ecclesiastic, together with the Reverend Henry Liddon.
He recounts the travel in his "Russian Journal", which was first commercially published in 1935.
On his way to Russia and back, he also saw different cities in Belgium, Germany, partitioned Poland, and France.
Death.
Dodgson died of pneumonia following influenza on 14 January 1898 at his sisters' home, "The Chestnuts", in Guildford in the county of Surrey, just four days before the death of Henry Liddell.
He was two weeks away from turning 66 years old.
His funeral was held at the nearby St Mary's Church.
His body was buried at the Mount Cemetery in Guildford.
He is commemorated at All Saints' Church, Daresbury, in its stained glass windows depicting characters from "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
Controversies and mysteries.
Sexuality.
He argues that Dodgson may have wanted to marry the 11-year-old Alice Liddell and that this was the cause of the unexplained "break" with the family in June 1863, an event for which other explanations are offered.
Biographers Derek Hudson and Roger Lancelyn Green stop short of identifying Dodgson as a paedophile (Green also edited Dodgson's diaries and papers), but they concur that he had a passion for small female children and next to no interest in the adult world.
Catherine Robson refers to Carroll as "the Victorian era's most famous (or infamous) girl lover".
Several other writers and scholars have challenged the evidential basis for Cohen's and others' views about Dodgson's sexual interests.
Hugues Lebailly has endeavoured to set Dodgson's child photography within the "Victorian Child Cult", which perceived child nudity as essentially an expression of innocence.
Lebailly claims that studies of child nudes were mainstream and fashionable in Dodgson's time and that most photographers made them as a matter of course, including Oscar Gustave Rejlander and Julia Margaret Cameron.
Lebailly continues that child nudes even appeared on Victorian Christmas cards, implying a very different social and aesthetic assessment of such material.
Lebailly concludes that it has been an error of Dodgson's biographers to view his child-photography with 20th- or 21st-century eyes, and to have presented it as some form of personal idiosyncrasy, when it was a response to a prevalent aesthetic and philosophical movement of the time.
Karoline Leach's reappraisal of Dodgson focused in particular on his controversial sexuality.
She termed the traditional image of Dodgson "the Carroll Myth".
She drew attention to the large amounts of evidence in his diaries and letters that he was also keenly interested in adult women, married and single, and enjoyed several relationships with them that would have been considered scandalous by the social standards of his time.
She also pointed to the fact that many of those whom he described as "child-friends" were girls in their late teens and even twenties.
She argues that suggestions of paedophilia emerged only many years after his death, when his well-meaning family had suppressed all evidence of his relationships with women in an effort to preserve his reputation, thus giving a false impression of a man interested only in little girls.
Similarly, Leach points to a 1932 biography by Langford Reed as the source of the dubious claim that many of Carroll's female friendships ended when the girls reached the age of 14.
Ordination.
Dodgson had been groomed for the ordained ministry in the Church of England from a very early age and was expected to be ordained within four years of obtaining his master's degree, as a condition of his residency at Christ Church.
He delayed the process for some time but was eventually ordained as a deacon on 22 December 1861.
But when the time came a year later to be ordained as a priest, Dodgson appealed to the dean for permission not to proceed.
This was against college rules and, initially, Dean Liddell told him that he would have to consult the college ruling body, which would almost certainly have resulted in his being expelled.
For unknown reasons, Liddell changed his mind overnight and permitted him to remain at the college in defiance of the rules.
Dodgson never became a priest, unique amongst senior students of his time.
There is currently no conclusive evidence about why Dodgson rejected the priesthood.
Some have suggested that his stammer made him reluctant to take the step because he was afraid of having to preach.
Wilson quotes letters by Dodgson describing difficulty in reading lessons and prayers rather than preaching in his own words.
But Dodgson did indeed preach in later life, even though not in priest's orders, so it seems unlikely that his impediment was a major factor affecting his choice.
Wilson also points out that the Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce, who ordained Dodgson, had strong views against clergy going to the theatre, one of Dodgson's great interests.
He was interested in minority forms of Christianity (he was an admirer of F. D. Maurice) and "alternative" religions (theosophy).
Dodgson became deeply troubled by an unexplained sense of sin and guilt at this time (the early 1860s) and frequently expressed the view in his diaries that he was a "vile and worthless" sinner, unworthy of the priesthood and this sense of sin and unworthiness may well have affected his decision to abandon being ordained to the priesthood.
Missing diaries.
At least four complete volumes and around seven pages of text are missing from Dodgson's 13 diaries.
Most scholars assume that the diary material was removed by family members in the interests of preserving the family name, but this has not been proven.
During this period, Dodgson began experiencing great mental and spiritual anguish and confessing to an overwhelming sense of his own sin.
This was also the period of time when he composed his extensive love poetry, leading to speculation that the poems may have been autobiographical.
Many theories have been put forward to explain the missing material.
A popular explanation for one missing page (27 June 1863) is that it might have been torn out to conceal a proposal of marriage on that day by Dodgson to the 11-year-old Alice Liddell.
However, there has never been any evidence to suggest this, and a paper suggests evidence to the contrary which was discovered by Karoline Leach in the Dodgson family archive in 1996.
This paper is known as the "cut pages in diary" document.
Carroll's nephew Philip Dodgson Jacques reports that he wrote it well after Carroll's death, based on information from his aunts, who destroyed two diary pages, including the one for 27 June 1863.
Jacques did not see the pages himself.
The summary for 27 June states that Mrs. Liddell told Dodgson there was gossip circulating about him and the Liddell family's governess, as well as about his relationship with "Ina", presumably Alice's older sister Lorina Liddell.
The "break" with the Liddell family that occurred soon after was presumably in response to this gossip.
What is deemed most crucial and surprising is the document seems to imply that Dodgson's break with the family was not connected with Alice at all.
In his diary for 1880, Dodgson recorded experiencing his first episode of migraine with aura, describing very accurately the process of "moving fortifications" that are a manifestation of the aura stage of the syndrome.
There is no clear evidence to show whether this was his first experience of migraine "per se", or if he may have previously had the far more common form of migraine without aura, although the latter seems most likely, given the fact that migraine most commonly develops in the teens or early adulthood.
Another form of migraine aura called Alice in Wonderland syndrome has been named after Dodgson's book of the same name and its titular character because its manifestation can resemble the sudden size-changes in the book.
It is also known as micropsia and macropsia, a brain condition affecting the way that objects are perceived by the mind.
For example, an affected person may look at a larger object such as a basketball and perceive it as if it were the size of a golf ball.
Some authors have suggested that Dodgson may have experienced this type of aura and used it as an inspiration in his work, but there is no evidence that he did.
Dodgson also had two attacks in which he lost consciousness.
He was diagnosed by a Dr. Morshead, Dr. Brooks, and Dr. Stedman, and they believed the attack and a consequent attack to be an "epileptiform" seizure (initially thought to be fainting, but Brooks changed his mind).
Some have concluded from this that he had this condition for his entire life, but there is no evidence of this in his diaries beyond the diagnosis of the two attacks already mentioned.
Some authors, Sadi Ranson in particular, have suggested that Carroll may have had temporal lobe epilepsy in which consciousness is not always completely lost but altered, and in which the symptoms mimic many of the same experiences as Alice in Wonderland.
Carroll had at least one incident in which he suffered full loss of consciousness and awoke with a bloody nose, which he recorded in his diary and noted that the episode left him not feeling himself for "quite sometime afterward".
This attack was diagnosed as possibly "epileptiform" and Carroll himself later wrote of his "seizures" in the same diary.
Most of the standard diagnostic tests of today were not available in the nineteenth century.
Yvonne Hart, consultant neurologist at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, considered Dodgson's symptoms.
Her conclusion, quoted in Jenny Woolf's 2010 "The Mystery of Lewis Carroll", is that Dodgson very likely had migraine and may have had epilepsy, but she emphasises that she would have considerable doubt about making a diagnosis of epilepsy without further information.
Legacy.
There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life.
Copenhagen Street in Islington, north London is the location of the Lewis Carroll Children's Library.
In 1982, his great-nephew unveiled a memorial stone to him in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey.
In January 1994, an asteroid, 6984 Lewiscarroll, was discovered and named after Carroll.
The Lewis Carroll Centenary Wood near his birthplace in Daresbury opened in 2000.
As Carroll was born in All Saints' Vicarage, he is commemorated at All Saints' Church, Daresbury by stained glass windows depicting characters from "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
Louie Romero (born July 5, 2000) is a Filipino volleyball player.
She is currently playing as a setter for the Adamson Lady Falcons in the UAAP women's volleyball tournaments.
Career.
Romero made her first game appearance with Adamson Lady Falcons in the 2019 PVL Collegiate Conference where her team won the title against Ateneo.
She was awarded "Most Valuable Player (Finals)" on that season.
She made her first game appearance in the UAAP in 2020 where she became the Rookie-Captain of the Adamson Lady Falcons.
Later on, the league was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2022, the UAAP came back after the league has been cancelled for 2 years because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
First Things First (1994) is a self-help book written by Stephen Covey, A. Roger Merrill, and Rebecca R. Merrill.
It offers a time management approach that, if established as a habit, is intended to help readers achieve "effectiveness" by aligning themselves to "First Things".
The approach is a further development of the approach popularized in Covey's "The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People" and other titles.
Summary.
Using the analogy of "the clock and the compass," the authors assert that identifying primary roles and principles provides a "true north" and reference when deciding what activities are most important, so that decisions are guided not merely by the "clock" of scheduling but by the "compass" of purpose and values.
Asserting that people have a need "to live, to love, to learn, and to leave a legacy" they propose moving beyond "urgency".
In the book, Covey describes a framework for prioritizing work that is aimed at long-term goals, at the expense of tasks that appear to be urgent, but are in fact less important.
His quadrant 2 (not the same as the quadrant II in a Cartesian coordinate system) has the items that are non-urgent but important.
These are the ones he believes people are likely to neglect, but should focus on to achieve effectiveness.
Important items are identified by focusing on a few key priorities and roles which will vary from person to person, then identifying small goals for each role each week, in order to maintain a holistic life balance.
One tool for this is a worksheet that lists up to seven key roles, with three weekly goals per role, to be evaluated and scheduled into each week before other appointments occupy all available time with things that seem urgent but are not important.
This concept is illustrated with a story that encourages people to "place the big rocks first."
Delegation is presented as an important part of time management.
The tapioca industry of Thailand plays an important role in the agricultural economy of Thailand.
Tapioca is dried cassava in powder or pearly form.
Native starch is a powder obtained from plants containing starch.
Native starch is extracted from the root of the cassava plant, which has the ability to grow in dry weather and low-nutrient soils where other crops do not grow well.
Cassava roots can be stored in the ground for up to 24 months, and for some varieties for up to 36 months, thus harvest may be extended until market conditions are favourable or starch production capacity is available.
History.
The Portuguese and the Spanish took cassava from Mexico to the Philippines in the 17th century.
The Dutch introduced it to Indonesia in the 18th century.
It is unclear when cassava was first introduced to Thailand, but one estimate is that it was imported from what is known now as Malaysia in 1786.
Cassava was first commercially planted in the south of Thailand, where it was planted between rows of natural rubber trees.
Much of it is planted in Songkhla Province.
Factories were established there to produce tapioca starch and tapioca pearls for export to Singapore and Malaysia.
Over time, the area of planted cassava gradually decreased due to the encroachment of rubber trees.
Cultivation then shifted to the east, to Chonburi and Rayong.
As market demand increased, its cultivation was adopted by other provinces, especially in Isan.
Types.
Two types of cassava are grown in Thailand.
Cassava grown in Thailand is mostly of the bitter type.
Production.
Cassava is grown in 48 of Thailand's 76 provinces.
The total area of cassava plantations in Thailand during crop year 2015-2016 was about , allowing the production of about 33 million tons of fresh roots.
Fifty percent of cassava plantations in Thailand are in the northeast region.
The five provinces with the largest cassava plantations are Nakhon Ratchasima, Kamphaeng Phet, Chaiyaphum, Sa Kaeo, and Chachoengsao.
Northeastern Thailand has the highest number of native starch factories (46 percent) followed by the east region (31 percent), central region (15 percent) and north region (eight percent) respectively.
Native starch factories are typically in the same areas as tapioca plantations.
Economics.
Thailand produces 28-30 million tonnes of fresh cassava roots yearly from some 500,000 households, worth more than 100 billion baht.
Nigeria is the world's leading producer of tapioca, but Thailand is the world's largest exporter with at least half of the market.
In 2017 it exported 11 million tonnes of tapioca products.
Its export goal for 2018 is 10.6 million tonnes.
Thailand accounts for about 60 percent of worldwide exports with an export value of some 80,000 million baht per year.
Important markets include Japan, Taiwan, China and Indonesia.
Tapioca starch from Thailand is also in demand by countries in Central America and South America.
Manchecourt () is a former commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
Couple from the Future () is a 2021 Russian science fiction comedy-drama film written and directed by Aleksey Nuzhnyy, with a co-produced by Leonid Vereshchagin, Anton Zlatopolskiy, and Nikita Mikhalkov.
The main roles were played by Sergey Burunov and Mariya Aronova.
It is scheduled to be theatrically released in Russia on March 4, 2021 by Central Partnership.
Premise.
The film is set in 2040.
The action takes place in Nizhny Novgorod.
The film tells about a couple who have been married for 20 years and want to divorce, but cannot, since it is very expensive.
And suddenly they fall into the past, on the day when he proposed to her to marry him.
Production.
In August 2020, it became known that the Cinema Foundation approved support for the production of a new film was directed by Aleksey Nuzhnyy, who had previously directed the film "I Am Losing Weight" (2018).
The film was produced with the assistance of Nikita Mikhalkov's Studio TriTe and the Russia-1 network with the support of the Russian Cinema Fund Analytics.
Casting.
Sergey Burunov and Mariya Aronova also had a pleasant time on the set, and acted exactly like a couple from the film.
Both performers graduated from the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute.
Filming.
Principal photography took place in September 2020 at the M. Gorky Nizhny Novgorod State Academic Drama Theatre, where the townspeople performed as extras in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
In October 2020, they were held in the administrative okrug of Moscow (Zelenograd).
Release.
Theatrical.
The pre-premiere event was held on March 1, 2021 at the "Karo 11 October" cinema in Moscow, and will go on commercial screenings on March 4 of that year.
The release of the film "Couple from the Future" on the big screens is scheduled for March 4, 2021 by Central Partnership.
Reception.
A review by Russian Gazette noted that "the film is a combination of many genres, from rom-com to cyberpunk satire.
Obuasi Municipal Assembly is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana.
The municipality is the southern part of Ashanti Region and has Obuasi as its capital town.
Resources.
Geography.
The Municipality is located at the southern part of Ashanti between latitude 5.35N and 5.65N and longitude 6.35N and 6.90N.
There are 53 villages in the Municipality which share 19 electoral areas.
It is bounded to the east by the Adansi South District, west by Amansie Central District and to the north by the Adansi North District.
It has Obuasi as its Administrative Capital, where the famous and rich Obuasi Gold Mine is located.
Climate and topography.
The Municipality has a rather undulating topography and the climate is of the semi-equatorial type with a double rainfall regime.
Mean annual rainfall ranges between 1250mm and 1750mm.
The vegetation is predominantly a degraded and semi-deciduous forest.
The forest consists of limited species of hardwood which are harvested as lumber.
The Inception Score (IS) is an algorithm used to assess the quality of images created by a generative image model such as a generative adversarial network (GAN).
The score is calculated based on the output of a separate, pretrained Inceptionv3 image classification model applied to a sample of (typically around 30,000) images generated by the generative model.
While the Inception Score only evaluates the distribution of generated images, the FID compares the distribution of generated images with the distribution of a set of real images ("ground truth").
Definition.
The space of labels is finite.
Tasmeen Granger (born 12 August 1994) is a Zimbabwean cricketer.
She represented Zimbabwe in ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier in 2013 and 2015.
In July 2019, she was one of four Zimbabwe women cricketers barred by the International Cricket Council (ICC) from playing in a Global Development Squad, due to play against Women's Cricket Super League teams, following the ICC's suspension of Zimbabwe Cricket earlier in the month.
In February 2021, she was named in Zimbabwe's squad for their home series against Pakistan.
In October 2021, Granger was named in Zimbabwe's Women's One Day International (WODI) squad for their four-match series against Ireland.
The fixtures were the first WODI matches after Zimbabwe gained WODI status from the ICC in April 2021.
The Magenta Foundation is a charitable art publishing house based in Toronto.
It was established in 2004 by MaryAnn Camilleri to publish work from both domestic and international emerging artists through exhibitions and publications.
Magenta publications and exhibitions are circulated in Canada and abroad, and the foundation brings international contemporary art to Canadian audiences.
In its 17 years, the foundation has created new arts programming in Canada to help change the visual arts community.
Through festivals, competitions, pop-up exhibits, and programming, the foundation has undergone many iterations since it started as a publishing house in 2004.
History.
After a decade working in New York, Camilleri returned to Toronto in 2004 and decided to create a photography compendium featuring Canadian photographers.
A nationwide call for submissions was put out, and by the December 2004 deadline, there were more than 1,100 submissions for "Carte Blanche".
"Carte Blanche" was the first time 230 Canadian photographers were highlighted in one publication.
In tandem with creating the compendium, an emerging artists competition, Flash Forward, was formed.
Over the years, the Flash Forward competition has become a staple of the foundation.
In 2008, the Toronto Star referred to Camilleri as "a one-woman publishing powerhouse."
Following the completion of Camilleri's first independent projects, Flash Forward and "Carte Blanche", the Magenta Foundation was born.
Since then, the foundation has developed a global network of like-minded individuals and organizations, which helps to bring international contemporary art to Canadian audiences and increase the profile of under-documented emerging artists.
Artwork submitted to Magenta's Flash Forward Competition for Emerging Artists has received international media coverage, with photos appearing in publications including The Guardian, The Washington Post, the Globe and Mail, and NPR.
Flash Forward Competition for Emerging Artists.
Since 2004 The Magenta Foundation has hosted an annual photography competition, open to photographers in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
Flash Forward is a career boost for young emerging photographers, and it is known as a reputable contest that gets artwork seen by a large group of people and launches careers in the arts.
In 2017, the competition was opened up to photographers anywhere in the world.
In 2019 four of the jurors of the Flash Forward competition withdrew in protest at the competition's financial sponsorship by TD Bank, in light of its financing the Dakota Access Pipeline.
The Flash Forward Competition ran for 15 years before ending in 2019.
Flash Forward jurors are influential photo editors, curators, and industry leaders, including Clare Vander Meersch of the Globe and Mail, Chloe Coleman of The Washington Post, Paul Moakley of Time Magazine, Liz Ikiriko of Toronto Life, Genevieve Fussell of the New Yorker, Lori Morgan of Air Canada's enRoute magazine, and Devan Patel of Patel Brown Gallery.
Flash Forward Incubator Program.
In 2012, Magenta introduced the Flash Forward Incubator Program, a digital-photography program for Canadian high school students.
The incubator is an extension of high school arts programming that prepares students for a transition out of high school and into a career in the arts.
The Incubator program is a nationwide initiative of gallery shows, publications, and festival partnerships.
Youth are mentored through all stages of their photography-based project, from conception to production to presentation.
The program has been designed to support critical and creative thinking, and to help students develop their work to show in a professional exhibition.
Designed for high school students in grades 10 to 12, the program is developed in collaboration with industry professionals and educators.
Students who participate in the program have a signature piece for their portfolios and a publication produced by Magenta Foundation.
The program culminates in a series of exhibitions that raise funds through silent auctions.
Exhibitions have been held in Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, and Newfoundland.
In 2019, 400 students from nearly 30 schools took part in the program.
Due to COVID-19, in 2021 the program was developed as a virtual program.
More than 6,500 students have participated in the Incubator Program to date.
Flash Forward Festivals.
Since 2010, Magenta has hosted Flash Forward Festivals.
Started in Liberty Village, the Canadian festival expanded to Boston where it ran for six years.
The Boston Flash Forward Festival was a four-day celebration of art and photography with a series of exhibitions, parties, lectures, and discussions from professional guidance to lessons in theory and practice.
"A big, flashy festival is coming to town, and it's coming from Canada," Art New England wrote in 2012.
In 2013, at the Boston Flash Forward Festival, a 500-foot strip of photography was set up at the Rose Kennedy Greenway called The Fence.
The open-air event attracted more than half a million people.
Flash Forward Flashback.
Flash Forward Flashback is an online publication launched to feature past and present Flash Forward winners through profiles and highlights.
Flashback invites guest editors to present photographers whose work they admire and host discussions relating to the medium and its usages.
Magenta POP.
Magenta held pop-up art exhibits in Vancouver and Pittsburgh, known as Magenta POP.
Their pop-ups brought creativity to outdoor public spaces in international locations in an effort to reach more people and unite artists and arts communities.
Pittsburgh's chapter of the exhibit was subtitled I AM AUGUST.
The art fair showcases projects by artists, publishers, galleries, and organizations who want to advance and strengthen Canadian and International art book initiatives.
Since its inception in 2016, more than 40,000 visitors attended the fair, and 300 Canadian and International vendors presented a diverse selection of mediums and interests.
The event was created as a way to support and grow the arts publishing community.
Approximately 8,000 visitors attended in the inaugural year.
The four-day event is held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre.
For its second iteration in October 2017, the annual event had 11,000 attendees.
Books.
Since 2005, Magenta Foundation has published and printed more than 100 books, including artist monographs.
Their high quality books feature photography, painting, and all visual arts.
The Yongan LNG Terminal () is a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal at Yong'an District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
History.
The operation of the terminal started in 1990 with 1.5 million tons capacity.
The terminal was expanded to 4.0 million tons capacity during the second phase expansion which was completed in December 1996.
It was then expanded again to 7.44 million tons capacity in the third phase of expansion which commenced in July 1996 and completed in December 2002.
Technical specifications.
The murder weapon has not been located either.
In 2009, a tribute website was set up but was targeted by vandals and naysayers who posted upsetting messages.
By 2008, Raonaid was said to have "achieved iconic status", according to Kim Bielenberg of the "Irish Independent", who remarked in one article that her image was still to be seen on the front pages of Ireland's newspapers on a regular basis.
The case has been compared in the media to other unsolved incidents such as the disappearance of schoolboy Philip Cairns in 1986.
Background of victim.
Raonaid Murray was born on 6 January 1982 to parents Jim and Deirdre Murray and lived in Glenageary, South Dublin.
Raonaid is the Irish name for Rachel.
She had two siblings, an older brother and an older sister.
She attended St Joseph of Cluny secondary school in Killiney where she achieved highly in her Junior Certificate before completing her Leaving Certificate examinations in June 1999.
She liked reading and poetry, with her favourite play being "Under Milk Wood" by Dylan Thomas, and hoped to one day be a success as a professional writer.
She wore a blue stud in her nose, was known for dressing in bright colours and pursued an active social life.
Murder.
It was to be the place where she was last seen alive.
She left at approximately 11.20pm, planning to meet friends again later, and started the 15-minute walk home.
It is believed that she argued with a man described as being in his mid 20s an estimated 25 minutes after leaving the pub in the laneway between Silchester Road and her home in Silchester Park.
Witnesses heard a female voice expressing a cry of "leave me alone", "go away" or something similar.
"Fuck off" was also heard.
This was followed by a scream.
Raonaid was stabbed four times in the side, chest and shoulder with a one-and-a-half-inch sharp knife while in Silchester Crescent.
Her murderer escaped and Raonaid staggered 200 feet before she collapsed and died from her injuries.
Raonaid was not sexually assaulted nor were her possessions stolen.
Investigation.
By 2008, more than 8,000 people had been interviewed and almost 3,000 statements taken.
There were 12 arrests.
The knife used to murder Raonaid has never been found.
Each year, Raonaid's family issue an appeal for more information.
These appeals for information have been renewed, particularly with authorities suspecting that any young people who may have witnessed the crime may now have reached the correct level of maturity to discuss what they saw.
Profile of killer.
A forensic profile of the killer suggested that it would be a young man, in his mid- to late twenties, single, living either alone or with his mother.
He would have been a loner, possibly with a drug problem, and may have been in psychiatric care at some point.
He would also have had a history of anti-social behaviour and would be unlikely to have had any intimate relationships.
The profile indicated a likelihood he would kill again.
Suspects.
They identified a number of mistakes and oversights in the original investigation.
On 28 August 2009, a website was launched by Jim and Deirdre Murray as a tribute to Raonaid and to generate awareness of the case.
It received 50,000 hits in its first two days.
Kurdistan TV () is the first satellite television station in Iraqi Kurdistan that started broadcasting in 1999.
It belongs to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and is based in Erbil, Kurdistan Region.
The channel broadcasts programs mainly in Kurdish and can be viewed using a WS International satellite system.
It transmits on the Eutelsat for Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, and on Galaxy 19 for North America.
Apart from its Kurdish language services, Kurdistan TV also offers an online news presence in Arabic and Turkish.
Thekilpadantan is a small town in Sri Lanka.
Chromosome engineering is "the controlled generation of chromosomal deletions, inversions, or translocations with defined endpoints."
By combining chromosomal translocation, chromosomal inversion, and chromosomal deletion, chromosome engineering has been shown to identify the underlying genes that cause certain diseases in mice.
In coming years, it is very likely that chromosomal engineering will be able to do the same identification for diseases in humans, as well as all other organisms.
Experiments of Chromosome Engineering.
In an experiment pertaining to chromosome engineering that was conducted in 2006, it was found that chromosome engineering can be effectively used as a method of identifying the causes of genetic disorders such as the continuous gene and aneuploidy syndromes.
The experiment was conducted by infecting mice with the human disease, ES, to see the effectiveness of chromosomal engineering in the gene identification of those diseases.
After much experimenting, it was found that manipulating chromosomes, or chromosome engineering, is an excellent and efficient method of determining underlying genes in genetic orders and diseases.
In the future, chromosome engineering will experiment in removing more common disorders such as asthma, diabetes, and cancer.
Wesly Roberto Decas (born 11 August 1999) is a Honduran professional footballer who plays as a defender for Motagua.
Club career.
Motagua Reserves, Atletico Independiente, and club trials.
Decas started his career by signing with F.C.
Motagua.
Impressing internationally with the U-20's at the 2017 CONCACAF U-20 Championship and the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup, he was offered trials with English Premier League team Liverpool F.C. and Dutch Eredivisie team PSV Eindhoven.
C.D.
Nacional.
On 22 July 2018, Portuguese Primeira Liga team C.D.
On 24 January 2019, Decas terminated his contract with Nacional saying, "I left because I wasn't playing and that affected me."
Atlanta United 2.
Early life.
Lopes was the only son of Henry Yarde Buller Lopes and Lady Albertha Louise Florence Edgcumbe, the daughter of William Henry Edgcumbe and Katherine Elizabeth Hamilton.
He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, before joining the Royal Scots Greys in 1925.
Career.
From 1936 to 1937, Lopes was aide-de-camp to George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon, the Governor-General of South Africa.
He left the regiment in 1938, when he succeeded his father as Baron Roborough, but he rejoined in 1939 with the outbreak of the Second World War.
Lopes served throughout the war, being twice wounded.
Lopes became Vice-Lieutenant of Devon in 1951, and then Lord Lieutenant of Devon in 1958, a post he held for the next twenty years.
Among a number of posts, he served as a Justice of the Peace and a governor of Exeter University.
Personal life.
Lopes was married to Helen Dawson, only daughter of Lt.-Col. Edward Alfred Finch Dawson of Launde Abbey and the former Myra Battiscombe (eldest daughter of Maj. W.B.
Battiscombe).
Descendants.
Through his son George, he was a grandfather of Harry Marcus George Lopes (b. 1977), who was married on 6 May 2006 to Laura Parker Bowles, daughter of Andrew Parker Bowles and Camilla Shand (later Queen Camilla after her wedding to King Charles III), at St. Cyriac's Church, Lacock, Wiltshire.
Coat of arms.
Victoria Tunggono (born 1984) is an Indonesian author.
Career.
Tunggono was born on 17 March 1984 in Ende, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
She studied at the Bina Nusantara University in Jakarta and the Maranatha Christian University in Bandung.
As a child, she was inspired by authors such as Paulo Coelho and Betty J. Eadie to write short stories.
She authored the "Nuswantara" trilogy of fantasy novels, about two Indonesian teenagers who discover a parallel world called Nuswantara .
The ONS Open Geography portal from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) provides free and open access to the definitive source of geographic information products, web applications, story maps, services and APIs.
All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, unless otherwise stated.
Lookups to relationships between levels in hierarchical statistical geographies.
Register of Geographic Codes (RGC) - the definitive list of UK statistical geographies.
ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD) for the United Kingdom - relates both current and terminated postcodes in the United Kingdom to a range of current statutory administrative, electoral, health and other area geographies.
Ashok Malhotra (born 1950, Pune, India) is an Indian professor, higher education professional and author.
Early life and education.
Ashok Malhotra is the son of Colonel A. P. Malhotra and Nand Rani Malhotra (Nando).
He is the brother of Lt. General Anoop Malhotra.
He graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology at Delhi in 1971 with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, and received a doctoral degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of British Columbia, Canada in 1978.
Academic career.
Malhotra began his academic career as a lecturer at IIT Delhi in 1978, where, although he earned much respect of colleagues, he earned flak of establishment for his bold and independent stance on work and academic policy.
He dismisses the fear of victimisation but forgets that late last year Ashok Malhotra, a lecturer who is immensely respected by his colleagues and was at the Centre of Energy Studies, was abruptly served with a termination notice.
But was later reinstated in the Mechanical Engineering Department.
Malhotra has been on the faculty of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, The University of British Columbia Canada and the University of Mosul in Iraq.
Supercritical fluids.
Malhotra has had special interests in supercritical fluids.
His Ph.D. Thesis was on supercritical carbon dioxide.
He has also worked on the optimal design of power plants using supercritical steam and written a book on supercritical steam.
Turbulent Prandtl number.
The Turbulent Prandtl number is a non-dimensional parameter required in convective turbulent heat transfer calculations.
The simplest model for turbulent Prandtl Number is the Reynolds analogy, which yields a turbulent Prandtl number of unity.
However, from experimental data based on air or water adjustments have been made to values slightly different from unity.
Its counterpart the Prandtl number is employed in laminar flow calculations.
However, most flows in nature are turbulent rather than laminar and therefore incorporating the use of turbulent Prandtl Number becomes necessary.
Its use can be entirely bypassed through more complicated and advanced heat flux modelling but challenges still remain in its formulation.
Ashok Malhotra and Kang (1984) showed through calculations in a circular pipe that the Turbulent Prandtl Number is not close to unity but rather a strong function of the molecular Prandtl number amongst other parameters .
They developed relationships between the turbulent and molecular Prandtl number that can be employed in convective heat transfer calculations.
He regularly shares his views on such topics with the wider online community through his blogs.
Radhika Menon is an Indian female Merchant Navy officer currently serving as the captain of the Indian Merchant Navy.
She is also the first female captain of the Indian Merchant Navy who also leads the oil products tanker Suvarna Swarajya.
In 2016, Radhika also became the first woman to receive the IMO Award for Exceptional Bravery at Sea.
She is well known for her rescue operation which she conducted successfully in June 2015 saving seven fishermen who were trapped for a week in a boat.
Early life.
She was born and raised in Kodungallur of Kerala.
She completed a radio course at the All India Marine College in Kochi and initially began her career as a radio officer at the Shipping Corporation of India.
Career.
After a brief stint with Shipping Corporation of India, she became a prominent cadet of the Indian Navy.
In 2012, she was appointed as the captain of the Indian Merchant Navy and became the first ever female captain of the Indian Merchant Navy.
In the same year, she took charge as the leader of oil tanker Suvarna Swarajya which weighs about 21, 827 tonne.
She was awarded the International Maritime Organization Award in November 2016 for her successful courageous rescue operation which she led from the front in June 2015 rescuing seven fishermen who were trapped at the Bay of Bengal in a sinking boat which capsized due to engine failure and breakdown of the boat's anchor as a result of a sea storm.
The Government of India nominated her for the relevant award recognising her national duty and also notably became the first woman to receive the IMO Bravery award.
Radhika also co-founded the International Women Seafarer's Foundation (IWSF) on 3 November 2017 along with fellow naval officers Suneeti Bala and Sharvani Mishra in Mumbai with the objective of motivating young women seafarers.
Eupithecia tshimganica is a moth in the family Geometridae.
It is found in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
Old Mandan High School, superseded by a more modern Mandan High School in 1958, in Mandan, North Dakota, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
After it served as high school it was Mandan Junior High.
Constructed in phases next to what was the Mandan Central School (1900, demolished in 1966).
Modern additions came in 1954, 1966, and 1977.
The 1966 addition is a comparatively small boiler room, attached to east (back) of the 1917 structure. 1976-77 addition designed by Ritterbush Associates provided classrooms for science, special education, and vocational studies in a one-story wing on the west side, and gymnasium attached to the northwest corner of the 1917 building.
It became Mandan Junior High School after the completion of the new Mandan Senior High School in 1958.
The school moved to a new campus in 2009 and the building was closed.
The building, including the 1954 and 1966 modern additions above, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 2017 (the 1977 addition was noted to "lie outside of the period of significance but do not detract from the integrity of the site."
They had not yet crossed the 50-year threshold).
The gymnasium portion of the 1977 addition was subsequently removed for conversion into housing.
It starred Charles Laughton as a ghost doomed to haunt an English castle and Robert Young as his American relative called upon to perform an act of bravery to redeem him.
It was remade as a TV movie of the same title in 1986 and again in 1996.
Plot.
His proud father, Lord Canterville (Reginald Owen), refuses to acknowledge that his son has disgraced the family name, even when shown in front of witnesses where Simon is cowering.
The father has the only entrance to his son's hiding place bricked over as proof that Simon is not there, ignoring Simon's pleas for mercy.
Lord Canterville then curses his doomed cowardly son to find no rest until "a kinsman shall perform an act of bravery" in his name, wearing his signet ring.
Next, during World War II, US Army Rangers are billeted in the castle, owned now by six-year-old Lady Jessica de Canterville (Margaret O'Brien).
One of the men is Cuffy Williams (Robert Young).
The Rangers encounter Sir Simon but rather than being terrorized, they humiliate the ghost with a mock haunting.
With Cuffy's help, Jessica overcomes her own terror of the ghost.
Jessica discovers that Cuffy is a Canterville by a distinctive birthmark on his neck.
Together, the two meet Sir Simon and learn the fate of their ghostly ancestor.
One night, Simon takes Cuffy on a tour of the family portrait gallery, recounting the cowardly act of each descendant.
Cuffy scoffs at Simon's misgivings and boasts that he is different.
However, when the moment of crisis comes, Cuffy seems to be a true Canterville and is paralyzed by fear in combat.
On a mission in Europe, he and another soldier are stationed with a machine gun to ambush a large group of Nazi soldiers on motorcycles.
Sir Simon appears with the signet ring, which Cuffy had left behind, and his attempts to encourage Cuffy make the young man even more apprehensive.
The Nazi convoy appears on the road.
His buddy fires and Cuffy feeds the ammunition belt.
All seems well until his partner is shot by a sniper.
He freezes, staring, unable to pull the trigger.
Another soldier knocks him aside and takes over.
Back in England, Cuffy reports himself.
Disgraced and leaving the Rangers for his old outfit, Cuffy is left alone at the castle while the others go out on maneuvers on the huge estate.
He is given another chance when Lady Jessica runs to tell him that she saw a parachute land in the woods.
She shows him how to drive there.
It is an unexploded parachute mine, a blockbuster threatening his platoon and everyone within half a mile with destruction.
He springs into action, positioning the jeep to drag the mine to a nearby ravine, but as he hooks the chain to the mine, he is again overcome with fear.
Cuffy recovers, hitches the bomb to the jeep and, after a wild ride with Sir Simon aboard, steers it into the ravine, where it explodes.
The courageous act finally frees Sir Simon from his centuries of bondage, and he can sleep at last in the garden.
A long time to wait, Cuffy observes.
Speaking of waiting, Lady Jessica asks Cuffy how old he is.
He picks her up and they both laugh.
Production.
The motion picture was shot at Busch Gardens in Pasadena, California.
This was the first feature film edited by Chester Schaeffer.
According to Laughton's biographer, Charles Higham, Norman Z. McLeod began direction of the film but was replaced after five weeks when he failed to win the actor's confidence.
When Dassin was hired to finish the film, Laughton assisted him with suggestions made out of hearing of cast and crew.
Robert H. Planck replaced William Daniels as cinematographer at the same time and is credited with the grainy texture of the black and white production.
Of Laughton's performance, Higham wrote that it combined "burlesque, melodrama, pathetic farce, the comedy of manners, and outright tragedy in a rich range."
Reception.
Ratu Vakalalabure held the chiefly title of Vunivalu of Natewa, one of the three senior titles in Cakaudrove Province.
He served as a Senator in the 1990s, becoming President of the Senate before winning the Cakaudrove West Fijian Communal Constituency in the House of Representatives in a byelection in 1996.
He was also a member of the Great Council of Chiefs.
Sue Whyatt is a former England women's international footballer.
Whyatt played for Macclesfield Ladies.
International career.
She came on a second-half substitute in the 64th minute.
Sun FM is a radio station serving Sunderland and large parts of County Durham in England and owned by Nation Broadcasting.
It is also available in Tyne and Wear.
Sun FM broadcasts on FM, as well as online.
The station plays a mix of contemporary and classic popular music alongside local news and travel.
As of March 2023, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 31,000, according to RAJAR.
History.
Wear FM.
The station was launched by the Sunderland Community Radio Station in 1990 and broadcast as Wear FM, based at the University of Sunderland.
Wear FM gained international acclaim for its community programming and social inclusion and won the Sony Award for UK Radio Station of the Year in 1992.
Wear FM ceased transmissions in 1995 when it was taken over by the Minster Sound Group, who relaunched the station as Sun City FM.
The station's studios in the Forster Building were taken over by the University of Sunderland.
Sun City FM.
Sun City took over when Wear FM ceased broadcasting in 1995.
Sun City 103.4's operator was financially penalised in that year by the Radio Authority for not fully adhering to elements of their Promise of Performance.
Sun FM.
A sale to Border Radio Holdings followed with the new owners rebranding the station as Sun FM.
In January 1999 Brian Lister joined as managing director.
Sun FM became part of the Capital Radio Group when they acquired Border Radio in April 2000 as part of a three-way deal with Granada TV.
In March 2001, Radio Investments Limited purchased Sun FM and its parent company Bucks Broadcasting.
This sale also included the other group station, Mix 96 in Aylesbury.
Radio Investments later became known as The Local Radio Company and, in June 2009, was itself acquired by UKRD Group.
In 2018, UKRD Group sold Sun FM to Wales-based radio operator Nation Broadcasting.
In March 2020, Nation Broadcasting bought neighbouring Durham Radio and Alpha Radio, merging the stations into Sun FM to enlarge the broadcast area to include large parts of County Durham.
Current programming.
Transmission.
Sun FM's transmission facility is located on farmland at Haining, to the south-west of Sunderland.
North Viking Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States.
The Zapotec salamander (Bolitoglossa zapoteca) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.
Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 435 km2.
He played a few games for the Hanshin Tigers in Japan (1997), before retiring.
Greenwell was nicknamed "The Gator".
He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
He was fourth in Rookie of the Year voting in 1987.
Greenwell was a leading contender for the American League MVP award in 1988, but lost to Jose Canseco, who had the first 40 home run, 40 stolen base season in baseball history.
Greenwell hit .325 with 22 home runs and 119 RBIs in 1988, setting career highs in all three categories.
Early life.
Greenwell was born in Louisville, Kentucky.
When he was five years old, his family relocated to Fort Myers, Florida.
He attended North Fort Myers High School, where he played both baseball and football.
Baseball career.
Major League Baseball.
Greenwell was drafted in the third round of the 1982 Major League Baseball Draft by the Red Sox, and was signed on June 9, 1982.
Although his play rarely reached the level of his predecessors, he provided a solid and reliable presence in the team's lineup for several seasons.
Well respected, he also served as the team's player representative for a time.
On September 14, 1988, Greenwell hit for the cycle, becoming the 17th player to do so in Red Sox franchise history.
Greenwell was inducted to the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2008.
"The Gator".
Greenwell received his nickname during spring training in Winter Haven.
He had captured an alligator, taped its mouth shut, and put it in Ellis Burks' locker.
Nippon Professional Baseball.
Greenwell signed with the Hanshin Tigers of Nippon Professional Baseball in 1997.
He did not return to Japan until late April.
He played his first game on May 3, and hit an RBI triple in that game despite having missed spring training.
Coaching.
In 2001, Greenwell was hired during the offseason as a player-coach for the Cincinnati Reds' Double-A affiliate in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Greenwell was also the interim hitting coach for the Reds in 2001, filling in when Ken Griffey Sr. was given a medical leave of absence.
Racing career.
Upon his retirement from baseball, Greenwell began driving late model stock cars at New Smyrna Speedway, winning the 2000 Speedweeks track championship.
In May 2006, he made his Craftsman Truck Series debut at Mansfield Motorsports Park for Green Light Racing, starting 20th and finishing 26th.
In 2010, Greenwell gave up racing.
Personal life.
Greenwell owns a ranch in Alva, Florida, on which he grows fruits and vegetables.
He recently sold the park, which is now known as Gator Mike's.
Greenwell's wife Tracy is a nurse, and they have two sons, both of whom Greenwell coached.
Buhoslavskyi is known for his work on textual criticism of the "Primary Chronicle".
Biography.
He graduated om 1907 from the RMT Music School and in 1912 from Saint Vladimir University (renamed Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in 1939).
He received his academic training at the seminar of East Slavic philology of .
From 1916 he was a master, associate professor, professor at the Tavrida National V.I.
Vernadsky University in Simferopol in Crimea.
From 1922 he taught in Moscow at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East, the , and Moscow State University.
From 1926 to 1930, Buhoslavskyi served as the artistic director of the All Union First Programme of the Moscow-based All-Union Radio.
From 1938 to 1945, he worked at the Gorky Institute of World Literature in Moscow.
He was the last Italian Governor of Eritrea and Amhara.
Biography.
Luigi Frusci was born in Venosa in 1879 and soon enlisted in the Italian Army.
He fought during World War I and -after Benito Mussolini took control of Italy- he enrolled in the National Fascist Party.
Frusci fought on the southern front for General Rodolfo Graziani during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.
In April 1936, during the Battle of the Ogaden, Frusci commanded the center column of three columns attacking the Ethiopian "Hindenburg Wall".
Later Frusci was the commander of the Italian "volunteers" of the 2nd CCNN Division "Fiamme Nere" in the Corps of Volunteer Troops ("Corpo Truppe Volontarie") during the Spanish Civil War in 1937 and 1938.
In 1939 Frusci become Governor of Amhara in northern Ethiopia, and later governor of Italian Eritrea until 1941.
During World War II, Frusci was the main military commander in the Italian Eritrea Governorate.
As a Lieutenant-General, he commanded Italian forces fighting in Eritrea during the East African Campaign.
He fought in the Italian conquest of British Somaliland, conquering the capital Berbera.
In mid-1940, Frusci oversaw the initial Italian attacks into the Sudan, conquering Kassala.
Later in 1940, even when ordered to do so, he chose not pull out of the Sudan.
Instead, he rebuffed the initial efforts of British and Commonwealth forces to retake the border towns.
In November, an assault on Gallabat was stopped short of its goals, the attacking force was hit hard from the air, and the position was re-taken by Italian ground forces.
After the British and Commonwealth forces crossed the border and launched an offensive in January 1941, Frusci also oversaw the defensive actions at Agordat, Keren, and the rest of Eritrea.
With the fall of Eritrea, Frusci became a prisoner of war.
In 1948 Frusci received from the Italian government the award "Commendatore dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia" and the next year he died.
Awards.
Noti (pronounced NO-tie) is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States, located in the foothills of the Central Oregon Coast Range between Eugene and Florence.
Per the 2000 census, Noti had a total population of 699.
History.
Noti's post office was established in 1913, when the name was changed from "Portola".
The first postmaster was H.G.
Suttle.
Suttle wrote that the name "Noti" was what a Native American once exclaimed in frustration with a white man.
The white man had not tied up a horse as the native wanted him to during a trip up the Siuslaw River valley, but rather continued on riding the horse to Eugene, leaving the Native American behind.
It was formerly located directly on Oregon Route 126, but after a highway realignment project in 1996 the school is now located on a quiet road called the "Noti Loop Road", and the highway passes just north of and behind the school.
Geography.
Noti and the nearby communities of Elmira and Veneta lie on the western edge of the southern Willamette Valley.
The Long Tom River passes through Noti after originating in the eastern side of the coast range.
Once reaching Noti, the river turns east, where it eventually enters the Fern Ridge Reservoir.
The river ultimately empties into the Willamette River in two locations.
Climate.
Economy.
Two lumber mills operate in Noti.
Swanson Brothers is the older of the two mills.
It began operations in 1937.
Swanson-Superior Forest Products has operated a small-diameter log mill in Noti since 1973.
It is now owned by Seneca Sawmill and known as Seneca Noti.
Hopwood DePree (born February 1970) is an American actor, author, comedian, filmmaker, entrepreneur and philanthropist.
After learning about the ancestral home of the Hopwood family of Hopwood Hall at Middleton, Greater Manchester, England, he moved from Hollywood to renovate and restore the dilapidated 600-year-old hall.
Early life.
DePree was born and grew up in Holland, Michigan, the son of Thomas DePree and Deanna, daughter of Herbert Hopwood Black (1911-2008), who was recruited to Michigan as a mechanical engineer in the early years of General Motors.
Black had been raised near Hopwood, PA and claimed descent from American Revolutionary War-era civil servant John Hopwood.
DePree's father was a politician (Republican), political advisor and the founder of a local insurance company.
After graduating from Holland High School, DePree moved to Los Angeles where he attended the University of Southern California.
Growing up, DePree did not like his unusual first name and chose to use the name Todd.
It was only when he became an actor that he reverted to his birth name.
Career.
After his performance in "The Last Big Attraction", director Whit Stillman introduced him to a producer who got DePree a deal with Warner Bros. to create, executive produce and star in his own TV show.
After a visit home to Michigan, DePree saw an opportunity to give back to the community that he grew up in.
He decided to convert an old, abandoned whip-cream factory into several sound stages and hire unemployed auto and manufacturing workers as crew members.
That factory eventually became Tictock Studios which has developed a training program, targeted at below-the-line workers, to get new crew members ready for work.
DePree was able to recruit Jeffrey Stott, a veteran Hollywood movie producer (Executive Vice President of Castle Rock Entertainment between 1988 and 2002), to help teach the training classes.
DePree was appointed by Governor Jennifer M. Granholm to the Michigan Film Office Advisory Council to represent broad areas of film and motion picture making, production of television programs, and commercials, and related industries in Michigan.
Hopwood Hall.
DePree has stated in interviews that when he was a boy his grandfather used to tell him bedtime stories about Hopwood Hall but he always assumed it was a fairy tale.
Decades later he discovered Hopwood Hall to be a real place, and still standing.
DePree was featured in the news when he moved from Hollywood to England to fulfill his dream of restoring the hall.
He has an agreement with the local council to be the new guardian of the vacant and dilapidated Hopwood Hall.
He is renovating the building and has received funding to help with costs.
He hopes to turn it into a community arts center.
In 2017, DePree began chronicling the renovation process of Hopwood Hall Estate with videos on his YouTube channel.
In 2019, DePree performed a multimedia stand-up comedy show called "The Yank is a Manc!
My Ancestors and Me" which he toured in Brighton, Manchester, London and Edinburgh.
In September 2020, it was announced that DePree secured a global publishing deal with William Morrow, an imprint of HarperCollins, and a six-figure advance for his memoir "Finding Hopwood", which was developed from his comedy show.
Focus was stated to be on repair works particularly around the roof, and provision of training and resources for volunteers.
Filmography.
The film received a limited U.S. theatrical release and was bought by the Sundance Channel after screening at 17 international film festivals.
At the age of 23, DePree was globe-trotting to promote his film.
"Good Morning America" called it "wickedly funny."
The Los Angeles Times called it "amazing".
He produced, directed, wrote, and starred in "The Last Big Attraction" in 1999, which received a nomination at the Hamptons International Film Festival and won three awards at the Newport International Film Festival.
DePree was one of the producers of the 2010 film "Virginia", directed and written by Academy Award winner Dustin Lance Black and starring Academy Award winner Jennifer Connelly and four time Academy Award nominee Ed Harris.
DePree and Rebecca Green were the executive producers of the 2010 independent film "Tug", written and directed by Abram Makowka.
One of his first roles was the defendant in a 1993 episode of "Doogie Howser, M.D." and he played Paul Watkins in the 2004 CBS TV movie "Helter Skelter", which was nominated for a primetime Emmy.
Philanthropy.
In 2012, DePree was honored by ArtServe at the 50th Annual Michigan Youth Arts Festival with an Inspiration Award for his contributions to students.
Additionally, he co-founded and hosts the annual Waterfront Film Festival held in the beach resort area of West Michigan.
The festival is a non-profit organization whose goal is to provide a "middle coast" venue for independent filmmakers eager to show their work to sophisticated audiences.
It is supported in-part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and was named as a top "Ten Fantastic Film Festival Vacation" by FilmThreat.com, and ranked in the "Top 5 Film Festivals" by SAG Indie in the Screen Actors Guild magazine.
In early 2015 FOX news announced DePree was partnering with ArtPrize to launch ArtPrize OnScreen.
September 2015 and was the first year for feature, short and documentary films to be added into the competition overseen by Hopwood.
In 2019, UK's Heritage Trust Network invited DePree to join their Board of Trustees and he accepted.
Politics.
Beginning in 2006, DePree worked closely in Michigan with the House of Representatives and Senate to craft a tax-based incentive program that would help bring the film industry to his home state.
He was called upon numerous times to testify for the Senate before the bill eventually passed almost unanimously in late 2007 and signed into law in April 2008.
Shortly thereafter, Governor Jennifer M. Granholm appointed him as an Advisor to continue to help bring the film industry to the state of Michigan.
Saints at the River is a 2004 novel by American author Ron Rash.
It is Rash's second published novel.
It is the winner of the Weatherford Award for Best Novel and has been used by several schools as a summer reading assignment for their incoming freshmen, including Clemson University, Temple University, and University of Central Florida.
Plot.
The story begins with a brief prologue description of a 12-year-old girl drowning in the Tamassee River, the boundary between Georgia and South Carolina.
From then on, the story is told from the point of view of Maggie Glenn, a 28-year-old photographer for "The Messenger" newspaper assigned to cover the story.
Part One (Ch.
1-5).
The story begins with the introduction of Maggie Glenn.
Together the "Loong Brothers" constitute a formidable political force in Sulu.
Background.
Loong is a native of Parang, Sulu.
He became one of the founders of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), rising to the rank of commander, but quit in 1974 along with seven other leaders to join the government.
He was married to Hadja Sitti Rasidam Loong.
Loong died on 30 June 2016 at the St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City due to liver cancer.
He was aged 69.
Political Activity.
Loong made his start as a powerful former MNLF commander turned political player who as a candidate gained the support of the ruling coalition under then-President Corazon Aquino.
He long maintained a private army despite government efforts to demilitarise Sulu politics, and the supporters of Loong and his rival Indanan Anni exchanging gunfire and attacks during the 1988 election for governor.
Tupay's current Chief of Staff is Sigfredo A. Plaza.
Negotiations with Terrorists and Kidnappers.
As Governor, Loong frequently acted as intermediary and negotiator when foreigners were taken hostage by kidnappers and terrorist groups.
In 1984, Loong assisted the United States and the Government of the Philippines in their efforts to free American John Ravinow and friend Helmut Herbst, who were held by bandits in a forested area of Jolo Island.
In 1988 he also conducted negotiations with rebels holding a Japanese amateur photographer, Shigehiro Ishikawa, and in 1992 for the release of two Americans (Carol Allen and Tracy Rectanus) and two Australians (Lynette Cook and her daughter, Cheree).
Shooting During 1992 Elections.
Philippine marines shot dead three of Loong's bodyguards when he tried to force his way into a polling station during the 1992 elections.
Election law prohibits candidates or their supporters from entering polling stations while voting or counting is taking place.
However, Loong was successfully re-elected for a third term.
1996 Elections.
Loong lost the 1996 election for governorship to Sakur Tan, supposedly when Munir Arbison shifted his support to Tan.
Advisor to the President.
Loong supported Yusop Jikiri in his 2001 gubernatorial bid, but in 2003 attempted to displace him in a hotly contested pre-election dispute within their party.
In mid-2004 Loong was named presidential assistant for Muslim Communities, and was key in securing Muslim support for President Arroyo's 10-point agenda.
Shortly thereafter, in November 2004, he was appointed the Undersecretary for External Affairs.
The Office of External Affairs was set up primarily to "liaison with constituency groups and build grassroots support for the administrations agenda and legislation," according to the Executive Order that created the office.
In September 2006 Loong again took the post of presidential assistant for Muslim Communities.
Return to Local Politics.
In late 2009 Loong competed for the 1st District representative slot as a candidate of Lakas Kampi CMD and won, returning to local politics.
As representative he has urged the government to refocus its efforts to address the decades-old rebellion in Mindanao.
He stressed that "the Philippine government needs to become fairer economically, more accountable politically, more responsible socially, more sensitive culturally, and provides equal opportunity to all -- they be Lumad, Bangsamoro or Christian.
Ultimately, this will facilitate resolving the Mindanao conflict not only by structurally addressing its root causes through the peace negotiations, but also by healing the deep social, cultural and religious gaps or misunderstandings."
Current Committee Memberships.
Rep. Loong is a member of the following committees.
Peace and Reconciliation Efforts.
Rep. Loong in August 2010 gave a speech in Congress urging both sides to "silence their guns" in the name of peace and development for Mindanao, and in September 2010 asked the national government to consider the formation of a national peace and reconciliation commission to formulate attractions to encourage rebels to surrender and return to the law.
Loong encouraged all line agencies in both the national government and the ARMM to prepare a comprehensive rehabilitation and development plan that will deliver basic services in conflict-affected areas in Mindanao.
He also emphasized that the national government should appropriate substantial budgetary requirement to fast-track all development efforts, especially those in conflict-affected areas.
Inquiry into U.S. Oil Drilling.
Rep. Loong in August 2010 denounced the oil drilling explorations being made in the South Sulu Sea by the ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Philippines BV (the Philippine arm of Exxon), saying that they were made without the consent of the province's local government.
He asked the House Committee on Energy (CoE) to conduct an inquiry into the drilling that started in late 2009.
(Mitra Energy Ltd. and BHB Billiton International Exploration Pty.
Loong said there is a need for the CoE to scrutinise Service Contract No.
56 (SC-56) entered into by the Department of Energy (DoE) and the ExxonMobil in order to protect and preserve the rich biodiversity and the economic growth and general welfare of the people of Sulu.
Loong emphasised in his resolution, that any contract entered into by the national government and ExxonMobil is also the primary concern of the people of Sulu.
Support and Criticism for ARMM.
In September 2010 Loong responded to the news that Governor Abdusakur Mahail Tan had sent a letter to President Aquino saying that the ARMM had failed its people and should be abolished.
Loong stated that the ARMM was created in response to the Moro rebellion, but said that in principle he did not disagree with the idea.
"If ARMM could not produce tangible result for the sentiment of our people then ARMM has no business to exist.
What I'm saying is, let's give ARMM a chance to prove if it is worthy," he said.
Business Activities.
The 1958 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958.
Incumbent Republican Joseph B. Johnson did not run for re-election to a third term as Governor of Vermont.
It is the fifth novel in the "Lost Histories" series.
It was published in paperback in June 1996.
It continues the short story "The Promised Place" from "The War of the Lance".
The connected short stories "Off Day" and "Ogre Unaware" from "The Reign of Istar" and "The Cataclysm" respectively serve as an indirect prelude to "The Promised Place" and "The Gully Dwarves".
Plot summary.
Ava is a feminine given name in English and in other languages.
Origin.
The medieval name "Ava" is an abbreviation of a Germanic name containing the first element "aw-", of uncertain meaning.
Old High German (8th to 9th centuries) dithematic feminine names with this element include "Avagisa, Avuldis, Awanpurc, Auwanildis".
Saint Ava was a 9th-century princess, daughter of Pepin II of Aquitaine.
Ava was also the name of a medieval German woman poet.
This name is the origin of the Norman French name of Aveline, which in turn gave rise to the English given name of Evelyn.
As evidence for the name is lacking between the later medieval and the modern period, the "Oxford Dictionary of First Names" supposes that it was coined anew as a modern innovation, presumably as a variant of Eva, or (like "Eva") used as an anglicization of the Irish name Aoife.
Modern use.
She became one of Hollywood's leading actresses from the 1950s to the 1970s and is the ultimate reason for the given name's continued popularity.
Recent popularity.
The name is popular in the United States, where it has ranked among the top 10 most popular names given to baby girls since 2005 and among the top 200 names given to girls since 2000.
The name has been rising in popularity in the United States since the mid-1990s, but had its most dramatic jump in popularity in 1998, when it was the 350th most popular name for baby girls, jumping 268 places up the chart from 618th place in 1997.
Ava was among the five most popular names for Black newborn girls in the American state of Virginia in 2022.
One factor in its increase in popularity in English-speaking countries may have been the naming of the daughters of actress Heather Locklear and musician Richie Sambora, in 1997, and of actors Reese Witherspoon and Ryan Phillippe in 1999.
Phillippe said in a magazine interview that he and Witherspoon named their child after actress Ava Gardner.
Description.
Title.
The Thakuri dynasty's existence is disputed by some historians.
Suspected of originally having been merchants, this dynasty is also known as Vaishya Thakuri.
Thakuri kings.
After Aramudi, who is mentioned in the Kashmirian chronicle, the Rajatarangini of Kalhana (1150 CE), many Thakuri kings ruled over parts of the country up to the middle of the 12th century CE.
Raghava Deva is said to have founded a ruling dynasty in 879 CE, when the Lichhavi rule came to an end.
To commemorate this important event, Raghava Deva started the 'Nepal Era' which began on 20 October, 879 CE.
Gunakamadeva.
After the death of King Raghava Dev, many Thakuri kings ruled southern Nepal up to the middle of the 12th century CE.
Gunakama Deva, who ruled from 949 to 994 CE, commissioned the construction of a big wooden shelter, built from the wood of a single tree, called "Kasthamandapa."
The name of the capital, 'Kathmandu', is derived from this.
Gunakama Deva founded the town Kantipur (modern-day Kathmandu).
The tradition of Indra Jatra started during his reign.
Temples to the north of the temple of Pashupatinath were renovated in this period.
Successors of Gunakama Dev.
Bhola Deva succeeded Gunakama Deva.
The next ruler was Laxmikama Deva who ruled from 1024 to 1040 CE.
He was succeeded by his son, Vijayakama Deva, who introduced the worship of the "Naga" and "Vasuki".
Vijaykama Deva was the last ruler of this dynasty.
After his death, the Thakuri clan of Nuwakot occupied the throne of Nepal.
Nuwakot Thakuri Kings.
Bhaskara Deva, a Thakuri from Nuwakot, succeeded Vijayakama Deva and established the Nuwakot-Thakuri rule.
He is said to have built Navabahal and Hemavarna Vihara.
After Bhaskara Deva, four kings of this line ruled over the country.
They were Bala Deva, Padma Deva, Nagarjuna Deva and Shankara Deva.
He established the image of 'Shantesvara Mahadeva' and 'Manohara Bhagavati'.
The custom of pasting the pictures of Nagas and Vasuki on the doors of houses on the day of Nagapanchami was introduced by him.
During his rule, the Buddhists wreaked vengeance on the Hindu Brahmins (especially the followers of Shaivism) for the harm they had received earlier from the Shankaracharya.
Shankara Deva tried to pacify the Brahmins harassed by the Buddhists.
Suryavansi (the Solar Dynasty).
Bama Deva, a descendant of Amshuvarma, defeated Shankar Deva in 1080 CE.
He suppressed the Nuwakot-Thankuris with the help of nobles and restored the old Solar Dynasty rule in Nepal for the second time.
Harsha Deva, the successor of Bama Deva was a weak ruler.
There was no unity among the nobles and they asserted themselves in their respective spheres of influence.
Taking that opportunity Nanya Deva, a Karnat dynasty king, attacked Nuwakot from Simraungarh.
The army successfully defended and won the battle.
Shivadeva III.
After Harsha Deva, Shivadeva the third ruled from 1099 to 1126 CE.
He was a brave and powerful king.
He founded the town of Kirtipur and roofed the temple of Pashupatinath with gold.
He introduced twenty-five paisa coins.
He also constructed wells, canals, and tanks at different places.
After Sivadeva III, Mahendra Deva, Mana Deva, Narendra Deva II, Ananda Deva, Rudra Deva, Amrita Deva, Ratna Deva II, Somesvara Deva, Gunakama Deva II, Lakmikama Deva III and Vijayakama Deva II ruled Nepal in quick succession.
Historians differ about the rule of several kings and their respective times.
The 2016 Monaghan Senior Football Championship is the 110th edition of Monaghan GAA's premier gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Monaghan, Ireland.
Ten teams compete, with the winners representing Monaghan in the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.
The championship begins with a back door system for the first two rounds before becoming knock-out.
Scotstown were the defending champions after they defeated Monaghan Harps in the 2015 final, and they successfully defended their title and also claimed a "2-in-a-row" of S.F.C.
Doohamlet O'Neills' returned to the senior grade after a 1-year absence since being relegated in 2011.
Carrickmacross Emmets returned to the top flight since relegation in 2013 after winning the Intermediate Football League.
However both of these clubs were relegated straight back to the Intermediate grade at the end of the season when finishing 10th and 9th in the S.F.L. respectively.
They will be replaced in 2017 by I.F.C. champions Donaghmoyne and I.F.L. champions Killanny.
Preliminary round.
The two teams promoted from the previous years I.F.C. play against two of the remaining 8 senior clubs in a random draw.
The 2 winners proceed to Round 1A while the 2 losers proceed to Round 1B (unless they receive a bye into Round 2B).
Round 1.
Round 1A.
The 6 teams which received byes in the preliminary round play each other and the 2 Preliminary Round winners play each other.
The 4 winners proceed to Round 2A while the 4 losers must play in Round 1B against the 2 losers from the Preliminary Round, however 2 of these teams will receive byes to Round 2B.
Round 1B.
The 2 losers from the Preliminary Round play against 2 of the 3 losers from the matches involving teams which received byes past the Preliminary Round (determined by draw).
The 2 winners proceed to Round 2B while the 2 losers exit the championship.
Round 2.
Round 2A.
The 4 winners from Round 1A play each other.
The 2 winners proceed to the semi-finals while the losers must play in Round 3.
Round 2B.
The 2 winners from Round 1B play and the 2 teams who received byes through Round 1B play in this round.
The 2 winners proceed to Round 3 while the losers exit the championship.
Round 3.
The 2 winners from Round 2B play against the 2 losers from Round 2A.
The 2 winners proceed to the semi-finals while the losers exit the championship.
Semi-finals.
He was traditionally presented in French histories as the conqueror and "Pacifier" of French Soudan (today Mali).
Archinard's campaigns brought about the end of the Tukulor Empire.
He also spent a large amount of energy fighting Samory Toure.
Bonnier had no instructions and decided to follow Archinard's advice, use his own judgement and seize Timbuktu.
He was killed on 15 December 1893 by a force of Tuaregs.
In 1897 Archinard was reassigned to French Indochina.
The 1999 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 1999 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.
It took place on 23 May 1999 at Le Castellet.
Championship standings after the race (500cc).
Regina Sterz (March 23, 1985) is a retired female skier from Austria.
She represented Austria in the woman's downhill event in the 2010 Winter Olympics, in which she came 14th.
The Haitian Campaign Medal was a United States Navy military award which was first established on June 22, 1917, and again on December 6, 1921 for American soldiers participating in the United States occupation of Haiti.
The medal was first intended for members of both the Navy and U.S. Marine Corps who had served ashore in Haiti from and or was aboard the cruiser and flagship USS "Washington" (ACR-11) or any of the other thirteen named ships of the United States fleet under the command of Rear Admiral William B. Caperton on July 9 through December 6, 1915, for the purpose of protecting life and property during a revolution in Haiti.
Another version of the medal was made in 1921 which was intended again for Navy and Marine Corps members who engaged in operations, either ashore or afloat in Haiti on April 1, 1919 through June 15, 1920.
For those eligible in both time periods a campaign clasp is worn on the 1915 version of the medal with a inch bronze star worn on the service ribbon.
Both the first and second versions of the Haitian Campaign Medal may not be worn simultaneously.
The medal(s) are no longer an active award of the United States Navy and is considered obsolete.
He was assassinated in 1871.
Career.
He was educated at Exeter Grammar School and Exeter College, Oxford, and then practiced as a special pleader.
In 1862 he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple.
In British India he worked as a Puisne Judge of The Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William till 1871.
Sir Paxton Norman was appointed as acting Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court in 1870.
Paxton Norman was unpopular among Wahabis for imposing heavy sentences.
He was the author of many legal treatises and papers, and also took active part in Calcutta University as the president of the Law faculty.
Death.
In 1871, while Norman was coming down the steps of the Kolkata Town Hall, an Indian Wahabi, Abdullah, attacked him and stabbed him to death.
He died on 21 September 1871.
This list shows places located wholly or partly within the Royal Borough of Greenwich in southeast London, United Kingdom.
Places in "italics" are partly outside the borough.
The chart shows the electoral wards, the United Kingdom constituencies, and the postcodes the places are located within.
For places only partly in the borough, the chart shows the wards, constituencies, and postcodes that only cover parts of other boroughs in "italics".
The borough is predominantly in the SE postcode area, with some small sections in the BR and DA postcode areas.
Postcode areas SE7 and SE18 are fully contained within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.
While SE2, SE3, SE8, SE9, SE10, SE12, SE13, SE18, SE28, DA15, DA16 and BR5 are partly within the borough.
The national dialing code 020 covers the entire borough.
The borough contains two constituencies, Eltham, and Greenwich and Woolwich in full, and shares a third, Erith and Thamesmead with the London Borough of Bexley.
Sophie Sonia Perin (born 1957) is a French model and beauty queen who was the first Miss International winner from her country.
Before her victory in Tokyo, Japan, in 1976, she competed as France's representative in the Miss Universe 1975 in San Salvador, El Salvador, and in the Miss World 1975 in London, United Kingdom.
The rugby union team currently plays in Primera C, the fourth division of the URBA league system.
History.
A field hockey section would be created many years later.
After occupying other clubs' premises for the first fifteen years of its existence, the club would acquire its own installations near Loma Hermosa in 1974.
Liceo Militar entered the URBA league system in 1962 and won promotion to the highest level of provincial rugby in 1970.
Today the team still plays at the highest level of URBA's league system, fielding teams at all levels.
Although Liceo Militar has won titles at underage levels, the team has not achieved senior titles to date.
Some of Liceo's most notable players throughout its history were Roberto Taschetti, Mariano Perasso, Daniel Solaberrieta, Alejandro Braceras, Rodrigo Garcia Estebarena, Nicolas Basile, Javier Carella, Juan Somoza, Ignacio Oliva, Juan Pablo Mendoza , Franco Schenone.
"Nino" Pauna.
"Veco" Villegas was also a notable coach.
Mark Tacher Feingold (born 15 September 1977) is a Mexican actor, musician, vocalist, guitarist, and a television host.
Biography.
Mark Tacher was born in Mexico City, Mexico, D.F.
Mark holds a degree in acting, has a background in music and singing, speaks three languages (Spanish, English and Hebrew), and has also modeled several brands of clothing and footwear.
He studied music, guitar, singing, and DJ at "Academia G. Martell" in Mexico.
From 2005-2006, Mark studied acting at "Tecnicas de Perfeccionamiento Actoral, La Verdad sin Esfuerzo" with the help from Prof. Nelson Ortega in Venezuela.
He's also acted in theatrical plays, television series, Mexican telenovelas, and has hosted several television programs.
As well as acting in Mexican telenovelas, Mark also starred in telenovelas in Venezuela and Colombia.
He received two awards, including best actor, in Venezuela for his role in "Mujer con pantalones" (2005).
In 1950 he graduated from Tartu State University in physical education.
From 1950 to 1966 he was a member of Estonian national escadron team.
In 1955 and 1961 he was the Estonian champion in fencing.
Strait Feronia is a passenger, freight and vehicle or ROPAX ferry owned and operated by StraitNZ as part of its Bluebridge subsidiary.
The ship is a twin of .
The vessel was initially named Mersey Viking and saw service in the Irish Sea, eventually being renamed Dublin Viking and then Dublin Seaways.
The vessel was acquired by the Stena Line and renamed Stena Feronia and saw service between Tangier and Algericas and later between Kiel and Gothenburg.
History.
The "Strait Feronia" was launched on 7 December 1996 as the "'Mersey Viking" for the Irish Sea ferry operator Norse Irish Ferries.
The ship was built by Cantiere Navale Visentini in Italy.
The ship entered service in July 1997 operating between Liverpool and Belfast.
She remained on this route until December 2005 when she moved to the Birkenhead - Dublin route.
Prior to transferring to the Dublin route the ship was renamed "Dublin Viking".
On 7 August 2007 a mooring rope at the ship's stern parted whilst preparing to depart Dublin.
Two people were injured by the parting rope.
A member of the ship's crew later died of their injuries.
Another name change occurred in August 2010.
The vessel was renamed "Dublin Seaways" following DFDS's acquisition of Norfolkline.
In January 2011 DFDS Seaways closed the Birkenhead - Dublin route.
The "Dublin Seaways" was sold to Stena Line and renamed "Stena Feronia".
On 7 March 2012 the "Stena Feronia" collided with the cargo ship "Union Moon" just before entering the fairway of Belfast Lough.
The "Stena Feronia" was holed above the waterline but was able to berth safely in Belfast.
She was laid up in Belfast before she covered for whilst she was off service when she was in dry dock at both Belfast and Falmouth at the beginning of December 2014, when the "Stena Mersey" returned to service "Stena Feronia" was removed from service on 21 December 2014 and was laid up in Belfast.
She departed Belfast on 23 December and arrived in Sweden after Christmas where she was laid up.
Starting from 26 January 2015 the vessel operated between Kiel and Gothenburg for eight weeks as a temporary replacement for the "Stena Germanica", which underwent a refit.
In early 2015 Strait Shipping in New Zealand purchased the Stena Feronia and renamed her the "Strait Feronia".
She was delivered in June 2015 after a 45-day sailing from Sweden.
Sister ships.
The "Strait Feronia" was the first of two identical ships built by Cantiere Navale Visentini for Norse Irish Ferries.
The 1999 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season.
It was the first season for new head coach Kirk Ferentz, who replaced Hayden Fry who retired at the end of the 1998 season.
The Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa.
Game summaries.
Northern Illinois.
The win over the Huskies marked Kirk Ferentz's first victory as head coach at Iowa.
David Scott Holmes (born 8 April 1935) is a Scottish businessperson.
He is best known as a former chairman and chief executive of Rangers football club.
Career.
Holmes was appointed a director of Rangers in November 1985 by the club's then majority shareholder, the Nevada-based businessman Lawrence Marlborough, head of the Lawrence Group of construction companies.
This followed several years of internecine squabbling amongst major Rangers shareholders, including Jack Gillespie, John Paton and Tom Dawson.
Marlborough had inherited much of his shareholding from John Lawrence, a former Rangers chairman of many years standing.
His reputed objective in the mid-1980s was to reinvigorate Rangers after years of under-performance, prior to eventual sale.
To meet this objective, Holmes embarked upon a bold strategy of returning Rangers to the primacy the club had enjoyed throughout most of its history.
In doing so, Holmes was able to capitalise on the modernisation of Ibrox stadium in the late 1970s and early 1980s, several years in advance of the upgrading of most comparable British grounds.
The ban on English clubs from European competition in the wake of the Heysel Stadium disaster provided Rangers with a further competitive advantage.
Both factors proved critical in enabling Graeme Souness, appointed manager at Holmes's behest in 1986, to attract leading English internationals.
The appointment of Souness - at the time one of European football's most celebrated players - was a major coup for Holmes, especially in the context of a Scottish league historically characterised by the exodus of leading players.
Rising attendances, increased turnover, and a profile heightened by the capture of numerous high-profile English internationalists were widely regarded as evidence of the success of Holmes and Souness in revitalising Rangers.
In November 1988, Lawrence Marlborough's shareholding - and, with it, control of the club - was acquired by the Scottish businessman, David Murray.
Holmes continued as chairman until 2 June 1989, at which point he was succeeded by Murray.
Holmes ceased involvement in Rangers shortly thereafter.
He subsequently re-entered football as a major shareholder of Falkirk in 1990, but resigned in 1991.
He was also briefly managing director at Dundee.
Holmes's involvement in football came part-way through an established business career, principally in construction.
Before his time at Rangers, Holmes was chairman and chief executive of John Lawrence, the largest independent house builder in Scotland.
In 2003, Holmes founded Timber Kit and Treatment Warehouse Ltd (subsequently renamed European Timber Systems Ltd), a manufacturer of timber frame housing.
Michael (Mike) Suby is an American television and film score composer and music producer.
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences () is a research institute based in Novosibirsk, Russia.
It was founded in 1957.
History.
The research institute was founded in the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok in 1957.
In 1994, the institute was named after Samson Kutateladze.
Scientific activity.
It has been continuously published since 1974 until present, in 43 volumes, making it one of the most comprehensive in the world.
History.
The dictionary was conceived in the 1950s with the inadequacy of the existing Slavic etymological dictionaries in mind.
Since 1961 the preparations began for the dictionary under the direction of Oleg Trubachev at the Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the USSR.
In 1963 a trial edition of the dictionary was published.
Since its inception, the dictionary has been published by the Department of Etymology and Onomastics of the Russian Language Institute.
The dictionary.
For every Proto-Slavic reconstruction an etymology is given, as well as the history of etymological research.
Reflexes in all Slavic languages are listed, and so are the cognates in other Indo-European languages.
Proto-Slavic accent and accentual paradigm is not reconstructed.
Elements of Proto-Slavic morphology (affixes, desinences) are also not reconstructed.
The original meteorite burst into several fragments at a height of about 22 kilometers (14 miles) above the ground.
The fragments descended on an area of several square kilometers.
Three fragments were recovered with a total mass of about .
Neuschwanstein was the first meteorite in Germany, and the fourth in the world, that was monitored by one of the world's fireball networks, namely by the European Fireball Network.
Photographing the meteor simultaneously from several locations allowed accurate reconstruction of its trajectory.
Meteorite fall.
Shortly before that it split into fragments at the "endpoint" at a height of about .
The entry velocity of in the atmosphere was rapidly reduced by air resistance to about at the end of the visible trajectory.
Then the meteorite went into free fall which lasted about 108 seconds.
The impact velocity on the surface was about .
The fragments were displaced in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) from their expected trajectories by strong wind.
Simultaneous observation allowed accurate reconstruction of the flight path using triangulation.
Eyewitness reports.
The fall caused a media stir and was observed by outdoor witnesses through most of central Europe.
Loud rumbling and rattling of windows was reported in southern Bavaria, in particular in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen area, and the sound was audible within at least .
The meteor left a spectacular trace in the night skies followed by a burst into half a dozen falling yellow-orange fragments.
The total duration of the event which was observed by thousands of random observers was about six seconds.
It was recorded by cameras, radiometers, infrasound detectors and seismic arrays making this one of the best-documented meteorite falls.
The area of the fall attracted hunters for the meteorite fragments for weeks and months after the fall.
Analysis of the heliocentric orbit.
The reconstructed orbit was very close to that of Pribram (EN070459) which fell on 7 April 1959 in the former Czechoslovakia, and thus both meteorites could originate from the same parent body.
Pribram is an ordinary chondrite (type H5).
It could be a "rubble pile" which was held together only by gravitational force and was shattered by a collision with another body.
Fragments.
The German Aerospace Center (DLR) estimated the original mass of the meteoroid as 300 kilograms, of which about 20 kilograms should have reached the ground.
Neuschwanstein I.
After a week-long search in the target area, on 14 July 2002, two Berlin amateur astronomers found the first fragment.
It was encountered only about two kilometers (1.2 miles) from the predicted landing point of the main fragment and only to the side of the calculated trajectory of the meteor, above sea level.
The fragment and the meteorite were named because of proximity of the landing place to the famous Neuschwanstein Castle.
Neuschwanstein II.
On 27 May 2003, after several weeks of searching, two young men from Bavaria found another fragment of , at above sea level.
Because of a year spent in the moist mountain forest soil, the fragment showed traces of corrosion.
Neuschwanstein III.
The last known and the largest () fragment was found on 29 June 2003, near Tyrol in Austria, above sea level.
A German physicist predicted the location of that fragment by computer simulation, properly taking into account the wind-induced drift, which might have been miscalculated previously.
Composition of the meteorite.
Legal situation and whereabouts of the finds.
As Neuschwanstein I and II were found in Germany, the province of Bavaria claimed co-ownership of those fragments as treasure.
The finder share of Neuschwanstein II could not be acquired, however, due to lack of funds.
The ownership of Neuschwanstein III was claimed by the Austrian municipality of Reutte in the Augsburg District Court.
The German court dismissed the claim on 6 June 2007 and awarded all property rights to the finder.
The mayor of Reutte appealed the case, and in January 2008, both parties agreed on a settlement, under which the finder paid compensation to the municipality but was allowed to keep the fragment.
This is a list of singles that have peaked in the Top 10 of the "Billboard" Hot 100 during 1983.
Michael Jackson scored seven top ten hits during the year with "The Girl Is Mine", "Billie Jean", "Beat It", "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'", "Human Nature", "Say Say Say", and "P.Y.T.
Summer Breeze was a rock festival, originally planned to be held annually in Seoul, South Korea for two days of early August.
The inaugural festival was scheduled to take place at Seoul Olympic Stadium in Jamshil, South Korea in 2008.
The festival was modeled after other urban music festivals such as Summersonic Festival of Japan, Lolapalooza of the United States, and Rock Am Ring of Germany.
Summer Breeze covered various genres of music, but mainly focused on rock music.
Soil functions are general capabilities of soils that are important for various agricultural, environmental, nature protection, landscape architecture and urban applications.
Soil can perform many functions and these include functions related to the natural ecosystems, agricultural productivity, environmental quality, source of raw material, and as base for buildings.
Soil acts as an anchor for plant roots.
It provides a hospitable place for a plant to live in while storing and supplying nutrients to plants.
Soil also functions by maintaining the quantity and quality of air by allowing to escape and fresh to enter the root zone.
Pore spaces within soil can also absorb water and hold it until plant roots need it.
The soil also moderates temperature fluctuation, providing a suitable temperature for the roots to function normally.
A fertile soil will also provide dissolved mineral nutrients for optimal plant growth.
The combination of these activities supports plant growth for providing food and other biomass production.
Environmental interaction.
Environmental interactions such as regulating water supplies, water loos, utilization, contamination, and purification are all affected by the soil.
They can filter, buffer, and transform materials between the atmosphere, the plant cover, and the water table.
Soil interacts with the environment to transform and decompose waste materials in to new materials.
Through filtering, soil acts as a filter and captures contaminants through soil particles.
Contaminants are captured by the soil particles and water comes out cleaner in the aquifers and rivers.
Lastly, it can accumulate large amounts of carbon as soil organic matter, thus reducing the total concentration of carbon dioxide that can mitigate global climate change.
Biological habitat and gene pool.
Soils also acts as a biological habitat and a gene reserve for a large variety of organisms.
Soils are the environment in which seeds grow, they provide heat, nutrients and water that are available to use to nurture plants and animals.
The assistance of soil in the decomposition of dead plants, animals, and organism by transforming their remains into simpler mineral forms, can be utilized by other living things.
Source of raw materials.
Soil provides raw materials for human use and impacts human health directly.
The composition of human food reflects the nature of the soil in which it was grown.
An example of soil as a source of raw material can be found in ancient ceramic production.
The Maya ceramics showed traits inherited from soils and sediments used as raw material.
The understanding of soil formation process can help define certain type of soil and reflect the composition of soil minerals.
However, the natural area of productive soils is limited and due to increasing pressure of cropping, forestry, and urbanization, extracting soil as a raw material needs to be controlled for.
Physical and cultural heritage.
Soil also has more general culture functions as they act as a part of the cultural landscape of our minds as well as the physical world around us.
An attachment to home soils or a sense of place is a cultural attribute developed mores strongly in certain people.
Soils has been around since the creation of earth, it can act as a factor in determining how humans have migrated in the past.
Soil also act as an earth cover that protects and preserve the physical artifacts of the past that can allow us to better understand cultural heritage.
Moreover, soil has been an important indication to where people settle as they are an essential resource for human productivity.
Platform for man-made structures.
Soil can act as raw material deposits and is widely used in building materials.
The conditions of the soil must be firm and solid to provide a good base for roads and highways to be built on.
Additionally, since these structures rest on the soil, factors such as its bearing strength, compressibility, stability, and shear strength al need to be considered.
Testing the physical properties allow a better application to engineering uses of soil.
Mapping soil functions.
Soil mapping is the identification, description, ad delineation on a map of different types of soil based on direct field observations or on indirect inferences from souch sources such as aerial photographs.
Soil maps can depict soil properties and functions in the context of specific soil functions such as agricultural food production, environmental protection, and civil engineering considerations.
Maps can depict functional interpretations of specific properties such as critical nutrient levels, heavy-metal levels or can depict interpretation of multiple properties such as a map of erosion risk index.
Sharrina Abdullah is a Malaysian diplomat who is Ambassador to Switzerland and was Ambassador to Senegal.
Brook was member of a family that served Liverpool for many years.
He was an alderman of Liverpool and was bailiff in 1584.
He was Lord Mayor of Liverpool in 1592.
The battalion fought during the Greek, North African and Italian campaigns, earning a formidable reputation as a fighting force which both Allied and German commanders have acknowledged.
It became the most-decorated New Zealand battalion during the war.
Following the end of hostilities, the battalion contributed a contingent of personnel to serve in Japan as part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force before being disbanded in January 1946.
History.
Formation.
According to historian Claudia Orange, the act of raising the battalion was seen as offering the chance to "prove the worth of Maoridom...and even secure the long-term goal of Maori autonomy".
At first the New Zealand government was hesitant, but on 4 October, the decision was announced that the proposal would be accepted and that the battalion would be raised in addition to the nine battalions and support units that had already been formed into three brigades of the 2nd New Zealand Division.
Nevertheless, it was decided that the battalion's key positions, including its officers, non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and signallers, would initially be filled largely by New Zealanders of European descent.
Both men were veterans of the First World War and had considerable experience.
Almost immediately effort was focused upon selecting and identifying the officers and NCOs.
To this end volunteers were called for among units that had already formed as part of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF) and from new recruits.
At the end of November, 146 trainees reported to the Army School at Trentham, where even serving officers and NCOs were required to prove their suitability for positions in the new battalion.
Concurrently, recruiting of men to fill the other ranks positions began in early October and within three weeks nearly 900 men had enlisted.
The process was carried out by recruiting officers who worked closely with tribal authorities, and the recruits were restricted to single men aged between 21 and 35, although later married men were allowed to join, but only if they did not have more than two children of similar ages.
On 26 January 1940 the battalion came together for the first time, marking its official raising at the Palmerston North Show Grounds.
Upon formation it was decided that the battalion would be organised upon tribal lines.
A lack of previous experience in technical trades also hampered the battalion's training, as the unit was short of men who were able to serve in roles such as clerks, drivers and signallers most personnel were drawn from mainly rural backgrounds.
Consequently, candidates for these roles had to be trained from scratch.
After 14 days leave, the battalion conducted a five-week concentration period before embarking on 1 May 1940.
The battalion's strength at this time was 39 officers and 642 other ranks.
United Kingdom.
Sailing upon the "Aquitania" via Fremantle and Cape Town, the battalion arrived at Gourock, Scotland, after six weeks at sea.
During this time they manned defences in the south of England and undertook further training.
The battalion suffered from a lack of equipment, largely due to the priority given to re-equip British units following the losses suffered by the British Expeditionary Force in France, and consequently training was largely focused upon anti-gas procedures and route marching.
Shortly afterwards the Mixed Brigade began quick deployment and defensive manoeuvres in earnest, as fears of invasion grew.
In between exercises, further training was undertaken and the battalion also worked to improve fixed defences throughout July, August and into September.
These exercises varied in size from company to battalion-level, and involved differing scenarios and enemy forces.
In September, a divisional review was undertaken and amidst massive German air raids upon London, the New Zealanders were declared to be ready for front-line service in the event of a German landing.
The following month, with an invasion now considered unlikely, the battalion returned to Aldershot for the winter, remaining there for two months.
Later in the month, the battalion received the order to begin preparing for redeployment to Egypt and an advance party was dispatched in mid-December.
On 7 January 1941 the rest of the battalion left for the Middle East, embarking from Liverpool on the "Athlone Castle".
Middle East.
After sailing via Freetown, Cape Town and Durban, the "Athlone Castle" sailed up the east coast of Africa and entered the Suez Canal, arriving at Tewfik harbour on 3 March 1941.
In the afternoon the battalion entrained and two days later they arrived in the desert, where they were met by motor transport which carried them to camp Garawi, about from Cairo.
At this point they were met by about 300 reinforcements which were used to replace men who had been laid down with influenza and to bring the battalion up to a higher establishment.
Shortly afterwards they were moved to Alexandria, where they embarked on the "Cameronia", bound for Greece.
Greece.
On 6 April the German invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia began.
In order to help defend Greece, a composite force of three divisions of Australian, British and New Zealand troops were to be deployed, and were grouped together under the title of 'W' Force.
However, by the time the invasion began only two of the three divisions had arrived, and the New Zealanders were consequently spread thin, holding a position to the north of Katerini, where they were tasked to defend the strategic Olympus Pass to the south.
Vastly outnumbered, within two days the situation for the Allies worsened, as the Germans broke through the defences along the Bulgarian border and the Yugoslav resistance collapsed.
As the situation worsened, orders came down from brigade headquarters that the passes would be held "to the last man and last round".
On 9 April, the fall of Salonika precipitated the order for the battalion to withdraw from their positions at Katerini south to Olympus.
As events unfolded elsewhere, the battalion remained in position, digging in and constructing defences until 12 April when they were ordered to withdraw behind Mavroneri Gorge and reposition themselves on the western aspect.
At this time the 5th Infantry Brigade's orders were changed from a holding action to a delay and withdrawal.
It was in the Petra Pass, alongside the 22nd Battalion, that the 28th Battalion fought its first engagement of the war.
During the night they carried out patrols along the Mavroneri riverbed, but no contact was made.
As German forces were halted at Platamon by the 21st Battalion, thrusts towards Larisa once again put the battalion's position in doubt and they were again ordered to withdraw.
Meanwhile, the Anzac Corps decided to make its last stand south at Thermopylae.
Throughout the previous two days the battalion worked hard to repel repeated attempts by elements of the German 2nd Infantry Regiment to infiltrate their lines, before they finally received the order to fall back.
With isolated platoons still in contact with the Germans and amidst high winds and a heavy downpour of rain, the New Zealanders had difficulty disengaging.
Withdrawing over difficult terrain towards the pass, the manoeuvre continued into the night as the Germans continued to harass their rearguard units.
The move was carried out with considerable urgency because the intention was to blow a bridge up just after the battalion had withdrawn across it in order to delay the German advance.
After meeting motor transport, the battalion moved back to Ay Dhimitrios, which they began to prepare to defend in order to help seal off the exit of the Olympus pass.
Along roads packed with vehicles and civilian traffic they withdrew amidst considerable confusion.
Upon arrival at Thermopylae the battalion had had just enough time to dig in before receiving the order that they were to move their position in order to make way for the 6th Infantry Brigade.
They completed this move by 21 April, taking up the same positions that Leonidas and his army had defended against Xerxes in 480 BC, according to legend.
Here they took up position in a marsh and as they made preparations for its defence, on 22 April, in Athens, the decision was made that the units of the British Commonwealth forces would be withdrawn from the country.
Over the course of the next two days, the battalion withdrew towards Athens, where they arrived in the early morning on 24 April.
They continued on to the beach at Porto Rafti, destroying their vehicles and other equipment as they went.
In the confusion of orders and counter orders, the battalion's carrier and mortar platoons had gotten separated from the rest of the unit.
Of the various groups that had become detached from the battalion, some were able to make their own way to the embarkation beaches, but a number of them were ultimately captured.
The battalion's casualties in Greece were 10 killed or died of wounds, six wounded, 83 captured, 11 wounded and captured.
Crete.
The 5th Infantry Brigade was allocated to the area surrounding the airfield and the battalion was positioned on the north coast at Platanias, on the brigade's right flank.
On 20 May 1941, the Germans launched the opening stages of their campaign with large-scale glider and parachute drops of troops from Maleme to Canea.
A platoon was dispatched to attack them and after a brief fire-fight in which two New Zealanders were wounded and eight Germans were killed, the 10 remaining men in the house surrendered.
The main German attack was focused upon the 22nd Battalion which was defending the airfield.
Hard pressed, late in the day the 22nd requested reinforcements and the 5th Infantry Brigade commander, Brigadier J. Hargest, sent one company from the 23rd and one from the 28th.
The task was given to 'B' Company and, as the company commander only knew the direct route, they had a night approach march of over to cover.
During the march they came in contact with a platoon-sized force of Germans which briefly held up the company before reinforcements could arrive.
The German force surrendered, but in doing so one of their number threw a grenade at the New Zealanders, wounding two men.
A short while later they killed another eight in a separate engagement.
Continuing on towards the 22nd Battalion, they bumped into a number of small pockets of Germans before eventually linking up with the 22nd Battalion's headquarters where they were told to return to their own lines as the decision had been made to withdraw from the airfield.
Eleven hours later the company reported back to the 28th Battalion's lines.
However, it soon became clear that the garrison on Crete would need to be evacuated and on 28 May the bulk of Creforce began to disengage the Germans and begin the retreat towards Sfakia.
The 5th Infantry Brigade took turns with two Australian battalions and the commandos of Layforce to carry out a rearguard action to guard the pass through which the troops had to traverse in order to escape.
On 30 May the final order was received, although due to shipping losses it was not possible to evacuate everyone.
In order to maintain fairness, each battalion was allotted a certain number of men who would have to remain and defend the embarkation beaches to allow the others to get away.
The 28th Battalion was allocated 230 men to embark, while six officers and 144 men would have to stay behind.
A large number of men volunteered to remain, and at midnight the remainder headed down to the beach and were taken off on a landing ship two hours later.
The battalion suffered 243 casualties during the brief defence of the island, including 74 men killed and 102 men wounded.
A further 67 were captured, of which 46 were wounded.
For his leadership of the battalion during the fighting on Crete, Dittmer received the Distinguished Service Order.
North Africa.
In June they carried out a ceremonial parade for King George VI and the Queen, and the commander of the 2nd New Zealand Division, Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg.
Throughout July, the battalion undertook desert familiarisation training and sports parades before moving to Kabrit where they concentrated with the rest of the 5th Infantry Brigade for a three-week combined operations exercise.
Later, in August, they moved to a position west of El Alamein, known as the "Kaponga Box" where throughout September and into October they undertook the unfamiliar task of road construction.
In October, the brigade received orders to link up with the rest of the division in preparation for their commitment to the battle along the frontier.
On 11 November 1941, the 5th Infantry Brigade concentrated near Mersa Matruh.
Three days later the division had assembled and began the advance into Libya.
Their first task was to capture the seaside town of Sollum, which was taken on 23 November from its Italian garrison with only a few casualties.
Follow-up artillery inflicted 18 killed and 33 wounded however, including the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel George Dittmer, and two company commanders.
Two hundred and forty-seven Italian prisoners were taken.
Following this, the 5th Infantry Brigade was placed under the command of the 4th Indian Division and the 28th Battalion took up positions near Bardia.
Three days later the battalion attacked a column of tanks and motorised infantry before ambushing a column at Menastir on 3 December.
Later, notable actions were undertaken at Gazala and at Sidi Magreb where over 1,000 Italians prisoners were captured.
Following this, the battalion was deployed to Syria before returning to Egypt in June 1942.
At this time, the battalion's skills with the bayonet earned them a reputation as "scalp hunters" among German commanders, including Rommel.
In September and October the battalion took part in important actions as part of the offensive in the Munassib Depression and at Miteiriya Ridge during the Second Battle of El Alamein.
On 2 November the battalion supported the final breakthrough by Allied forces that decided the outcome of the battle.
Casualties were high during this time and three of its commanding officers were either killed or wounded between July and November 1942.
Nevertheless, the battalion remained in the fighting and in March 1943, at Medenine it undertook a defensive role before switching to the offensive at Point 209 in the Tebaga Gap, where it was responsible for almost completely destroying a German panzer grenadier battalion.
It was during this action that Second Lieutenant Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu performed the deeds that led to him being posthumously decorated with the Victoria Cross.
The battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Bennett, also received the Distinguished Service Order for his leadership during the attack.
The village was situated atop a steep slope, and the attack stalled due to heavy concentrations of indirect fire and landmines, which wounded a number of men, including the commanding officer.
Nevertheless, two sections under the command of Sergeant Haane te Rauawa Manahi, managed to scale the western side of the escarpment and gain a foothold on the pinnacle in the early dawn.
In the afternoon, Manahi and two other men captured a number of machine gun and mortar positions, encircling the Italians and forcing them to surrender.
For these actions, Manahi was also recommended for a Victoria Cross, but the nomination was not approved and he received a Distinguished Conduct Medal instead.
Italy.
The battalion returned to Egypt with the 5th Infantry Brigade in late-May and underwent a period of refit and retraining, during which the bulk of the original unit was given three months leave and returned to New Zealand. 5th Infantry Brigade undertook a period of training in close-country tactics, remaining in camp at Taranto until 18 November when it was ordered to move north to join the Eighth Army.
The 2nd New Zealand Division had moved into the front line in November in order to relieve the 8th Indian Division and would take part in the advance across the Sangro planned for the end of the month.
Montgomery shifted the 8th Indian Division to the right in secret to narrow the V Corps front and concentrate its power, bringing the newly arrived 2nd New Zealand Division into the gap.
Heavy rain flooded the river, forcing the postponement of the offensive and giving the Germans time to move in reinforcements.
In the early hours of 28 November the Eighth Army attack began, supported by heavy artillery concentrations.
The New Zealanders advanced steadily, capturing the bulk of their objectives.
During New Zealand Division took part in the Moro River Campaign.
Heavy congestion on the road delayed the battalion's movements, and although scheduled to assault towards Elici, they arrived to find the 23rd Battalion and the Division Cavalry had already completed the task.
Meanwhile, on 3 December, the 6th Infantry Brigade assaulted Orsogna, and was involved in heavy fighting there, first capturing and then losing it following a counter-attack by German armour.
A subsequent attack against Orsogna was planned by the New Zealanders utilising both the 5th and 6th Infantry Brigades.
The attack was scheduled for 7 December, with both brigades to advance on a one battalion front.
Fairbrother planned to assault with two companies forward, one in depth and one in reserve, with support from armour and anti-tank guns.
This could not be provided though, as difficult terrain prevented tracked vehicles from moving across the Moro and up on to Pascuccio.
Although initially some progress was made, the Germans managed to hold Orsogna throughout December amidst intense hand-to-hand fighting.
Over the course of the battle, they had lost 11 men killed and 222 wounded.
The New Zealanders were subsequently transferred to the Fifth Army for its advance up the west coast of Italy towards Rome.
Leaving behind the bitter cold on the other side of the peninsula, the battalion undertook a period of training and reorganisation near Sant' Angelo d'Alife.
The position at Cassino was dominated by an historic Benedictine monastery.
Throughout January the Allies continued their advance, but as they were checked by the German positions at Cassino the advance stalled.
They met very stiff resistance, and although they managed to reach the railway station they were unable to wrest control of it from its defenders.
Lacking armoured support, which had failed to arrive, they fought through the morning and into the afternoon, but when their position was assaulted by two German tanks they were forced to withdraw.
The two assaulting companies, 'A' and 'B', suffered over 60 per cent casualties, losing 128 men killed or wounded.
In March they were again involved in fighting around Cassino, however, it was not until May that the position was eventually captured, by which time the New Zealanders had been withdrawn from the line, and transferred back to the Eighth Army.
Due to these losses, the battalion did not return to the front until July 1944.
It subsequently took part in the Allied advance towards Florence and is believed to have been first to reach the city on 4 August.
During this time Major Arapeta Awatere led the battalion as its acting commanding officer after Young was hospitalised with jaundice, although he returned in late August and subsequently led them through the fighting around Rimini in September.
In November, Awatere took over command substantively, and in December the battalion launched an attack around Faenza, for which its commanding officer later received a Distinguished Service Order.
The winter snow set in after this and, as Allied attentions were temporarily focused elsewhere, offensive action died down.
Thus, throughout January, February and into March the battalion undertook defensive duties, before being withdrawn from the line in mid-March.
In April 1945 the battalion returned to the front line to take part in the final stages of the war.
On 1 April the battalion entered the line near Granarolo along with the rest of the 5th Infantry Brigade and for the next month they were involved in five main battles along the Senio, Santerno, Sillaro, Gaiana and Idice rivers as the Allies pursued the Germans back towards Trieste.
Their involvement in the final stages of the fighting in Italy had cost them 25 killed and 117 wounded, while losses for the entire Italian campaign were 230 men killed, and 887 wounded.
Disbandment.
On 2 May 1945 news was received that all German forces west of the Isonzo River had surrendered.
While this did not officially end the fighting in Italy, it was all but over.
Five days later, on the night of 7 May, the battalion received the news that Germany had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, and that the war in Europe was over.
This continued until early June when an agreement was reached and Yugoslavia withdrew its troops east of the Isonzo River.
Following this the routine of the battalion became more settled and time was found for the men of each company to spend a fortnight at a hotel on the Lignano beach.
Afterwards, preparations began for the battalion's return to New Zealand.
New Zealand policy at the time was that long serving men were to be repatriated and their places taken by men with less time in service.
In this regard, commencing in late May, drafts of men departed in the order of their arrival at the battalion.
This included the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Arapeta Awatere, who was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel James Henare.
Throughout July the battalion undertook garrison duties in Trieste before the 2nd New Zealand Division was withdrawn to Lake Trasimene.
On 15 August 1945 news was received of Japan's unconditional surrender, ending plans for the battalion to take part in further combat in the Pacific.
In September it was decided that as part of the departure of New Zealand troops from the theatre, memorial services would be held at the locations of the division's major battles.
As a part of this program services were held at Cassino and Sangro and on Crete, while smaller parties were sent to Coriano Ridge, Faenza, Forli, Padua, Monfalcone and Udine.
The last batch of long service men had departed shortly after the battalion's arrival at Lake Trasimene, and so after this it was decided that the battalion would return to New Zealand as a formed unit.
As such their return was to be delayed and so they found winter quarters in Florence.
At this time it was decided that men from the battalion would be included within the New Zealand contribution to the occupation of Japan.
In this vein, a 270-strong contingent from the battalion was sent to Japan under the designation of 'D' Squadron, 2nd Divisional Cavalry Battalion, under the command of Major J.S Baker.
Finally, on 6 December the battalion entrained at Florence and embarked on the troopship at Taranto on Boxing Day.
Afterwards the men were sent back to their homes and the battalion was disbanded.
Throughout the course of the war, 3,600 men served in the battalion.
Of these, 649 were killed or died of wounds while another 1,712 were wounded.
Another 29 died as a result of service following discharge, while two were killed by accident during training in New Zealand.
Bernard Freyberg, the General Officer Commanding of the 2NZEF, commented, "No infantry had a more distinguished record, or saw more fighting, or, alas, had such heavy casualties, as the Maori Battalion."
The battalion's reputation was also acknowledged by their opponents.
Some sources state that the Afrika Korps commander, Erwin Rommel remarked,"Give me the Maori Battalion and I will conquer the world".
As of 2022, there is only one surviving member of the battalion still living, Bom Gillies.
Decorations.
One member of the battalion, Second Lieutenant Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu, was awarded the Victoria Cross during the war, while another member, Sergeant Haane Manahi, was also recommended for the award.
Four generals, including Harold Alexander, Bernard Freyberg, Howard Kippenberger and Bernard Law Montgomery had recommended that Manahi receive the Victoria Cross but this recommendation was downgraded in London to the Distinguished Conduct Medal.
In 2000, iwi Te Arawa lodged a claim with the Waitangi Tribunal for Haane Manahi to have his award of the Distinguished Conduct Medal upgraded to a Victoria Cross.
In December 2005 the Waitangi Tribunal released their findings supporting the claim, but in October 2006 the New Zealand Minister of Defence announced that the award could not be made as King George VI had ruled in 1949 that no further awards from the Second World War ought to be made.
Instead, it was decided that Manahi would be recognised by the presentation of an altar cloth, a personal letter from Queen Elizabeth II acknowledging his gallantry and a sword.
The award was presented to Manahi's son by The Duke of York on 17 March 2007 at a ceremony in Rotorua.
The Emerald City Roller Girls (ECRG) is a roller derby league based in Eugene, Oregon.
Founded in 2007, the league once consisted of three teams, and a mixed team which competed against teams from other leagues.
Emerald City was founded in January 2007 by a group of women who had met through a knitting circle, and a posting on Craigslist.
By January 2010, the league had around 80 skaters.
Mining.
Helena Eriksson (born 1962) is a Swedish poet.
Her sixth collection of poetry, "Strata" (2004), was published in English in 2014.
Biography.
She has also worked as a translator.
Her dramatic expressionist poems, written in prose, evoke animal and human worlds which are also depicted in later works.
She frequently introduces allusions to violence, desire and rupture, sometimes emphasized by the sensuous tactile effects of necklaces and clothing, as in "Strata".
Awards.
Spelunky is a 2008 source-available 2D platform game created by independent developer Derek Yu and released as freeware for Microsoft Windows.
It was remade for the Xbox 360 in 2012, with ports of the new version following for various platforms, including back to Microsoft Windows.
The player controls a spelunker who explores a series of caves while collecting treasure, saving damsels, fighting enemies, and dodging traps.
The caves are procedurally generated, making each run-through of the game unique.
The first public release was on December 21, 2008.
The source code of the Windows version was released on December 25, 2009.
An enhanced version for Xbox Live Arcade was released on July 4, 2012.
The enhanced version was later released for Windows and PlayStation 3 in August 2013, and for PlayStation 4 in October 2014.
The remake was also made available on Xbox One via backward compatibility in December 2015.
A fanmade, ChromeOS version of the original game was made as well, titled "Spelunky HTML5".
A port for Nintendo Switch was released on August 26, 2021.
A sequel, "Spelunky 2", was released in September 2020.
"Spelunky" was one of the first games to borrow concepts from roguelikes and combine them with real-time side-scrolling platformer elements.
Due to its popularity, it was the influence for many later roguelike games.
"Spelunky" received critical acclaim for its gameplay, atmosphere and design, though some controls and multiplayer elements polarized critics.
Many critics and publications regarded it as one of the greatest video games of all time.
Gameplay.
The player controls an unnamed adventurer, known as the spelunker.
The aim of the game is to explore tunnels, gathering as much treasure as possible while avoiding traps and enemies.
The spelunker can whip or jump on enemies to defeat them, pick up items that can be thrown to either attack enemies or set off traps, and use a limited supply of bombs and ropes to navigate the caves.
Levels are randomly generated and grouped into four increasingly difficult "areas", each with a distinctive set of items, enemies, terrain types and special features.
Later areas contain more valuable treasures, secret locations, and items.
If the player loses all their hearts or runs into an instant-kill trap, they will have to start from the beginning.
Enemies include animals like bats, snakes and spiders of varying sizes, other characters, and monsters like yeti, man-eating plants and ghosts.
The player can collect many items, mainly gold and jewels which add to the player's score, but also useful objects including bombs, guns, climbing gear and archaeological artifacts.
Some of the latter have supernatural abilities, including kapalas, hedjets, crystal skulls and golden ankhs, though many of these special items can only be gained through secret methods, like combining other items together.
Some items may be purchased or stolen from shops scattered about the caves, though the shopkeepers become powerful enemies if the player steals from them.
The player can also encounter damsels in distress trapped in the caves, who can be picked up and carried to an exit.
Successfully doing so returns health to the player.
Another unlockable character is the "Tunnel Man", who possesses a mattock instead of a whip.
The Xbox Live Arcade, as well as the PlayStation Network versions of the game feature local multiplayer (co-op and deathmatch) for up to four players.
There are 9 different characters to play as.
The original "Spelunky" also includes a level editor, in which players can create their own non-random levels to share with others.
Development.
"Spelunky" was created by Derek Yu and released as freeware for Microsoft Windows on December 21, 2008.
The source code of the Windows version was published under a software license permitting noncommercial distribution and modification on December 25, 2009.
Based on this source code the game community created a community patch which added support for Mac OS X.
Since the game source code became available community members have created many modified versions, or mods, of the original game.
Most of these were available via the forums on the website for Derek Yu's video game company, Mossmouth, where a list was maintained of finished mods.
The website "Spelunky.fyi" was created by the community to maintain a list of community-made content after the Mossmouth forums were shut down.
The first version of "Spelunky" classic was released as freeware on a private space called TIGSource forums where some players were exposed to the game and provided Derek Yu with immediate feedback for the game creating a loop of development where new additions were added to the game in response to player feedback.
Shortly after, Derek released a public version of the game which gained greater exposure.
Jonathan Blow, developer of "Braid", reached out to Derek concerning releasing the game officially on console platforms which was a huge benefit for indie developers at the time considering the success of other indie games at the time such as Castle Crashers and World of Goo.
While looking for programmers to help him on the project he reconnected with longtime friend Andy Hull who offered his services.
An enhanced remake version for Xbox Live Arcade was released on July 4, 2012.
The enhanced edition was also released for PC and PlayStation 3 in August 2013.
Influences.
"Spelunky" draws from "La-Mulana", "Rick Dangerous", and "Spelunker" for its visual styling, character design, gameplay elements and general mechanics.
Essentially a dungeon crawl, it also adds elements from the roguelike genre, including randomly generated levels, a lack of save points, frequent and easy death, and discovery mechanics.
It draws equally from the 2D platformer genre, including real-time interactions with enemies.
According to Yu, the "Super Mario" series of video games was one of the game's biggest inspirations, especially in "feel and physics".
Derek found inspiration in the rogue like genre from the random generation features of each playthrough but found the turn based dungeon crawling elements of typical roguelikes uninteresting.
However he found the higher concepts such as universal intractability and the consequences of permadeath much more exciting.
By taking these higher concepts and combining them with the features of platform games he was able to develop the initial conception for "Spelunky" using procedural generation.
"Aztec", "Balding's Quest", "NetHack", "Indiana Jones", and "Cave Story" have also been credited as influences.
Design.
"Spelunky" is notorious for its difficult gameplay as many hazards and enemies are capable of killing the player quickly.
Derek found that a punishing gameplay experience caused players to behave in unique ways, forcing the player to think more about their actions and what plans they have to remain alive.
Even Edmund McMillen, a notable game developer who created successfully challenging games such as "Super Meat Boy", told him that the starting area's arrow traps should do less damage, but Derek was adamant that the immediate difficulty was necessary to show players not already familiar with the roguelike structure that death and failure is an expected part of gameplay.
Destructibility of terrain was also a key element of the level design in "Spelunky" inspired by the pickaxe's abilities in another roguelike game called "NetHack".
Derek found that it made the level progression more lenient as players could create their own paths instead of using the path generated by the level.
Derek associated his enemy design with the behavior of the ghosts from "Pac-Man" and how they differed their approaches to interacting with the player but collectively provided a unified and diverse experience.
Reception.
"IGN" gave the XBLA version a score of 9.0 and an Editor's Choice award, calling it "a superb 2D platformer that's as easy to hate as it is to love".
GameTrailers gave the game a score of 8.3, praising its design but criticising some control quirks and throwaway multiplayer.
"1UP.com" gave the game an A ranking, saying "it offers the same immediate, pick-up-and-play fun of "Geometry Wars", but demands much more than the simple reflexive reactions of your lizard brain".
"PC Gamer UK" chose the remake of "Spelunky" as its 2013 game of the year.
Eurogamer ranked "Spelunky" third on its Games of the Generation list.
In 2015, Rock, Paper, Shotgun ranked the original "Spelunky" 1st on its The 50 Best Free Games On PC list.
A difficult challenge run of "Spelunky HD", known as an "eggplant run", was reported on by various video game news websites.
In 2019, "Spelunky" was ranked 36th on "The Guardian" newspaper's The 50 Best Video Games of the 21st Century list.
The spelunker, the main character of "Spelunky", is one of several indie game characters who can be unlocked and played in "Super Meat Boy".
Referred to as "Spelunky" in "Super Meat Boy", the character has the special power of explosive jumps (referencing the bombs he carries in the original game), and he is exclusive to the Xbox Live Arcade version.
He also makes an appearance in "Runner2" as a DLC character.
"Spelunky" was a commercial success, selling over one million units by 2016.
He was also a recipient of the Marine Corps Brevet Medal and Navy Cross.
Biography.
Charles Long was born December 14, 1869, in South Weymouth, Massachusetts.
He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1891 and received a commission as a second lieutenant on July 1, 1891.
He retired from the Marine Corps in December 1921 after 30 years of service and died March 5, 1943, at South Dartmouth, Massachusetts.
The eldest son of Colonel Henry Lyell and Katharine Murray Lyell, he was a nephew of Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, the geologist.
He served as Liberal Member of Parliament for Orkney and Shetland from 1885 to 1900, and was commissioned a deputy lieutenant for Forfarshire in December 1901.
He was created a baronet in 1894 and raised to the peerage as Baron Lyell of Kinnordy in the County of Forfar, on 8 July 1914.
It is the smallest and highest pitched instrument in the "huqin" family.
The jinghu has a tone similar to a violin but raspier.
Construction.
Like most of its relatives, the "jinghu" has 2 strings that are customarily tuned to the interval of a 5th which the hair of the non-detachable bow passes in between.
The strings were formerly made of silk, but in modern times are increasingly made of steel or nylon.
Unlike other "huqin" instruments ("erhu", "gaohu", "zhonghu", etc.) it is made of bamboo.
Its cylindrical soundbox is covered with snakeskin on the front (playing) end, which forms a taut drum on which the bridge rests, sandwiched between the drum and the strings, which are connected to a peg at the bottom of the soundbox.
Use.
In Beijing opera, the jinghu often doubles the singer's voice.
"Jinghu" performers in Beijing opera rarely shift into higher positions, and instead choose to compress the melody into a single octave.
A pre-war Regia Aeronautica Italian Air Force base, the airfield was a primary objective of the Operation Husky landings.
After being secured, it was used by the United States Army Air Forces Twelfth Air Force 31st Fighter Group, equipped with three squadrons (307th, 308th 309th) of Supermarine Spitfires.
Later, it was a command and control base for the 52d Troop Carrier Wing from 1 September 1943-13 February 1944.
The airfield is also notable because many Italian Air Force airplanes landed at Agrigento in the days immediately following the armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces in early September 1943.
Most were worn out and obsolete, no longer useful for combat, however Italian crews scrounged any parts that they could to keep their aircraft flying against the Germans.
Later, the Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force (ICBAF or ACI) was formed and incorporated these aircraft.
After the American use of the base ended, it was turned over to the Italian Air Force for its use.
Joseph Alfred Xavier Michiels (December 25, 1813 - October 28, 1892) was a French historian and writer on art and literature.
Biography.
He was born in Rome of Dutch-Burgundian parents.
Facilities.
Before 1945 the area belonged to Germany as part of "Landkreis Soldin" in the Prussian Province of Brandenburg.
For the history of the region, see Neumark.
Calvert Beach is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Calvert County, Maryland, United States.
Its population was 808 as of the 2010 census.
Iago is a major character in William Shakespeare's 1607 play "Othello".
His role is one of Othello's outwardly loyal courtier and friend, who in fact hates him and schemes his downfall.
He also manipulates his friends and master into doing his bidding, eventually persuading Othello to believe that his wife, Desdemona, has been having an affair, resulting in Othello killing her in a jealous rage.
Iago's character and his techniques of illicit manipulation have fascinated scholars since the character's inception, as has his refusal to say why he seeks to destroy Othello.
Background.
Outwardly loyal to Othello and his recently married wife, Desdemona, Iago proceeds to cause dissension within Othello's camp (for instance, tuning Othello's new father-in-law against him, and causing Cassio to fight another officer).
Iago causes Othello to be increasingly suspicious of Desdemona and subtly encourages him to believe that Cassio and she are having an illicit affair.
"Honest" Iago.
Shakespeare uses variations on the word "honest" 51 times through the play.
The word is used both as a noun and adjectivally, 26 times describing Iago.
Its repetition, argues J. W. Abernethy, emphasizes the quality that Iago can be least said to possess, and as such "constitutes a strain of irony running throughout the play".
Analyzing critics approaches to Iago's motives, Jane Adamson suggests that is often assumed the skills of a detective are required.
Towards the end of the play Othello says of Iago, "an honest man he is, who hates the slime that sticks on filthy deeds" (V. ii. 147-149), even though by this point in the play the audience are well aware of Iago's malign influence.
Character.
Professor Felix Emanuel Schelling suggests that Iago is a "shameless egoist who proudly avows his villainy and bawls it to the gallery", his manipulation made possible with expressions of mock-sympathy.
His description, early in the play, of the class of servant to which he does not belong, is that of the "knee crooking" subservients who wallow in their subserviency.
Iago's approach is two-pronged.
Adamson notes that Shakespeare presents Iago to the audience as he is at that point in time, with no indication as to how he came to be who he is with the character traits he possesses, and likewise, Iago never gives any indication of anything in the past that has led him to his position.
From the beginning, argues Adamson, Iago is a clear combination of self-righteousness and vindictiveness, illustrated with "casual brutality" in his speech with others.
These contradictions, argues Adamson, are the basis of his dramatic character and therefore his significance.
Manipulative behaviour.
It is easy for Iago to, as he puts it, toy with people "for sport and profit", and to which end he uses words as a slow poison.
Having laid the ground earlier in the play by suggesting to Cassio that Desdemona was prone to sexual flirtation, Iago's manipulative character is most visible in Act III scene iii where he persuades Othello that Desdemona may be being unfaithful to him, and which the General comes to believe was his own idea in the first place.
Abernethy argues that even Othello's jealousy, from which the rest of the play's action stems, is not his own, but has been instilled in him by Iago.
Iago has a talent for persuading people of all classes and outlooks to listen to him, from lower class fools such as Roderigo, to the educated and upper-class Cassio and Othello.
This is in part due to his moral simplicity, which, argues Adamson, "is always seductive to those whose lives are complicated and anguished ".
His are so obvious statements, she suggests, that they distract from and disguise his intentions and purpose.
In a world that the audience may perceive as highly trusting, as well as dignified and courteous, Iago demonstrates a "malign opportunism", argues Adamson, throughout the play responding to circumstance rather than a preconceived blueprint.
However, he does have a technique, and in the cases of Roderigo, Brabantio and Cassio they are effectively the same attack.
First, he offers hypocritical condolences for the men's unfortunate circumstance (Brabantio, whose daughter has eloped on Iago's urging, for example), and in doing so he highlights his own keenness to help.
By this, he enjoys a vicarious pleasure from the distresses of others.
Following Iago' eventual discovery, Roderigo explains how Iago "set him on".
Iago as hero.
While Othello himself is strictly the main protagonist, if an anti-hero, Abernethy suggests that the real hero of the play is Iago himself.
Scholars William Baker and Brian Vickers have, however, suggested that since the essay appears to have been an "ironic apology for Iago, one wonders whether it was meant seriously".
Iago as evil incarnate.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge believed Iago to be "motiveless Malignity".
Iago as psychopath.
Alternative arguments.
Scholars do not universally applaud Iago as a nuanced character.
F. R. Leavis, for example, questions whether he is not a "rather clumsy mechanism".
Hence, she suggests, it is as likely that they fell, on account of their susceptibility, as much as they were pushed by Iago.
He is not, argue both Bradley and Adamson, a symbol, or a two-dimensional representation of the notion of "inexplicable evil or Evil".
Cultural influence.
Jim Nesich (born February 22, 1966) is a retired American professional ice hockey player.
Week-End at the Waldorf, an American comedy drama film directed by Robert Z. Leonard and starring Ginger Rogers, Lana Turner, Walter Pidgeon, and Van Johnson.
It premiered in Los Angeles on 17 October 1945.
The screenplay by Samuel and Bella Spewack is based on playwright Guy Bolton's stage adaptation of the 1929 Vicki Baum novel "Grand Hotel", which had been filmed as "Grand Hotel" in 1932.
Plot.
The film focuses on guests staying at New York City's famed Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
In the opening scene, Randy Morton describes a typical Friday afternoon at the Waldorf.
A newly-wed couple discover there are no rooms available and are given use of an apartment by Mr. Jesup, who is going away for the weekend.
Edley tries to involve Jesup in a deal with the Bey of Aribajan, a wealthy oil sheik.
Jesup refuses, but Edley knows that Jesup will be gone all weekend and has until Monday morning to get the Bey to sign a contract based on Jesup's presumed involvement.
Chip Collyer, a war correspondent, arrives for several days of rest.
Irene Malvern, a film star, is tired of constantly working, and is unhappy that after this weekend she will immediately start on her next picture.
Edley, Collyer, Malvern, and the Bey of Aribajan are staying on the 39th Floor of the Waldorf Towers, in large apartments with terraces.
Hotel stenographer Bunny Smith is called to the suite of Dr. Robert Campbell, who has just examined Captain James Hollis, an airman with a piece of shrapnel dangerously close to his heart.
Dr. Campbell dictates a letter to a doctor at Walter Reed, saying that Hollis has an even chance at surviving an operation, but he needs the will to live.
Hollis drops sheet music written by a fellow crew member who was killed on the mission.
A waiter delivers it to house band leader Xavier Cugat, who suggests that he perform it on his radio show the following night at the Starlight Roof, the nightclub of the hotel.
Hollis visits the hotel stenographer's office, and asks Bunny to type up his will.
He asks her to join him at dinner at the Starlight Roof to hear his friend's song performed.
Chip Collyer is approached by Webson hoping for help on the Edley story.
Collyer suggests talking to the Bey of Aribajan regarding the proposed deal, and demonstrates how to sneak into the Bey's apartment by hiding in a maid's cart.
Collyer is trapped in the cart when the maid returns and enters Irene Malvern's apartment to avoid being seen by Edley.
Irene Malvern's door was open because she had requested security take her jewelry to the hotel safe and station a guard outside.
Earlier, her maid had admitted becoming involved with a man who intended to steal Irene's jewelry.
The maid insisted that he was a good man in a difficult situation, so Irene agreed to meet him and see if this was true.
She catches him pocketing a lighter, and he recites a line from "Grand Hotel" in which the Baron returns the ballerina's jewels.
Irene takes pity on him and allows him to sleep in the living room.
The next morning, Malvern looks in Collyer's billfold at his military identification, then confronts him.
He insists that she created the misunderstanding and encouraged him to stay.
Irene convinces Cynthia that this is not true by introducing her "husband", Chip Collyer.
Cynthia tells her mother about the "secret" marriage between the film star and the war correspondent.
Mrs. Drew tells Randy Morton, the newspaper columnist.
Edley has Bunny come to his apartment to dictate a contract for his deal with the Bey.
He tells her that if the deal goes through, he will be moving to New York and wants to hire her as his private secretary.
He tells her to attend dinner at the Starlight Roof with himself and the Bey.
Hollis is at the Starlight Roof.
A note is delivered from Bunny, giving her regrets.
After a performance by Xavier Cugat, he sees Bunny enter with the Bey's party.
Cugat then introduces singer Bob Graham, who performs Hollis' friend's song.
Bunny goes to Hollis to apologize for accepting Edley's invitation.
They kiss, but Edley is looking for her.
Irene Malvern and her manager leave to go to the premiere of her new film.
He presents her with law books to verify his claim that being introduced as one's spouse creates a common-law marriage.
Malvern's manager persuades Collyer to sign a statement denying the existence of the marriage, but Malvern realizes that being alone is a miserable existence.
Collyer comes to see her, and they make up.
Monday morning, the various parties prepare to leave the hotel.
The main headline on the newspaper is Webson's story about Edley's fraudulent oil deal.
Edley rushes to the Bey's apartment.
Jesup has returned, and has spoken to the Bey, clarifying the situation.
The Bey is revealed to speak perfect English.
Bunny Smith looks for Captain Hollis before he leaves for his surgery.
She finds him, and says that she wants to come with him.
Irene Malvern is about to take a four-day train ride to California.
She receives a call from Collyer at the airport.
She takes the call, then rushes to the roof to wave a handkerchief at Collyer's passing plane.
We last see Collyer lighting a cigarette with Malvern's monogrammed lighter.
A minor plot line concerns Randy Morton's pregnant Scottish Terrier, Suzie.
Production.
The film pays homage to its source by including a scene in which Chip Collyer recreates a scene from the 1930 play based on the Vicki Baum novel, and Irene Malvern identifies it as an excerpt from "Grand Hotel".
Waldorf-Astoria management wanted the film shot in color in order to show the hotel at its best advantage, a demand that almost led MGM executives to switch the locale to San Francisco and change the title to "Palace in the Sky".
Mrs. Lucius Boomer, wife of the president of the Waldorf-Astoria Corporation, served as a technical advisor on the film, as did Ted Saucier, who handled public relations for the property.
Some interiors and exteriors of the hotel were filmed on location, but the lobby, Starlight Roof, guest rooms, and other public spaces were recreated on the backlot of the MGM Studios in Culver City, California.
The film's theme song, "And There You Are", was written by Sammy Fain and Ted Koehler.
Box office.
Critical reception.
Ulrich B. Schmid (born 31 May 1962 in Stuttgart) is a German Protestant theologian and university teacher.
Biography.
Ulrich Schmid is married and has a child.
Education.
From 1993 to 1995 followed the Vicariate and then in 1995 the 2nd ecclesiastical examination.
With a habilitation scholarship of the German Research Foundation (DFG) he continued his academic career in the years 1996 to 1998.
From 1997 to 1998 he worked as a Fellow at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (NIAS), from 1998 to 2000 at the University of Amsterdam.
At the Kirchliche Hochschule Bethel he was habilitated in 2002 and in 2005 he published by Verlag Herder a work "Unum ex quattuor.
Academic work.
Ulrich Schmid's areas of expertise are the New Testament, History of Christianity in general and the Early Christianity, such as Marcion, Tatian, the theology of the Middle Ages (Diatessaron) and the field of textual research (Ancient Greek and Latin tradition of the Christian Bible) in particular.
Award.
P. S. Vinod is Indian cinematographer who works in Telugu, Hindi and Tamil films.
He debuted as an independent cinematographer with the 2000 Tamil film "Rhythm" and then went to work for several Hindi and Telugu projects.
His notable works include "Musafir" (2004), "My Wife's Murder" (2005), "Tees Maar Khan" (2010), "Panjaa" (2011), "Manam" (2014), "Soggade Chinni Nayana" (2015) "Oopiri" (2015) and "Hello" (2017).
Career.
He did the majority of the apex commercials in India.
He graduated from the Film and Television Institute of Tamil Nadu, now called the MGR Film Institute.
After he graduated from the institute, he assisted veteran cinematographer Santosh Sivan.
He was then signed by director Vasanth for two of his successive Tamil films, "Rhythm" and "Appu".
Subsequently, he did a few well known films in Bollywood.
His second Hindi film "Musafir" got him a Zee Film Awards nomination.
His work in "Striker" (2010) was praised by critics.
He was chosen by choreographer-turned-director Farah Khan to film her third directorial "Tees Maar Khan".
Vinod's work in the film was lauded by critics, with the film being selected by Rediff as one of the most good looking Bollywood films of 2010.
He has worked on two Tamil films, the gangster film "Aaranya Kaandam" that won The Grand Jury Award for Best Film at South Asian International Film Festival, and the romantic comedy "Kadhal 2 Kalyanam".
He won the Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer for the former.
"Die Sieger" was drafted between 1856 and 1858, at a period when Wagner had become greatly interested in Buddhism.
Although both are ostracised by the other monks, Buddha permits their chaste union, and allows Prakriti to join the monastic community.
Writing to Marie Sayn-Wittgenstein in 1857, Wagner refers to the girl as 'Savitri' and suggests a three-act structure.
He further wrote about the project to Mathilde Wesendonck from Venice in 1858, comparing himself and Mathilde to Ananda and Savitri.
No musical sketches for this work are known to have been undertaken.
Brad Duguid (born July 9, 1962) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada.
He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2003 to 2018 who represented the riding of Scarborough Centre in Toronto.
He served as a cabinet minister in the governments of Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne.
Background.
Duguid was born in Scarborough and graduated from Woburn Collegiate Institute and the University of Toronto.
Before seeking elected office, Duguid worked in government services at the municipal, provincial and federal levels, serving as executive assistant to Metro Councillor Scott Cavalier, Ontario MPP Frank Faubert, and Liberal Members of Parliament Catherine Callbeck and Derek Lee.
Politics.
Municipal.
In 1994, he was elected as a city councillor in the suburban municipality of Scarborough.
In the elections of 1997 and 2000, he was elected as a councillor in the amalgamated "megacity" of Toronto.
During his time in municipal government, Duguid was known for his work on community safety issues and affordable housing.
He drafted a crime-prevention strategy for Toronto in 1999, and was a founder of the "Scarborough Community Safety Council", the "Scarborough Community Safety Audit Program" and the "Business Crime Prevention Seminar Program".
He was also known as a supporter of then-Mayor of Toronto, Mel Lastman.
In the 2003 election, Duguid supported John Tory over David Miller for Mayor of Toronto.
Provincial.
On May 1, 2003, Duguid was appointed by Liberal leader Dalton McGuinty as the party's candidate for Scarborough Centre in the upcoming provincial election.
This upset many in the local party association, as 1999 Ontario general election candidate Costas Manios was widely expected to win the nomination again.
Manios decided to run against Duguid as an Independent (essentially campaigning as an "Independent Liberal"), and many believed he would deny Duguid victory by splitting the Liberal vote.
On October 23, 2003, Duguid was appointed Parliamentary Assistant on urban issues to John Gerretsen, the Ontario Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing.
As such, he has often clashed with Mayor David Miller over allegations by the mayor that the province has reneged on funding promises to the city.
Following his re-election in 2007, Duguid was appointed Minister of Labour.
He ensured job protection for military reservists and improved health and safety in the workplace.
He also saw the creation of the new Family Day holiday, allowing Ontario families to spend quality time together.
In a Cabinet shuffle on September 18, 2008, Duguid was appointed as the province's Minister of Aboriginal Affairs.
On January 18, 2010 he was appointed Minister of Energy and Infrastructure.
In the re-election and subsequent Cabinet shuffle, in October 2011, the Cabinet was dissolved, and the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure was split into two Ministries.
The resulting cabinet Duguid was appointed as the Minister of Energy.
In the Cabinet, post election, on October 20, 2011, Brad Duguid was appointed Minister of Economic Development and Innovation.
In December 2012, CTV London reported that some of Minister Duguid's Christmas cards were sent without postage, instead using franking stickers only available to the monarch, federal MPs, senators and certain parliamentary employees.
A staffer later resigned over the controversy.
After Kathleen Wynne took over in 2013, she appointed Duguid as the Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities.
Duguid was re-elected in the June 2014 election.
After the election he was appointed as the Minister of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure.
On June 13, 2016, Duguid's portfolio was changed to Minister of Economic Development and Growth.
In September 2017, Duguid announced he would not be running for re-election in the next 2018 Ontario general election.
Bolsominion (from the English "minion") is a pejorative term used by opponents of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to refer to a segment of his supporters.
The word is an amalgamation combining the first half of the surname Bolsonaro, and the word "minion" ("servant", "follower"), which is also the name of the characters in the "Despicable Me" franchise.
The term gained prominence in Brazilian media with the rise of Bolsonaro throughout his 2018 presidential campaign.
Ideology.
In general, bolsominions are described as extreme right-wing people who are uncompromising, reactionary and adept at military intervention to solve problems related to public health, education, security.
They often use the term ""esquerdopata" (pathological left) to refer to opponents, which is a term used on the internet to treat leftist ideology as a disease (psychopathy), to which its opponents usually respond by using the term "direitopata"" (pathological right) to designate them.
They see the relationship between military intervention and morality as closely linked factors and they are, in general, antagonistic to agendas considered progressive.
Many are also supporters of the Trump administration.
Use.
The Independent Radical Social Democratic Party () was a political party in Czechoslovakia.
The party was founded on May 26, 1921.
The party formed a joint parliamentary group, Socialist Association, together with the Independent Socialist Party.
That congress resolved to merge with the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party.
Chandigarh Comets (CCO) is hockey team based in Chandigarh, which is one of the eight teams that plays in World Series Hockey.
Pakistani striker Rehan Butt is the captain of the team and Harendra Singh is the coach.
Sector 42 Stadium is the home ground of Chandigarh Comets.
Chandigarh Comets were at the top of the table in the league phase but ended up as the semi-finalists of the inaugural edition of WSH.
Gurjinder Singh was leading goal scorer for the team who also top-scored in the tournament along with Syed Imran Warsi with 19 goals apiece.
History. 2012 season.
With an average start to the season they made a remarkable performance in the later stage.
The faced Pune Strykers in the semi-final at Mahindra Hockey Stadium in Mumbai.
Team Composition.
The team is led by Rehan Butt and coached by Harendra Singh.
See also.
The village has a population of 368.
Matthias Hobein (born 11 February 1981) is a German lightweight rower.
Bara Aadmi () is a 1981 Pakistani film it was written by Riaz ur Rehman Saghar and directed by Shamas Chodhary it was produced by M. Ashraf and Rehmatullah.
It stars Muhammad Ali, Babra Sharif, Bindiya, Shahid and Roohi Bano in leading roles.
Plot.
He is engaged to (Bindiya) Safia who really loves him and wants to become his wife but her (Tamanna) mother is against the marriage.
Later he and (Roohi) Shahida fall in loves and get married.
Reception.
The Talmudical Academy of Central New Jersey (Adelphia) is an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva high school and rabbinical college in Howell Township, New Jersey, United States.
Founded in 1970 by Rabbi Yeruchim Shain in Adelphia, New Jersey, the school was originally a boarding school for high-school-college aged boys from the New York City area.
Today the school has students from all over the world.
Many of its alumni are teachers, principals and educators in their respective communities.
The Senate of Barbados is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Barbados.
The Senate is accorded legitimacy by Chapter V of the Constitution of Barbados.
It is the smaller of the two chambers.
The Senate was established in 1964 to replace a prior body known as the Legislative Council.
Besides creating and reviewing Barbadian legislation, the Senate generally reviews approved legislation originating from the House of Assembly (Lower House).
One main constraint on the Senate is that it cannot author monetary or budget-related bills.
Most of the non-political appointees to the Senate have been selected by the (defunct as of 30 November 2021) Governor-General from civil society organisations, labour collectives and public associations in Barbados.
Senators are now appointed by the President of Barbados.
According to the Constitution of Barbados, 7 are chosen at the President's sole discretion, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister and 2 on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
In the absence of an opposition leader, the president appoints 2 extra senators bringing the total amount of independents to 9.
The Senate sits for 20 to 25 days a year.
Composition.
All 21 Barbadian Senators are formally appointed by the President, but this duty, as most of the President's duties, is carried out on the advice of other people.
The President appoints 12 Senators on the advice of the Prime Minister and two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
This means that the Prime Minister effectively gets to appoint 12 Senators and the Leader of the Opposition effectively gets to appoint 2.
The remaining seven Senators are nominated by the President at their discretion (that is, the President is not bound by other political leaders' advice in these appointments) to represent various religious, social, economic, or other interests in Barbados.
In the absence of an opposition leader in parliament (i.e. in the case of a landslide victory where one party takes all 30 seats in the House of Assembly, as occurred in 2018 and 2022) the president will then appoint the remaining two senators in the opposition's stead allowing for 9 independents instead.
Potential Senators must meet certain criteria before they can be nominated to the upper chamber.
In order to be eligible for appointment, a person must be a Barbadian citizen of at least 21 years of age who has resided in the country for the past twelve months.
A person is ineligible for appointment if they are in bankruptcy, have a mental illness, hold an allegiance to a foreign state, have a capital punishment sentence, have been in prison for a time exceeding six months, or have been convicted of a crime involving electoral fraud, treason, or other dishonourable acts.
Furthermore, a Senator cannot also serve as a civil servant, a member of the armed forces or police, a judge, a public prosecutor, a controller, or a current sitting member of the House of Assembly.
Senators serve for five years.
Powers.
Both the Senate and the House of Assembly constitutionally share most of the same powers, however, much as in other Westminster System Parliaments, the lower house is dominant.
If the budget is approved by the House of Assembly, but it is not approved un-amended by the Senate within one month, it can be directly submitted to the President.
If regular legislation is approved by the House of Assembly twice in two consecutive sessions, but is not approved of by the Senate either time, it can also be submitted directly to the President.
Officers.
When a session begins, the senate elects a president and a vice president, who may not be ministers or parliamentary secretaries.
The president of the senate usually votes only to break a tie.
Pusia lauta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.
Distribution.
Stronger Thru the Years is a compilation album by Cliff Richard, released in 2017.
The organization is socially active and best known for its movement against dams in Arunachal Pradesh's Dibang basin.
Structure.
The organization is headed by President and General Secretary and a 15-member advisory board led by Chief Adviser.
Focuses.
According to Malo Linggi, President of the union, "AIMSU will work for upliftment of Idu Mishmi people.
The deprivation of Idu youths in employment on matters of appointment in various government departments in Itanagar, Roing and Anini will be a major issue to be taken up by AIMSU.
Another major concern of the union is the alienation of Idu people over their land and resources.
The union will adopt non-violent and democratic means to fight for the cause.
Activities.
1.
Raising issues on education, health and economy in districts of Dibang Valley and Lower Dibang Valley.
2.
Carrying out campaign against large dams in Dibang basin, which is harmful to the interest of Idu Mishmmi community.
Background.
War of Attrition was a brown gelding bred in Ireland by Miss B A Murphy.
He was sired by Presenting out of the broodmare Una Juna and trained by Michael Mouse Morris.
Racing career.
War of Attrition's confirmation and pedigree suggested his potential would blossom when jumping fences over distances, emphasizing stamina.
Therefore, his second at the 2004 Cheltenham Festival in the Supreme Novices' Hurdle when beaten a neck by subsequent Champion Hurdler, Brave Inca, promised a bright future lay ahead when sent chasing.
That promise, along with two comfortable victories in novice chases, hallmarked by sound jumping, saw War of Attrition sent off favourite in the Arkle Challenge Trophy Chase at the 2005 festival, where he could only finish seventh, 14 lengths behind the Martin Pipe trained Contraband.
A first grade-one victory soon followed at the Punchestown Festival in the Swordlestown Novices Cup Chase the following month, providing compensation for the Arkle disappointment and supplying a more accurate indication of War of Attrition's ability after reported minor setbacks latterly in his novice season.
A staying on second to multiple grade-one winner Beef Or Salmon, on his first start over three miles in the Lexus Chase at the Leopardstown Christmas meeting provided a good preparatory run before the testing miles of the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Ridden prominently, the combination of good ground and racing beyond three miles for the first time saw War of Attrition travel comfortably with the generous pace during the festival showpiece.
Taken to the front three fences from home by jockey, Conor O'Dwyer, Mouse Morris's stable star jumped impeccably and ran on strongly up the Cheltenham hill to win racing's most prestigious chase by lengths from 2005 Grand National hero, Hedgehunter.
War of Attrition's win gave O'Dwyer a second victory in the Gold Cup ten years after Imperial Call claimed the race and Ireland a St. Patrick's day first, second and third with Forget The Past completing the placings along with his compatriots.
Racing on less favourable soft ground, the following season proved more difficult, yielding only one win before War of Attrition picked up a tendon injury when in the final phases of preparation for an attempt to defend his Cheltenham Gold Cup crown, keeping him off the track for nearly two years.
It proved another shrewd move by Morris as War of Attrition won two grade two hurdle races, the latter when beating Mourad by a head at Navan in February.
A fourth run in a grade-one race at the Cheltenham Festival followed where War of Attrition enjoyed racing prominently before fading two flights from home in the World Hurdle, won for the second successive year by the top-class staying hurdler Big Buck's.
One final start over the larger obstacles in the Guinness Gold Cup back at the Punchestown Festival provided a fitting end to War of Attrition's career who, on good ground and racing beyond three miles produced another stirring display under Davy Russell to finish a superb second, lengths behind Planet of Sound with 2008 Cheltenham Gold Cup winner Denman back in fourth.
Retirement.
Immediately after his final race, owner Michael O'Leary paid glowing tribute to War of Attrition by saying "apart from the birth of my children, this horse has given me the best days of my life".
The grade-one, three-mile novices' hurdle run at the Punchestown Festival was named in honour of the horse in 2012.
Nataliia Oliinyk (born 9 July 1981) is a Ukrainian Paralympic powerlifter.
She won the silver medal in the women's 79 kg event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
A few months later, she won the bronze medal in the women's 86 kg event at the 2021 World Para Powerlifting Championships held in Tbilisi, Georgia.
In March 2021, she won the silver medal in the women's 79 kg event at the 2021 World Para Powerlifting World Cup event held in Manchester, United Kingdom.
Despite not knowing each other, the two women share a mysterious and emotional bond that transcends language and geography.
It won the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury and the FIPRESCI Prize at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival, as well as the Best Actress Award for Jacob.
Although selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards, it was not accepted as a nominee.
Plot.
In 1968, a Polish girl glimpses the winter stars, while in France, another girl witnesses the first spring leaf.
She tells her father that she has been feeling a sense of not being alone in the world lately.
One day, while walking in the city, she sees a French tourist who looks identical to her and watches as her doppelganger boards a bus and takes photographs.
During the choir's next concert, Weronika suffers a cardiac arrest and dies.
Later, she hears a choir singing Van den Budenmayer's music on a mysterious phone call.
She discovers that the puppeteer's identity is Alexandre Fabbri (Philippe Volter), a children's book author.
Alexandre follows her and asks for her forgiveness.
They confess their feelings for each other and fall asleep together.
She shows him the contents of her handbag, including a proof sheet of photos from her recent trip to Poland.
Alexandre explains that he needs a backup in case the original puppet gets damaged.
He demonstrates how to operate the puppet while the duplicate lies on the table.
Alexandre reads her his new book about two women born on the same day in different cities who have a mysterious connection.
Her father, who is inside the house, seems to sense her presence.
Production.
Filming style.
The film incorporates a strong metaphysical element, yet the supernatural aspect of the story remains unexplained.
Similar to "", Preisner's musical score plays a significant role in the plot and is credited to the fictional Van den Budenmayer.
The cinematography is highly stylized, utilizing color and camera filters to create an ethereal atmosphere.
Filming locations.
Alternative ending.
The final image of the father and daughter embracing is shot from inside the house through a window.
Music.
The film was scored by Zbigniew Preisner.
In the latter, a theme from Van den Budenmayer's "musique funebres" is quoted in the "Song for the Unification of Europe," and the E minor soprano solo is foreshadowed in Weronika's final performance.
Puppetry.
Unlike most puppeteers who usually hide their hands in gloves or use strings or sticks, Schwartz shows his hands while performing.
Reception.
Critical response.
"The Double Life of Veronique" received mostly positive reviews.
In his review in "The Washington Post", Hal Hinson called the film "a mesmerizing poetic work composed in an eerie minor key."
Noting that the effect on the viewer is subtle but very real, Hinson concluded, "The film takes us completely into its world, and in doing so, it leaves us with the impression that our own world, once we return to it, is far richer and portentous than we had imagined."
The film suggests mysterious connections of personality and emotion, but it was never meant to yield any neat, summary idea about the two women's lives."
In his review in the "Chicago Sun-Times", Roger Ebert wrote, "The movie has a hypnotic effect.
We are drawn into the character, not kept at arm's length with a plot."
In his review for "Empire Online", David Parkinson called it "a film of great fragility and beauty, with the delicacy of the puppet theatre."
Parkinson saw the film as "compelling, challenging and irresistibly beautiful" and a "metaphysical masterpiece."
At the "All Movie" web site, the film received a 4-star rating (out of 5) plus "High Artistic Quality" citation.
At "About.com", which specializes in DVD reviews, the film received 5 stars (out of 5) in their critical review.
At "BBC", the film received 3 stars (out of 5).
Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film five stars out of five.
Box office performance.
The film was the 50th highest-grossing film of the year with a total of 592,241 admissions in France.
Home media.
A digitally restored version of the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by The Criterion Collection.
Awards and nominations.
Kuntomintar () is a Pleistocene andesitic stratovolcano located at the southern end of Shiashkotan Island, Kuril Islands, Russia.
Kumtomintar is a high point on a small volcanic ridge with mellow slopes on all side except the north west side.
The mountain is home to many steep drainages, waterfalls, and some small ponds.
The volcano consists of a central cone that fills a 4-4.5 km caldera and its crater is at 1280 feet, is below the main peak, on the north west side, some periods of time hot water drains from the crater into the ocean via creek.
A second caldera is situated on the west side and is breached to the west.
In 1872, an Ainu village was reportedly destroyed by an eruption, but it was later found to be located near Sinarka volcano (Gorshkov, 1970).
The following is a list of unproduced Darren Aronofsky projects in roughly chronological order.
During his long career, American film director Darren Aronofsky has worked on a number of projects which never progressed beyond the pre-production stage under his direction.
Some of these projects fell in "development hell" or were cancelled. 1990s.
"Ronin".
Eleven days after the release of "Pi", his first film, Aronofsky signed a deal with New Line Cinema in July 1998 to direct a film adaptation of Frank Miller's "Ronin" comic book series.
Frank Miller, the author of the comic book, was attached to write the script.
However, the project never materialized and Aronofsky left it to direct "Requiem for a Dream". 2000s.
"Sector 7".
On May 24, 2000, Aronofsky was announced to direct a film adaptation of David Wiesner's "Sector 7" for Nickelodeon Movies.
Eric Watson was attached to produce the film.
However, the project finally fell into development hell, and Aronofsky moved to other projects.
On September 21, 2000, "Variety" reported that Aronofsky had signed a deal with Warner Bros. to direct a fifth Batman film based on Frank Miller's acclaimed comic book "", with Miller attached to write the script, with Eric Watson attached to produce and with Aronofsky's frequent collaborator Matthew Libatique to work on it.
Christian Bale, who later portrayed Batman in Christopher Nolan's "The Dark Knight Trilogy" was attached to star in the lead role.
Gillian B. Loeb was supposed to be the main antagonist of the film, replacing Carmine Falcone as the head of Gotham City's mafia.
Aronofsky also planned to film the movie in Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo, Uruguay.
However, on June 30, 2002, Aronofsky and Miller finally left the project due to other commitments.
A reboot of the "Batman" film series was finally released in 2005 as "Batman Begins" and directed by Christopher Nolan.
"Flicker".
On January 28, 2003, Aronofsky was reported to direct a film adaptation of Theodore Roszak's novel "Flicker".
"Fight Club" screenwriter Jim Uhls was attached to write the script.
However, on February 15, 2006, "Variety" reported that Aronofsky left the project and moved to Universal Pictures.
"Watchmen".
In July 2004, Aronofsky was hired by Paramount Pictures to direct a film adaptation of "Watchmen", with David Hayter as writer (who wrote the script in October 2001) and with Lawrence Gordon, Lloyd Levin and Eric Watson as producers.
However, at the end, Aronofsky left the project due to scheduling contracts with "The Fountain".
The film was eventually released in 2009 directed by Zack Snyder.
"Black Flies".
"The Fighter".
On March 26, 2007, Aronofsky announced that he was attached to direct "The Fighter", a biographical film based on the life of professional boxer Micky Ward.
Scott Silver was attached to write the script.
However, on July 25, 2008, Collider reported that Aronofsky left the project in favor of directing the "RoboCop" remake.
The film was finally released in 2010 and directed by David O. Russell.
"RoboCop".
On July 9, 2008, The Hollywood Reporter reported that MGM was in talks with Aronofsky to direct the long-planned "RoboCop" remake that was first announced in 2005.
Sixteen days later, it was announced during the San Diego Comic-Con International 2008 that Aronofsky would direct the film with David Self attached to write it, leaving the production of Paramount Pictures' "The Fighter".
On June 12, 2009, it was reported that the film would be released in 2011.
However, in July 2009, during the San Diego Comic-Con, MGM reported that the project was slowing down due scheduling conflicts with Aronofsky.
The film was finally released in 2014 and directed by Padilha.
"Breaking the Bank".
On September 21, 2009, Darren Aronofsky was in talks to direct the Lee Murray biopic "Breaking the Bank" from a script by Kelly Williamson.
On May 4, 2012, Gareth Evans replaced Aronofsky as director and XYZ Films will produce and Universal Pictures as distribute the film. 2010s.
"Serena".
However, both Jolie and Aronofsky dropped out, leading to Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence to star, and Susanne Bier directed the adaptation.
"Jackie".
In April 2010, it was announced that Rachel Weisz would star as the title character, with Aronofsky set to direct "Jackie", from Noah Oppenheim script.
However, both Weisz and Aronofsky dropped out after they ended their romantic relationship and Pablo Larrain took over directing the movie.
"The Tiger".
However, both Pitt and Aronofsky dropped out as star and director, respectively, and Alexander Skarsgard and Dane DeHaan were attached to star and Myroslav Slaboshpytskyi took over directing the movie.
"Superman".
On September 28, 2010, MTV News reported that Aronofsky was in talks with Warner Bros. to direct a reboot of the "Superman" film series, after the lukewarm reception of "Superman Returns" in 2006.
However, Aronofsky refused to direct it due his commitment with "Wolverine 2".
A reboot of the "Superman" film series was finally released in 2013 as "Man of Steel" and directed by Zack Snyder.
"The Wolverine".
On October 13, 2010, SuperHeroHype.com reported that Aronofsky was in talks with 20th Century Fox to direct "Wolverine 2", the sixth entry of the "X-Men" film series that started with "X-Men" and the planned sequel of Gavin Hood's poorly-received film "", after "X-Men" director Bryan Singer turned down the offer of directing the film in March 2010.
Seven days later, Hugh Jackman confirmed via Vulture.com that Aronofsky would direct the film.
On November 13, 2010, Aronofsky confirmed via Upprox that the film would be titled now "The Wolverine".
However, on March 17, 2011, "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that Aronofsky left the project because directing would have meant that he had to leave his country for a long time and be away from his family.
The film was finally released in 2013 and directed by James Mangold.
"Machine Man".
"Hobgoblin".
On March 16, 2011, one day before announcing his departure from "The Wolverine" film, Aronofsky reported via "Deadline Hollywood" that he would direct the pilot of a planned TV series entitled "Hobgoblin" for HBO.
The series would have focused on the adventures of a group of magicians and con artists who use their powers of deception to defeat Adolf Hitler during World War II.
Pulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Chabon and Chabon's wife Ayelet Waldman were attached to work on the project.
However, ScreenCrush reported on June 18, 2013 that Aronofsky was pulled out from the project.
"Human Nature".
"The General".
On April 17, 2012, Aronofsky reported that he would direct an "Unforgiven"-style George Washington movie "The General", from a script by Adam Cooper and Bill Collage with Paramount Pictures in negotiations to develop the film.
"Red Sparrow".
On August 14, 2013, "Deadline" reported that Aronofsky was in talks to direct a film adaptation of Jason Matthews' spy novel "Red Sparrow", with Eric Warren Singer attached to write its script.
However, "The Hollywood Reporter" later reported on January 16, 2014, that Aronofsky had abandoned the project.
On June 9, 2014, it was announced that David Fincher would direct the film, although no release date was announced at the moment.
The film was eventually produced with Francis Lawrence directing.
"MaddAddam" TV series.
There have been no developments since.
Untitled artificial intelligence courtroom film.
The men's Greco-Roman middleweight competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place from 16 to 19 October at the Komazawa Gymnasium.
Nations were limited to one competitor.
Competition format.
This Greco-Roman wrestling competition continued to use the "bad points" elimination system introduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics for Greco-Roman and at the 1932 Summer Olympics for freestyle wrestling, as adjusted at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
Each bout awarded 4 points.
If the victory was by fall, the winner received 0 and the loser 4.
If the victory was by decision, the winner received 1 and the loser 3.
If the bout was tied, each wrestler received 2 points.
A wrestler who accumulated 6 or more points was eliminated.
Rounds continued until there were 3 or fewer uneliminated wrestlers.
If only 1 wrestler remained, he received the gold medal.
If 2 wrestlers remained, point totals were ignored and they faced each other for gold and silver (if they had already wrestled each other, that result was used).
If 3 wrestlers remained, point totals were ignored and a round-robin was held among those 3 to determine medals (with previous head-to-head results, if any, counting for this round-robin).
Results.
Round 1.
Andhalkar withdrew after his bout.
Round 2.
Five wrestlers were eliminated, leaving 14 to continue on.
There was a three-way tie for the lead at 1 point.
Round 3.
Another 5 wrestlers were eliminated, leaving 9 remaining.
Round 4.
Three wrestlers were eliminated.
Round 5.
The tie for the silver and bronze medals, however, needed to be broken by a head-to-head match in the final round.
She competed as Virginia Kovacs during her first marriage, to tour player Frank Kovacs.
Born in San Francisco, Wolfenden was a two-time winner of the Pacific Coast Championships, ranking as high as fifth nationally and tenth in the world.
In 1939 she upset the fourth-seeded Dorothy Bundy in the quarter-finals of the U.S. national championships, before losing her semi-final match to world number one Alice Marble.
She took time away from the tour after her marriage to Frank Kovacs and gave birth in 1942 to a baby boy (Frank Jr).
He was born Xiong Shen (), and at the age of 10 succeeded his father King Zhuang of Chu, who was the Hegemon of China.
However, in 575 BC King Gong was defeated by Chu's archrival Jin in the Battle of Yanling and Chu's power declined.
He ruled for 31 years and was succeeded by his eldest son, King Kang of Chu.
Three of King Gong's younger sons also ascended the throne, all by treacherous means.
Battle of Yanling.
When King Gong ascended the throne in 590 BC Chu was the strongest power in China.
In 597 BC his father King Zhuang defeated Chu's archrival Jin in the Battle of Bi and was recognized as the Hegemon by other states.
However, King Gong's reign was marked by Chu's decisive defeat by the resurgent Jin in the 575 BC Battle of Yanling.
The battle was triggered by a series of minor events.
In 577 BC, the Jin vassal state Zheng attacked the Chu vassal state Xu ().
The next year Chu attacked Zheng in revenge, and forced Zheng to switch its loyalty to Chu.
Zheng then attacked Song, another Jin vassal state.
In 575 BC, Duke Li of Jin raised an army to attack Zheng, while King Gong led the Chu army north to defend his new ally.
The two forces met at Yanling, and Jin defeated Chu by attacking its weaker flanks manned by the poorly trained Zheng and Dongyi soldiers.
During the battle King Gong was shot in the eye by an arrow.
Despite his wound, at the end of the day King Gong summoned the chief military commander Zifan to discuss the battle plan for the next day, but caught Zifan drunk.
King Gong decided to retreat and Zifan later committed suicide.
Conflicts with Wu.
While Chu was preoccupied with its rivalry with Jin, the formerly insignificant state of Wu began to rise to its east.
In 598 BC, during King Zhuang's reign, Chu minister Wuchen (Duke of Shen) defected to Jin after a personal dispute with general Zifan.
In 584 BC Wuchen went on a mission to Wu on behalf of Jin to establish an alliance between the two states.
He brought along 100 charioteers who taught the Wu army to use chariots, and successfully incited Wu to revolt against Chu.
The Wu king Shoumeng invaded Chu, annexed the Chu city of Zhoulai, and took over many tribes that had been loyal to Chu.
In 570 BC Chu general Zichong attacked Wu, reaching Mount Heng (in present-day Dangtu County) in Wu territory.
However, Wu counterattacked and took the important Chu city of Jia.
Zichong was blamed for the loss and died from an illness.
For the ensuing seven decades Chu would be consumed by a series of at least ten wars or battles with Wu, culminating in the 506 BC Battle of Boju, when the Wu army would capture and destroy the Chu capital Ying.
Posthumous title.
In 560 BC, when King Gong was dying from illness, he summoned his ministers and requested to be given the pejorative posthumous title of "Ling" () or "Li" (), expressing shame for losing the Battle of Yanling and causing disgrace to the nation.
The ministers agreed at his insistence, but after his death they instead gave him the title "Gong", meaning "humbly reverent".
The pejorative title King Ling was later given to King Gong's second son Xiong Wei, who would in 541 BC murder his nephew Jia'ao and usurp the throne.
Succession.
King Gong had at least five sons, four of whom became king.
When King Gong died in 560 BC, he was succeeded by his eldest son King Kang of Chu, who died in 545 BC after 15 years of reign and was succeeded by his son Xiong Yuan (posthumous title Jia'ao).
Four years later King Gong's second son Prince Wei murdered Jia'ao and his two sons when he was ill, and usurped the throne.
Prince Wei was later given the pejorative posthumous title King Ling of Chu.
In 529 BC when King Ling was on an expedition against the State of Xu, his three younger brothers staged a coup d'etat and killed his son Crown Prince Lu.
Prince Bi, the third brother, ascended the throne (posthumous title Zi'ao), and the fourth brother Prince Zixi became the prime minister.
When news of the coup reached King Ling's troops they abandoned him en masse, and in desperation King Ling killed himself.
However, Prince Qiji, the fifth brother, concealed the truth about King Ling's death from Zi'ao and Zixi.
Instead, he pretended to be defeated by King Ling and said the king would soon return to the capital.
Although not reaching the cult status they enjoyed at home, the group gained a loyal following abroad with their recordings and live performances.
History.
The band - vocalist Yuki Maeda, guitarist Aya Inatsuki, bassist Yukari Hasegawa, keyboardist Rimi Mizusawa, and drummer Erika Kawamura - formed in 1994 while the members - all lifelong friends, while Maeda and Kawamura were also cousins - were in elementary school.
A few years and a string of local performances later, the group came to the notice of members of popular Japanese rock band Judy and Mary and were offered a recording deal with Sony Japan's Pop Artist imprint in 1999.
The group, still in high school at the time, recorded and released their first EP After School, which they quickly followed up with several singles, all original material with the exception of their fourth, a cover of the Jitterin' Jinn hit "Natsu Matsuri".
The single became the band's most popular number and is now more identified with them than with the original group.
Capitalizing on the momentum, the group completed and released their debut full-length album, "Hatsu".
After a fifth single, "Akubi" (a rearranged new recording of a song from their EP), the group divided their time between completing their high school education and working on the follow-up album, "Chameleon".
The latter song, whose title translates to "Off Limits", raised quite a few eyebrows with its uncharacteristic aggressiveness and its music video which depicted the band in rugby uniforms, bumrushing a corporate boardroom and performing their song atop a conference table while businessmen looked on in horror.
"Chameleon" was released in January 2002 and was complimented by reviewers as being a superior follow up to "Hatsu".
Whiteberry featured some darker-themed songs on the album, a contrast from some of the overtly happy material they had done before.
After a short tour behind the album, the group began to finish their final year of high school, in the meantime releasing a trilogy of three singles in late 2002 that featured a cover version of a favorite classic J-Pop or J-Rock hit on the A-side and a new Whiteberry original on the B-side.
The first of these, "Jitensha Dorobou", was accompanied by a fully animated video.
Whiteberry spent most of 2003 off the road and out of the studio as their education took precedence, but were commissioned to record two songs for the soundtrack album to the TV series Superior Defender Gundam Force.
A week after the single was released, the group issued a statement announcing that after ten years together, they were amicably disbanding the group because of Aya, Yukari, Rimi, and Erika's college commitments.
A posthumous anthology, "Kiseki", was released in May 2002, and a DVD counterpart, "Videoberry Final", followed the month afterward.
As of December 2007 Yuki finished with "yukki" solo artist works.
A delta robot is a type of parallel robot that consists of three arms connected to universal joints at the base.
The key design feature is the use of parallelograms in the arms, which maintains the orientation of the end effector.
In contrast, Stewart platform can change the orientation of its end effector.
Delta robots have popular usage in picking and packaging in factories because they can be quite fast, some executing up to 300 picks per minute.
History.
After a visit to a chocolate maker, a team member wanted to develop a robot to place pralines in their packages.
The purpose of this new type of robot was to manipulate light and small objects at a very high speed, an industrial need at that time.
In 1987, the Swiss company Demaurex purchased a license for the delta robot and started the production of delta robots for the packaging industry.
Also in 1999, ABB Flexible Automation started selling its delta robot, the FlexPicker.
By the end of 1999, delta robots were also sold by Sigpack Systems.
Design.
The delta robot is a parallel robot, i.e. it consists of multiple kinematic chains connecting the base with the end-effector.
The robot can also be seen as a spatial generalisation of a four-bar linkage.
The key concept of the delta robot is the use of parallelograms which restrict the movement of the end platform to pure translation, i.e. only movement in the X, Y or Z direction with no rotation.
The robot's base is mounted above the workspace and all the actuators are located on it.
From the base, three middle jointed arms extend.
The ends of these arms are connected to a small triangular platform.
Actuation of the input links will move the triangular platform along the X, Y or Z direction.
Actuation can be done with linear or rotational actuators, with or without reductions (direct drive).
Since the actuators are all located in the base, the arms can be made of a light composite material.
As a result of this, the moving parts of the delta robot have a small inertia.
This allows for very high speed and high accelerations.
Having all the arms connected together to the end-effector increases the robot stiffness, but reduces its working volume.
In this case a fourth leg extends from the base to the middle of the triangular platform giving to the end effector a fourth, rotational degree of freedom around the vertical axis.
Vertical linear actuators have recently been used (using a linear delta design) to produce a novel design of 3D printer.
These offer advantages over conventional leadscrew-based 3D printers of quicker access to a larger build volume for a comparable investment in hardware.
Applications.
Industries that take advantage of the high speed of delta robots are the packaging industry, medical and pharmaceutical industry.
For its stiffness it is also used for surgery.
Other applications include high precision assembly operations in a clean room for electronic components.
The structure of a delta robot can also be used to create haptic controllers.
More recently, the technology has been adapted to 3D printers.
Asinara is an Italian island of in area.
The name is Italian for "donkey-inhabited", but it is thought to derive from the Latin "sinuaria", and meaning sinus-shaped.
The island is virtually uninhabited.
The census of population of 2001 lists one man.
The island is located off the north-western tip of Sardinia, and is mountainous in geography with steep, rocky coasts.
Because fresh water is scarce, trees are sparse and low scrub is the predominant vegetation.
Part of the national parks system of Italy, the island was recently converted to a wildlife and marine preserve.
It is home to a population of wild Albino donkeys from which the island may take its name.
Geography and geology.
Asinara is located at the north-western tip of Sardinia.
It is a territory of with a length of and a width which ranges from at Cala di Sgombro to of the northern part, as well as of coast length.
The highest point, at , is Punta della Scomunica.
The territory is entirely state property.
The island is formed by four mountainous sections linked by a narrow, flat coastal belt.
The windswept west coast is steep and rocky with a very deep sea bottom.
The west coast turns down towards the bay of Asinara.
As an extension of the larger island, Asinara is the second largest island after Sant'Antioco.
The surface is hilly, covered by thick Mediterranean scrub and few trees, with the exception of a wooded area in the northern part of the island.
In the other parts of the island only small trees survive, mostly junipers.
The island has indented coast, as seen from Cape Falcone.
The west side of the island is more rocky and steep, while the east has wide, flat areas with a maximum height of .
There are only three sandy beaches, all on the eastern coast. , of the surrounding marine and underwater environment is a protected natural area.
From a geological point of view, the Asinara is part of the Nurra of north-western Sardinia, made up by more than 80 percent of metamorphic rock.
The rock characterizes the island landscape together with the woody vegetation.
Among the metamorphic rocks, great interest is attached to rare black Hercynean amphibolites 950 million years old, the oldest rocks in Italy.
History.
Early history.
Human habitation on the island dates back to the Neolithic Age, with Domus de Janas (sprites' houses) near Campu Perdu.
Carved into soft limestone, the constructions are unique to the island.
Because of its central position in the Mediterranean, Asinara was known and used by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans.
The Camaldolite monastery of Sant'Andrea and the Castellaccio on Punta Maestra, Fornelli, may date to the Middle Ages.
The island was also an object of pirate raids by the Saracens.
Later, ownership of Asinara was contested between Pisa, the Republic of Genoa, and the kingdom of Aragon.
From the 17th century, shepherds from Sardinia and Liguria colonized the island.
In 1721, it became property of the Savoy Kingdom of Sardinia.
About 100 families of Sardinian farmers and Genoese fishermen who lived on Asinara were obliged to move to Sardinia, where they founded the village of Stintino.
During the First World War, the island was used as a prison camp for some 24,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers, 5,000 of whom died during their imprisonment.
It was used as a place of detention for Ethiopian POWs during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.
Majority of the Ethiopians kept there were members of the Ethiopian nobility.
In the 1970s the prison facilities were refurbished as a maximum security prison.
Prisoners and warders were the only inhabitants of Asinara for about 110 years, until the closure of the prison in December 1997.
Construction on the island has been forbidden for the last century.
Modern history and the national park.
In 1997 Asinara was established as a National Park, and is now a nature reserve.
Its natural beauty, unspoiled by the sparse human settlement, made it an ideal candidate.
Since 1999, tourists have been able to visit Asinara Island, but only through organized and guided tours.
Swimming is permitted only on three beaches and docking of private boats is forbidden.
In 2002, the waters offshore of the national park were zoned and designated as Italy's newest marine protected area, encompassing of coastline around the island and of its coastal waters.
There are two no access, no fishing zones on Asinara Island.
There are many species of native and introduced mammals on the island, including horses, asses, goats, sheep, and pigs.
The island's vegetation is a mix of plants native to Sardinia, plants common throughout the Mediterranean, or introduced plants found in other bioregions, including North America.
The island also harbors several rarely seen species, including the white Asinara donkey.
There are many old facilities on the island, including the prison facilities, but also small cities built for and by the inhabitants of the quarantine camp, and for the staff that serviced the camp and the prison.
All of these have been turned over to the national park, and in tandem the marine protected area, who sorted out what will be kept and with what restoration is needed.
Details of protection.
A Presidential Decree, on 3 October 2002, officially set both the Park and the Park body, which is a management body envisioned for national parks by a framework on protected areas.
The park body will also manage the Protected Marine Area set by decree of the Minister of the environment and land protection on 13 August 2002.
Both the park and the marine area are enclosed in the protected area "international cetacean sanctuary"(Act.
Asinara is furthermore a Site of Community importance. (on 3 April 2000).
There are strict regulations on the island put in place to guarantee the conservation of the marine and land habitats.
Institutional decrees (M.D.
28.11.97, M.D.
13.8.02, Presidential Decree 3.10.02), with numerous clauses, include no permission to use own vehicles, prohibition of sport fishing, anchorage and navigation with the exception of authorized means.
Ecology.
The vegetation of Asinara is a typical Mediterranean macchia, with lentisk, "Euphorbia", tree heath ("Erica arborea"), "Calicotome spinosa", "Phillyrea angustifolia", Phoenician juniper and cistus.
The flora consists of 678 species, 29 of which are endemic.
The fauna numbers around 80 wild species of terrestrial vertebrates, including mouflon, wild boar, horses, Sardinian donkeys and the white Asinara donkey, which was introduced onto the island at the beginning of the 1800s, and probably abandoned when the inhabitants were moved to Stintino.
Birds include the rare Audouin's gull, cormorants, peregrine falcons and the Barbary partridge.
Asinara is the only place in Sardinia where the magpie is present.
The marine setting is rocky in the eastern side, with steep slopes and ravines, but mainly sandy in the western area.
The shallowest part of the coast is colonized by two rare species, the red alga "Lithophyllum lichenoides" and the endangered giant limpet "Patella ferruginea".
Catie Cuan an artist and innovator in the field of choreorobotics.
She is a robotics Ph.D. candidate at Stanford University in the Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Early life and education.
As a ballet dancer and choreographer, she has performed with the Metropolitan Opera Ballet and the Lyric Opera of Chicago.
Career.
Cuan credits her work in robotics to the experience after her father had experienced a stroke, and was surrounded by medical machines, and how people might, "feel empowered and hopeful rather than afraid."
In the production, she danced with an ABB IRB 6700 industrial robot.
She was the Futurist-in-Residence at the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building and performed at the closing ceremonies of the FUTURES exhibit on July 6, 2022.
Ilyashenko received in 1969 from Moscow State University his Russian candidate degree (Ph.D.) under Evgenii Landis.
Ilyashenko was a professor at Moscow State University, an academic at Steklov Institute, and also taught at the Independent University of Moscow.
He became a professor at Cornell University.
His research deals with, among other things, what he calls the "infinitesimal Hilbert's sixteenth problem", which asks what one can say about the number and location of the boundary cycles of planar polynomial vector fields.
The problem is not yet completely solved.
Ilyashenko attacked the problem using new techniques of complex analysis (such as functional cochains).
He proved that planar polynomial vector fields have only finitely many limit cycles.
He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1978 at Helsinki and in 1990 with talk "Finiteness theorems for limit cycles" at Kyoto.
For sheet metal forming analysis within the metal forming process, a successful technique requires a non-contact optical 3D deformation measuring system.
The system analyzes, calculates and documents deformations of sheet metal parts, for example.
It provides the 3D coordinates of the component's surface as well as the distribution of major and minor strain on the surface and the material thickness reduction.
In the Forming Limit Diagram, the measured deformations are compared to the material characteristics.
Forming analysis system operates independently of the material.
It can analyze components made from flat blanks, tubes or other components manufactured by an internal high pressure forming process (IHPF, Hydro forming).
Functional principle explained by means of a standard measuring project.
The forming analysis system compares the 3D positions of measuring points in a flat and in a deformed state.
Prior to the deformation, a regular point pattern is applied to the surface of the measuring object.
For measuring objects which undergo high friction during the forming process, the measuring points are applied, for example, with the help of electrolytic methods.
After the forming process of the measuring object, a camera (online or stand-alone operation) records the measuring points in several different images with different views.
Forming analysis system works with two point types.
In the Forming analysis system, the 3D computation of the measuring points is done using photogrammetric methods.
For the automatic spatial orientation of the individual images or views, coded points are position close to or on the measuring object.
The basic idea of Photogrammetry is to look at points (coded and uncoded) from different directions and to calculate the 3D coordinates of these points from the images or point rays thus obtained.
The points visible in an image have a fixed relation to each other.
Therefore, by means of images made from other angles of view, it is possible to calculate the camera location using this point relation.
During the acquisition of an image set it is the goal to record points from multiple different directions that show the largest possible angles (A, B, C) to each other.
It is the task of the Forming analysis system software to precisely find ellipses (a perspective view of point surfaces) in all images of the image set and their 3D orientation.
The Forming analysis system software interprets the images and generates 3D measuring data.
In order to compute the strain, the flat state is compared to the deformed state.
As a default, Forming analysis system presumes an exactly regular initial pattern which is on one plane and for which the point distance is known.
This is called the "virtual reference stage" and is marked with Stage 0 in italic letters in the software.
All strain values refer to the adjusted computation parameter Point distance.
The Forming analysis system software is also capable of analyzing several static deformation states (stages) within one project where each deformation stage can be set as strain reference any time.
This procedure may be used, for example, for the deformation analysis of tubes.
This means that based on the center points of the measuring points a grid surface is created.
Each grid line intersection point represents a 3D measuring point.
Calliostoma chuni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.
Description.
Distribution.
Bolt is an Estonian mobility company that offers ride-hailing, micromobility rental, food and grocery delivery (via the Bolt Food app), and car-sharing services.
The company is headquartered in Tallinn and operates in over 500 cities in more than 45 countries in Europe, Africa, Western Asia and Latin America.
The company has more than 100 million customers globally and more than 3 million partners use Bolt's platforms to offer rides and deliveries to customers.
History.
Bolt (then "Taxify") was founded in 2013 by Markus Villig, then a 19 year-old high-school student.
This allowed him to build the prototype of the app while recruiting drivers personally on the streets of Tallinn.
The service was launched in Tallinn, Estonia in August 2013 and by 2014 it was operating abroad.
In 2017, Bolt launched its services in London by acquiring a local taxi company with a licence to operate, but was forced by Transport for London to shut down its services.
The company has filed a new licence application and relaunched in London in June 2019.
In September 2018, the company announced it was expanding into micromobility services (scooter and e-bike rental).
After launching scooters in Paris, Bolt expanded its micromobility operations across Europe.
As of February 2023, Bolt is the largest micromobility operator in Europe with operations in 260 cities across 25 countries in Europe and 245,000 shared vehicles available for rental.
In August 2019, the company rolled out its food delivery service, Bolt Food.
Bolt Food launched in Tallinn, and has since expanded to over 80 cities across 20 countries with over 30,000 partner restaurants using the platform.
In September 2019, Bolt announced its "Green Plan", an initiative to reduce the ecological footprint of the transportation industry and Bolt as a company.
In May 2021, Bolt launched a car-sharing service, Bolt Drive.
In September 2021, Bolt launched a grocery delivery service, Bolt Market.
Financing.
In August 2017, Didi Chuxing invested an undisclosed amount believed to be an "eight-figure U.S. dollar sum".
In January 2020, the European Investment Bank (EIB) signed a EUR 50 million venture debt facility with Bolt.
The financing, supported by the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI), is to boost Bolt's product development in areas where technology can improve the safety, reliability and sustainability of its services.
This includes investment in existing services such as vehicle for hire and food delivery, as well as the development of new products.
As of 2021, Didi Chuxing was no longer an investor in Bolt.
In August 2019, Bolt and the University of Tartu announced their partnership on an applied research project to develop self-driving technology for autonomous cars.
The joint-research programme set a goal for integrating autonomous vehicles (AVs) on Bolt's transportation app by 2026.
Caroline Island (also known as Caroline Atoll or Millennium Island) is the easternmost of several uninhabited coral atolls comprising the southern Line Islands in the central Pacific Ocean nation of Kiribati.
The atoll was first sighted by Europeans in 1606 and was claimed by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1868.
It has been part of the Republic of Kiribati since the island nation's independence in 1979.
Caroline Island has remained relatively untouched and is one of the world's most pristine tropical islands, despite guano mining, copra (coconut meat) harvesting, and human habitation in the 19th and 20th centuries.
It is home to one of the world's largest populations of the coconut crab and is an important breeding site for seabirds, most notably the sooty tern.
The atoll is known as the first place on Earth to see sunrise each day during much of the year, and for its role in the millennium celebrations of 2000.
A 1995 realignment of the International Date Line made Caroline Island the first point of land on Earth to reach 1 January 2000 on the calendar.
History.
Prehistory.
The atolls (ring-shaped coral reefs) of the Pacific Ocean are the most marginal environment in the world for human habitation.
They have generally not been occupied for more than 1,500 years, but started to be settled by humans once permanent islets formed around lagoons.
In comparison with other atolls, Caroline Island has been relatively undisturbed.
There are indications that early Polynesians reached the island before Europeans, as several "marae" (communal or sacred places) and graves have been discovered, but no evidence has been found of long-term settlement.
Evidence of the largest of the "marae", located on the west side of Nake Islet, was documented in 1883.
Early sightings and accounts.
Ferdinand Magellan may have sighted Caroline Island on 4 February 1521.
The island was next seen by Europeans on 16 December 1795, when the British naval officer William Robert Broughton of named it Carolina, after the daughter of Philip Stephens, the First Secretary of the Admiralty.
The island was sighted in 1821 by the English whaler "Supply", and was then named "Thornton Island" for the ship's captain.
It was also recorded in the 19th century as Hirst Island and Clark Island.
Other early visits which left behind accounts of the island include that of the USS "Dolphin" in 1825, written by the United States Navy officer Hiram Paulding.
According to this account, the crew of the "Dolphin" supplied themselves with fish from the island, although when wading back to their ship they were attacked by sharks.
The English whaling ship "Tuscan" reached Caroline island in 1835, and the geography and wildlife of the island were recorded by the ship's surgeon, the biologist Frederick Debell Bennett, in his "Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Round the Globe From the Year 18331836".
Bennett knew that the island was seldom visited, "although it is usually 'sighted' by South-Seamen, when on their way from the Society Islands to the North Pacific".
He noted that about seven years before the arrival of the "Tuscan", a Captain Stavers had landed on the island and left behind some pigs, of which no trace remained. 1883 solar eclipse.
In 1883 two expeditions arrived on Caroline Island in time to observe and record the solar eclipse of 6 May.
On 22 March, American and English astronomers left the Peruvian port of Callao aboard the , arriving at the island on 20 April.
Among those in the American expedition were the astronomers Edward S. Holden of the Washburn Observatory, the expedition's leader, and William Upton, professor of astronomy at Brown University.
An expedition from France arrived two days later in the "L'Eclaireur".
As small boats could not come close to the shore, the equipment was carried to the island by men standing in about of water, and then about further to the observation site.
During the eclipse, the astronomers searched for Vulcan, a hypothetical intra-Mercurial planet, but discovered nothing.
The Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa, a member of the French expedition, discovered an asteroid later that year, which he named Carolina after the island.
Commercial enterprises and British claim.
In 1868, Caroline was claimed for Britain by the captain of HMS "Reindeer", which noted 27 residents in a settlement on South Islet.
Houlder Brothers and Co. conducted minimal guano mining on the island from 1874.
In 1885 Arundel established a coconut plantation, but the coconut palms suffered from disease and the plantation failed.
The settlement on the island lasted until 1904, when the six remaining Polynesians were relocated to Niue.
The island was leased to S.R.
Maxwell and Company and a new settlement was established in 1916, this time built entirely upon copra export.
Much of the South islet was deforested to make way for coconut palms, a non-indigenous plant.
The business venture, however, went into debt, and the island's settlement slowly decreased in population.
By 1926, it was down to only ten residents, and by 1936, the settlement consisted of only two Tahitian families.
It was abandoned in the late 1930s.
During World War II, Caroline Island remained unoccupied, and no military action took place there.
Under British jurisdiction, it was formally repossessed by the British Western Pacific High Commission in 1943 and then governed as part of the Central and Southern Line Islands.
A Tahitian family was found to be living on the atoll when the American sailor John Caldwell visited it in September 1946.
In January 1972, the Central and Southern Line Islands were joined with the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, which had become autonomous in 1971.
Kiribati.
When the Gilbert Islands became the independent nation of Kiribati in 1979, Caroline Island became Kiribati's easternmost point.
The island is owned by the government of the Republic of Kiribati and overseen by the Ministry of Line and Phoenix Islands Development, which is headquartered on Kiritimati.
Claims to sovereignty over the island by the United States were relinquished in the 1979 Treaty of Tarawa, ratified by the U.S. Senate in 1983.
The island was inhabited from 1987 to 1991 by Anne and Ron Falconer and their children, who developed a largely self-sufficient settlement.
Following a transfer of ownership, the Falconers left the island.
In the 1990s, the island was occasionally visited by Polynesian copra gatherers under agreements with the Kiribati government in Tarawa.
On 23 December 1994, the Republic of Kiribati announced a change of time zone for the Line Islands would take effect on 31 December 1994.
This adjustment placed all of Kiribati on the Asian or western side of the International Date Line.
Other Pacific nations, including Tonga, New Zealand and Fiji, protested the move, objecting that it infringed on their claims to be the first land to see dawn in the year 2000.
In August 1997, to promote events to mark the arrival of the year 2000, Caroline Island was renamed Millennium Island by the Kiribati government.
In December 1999, over 70 Kiribati singers and dancers travelled to Caroline from South Tarawa, accompanied by approximately 25 journalists, as part of the celebrations to mark the arrival of the new millennium.
The broadcast had an estimated audience of up to one billion viewers worldwide.
The deal was rejected by the Kiribati government based on a report from the Kiribati Foreign Investment Commission.
Geography and climate.
Caroline Island lies near the southeastern end of the Line Islands, a string of atolls extending across the equator, south of the Hawaiian Islands in the central Pacific Ocean.
The slightly crescent-shaped atoll has a land area of .
According to the path of the International Date Line, the atoll is the easternmost point of land on Earth.
Most landings are made at a small break in the reef at the northeast corner of South Islet.
There is no standing fresh water on Caroline Island, but Nake Islet and South Islet have underground freshwater aquifers and freshwater lenses.
Little is known about the island's existing freshwater lenses.
Soils are of poor quality, dominated by coral gravel and sand, with organic content present only within stable, forested island centers.
Guano deposits make island soil, where it does exist, nitrogen-rich.
Like the rest of Kiribati, Caroline Island enjoys a tropical maritime climate which is consistently hot and humid, with air temperatures that relate closely to sea temperature.
There is no weather station located at Caroline.
During 2014 (as of 2021 the last year for which data is publicly available), monthly mean temperatures at South Tarawa, the capital of Kiribati, ranged between , with maximum monthly temperatures ranging from and minimum temperatures ranging from .
Tides are on the order of , and trade winds, generally from the northeast, mean that corner of the island experiences the roughest seas.
Caroline Island is among the most remote islands on Earth.
It is from the closest land at Flint Island, and from the nearest continental land in North America.
Geology.
Caroline Atoll is one of over 175 atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean.
The English naturalist and geologist Charles Darwin first suggested the theory, still accepted, that atolls originate from calcium carbonate platforms that grow around the cones of extinct, sinking volcanoes.
The coral reef will continue to develop as long as it is not overtaken by rising sea levels, in which case the corals will perish and the atoll will stop growing.
Caroline Island is one of 12 seamounts in the chain to rise above sea level.
The igneous rocks of all the Line Islands consist of alkali basalts and hawaiites, and are similar to those found in the Hawaiian Islands.
Several models have been proposed to explain the formation of the chain's complex geology.
In 1972, the American geophysicist W. Jason Morgan postulated that the chain was formed 70 myr ago in parallel with the creation of the Hawaiian Islands, each by means of a single hotspot.
Other experts argued against this model, pointing to geometric and paleomagnetic evidence, and the complex timing of the volcanic episodes that created the Line Island chain.
In a 1976 paper, Winterer implied that chains of volcanoes were created by a series of individual hotspots.
During the 1980s, scientists put forward new theories to explain the evolution of the chain, including a transform fracture zone theory (since refuted by paleomagnetic data), and a multiple hotspot model which is still being discussed as of 2020.
A combination of hotspot-transform fracture zone phenomena is also possible.
Flora and fauna.
Despite more than three centuries of occasional human impact on Caroline Island, it is one of very few remaining near-pristine tropical islands.
The United Nations rated the atoll with a 'Human Impact Index' rating of 1 in 1998, making it one of the most unspoiled islands in the world.
Its undisturbed state has led to a proposal that it be designated a World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve.
Caroline was visited in 1965 by the Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program, in 1974 by the Line Island Expedition, and in 1988 and 1991 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Wildlife Conservation Unit.
A 1991 Kiribati Government expedition, comprising personnel of the Wildlife Conservation Unit and officials of the Ministry of Line and Phoenix Islands Development, agreed that with the exception of South Islet, Long Islet, and Nake Islet, the Caroline Atoll islets should become Wildlife Sanctuaries.
Caroline's islets are made up of seven concentric plant communities, defined by a dominant species.
Coconut palms were introduced to the atoll after it was first discovered by Europeans, and a large plantation still exists on South Islet, with palms growing to a lesser degree on Long Islet and Nake Islet.
Caroline Island and Flint Island host one of the world's largest populations of the coconut crab ("Birgus latro").
Other native animals include the "Tridacna" clam, which is abundant in the central lagoon, hermit crabs, and multiple species of lizards.
Giant clam populations reach densities up to four per square foot (43 per m2) in parts of the lagoon.
The most common species is the "small giant clam" "Tridacna maxima", and the largest clam species, "Tridacna gigas", is also found in the lagoon.
The lagoon is a nursery habitat for fish species, including important and heavily exploited species such as the blacktip reef shark ("Carcharhinus melanopterus") and the endangered Napoleon wrasse ("Cheilinus undulatus").
The atoll is designated as a wildlife sanctuary for turtle nesting.
The endangered green turtle ("Chelonia mydas") nests on the beaches of Caroline Island, but there have been reports of poaching by homesteaders.
Human contact has caused the introduction of about twenty non-native species of flora to Caroline Island, including the vine "Ipomoea violacea", which has begun to proliferate.
Domestic cats and dogs introduced alongside a small homestead have driven the seabird population away from the islet of Motu Ana-Ana.
Environmental issues.
Caroline Island is low-lying, with no land greater than above sea level.
The UNEP reported in 2006 that Caroline could disappear "within the next 3050 years".
Caroline Island has recovered from destruction caused by settlers and business opportunists.
The island's indigenous plant and animal species are thriving, and it was reported in 2010 that its coral reefs are among the most pristine in the world.
The introduced coconut palm is a highly competitive plant which blocks the light and so prevents other species from growing, but is only prevalent on South Islet.
Gwyn Hughes Jones (born 25 October 1969) is a Welsh operatic tenor, best known for his leading roles in romantic Italian operatic repertoire.
Early life and education.
Gwyn Hughes Jones was born in Llanbedrgoch, Anglesey, Wales, and studied at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and the National Opera Studio.
Career.
Jones began his operatic career at Welsh National Opera in 1995, appearing as Ismaele in Verdi's "Nabucco".
He has subsequently appeared for WNO in roles such as Cavaradossi in Tosca, Don Alvaro in La forza del destino and Pinkerton in Madam Butterfly.
In 2011, he appeared as Cavaradossi in Puccini's "Tosca" directed by Catherine Malfitano for English National Opera.
In 2012, he made his debut for the New York Metropolitan Opera as Manrico in Verdi's "Il trovatore" directed by David McVicar.
In 2015, he was cast as Don Alvaro in Verdi's "La forza del destino" by director Calixto Bieito.
In 2016, he was cast as Turiddu in Mascagni's "Cavalleria Rusticana" by director Elijah Moshinsky.
Recordings.
Early life.
Religious education.
Richard taught at Oxford University as well as Cambridge University, where he tutored the future "seminary priest" Alexander Briant.
Leaving Oxford without a degree, Holtby proceeded to the English College at Douay, where he arrived by way of Antwerp, in August 1577, and was received into the Roman Catholic Church.
The college was relocated to Reims, where Holtby continued his theological studies until February 1579, when he was sent on the English mission.
He returned to England, probably on a merchant ship belonging to the Hodgsons of Hebburn.
The Hodgsons regularly gave passage to priests from the continent to Shields, Hebburn, and Newcastle.
After resting at Hebburn Hall they were passed on to other "safe houses" in the North.
Holtby was a capable gardner, mason, and carpenter.
A skilled mechanic, he constructed many cleverly contrived hiding-places for the persecuted priests.
He could also ply the needle to make vestments and altar-cloths.
In 1581, Father Edmund Campion paid him a visit, and while staying in his house composed the famous "Decem Rationes" and urged him to join the Society of Jesus.
Richard entered the Society of Jesus in 1583 and crossed the English Channel to participate in his Spiritual Exercises with Father Thomas Derbyshire.
There he was one of three out of thirteen contemporaries who survived the black plague.
Mission in England.
The father-general, Aquaviva, sent him back to England in 1589.
From 1593 to about 1605, Holtby worked in the northern counties.
Much of that time he spent in the house of John Trollope in Thornley, Durham.
On one occasion, Holtby and his host's eldest son were returning from a baptism at some distance, when they saw that the house was being searched.
As they had been observed by the pursuivants, they had to flee on foot and hide in the woods for two days.
In 1603 he was professed of the four vows.
Later life and death.
On vacating his office he returned to the north of England, where he exercised much influence among the Catholics.
In order to evade arrest he assumed the aliases of Andrew Ducket, Robert North, and Richard Fetherston.
One of his bases was Harbour House Farm near Chester-Le-Street owned by the Forcer family.
He died in the Durham district on 14 May (O.S.)
He is best known for assisting his brother with the creation of the first equestrian statue in northern Europe.
Life and work.
The date and place of the birth of Claude Lamoureux are unknown.
He probably came to Sweden with his stepfather Jean Baptiste Dieussart, who in 1664 entered service with count Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, the Lord High Chancellor of Sweden.
Lamoureux, like his brother, was probably an apprentice or assistant of his stepfather.
Around 1685, Lamoureux married Anne Marie Pedersdatter Stephensen, a local woman, with whom he had four known children between 1686 and 1698.
From 1686 he was employed as his brother's assistant, receiving an annual salary of 100 rigsdalers.
In 1699, Lamoureux left the service of the Danish court and was paid the expenses for leaving Denmark.
Founded in the ninth century, and under construction until the 14th century, it was the most important monastery in the county of Barcelona.
Its most notable architectural feature is its large Romanesque cloister.
History.
The monastery started to expand its holdings from the 10th century onwards.
In the year 985, it was damaged by an attack of Muslim troops led by al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, who then repaired it and added the minaret, which remains the highest point of the complex today.
The abbot of St. Ponce moved to the monastery and the monks who disagreed with his administration were expelled.
However, the bishop of Barcelona claimed his rights over the monastery, which was returned to the diocese of Barcelona.
In the mid-12th century, the construction of a new monastery was begun.
It was finished in 1337.
In 1350, work began on the fortifications.
During the War of Spanish Succession, it was occupied by troops of Archduke Charles, causing damage to the structure.
Restoration work was completed in 1789.
In 1835, the monastery was abandoned by the monks, remaining empty until 1851, when restoration began.
It was declared a National Monument in 1931.
Architecture and fittings.
The most distinctive feature of the monastery is its cloister, a notable example of Romanesque art, dating to the 12th century.
In the 16th century a second floor was added, as well as an atrium and the entrance.
It has a square plan with semicircular arches, supported by pairs of columns.
Each of the latter has a finely decorated capital, with various details ranging from animals to biblical scenes.
Though the cloister is Romanesque, the church is built in the Gothic style, having a nave and two aisles.
It belongs to Pattuthurai panchayat and is situated in the district of Salem in the state of Tamil Nadu, South India.
The place takes its name from Puram Shiva Shankar, one out of hundred names for Shiva.
Agriculture and poultry are the two most important businesses in this region.
Alief Kerr High School is an Alief ISD public school located in the Alief community, and in the limited purpose city limits of Houston, Texas, United States.
The school is a part of the Alief Independent School District and serves grades 9 through 12.
The school also received the award in 2016, one of only 26 Texas schools to receive the award.
The school also received the award in 2022.
It is located in the International District.
History.
Kerr High School was formally dedicated on March 12, 1995.
It was named for Carey Jean Kerr, who began her 15-year career in Alief at Chancellor Elementary in 1976.
Kerr died in 1992 after a severe asthma attack.
The school opened in the fall of 1994.
In May 1996, the first class had approximately 55 students graduate.
Demographics.
Structure.
Unlike a regular magnet school, such as Houston ISD's DeBakey High School for Health Professions, Kerr does not have an official area of concentration.
Unlike traditional campuses, students are not separated into individual classes with one assigned teacher.
Students can seek out a variety of peer and teacher input, and can work at their own pace, following their given deadlines.
Rather than the teaching of a traditional classroom, students are taught in big centers, where students from 9-12 grade are together learning their different core subjects.
Students usually apply to Kerr in their 8th grade year, but applications can be accepted in later grades.
Students and their parents must attend an orientation and then students submit applications.
Admission to Kerr is determined based on grades, student behavior, and attendance records.
Traditional high schools in Alief ISD are assigned by a lottery to either Alief Elsik High School, Alief Hastings High School, or Alief Taylor High School.
Kerr High School added an extension building in the summer of 2017, which was targeted towards the fine arts, such as band, orchestra, choir, visual arts, and theater arts.
Independent learning.
Kerr is based on independent learning.
Under a teacher's guidance, the student proceeds through their course on their own.
They are given deadlines for completion of assignments, projects, and tests.
Although students are in an independent learning environment, they can always ask teachers for help.
Mondays through Fridays (excluding Wednesdays due to it being a short school day) are days where students can stay after school for tutorials or seminars for any extra help.
An example of this would be on Mondays where the Science center is open during after-school hours for students to come for any needed help or to ask questions on material.
Students may also go the library to complete assignments, study, or read.
In many classes, teachers go over the course material once a week in a seminar.
Separate seminar rooms are available for teacher instruction.
These seminars are usually given when students receive a new PAK, or a few days before testing day, as a review.
Personal Activity Kits.
Instead of traditional assignments, PAKs (Personal Activity Kits) are administered for each class.
PAKs include all the work for the unit.
The PAK system encourages students to participate in teamwork, seminars, and large groups to provide opportunities for teacher-directed and group learning.
After the PAK is turned in, a test or a quiz is given over that material.
New PAKs are typically issued every one to two weeks.
Centers.
Instead of small traditional classrooms, Alief Kerr has large centers for each core subject.
Every class in a specific subject is held in the subject's center.
For example, all the science classes are held in the Science Center.
This includes Anatomy, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Aquatic Science, and Physics.
Centers can hold up to 150 students.
Teachers are typically responsible for more than one subject at a time.
A science teacher may be teaching Chemistry I, Physics I, and AP Physics during the same period.
The centers at Alief Kerr include Art, Business, English, Foreign Language, Math, Science, and Social Studies.
While these classrooms are smaller than the major centers, these classes still abide by Kerr's theme of independent learning and the PAK system.
Testing.
Because of Kerr's unusual environment, traditional examination administration is difficult, especially when other classes are in the center.
Clubs and organizations.
Some clubs organize events throughout the school year.
Each has a sponsor who is a Kerr staff member, who help supervises the club and its officers.
The clubs at Kerr encourage students to be more involved in school activities and form friendships throughout that experience.
The clubs welcome anyone who wants to join.
When the school opened in 1994, it did not have a fine arts program, as instruction was limited to core academic areas.
The school has since added fine arts instruction in band, orchestra, choir, art, theater, and speech and debate.
Rankings and acknowledgements.
The school also received the award in 2016, one of only 26 Texas schools to receive the award.
TEA acknowledgements.
Alief Kerr achieved the "Recognized" status from the Texas Education Agency accountability ratings system in the 2006, 2007 and 2008 school years.
For the 2009, 2010, and 2011 school years, Alief Kerr received the highest recognition possible, "Exemplary", from the TEA.
The school received an A grade in all three domains with a score of 98 in Student Achievement, 97 in School Progress, and 100 in Closing the Gaps.
The school received six of the seven possible distinction designations.
Children At Risk is a policy research and advocacy organization focused on improving children's quality of life.
The organization ranks public high schools in eight counties of the Houston metro area.
Kerr has done well on Children At Risk rankings annually.
It is currently ranked 5th in the Greater Houston Area.
Kerr is also ranked 4th best as a Math and Science school in the Houston area.
Autosticha academica is a moth in the family Autostichidae.
It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922.
It is found on Java in Indonesia.
The forewings are yellow ochreous, sprinkled with dark fuscous and with small suffused dark fuscous spots on the costa at the base, one-fourth, the middle, and three-fourths.
The stigmata are large and blackish, the plical rather obliquely beyond the first discal.
There is an angulated series of blackish dots near and parallel to the posterior part of the costa and termen.
It was published by "Deutscher Verlag".
History.
"Das Reich" was mainly the creation of Rudolf Sparing, Rolf Rienhardt and Max Amann.
Its circulation grew from 500,000 in October 1940 to over 1,400,000 by 1944.
Aside from a weekly editorial, Goebbels was not involved in the publication.
Most, but not all, of his articles after 1940 appeared in it.
From May 1940 he wrote 218 editorials.
When Allied forces landed in Italy, and Mussolini was briefly deposed, Goebbels decided not to write an editorial.
Contents.
The paper contained news reports, essays on various subjects, book reviews, and an editorial written by Goebbels.
Some of the content was written by foreign authors.
Among other topics, it covered the uncertain casualty lists from Stalingrad, distinguished between German and Allied invasions to suggest the latter would be unsuccessful, discussed the bombing raids and the V-1, deplored American culture, portrays American morale as poor (though not suggesting they would give up because of it), and finally declared that Berlin would fight to the end.
Goebbels's editorials covered a wide range of topics.
His first bragged of the accomplishments of Nazi Germany, which was then conquering France.
He spoke with continuing confidence as France fell, of the opportunities the "plutocracies" had missed for peace.
Later he issued vitriolic anti-Semitic articles, argued against listening to enemy propaganda. encouraged them for total war declared England bound to lose the war, attacked the still neutral United States, discussed the significance of its entry into the war, talked about prospects for a new year, presented German radio as a good companion (when, in fact, he hoped to lure them from enemy propaganda broadcasts), professed to be delighted that Churchill was in command in Britain, discussed cuts in food rations and severe treatment for black market dealings, urged that complaints not get in the way of the war effort, accused Douglas MacArthur of cowardice (ineffectually, as the Germans knew he had been ordered to leave), talked of the Allied bombing, describes the sinking of Allied ships by German U-boats, explained Soviet resistance in Sevastopol as product of a stubborn but bestial Russian soul, decried the United States as having no culture, urged that Germans not allow their sense of justice be exploited by their enemies, and claimed that the Allies were as weary as the Axis.
His final article in April 1945 called for last-ditch resistance.
Chilo crypsimetalla is a moth in the family Crambidae.
It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1911.
It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and the Northern Territory.
Winnie-the-Pooh (, ) is a 1969 Soviet animated film by Soyuzmultfilm directed by Fyodor Khitruk.
The film is based on chapter one in the book series by A.
A. Milne.
Storyline.
Khitruk studied the original book by Milne first in English and only later in Russian, translated by Boris Zakhoder who became a co-writer of the first two parts of the trilogy.
Khitruk had not seen the Disney adaptations while working on his own.
He created the prototype drawings of the characters together with Vladimir Zuikov, a fellow animator from "Film, Film, Film".
Khitruk followed the original book by A.
A. Milne and based his first two parts of the trilogy on the Pooh's love for honey.
While Pooh always takes the initiative, he often seeks advice and help from the Piglet.
The main reason to remove Robin was to exclude a vastly superior character (a human), and put all others at an equal level.
Khitruk followed his style and drew all scenes in two dimensions.
His animation was relatively simple and slowly paced compared to other Milne adaptations.
Legacy and awards.
In 1976, Khitruk was awarded the USSR State Prize for the "Winnie-the-Pooh" trilogy.
When Khitruk visited the Disney Studios, Wolfgang Reitherman, the director of "Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day" that won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, told him that he liked the Soviet version better than his own.
Further reading.
Kevin Scott Collier.
Arozamena had been acting since her early teens and had her first feature film released at the age of thirteen.
Biography.
Arozamena was born on August 24, 1916, in Mexico City, Mexico.
Many of the family's members had artistic background and successful performing careers.
Although Amparo began her career during her early teens in the silent era, she wasn't well known until she played character roles in comedy films during the 1960s, theater plays and TV shows in the 1970s.
Death.
She died on April 30, 2009, aged 92, from a heart attack and old age.
Nebula 19 is a science fiction board wargame published by the Mishler Company in 1971.
Gameplay.
"Nebula 19" is a two-player wargame of interstellar starship combat that takes place in a starcluster consisting of 15 stars and seven large nebulae.
In addition to using traditional two-dimensional X- and Y-axis coordinates on a hex map to track unit location, players also add a Z-axis coordinate indicating the unit's altitude above the map to simulate a three-dimensional combat system.
Each player makes their moves on a separate map in order to make hidden movements.
At the end of each movement phase, the players compare their relative positions and engage in combat if ships are within range.
Publication history.
The game was designed by Harry Mishler, with artwork by Mike Gilbert, Dave Haugh, and Dana Lombardy, and was published by Mishler Company in 1971.
Mishler published a revised second edition in 1977.
Reception.
Puchong Jaya () is a township in Puchong, Subang Jaya, Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.
Epcor Tower is an office tower in downtown Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
The tower is capped by two spires that are capped with four flagpoles each.
When the spires were taken into account, it was the tallest building in Edmonton from 2011 to 2017.
Epcor Tower is the first building in the Station Lands project.
History.
Development of the tower started in May 2007 when EPCOR Utilities began seeking proposals from developers to lease of office space for their 1,100 employees in downtown Edmonton.
It was announced on December 7, 2007, that the company had chosen Qualico to provide the space with the construction of new office tower on the Station Lands site by the CN Tower.
Epcor entered into a 20-year lease to become the anchor tenant of the tower with an option for a 15-year renewal.
The structure was certified to a silver standard or higher under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program.
LEED certification is a widely used standard for reducing energy, water and other resources in buildings.
With the completion of the building, Edmonton saw its first new office tower in 17 years.
Due to the nature of the anchor tenant, the building has been nicknamed the "Power Tower".
Construction of the tower began in spring 2008 and was completed in 2011.
The remaining construction of the Metro Line resumed in 2012, with the line opening in September 2015.
Also in April 2008, Qualico announced plans to bid on the right to host a new Canadian national portrait gallery in the new building.
Career.
Daniel Grout was born at St. Thomas, Canada West, and graduated from St. Thomas Normal School in 1884.
After three terms as a teacher he was made principal of schools in Sparta, Ontario and Aldboro, Ontario.
He traveled to Oregon in 1890 and graduated from the University of Oregon's law school.
Grout first served in Portland, Oregon as the principal of North Central School from 1892 to 1895.
He was the principal of the Atkinson School until 1896 and was then made principal of the Park School.
He continued working at Park until 1907, and then was made principal of East Side High School.
Shortly after this, the position of assistant superintendent was created over the Portland Public Schools.
He became superintendent in 1918 and held that office until he retired on January 1, 1926 due to poor health.
He died in February 1929.
Career.
Minissale joined the youth system of Argentinos Juniors at a young age, having played his very early years in his hometown.
He signed his first professional contract with the club on 24 August 2020, as the centre-back penned terms until 31 December 2022.
Odarwa is a village in West Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar.
Demographics.
Macarostola polyplaca is a moth of the family Gracillariidae.
It is found in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
The larvae feed on "Lophostemon confertus" and "Tristania suaveolens".
The 2017 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 71st season of Formula One motor racing.
The reigning Drivers' Champion Nico Rosberg was originally due to drive for Mercedes in 2017.
He announced his retirement from the sport in December 2016 after winning his first drivers' World Championship, so the 2017 season was the first since in which the reigning champion did not compete.
Mercedes started the season as the defending Constructors' Champion, having secured their third consecutive title at the 2016 Japanese Grand Prix. 2017 was the first genuine inter-team title battle for five years.
Lewis Hamilton and Mercedes had to contend with a resurgent Ferrari team with lead driver Sebastian Vettel heading the championship for the first 12 rounds and challenging deep into the twenty race season.
At the conclusion of the championship, Hamilton won his fourth World Drivers' Championship title.
Hamilton finished 46 points ahead of Sebastian Vettel in second with 317 points and Valtteri Bottas in third with 305 points.
In the World Constructors' Championship, Mercedes won their fourth consecutive title at the 2017 United States Grand Prix and finished with 668 points.
Ferrari finished second with 522 points and Red Bull Racing were third with 368 points.
Teams and drivers.
The following teams and drivers took part in the 2017 Formula One World Championship.
All teams competed with tyres supplied by Pirelli.
Free practice drivers.
Six drivers drove as free practice drivers over the course of the season.
Season calendar.
The start of the season was tight between the title contenders, with various analysts describing the Ferrari SF70H as initially the more consistent car in race trim.
Sebastian Vettel led the championship for the first 12 rounds (more than half the season) but never by more than 25 points.
However, Ferrari's challenge faltered towards the end of the season, with setbacks in Singapore and Malaysia (on tracks at which they were favoured to win), costing them vital points in both championships.
Lewis Hamilton took the title at the Mexican Grand Prix with 2 races still to go.
Hamilton was looking to regain the World Championship and his fourth overall while Vettel was looking to capture his first since 2013.
Results and standings.
Scoring system.
In the event of a tie at the conclusion of the championship, a count-back system was used as a tie-breaker, with a driver's best result used to decide the standings.
He served four terms in Congress from 1931 to 1939.
Early life and education.
Byron B. Harlan was born in Greenville, Ohio, and moved with his parents, Benjamin Berry and Margaret (Bond) Harlan, to Dayton, Ohio, when he was eight.
His father was a high school teacher.
Byron attended the Dayton public schools.
He then attended the University of Michigan where he was a member of Theta Chi fraternity and was graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from its College of Arts and Sciences in 1909 and LL.
B. from its Law College in 1911.
He was admitted to the Ohio bar and commenced practice in Dayton in 1911.
Family life and career.
They had three children.
Byron Harlan was assistant prosecuting attorney of Montgomery County, Ohio, from 1912 to 1916.
He served on the governing board of the Humane Society of Dayton with Harry N. Routzohn and other prominent citizens.
In 1928, he became president of the Ohio Federated Humane Societies, serving in that capacity for fifteen years.
In 1938, he was honorary vice president of the American Humane Association.
Tenure in Congress.
In 1930, Byron B. Harlan was elected as a Democrat from Ohio's Third District to the Seventy-second Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses.
He served as chairman of the Committee on Revision of the Laws in the Seventy-second and Seventy-third Congresses.
In 1931, he indicated his intent to support repeal of Prohibition saying repeal would "preserve a government of law and particularly local government as much as possible.
The money now going to corrupt government and finance crime would be diverted into legal channels."
He had gone to the Gem City Democratic Club in Dayton several times, carrying bombs intended for Harlan.
Each time, however, Harlan had been away.
Harlan had voted for the Economy Act in Congress which severely cut veterans benefits.
Byron B. Harlan, a strong New Deal activist, strongly supported education through funding of the New Deal National Youth Administration (NYA) that provided student aid to higher education.
The college student-aid program proved to be politically successful in Ohio, drawing broad support from college students and administrators alike.
College student-aid programs instituted under the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and the NYA convinced college administrations that the federal government could be an ally.
New Deal student aid programs led to the expanded role government would play in American higher education after World War II.
Representative Byron B. Harlan was an outspoken supporter of Roosevelt's plan to pack the Supreme Court in 1937.
Taking issue with suggestions for a constitutional amendment to address the intransigence of the existing court, Mr. Harlan said such a course might delay essential legislation fifteen years.
However, he was defeated as a candidate for reelection to a fifth term in 1938.
Judge.
Byron B. Harlan returned to Dayton where he resumed the practice of law.
He remained active in Democratic politics and was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1940.
He was appointed United States attorney for the southern district of Ohio from May 1944 until March 1946 when he was appointed by President Truman to fill a vacancy on the United States Tax Court.
He was reappointed to a full twelve-year term in 1948 but died November 11, 1949.
Death.
Byron Berry Harlan died of a heart attack in 1949 while on a visit to his two sons in Cogan House, Pennsylvania.
Biography.
Chelpanov was born in Mariupol in to an upper-class family.
Chelpanov received his primary education in Mariupol at the local parish school, and then studied at the Gymnasium Alexandrinum (Mariupol), graduating in 1883 with a gold medal.
In February 1892 he moved to the Kiev University of St. Vladimir.
Since 1897, Chelpanov also led the Psychological Seminary at Kiev University.
He wrote articles on psychology in the journals "Russkaya mysl", "Problems of Philosophy and Psychology", "The World of God" and in "Kiev University News.
Chelpanov published reviews of the latest literature on psychology, epistemology, and Kant's transcendental aesthetics.
From 1907 he was an ordinary professor at the Department of Philosophy at Moscow University.
Already in 1912, Chelpanov began to conduct psychological seminars in the building of the newly built institute, and in March 1914, the grand opening of the Psychological Institute named after his wife L. G. Schukina.
He also taught at the Moscow Higher Women's Courses, the Pedagogical Institute of P. G. Shelaputin and the Moscow Commercial Institute.
In 1919 he was dean of the Faculty of History and Philology, and then a professor of the Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Moscow State University from 1921 to 1923.
From the beginning of the mid 1920s and the introduction of Marxist psychology by Konstantin Kornilov and Pavel Blonsky, Chelpanov's methods were dismissed as idealist.
This alongside his negative attitude to the requirement to rebuild psychology on the basis of Marxism, led to his resignation of the position of director of the Psychological Institute.
He continued to work as teacher in the Academy of Artistic Sciences with the help of Gustav Shpet, until the Academy was closed.
Chelpanov died on February 13, 1936, and was buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery.
Views.
In the philosophical works of Chelpanov, the ideas of Berkeley, Hume and Spinoza are noticeable.
In his psychological research, the theories of Nikolai Grot, Lev Lopatin, Wilhelm Wundt and Carl Stumpf had a significant influence on him.
Wundt's principle of "empirical parallelism" formed the basis of Chelpanov's criticism of monism (the theory according to which different types of being or substance are ultimately reduced to a single principle) in psychology and philosophy.
Mental and physical, according to Chelpanov, in principle cannot be identified and do not determine each other.
Chelpanov's epistemological views ("transcendental realism") generally corresponded to the principles of the neo-Kantian theory of knowledge.
He stood on the principles of apriorism in general philosophical constructions and in substantiating the foundations of psychological science.
Conducted experiments on the perception of space and time, developed methods of laboratory research (Introduction to experimental psychology, 1915).
Chelpanov understood logical laws as the result of observation of thought processes, which a person receives by revealing the mechanism of his own thinking (at the same time abstracting from the content of thoughts).
The fundamental law is the law of contradiction.
Chelpanov recognizes the possibility of law and patterns in history (unlike most neo-Kantians), but understands them as a manifestation of the laws of human will, as an expression of general psychological laws.
Bostan is Tehsil of the Pishin District.
It was previously included in Tehsil Karezat and covers an area between Mount Takathu and the Red Hills (Bostan clay).
History.
This region was named after Bostan, who was great tribal leader and head of the Panezai clan of the Kakar tribe.
During the British era, Bostan was a famous railway junction connecting Quetta with Zhob, Harnai and Chaman.
Bostan and Zhob were connected by a narrow gauge railway track which was later dismantled around June 2008.
It had 11 stations in between including the famous Kan Mehtarzai station which was the highest station in Pakistan at an altitude of 2224 meters (7295 feet).
Yazvitsevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia.
The population was 15 as of 2002.
Geography.
Yazvitsevo is located 51 km northeast of Kaduy (the district's administrative centre) by road.
Holzminden prisoner-of-war camp was a World War I prisoner-of-war camp for British and British Empire officers ("Offizier Gefangenenlager") located in Holzminden, Lower Saxony, Germany.
It opened in September 1917, and closed with the final repatriation of prisoners in December 1918.
The prisoner-of-war camp is not to be confused with Holzminden internment camp, a much larger pair of camps (one for men, and one for women and children) located on the outskirts of the town, in which civilian internees were held.
The internees mainly comprised Polish, Russian, Belgian and French nationals, as well as a small number of Britons.
The camp.
The prisoner-of-war camp opened at the beginning of September 1917, under the auspices of X Army Corps, headquartered in Hanover.
Many of the initial intake of prisoners were transferred from these camps, and others at Freiburg and Krefeld, which had become overcrowded.
The camp held between 500 and 600 officer prisoners.
The camp occupied the premises of a cavalry barracks erected in 1913.
The principal buildings, in which the prisoners lived, were two four-storey barrack blocks, known to the Germans as "Kaserne" A and "Kaserne" B, and to the British as A House and B House.
The basements included cells in which prisoners could be held in solitary confinement as punishment.
Several wooden single-storey buildings in front of the barrack blocks accommodated service facilities, including the cookhouses, woodshed, bath-house, and parcel-room.
Regime and camp life.
The camps of X Corps came under the authority of General , who encouraged a harsh regime.
Niemeyer's twin brother, Heinrich, was Kommandant of the camp at Clausthal.
However, in the view of the British POWs, Niemeyer's English was filled with "errors" and American slang terms.
The prisoners constantly ridiculed him, and nicknamed him "Milwaukee Bill".
One error, which became notorious, was his assertion that "You think I do not understand the English, but I do.
I know damn all about you."
The camp was described by the "Daily Sketch" in January 1919 as "the worst camp in Germany".
Nevertheless, Niemeyer's regime was often arbitrary and punitive, and atrocities were committed, including the bayoneting of prisoners.
He was put on a British war crimes prosecution blacklist for the reported allegations of unnecessary ill treatment.
Two "celebrity" prisoners who appear to have been singled out for harsh treatment were William Leefe Robinson (who had shot down a German airship over Britain, and who spent much of his time at Holzminden in solitary confinement), and Algernon Bird, the 61st victim of Baron von Richthofen.
Robinson died in England in December 1918 from the effects of the Spanish flu pandemic, but the "Daily Express" was in no doubt that he was "in reality driven to death by the notorious Niemeyer...
He was murdered by Niemeyer, who was resolved to employ every instrument of cruelty against him".
Prisoners were able to supplement their diet with the contents of parcels sent by their families at home, and by the Red Cross and other humanitarian organisations.
As a result, they were often better fed than the Germans.
Prisoners found a variety of ways of dealing with the enforced idleness and monotony of prison life.
Activities included sports (football, hockey and tennis were all played), concerts and plays, lectures, debates, and reading.
O. G. S. Crawford spent much of his time reading and studying, and later reported that he was "far less unhappy" at Holzminden than he had been at his public school, Marlborough College.
Escapes.
From the outset, numerous officer prisoners attempted to escape from the camp.
Techniques included cutting through the perimeter fence, and walking through the gates disguised as German guards, civilian workers, or (on at least one occasion) a woman.
Many of these escapes were successful in the first instance, but virtually all escapers were recaptured within a matter of days.
The tunnel had been under excavation for some nine months.
Its entrance was concealed under a staircase in the orderlies' quarters in "Kaserne" B.
As officers were forbidden to enter the orderlies' quarters, in the early months the excavators had to reach it by disguising themselves in orderlies' uniforms.
At a later stage, a secret access door between the officers' and orderlies' quarters was created in the attic.
Eighty-six officers were on the list of those waiting to escape but, on the night, the tunnel partially collapsed on the thirtieth man, leading to the abandonment of the enterprise.
Of the twenty-nine who did escape, ten succeeded in making their way to the neutral Netherlands and eventually back to Britain.
The other escapers travelled on foot, and most took at least 14 days.
Edgar Henry Garland was one of the unsuccessful participants in the escape.
He would go on to make a total of eight escape attempts.
The camp today.
Private Property, sometimes shown as Private Property!, is a 1960 American independent crime film, directed by Leslie Stevens and starring Corey Allen, Warren Oates and Stevens' wife, Kate Manx.
The film was considered disturbing at the time of its release and was condemned by the Catholic Legion of Decency.
Its initial distributor went out of business, and by 1994 it had not been in circulation for 30 years, and was considered a lost film.
It was restored and re-released in 2016 to critical acclaim.
Plot.
A pair of drifters, Duke and Boots, are hanging out at a gasoline station on the Pacific Ocean.
They menace the owner and steal from his store.
Duke promises Boots that he will fix him up with a woman.
They hitch a ride with a motorist and force him to follow an attractive woman, Ann Carlyle, to her home.
The drifters break into an empty house next door, eavesdrop on her, and learn that she is unhappily married to an older man named Roger.
They proceed to manipulate the woman, but Boots fails to have relations with her.
The two men have a dispute which ends in Duke killing Boots.
Roger returns home, fights Duke, and Ann shoots Duke.
Production.
They had "lofty ambitions for "Private Property"," as a result of which "the film's artiness enveloped it like the fog on California Highway One."
Despite their modest budget, they were able to obtain the services of Ted McCord, an Academy Award nominated cinematographer, and Conrad Hall, a camera operator hired for his ability to shoot underwater, who went on to win three Academy Awards.
At the time of its initial release, it was denied a seal by the Motion Picture Production Code and was rated "C," or "condemned," by the Catholic National Legion of Decency for "highly suggestive sequences, dialogue and music."
However it was passed without any changes by the New York Board of Censors.
To avoid overtime costs, the filmmakers sometimes had to stop shooting in mid-sentence.
"Daily Variety" called it the most important film since "Marty" in its implications for young and independent filmmakers.
Restoration and re-release.
Funding for the restoration was provided by the Packard Humanities Institute.
A Blu-ray release was planned for the summer of 2016.
Critical response.
At the time of its 1960 release, reviewers were repelled by the prurience of the film.
One of the more favorable reviews called the film a "harrowing and extended clinical picture of physical, sexual and mental violation."
A "Los Angeles Times" reviewer wrote that Oates and Allen are "young actors of great promise and little exposure," but a "The New Yorker" reviewer wrote that the acting is "uniformly dreadful."
The reviewer said that Oates' character, Boots, was "like Lennie in "Of Mice and Men" only this time according to the Method."
"Film Quarterly" wrote that the film was "shaded pornography" that would offend women, and appeared to be a conscious effort to exploit the market in sex movies.
The review said the film's "subliminal effects came across like sledgehammers intentionally."
It said that the film failed to convey emotions, and that "Hollywood has always been addicted to its own distorted reflections of reality and "Private Property" is just a new example of this mythomania."
Andrew Sarris wrote that film is "more ambitious than it is" and that McCord was "hired to shoot people through brandy snifters with such affected artiness that McCord should have known better even if Stevens didn't."
What lingers in the mind, he wrote, is "Stevens' flair for feelthy fetishism and the stupid blonde beauty of the late Kate Manx."
John F. Kennedy screening.
In an interview with Arthur M. Schlesinger in 1964, Jacqueline Kennedy recalled that she and John F. Kennedy viewed the film the night of the pivotal 1960 West Virginia Democratic primary because the movie they wanted to see was half over.
She said that she and Kennedy were "terribly depressed by the movie" but were then cheered up by news of his primary win.
Their friend Ben Bradlee recalled that they joked that because the film was condemned by the Legion of Decency, it would have helped him with some Catholic-hating voters in West Virginia if they had known about it.
Critical response at re-release.
At the time of its re-release in 2016, the film received critical acclaim.
"Film Comment" said at the time of its re-release that the film was made with "enormous panache," and that director Stevens shared his former boss Orson Welles's "taste for elegant but unsettling framing."
The film was praised by "The New York Times" as a "genuine rediscovery." and that this "tense and upsetting film has more psychological depth and empathy than the comparable sensationalist fare of its time, and shudder-inducing cinematic style to spare."
Kenny praised Manx's and Allen's performances, but said that Oates "underplays what could have been a schematic 'Of Mice and Men'-derived dynamic."
Kulikov () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Savinskoye Rural Settlement, Pallasovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia.
The population was 84 as of 2010.
There are 3 streets.
Geography.
Kulikov is located in steppe, 34 km east of Pallasovka (the district's administrative centre) by road.
The LFG V 39 was a simple biplane trainer built in Germany in the mid-1920s.
It took part in the Round Germany Flight in the summer of 1925.
Design and development.
The V 39 was a two bay biplane with constant chord wings mounted with slight stagger and a wide gap.
The fabric covered wings had box spars and three-ply ribs.
There were ailerons on both upper and lower wing, externally rod-connected.
The upper wing was centrally supported with cabane struts.
The trainer was designed to be powered by a Mercedes D.I or D.II engine.
It is known that the smaller engine at least was flown.
The fuselage was deep bellied, flat sided, constructed from wood and covered with three-ply.
There were two open, tandem cockpits, the rear one provided with vision enhancing trailing edge cut-outs in both upper and lower planes.
The V 39's undercarriage was standard for the time, with mainwheels on a rigid axle supported by fuselage mounted V-struts and with a tailskid.
The V 39 was designed to combine modest performance with reliability and robustness with easy handling and a low landing speed.
Operational history.
Professional social workers are generally considered those who hold a professional degree in social work.
In a number of countries and jurisdictions, registration or licensure of people working as social workers is required and there are mandated qualifications.
In other places, the professional association sets academic and experiential requirements for admission to membership.
United States.
A social worker, practicing in the United States, usually requires a bachelor's degree (BSW or BASW) in social work from a Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) accredited program to receive a license in most states, although may have a master's degree (MSW) or a doctoral degree (Ph.D or DSW).
The Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) degree is a four-year undergraduate degree.
Programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education require BSW students to complete a minimum of 400 field education or internship hours.
Accredited BSW programs often allow students who are interested in obtaining a Master of Social Work degree to complete the degree in a shorter amount of time or waive courses.
In some areas, however, a social worker may be able to receive a license with a bachelor's or even associate degree in any discipline.
The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is the largest organization of professional social workers in the United States.
Depending on the university, the four-year degree may be structured in different ways and draws upon many fields, including social work theory, psychology, human development, sociology, social policy, research methods, social planning and social administration.
(Doctor of Social Work) generally conducts research, teaches, or analyzes policy, often in higher education settings.
Various states in the United States "protect" the use of the title social worker by statute.
Use of the title requires licensure or certification in most states.
The licensure or certification also requires a prelicensure examination through the ASWB (Association of Social Work Boards), with the exception of the State of California, who creates and administers their own licensing exam.
Over half of all states offer licensure at various levels of social work practice, and clinical social work is regulated by licensure in all states.
Latin America.
In Latin America this is a four to five-year degree that can replace liberal arts subjects into health sciences, resulting in social work as a type of community psychology and socioeconomic studies, focused in hospitals, prisons or pedagogy, among others.
Canada.
A four-year Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) is required for entry into the field in most parts of Canada.
In Alberta, the entry-level requirement is the diploma in social work practice.
A Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) is usually required to provide psychotherapy treatment.
Authorized Social Workers with advanced clinical certification in Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick and Saskatchewan are allowed to independently use the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in order to make a mental health diagnosis.
These provinces hold a clinical registry for this purpose.
In the province of Nova Scotia, MSW social workers can make provisional mental health diagnosis'.
In order to legally use the title "social worker", candidates must register with their provincial regulatory body.
Some provinces also require an exam prerequisite for certification through the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB).
Nordic countries.
Bachelor of Social Services (called "socionom" in Swedish and Danish, "sosionom" in Norwegian, and "sosionomi" in Finnish) is a degree in social welfare from Nordic universities.
At the core it is based on the competences needed to work in social services.
Courses in sociology, human rights, gerontology, community services, psychology, social security and entrepreneurship are part of the degree.
Service orientation and client work is seen through a social pedagogical framework.
The studies take 3 to 5 years.
Degree holders are usually hired for services in Scandinavian welfare systems.
In Norway, a Bachelor of Social Work takes 3 years to complete, and a Masters in Social Work takes 5 years.
United Kingdom.
The main qualification for social work is the undergraduate Bachelor's degree (BA, BSc or BSW) in social work, offered at British universities from September 2003 onwards.
There is also available a master's degree (MA, MSc or MSW).
These have replaced the previous qualifying award, the undergraduate Diploma in Social Work (DipSW), although the postgraduate counterpart, the postgraduate Diploma in Social Work (PGDipSW) is still awarded and allows the holder to register and practice as a social worker.
The DipSW was first awarded in 1991 and phased out across the UK by 2009.
Prior to this, the recognised qualification was the Certificate of Qualification in Social Work (CQSW), awarded between 1975 and 1991.
Purporting to be either a social worker or a student social worker without registering with the relevant Social Work Register and holding or undergoing training for the recognised qualifications is now a criminal offence.
Social workers must renew their registration every two years.
These regulations offer protection to vulnerable people by guaranteeing the professional regulation of people working as social workers.
They also promote workforce development, as all social workers must participate in at least fifteen days of professional training over a two-year period in order to be eligible for renewal of their registration.
Non-registered or non-qualified social care practitioners in the United Kingdom, often referred to as Social Services Assistants, Child and Family Workers or Community Care Assistant or Community Care Workers (not to be confused with domiciliary or care home care workers), are unregistered social care practitioners that often do not hold any formal social work qualification and they must practice under the direct supervision of a registered social worker.
This is not the case in Scotland where the scope of registration for social service workers is more advanced.
Within the mental health sector in the United Kingdom, social workers can train as an Approved Mental Health Professional and Approved Clinicians.
With the implementation of the Mental Health Act 2007, this had replaced the previous Approved Social Worker role and is open to other professionals such as community psychiatric nurses, psychologists and occupational therapists, whilst maintaining a social work ethos.
AMHPs are responsible for organising and contributing to assessments under the Mental Health Act 1983, as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007.
After qualifying, social workers can undertake further training under the social work 'Post-Qualifying Framework'.
Australia.
A four-year Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) is required for entry into the occupation of Social Worker in Australia, although some universities also offer a two-year, accelerated, graduate-entry MSW.
Graduates of courses recognised by the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) are eligible for membership.
A person with overseas qualifications can apply for consideration of recognition of their qualifications via a formal application for assessment by the AASW.
Australia is alone among developed English-speaking OECD countries in having no registration requirements for social workers.
Most employers stipulate that applicants must be "eligible" for membership of the AASW, and only graduates of courses recognised by the AASW are eligible for membership.
However AASW membership is not compulsory and only a third of social workers are members.
No such requirement exists for non-members.
Job titles.
Bachelors of Social Services graduates find jobs in a wide range of roles in the social services.
A tunnel hull is a type of boat hull that uses two typically planing hulls with a solid centre that traps air.
This entrapment then creates aerodynamic lift in addition to the planing (hydrodynamic) lift from the hulls.
Many times this is attributed to ground effect.
Tunnel hulls are distinguishable from other catamarans by the typical close hull spacing and solid deck in between the hulls.
Formula 1 powerboats have a tunnel hull catamaran design allowing them to go faster.
Maxine Riddington, commonly known as "Max Riddington", is a journalist and author.
Her books are co-authored with Gavan Naden.
Books published.
Frances Shand Kydd, the mother of Diana, Princess of Wales.
The book is "based on exclusive interviews with Frances Shand Kydd and...is a compelling narrative of a life lived to the full."
This account reveals the hundreds of love letters sent across the Atlantic, giving insight into an impossible affair.
It explores the life of Stan Riley and the rise of his champion racehorse, who in 1984 won the Cheltenham Gold Cup, Hennessy Gold Cup and King George VI Chase, and saw Burrough Hill Lad rated one of the best horses in the history of the sport.
Social dominance orientation (SDO) is a personality trait measuring an individual's support for social hierarchy and the extent to which they desire their in-group be superior to out-groups.
It is a predisposition toward anti-egalitarianism within and between groups.
Individuals who score high in SDO desire to maintain and, in many cases, increase the differences between social statuses of different groups, as well as individual group members.
Typically, they are dominant, driven, tough, and seekers of power.
People high in SDO also prefer hierarchical group orientations.
Often, people who score high in SDO adhere strongly to belief in a "dog-eat-dog" world.
It has also been found that men are generally higher than women in SDO measures.
A study of undergraduates found that SDO does not have a strong positive relationship with authoritarianism.
Social dominance theory.
SDO was first proposed by Jim Sidanius and Felicia Pratto as part of their social dominance theory (SDT).
SDO is the key measurable component of SDT that is specific to it.
It is influenced by group status, socialization, and temperament.
In turn, it influences support for HE and HA "legitimating myths", defined as "values, attitudes, beliefs, causal attributions and ideologies" that in turn justify social institutions and practices that either enhance or attenuate group hierarchy.
Early development.
While the correlation of gender with SDO scores has been empirically measured and confirmed, the impact of temperament and socialization is less clear.
Duckitt has suggested a model of attitude development for SDO, suggesting that unaffectionate socialisation in childhood causes a tough-minded attitude.
According to Duckitt's model, people high in tough-minded personality are predisposed to view the world as a competitive place in which resource competition is zero-sum.
A desire to compete, which fits with social dominance orientation, influences in-group and outside-group attitudes.
People high in SDO also believe that hierarchies are present in all aspects of society and are more likely to agree with statements such as "It's probably a good thing that certain groups are at the top and other groups are at the bottom".
Scale.
SDO has been measured by a series of scales that have been refined over time, all of which contain a balance of pro- and contra-trait statements or phrases.
Most of the research was conducted with the SDO-5 (a 14-point scale) and SDO-6.
SDO-16 items.
Keying is reversed on questions 9 through 16, to control for acquiescence bias.
Criticisms of the construct.
Rubin and Hewstone (2004) argue that social dominance research has changed its focus dramatically over the years, and these changes have been reflected in different versions of the social dominance orientation construct.
Group-based and individual dominance.
Robert Altemeyer said that people with a high SDO want more power (agreeing with items such as "Winning is more important than how you play the game") and are higher on Machiavellianism.
These observations are at odds with conceptualisations of SDO as a group-based phenomenon, suggesting that the SDO reflects interpersonal dominance, not only group-based dominance.
This is supported by Sidanius and Pratto's own evidence that high-SDO individuals tend to gravitate toward hierarchy-enhancing jobs and institutions, such as law enforcement, that are themselves hierarchically structured vis-a-vis individuals within them.
Relations with other personality traits.
Connection with right-wing authoritarianism.
Both predict attitudes, such as sexist, racist, and heterosexist attitudes.
Crawford et al. (2013) found that RWA and SDO differentially predicted interpretations of media reports about socially threatening (for example, gays and lesbians) and disadvantaged groups (for example, African Americans), respectively.
Subjects with high SDO, but not RWA, scores reacted positively to articles and authors that opposed affirmative action, and negatively to pro-affirmative-action article content.
Moreover, RWA, but not SDO, predicted subjects' evaluations of same-sex relationships, such that high-RWA individuals favored anti-same-sex relationships article content and low-RWA individuals favorably rated pro-same-sex relationships content.
Correlation with Big Five personality traits.
Studies on the relationship of SDO with the higher order Big Five personality traits have associated high SDO with lower openness to experience and lower agreeableness.
Meta-analytic aggregation of these studies indicates that the association with low Agreeableness is more robust than the link to Openness to experience.
Individuals low in Agreeableness are more inclined to report being motivated by self-interest and self-indulgence"."
Facet-level associations.
In case of SDO all five facets of Agreeableness significantly correlate (negatively), even after controlling for RWA.
'Tough-mindedness' (opposite of tender-mindedness' facet) is the strongest predictor of SDO.
After the effect of SDO is controlled for, only one facet of agreeableness is predictive of RWA.
Facets also distinguish SDO from RWA, with 'Dominators' (individuals high on SDO), but not 'Authoritarians' (individuals who score high on RWA), having been found to be lower in dutifulness, morality, sympathy and co-operation.
RWA is also associated with religiosity, conservativism, righteousness, and, to some extent, a conscientious moral code, which distinguishes RWA from SDO.
Empathy.
SDO is inversely related to empathy.
Facets of Agreeableness that are linked to altruism, sympathy and compassion are the strongest predictors of SDO.
SDO has been suggested to have a link with callous affect (which is to be found on the psychopathy sub-scale), the 'polar opposite' of empathy.
The latter showcases how powerful of a predictor SDO may be, not only affecting individual's certain behaviours, but potentially influencing upstream the proneness to those behaviours.
This avoidance decreases concern for other's welfare.
Empathy indirectly affects generalized prejudice through its negative relationship with SDO.
It also has a direct effect on generalized prejudice, as lack of empathy makes one unable to put oneself in the other person's shoes, which predicts prejudice and antidemocratic views.
Some recent research has suggested the relationship between SDO and empathy may be more complex, arguing that people with high levels of SDO are less likely to show empathy towards low status people but more likely to show it towards high status people.
Conversely, people with low SDO levels demonstrate the reverse behaviour.
Other findings and criticisms.
For example, Lebanese people low in SDO approved more strongly of terrorism against the West than Lebanese people high in SDO, seemingly because it entailed a low-status group (Lebanese) attacking a high-status one (Westerners).
Amongst Palestinians, lower SDO levels were correlated with more emotional hostility towards Israelis and more parochial empathy for Palestinians.
Low levels of SDO have been found to result in individuals possessing positive biases towards outgroup members, for example regarding outgroup members as less irrational than ingroup members, the reverse of what is usually found.
Low levels of SDO have also been found to be linked to being better at detecting inequalities applied to low-status groups but not the same inequalities applied to high-status groups.
A person's SDO levels can also affect the degree to which they perceive hierarchies, either over or underestimating them, although the effect sizes may be quite small.
A person's SDO levels can also shift depending on their identification with their ingroup and low levels of SDO thus may reflect a more complex relationship to ideas of inequality and social hierarchy than just egalitarianism.
While research has indicated that SDO is a strong predictor of various forms of prejudice, it has also been suggested that SDO may not be related to prejudice "per se" but rather be dependent upon the target, as SDO has been found to correlate positively with prejudice towards hierarchy-attenuating groups but negatively with prejudice towards hierarchy-enhancing groups.
In the contemporary US, research indicates that most people tend to score fairly low on the SDO scale, with an average score of 2.98 on a 7-point scale (with 7 being the highest in SDO and 1 the lowest), with a standard deviation of 1.19.
This has also been found to apply cross-culturally, with the average SDO score being around 2.6, although there was some variation (Switzerland scoring somewhat lower and Japan scoring substantially higher).
A 2013 multi-national study found average scores ranged from 2.5 to 4.
Because SDO scales tend to skew towards egalitarianism, some researchers have argued that this has caused a misinterpretation of correlations between SDO scores and other variables, arguing that low-SDO scorers, rather than high-SDO scorers, are possibly driving most of the correlations.
Thus SDO research may actually be discovering the psychology of egalitarianism rather than the reverse.
Samantha Stanley argues that "high" SDO scorers are generally in the middle of the SDO scale and thus she suggests their score do not actually represent an endorsement of inequality but rather a greater tolerance or ambivalence towards it than low SDO scorers.
Stanley suggests that true high-SDO scorers are possibly quite rare and that researchers need to make clearer what exactly they are defining high-SDO scores as, as prior studies did not always report the actual level of SDO endorsement from high-scorers.
Some researchers have raised concerns that the trait is studied under an ideological framework of viewing group-based interactions as one of victims and victimisers (hence its label as social "dominance" orientation), and that research into SDO should instead look into social "organisation" rather than social "dominance".
SDO has been found to be related to color-blindness as a racial ideology.
For low-SDO individuals, color-blindness predicts more negative attitudes towards ethnic minorities but for high-SDO individuals, it predicts more positive attitudes.
SDO levels can also interact with other variables.
When assessing blame for the 2011 England riots, high-SDO individuals uniformly blamed ethnic diversity regardless of whether they agreed with official government discourse, whereas low-SDO individuals did not blame ethnic diversity if they disagreed with official government discourse but did blame ethnic diversity if they did agree, almost to the same degree as high-SDO individuals.
Another study found that in a mock hiring experiment, participants high in SDO were more likely to favour a white applicant while those low in SDO were more likely to favour a black applicant, while in mock-juror research, high-SDO white jurors showed anti-black bias and low-SDO white jurors pro-black bias.
Low-SDO individuals may also support hierarchy-enhancing beliefs (such as gender essentialism and meritocracy) if they believe this will support diversity.
SDO has also been found to relate to attitudes towards social class.
A study report published by Nature in 2017 indicates there may be a correlation between FMRI scanned brain response to social ranks and the SDO scale.
Subjects who tended to prefer hierarchical social structures and to promote socially dominant behaviors as measured by SDO exhibited stronger responses in the right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right aDLPFC) when facing superior players.
The French National Agency for Research funded study involved 28 male subjects and used FMRI measurements to demonstrate that response in the right aDLPFC to social ranks was strongly correlated with participant SDO scores measuring response to social ranks.
Correlation with conservative political views.
Felicia Pratto and her colleagues have found evidence that a high social dominance orientation is strongly correlated with conservative political views, and opposition to programs and policies that aim to promote equality (such as affirmative action, laws advocating equal rights for homosexuals, women in combat, etc.).
One explanation suggests that opposition to programs that promote equality need not be based on racism or sexism but on a "principled conservatism", that is, a "concern for equality of opportunity, color-blindness, and genuine conservative values".
Some principled-conservatism theorists have suggested that racism and conservatism are independent, and only very weakly correlated among the highly educated, who truly understand the concepts of conservative values and attitudes.
In an effort to examine the relationship between education, SDO, and racism, Sidanius and his colleagues asked approximately 4,600 Euro-Americans to complete a survey in which they were asked about their political and social attitudes, and their social dominance orientation was assessed.
"These findings contradict much of the case for the principled conservatism hypothesis, which maintains that political values that are largely devoid of racism, especially among highly educated people."
Contrary to what these theorists would predict, correlations among SDO, political conservatism, and racism were strongest among the most educated, and weakest among the least educated.
Sidanius and his colleagues hypothesized this was because the most educated conservatives tend to be more invested in the hierarchical structure of society and in maintaining the inequality of the status quo in society in order to safeguard their status.
SDO levels can also shift in response to threats to political party identity, with conservatives responding to party identity threat by increasing SDO levels and liberals responding by lowering them.
Culture.
SDO is typically measured as an individual personality construct.
However, cultural forms of SDO have been discovered on the macro level of society.
Discrimination, prejudice and stereotyping can occur at various levels of institutions in society, such as transnational corporations, government agencies, schools and criminal justice systems.
The basis of this theory of societal level SDO is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which states that humans have an evolved predisposition to express social dominance that is heightened under certain social conditions (such as group status) and is also mediated by factors such as individual personality and temperament.
Democratic societies are lower in SDO measures The more that a society encourages citizens to cooperate with others and feel concern for the welfare of others, the lower the SDO in that culture.
High levels of national income and empowerment of women are also associated with low national SDO, whereas more traditional societies with lower income, male domination and more closed institutional systems are associated with a higher SDO.
Individuals who are socialized within these traditional societies are more likely to internalize gender hierarchies and are less likely to challenge them.
Biology and sexual differences.
The biology of SDO is unknown.
From an evolutionary and biological perspective SDO facilitates men to be successful in their reproductive strategy through achieving social power and control over other males and becoming desired mating partners for the opposite sex.
Males are observed to be more socially hierarchical, as indicated by speaking time, and yielding to interruptions.
This is because males, due to being more likely to have higher SDO scores, are more likely to view inequalities as the natural result of competition and thus are more likely to have a negative view of policies designed to mitigate or dilute the effects of competition.
Noting that males tend to have higher SDO scores than females, Sidanius and Pratto speculate that SDO may be influenced by hormones that differ between the sexes, namely androgens, primarily testosterone.
Male levels of testosterone are much higher than those of females.
Taking a socio-cultural perspective, it is argued that the gap between women and men in SDO is dependent upon societal norms prescribing different expectations for gender roles of men and women.Men are expected to be dominant and assertive, whereas women are supposed to be submissive and tender.
Differences between male and female attributional cognitive complexity are suggested to contribute to the gender gap in SDO.
It is proposed that lower social status prompts higher cognitive complexity in order to compensate for the lack of control in that social situation by processing it more attentively and evaluating it more in depth.
The difference in cognitive complexity between high and low status individuals could contribute to the differences between male and female SDO.
KMXX is a commercial radio station in Imperial, California, broadcasting to the Imperial Valley, California area on 99.3 FM.
Lyss railway station () is a railway station in the municipality of Lyss, in the Swiss canton of Bern.
This is a list of amphibians found in Nicaragua.
This list is derived from the database listing of AmphibiaWeb.
Salamanders (Caudata).
Plethodontidae.
At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896 in 6,572 households.
The following census in 2011 counted 32,723 people in 8,149 households.
The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 39,801 people in 10,667 households.
The city is populated by Kurds who speak Sorani.
History.
Oshnaviyeh lies on the historic route from Urmia basin to Rawandiz over the Kalashin Pass.
An Urartian stele from about 800 BCE exist near the city.
After the Mongol invasion, the city became the seat of the Nestorian Church for a brief moment.
Medieval geographers from the 10th century wrote that the city was fair-sized, attached to Urmia, fertile and having good pasture.
Kurds from the Hadhabani tribe would settle in the area during the summer, pasture their livestock and sell their products for manufactures and textiles from the city.
The city came under the rule of the Rawadids in the 10th century and continued to flourish.
The city also fostered scholars and traditionalists.
Mustawfi described the city as being Sunni, in a rural district of 120 villages and producing a total revenue worth 19,300 dinars annually.
It was mentioned by traveller Fraser in 1840 that the city was populated Zerza Kurds, whose presence is possibly attested as being present in the city as early as the 14th century.
In the 19th century, the population was mostly Kurdish with a small population of Assyrians which perished during the Sayfo.
When Sheikh Ubeydullah and his forces advanced from Ottoman territory toward Urmia, he captured Oshnavieh and made it his capital until he was defeated in 1880. 20th century.
The town was incorporated into the short-lived Republic of Mahabad in 1946.
Mahsa Amini protests.
Death Rides the Plains is a 1943 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Joseph O'Donnell.
The film stars Robert Livingston as the Lone Rider and Al St. John as his sidekick "Fuzzy Jones", with Patti McCarty, Ray Bennett, I. Stanford Jolley and George Chesebro.
The film was released on May 7, 1943, by Producers Releasing Corporation.
This is the fourteenth movie in the "Lone Rider" series, and the third starring Robert Livingston.
The first eleven movies star George Houston.
Plot.
A gang of crooks is repeatedly selling the Circle C Ranch, and then murdering the buyers before they take possession of the land.
Fuzzy's cousin Luke falls victim to the scheme, and the Lone Rider disguises himself as an outlaw to bring the schemers to justice.
The structural formula of any substituted phenethylamine contains a phenyl ring that is joined to an amino (NH) group via a two-carbon sidechain.
Hence, any substituted phenethylamine can be classified according to the substitution of hydrogen (H) atoms on phenethylamine's phenyl ring, sidechain, or amino group with a specific group of atoms.
Many substituted phenethylamines are psychoactive drugs which belong to a variety of different drug classes, including central nervous system stimulants (e.g., amphetamine), hallucinogens (e.g., 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine a.k.a. mescaline), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine DOM), entactogen (e.g., , MDA), appetite suppressants (e.g. phentermine), nasal decongestants and bronchodilators (e.g., levomethamphetamine and pseudoephedrine), antidepressants (e.g. bupropion and phenelzine), antiparkinson agents (e.g., selegiline), and vasopressors (e.g., ephedrine), among others.
Several notable recreational drugs, such as MDMA (ecstasy), methamphetamine, and cathinone, are also members of the class.
Eyal Shani () is an Israeli chef noted for creating the Miznon restaurant chain.
Culinary career.
Shani, a self-taught chef, opened the Israeli fine dining restaurant, Ocean, in 1989.
After closing Ocean, he spent several years as a restaurant consultant.
Shani opened the first restaurant in his contemporary casual chain, Miznon, in 2011.
It has since expanded to an international chain with restaurants in Paris, Vienna, Melbourne, and New York.
Shani opened HaSalon in Tel Aviv and Givatayim in 2008.
Eyal is the head chef at the restaurant, which opens only two nights a week.
Richard Vines, restaurant reviewer for Bloomberg, described the food at HaSalon as "simple but epic."
Gault Millau named it one of the top restaurants in Israel in 2018.
In April 2019, Shani and longtime business partner Shachar Segal opened HaSalon in Hell's Kitchen, New York City.
Media.
He is a judge on MasterChef Israel.
During the 10th MasterChef season in 2022, Shani was criticized after he discriminated against a contestant who lives in Bat Ayin based on his residence.
Critics called for Shani's removal from the show.
Reception.
Shani's unique presentations, twists on famous dishes and street food, and colorful, even pretentious, language have drawn both praise and criticism.
Writer Liel Leibovitz called Shani "Israel's most celebrated chef", and concluded that "Eyal Shani is a genius."
Another critic claims he had one of the worst meals in his life at one of Shani's restaurants, saying "It feels like you're being scammed.
He doesn't even deserve the title of 'Chef'.
His mannerisms are only there to cover for bad cooking."
New York Post's Steve Cuozzo noted that on a trip to Israel, many chefs he spoke to said Shani is "regarded as a joke" in his home country.
While HaSalon enjoyed moderate popularity since opening, it drew criticism for its high prices.
Shauna Lyon from The New Yorker wrote "The prices are so high that you might find yourself straining to calculate the best deals."
Although successful as a racehorse he is most notable as the sire of 1898 Kentucky Derby winner Plaudit and Domino, the grandsire of Colin and Peter Pan.
Himyar lived to be thirty years old, outliving both Domino and his famous grandson Commando, who both died young.
Early years and racing career.
Himyar was a light bay colt sired by Alarm, who was a son of the British-bred stallion Eclipse (by Orlando).
His dam Hira was sired by the 19th-century foundation sire, Lexington.
Himyar was foaled in 1875 at Dixiana Farm, the Lexington stud farm of Major Barak Thomas, who also owned Himyar's sire Alarm.
Himyar had a nervous disposition and was difficult to train.
Himyar showed promising form as a two-year-old, winning many high dollar stakes races while racing in "the West", which at the time referred to Kentucky and Tennessee.
His main wins at age two included the Colt Stakes over 6 furlongs at Lexington, the Colt and Filly Stakes over 8 furlongs at Lexington and the Belle Meade Stakes at Louisville.
He was retroactively considered the co-champion two-year-old colt of 1877.
At age three, Himyar won the Phoenix Hotel Stakes over 14 furlongs at Lexington, the Belle Meade Stakes over 12 furlongs in Nashville and the January Stakes, consisting of 1-mile heats.
He was second in the 1878 Kentucky Derby, losing to Day Star by two lengths.
As an older horse, Himyar's main wins came in the Merchants' Stakes over 9 furlongs and the Turf Stakes, both in 1880.
Himyar injured his leg in May 1881 and was retired from racing at six years old.
Stud career.
Himyar died at Gardner's Avondale Stud farm on December 30, 1905, of old age and was buried with the epitaph, "From his ashes speed springs eternal."
Himyar's most notable offspring are the colts, Domino, who was nicknamed 'the black whirlwind' during his racing career, and Plaudit.
He also sired the filly Correction in 1888, who won 38 major stakes races and was considered one of the fastest fillies of the time.
Himyar was the leading sire in North America of 1893.
Through Plaudit, Himyar appears in the pedigrees of many Quarter Horses and his tail-male line is carried through the descendants of Holy Bull (through Plaudit) and Broad Brush (through Domino).
The Himyar sire-line also produced the 1983 Epsom Derby winner Teenoso.
Honors.
The Cabinet of Friis was the government of Denmark from 5 April 1920 to 5 May 1920.
It was created during the Easter Crisis of 1920 and after the Cabinet of Liebe, as a compromise until elections could be held later that year.
The News Media Guild, formerly known as the Wire Service Guild, is Local union 31222 of The NewsGuild, which is a sector of the Communications Workers of America.
Most of its members are employees of the Associated Press, where the union represents reporters, editors, photographers, broadcast staff, payroll clerks and computer technicians.
It also represents employees of United Press International and the EFE news agency in the United States.
Staffers at The Guardian US joined the News Media Guild in 2015.
US-based staff of British financial publisher Pageant Media joined the News Media Guild in 2020.
Staff of civic tech nonprofit Democracy Works and US-based staff of Oxford University Press joined the News Media Guild in 2021.
History.
The national local was founded in 1958, but its roots extend back to the 1940s.
Organizing workers at AP was the subject of a case before the U.S. Supreme Court in "Associated Press v. Labor Board", 301 U.S. 103 (1937) which held that the First Amendment did not give media employers immunity from labor laws.
Walther Caspar Toebbens, from Hamburg).
History.
The unemployment, hunger and malnutrition there were rampant.
At first, they both acted as middlemen between the German high command and the Jewish-run workshops, and placed production orders with them.
Within weeks they opened their own factories in the Ghetto using slave labour on a record scale.
By spring 1942 the "Stickerei Abteilung" division run by Schultz at Nowolipie 44 Street had 3,000 workers making shoes, leather products, sweaters and socks for the Wehrmacht.
Other divisions were making furs and wool sweaters also, guarded by the "Werkschutz" police.
Staying with any of them was a source of envy for other Jews living in fear of deportations.
Relocation.
Fritz Schultz took his manufacture along with 6,000 Jews and their 400 children to the nearby Trawniki concentration camp commanded by Karl Streibel.
A number of vastly profitable enterprises were run by the SS in the Lublin reservation, part of the General Government during the Holocaust in Poland.
The business was booming, with large amounts of money initially coming from the victims of gassing, and foodstuffs requisitioned from terrorized farmers for free.
But not for long.
During the final phase of the Holocaust, the SS-WVHA's economic department under Oswald Pohl had given up the idea of a "reservation", partly due to the Soviet counter-offensive and the Jewish revolts.
The SS proceeded to shut down the "Ostindustrie" entirely in order to prevent further unrest.
On 3 November 1943, all sub-camps of the Majdanek death camp were liquidated in "Aktion Erntefest", the single largest German massacre of Jews in the entire war, with approximately 43,000 victims across District Lublin fatally shot in fake anti-aircraft trenches by the Reserve Police Battalion 101 (a unit of the German Order Police), augmented by a squad of "Hiwis" called "Trawniki men".
He escaped from a train on the way to a trial in Poland and settled under an assumed name in Bavaria, where he founded a new business from his wartime profits.
The State Security Court is a judicial institution in Jordan.
It deals with cases regarding state security, but also with drug offences and other types of cases.
The defendants in the court can be both military personnel as well as civilians.
The Court has faced criticism for lack of independence from the executive, unfair trials, and civilians being defendants in a militarized court.
History.
The State Security Court was derived from earlier military courts from the time when Jordan was under martial law.
In September 2011, King Abdullah II of Jordan limited the possibilities of the Court to adjudicate over civilians.
The changes to the law were to take effect in three years.
The Parliament of Jordan had voted against proposals to remove all jurisdiction over civilians in the court.
Legal process.
The judges on the State Security Court are both civilians and military personnel.
The court can adjudicate in cases against military and civilians.
The jurisdiction of the court lies in both external as internal state security, drug offences and others.
The State Security Court's cases are in principle open to the public, unless the court decides otherwise.
The amended Press and Publication Law of March 2010 forbids journalists from being referred to the State Security Court on cases regarding freedom of expression or speech.
The decisisions of the court can be appealed before the High Court.
Criticism.
Human Rights Watch has criticized the State Security Court's lack of independence from the executive, as the Prime Minister appoints the judges on the court.
It furthermore criticized the inclusion of offenses related to peaceful speech.
The criticism was made after protests in Jordan in 2012 led to detainees being charged in the court.
Amnesty International has criticized the State Security Court for having unfair trials.
The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the United States Department of State in its 2010 Human Rights Report on Jordan noted that attorneys only get to meet their clients shortly before the court case starts.
Unlike many of the older JWH series compounds, this compound does not have a naphthalene ring, instead occupying this position with a 2'-methoxy-phenylacetyl group, making JWH-250 a representative member of a new class of cannabinoid ligands.
Other 2'-substituted analogues such as the methyl, chloro and bromo compounds are also active and somewhat more potent.
History.
JWH-250 was discovered by, and named after the researcher John W. Huffman.
He created JWH-250 and a number of other compounds to research the structure and function of the endocannabinoid system of mammals.
Samples of JWH-250 were first identified in May 2009 by the German Federal Criminal Police, as an ingredient in new generation "herbal smoking blends" that had been released since the banning of the original ingredients (C8)-CP 47,497 and JWH-018.
An ELISA immunoassay technique for detecting JWH-250 in urine has been reported.
Legal status.
Australia.
JWH-250 is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015).
United States.
He was selected in the major competition by popular demand.
Life.
In 1865-1866 he studied sculpture in both Berlin and Paris.
Subsequently, Rygier lived and worked in Florence between 1873-1886, and from 1886 in Rome.
The Academy of Fine Arts of St Petersburg named him as an academic, while the Academies of Fine Arts of Florence and Bologna nominated him as an honorary associate.
He won a stipend in Berlin that allowed him to study in Paris.
There he displayed a life-sized statue of the Madonna at the Salon Exhibition in Paris of 1866.
He returned to Poland to found a factory for the production of terra cotta statues, but the factory fell victim to a fire.
During 1867-1874, he also found patronage in Poland for the production of medallions and busts.
In Warsaw exhibitions, he won awards in 1872 and 1873 for statues of "Faith" and "Copernicus".
He completed several other works, including a statue of the "Immaculate Conception", "Coquette", busts of the "Madonna", and a bust of a girl titled "il Sorriso".
In 1874, Rygier settled in Florence.
There he made a large bronze of the "Risen Christ Blessing the World".
He intended to complete the 14 Stations of the Passion in bronze, but was stymied by the expense.
In 1875, he sculpted a marble "Madonna and child", exhibited at the Salon of Paris.
In 1881, he completed the statue of "Regina Caelorum", who extends her arms to the entire world.
The portraits by this artists include the bust of Antonio Corazzi of Livorno.
In 1874, he offered his larger-than-life marble bust of Copernicus to the Museo Copernicano of Rome, and a terracotta bust of Adam Mickievicz to an Academy in Bologna.
At the International competition of Moscow for the "Monument to Alexander II", in October 1882, Rygier won 3rd prize for 3000 rubles.
But the work was never completed.
The competition for Adam Mickiewicz Monument.
When the remains of Polish national bard Adam Mickiewicz were returned from Paris, a university youth proposed that a monument to the great poet be erected in his home town of Krakow.
In the years 1882-1888, a committee was set up to conduct a public competition for the monument design.
Teodor Rygier took part in all three stages of the contest, and was awarded the rights to produce the monument "by popular demand".
His work was commissioned ahead of that of more than 60 artists, including the renowned Cyprian Godebski, professor at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg from Paris, who had won first prize in the competition.
The artistic committee made numerous requests to Rygier for revisions to his work, delaying its completion.
The monument was finally unveiled on 16 June 1898 for the 100th anniversary of Mickiewicz's birth.
The monument design is conventional for its time.
All bronze figures were cast in the Nellich foundry in Rome.
Geography.
It covers an area of and has a population of 1023 people (2015).
History.
The three homesteads were part of the estate of Count Charles.
Significant progress was made in his time.
Szentmarton.
The village is one of the ancient estates of the Gutkeled clan.
It was already called a village in 1217.
Its fate was shared with the monastery, and after its destruction, the village began to decay.
It was still inhabited in 1427, but three abandoned stone churches showed a large decline in population.
Leah Janessa Hernandez Larot (born 26 August 1989) is a Filipino women's international footballer who plays as a forward.
She is a member of the Philippines women's national football team and was part of the team that competed in the 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup.
College career.
Leah Larot played for the Sacramento State Hornets, the women's soccer team of her college, California State University, Sacramento.
Entering her senior year, Larot has played 62 games for the Hornets, starting as a forward for 29 of those games.
In her senior year, she was named as the Sacramento State Hornets' Best Female Athlete due to her role in helping her team win the Big Sky Conference for the second time in four years.
She was also named as part of the First Team all-Big Sky Conference for that season.
Club career.
In 2018, Larot played for the now-defunct Fresno FC in the Women's Premier Soccer League's Coastal Conference.
International career.
Larot has played for the Philippine national team and is eligible to represent the country through her Filipino father.
She was part of the squad that participated at the 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup in Jordan.
Synopsis.
Chromosome 8 open reading frame 58 is an uncharacterised protein that in humans is encoded by the "C8orf58" gene.
The protein is predicted to be localized in the nucleus.
Gene.
The "C8orf58" gene is located on chromosome 8 at position 8p21.3.
It spans a total of 4,550 base pairs and has seven exons.
C8orf58 is flanked by the genes PDLIM2 and CCAR2.
There are no aliases.
It is defined as a protein coding gene. mRNA.
C8orf58 produces three transcript splice variants.
The transcript of variant 1 represents the longest transcript and encodes the largest protein.
It is 2,062 base pairs and contains seven exons.
There are two other splice variants, produced by alternative splice sites.
Protein.
C8orf58 protein Isoform 1 is 365 amino acids long.
Isoform 2 and Isoform 3 are 357 and 300 amino acids respectively.
There is a kozak consensus sequence present, which confirms it is a protein coding sequence.
C8orf58 Isoform 1 has a molecular weight of 39.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.29.
It is proline and arginine rich and isoleucine, asparagine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine poor.
The predicted secondary structure of the C8orf58 protein include multiple alpha helices and one beta strands.
Evolutionary history.
It is part of the DUF4657 family, a family of proteins found in eukaryotes.
Proteins in this family are typically between 305 and 370 amino acids in length.
The Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) of C8orf58 is located between amino acids 73 to 364.
Expression.
According to the NCBI GEO profiles, C8orf58 is a narrowly expressed protein found in spleen, lung, thymus, prostate, and spinal cord tissue.
It is constitutively expressed in these tissues.
Post-translational modification.
The bioinformatic tools on Expasy were used to determine potential post translational modification sites for the C8orf58 protein.
There are two predicted phosphorylation sites and one predicted sumoylation site.
Subcellular localization.
According to PSORT II, C8orf58 is located in the nucleus.
This is supported by the presence of a sumoylation site, which is involved in nucleic cytoplasmic transport.
Interacting proteins.
Two proteins have been found to interact with protein C8orf58, CENPH and metG1, which were found using two hybrid assay and the two hybrid pooling approach respectively.
CENPH (Centromere Protein H) plays a critical role in centromere structure, kinetochore formation, and sister chromatid separation.
Homology.
An important paralog of this gene is ENSG00000248235.
Protected concerted activity is a legal term used in labor policy to define employee protection against employer retaliation in the United States.
It is a legal principle under the subject of the freedom of association.
The term defines the activities workers may partake in without fear of employer retaliation.
In countries where there is relatively robust employee dismissal protection, the protection of protected concerted activity is less of a distinct legal issue.
In liberal market societies like the United States, where it is comparatively easy for an employer to fire an employee, the issue of protected concerted activity has become an important employment protection.
The National Labor Relations Act, the main labor policy governing labor relations in the United States, defines concerted activity in Section 7.
Employees have a right to advocate in this manner even where there is no union involved.
An individual employee who seeks to enforce a collective bargaining agreement will generally be deemed to be engaged in concerted activity.
The Act does not limit the manner, time, or place in which employees can engage in concerted activity.
Annelies Cook (born August 1, 1984) is a former American biathlete who has been a member of the national team since 2009.
Career.
Cook is originally from Saranac Lake, New York She raced for the Maine Winter Sports Center.
She then earned a bachelor's degree in international studies at the University of Utah.
At the 2013 Biathlon World Championships, Cook finished 38th in the women's 15km individual race, tied for 45th in the 7.5km sprint, and 51st in the 10km pursuit.
She was also on the American mixed relay team that placed 8th at the 2013 World Championships.
William Elliot Whitehorn (born 1960) is a British business executive.
Until December 2010 he was President of Virgin Galactic, a company which plans to offer space tourism flights to the paying public.
Biography.
Whitehorn was born in Edinburgh, Scotland along with siblings Donald, Edward and Katherine.
He attended Edinburgh Academy and Aberdeen University.
He was an air cadet in his teenage years.
Whitehorn's early career was as a crewman on North Sea helicopters and also with the Thomas Cook travel agency.
In 1987, Whitehorn joined Virgin Group after being talent-spotted by Sir Richard Branson, after he had suggested a number of ideas to Virgin the previous year.
He rose to become the head of Virgin's public affairs department.
In that role, where he was effectively the official spokesperson for the company, he was sometimes characterized as Branson's "right-hand man".
From 2007 to 2011 he was president of Virgin's space program, Virgin Galactic, but left owing to the relocation of the testing area.
The series features the vigilante anti-hero the Punisher and ran from April 2000 to March 2001.
Publication history.
The series is regarded as the fifth volume of the "Punisher" title.
The story continued in Ennis' 2001 "The Punisher" ongoing series.
Plot.
Frank, still depicted as a Vietnam War veteran, reestablishes himself in New York City by taking on the Gnucci crime syndicate. move as the police do not really want Frank caught as they secretly condone his actions.
Frank turns the hapless Soap to his side, getting him to pass information on local crime syndicates.
Against his will, Frank gains three loyal friends in his neighbors, Joan the Mouse, Mr. Bumpo, and Spacker Dave.
All end up helping him in his crusade against the Gnuccis.
Some of this is self-defense as the Gnuccis learn where Frank lives and stage an attack.
Spacker himself suffers torture at the hands of the Gnuccis, his piercings ripped out in a fruitless attempt to gain intelligence on Frank.
The Gnucci operation is slowly dismantled.
Soap is promoted to police commissioner.
As a gesture of thanks for aiding him, Frank gives his neighbors a large sum of Gnucci money.
Joan and Spacker would play larger roles in Frank's life later.
Bumpo suffers a medical accident ("something important fell out of his bottom") and moves into a hospital.
Collected editions.
Henle's slender-legged tree frog ("Osteocephalus mimeticus") is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is found in Peru and northeastern Bolivia.
It occurs in lowland, premontane, and montane forest at elevations of above sea level.
Breeding takes place in small streams where the tadpoles develop.
A member of the National Action Party, he served in the Senate of the Republic from 1997 to 2000 after a term as the Attorney General of Chihuahua.
The Qalyoub train collision occurred at a converging junction in Qalyoub to the north of Cairo in Egypt on 21 August 2006, when two commuter trains collided during the morning rush hour, killing 58 people and injuring over 140.
Overview.
A passenger train from Mansoura passed a red signal and crashed into a stationary train that had come from Benha.
Four passenger cars derailed in the accident, which closed the line in the country's Nile Delta region.
The train was estimated to have been travelling at more than at the time of the collision.
The driver of the Mansoura service was amongst the dead.
Aftermath.
In the wake of the accident, Egyptian National Railways director Hanafi Abdel Qawi was dismissed and 14 railway officials were later charged with gross negligence and jailed.
The prosecutor's office said the officials ignored repairing some technical equipment that control train signals.
Egypt has a poor safety record on its railways and there are several fatal accidents each year, usually blamed on inadequately maintained equipment.
Proposed upgrade.
The Italian Catholic diocese of Policastro, in Campania, existed until 1986.
In that year the diocese was suppressed, and its territory united to the diocese of Teggiano-Policastro.
Throughout its existence, Policastro was a suffragan of the archdiocese of Salerno.
History.
In his "Historia naturalis" (Book III, ch.
The Atinates had their center at Atina, the Grumentini had their center at Grumentum, and the Tergilani at Teggiano.
Policastro is believed to be the ancient Pituntia, though there is no source which explicitly so states.
It was the last city in Calabria that remained faithful to the empire of Constantinople, until it was captured by the Normans under Robert Guiscard in 1065.
The city became part of the dukedom of his brother Roger.
In 1290, it belonged to Pietro Ruffo, Count of Catanzaro, having been given to him by King Charles of Anjou.
Foundation of the diocese.
On 22 July 1051, Pope Leo IX issued the bull "Officium Sacerdotale", in which he confirmed the metropolitan status of the archbishops of Salerno, and the privilege of ordering and consecrating the bishops of Paestum, Nola, Conza, Cosenza, and Bisignano.
There is no mention of Policastro.
On 24 March 1058, Pope Stephen IX issued the bull also called "Officium Sacerdotale", in which he confirmed for the archbishops of Salerno the right of consecrating bishops for (in addition to those named by Pope Leo) Malvito, Policastro, Marsico, Martirano, and Caciano.
The archbishops, therefore, had the right to consecrate bishops for Policastro by 1058, though there is no indication that they actually did so.
Pietro da Pappacarbone (1079), a Benedictine of Cava de' Tirreni, resigned after governing the diocese for thirty years, and was succeeded by Arnaldus on 17 February 1110.
The cathedral was dedicated to the Assumption of the Body of the Virgin Mary into Heaven.
The cathedral was administered by a corporation called the Chapter, consisting of two dignities (the Archdeacon and the Cantor) and ten Canons.
The bishops of Policastro had two residences, one in the city next to the cathedral, and the other at Orsaia, where the seminary for clergy was also located.
Frederick II vs. Innocent III.
In 1211, a crisis arose in regard to the diocese of Policastro, with serious ecclesiastical and political implications.
Upon the death of their bishop, the cathedral Chapter met and unanimously elected the archpriest of the collegiate church of Saponaria.
Several canons carried the electoral announcement to Messana to the emperor, to obtain the assent of the Emperor Frederick II.
The emperor ("per regis familiares") rejected the bishop-elect, as well as all the other possible candidates named by the canons, and made it clear that he wished them to nominate his physician, Jacopo.
The Chapter, fearing to incur the anger of the emperor, and also thoroughly unhappy, elected the physician.
They then applied to the archbishop of Salerno, the metropolitan for confirmation and consecration, presenting him with letters from Frederick and from Cardinal Gregory of S. Teodoro, the papal legate.
The archbishop, before proceeding, sought a papal response.
Pope Innocent III suspended action on the cases of the bishops of Policastro and of Sarno, since he wanted to send nuncios to the king.
In the meantime, Jacopo, sought help from the king.
The Chapter of Policastro told the nuncios that they did not want Jacopo, and lodged an appeal at the papal court.
Attempts were made to pressure the papal legate into acting on behalf of Jacopo, but he declined to end the matter and ordered the canons into his presence, bringing with them the papal documents in their possession.
Pope Innocent appointed the archbishop of Cosenza and the abbot of Flore to investigate the claims of Jacopo, the Chapter of Policastro, and the archbishop of Salerno.
After taking testimony, they sent a written report to the pope, along with procurators of the named parties, where they were dealt with by Cardinal Benedetto of Santa Susanna on the pope's behalf.
Pope Innocent then declared the election of Jacopo as contrary to canon law, as well as to the concordat which he had negotiated with Constance, Queen of Sicily, and therefore void.
He ordered the Chapter to proceed with the confirmation of the archpriest of Saponaria by the archbishop of Salerno.
He informed the bishop of Capaccio and the abbot of Cava as to what had been taking place, and ordered them to observe his rulings, and authorized them to impose ecclesiastical censures on those who violated them.
In 1239, the Emperor Frederick II was once again excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX.
The bull cites, as a contributory reason, that he had left numerous dioceses without a bishop in his realms, including Policastro.
Ottoman fleets.
Policastro's position facing the Tyrrhenian Sea (or the Gulf of Policastro, as it is called locally) made it particularly vulnerable to invasion and raiding by pirates.
In 1532 and 1544, the Ottoman admiral Ariadeno Barbarossa (Hayreddin) attacked the city.
In July 1552, the Ottoman fleet of 123 ships, led by Dragut Rais, ravaged the entire coast and besieged Policastro for three days.
The city was destroyed, and the survivors either made galley slaves or sold in the slave markets.
Similar fates struck Vibonati, Santa Marina, San Giovanni a Piro, Torre Orsaia, and Roccagloriosa.
In 1664, sufficiently grave charges as to the conduct of the bishop of Policastro, Filippo Jacobio, in the territory of Orsaia, that Pope Alexander VII, on 1 December 1664, issued a commission to his nuncio in Naples, Giulio Spinola, Archbishop of Laodicea, to launch an investigation and open legal proceedings against the bishop.
The nuncio, however, was not to proceed to a verdict, but instead to submit his findings and conclusion immediately and directly to the pope for final disposition.
In 1667, Bishop Jacobio announced that his cathedral, with six chapels, and the sacristy were practically in ruins.
He therefore began to rebuild the episcopal palace at Orsaia, a town with a population of c. 1,500, where he preferred to live rather than in Policastro, which was nearly deserted and falling apart.
In this palace, Bishop Vincenzo de Sylva, O.P. (1672) was besieged by Count Fabrizio Carafa.
In the mid-17th century, the entire diocese had a population estimated at 50,000.
In 1671, the city of Policastro had a population of 61 persons.
In 1747, the population had risen to about 80 inhabitants.
In 1980, the total population of the diocese was said to be around 40,750.
Diocesan synods.
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy.
Bishop Vincenzo Maria da Silva, O.P.
A diocesan synod was held by Bishop Ludovico Lodovico on 18 April 1816.
Diocesan reorganization.
It also recommended the abolition of anomalous units such as exempt territorial prelatures.
On 8 September 1976, the diocese of Policastro lost territory when Diocese of Tursi-Lagonegro was established.
On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat.
Based on the revisions, a set of "Normae" was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation.
According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, "aeque personaliter", was abolished.
Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese.
On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the dioceses of Diano (Teggiano) and Policastro be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title "Dioecesis Dianensis-Policastrensis", or, in Italian "Diocesi di Teggiano-Policastro".
The seat of the diocese was to be in Teggiano, and the cathedral of Teggiano was to serve as the cathedral of the merged dioceses.
The cathedral in Policastro was to become a co-cathedral, and the cathedral Chapters of Policastro was to be a "Capitulum Concathedralis".
There was to be only one diocesan Tribunal, in Teggiano, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council.
The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the former dioceses of Diano and Policastro.
The Saito Brothers are a professional wrestling tag team composed of Japanese American twin brothers and .
They are currently signed with the Japanese professional wrestling promotion All Japan Pro Wrestling, where they are aligned with the Voodoo Murders stable.
They are also known for their work with various promotions of the Japanese independent scene.
Sumo career.
In September 2009, after having prowess in the United States as American football players, the Saito brothers joined the Dewanoumi stable to compete in sumo.
They were given the "shikona" (ring name) of Fujinoumi Jun () and Fujinohana Rei ().
Professional wrestling career.
Trained by the All Japan Pro Wrestling's dojo from December 2020 through to June 2021, the Saito Brothers made their professional wrestling debut on the first night of the "AJPW Dynamite Series 2021" from June 9, where they fell short to Ryuki Honda and Takao Omori in a tag team match.
On the first night of the "AJPW Raising An Army Memorial Series 2022" from October 2, they joined the Voodoo murders stable after teaming up with Yoshihiro Tajiri to defeat Hokuto Omori, Izanagi, Shuji Ishikawa and Takao Omori in eight-man tag team action.
They soon began chasing after tag team titles promoted by AJPW.
At "AJPW ManiaX In Korakuen Hall" on September 19, 2022, they unsuccessfully challenged Gungnir Of Anarchy (Ryuki Honda and Shotaro Ashino) for the AJPW World Tag Team Championship.
They competed in one of the promotion's signature events, the Real World Tag League, making their first appearance at the 2021 edition, where they placed themselves in the A block in which they failed to score any points after competing against the teams of Suwama and Shotaro Ashino, Abdullah Kobayashi and Drew Parker, and Jake Lee and Hokuto Omori.
At the 2022 edition, they scored a total of six points in a single block after going against the teams of Kento Miyahara and Takuya Nomura, Shuji Ishikawa and Cyrus, Jake Lee and Yuma Aoyagi, Suwama and Kono, Kuma Arashi and Koji Doi, Yuji Nagata and Yuma Anzai, and Shotaro Ashino and Ryuki Honda.
Another event in which they competed was the Champion Carnival.
At the 2023 edition, they competed in separate blocks.
Jun clashed into the A block with T-Hawk, Kento Miyahara, Ryuki Honda, Yuma Aoyagi, Satoshi Kojima, Cyrus and Yoshitatsu, scoring a total of six points, whilst Rei clashed into the B block against Shotaro Ashino, Shuji Ishikawa, Suwama, Manabu Soya, Hokuto Omori, Yuma Anzai and Hokuto Omori, coming out the runner up with eight points.
The Saito Brothers are briefly known for competing in promotions of the Japanese independent scene.
At "Gleat Ver.
EX "Face-Off" Access 2 TDCH" on June 7, 2023, they defeated Bulk Orchestra (Check Shimatani and Hayato Tamura) to win the G-Infinity Championship, their first tag championships of their career.
Overseas excursion (2022).
Jun and Rei underwent a six-month foreign excursion in the first half of 2022, with most of their work spreading towards several promotions from the American scene and European scene.
This is a list of programs previously aired by Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation.
For the current shows of this network, see List of programs broadcast by Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation.
Sports coverages.
51 Pegasi (abbreviated 51 Peg), formally named Helvetios , is a Sun-like star located from Earth in the constellation of Pegasus.
It was the first main-sequence star found to have an exoplanet (designated 51 Pegasi b, officially named Dimidium, formerly unofficially dubbed "Bellerophon") orbiting it.
Properties.
The star's apparent magnitude is 5.49, making it visible with the naked eye under suitable viewing conditions.
51 Pegasi was listed as a standard star for the spectral type G2IV in the 1989 "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars".
Historically, it was generally given a stellar classification of G5V, and even in more modern catalogues it is usually listed as a main-sequence star.
It is generally considered to still be generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core, but to be in a more evolved state than the Sun.
The effective temperature of the chromosphere is about , giving 51 Pegasi the characteristic yellow hue of a G-type star.
Stars with higher metallicity such as this are more likely to host giant planets.
In 1996, astronomers Baliunas, Sokoloff, and Soon measured a rotational period of 37 days for 51 Pegasi.
Although the star was suspected of being variable during a 1981 study, subsequent observation showed there was almost no chromospheric activity between 1977 and 1989.
Further examination between 1994 and 2007 showed a similar low or flat level of activity.
This, along with its relatively low X-ray emission, suggests that the star may be in a Maunder minimum period during which a star produces a reduced number of star spots.
The star rotates at an inclination of 79 degrees relative to Earth.
Nomenclature.
51 Pegasi is the Flamsteed designation.
In July 2014, the International Astronomical Union launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars.
The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names.
In December 2015, the IAU announced the names of Helvetios for this star and Dimidium for its planet.
The names were those submitted by the Astronomische Gesellschaft Luzern, Switzerland.
In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars.
In its first bulletin of July 2016, the WGSN explicitly recognized the names of exoplanets and their host stars approved by the Executive Committee Working Group Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites, including the names of stars adopted during the 2015 NameExoWorlds campaign.
This star is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.
Planetary system.
On October 6, 1995, Swiss astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz announced the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting 51 Pegasi.
The discovery was made at Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France.
On 8 October 2019, Mayor and Queloz shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery.
51 Pegasi b (51 Peg b) was the first discovered planetary-mass companion of a main-sequence parent star.
It orbits very close to the star, experiences estimated temperatures around and has a mass at least half that of Jupiter.
At the time of its discovery, this close distance was not compatible with theories of planet formation and resulted in discussions of planetary migration.
Dextrallorphan (DXA) is a chemical of the morphinan class that is used in scientific research.
As an NMDA receptor antagonist, "in vivo", it is approximately twice as potent as dextromethorphan, and five-fold less potent than dextrorphan.
Uses in Scientific Research.
Masking of sigma-1 receptor.
However, it is now understood that they are non-opioid receptors that bind to certain psychoactive drugs, like dextrallorphan.
Animal Studies.
In another study, dextrallorphan, along with other opioid derivatives, was found to be a potent inhibitor of etorphine-inaccessible (EI) sites in the guinea-pig brain.
History.
In 1955, dextrallorphan has been used to study inhibition of cholinesterases and to look at the relationship between analgetics and acetylcholine metabolism.
However, at this dose the drug showed no effect on the gut tone.
Dextrallorphan was classified as a potent inhibitor of the intestinal and red blood cell cholinesterase based on the concentration of the drug needed to inhibit these enzymes in the cholinesterase preparations from the animals systems utilized.
Simultaneously, dextrallorphan showed no analgesia and no change in intestinal tone.
With these results dextrallorphan helped proved that there is no correlation between the inhibition of cholinesterase systems and analgetic or intestinal effects.
He played college football at Louisiana Polytechnic Institute and attended Columbia High School in Columbia, Louisiana.
College career.
Gregory lettered for the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs from 1940 to 1941.
He became the school's first Associated Press first-team All-American in 1941.
Military career.
Gregory volunteered to serve in the United States Army Air Forces on December 8, 1941 and was a first lieutenant with the 4th Air Force.
Gregory was chosen to play football with the Fourth Air Force Flyers and Hollywood Bears.
Professional career.
Gregory played for the San Francisco 49ers of the AAFC from 1946 to 1947.
He was named Second-team All-AAFC by the New York Daily News in 1947.
Coaching career.
He coached at various schools after his playing career, including Bastrop High School in Bastrop, Louisiana, the Virginia Military Institute and El Dorado High School in El Dorado, Arkansas.
Francis is a Swedish folk quintet formed in Mora, Sweden in 2006 and currently based in Falun.
The band was originally conceived as a punk interpretation of American folk music.
Francis has gained a following in the DIY community of Sweden as well as in the other Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands, where they performed at the Fabriq Festival in 2012.
Beginnings.
Francis has its origins in the DIY scene in Mora.
During the break after their first album in 2011, released only in Sweden, the band members experienced several changes in their personal lives as well as changes in the lineup.
Due to these changes, the band refrained from putting out a full album until 2016.
In October 2015, Francis released their first worldwide single, "Follow Me Home", to be featured on their album "Marathon".
The band collaborated with producer Nicolas Vernhes to create a "crisp, lucid guitar-pop" contrasting with melancholy lyrics.
The song focuses on lyrics at first and then shifts focus to the instrumentals.
This single met with mostly positive reviews in underground blogs, with one reviewer proclaiming them "a name to remember" and "Follow Me Home" a "5-minute wonder."
Musical style and influences.
The original founders of Francis aimed to put a punk spin on modern folk music, citing American musicians Tom Waits and Patti Smith.
On the album "Marathon", the band's sound evolved into a softer pop sound, and they began to focus on politics, including issues of xenophobia in Europe, as well as issues of gender equality.
Band members.
The band's forthcoming "Marathon" will be their first recording to feature the current lineup.
Mases previously worked as a composer for a short film.
Career.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Watson appeared in many television series and films, "In the Heat of the Night" (1967), "Lawman" (1971), "The Hunting Party" (1971), "Chato's Land" (1972), "Executive Action" (1973) and "Wholly Moses!"
(1980).
", CHiPs, "Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected" (in the episode "The Force of Evil"), and many more.
His last appearance was in the film "" (1987) with Michael Moriarty.
Sir Richard Lloyd (bapt.
He entered the Middle Temple in 1720 to study law, was called to the bar in 1723, and made a bencher in 1738.
He succeeded his father before 1713, and his wife's brother to Crustwic.
He was made King's Counsel (K.C.)
He was knighted in 1745.
In 1745, he was the major beneficiary in the will of Lady Winchilsea (widow of Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Winchilsea) and in 1747 bought Hintlesham Hall in Suffolk from the Powys family.
He married Elizabeth, the daughter of William Field of Crustwic, Essex, and had two sons and a daughter.
His sons Richard Savage Lloyd and Heneage Lloyd, were both painted by Thomas Gainsborough.
The film purports to offer a "rare insight" into the influential music group, and consists of live and studio performances by Nirvana, interspersed with interviews with the band and with music industry notables and experts.
It was released on November 21, 2006, and has a running time of 70 minutes.
The film is narrated by Tony Ponfret and produced by Thomas Walker.
Those interviewed include Nirvana's original drummer Chad Channing, Kurt Cobain's biographer Charles R. Cross, and music producer Jack Endino.
The DVD also include biographies of the contributors, an interactive Nirvana quiz, and a two-minute bonus discussion of the "Unplugged in New York" album.
The DVD received generally negative reviews.
PopMatters.com said, "That the album warrants a focused discussion on its creation and impact, both at the time and ongoing, is without debate," but felt that it was "surprising and disappointing" that the collected critics and writers found "so little new to say about the band and their work".
Because of opposition by former treasure-seeking colleagues who believed they owned a share of the golden plates, Smith prepared to leave the Palmyra area for his wife's home town of Harmony, Pennsylvania (now Oakland).
From late 1827 to the end of 1830, Smith would translate the golden plates, publish the Book of Mormon, and establish the Church of Christ.
To translate the golden plates, Smith enlisted the assistance of Martin Harris, a wealthy Palmyra landowner who acted as Smith's scribe.
To translate, Smith used seer stones (one set of which Smith later called the Urim and Thummim), and Smith said the stones showed him the translation.
Translation ceased, however, when Harris lost 116 manuscript pages of uncopied text.
Translation resumed in earnest when Smith was joined in May 1829 by a Smith family associate named Oliver Cowdery.
Translation was completed near the end of July 1829, and the resulting manuscript was published as the Book of Mormon on March 26, 1830, in Palmyra.
By the time the Book of Mormon was published, Smith had baptized several followers who called themselves the Church of Christ.
On April 6, 1830, Smith and five others formally established the Church of Christ in western New York.
Among the most notable early converts was Sidney Rigdon, a Disciples of Christ (Campbell Movement) minister from Kirtland, Ohio, who already shared many early beliefs of the Latter Day Saint movement.
With Rigdon came most of Rigdon's congregation, and at the end of 1830, Smith decided that all members of his new church should move to Kirtland.
Translation of the golden plates.
Recruitment of Martin Harris.
When Smith said he had obtained the book of golden plates from the Angel Moroni (see Early life of Joseph Smith), he also said the angel commanded him "that the plates must be translated, printed and sent before the world".
To do so, however, he needed money, and at the time he was penniless.
Harris had been a close confidant of the Smith family since at least 1826, and he may have heard about Smith's attempts to obtain the plates from the angel even earlier from Joseph Smith Sr.
He was also a believer in Smith's powers with his seer stone.
When Lucy visited Harris, he had heard through the grapevine in Palmyra that Smith said he had discovered a book of Golden Plates, and he was interested in finding out more.
Thus, at Lucy Smith's request, Harris went to the Smith home, heard the story from Smith, and hefted a glass box that Smith said contained the plates.
Smith convinced Harris that he had the plates, and that the angel had told him to "quit the company of the money-diggers".
The money provided by Harris was enough to pay all of Smith's debts in Palmyra, and for him to travel with his new bride Emma and all of their belongings to Harmony Township, Pennsylvania (now in Oakland Township), where they would be able to avoid the public commotion in Palmyra over the plates.
Thus, in late October 1827, they moved to Harmony, with the glass box purportedly holding the plates hidden during the trip in a barrel of beans.
Early transcription and translation.
When Joseph and Emma arrived in Harmony, they stayed temporarily in the home of Emma's father Isaac Hale, while Hale set them up in a home on an adjoining property a few hundred yards from the Susquehanna River.
Skeptical that Smith had found golden plates, Hale asked to see them, but was only allowed to lift the glass box in which Smith said they were kept.
Nevertheless, Hale refused to allow the plates in his home if he could not see them, so the glass box was hidden in the woods nearby, where the plates are said to have remained during much of the translation process that followed.
After a short stay in the Hale home, Joseph and Emma arranged to live in a house moved onto the Hale property.
Emma said that for at least part of the time, Joseph kept the plates in this house on a table, wrapped in a linen tablecloth.
Beginning in December 1827, Smith began transcribing the characters he said were engraved on the plates, and dictating what he said was a translation of some of them.
While transcribing, he reportedly sat behind a curtain and looked at the plates through the Urim and Thummim, passing the written transcriptions to Emma, who was sitting on the other side of the curtain.
Eventually, after some transcription, he began to dictate what he said was a translation of the plates to Emma or her brother Reuben.
Then he would tell the writer and he would write it."
Reportedly, Smith did not need the physical presence of the plates to create the translation, and the plates remained in the nearby woods during the translation.
Harris came to assist with the translation in February 1828.
Around this time, Smith reportedly confided to Emma's uncle that he had doubts about whether or not he should translate the plates, because despite the commandment from God, "he was afraid of the people".
Thus, when Harris arrived, he reportedly had to convince Smith to continue translating, saying, "I have not come down here for nothing, and we will go on with it".
Smith then sent Harris to several well-known scholars to see if they could translate or authenticate some of the transcribed characters, but Harris was unable to get any of the scholars' help or backing.
After visiting his home in Palmyra, Harris then returned to Harmony in the middle of April 1828 and began acting as Smith's scribe while Smith dictated what he later would call the "Book of Lehi".
Harris reported that for at least part of Smith's early translation, Smith used his seer stone to translate, rather than the Urim and Thummim, because the stone was more convenient.
Loss of 116 manuscript pages.
By the middle of June 1828, Smith had dictated about 116 manuscript pages of text, beginning with a story about a man named Lehi in Jerusalem, and ending with a story about King Benjamin, one of his descendants, in the Americas.
Harris, however, was having marital problems with his wife Lucy, who was upset about not being able to see the plates.
Hoping to appease her, and to quell his own doubts, Harris convinced a reluctant Smith to allow him to take the 116 manuscript pages with him on a visit back home in Palmyra.
Because the manuscript was the only copy, however, Smith made Harris sign a written oath that he would show the pages only to five specified people in his family.
While Harris visited Palmyra, Emma gave birth to the young couple's first child, but the boy was deformed and stillborn, leaving Emma deathly ill for about two weeks.
Not hearing word from Harris for three weeks, Smith traveled in July 1828 to Palmyra and learned that Harris had lost the manuscript pages, and had been avoiding him.
Despite his oath, Harris had been exhibiting the manuscript to numerous visitors, and somehow it had disappeared from the drawer where he kept it.
Smith was despondent over losing his child and the manuscript.
He had had great hopes for his first-born child, reportedly telling people that the child would see the plates, and that he would assist in the translation.
When he heard the manuscript was lost, he exclaimed, "Oh, my God!
... All is lost! all is lost!
What shall I do?
After returning to Harmony without Harris, Smith dictated to Emma his first written revelation, which rebuked him for losing the manuscript pages, but pinned most of the blame upon Harris.
However, the revelation assured Smith that all was not lost, because if Smith repented of what he had done, God would "only cause thee to be afflicted for a season, and thou art still chosen, and wilt again be called to the work".
During this period, Smith also reportedly joined a local Methodist Episcopal Church Sunday school class in Harmony.
This church was attended by Emma's family, and led by Nathaniel Lewis, Isaac Hale's brother-in-law.
His membership, however, was resisted by several members who were aware of his treasure hunting activities, and Smith voluntarily withdrew his membership.
Resumption of translation.
As part of the penalty for losing the manuscript, Smith said the angel took away the Urim and Thummim, returning it once again on September 22, 1828, the autumn equinox and the anniversary of the day he first received the plates.
Smith said the angel also temporarily took back the plates during that time.
By February 1829, Smith had begun translating sporadically with Emma as scribe.
Smith resumed the translation beginning at the story of King Benjamin now found in the Book of Mosiah, where Smith had left off with Harris before losing the 116 pages.
He translated by sitting "with his face buried in his hat with the seer stone in it, and dictating hour after hour with nothing between us".
The translation during this time was sporadic, in part because Emma was busy running the household, and Joseph was working outside the home.
They received some support for the translation, however, including money for paper, from Joseph Knight Sr., Smith's associate from his treasure hunting expeditions.
In March 1829, Harris returned to Harmony and wanted to see the plates first hand.
Arrival of Oliver Cowdery.
Part of Smith's March 1829 revelation told Smith to stop translating for a while, until there was a means whereby he could continue the translation.
That "means", in Smith's view, arrived on April 5, 1829, in the form of Oliver Cowdery.
Cowdery, a school teacher born in Vermont, had heard about Smith's golden plates while he boarded with the Joseph Smith Sr. family during the school year, and had traveled with Joseph's brother Samuel Harrison Smith to Harmony hoping that he could serve as Smith's scribe.
Smith was happy to have his assistance, and on April 7, 1829, Smith and Cowdery began translating full-time.
According to Smith's revelations, this gift to translate was not limited to the golden plates, but included other ancient hidden records.
For example, Smith's next revelation was what he said was the translation of a hidden parchment written by John the Apostle, and presumably still hidden at the time of the translation.
While Cowdery, too, was to have the "gift" to translate, when Cowdery attempted his own translation of some unknown hidden record, he was unsuccessful, and he returned to acting as Smith's scribe.
Consequently, a revelation by Smith stated that Cowdery's translation of hidden records would have to wait until after Smith had fully translated the golden plates.
With Cowdery as scribe, Smith continued dictating what he said was the translation of the golden plates.
On or before May 1829, Smith dictated a revelation warning him that whoever had stolen the 116 manuscript pages was planning to wait until Smith re-translated that section of the golden plates, and then alter it, to show Smith could not translate the same words twice.
On May 15, 1829, according to Cowdery's later reminiscences, the translation of what is now the book of Third Nephi led Smith and Cowdery to pray so that they could receive authority to baptize.
Thus, they said that an angel appeared, granting them that authority, and then they baptized each other in a river near their home in Harmony.
Ten days later, they baptized Samuel, who was still residing with them.
In late May 1829, Samuel Smith returned home to Palmyra, reporting to the Smith and Harris families that Smith's translation with Cowdery as scribe was proceeding rapidly.
Samuel's report excited Martin Harris, but angered Harris's wife Lucy, who gathered witnesses and filed a criminal complaint against Smith in Lyons, New York, in an attempt to prove that Smith was pretending to have the golden plates in order to defraud her husband.
A trial proceeded "in absentia" against Smith, but was dismissed after the judge heard the testimony of Martin Harris.
Meanwhile, a group of people in Harmony began to threaten the progress of Smith's translation.
The Whitmers were happy to oblige, and offered free room and board.
Thus, David Whitmer took a large wagon to Harmony at the beginning of June 1829, and moved Smith and Cowdery to Fayette.
This time, rather than hiding the golden plates in the wagon during the travels as he said he did on his trip to Harmony, Smith said he gave the plates to an angel, who transported the plates and then delivered them to Smith in Fayette.
However, by this time, Smith was not directly using the plates in the process of translation.
Emma did not initially accompany Smith to Fayette, although she came later for a time.
Completion and publication of the Book of Mormon.
Initial publication attempt.
At the Whitmer home in Fayette, New York, Smith proceeded to complete the translation of the golden plates, with Cowdery acting as scribe as he did in Harmony, but with the additional assistance of David Whitmer, David's brother John Whitmer, and another scribe whose handwriting has not been identified.
Smith proceeded translating to what he said was the very last of the golden plates in the translated collection, where he said he found a title page.
On June 11, 1829, to secure his copyright, Smith deposited a copy of the title page with the local federal district court.
In the early part of June 1829, Smith also took a copy of the title page and a few pages of translation to Palmyra village and attempted during several interviews to make arrangements to have his translation published by E. B. Grandin, publisher of "The Wayne Sentinel" and friend of Martin Harris.
Although Grandin provided an approximate estimate of the costs, he initially declined to publish the book.
As for funding, Smith attempted unsuccessfully to secure the financial assistance from several family acquaintances.
Twelve witnesses and the completion of translation.
During the remainder of June 1829, Smith continued the work of translation in Fayette by dictating a replacement section for the 116 pages previously lost by Harris.
Some time before June 14, 1829, a revelation by Smith commanded Cowdery and Whitmer to seek out twelve "disciples", who desired to serve, and who would "go into all the world to preach my gospel unto every creature", and who would be ordained to baptize and to ordain priests and teachers.
Soon thereafter in the second half of June 1829, a group of Three Witnesses and a separate group of Eight Witnesses were selected, in addition to Smith himself, to testify that Smith had the golden plates.
The Three Witnesses were selected soon after a visit by Harris to the Whitmer home in Fayette, accompanied by Smith's parents, to inquire about the translation.
In response, Smith dictated a revelation that the three of them would see the golden plates.
Thus, Smith took the three of them to the woods near the Whitmer home and they had a shared vision in which they all claimed to see (with their "spiritual eyes", Harris reportedly said) an angel holding the golden plates and turning its leaves.
The four of them also said they heard "the voice of the Lord" telling them that the translation of the plates was correct, and commanding them to testify of what they saw and heard.
The Eight Witnesses were selected a few days later when Smith traveled to Palmyra with the males of the Whitmer home, including David Whitmer's father Peter, his brothers Christian, Jacob, and John, and his brother-in-law Hiram Page.
Smith took this group, along with his father Joseph Smith Sr. and his brothers Hyrum and Samuel to a location near Smith's parent's home in Palmyra where the angel had transported the plates, where Smith said he showed them the golden plates.
Like the Three Witnesses, the Eight Witnesses later signed an affidavit for inclusion at the end of the Book of Mormon.
Though the Eight Witnesses did not refer, like the Three, to an angel or the voice of God, they said that they had hefted the plates and seen the engravings on them.
After the experiences of the twelve witnesses, Smith continued the translation at the Whitmer home in Fayette.
On June 26, 1829, E.B.
Possibly because of this article and Smith's growing notoriety, the late stages of Smith's translation were interrupted periodically with curious visitors.
Translation was completed around July 1, 1829, after which Smith reportedly returned the plates to the angel.
Publication of the Book of Mormon and associated notoriety.
Smith's first attempt at arranging publication of the Book of Mormon with E.B.
Grandin was unsuccessful.
Harris had also unsuccessfully approached Jonathan A. Hadley, another Palmyra printer who published the anti-Masonic "Palmyra Freeman".
Smith and Harris also traveled to Rochester, New York and approached Thurlow Weed, an anti-Masonic publisher who, like Grandin and Hadley in Palmyra, also refused to publish the book, even though Harris offered his farm as security.
Smith next approached Weed's competitor in Rochester, Elihu F. Marshall, who agreed to publish the book.
With Marshall's offer in hand, Smith and Harris then approached Grandin a second time, hoping for a better offer that wouldn't require travel to Rochester.
Negotiations with Grandin continued from July to August 1829.
Half the sum was to be paid by Harris, and the other half was to be paid by Smith and his brother Hyrum.
While Smith was attempting to arrange for publication during July and August 1829, several area newspapers ran harshly critical articles on the Book of Mormon, and reprinted the title page published on June 26, 1829, in "The Wayne Sentinel".
This began with a "Palmyra Freeman" article written by Jonathan A. Hadley.
Between August and October 1829, the Hadley article was reprinted in Lockport, New York, Rochester, New York, Painesville, Ohio, and Salem, Massachusetts.
In July and August, the Biblical-sounding language style of the Book of Mormon's title page was satirized by a series of articles in a Rochester paper.
In October, Smith moved to Harmony, Pennsylvania to rejoin his wife Emma, leaving Oliver Cowdery in charge of supervising the publication in Palmyra.
Before leaving, Smith said he had a revelation that the original manuscript should remain in the Smith home while Cowdery made a copy, then Hyrum Smith would take only enough of the transcript for each day's typesetting to Grandin's office per day, accompanied by a guard, while Peter Whitmer guarded the Smith home.
Smith arrived in Harmony on October 4, 1829, where he found the opposition that had caused his move to Fayette had abated.
He also sent Cowdery and Hiram Page as missionaries to Toronto, unsuccessfully, to raise money by selling the book's Canadian copyright.
In January 1830, Hyrum Smith and Cowdery discovered that Abner Cole, publisher of the Palmyra newspaper "The Reflector", had taken portions of the pre-published Book of Mormon and began printing them in his newspaper.
The paper was printed at E. B. Grandin's printing shop on nights and weekends, and therefore Cole had access to the unpublished Book of Mormon text.
Unable to convince Cole to stop printing, Hyrum and Oliver sent for Smith, who returned briefly from Harmony and convinced Cole to submit the matter to an arbitrator, who held that Cole's publication was a copyright infringement and ordered him to stop.
Later in January 1830, a group of Palmyra citizens passed a resolution calling for a local boycott of the Book of Mormon.
As a result, Grandin stopped printing in January 1830.
Smith and Harris then went to Grandin's office, and convinced Grandin to resume printing, which he did on January 26, 1830.
In late March 1830, Smith travelled once again from Harmony to Palmyra.
The first advance copies of the Book of Mormon were becoming available, and Harris was attempting to sell them, but not getting any buyers.
Harris, therefore, waffled on his commitment to pay the printing costs.
Pay the printer's debt."
Harris renewed his commitment to pay the printing costs, and on March 26, 1830, Grandin made copies of the Book of Mormon available for purchase at the bookshop on the ground floor of his shop.
Bible revision.
In June 1830, Smith dictated a revelation in which Moses narrates a vision in which he sees "worlds without number" and speaks with God about the purpose of creation and the relation of humankind to deity.
This revelation initiated a revision of the Bible which Smith worked on sporadically until 1833 but which remained unpublished until after his death.
Smith expressed to his followers that this "new translation" of the Bible would be published "as soon the Lord permit."
He may have considered it complete, though according to Emma Smith, the biblical revision was still unfinished when Joseph died.
In the course of producing the Book of Mormon, Smith declared that the Bible was missing "the most plain and precious parts of the gospel".
While many changes involved straightening out seeming contradictions or making small clarifications, other changes added large interpolations to the text.
For example, Smith's revision nearly tripled the length of the first five chapters of Genesis into a text called the Book of Moses.
Book of Moses.
The Book of Moses itself begins with Moses speaking with God "face to face" and seeing a vision of all existence.
Moses is initially overwhelmed by the immensity of the cosmos and humanity's smallness in comparison, but God then explains that he made the earth and heavens to bring humans to eternal life.
The book subsequently provides an enlarged account of the Genesis creation narrative which describes God having a corporeal body, followed by a rendering of the fall of Adam and Eve in celebratory terms which emphasize eating the forbidden fruit as part of a process of gaining knowledge and becoming more like God.
The Book of Moses also expands the story of Enoch, described in the Bible as being an ancestor of Noah.
In the expanded narrative, Enoch has a theophany in which he discovers that God is capable of sorrow, and that human sin and suffering cause him to grieve.
Enoch then receives a prophetic calling, and he eventually builds a city of Zion so righteous that it is taken to heaven.
Enoch's example inspired Smith's own hopes to establish the nascent Church of Christ as a Zion community.
The book also elaborates some passages that (to Christians) foreshadowed the coming of Christ, into explicit Christian knowledge of and faith in Jesus as a Savior - in effect Christianizing the Old Testament.
Early ecclesiastical leadership.
Informal "Church of Christ" in 1829 and early 1830.
Even before translation of the Book of Mormon was completed, Smith and Cowdery began baptizing several converts to the new faith.
These adherents referred to themselves as the "Church of Christ".
In June 1829, in response to concerns by Cowdery, Smith dictated a revelation commanding Cowdery to "build up my church", based upon the theological principles Smith had been dictating, he said, from the golden plates.
Cowdery was described in his revelation as "an Apostle of Jesus Christ".
Similarly, several of the other Twelve Witnesses to the Book of Mormon were described by people of the Palmyra area as "apostles" or "elders" in this new faith, and beginning in August 1829 some of them were given missions to preach the gospel.
This mission, however, was unsuccessful, and the group returned empty-handed to the Whitmer home in Fayette, New York, where Smith was then visiting.
In early 1830, Smith reportedly discontinued the use of his seer stones in dictating revelations, from then on dictating the revelations based solely upon the impressions the Holy Spirit was said to have put in his mind.
Formal organization of the Church of Christ.
By the spring of 1830, Smith had in mind the idea that his informal body of believers who called themselves the Church of Christ should be organized as a formal, legal body.
Therefore, Smith traveled from Harmony to the Manchester-Palmyra area.
In March 1830, just before publication of the Book of Mormon.
Smith stayed in Palmyra until April 6, 1830, the date he had chosen to formally organize the church.
While in Manchester that day, a Tuesday, Smith dictated a series of short revelations, including a revelation stating that Smith was to be considered "a seer, a translator, a prophet, an apostle of Jesus Christ, an elder of the church".
The revelation stated that Smith was to be the first "elder" in the Church of Christ, while Cowdery was to be the "first preacher".
Then several people, including Martin Harris and Joseph Smith Sr., but apparently not Joseph Smith himself, were baptized that night in a nearby dammed-off stream.
Although the baptisms were performed after dark "because of persecution", the event was witnessed by a few non-believing Palmyra residents.
The majority of witnesses say this organizational event took place in the log home of Joseph Smith Sr. in the Manchester area, followed by a meeting the next Sunday in Fayette, New York.
Nevertheless, one of Smith's histories, and a later statement by David Whitmer place the event in Fayette.
On April 11, 1830, the first Sunday after the Tuesday, April 6 organization date, the newly formed church held its first worship services in Fayette, attended by a much larger group of about 30 people.
At least six other people were baptized that day in the nearby Seneca Lake, and at least seven others were baptized on the following Sunday, April 18, after a revelation two days earlier had stated that new converts had to be rebaptized into "a new and an everlasting covenant" regardless of any prior baptism.
Oliver Cowdery, as the "first preacher", took the lead in both baptism and the giving of sermons.
Smith and the leaders of his church also began teaching and baptizing in Colesville, New York, near Smith's home in Harmony, where his friend Joseph Knight Sr. lived.
The Colesville meetings were "well-attended" and led to several baptisms, particularly after word got out that Smith had performed an exorcism of one of Joseph Knight's sons.
Thus, by June 1830, the new church had about 30 members.
On June 9, 1830, the church held its first conference in Fayette.
It was on this occasion that Smith called for a vote on the "Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ", which would serve as the church's constitution.
At the conference, several said they had visions, others fainted and had to be laid on beds, others shouted hosannas.
Colesville branch.
In addition to the members in the Palmyra-Manchester area and in Fayette, Smith soon found followers in Colesville, New York, a town near Harmony on the Susquehanna River.
Smith's friend Joseph Knight Sr. lived there, and the Universalist Knight had been receptive to Smith's ideas.
In April 1830, Smith visited Colesville and held several "well-attended" meetings.
Smith achieved a great deal of notoriety when he reportedly performed an exorcism on one of Knight's sons, Newel Knight.
This exorcism convinced several Colesville residents to be baptized, including eventually Newel, who traveled to Fayette in late May to be baptized, and was present during the June 9, 1830 conference, where he fell into a trance and awoke saying he'd had a theophany.
After the June 9, 1830 conference and a brief return home to Harmony, with Knight's exorcism in recent memory, Smith dictated what was described as a secret vision of Moses, not to be shown "unto any except them that believe", in which Satan attempted to convince Moses that he was Jesus.
Although Smith did not give a date for this event, it could have occurred during this time when he was thinking about exorcisms and appearances of the devil near the Susquehanna.
In late June 1830, Smith, Emma, Cowdery, and John and David Whitmer visited Colesville and baptized Joseph Knight Sr., many of his family, and several others in the area.
This activity, and the recent exorcism of Newel Knight, aroused the animosity of a group of local residents, leading to Smith's arrest by the local constable on "disorderly person" (vagrancy) charges.
Smith was transported to South Bainbridge, New York.
His two-day trial took place in late June, ending on July 1, 1830, and he was defended by two attorneys hired by Joseph Knight, who got him acquitted.
Immediately after his release, however, he was arrested again and transported back to Colesville for a second trial, for which he was also acquitted.
After a few days home in Harmony, Smith returned to Joseph Knight's house in Colesville with Cowdery, but after they saw a mob gathering, were quickly forced to run all night back to Harmony, while pursued by the mob, stopping only once to rest under a tree.
Definition of Smith's role in the church.
Back at his home in Harmony, Pennsylvania, Smith dictated a revelation indicating that he and Cowdery should begin acting more as full-time clergy.
John Whitmer, who had begun living with Joseph and Emma, was also given a full-time clerical role.
Smith's wife Emma also wanted to know her place within the new church, and a second revelation reassured her that Smith would support her with church funds.
She was not destined to be a witness of the golden plates (v. 8), but she was to act as Joseph's scribe when Cowdery was unavailable (v. 5), and she was to create a church hymnal (v. 11).
Smith, with the assistance of John Whitmer, then began to copy and compile the revelations Smith had dictated up to that point, while Cowdery returned to Fayette.
Cowdery and most of the Whitmer family in Fayette became alarmed, however, when they learned that Smith had added a phrase to the "Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ", requiring good works as a prerequisite for baptism, and Cowdery commanded Smith to retract the added phrase.
Smith had to travel to Fayette to convince Cowdery and the Whitmers "that the sentence was reasonable, and according to Scripture".
In August 1830, back in Harmony, Smith began once again to arouse resentment with the neighbors, and Emma's parents finally turned against him.
On the urging of Nathaniel Lewis, a Methodist deacon who was married to Isaac Hale's sister, Isaac Hale indicated he would no longer offer Smith and other church members his protection.
As he began to fear for his safety, he dictated a revelation that it was not safe to buy wine or liquor from the church's enemies, and that any wine or liquor consumed by church members, including sacramental wine, must be made by church members.
Given the resentment in Harmony, and the continued open hostility in Colesville, Smith moved in September 1830 to Fayette, where the Whitmer family had once again offered him residence.
In Fayette, Smith found that Hiram Page, one of the Eight Witnesses, had been dictating revelations using his own seer stone, and that Oliver Cowdery, the Whitmer family, and most church members had been accepting them as the word of God.
Page's revelations had to do with the establishment of Zion, including the location of the "New Jerusalem" city predicted in the Book of Mormon (Ether, ch.
13).
Page's revelations, and their general acceptance as scripture by the Fayette branch, weighed upon Smith as he prepared for the church's second conference, scheduled for September 26, 1830.
Prior to that conference, Smith dictated a revelation to Cowdery indicating, for the first time, that Smith "alone" was "appointed to receive commandments and revelations in the Church".
Cowdery would continue to have his own written revelations, but he was to "write them not by way of commandment", and he was particularly forbidden to command Smith, whom the revelation described was to be "at the head of the church".
Furthermore, after the conference, Cowdery would be sent on a mission "among the Lamanites" (Native Americans).
As to Page's revelations, they originated from Satan, and in fact nobody knew the location of the "New Jerusalem", though it would be somewhere "among the Lamanites".
In preparation for the church's second conference, Smith also dictated his most significant revelation since the Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ.
The revelation contained grand eschatological themes, and stated that the "elect" would be "gathered in unto one place, upon the face of this land" in anticipation of the Tribulation.
At the church's second conference, dated September 26, 1830, the church discussed Page's revelations, and Page agreed to renounce his seer stone and his revelations.
Smith then dictated a series of revelations chastising David Whitmer and calling several missionaries.
Mission to the "Lamanites" and recruitment of Sidney Rigdon.
In October 1830, after the Second Conference, Smith dispatched Oliver Cowdery on his mission to the "Lamanites".
Cowdery was accompanied by Parley P. Pratt, a recent convert who had been a missionary for the Disciples of Christ in Amherst, Ohio.
On their way to the "Lamanites", the missionaries passed by Kirtland, Ohio, where there was a Disciples of Christ congregation, and converted its minister Sidney Rigdon and about 20 members of his congregation.
Then Cowdery's delegation continued toward their destination of the "Lamanites" west of the Mississippi River.
Meanwhile, Rigdon traveled the opposite direction from Ohio to Fayette, New York to see Smith, arriving in December 1830.
To mark the occasion, Smith dictated a revelation directed to Rigdon comparing Rigdon with John the Baptist, stating that like John, Rigdon had previously "baptized by water unto repentance, but they received not the Holy Ghost".
But now, when Rigdon would baptize, they would "receive the Holy Ghost by the laying on of hands, even as the apostles of old".
Furthermore, Rigdon was to watch over Smith, that Smith's "faith fail not", and as long as Smith was faithful, he would have the "keys" to reveal all the "mysteries" of God that had previously been "sealed".
In the absence of Cowdery, Rigdon became Smith's new scribe, and Smith dictated to Rigdon what Smith said was a translation of the Prophecy of Enoch, a "lost book" referred to in the Book of Jude.
The project of translating the "sealed" mysteries of God was soon postponed, however, as a revelation in late December 1830 indicated that the church headquarters was to move from Fayette to Kirtland to await Oliver Cowdery's return there from his mission to the "Lamanites".
References.
He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.
Zutter won one of the events, the pommel horse.
He was also the runner-up in two more events, the vault and the parallel bars.
In addition, he competed in the horizontal bar event, but without success.
In 1893 his father was hired as a trainer in Panachaikos Gymnastikos Syllogos and Louis became a member of the club.
After his success in the 1896 Olympics, he was honoured in Patras with the Greek athletes by the city.
Griffith's sign is a clinical sign in which there is lid lag of the lower eyelid on moving the eye upwards.
At the 2006 census, its population was 420, in 106 families.
The National Guard Military Academy (in Spanish "Academia Militar de la Guardia Nacional Bolivariana"), opened in 1936, is a military academy training future officers of the Venezuelan National Guard.
It shares its campus in Caracas's Fort Tiuna with the Military Academy of the Bolivarian Army.
Mission.
Curriculum and academic programs.
Just like so many military academies in the world, the NGMA is a medium-sized, highly residential baccalaureate college, with a full-time, four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with no graduate program, preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being commissioned officers of the Venezuelan National Guard.
The academy is accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education.
Academic program.
The academic program consists of a structured core of subjects depending on the cadet's chosen specialty as a future National Guard officer, balanced between the arts and sciences, plus additional emphasis in law enforcement.
Regardless of major, all cadets graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree.
Military curriculum.
As all cadets are commissioned as second lieutenants upon graduation, military and leadership education is nested with academic instruction.
Military training and discipline fall under the purview of the Office of the Commandant of Cadets.
Entering freshmen, or 4th class cadets, are referred to as New Cadets, and enter the academy on Reception Day (in September or October ) to start off their military service training as future officers in Fort Tiuna, and are recognized as full cadets in a ceremony in November.
The 2nd, 3rd and 4th years of study, aside from the usual academic work, also involve specialty training in the specialty branches of the National Guard in their respective branch training schools, public relations activities and advanced training in law enforcement.
Selected cadets are also selected for foreign exchange studies in the military and police academies of Belarus, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Argentina.
The Academy also has links with military and police academies in Latin America and thus also has a sizable number of foreign exchange cadets who graduate as Second Lieutenants or equivalents and with a bachelor's degree and thus return to their countries of origin to serve in their police forces.
As the Corps of Cadets is structured into a Regiment, command of the Battalions and Companies fall under the responsibility of active duty officers in the rank of captain or major, unlike the academies in the US and UK and therefore following Prussian practice.
Two White Arms, also known as Wives Beware, is a 1932 British comedy film directed by Fred Niblo and starring Adolphe Menjou, Margaret Bannerman and Claud Allister.
It is adapted from a play by Harold Dearden.
Produced by Eric Hakim Productions and backed by MGM, the film was produced at Wembley Studios.
It was Bannerman's first 'talkie'.
Premise.
A man tires of married life and feigns the loss of his memory so he can pursue other women.
Trivia.
Ryafan was an American-bred, British-trained thoroughbred racehorse.
Background.
She was sired by Lear Fan, an American stallion who raced in Europe, winning the Prix Jacques le Marois in 1984.
His other progeny included Good Ba Ba and Sikeston.
Racing career.
She won a number of prestigious races, including the Falmouth Stakes and the Nassau Stakes in England, the Prix Marcel Boussac in France, and the Queen Elizabeth II Challenge Cup Stakes and the Yellow Ribbon Stakes in the United States of America.
Breeding record.
Uromycladium falcatarium (falcataria gall rust fungus) is a species of rust fungus in the genus "Uromycladium".
Taxonomy and host specificity.
Falcataria gall rust fungus ("Uromycladium falcatarium") is potentially specific to only one host plant, "Falcataria moluccana".
However, "U. falcatarium" is closely related to the acacia gall rust fungus "U. tepperianum", which has almost 100 known hosts including plants from several tribes of Mimosoideae.
Research suggests that "U. tepperianum" may comprise several unrecognized taxa with greater levels of host specificity.
It is uncertain if previous reports of "Uromycladium" fungal infections reported on "F. moluccana" are from "U. tepperianum" or "U. falcatarium".
For example, laboratory studies that manually inoculated "F. moluccana" and "Acacia mangium" with "Uromycladium" fungal spores collected from "F. moluccana" in Yogyakarta, Indonesia were only infectious on the sengon leaves and spores did not penetrate the "A. mangium" leaves.
The authors of this last study considered these spores to be from "U. tepperianum" but did not report how they determined the identity of the fungus used for their experiments.
Distribution.
"Uromycladium falcatarium" has been reported from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Timor Leste primarily from areas where its host tree "F. moluccana" is cultivated for timber production.
First reported in the Philippines in 1990 falcataria rust gall fungus disease spread to Sabah, Malaysia in 1992, and to Indonesia starting in 1997 on Seram island Maluku Province, Java in 2004 and Bali in 2006.
In 1999 an epidemic outbreak in East Timor spread throughout the coffee-growing districts where "F. moluccana" is planted as shade trees for the coffee plants.
It is predicted that this disease will continue to spread westward with the prevailing trade winds.
Paradoxides is a genus of large to very large trilobite found throughout the world during the Middle Cambrian period.
One record-breaking specimen of "Paradoxides davidis", described by John William Salter in 1863, is .
The cephalon was semicircular with free cheeks ending in long, narrow, recurved spines.
Its pygidium was comparatively small.
"Paradoxides" is a characteristic Middle-Cambrian trilobite of the 'Atlantic' (Avalonian) fauna.
Avalonian rocks were deposited near a small continent called Avalonia in the Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean.
Avalonian beds are now in a narrow strip along the East Coast of North America, and in Europe.
Description.
The exoskeleton of "Paradoxides" is large to very large, relatively flat, and about one and a half times longer than wide, with greatest width across the genal spines.
The cephalon is close to semicircular with long genal spines developed from the posterolateral corners of the cephalon.
Depending on species the facial sutures are of variable length behind the palpebral lobes.
The preocular sections of the facial suture follows a slight S-curve and intersect the anterior cephalic margin in front of the eye.
Four pairs of glabellar furrows are usually present, the posterior two pairs (1p and 2p) are transglabellar. 3p and 4p furrows short with 4p commonly directed forwards and outwards to intersect axial furrows opposite maximum glabellar width.
Palpebral lobes are short and of variable length.
Hypostoma in some species is fused with the rostral plate, e.g. in "Paradoxides davidis", a character that distinguishes the genus from all other trilobites, except in some Cambrian Corynexochida such as "Oryctocephalus" and "Fieldaspis".
Spines on rear thoracic segment twice as long, often more, than associated pleurae and extending well beyond the pygidium.
Pygidium is small with one or two axial rings and may be partially or completely fused to the last thoracic segment.
The axis does not reach the rear margin of the pygidium and defines a U-shaped pleural field.
Ontogeny.
The larval development (or ontogeny) of "Paradoxides" was already described by Barrande (in 1852).
The earliest stage (protaspis) is a disc with three pairs of spines on the margin.
These spines will have disappeared in adult specimens.
The first of future thoracic spines are placed immediately next to the intergenal spines and curve to a parallel with the midline.
The front of the glabella almost reaches the front and consists of four sets of lobes divided by a furrow on the midline in the frontal two-thirds, and furrows between them.
The most backward set consisting of two central and two lateral lobes.
Further backwards is the final element of the glabella, one central occipital lobe that carries a small node, and two lateral occipital lobes.
The axis is terminated with three rings of somewhat decreasing width.
Like in many early trilobites, the thorax of "Paradoxides" consists of so-called nonfulcrate segments, that allow the animal to roll, providing protection from front, rear, top, and bottom, while leaving access to the soft ventral side of the animal from each of the sides.
Complete specimens of "Paradoxides" have been found with the librigenae and fused rostral-hypostomal plate.
In moulting, the body was arched above the substrate, with the anterior border at the front and posterior pleural spines dug into sediment.
Stretching the body would then result in rupturing the sutures in the cephalon and flipping off the librigenae including the rostral-hypostomal plate.
After moulting the animal would exit moving forward from its old exoskeleton.
Specimens of "Paradoxides" have been found containing intact "Peronopsis" trilobites between glabella and hypostome and where the gut would have been, and these are assumed to have not been food items of the large trilobite, but instead either scavenged on its digestive track, or found shelter.
Reassigned species.
Mandura is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or "woredas", in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia.
Part of the Metekel Zone, it is bordered by Dangur in the north and northwest, by Pawe special woreda in the northeast, by Amhara Region in the east, by Dibate in the south, and by Bulen in the southwest.
Towns in Mandura include Genete Mariam.
Remaining parts of Guangua was transferred to Amhara when that region was organized in the 1992.
Demographics.
Born in Saint-Maxime, Quebec, he was a manufacturer by career, and also served as mayor of Saint-Maxime.
The town is on the Midland Highway, south of Ballarat on the road to Geelong.
Buninyong was proclaimed a town on 27 June 1851 on the same day as Winchelsea, Portarlington, Longwood, Avenel, Cavendish, Euroa and Gisborne.
All were preceded by Benalla and Wangaratta that were proclaimed on 7 and 11 April 1849 respectively.
Gold was reported "within a mile or two of the township of Buninyong" on 12 August 1851.
Gold had been reported earlier at Clunes on 25 July 1851, The major gold rush to the Ballarat region had begun.
The population at the was 3,797.
The name originates from an Aboriginal word also recorded as 'Buninyouang', said to mean 'man lying on his back with his knees raised', which is in reference to the shape of Mount Buninyong.
European settlers named it Bunnenyong and the name later simplified to its current form.
History.
Buninyong has an important place in history as one of the principal inland communities of pre-gold rush Victoria.
It was explored in January 1838 by a party including Thomas and Somerville Learmonth, and then occupied by the Learmonths in February 1838 as a sheep station.
A Post Office opened on 1 January 1845 to serve the needs of the settlers and was known as Bunnenyong until 1859.
Although gold was being found in the area from about 1840 the 'official' finding of gold was when it was found 3 kilometres west of the town in 1851 by Thomas Hiscock, the local Buninyong blacksmith, at an area still known as Hiscock's.
Evidence is slowly emerging that the early pastoralists were finding gold, but not making their good fortune known because of the fear the Colonial Government would confiscate their finds because the whole area was Crown Land.
By 1871 there were 2281 people and 20 hotels at Buninyong.
A significant figure in Buninyong's gold rush era was Henry Joseph Desoza.
Desoza was a wealthy philanthropist who made his fortune by both speculation and the leasing of both land and machinery to gold mining companies.
One such enterprise was named the Desoza Freehold, from which Desoza received royalties.
Desoza himself never held shares in The Desoza Freehold or any other mine he helped finance relying instead on the royalty system.
In a peculiar ceremony in 1883 he was crowned with a circlet of gold mined from The Desoza Freehold.
Thereafter Desoza was known as The Gold King of Buninyong.
The Gold King title was celebrated in the township with a Gold King Festival held in February each year from 1975 to 2009.
The town's wide streets were planned in expectation of further growth, however prosperity ended with the gold rush and the town reverted to a small pastoral settlement.
A railway from Ballarat was opened in 1889 with the passenger station completed in 1890, although it is no longer used.
The line ran from the Ballarat station stopping at Ballarat East Station, Eureka Station, Levy Siding, Canadian Station, Mount Clear Station, Reid Siding, Mt Helen Siding terminating at the Buninyong Station.
Popularly named 'The Bunny' the line ceased to carry passengers in the late 1930s, and freight in 1947 when the line was closed.
Buninyong's landmarks include Mount Buninyong (volcanic mountain), gardens and the many historic buildings, including the Town Hall, Crown Hotel, Holy Trinity Church among others.
The Buninyong Botanic Gardens at Buninyong are among the oldest Botanic Gardens in the State of Victoria.
Today.
There are several grand "boom style" homes in and around the town.
The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Central Highlands Football League.
Golfers play at the Buninyong Golf Club on Learmonth Street.
Buninyong Bowling Club is one of the oldest bowling clubs in Australia (est. 1872) and is located in the beautiful township of Buninyong, which lies at the foot of Mt Buninyong, 11k south of Ballarat in Victoria.
The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup. 5 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.
He was formerly Head of Process Computing and Statistics at the British Iron and Steel Research Association, Sheffield, and Professor of Medical Computing and Statistics at Queen's University, Belfast.
Greenfield co-authored "Design and Analyse your Experiments with Minitab" with Andrew Metcalfe and "Engineering Statistics with Matlab".
His inaugural lecture (1980) at Queen's University is still sold as a booklet.
His first book, "Research Methods for Postgraduates" is highly regarded on both sides of the Atlantic and is now in its third edition, published by Wiley.
He has also had a strong hand in "The Pocket Statistician", "Statistical Practice in Business and Industry" and an "Encyclopaedia of Statistics in Quality and Reliability".
Tony was a founding member and Past President of European Network for Business and Industrial Statistics and for many years he was a prominent member of the Royal Statistical Society.
He was the first editor of RSS News and of the ENBIS newsletter and magazine.
In its first ten years, ENBIS grew to a membership base of around 1500 practitioners spread across more than sixty countries.
Tony was a Chartered Statistician (CStat) and a Chartered Scientist (CSci).
Early life.
Tony Greenfield worked in an iron mine when he left Bedford School at the age of 17.
He later worked in coal mines, a brass tube factory, and in a copper mine and studied mining engineering at Imperial College London.
He received the diploma in journalism from the Regent Street Polytechnic, worked on the Sunday Express and Sunday Mirror before turning to technical journalism for ten years.
He was an active member of the Sheffield Junior Chamber of Commerce of which he was chairman of the Business Affairs committee and editor of The Hub, the chamber's monthly magazine.
At the 1963 conference in Tel Aviv of Junior Chamber International he was acknowledged as the editor of the best junior chamber magazine in the world.
He moved into the steel industry to write technical reports for Operations Research (OR) scientists.
There he found satisfaction in solving production problems, studied OR, mathematics, statistics and computing leading to an external degree from University College London.
He moved into steel research and became head of process computing and statistics.
Much of his work was in design and analysis of experiments for which he received his PhD.
When the laboratories closed he joined the medical faculty of University of Sheffield where he was statistician to a multi-centre study of cot death.
He taught medical statistics to undergraduates, supported post graduates and medical staff with consultancy and co-authored one of the first interactive statistics packages to be written on Prime computers.
Career.
Tony moved to Belfast as professor of medical computing and statistics at Queen's University.
Early retirement enabled him to work as a research consultant.
Greenfield's passion was to persuade all scientists and engineers to write, speak and present their work in language that other people understand well enough to use in some ways.
And, like W B Yeats, he asks scientists to "think like a wise man but communicate in the language of the people."
Like Isaac Asimov, he was "on fire to explain," and didn't "indulge in scholarly depth."
He believed strongly that the economic fortune of Europe depends on the success in the world markets of our manufacturing industries.
"Statisticians and statistical practitioners across Europe know that statistical methods have improved business and industrial performance and can continue do so in the future," he says.
""Our national quality of life will be improved and secured if we can communicate the philosophy, as well as the methods, of statistics to engineers and others in the manufacturing and the service industries."
He and others founded ENBIS to stimulate the application of statistical methods to economic and technical development and to business and industry across the whole of Europe.
They have created a networking forum for the exchange of ideas between statistical practitioners.
He has spread this passion by speaking in many cities across Europe from Tel Aviv, through Turin, Budapest, Ljubljana, Copenhagen, Brussels and London.
Personal life.
As for politics, Tony was sent to a public school at the age of 13 and was alienated by the right-wing attitudes of the staff and boys.
This made him a radical for life.
He joined the Liberal Party, eventually becoming a Prospective Parliamentary Candidate (PPC) for Sheffield Hallam, but was faced with ideas with which he didn't agree so he joined the Labour Party (UK) and was active for more than 20 years in the High Peak constituency.
Greenfield died on 19 March 2019 at the age of 87.
He is the author of five novels (including "Absurdistan" and "Super Sad True Love Story") and a memoir.
Much of his work is satirical.
Early life.
He comes from a Jewish family, with an ethnically Russian maternal grandparent, and describes his family as typically Soviet.
When he was five, he wrote a 100-page comic novel.
Shteyngart immigrated to the United States in 1979 and was brought up in Queens, New York, with no television in the apartment in which he lived, where English was not the household language.
He did not shed his thick Russian accent until the age of 14.
He is a graduate of Stuyvesant High School in New York City, and Oberlin College in Ohio, where he earned a degree in politics, in 1995, with a senior thesis on the former Soviet republics of Georgia, Moldova and Tajikistan.
Career.
After Oberlin, he worked a series of jobs, as a writer, for non-profit organizations in New York.
Shteyngart took a trip to Prague in the early 1990s, and this experience helped spawn his first novel, "The Russian Debutante's Handbook", set in the fictitious European city of Prava.
In 1999, as part of the application to Hunter College's MFA program he mailed a portion of his first novel to Chang-Rae Lee, the director of the creative writing program at Hunter College.
Lee helped Shteyngart get his first book deal.
Shteyngart earned an MFA in creative writing at Hunter College of the City University of New York.
Shteyngart had a fellowship at the American Academy in Berlin, Germany, for Fall 2007.
He has taught writing at Hunter College, and currently teaches writing at Columbia University.
Awards.
Shteyngart's work has received numerous awards.
"The Russian Debutante's Handbook" won the Stephen Crane Award for First Fiction, the Book-of-the-Month Club First Fiction Award and the National Jewish Book Award for Fiction.
"Absurdistan" was chosen as one of the ten best books of the year by "The New York Times Book Review" and "Time" magazine, as well as a book of the year by the "Washington Post", "Chicago Tribune", "San Francisco Chronicle" and many other publications.
In June 2010, Shteyngart was named as one of "The New Yorker" magazine's "20 under 40" luminary fiction writers.
"Super Sad True Love Story" won the 2011 Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize for comic literature.
His memoir "Little Failure" was a finalist for the 2014 National Book Critics Circle Award (Autobiography).
Work.
Shteyngart's novels include "The Russian Debutante's Handbook" (2002), and "Absurdistan" (2006).
"Super Sad True Love Story" (2010) was promoted by a film trailer with Paul Giamatti and James Franco.
His 2018 book, "Lake Success" was promoted by a film trailer with Ben Stiller.
His fifth novel, "Our Country Friends," was published by Random House in 2021.
It is a story about friends who spend the pandemic together.
His other writing has appeared in "The New Yorker", "Slate", "Granta", "Travel and Leisure", and "The New York Times".
Blurbs.
Shteyngart has also become known for his prolific blurbing, which has inspired a Tumblr website devoted to his Collected Blurbs, a live reading, and a fifteen-minute documentary narrated by Jonathan Ames.
Personal life.
Shteyngart is married to Esther Won, who is of Korean descent.
They have a son, born October 2013.
Shteyngart now lives in the Gramercy neighborhood of Manhattan.
Records exist of her business off what is now the Royal Mile.
Life.
Ramsay was born in the 1720s and she had five sisters Mary, Christian, Ann and Jean who were all involved in making and selling hats and haberdashery.
Their parents were Katherine (born Kerr) and Gilbert Ramsay.
Gilbert was a solicitor who was a factor managing the estate of John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe.
She and her younger sister were successful shopkeepers.
They had a five room shop on Lyon Close accessible from Edinburgh High Street which is now part of the Royal Mile.
They had assistants and servants including a clerk named James Mushet and Isobel Colvin who worked with them for a decade.
They frequently appear in court records where they are suing for payment.
Katherine and her staff appear as witnesses as their debtors are tried.
Goods were sold and manufactured at their premises which was offered for sale on 20 December 1765.
She and Ann bought land called "Kilnacre" at Restalrig near Edinburgh.
The land was purchased from their sister Christian's husband, James who was a builder.
They had a house built on the land starting in 1769.
This house was called Viewfrith or Viewfirth.
They sold it in 1783 to Capt.
James M'Rae or McRae cousin of the Earl of Glencairn who called it Marionville.
It is unclear where she then worked but she was still in business in 1771 when she and her sister were selling goods to "Clerk of Penicuik".
Death and legacy.
Audrey Chikani-Muhundika (born 30 August 1954) is a Zambian athlete.
"Getting a Drag" was the second single released by Lynsey de Paul.
The song was co-written with David Jordan, and featured the de Paul penned b-side "Brandy".
Released in November 1972 on MAM Records, the single entered the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number 18 and was still in the charts in early 1973.
The single also reached number 46 on the German Singles Chart and had a four week run on the Dutch Single Tip chart where it peaked at number 7.
It reached number 1 on the Israeli Galei Tzahal chart, No. 2 on the Radio Northsea International chart, and No. 12 in January 1973 on the Turkish singles chart as published in Milliyet.
De Paul later said "This was my comment on the times and is about a girl who finds her boyfriend wearing her clothes and is angry, not because he is wearing them, but because he looks better than she does.
It was tongue-in-cheek.
I did it on "Top Of The Pops" when Marc Bolan was on set and was waiting to perform his song immediately afterwards".
The B-side was also covered by Miki Asakura with new lyrics as "Friday Night" on her 1981 album "Sexy Elegance".
In 1994, De Paul released a re-recorded and radically different version of the song on her "Just a Little Time" CD, as well as a remixed club version of the updated song.
De Paul's version was also a prize winning song at the 1973 International Contest of the Tokyo Music Festival in 1973.
Battleship Island is a island just off the northwest tip of Henry Island, in the San Juan Archipelago.
The entire island is a Washington State bird sanctuary.
The Boross government was the second cabinet of Hungary after the fall of Communism.
He was later confirmed in office with a vote of 201 members of parliament over a week later.
The government was defeated in the 1994 Hungarian parliamentary election, and subsequently Boross resigned on 15 July 1994 in favor of Gyula Horn.
Party breakdown.
2004.
Biography.
Jean Lee Latham was born in Buckhannon, West Virginia.
Her father was a cabinetmaker and her mother was a teacher.
She attended West Virginia Wesleyan College and received an A.B. in 1925.
She also attended Ithaca Conservatory.
While in Wesleyan College, she wrote plays.
In Ithaca, she taught English, history and play production.
She continued teaching in Ithaca after finishing her studies at Cornell.
Her first book for children was "The Story of Eli Whitney".
Her book "Carry On, Mr. Bowditch" won the Newbery Medal in 1956.
Campbell Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic African Methodist Episcopal church located at 602 Commerce Street in Glasgow, Howard County, Missouri.
It was built in 1865, and is a small one-story, vernacular brick building with simple Greek Revival style design elements.
The rectangular building measures 32 feet by 52 feet and features a stepped gable and six brick pilasters.
The village was called Payin Rudpass before the immigration of some Sayyid families from Ramsar to the region.
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia alongside presidential elections on 20 September 1992, the first after regaining independence from the Soviet Union.
The newly elected 101 members of the 7th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election.
Following the elections, the five-party Fatherland Bloc led by Mart Laar formed a government together with national-conservative Estonian National Independence Party and centrist Moderates alliance.
Campaign.
Officials also failed to standardize in voting materials and ballot-counting.
The existence of a preliminary two-week voting period also led to concerns about ballot security among officials.
The most difficult aspect of the elections was the matter of citizenship and who was eligible to vote.
In order to be considered a citizen, people had to prove that they, their parents, or their grandparents were citizens of the pre-World War II Republic of Estonia.
This was extremely difficult, as many families had no documentation of their citizenship.
Non-citizens had to have lived in Estonia for two years, passed a test, and waited another year in order to be considered for citizenship.
This made voting nearly impossible for some individuals.
This led to embarrassment on behalf of the officials and frustration by the voters, many of whom never cast their vote because of the hassle of proving citizenship.
Despite these issues, the elections were largely conducted smoothly and cooperatively.
There were concerns about the Russian minority within Estonia as tensions were high due to new definitions of citizenship, but confrontation was avoided.
Ambassadors representing the Russian minority gave statements and held interviews to assure the public that they were open to communication and wished to arrive at a mutually beneficial solution.
Results.
Parties like the Popular Front of Estonia and the Estonian National Independence Party had achieved great success during the Singing Revolution and attempted to capitalize on this success during the elections.
The well-established parties fared poorly, as they were unable to adapt and appeared conservative compared to new parties such as the Estonian Citizen and Fatherland Bloc.
Thagapansamy is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Shivashanmughan and produced by Tiruchi Gopalji.
The film stars Prashanth and Pooja, while Namitha, Karunas and Vincent Asokan played other supporting roles.
Featuring music composed by Srikanth Deva, the film had a delayed release on 28 December 2006 after going through production problems.
The film begins with Kathirvel (Prashanth), a do-gooder going all out to get water for his village.
With monsoon repeatedly failing, his village reels under drought, and he runs from pillar to post to get a well dug in the village.
He manages to bring Shanmugham (Mahadevan), a water-divining expert, to dig a well.
Shanmugham, his wife, and daughter Marikozhundhu (Pooja) come to the village.
Unfortunately, a freak mishap kills Shanmugham, and the villagers' search for water continues.
To eke out their livelihood, all the villagers, led by Kadhirvel, decide to leave the village with a heavy heart to take up employment in a farmhouse in Rajasthan.
Upon reaching the place, they come to know they have been taken as bonded laborers, and there is no way out but to work there tirelessly for the next three years.
They undergo physical and mental torture from the greedy landlord Thakur Dass (Vincent Asokan) aided by his Marwadi sidekick (Pa. Ranjith).
A silver lining in the cloud is Swapna (Namitha), Thakur's sister.
She gets fascinated by Kadhirvel's heroics.
The rest is how Kadhirvel fights for his men, helps them reach their village back without any danger and eventually marries Marikozhundhu.
Production.
The film was launched in July 2005 by Amudha Durairaj and her production house Deivanai Movies, who had previously made "Thamizh" (2002) with Prashanth in the lead role.
The cast and crew were announced at the launch, though the film soon after went through a change of producer with Tiruchi Gopalji taking over.
Meera Jasmine had initially been signed by the production house to play the lead female role but backed out and Pooja was subsequently handed the role.
Director Pa. Ranjith worked as an assistant director in this movie.
Prashanth worked for the film in 2005 simultaneously with several other projects, including ventures such as Venkatesh's "Petrol" and Ramesh Selvan's "Runway", both of which were subsequently shelved.
By October 2005, it was reported that most of the film's shoot was over and that the team had shot scenes across Tiruchi, Karaikudi, Gingee, Thenkasi and Rajasthan.
Cinematographer Sridhar was injured in March 2006 at the shoot of the film, when he fell off a horse he had been sitting on.
One of the songs was shot at Gingee Fort with 80 dancers, 10 elephants and 20 horses.
A website run by Indiaglitz.com was launched for the film in April 2006, coinciding with Prashanth's 33rd birthday.
The team then screened the completed film to then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi, at a special show at Four Frames Studios in June 2006.
Release.
The film was scheduled to release after much delay on 22 December 2006 but was delayed by a day after actors Prashanth and Karunas held up the lab processing due to non-payment of their acting fees.
The producer of the movie, Tiruchi Gopalji was strapped for cash and could not pay the actors.
The film subsequently ran in smaller theatres and then was re-released on 28 December to larger screens, though was only able to have a below average run at the box office.
The film opened to mixed reviews, with a critic from Sify.com noting that the film was "average" and claimed "the film starts on a promising note but the second half peters out into a mass masala.
The decent first half has a good message and looks realistic but slowly down the lane the story loses track.".
Another critic gave the film a "good" verdict, revealing "directors who make their debut always attempt to prove themselves in their very first movie itself so as to stay in the hearts of the audience, and the director of this movie too has tried out something new."
A further reviewer noted "while the first half is realistic and absorbing, the second half is so cinematic, outdated and silly that it completely negates the good things about the first half and then some."
Soundtrack.
The film score and the soundtrack were composed by Srikanth Deva, with eleven songs produced for the album and lyrics written by Shiva Shanmugam.
Saphenista peruviana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.
Perfect Day is a 2005 British television movie, initially broadcast on Five in December 2005.
Centered on a group of university friends who reunite five years later for the wedding of Tom (Tom Goodman-Hill) and Amy (Claire Goose), it tells the story of old loves rekindled, marriages falling apart and the problems of career women finding love.
It also starred Rob James-Collier, Aidan McArdle, Kate Ashfield, Rhashan Stone, Claire Keelan, Bruce Mackinnon and Chris Bisson.
Biography.
Born in Denver, Colorado, Harrah moved and lived in Riverside, California for 15 years and acted for 12 years.
The Vanport Bridge is a four-lane continuous truss bridge that carries Interstate 376 (former Pennsylvania Route 60) across the Ohio River in Beaver County, Pennsylvania.
History and notable features.
As a vital part of the Beaver Valley Expressway it was carrying approximately 30,000 vehicles daily in 1990.
In January 1990, the bridge was closed for three days after corrosion and fourteen cracks in welds were discovered during a routine PennDot inspection.
The cracks ranged in size from seven to thirty-four inches.
Damage was located in the bottom truss plate that held the steel box beam in the central span.
He is best known for his genre works, many of which have women and children for their subjects.
Biography.
His father was a bailiff for the Crown Enforcement Authority.
His talents were noticed by Marcus Larson who offered him space in his studio in 1858.
The studio burnt down, but he was still able to study with Larson then, on that basis, gain admission to the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts, where he studied from 1860 to 1866, with an emphasis on woodcutting.
After graduating, he was employed as a cartoonist by the "".
Thanks to financial support from Count , he was able to study in Germany. he was a student of Ludwig Knaus in Berlin.
In 1870, he worked as an artist in Munich, then moved to Leipzig, where he worked for the "Illustrirte Zeitung".
In 1876, they moved to Berlin, where he studied with the famous portrait and genre painter, Ludwig Knaus.
While there, he continued his work as an illustrator, for several publications, including "Die Gartenlaube".
He and Johanna returned to Sweden in 1885, with their seven children, and settled into a home he had designed himself, on the shores of Lake Sommen.
Although he held no official position, the locals called him "Professor".
He travelled constantly, however, arranging exhibitions.
During his absences, Johanna gave music lessons to the children.
Five of them became known as the Ekwallska Kvintetten and toured throughout the area.
In 1890, they had another daughter, , who became a sculptor.
In 1912, his home at Lake Sommen burned down.
Most of his work and personal papers were lost.
He had been lying in his bedroom, ill, for some time, but was rescued and taken to the nearby .
A few weeks later, he died there.
His works may be seen at the Nationalmuseum and the Nordiska museet.
Paphiopedilum godefroyae is a species of orchid endemic to peninsular Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia.
This species is found just above sea level on limestone cliffs.
Benny Whitehouse was a 35 year old Irishman who was shot dead in Balbriggan as part of a suspected criminal feud.
Whitehouse and his partner had dropped their children off at school when their car, parked on Clonard Street, was approached by a gunman who shot Whitehouse dead and injured his partner.
Investigation.
A couple was arrested in May 2015 and questioned about the shooting.
Links to other crimes.
Prostitution in Bolivia is legal and regulated.
It is only permitted by registered prostitutes in licensed brothels.
Prostitutes must register and must undergo regular health checks for sexually transmitted diseases (every 20 days).
The police are allowed to check whether the prostitutes are registered or not, and have attended a clinic during the previous 20 days.
In 2016 UNAIDS estimated there were 30,523 prostitutes in Bolivia.
Societal views.
Although prostitution is widespread in Bolivia, the prostitutes are severely stigmatized by society, they are blamed for everything from broken homes to the rising HIV-infection rate.
"We are Bolivia's unloved," said Yuly Perez, vice-president of , the Bolivian sex workers' union, "If we don't work, who's going to feed our kids?"
In fact, we want the opposite.
Our ideal world is one free of the economic desperation that forces women into this business."
Child prostitution.
In Bolivia, the average age of entry into prostitution is 16.
Child prostitution is a serious problem, particularly in urban areas and in the Chapare region.
Most children forced into prostitution come from the lower social classes and from broken families.
As a result, many remain in the sex trade throughout adulthood, despite wanting to exit.
Approximately one third of girls and adolescents in prostitution have between one and five children, mostly under the age of 5.
Most child prostitutes work on the streets, inside brothels or inside bars and clubs.
There are different types of child prostitution, varying with the economic power of the client and the age of the child.
Many of these youth come from Eastern Bolivia and from outside of the country.
This type of prostitution is organised by closed networks, and is subject to very few controls.
In some cases, the sexual contact between these adolescents and their clients takes place at the client's house.
Adolescents from all parts of the country prostitute themselves in local bars or pubs, mainly for middle-class clients.
Street prostitution involves women and girls of all ages who typically enter the trade when they are between the ages of 12 and 15 years.
During the day, these children stay in the street often working as street vendors, domestic servants or waitresses.
At night they go to dance clubs or sell alcohol in the street.
Clients of this type of prostitution are generally adults or adolescents with little money.
The problem of child prostitution is exacerbated by poorly enforced laws and by rare and ineffective police raids.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the NGOs Save the Children and Pro-Adolescente conducted public awareness campaigns on the trafficking of children.
La Paz Department and the La Paz city government each operate a shelter for abused and exploited children.
Sex trafficking.
Economic and social problems create a climate which is favorable to human trafficking.
Faced with extreme poverty, many citizens become economic migrants, and some are victimized by traffickers and forced into prostitution, both inside and outside Bolivia.
The country is also a source for victims trafficked for sexual exploitation to Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Spain, and the United States.
Weak controls along the borders exacerbate this problem.
The Christian Hymnary is a hymnbook used by Mennonites and other Anabaptist groups.
It was compiled by John J. Overholt, and published in 1972.
Featured in this hymnbook is a compilation of over 1000 hymns, including classic hymns, Martyr Songs from the Ausbund, Evangelistic and Gospel Songs and tunes from the Harmonia Sacra.
Adalbus crassicornis is a species of longhorn beetle in the Cerambycinae subfamily, and the only species in the genus Adalbus.
It was described by Fairmaire and Germain in 1859.
It is known from Chile and western Argentina.
Its host plants are "Nothofagus pumilio", "Nothofagus dombeyi", "Nothofagus antarctica", and "Nothofagus alpina".
External links.
These are the late night schedules for the four United States broadcast networks that offer programming during this time period, from September 1997 to August 1998.
All times are Eastern or Pacific.
Affiliates will fill non-network schedule with local, syndicated, or paid programming.
Affiliates also have the option to preempt or delay network programming at their discretion.
By network.
ABC.
Alicia Keys is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, and music producer.
She was signed to Columbia Records at 15 years old, later leaving Columbia to sign with Arista Records and then J Records.
Her debut album, "Songs in A Minor", was released on June 5, 2001.
Keys' second album, "The Diary of Alicia Keys", was released on December 2, 2003.
In 2006, Keys received 12 nominations and won 3, including Outstanding Female Artist, Outstanding song and Outstanding Music Video for "Unbreakable" at the NAACP Image Awards.
American Music Awards.
The American Music Awards are held annually to award the outstanding achievements of American artists in the record industry.
Keys has won five awards from sixteen nominations.
ASCAP Awards.
The ASCAP Awards are held annually by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.
ASCAP Pop Awards.
The ASCAP Pop Music Awards honors the songwriters and publishers of the most performed pop songs.
Keys has won four awards.
Keys has won eight awards, including one special award.
BCG Awards.
Keys has received four nominations.
BEFFTA Awards.
The Black Entertainment, Film, Fashion, Television and Arts (BEFFTA) Awards celebrate and reward the achievements of the known and unknown black personalities within entertainment, film, fashion, television and arts.
Keys has received three nominations.
Billboard Awards.
Billboard Music Awards.
The "Billboard" Music Awards are held to honor artists for commercial performance in the United States based on record charts published by "Billboard".
Keys has won nine awards from twenty-seven nominations.
Billboard Latin Music Awards.
The Billboard Latin Music Awards reflect the performance of recordings on the Hot Latin Songs.
Keys has been nominated three times and has won one award.
Keys has won six awards.
BET.
BET Awards.
The BET Awards annually celebrate African Americans and other minorities in music, acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment.
Keys has won seven awards from fifteen nominations.
BETJ Virtual Awards.
The BETJ Virtual Awards is an annual awards ceremony to recognize jazz musicians.
Keys has won one award from three nominations.
BET Hip Hop Awards.
The BET Hip Hop Awards is an award show celebrating hip-hop performers, producers and music video directors.
Keys has won two awards.
BET Honors.
BET Honors is an award show, which celebrates the lives and achievements of African American luminaries.
Keys has won one award.
BET Pre-Awards.
The BET Pre-Awards celebrate African Americans and other minorities in music, acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment.
These annually presented awards are presented before the BET Awards and broadcast live on BET.
Keys has won two awards.
Black Girls Rock!
Black Girls Rock! is an award show, which honors and empowers women of color around the world in many different fields.
Keys has received one award.
Black Reel Awards.
The Black Reel Awards annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature, independent and television films.
Keys has received four nominations.
BT Digital Music Awards.
The BT Digital Music Awards are held annually in the United Kingdom.
Keys has received one nomination.
BRAVO OTTO Awards (Hungary).
Keys has received one nomination.
Brit Awards.
The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards.
Keys has been nominated ten times.
Capital FM Awards.
The Capital FM Awards is an awards show in the United Kingdom held by the radio station Capital that recognizes music releases from local and international artists.
Keys has received one nomination.
Celebs Gone Good Awards.
Keys has received two nominations.
CMT Music Awards.
The CMT Music Awards is an annual ceremony dedicated exclusively to honor country music videos.
Keys has received one nomination.
Critics' Choice Movie Awards.
The Critics' Choice Movie Awards are bestowed annually by the Broadcast Film Critics Association to honor the finest in cinematic achievement.
Keys has received one nomination.
Directors Guild of America Awards.
The Directors Guild of America Awards are issued annually by the Directors Guild of America.
Keys has been nominated once.
DVF Awards.
The DVF Awards are held to recognize and support women who are using their resources, commitment and visibility to transform the lives of other women.
Keys has received one award.
ECHO Awards.
The ECHO Awards are an annual German music award ceremony that recognizes outstanding achievement in the music industry.
Keys has won one award from two nominations.
Edison Awards.
The Edison Music Award is an annual Dutch music prize, awarded for outstanding achievements in the music industry.
Keys has won one award from six nominations.
Essence Awards.
The Essence Awards celebrate the achievements of prominent African Americans.
Keys has received one award.
EMMA Awards.
Fonogram Awards is the national music awards of Hungary, held every year since 1992 and promoted by Mahasz.
!Ref.
Grammy Awards.
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.
Keys has won fifteen awards from twenty-nine nominations, including Album of the Year, Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best New Artist, she won the last two.
Guinness World Records.
The Guinness World Records is a reference book published annually, listing world records and national records, both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world.
Hungarian Music Awards.
The Hungarian Music Awards are handed out annually by the Hungarian Recording Industry Association.
Keys has received two nominations.
IFPI Hong Kong Top Sales Music Awards.
The IFPIHKG Awards are held annually in Hong Kong to honor every year's best-selling artists.
Keys has received one award.
International Dance Music Awards.
The International Dance Music Awards recognizes achievements in the electronic dance music industry.
Keys has received three nominations.
Italian Music Awards.
The Italian Music Awards are held to recognize the achievements in the Italian music industry both by domestic and international artists.
Keys has been nominated twice.
Kora Awards.
The Kora Awards are music awards given annually for musical achievement in sub-Saharan Africa.
Keys has won two awards.
Keys has received one nomination.
Meteor Music Awards.
The Meteor Music Awards are the national music awards of Ireland, established by mobile telecommunications company Meteor.
Keys has received one nomination.
MOBO Awards.
The MOBO Awards are held annually in the United Kingdom to recognize artists of any race or nationality performing music of black origin.
Keys has won one award from ten nominations.
MP3 Music Awards.
The MP3 Music Awards are held to honour the most popular artists and the best mp3 players and mp3 retailers.
Keys has been nominated three times.
MTV Awards.
MTV Africa Music Awards.
The MTV Africa Music Awards, established in 2008, are an annual awards ceremony celebrate the most popular music in Africa.
Keys has won one award.
MTV Asia Awards.
The MTV Asia Awards was annual Asian awards ceremony established by the MTV television network.
Keys has received two nominations.
MTV Europe Music Awards.
The MTV Europe Music Awards is an event presented by MTV Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers.
Keys has won three awards from ten nominations.
MTV Video Music Awards.
The MTV Video Music Awards were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year.
Keys has won four awards from twelve nominations.
MTV Video Music Awards Japan.
The MTV Video Music Awards Japan is the Japanese version of the MTV Video Music Awards.
Keys has received fourteen nominations.
MTV Video Play Awards.
MTV Video Play Awards are held to celebrate the most played music videos across the global MTV network.
Keys has received two awards. mtvU Woodie Awards.
The mtvU Woodie Awards is an award show that recognizes music and artists voted best by college students.
Keys has received four nominations.
MuchMusic Video Awards.
The MuchMusic Video Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the Canadian music video channel MuchMusic.
Keys has been nominated twice.
My VH1 Music Awards.
The My VH1 Music Awards was an annual music award ceremony held by American television network VH1.
Keys has won two award from five nominations.
NAACP Image Awards.
The NAACP Image Awards is an award presented annually by the American National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to honor outstanding people of color in film, television, music and literature.
Keys has won seventeen awards from thirty-eight nominations.
New York Music Awards.
Keys has received two awards.
News and Documentary Emmy Awards.
The News and Documentary Emmy Awards are part of the extensive range of Emmy Awards for artistic and technical merit for the American television industry.
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards.
The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards is an annual awards showthat honors the year's biggest television, movie, and music acts, as voted by Nickelodeon viewers.
Keys has been nominated five times.
NME Awards.
The NME Awards is a music awards show hosted by music magazine "NME".
Keys has been nominated once.
NRJ Music Awards.
A major Award Ceremony that takes place in cannes, France.
O Music Awards.
The O Music Awards is an awards show presented by Viacom to honor music, technology and intersection between the two.
Keys has received one nomination.
People's Choice Awards.
The People's Choice Awards is an annual awards show recognizing the people and the work of popular culture.
Keys has won two awards from nine nominations.
Pop Awards.
The Pop Awards are presented annually by Pop Magazine.
Alicia Keys has one win from two nominations.
Premios 40 Principales Music Awards.
Premios 40 Principales is an annual Spanish award show by the musical radio station Los 40 Principales.
Keys has won one award.
Premio Lo Nuestro.
Premios Lo Nuestro is an awards show honoring the best of Latin music, presented by television network Univision.
Keys has been nominated once.
Premios Ondas.
Premios Ondas are given to recognize professionals in the fields of radio and television broadcasting, the cinema, and the music industry.
Keys has won two awards.
Premios Oye!
Premios Oye!
Keys has received four nominations.
Primetime Emmy Awards.
Producers Guild of America Awards.
The Producers Guild of America's "Digital 25" awards program recognizes individuals or teams who have made exceptional contributions to the advancement of digital entertainment and storytelling.
Keys has won one award.
Record of the Year.
The Record of the Year is an award voted by the UK public.
Keys has been nominated once.
RTHK International Pop Poll Awards.
The RTHK International Pop Poll Awards is an annual award show in Hong Kong that honors the best in international and national music.
Keys has won two awards.
Satellite Awards.
The Satellite Awards are an annual award given by the International Press Academy.
Keys has won one award.
Songwriter's Hall of Fame Awards.
The Songwriter's Hall of Fame Awards celebrates established songwriters.
Keys has received one award.
Soul Train Awards.
Soul Train Music Awards.
The Soul Train Music Awards is an annual award show that honors the best in African American music and entertainment.
Keys has won nine awards from eighteen nominations.
Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards.
The Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards is an awards show that honors the accomplishments of women in the music industry.
Keys has won two awards from seven nominations.
Source Hip-Hop Music Awards.
Source Hip-Hop Music Awards are presented by the hip hop magazine "The Source".
Keys has won one award.
Swiss Music Awards.
The Swiss Music Awards is an award show that honors national and international musicians.
Keys has won one award.
TEC Awards.
The TEC Awards is an annual award show recognizing the achievements of audio professionals.
Keys has been nominated five times.
Teen Choice Awards.
The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company.
Keys has been nominated eleven times.
TMF Awards (Netherlands).
Keys has won one award.
TRL Awards.
The TRL Awards are presented by MTV Italy to celebrate the most popular artists and music videos in Italy.
Keys has received one nomination.
Vibe Awards.
Keys has won two awards from four nominations.
VIVA Comet Awards.
The VIVA Comet Awards is a German pop music award ceremony, presented by the television channel VIVA.
Keys has been nominated once.
Webby Awards.
The Webby Awards is an annual award show for excellence on the Internet presented by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences.
Woodie King Jr.'s New Federal Theatre Award.
In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the Woodie King Jr.'s New Federal Theatre, special awards were given to people who have changed the cultural life of the United States.
Alicia Keys was one of the recipients.
World Music Awards.
The World Music Awards is an international awards show that annually honors musicians based on their worldwide sales figures, which are provided by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.
Ehrlich was ranked world No. 6 in 1938 by Hon.
Ivor Montagu and world No. 9 in 1950.
Early years.
Ehrlich was born in 1914 in the village of Bukowsko in southern Poland (then part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, a component kingdom of Austria-Hungary).
Some time later (exact year is unknown), he settled in Lwow and started playing table tennis, most probably in the mid-1920s, in the local Jewish sports club Hasmonea Lwow.
Together with Hasmonea, he won first team championships of Poland (Lwow, 1933), and became the top player of the country.
The same team, Erlich and Loewenherz with the addition of Simon Pohoryles, represented Poland in 1935 at the Swaithling Cup competition in London where they achieved second ranking in A Group.
In the same year, Erlich reached the semifinals of the World Championships, and in 1935 he won bronze in the same competition.
Three times - 1936, 1937 and 1939, Ehrlich was vice-champion of the world, and he is among only four players who played in three finals without winning (together with Hungarian Laszlo Bellak Chinese Li Furong and Chinese Ma Lin ) In 1936 in Prague, he lost to Stanislav Kolar from Czechoslovakia.
In 1937 in Baden, he lost to Austrian player Richard Bergmann, and two years later in Cairo, he lost to Bergmann again.
In the early 1930s, Ehrlich, who spoke eight languages, moved to France, but remained loyal to Poland and represented his native land in subsequent tournaments.
Record-breaking exchange.
During the 1936 World Table Tennis Championships, which took place in Prague, Ehrlich became famous after a record-breaking one-point exchange with Romanian player Paneth Farkas.
Both players suffered, but neither wanted to give up.
Altogether, the ball crossed the net more than 12,000 times.
After two hours, Farkas' arm began to freeze, and he lost the first point.
World War II and late years.
During World War II, Ehrlich was caught by the Germans and was sent to Auschwitz.
He spent four years there and later at Dachau, and was saved from the gas chamber because the Nazis recognised him as a world champion.
After the war, he settled in Paris, where for some time he lived in a tenement building, on the seventh floor.
Ehrlich continued playing tennis, with several achievements.
However, he did not represent Poland any more, because living in the West led to his being named "persona non grata" by the Communist government.
Between 1952 and 1963, he was a member of the French national team, reaching the quarterfinals of the 1957 World Championships.
Also, in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Ehrlich many times was international champion of such countries as Ireland, France, Germany and the Netherlands.
In the Irish Open he beat Johnny Leach in straight sets, shortly after Leach had won his first World Singles Title.
For the previous 6 weeks, Erlich had been coaching Irish players, from beginners to the National Team, and must have been sorely out of top class practice.
After coaching sessions, for practice, he would play his unofficial assistant Zerrick Woolfson of Dublin, giving him 12 points start.
He told Woolfson that he gave the National Team members 10 points.
His victory over Leach was highly gratifying to him, since he had not been able to get sponsorship from any country, and was therefore not allowed to partake in the World Championships.
He was about 35 years old at this time, and considered long past his best.
During this period he was also developing a sports business partnership with French Champion Amouretti.
Furthermore, Ehrlich was the one who introduced military fitness drills, based on backward hops down long staircases.
In the French Riviera, he opened a holiday center with table tennis training facilities.
Jimmy Bosch (born 18 October 1959), also known as "El Trombon Criollo", is a jazz and Salsa Music trombonist composer and bandleader of Puerto Rican descent born in Jersey City, New Jersey.
He was raised in Hoboken, NJ and graduated from Hoboken High School in 1975.
Early career.
Having performed since age eleven, by age thirteen he was playing in several local Latin music bands, "La Caliente", "Arco Iris", "La Sonica."
While at Rutgers University studying classical music at age eighteen he left college in his second year when he met Manny Oquendo and joined his band.
Later career.
He worked with Manny Oquendo on and off for over 20 years.
Jimmy worked with Ray Barretto from the early 1980s to early 1990s.
In 1996 he founded his own band "La Orquesta Jimmy Bosch", and has recorded four albums as a solo artist.
Jimmy began working with Israel Cachao in 1987, recorded and toured with Cachao also for over 20 years.
Jimmy continues to tour as a solo artist and band leader imparting his years of experience with musicians all over the world.
Dalseong Ha clan () is one of the Korean clans.
Their Bon-gwan is in Dalseong County, Daegu.
The population was 4052.
It is the main highway that services the East Cape of New Zealand as well as many other rural towns such as Hicks Bay, Ruatoria, Tolaga Bay, and the city of Gisborne.
SH 35 is the longest two-digit state highway at , longer than three single-digit highways (, and ).
It is part of the Pacific Coast Highway.
Route description.
The road then begins its long route around the coast.
SH 35 continues on, past Ruatoria and then Tolaga Bay, home to New Zealand's longest wharf.
SH 35 turns left onto Customhouse Street and then right onto Awapuni Road, the last stretch of road, before meeting back at SH 2 where it terminates.
History.
There have been two notable changes to SH 35.
It used to run through Wainui Beach before the construction of the bypass in 1990, and it used to run along Gladstone Road, Gisborne's main street.
Ropa (, "Ropa") is a village in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.
It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ropa.
The village has a population of 3,700.
Hurricane Erika was a weak hurricane that struck extreme northeastern Mexico near the Texas-Tamaulipas border in mid-August of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season.
Erika was the eighth tropical cyclone, fifth tropical storm, and third hurricane of the season.
At first, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) operationally did not designate it as a hurricane because initial data suggested winds of at Erika's peak intensity.
The storm developed from a non-tropical area of low pressure that was tracked for five days before developing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on August 14.
Under the influence of a high pressure system, Erika moved quickly westward and strengthened under favorable conditions.
It made landfall as a hurricane on northeastern Mexico on August 16, and the storm's low-level circulation center dissipated by the next day.
However, the storm's mid-level circulation persisted for another three days, emerging into the East Pacific and moving northwestward over Baja California, before dissipating on August 20.
While Erika's precursor disturbance was moving across Florida, it dropped heavy rainfall.
In south Texas, Erika produced moderate winds of along with light rain, causing minor and isolated wind damage in the state.
In northeastern Mexico, Erika produced moderate amounts of rainfall, resulting in mudslides and flooding.
There, two people were killed when their vehicle was swept away by floodwaters.
Meteorological history.
It moved southwestward, and on August 9, it generated convection as it passed beneath a cold-core upper-level low.
The surface low and the upper-level low turned westward as it revolved around a common center, and by August 11, the surface low developed into a trough while south of Bermuda.
As the system rapidly continued westward, much of the convection remained near the center of the upper-level low, preventing development of a closed surface circulation.
On August 13, while located near the northwestern Bahamas, a substantial increase in convection resulted in the upper-level low building downwards to the middle levels of the troposphere, coinciding with the development of an upper level anticyclone.
A closed low-level circulation nearly developed on August 14 to the east of Key Largo, Florida, but it weakened due to the deep convection remaining to the north over the mid-level center.
The mid-level storm continued westward and moved across Florida.
After crossing Florida, Hurricane Hunters indicated a poorly defined circulation, but with winds exceeding tropical storm strength, and the system was designated as Tropical Storm "Erika" late on August 14 while located west of Fort Myers.
With well-established outflow and low levels of wind shear, Erika strengthened as the circulation became better defined.
A high pressure system persisted over the south-central United States, forcing the storm to move just south of due west at .
On August 15, convection organized into bands, and as its winds approached hurricane strength, an eye developed within the storm.
The storm rapidly weakened over the mountainous Sierra Madre Oriental, and Erika's low-level circulation center dissipated early on August 17.
The mid-level circulation maintained integrity as it crossed Mexico, and led to the formation of a tropical disturbance after entering the Gulf of California on August 18.
It turned to the northwest and weakened on August 20, before dissipating soon afterward.
Operationally, Erika was never upgraded to hurricane status.
However, based on a persistent eye feature on radar and Doppler weather radar-estimated surface winds of , the National Hurricane Center posthumously upgraded Erika to a hurricane.
Preparations.
The lack of production led to a loss of production of of oil per day and of natural gas per day.
However, due to its rapid motion, the passage of the storm resulted in minimal effects on operations.
While the storm was located in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on August 15, the National Hurricane Center issued a Hurricane Watch and Tropical Storm Warning from Brownsville to Baffin Bay, Texas.
The center also recommended a Hurricane Watch spanning from Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas to the international border.
Late that same day, when strengthening was underway, a Hurricane Warning was either issued or recommended from La Pesca, Mexico to Baffin Bay, Texas, though the warnings for south Texas were dropped when a more southward motion occurred.
Just one month after Hurricane Claudette caused millions in damage in south Texas, the fast movement of Erika caught citizens by surprise as it was forecast to make landfall near Brownsville.
Citizens and business owners boarded up for the storm.
About 10,000 were evacuated from northeastern Mexico due to the threat for flooding, including 2,000 in Matamoros.
Impact.
The precursor disturbance was expected to bring heavy, yet needed rainfall to the Bahamas.
The precursor disturbance dropped heavy precipitation while moving across Florida, including in Indian River County, and also produced waves with moderate wind gusts.
Erika produced light rainfall across southern Texas, peaking at in Sabinal, though most locations reported less than of precipitation.
In addition, weather radar estimated isolated accumulations of of precipitation in Kenedy and Brooks Counties.
Sustained winds from Erika in south Texas peaked at in Brownsville, where a gust of was also recorded.
Strong waves were reported northwards to Corpus Christi.
The storm caused minor flooding and beach erosion along South Padre Island.
Strong wind gusts of up to caused isolated, minor wind damage in south Texas, including in South Padre Island, where the winds damaged the roof of a business.
The winds also uprooted a large tree and caused limb damage to several small- to medium-sized trees in Brownsville.
Rainfall peaked at in Magueyes in Tamaulipas.
Sustained winds peaked at in San Fernando, where a gust of was also reported.
The heavy rainfall resulted in severe flooding and mudslides, blocking several highways in northeastern Mexico.
In Matamoros, the storm damaged roofs and cars.
Moderate winds snapped tree branches and spread debris across roads, though locals considered the storm minor.
Kovoor Town is a suburb of Kozhikode city on the eastern side.
The Kovoor Walk.
On both sides of the national highway in Kovoor Town you can find green paddy fields filled with coconut gardens on the fringes.
There is a footpath from Kovoor Town to Iringadanpalli village which takes your further to the Vellimadukunnu Hills on the Wayanad Road.
This walk can be extended up to the Poolakkadavu river and the little foot bridge leading to Parambil Bazar town.
Palazhi Road.
The MLA Road from Kovoor Town connects to Palazhi or Milky ocean village.
There is a famous Vishnu temple on the beginning of this road.
The NTMC Road, Amat Road, AKVK Colony and GKN Road originate from this road.
Residential pockets like Nellippathazham, Payyadi Meethal, Ummalathoor and Patheer Madam are in this route.
The road ends in Palazhy Junction which is on the bypass road with Hilite Mall on the other side of the road.
Chevayur Township.
Chevayur is a suburban town of Kozhikode city in India.
Chevayur is near other important residential locations like Chevarambalam, Kovoor Town and Thondayad Junction.
On the southern side, Chevayur is connected by SBI Colony Road and Gas Godown Road to Palazhi and Nellikkunnu areas.
On the northern side, Chevarambalam road and Iringadanpalli Road connects Chevayur with Vellimadukunnu area on the Wayanad road.
Lincosamides are a class of antibiotics, which include lincomycin, clindamycin, and pirlimycin.
Structure.
Lincosamides consist of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyranose moiety (methylthio-lincosamide) via an amide bond.
Hydrolysis of lincosamides, specifically lincomycin, splits the molecule into its building blocks of the sugar and proline moieties.
Both of these derivatives can conversely be recombined into the drug itself or a derivative.
Synthesis.
Biosynthesis of lincosamides occurs through a biphasic pathway, in which propylproline and methylthiolincosamide are independently synthesized immediately before condensation of the two precursor molecules.
Condensation of the propylproline carboxyl group with the methylthiolincosamide amine group via an amide bond forms "N"-demethyllincomycin.
Clindamycin is derived via (7"S")-chloro-substitution of the (7"R")-hydroxyl group of lincomycin.
Lincomycin is primarily isolated from fermentations of "Streptomyces lincolnensis," while clindamycin is prepared semi-synthetically.
While several hundred synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives of lincosamides have been prepared, only lincomycin A and clindamycin are used in clinical practice due to issues with toxicity and low biological activity in other lincosamide antibiotics.
Mechanism of action.
Lincosamides prevent bacterial replication in a bacteriostatic mechanism by interfering with the synthesis of proteins.
In a mechanism similar to macrolides and streptogramin B, lincosamides bind close to the peptidyl transferase center on the 23S portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.
Under the influence of high resolution X-ray, structures of clindamycin and ribosomal subunits from bacterium have previously revealed exclusive binding to the 23S segment of the peptidyl transferase cavity.
Binding is mediated by the mycarose sugar moiety which has partially overlapping substrates with peptidyl transferase.
By extending to the peptidyl transferase center, lincosamides cause the premature dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA's containing two, three or four amino acid residues.
In this case, peptides will grow to a certain point until steric hindrance inhibits peptidyl transferase activity.
Lincosamides do not interfere with protein synthesis in human cells (or those of other eukaryotes) due to structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.
Lincosamides are used against Gram-positive bacteria since they are unable to pass through the porins of Gram-negative bacteria.
Resistance.
Ribosomal methylation.
Soon after the emergence of clinical lincosamide use in 1953, strains of resistant staphylococci were isolated in several countries including France, Japan and the United States.
Resistant strains were characterized by expression of methyltransferases which dimethylate residues within the 23S subunit of ribosomal RNA, preventing binding of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B.
The gene family responsible for encoding of these methyltransferases is referred to as the "erm" family, or erythromycin ribosome methylase family of genes.
Nearly 40 "erm" genes have been reported to date, which are transferred primarily through plasmids and transposons.
Target mutation.
Several strains of bacteria which are highly resistant to macrolide treatment have been isolated and found to possess mutations at the transferase binding pocket in the 23S ribosomal subunit.
Macrolide-resistant "Streptococcus pneumoniae "isolated from hospital patients in Eastern Europe and North America were found to contain mutations in either 23S or other ribosomal protein genes.
Antibiotic efflux.
Gram-negative bacteria harbor genes encoding for molecular pumps which can contribute to resistance of hydrophobic compounds like macrolides and lincosamides.
Out of the many families of multidrug resistance pumps, lincosamides are most commonly shunted through pumps belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily.
Staphylococci express efflux pumps with specificity for 14 and 15 member ring macrolides and streptogramin B, but not lincosamide molecules.
Drug modification.
Clinical isolates of "S. aureus" harboring genes which encode for lincosamide nucleotransferases have been reported.
Genes lnuA and lnuB confer resistance to lincomycin, but not clindamycin.
These genes, however, limit the bacteriostatic activity of clindamycin.
This type of resistance is rare in "S. aureus", but has been reported to be more prevalent in other bacteria strains.
Pharmacokinetics.
Lincosamides have a broad distribution in several tissues, excluding cerebrospinal fluid.
When administered intramuscularly to rats, lincomycin was found to accumulate in highest concentrations in the kidneys when compared to other tissues, while clindamycin was found in highest concentrations within the lungs.
Clindamycin accumulates in macrophages and other white blood cells, which can result in concentrations 50 times higher than plasma levels.
Clinical use.
Lincosamides are often used clinically as an alternative antibiotic for patients who are allergic to penicillin.
Of the lincosamides, clindamycin is most commonly used within the clinic due to its higher bioavailability, higher oral absorption and efficacy within the target organism spectrum.
Lincosamides are generally the first-choice use antibiotic class in veterinary microbiology, most commonly used to combat skin infections.
Potential clinical uses for lincosamide antibiotics in humans are numerous.
They are efficacious in the treatment of dental infections, abdominal infections, abscesses, pelvic inflammatory disease and anaerobic infections.
Clindamycin alone has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of acne, toxic shock syndrome and malaria, and to decrease the risk of premature births in women with bacterial vaginosis.
Lincosamide antibiotics may also be useful in the treatment of methicillin-resistant "S. aureus".
Toxicity and interactions.
While there have been no reports of severe organ toxicity from lincosamide treatment, gastrointestinal disturbances have been associated with their administration.
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis resulting from clindamycin-induced disruption of gastrointestinal flora can be a lethal adverse event observed in several species when used in the veterinary clinic, particularly in horses.
At extremely high doses of clindamycin, skeletal muscle paralysis has been demonstrated in several species.
Lincosamides can interact with anesthetic agents to produce neuromuscular effects.
Other adverse reactions include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and rash.
Topical administration of clindamycin may induce contact dermatitis, dryness, burning, itching, scaliness and peeling of the skin.
History.
The point is named after the Bulgarian geographer, mountaineer and publicist Pavel Deliradev (1879-1957).
Location.
William T. Elias, Jr. is an American football coach.
He is currently the assistant head coach, linebackers coach and recruiting coordinator at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, a position he has held since the 2009 season.
Elias served as the athletic director at Gannon for three years before taking his current position at Miami.
Contents.
It gives aggadic explanations not only of the words which are written defective or plene, as the title of the work implies, but also of a great number of those which are not read as they are written (comp. on the "ketib" in Wertheimer's ed., Nos. 12 on a word which is read without being written).
There are likewise notes on names and words which are read differently in different places (e.g., in Nos. 108), on the peculiar writing of certain words (e.g., No.
112-114).
The midrash may be termed, therefore, a Masoretic one, although it frequently deviates from the Masorah.
The aggadic interpretations are mostly derived from scattered passages in the Talmud and midrashim, while the arrangement is capricious, the individual words being arranged neither according to the alphabet nor the sequence of Biblical books.
In the different manuscripts and editions of it this midrash varies considerably, not only in the number and arrangement of the passages which it discusses, but also in the wording of individual interpretations.
It is cited under its present title in the Tosafot, in the Sefer Mitzvot Gadol by Moses of Coucy, and by Asher ben Jehiel.
It is called "Midrash Haserot ve-Yeterot" by Solomon Norzi.
A brief extract from this work enumerating the words to be written "defective" or "plene," but omitting the reason therefor, is contained in "Mahzor Vitry".
The work has been edited most completely by Wertheimer (Jerusalem, 1899).
Related works.
As such, it was a very similar weapon, having been lengthened by five calibers to allow for improved muzzle velocity, range, and penetrating power.
Designed to the specifications of the Bureau of Ordnance, the Mark 7 was constructed at the U.S.
Naval Gun Factory in Washington, D.C.
The Mark 7 weighed with the breech and was capable of firing two to three times a minute.
With an initial muzzle velocity of , the gun had a barrel life of 200 rounds, and was capable of firing either armor piercing or Common projectiles.
As designed, the Mark 7 was capable of penetrating of Harvey plated side armor at , at , and at .
Bethlehem Steel built the first gun, No.
180.
Mod 0, Nos.
The gun was constructed with nickel-steel and hooped to the muzzle.
Mod 1 was gun No. 180, rebuilt into gun No.
180L, with its chase hoops rebuilt along with a new conical nickel-steel liner, a smaller chamber, and the rifling increased.
Mod 2, gun Nos.
This brought the weight up to , with the breech.
It also had a -smaller chamber.
The Mod 3 guns, Nos.
These guns were built with a new simplified design, no liner, five hoops, a locking ring, along with a screw-box liner and a different gas check seat.
With the Mod 5 an attempt was made to reline a Mod 1 with a uniform twist rifling, but it was dropped.
Mod 6 relined Mod 2 with a uniform twist rifling along with a modified new chase hoop and locking ring.
Mod 7 took the Mod 3 and used a one-step conical liner, uniform twist rifling, and added a tube and liner locking ring.
Mod 8 was the Mod 0 or Mod 4 also using a one-step conical liner, uniform twist rifling that was secured by a tube and liner locking ring with a liner locking collar at the breech end.
The Mod 8s that used Mod 0 guns also added a new chase hoop and locking ring.
Mod 9 was a Mod 2 or Mod 6 that had a new liner with longitudinal clearances at the liner shoulders installed, uniform twist rifling along with a tube and liner locking ring and collar added at the breech end.
Mod 10, like the Mod 9, was also a Mod 2 or Mod 6 that had a new liner with longitudinal clearance at the liner shoulders installed, uniform twist rifling along with a tube and liner locking ring and collar added at the breech end.
The Mod 10 used Breech Mechanism Mark 9 instead of the Mark 8 on the previous Mods.
He spent most of his life as Friedrich Julius Hassel, but was raised to the Nobility by the emperor in 1887.
His grandson, Kai-Uwe von Hassel, served as the West German Minister of Defence between 1963 and 1966.
Provenance.
Friedrich Julius Hassel was born in Hamm, a flourishing town in the western part of Prussia, with strong mining and manufacturing sectors.
Friedrich Julius was the son of the lawyer Heinrich Wilhelm Hassel and his wife, Marianne Friederike (born Marianne Friederike von Rappard).
Heinrich Wilhelm Hassel was a at the .
Military career.
Hassel attended the , passing his school final exams in 1853.
In October of that same year he joined the Second Battalion of the of the Prussian army as a musketeer.
The battalion was based at this time at Wesel, a garrison town near the western edge of Prussia's Rhine Province.
In 1855 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant.
A few years later, reflecting a favourable performance evaluation, he was given command of the Prussian Military Academy between 1858 and 1861.
Further commands took him successively to Halberstadt and Erfurt following which he was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant and transferred to the Fusilier Battalion of the 15th Infantry Regiment in Bielefeld in the middle of January 1863.
The next day he was decorated for this exploit with the Order of the Red Eagle (with military swords).
The heroic deed was later recalled by the inclusion of the image of a boat when the family received a coat of arms in 1887.
On 28 July 1866 he became a Captain and was decorated with the Order of the Crown.
In March 1870, now a Company commander, Hasel was transferred again, this time to the 35th Brandenburg Fusilier regiment.
With the mobilisation that year against France, he joined the General Staff of the 16th Division.
In this position he participated in the Battles of Spicheren, Mars-la-Tour, Gravelotte, Amiens, Hallue and St. Quentin.
He also took part in the successful Siege of Metz.
Hassel was promoted again on 22 December 1870, now becoming a Major, and awarded the Iron Cross.
After the war was formally concluded by the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871), he was transferred to the General Staff of the 8th Army Corps.
However, serious illness forced his removal from the General Staff in October 1878.
In 1881 Hassel was made Chief of Department 1 of the Army General Staff and promoted to the rank of colonel.
His department focused on strategic intelligence regarding the Russian army.
He returned to field service on 23 September 1883 as commander of the Magdeburg 36th "Count Blumenthal" Regiment, and was then on 25 April 1885 ordered to represent the Chief of the General Staff of the 4th Army Corps.
On 24 June 1885, now with the rank and remuneration of a Brigade Commander, Friedrich Hassel was appointed Chief of this General Staff, and on 4 December 1885 he became a Major general.
On 22 March 1887 Friedrich Hassel was ennobled by the emperor, in recognition of his long service.
One result was that his family name changed from "Hassel" to "von Hassel".
Between 16 May 1888 and 21 March 1889 he commanded the 15th Infantry Brigade, based in Erfurt.
After that, promoted again, now to the rank of Lieutenant General, he was given command of the 6th Division, based in Brandenburg an der Havel.
However, he was pensioned out of the army, with the usual ceremony, on 12 August 1890 due to illness.
Two months later he died at a sanatorium in the Harz mountain region.
Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district was one of Pennsylvania's districts of the United States House of Representatives.
Geography.
In 1903, the district was drawn to cover Crawford and Erie counties, which had been its original area 60 years earlier.
The district was again moved in 1922, when it was redrawn to cover Washington and Greene counties.
In 1942, the boundaries of the district were redrawn without actually moving it for the first time.
Greene County was transferred to the 24th District while parts of Allegheny County south and west of down-town Pittsburgh were moved to the 25th District.
In 1944, the district boundaries were totally redrawn.
It now consisted of Beaver, Butler and Lawrence counties.
These boundaries were then redrawn in 1972, with a small strip of northern Allegheny County being put in the 25th district.
The district was eliminated in 1983.
Demographics.
In 1902, the district was drawn to cover an area with a population of 162,116.
Only 4 of Pennsylvania's 30 districts had fewer people at this point.
Some Pennsylvania districts had over 250,000 people at this point.
History.
This district was created in 1833.
In 1853, it consisted of Crawford County, Pennsylvania and Erie County, Pennsylvania at this point.
The district had a population of 76,591.
It was eliminated in 1863.
This district was recreated in 1873.
The district was held at-large until 1875.
In 1875, it was made a geographical district covering Forest County, Pennsylvania, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania and Indiana County, Pennsylvania.
It had a population of 131,663.
In 1888, Pennsylvania congressional districts were redrawn because there was a decision to make Pennsylvania's 28th congressional district a geographical district and end its election at large.
The 25th district was shifted to cover Butler County, Pennsylvania, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania and Mercer County, Pennsylvania.
These would remain the boundaries until 1912.
Somerford Township is one of the fourteen townships of Madison County, Ohio, United States.
The 2020 census found 3,035 people in the township.
Geography.
Name and history.
It is the only Somerford Township statewide.
Government.
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.
Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it.
There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.
Plot.
Kolaribetta is the second highest peak in the Nilgiri hills of the Western Ghats, located in Tamil Nadu, India.
It is situated in Udagamandalam taluk of Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu.
It is the highest point in the Mukurthi National Park and Chaliyar river basin.
It stands at an altitude of 2,630m above sea level.
It is a shelter for Nilgiri Langur, Nilgiri Tahr and Nilgiri Marten.
Bangkok Buddies () is a 2019 Thai television series starring Vayu Kessuvit (Few), Ekkaphon Deeboonmee Na Chumphae (Au), Nuttapong Boonyuen (Max), Thanadol Auepong (Parm), Martin Sidel, Nichaphat Chatchaipholrat (Pearwah), Narupornkamol Chaisang (Praew) and Jidapa Siribunchawan (Jida).
BOYS, a talent search conducted by GMM Bravo in 2018.
Directed by Pongsathorn Thongcharoen and produced by Ekachai Uekrongtham under Bravo Studios, it was one of the several television series for 2019 launched by GMM 25 in their "Fun Fact Stories" event last 15 January 2019.
The series concluded on 19 November 2019.
It is also available for streaming on Netflix.
Synopsis.
Living in a small wooden house in the middle of Bangkok's Sathon District, a group of young working men with different personalities and professions are about to face the realities of life as they deal with everyday issues and their pursuit of romance.
Biography.
It was in the former Portuguese overseas province of Angola that he formed his first band, Os Rebeldes.
There, to the musicality of his Beira origin, he assimilated African rhythms.
During the Portuguese Colonial War he was conscripted to the theatre of military operations in Portuguese Guinea and by refusing to perform military service he became a military absentee.
On July 8, 1997, he offered one of his most remarkable concerts, celebrating the 500th anniversary of Vasco da Gama's departure to India, on the same day in 1497, at the invitation of the National Commission for the Commemorations of the Portuguese Discoveries.
HMS "Mosquidobit" (sometimes "Musquedobet" or "Musquidobit") was the Chesapeake-built six-gun schooner "Lynx" that the British Royal Navy captured and took into service in 1813.
She was sold into commercial service in 1820 and nothing is known of her subsequent fate.
"Lynx".
Owner-investors James Williams, Amos Williams and Levi Hollingsworth commissioned the noted shipbuilder Thomas Kemp to build them a schooner.
"Lynx" was built at Fells Point, Baltimore during the opening days of the War of 1812.
She was commissioned on 14 July under captain Elisha Taylor.
"Lynx" was a bit larger than the typical swift pilot boats after which Kemp modeled her.
Kemp had increased her size to long by wide and 225 tons burthen (bm).
She was fitted out as a trader though she carried a crew of 40 men and was armed with six 12-pounder long guns.
"Lynx" served as a merchantman for less than a year.
She made one voyage, to Bordeaux, France, and returned with a cargo of luxury goods.
She was waiting with three other schooners to run the British blockade for a second voyage when the British captured her.
Battle of Rappahannock River.
On 13 April 1813, Sir John Borlase Warren's squadron, consisting of "San Domingo", "Marlborough", "Maidstone", "Statira", "Fantome", "Mohawk" and "Highflyer" blockaded four schooners in the Rappahannock River.
The British sent a cutting out expedition in boats 15 miles upriver to capture the schooners at anchor.
The attacking British boats carried 105 men led by Lt. James Polkinghorne while the crews of the schooners numbered 160 in all.
"Lynx" and "Arab" quickly surrendered at the beginning of the attack.
"Racer" put up more resistance.
The last schooner to be taken was "Dolphin", which had been on a privateering cruise and consequently carried 100 men and 12 guns.
Under her captain, W.S.
Stafford, she fought for about two hours before she struck.
Stafford placed his losses at six killed and ten wounded.
American newspapers reported that the British lost 19 killed and forty wounded.
However, Polkinghorne's official report at the time gave his losses as two killed and 11 wounded.
The British took three of the schooners into service.
"Lynx" became "Mosquidobit".
Lastly, it is not clear what became of "Arab", of seven guns, which too had put up some resistance.
It was difficult for the British to free "Arab" and though they eventually succeeded, the vessel was apparently badly damaged and was not commissioned for British service.
She was taken to Halifax where the Vice-Admiralty Court condemned her.
In July 1814, prize money remitted from Halifax for "Racer", "Lynx", "Arab" and a number of other vessels, was paid.
British service.
"Mosquidobit" joined the British fleet blockading the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay at Lynnhaven Bay (just inside the Virginia Capes).
She was subsequently stationed in Nova Scotia.
On 30 March 1814 she arrived in Portsmouth.
From September 1815 she was under the command of Joseph Giffiths until 1817.
Eventually "Mosquidobit" sailed to Deptford, England where her lines were taken off (surveyed and recorded) on 10 May 1816.
She then sailed out of Cork on the Irish station where she served on anti-smuggling duties.
On 15 January 1817 "Mosquidobit" discovered "Eleanor" abandoned in the Irish Sea.
"Mosquidobit" towed "Eleanor" in to Dublin.
On 9 December 1818 "Mosquidobit" sent into Dublin the Dutch cutter "Thetis", of Flushing.
"Mosquidobit" had encountered "Thetis" off the Irish Coast and captured her after a long pursuit.
Almost a year later, on 8 December 1819, "Mosquidobit" received a reward from the Custom-House, Dublin, for the second largest number of smugglers taken on the coast of Ireland, in the year ending 1 Oct 1819.
She was paid-off again in July 1819 but then reportedly served in the Mediterranean, sailing between Toulon and Marseilles.
Fate.
Commemoration.
A full scale sailing replica of this schooner, the tall ship "Lynx", was built at Rockport, Maine in 2001 by Woods Maritime under President Woodson K Woods, and then operated in California.
Her home is now Nanntucket, Ma transferring from port of registry previously Portsmouth, N.H. Lynx now sails the eastcoast from Maine to St Petersburg, Fl frequenting ports of Boothbay Harbor, Maine - Nantucket, Ma - Martha's Vineyard - Annapolis, MD - St Simons Island, Ga - and Tall Ship Event ports of call.
Bella Voce (It., "beautiful voice") is a Chicago-based chamber chorus specializing in classical a cappella music.
It has been called "Chicago's premier professional chamber choir."
The group was founded in 1982 by countertenor Richard Childress as "His Majestie's Clerkes".
In 1990, His Majestie's Clerkes was awarded National Public Radio's Lucien Wulsin Award for best small ensemble.
The group was renamed in 2001.
The group's performances are usually of early and contemporary European music.
Originally performing music of the English Tudor period, the name "Bella Voce" was chosen as the performances of "His Majestie's Clerkes" took on broader interests.
Noted guest conductors of the group have included Sir David Willcocks, Paul Hillier, Simon Preston and Alice Parker.
In 1990, HMC was awarded NPR's Lucien Wulsin Award for best small ensemble Bela Voce won the Alice Parker-ASCAP-Chorus America Award for adventurous programming in 2004.
The group has released many CDs of choral music.
It has been described as "an innovative and superbly polished a cappella ensemble."
Like other classical music ensembles, it has experienced funding difficulties, alleviated in part by grants from organizations sponsoring the arts.
The group was led for many years by Anne Heider, artistic director, and Tamara Schupman, managing director.
Heider is a choral conductor at the Roosevelt University's "Chicago College of Performing Arts", sings alto with the Chicago Sacred Harp singers and researches shape-note singing related to the Midwest.
Schupman is a Choral Assistant for the Northwest Bach Festival, and a member of the Chamber Singers of Chicago.
Chicago Tribune music critic John von Rhein praised the group's "fine musicianship, careful blending of voices, burnished sound and stylistic versatility' as exhibited on their 2006 CD "American A Capella," recorded from concerts in 2004 and 2005.
Lewis is musical director of the Elgin Choral Union, a former artistic director of the Lutheran Choir of Chicago, founder and artistic director of The Janus Ensemble, and cantor of Immanuel Lutheran Church of Evanston, Illinois.
He also is a member of the conducting faculty at the University of Illinois, Chicago.
Chicago Sun Times critic Dorothy Andries described the sound of Bella Voce under Lewis as "like honey, rich and shining, with soprano voices soaring above the altos, tenors and basses, like light through darkness."
Dawson City, officially the City of Dawson, is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon.
Its population was 1,577 as of the 2021 census, making it the second-largest town in Yukon.
History.
This site was also an important summer gathering spot and a base for moose-hunting on the Klondike Valley.
The current settlement was founded by Joseph Ladue and named in January 1897 after noted Canadian geologist George M. Dawson, who had explored and mapped the region in 1887.
It served as Yukon's capital from the territory's founding in 1898 until 1952, when the seat was moved to Whitehorse.
Dawson City was the centre of the Klondike Gold Rush.
By 1899, the gold rush had ended and the town's population plummeted as all but 8,000 people left.
When Dawson was incorporated as a city in 1902, the population was under 5,000.
St. Paul's Anglican Church, also built that same year, is a National Historic Site.
The downtown has been devastated by fire in November 1897 (that started when dance hall girl Dolly Mitchell threw a lamp at another girl in an argument), 1899 (that started in the Bodega Saloon), 1900 (that started at the Monte Carlo Theatre) and flooding in 1925, 1944, 1966, 1969 and 1979.
The population dropped after World War II when the Alaska Highway bypassed it to the south.
The economic damage to Dawson City was such that Whitehorse, the highway's hub, replaced it as territorial capital in 1953.
The high price of gold has made modern placer mining operations profitable, and the growth of the tourism industry has encouraged development of facilities.
In the early 1950s, Dawson was linked by road to Alaska, and in fall 1955, with Whitehorse along a road that now forms part of the Klondike Highway.
In 1978, another kind of buried treasure was discovered with the Dawson Film Find when a construction excavation inadvertently uncovered a forgotten collection of more than 500 discarded films on highly flammable nitrate film stock from the early 20th century that were buried in (and preserved by) the permafrost.
(See Dawson Film Find.)
Owing to its dangerous chemical volatility, the historical find was moved by military transport to Library and Archives Canada and the U.S. Library of Congress for both transfer to safety film and storage.
A documentary about the find, "", was released in 2016.
The City of Dawson and the nearby ghost town of Forty Mile are featured prominently in the novels and short stories of American author Jack London, including "The Call of the Wild".
London lived in the Dawson area from October 1897 to June 1898.
Other writers who lived in and wrote of Dawson City include Pierre Berton and the poet Robert Service.
The childhood home of the former is now used as a retreat for professional writers administered by the Writers' Trust of Canada.
Geography.
Dawson City lies on the Tintina Fault.
This fault has created the Tintina Trench and continues eastward for several hundred kilometres.
Erosional remnants of lava flows form outcrops immediately north and west of Dawson City.
Climate.
Despite this classification, most precipitation actually occurs during summer and July is the wettest month.
However, April, one of the six warmer months is sufficiently drier than October and November.
Hence the letter 's' is used instead of 'f' (as in "Dfc").
The average temperature in July is and in January is .
The highest temperature ever recorded is on 9 July 1899 and 18 June 1950.
The lowest temperature ever recorded is on 3 February 1947.
It experiences a wide range of temperatures surpassing in most summers and dropping below in winter.
In the very cold month of December 1917, the temperature did not rise above and it averaged .
The community is at an elevation of and the average rainfall in July is and the average snowfall in January is .
Dawson has an average total annual snowfall of and averages 70 frost free days per year.
The town is built on a layer of frozen earth, which may pose a threat to the town's infrastructure in the future if the permafrost melts.
Demographics.
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Dawson had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of .
With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Economy.
Today, Dawson City's main industries are tourism and gold mining.
Energy.
Electricity is provided by Yukon Energy Corporation (YEC).
Most of the grid power is hydroelectric power through the north-south grid from dams near Mayo, Whitehorse and Aishihik Lake.
After the local hydroelectric power plant for the gold dredges was shut down in 1966, YEC provided electrical power from local diesel generators.
In 2004 YEC connected Dawson to its grid system.
Since then the diesel generators function as a backup to the grid.
Gold mining.
Gold mining started in 1896 with the Bonanza (Rabbit) Creek discovery by George Carmack, Dawson Charlie and Skookum Jim Mason (Keish).
The area's creeks were quickly staked and most of the thousands who arrived in the spring of 1898 for the Klondike Gold Rush found that there was very little opportunity to benefit directly from gold mining.
Many instead became entrepreneurs to provide services to miners.
Starting approximately 10 years later, large gold dredges began an industrial mining operation, scooping huge amounts of gold out of the creeks, and completely reworking the landscape, altering the locations of rivers and creeks and leaving tailing piles in their wake.
A network of canals and dams were built to the north to produce hydroelectric power for the dredges.
The dredges shut down for the winter, but one built for "Klondike Joe Boyle" was designed to operate year-round, and Boyle had it operate all through one winter.
That dredge (Dredge No. 4) is open as a National Historic Site of Canada on Bonanza Creek.
The last dredge shut down in 1966, and the hydroelectric facility, at North Fork, was closed when the City of Dawson declined an offer to purchase it.
Since then, placer miners returned to the status of being the primary mining operators in the region until recently.
In 2016, Goldcorp announced a takeover of Kaminak Gold's Coffee Project south of Dawson.
This marked a shift in the region, drawing the interest of the major gold mining companies in the Yukon.
In 2017, Newmont Mining Corporation, Barrick Gold and Agnico Eagle Mines Limited have all committed significant investment, engaging in the exploration of properties across the Central Yukon.
Tourism.
There are eight National Historic Sites of Canada located in Dawson, including the "Dawson Historical Complex", a National Historic Site encompassing the historic core of the town.
The Downtown Hotel at Second Avenue and Queen Street has garnered media attention for its unusual "Sourtoe Cocktail", which features a real mummified human toe.
4.
In addition to the fishing camp remains, the site includes traditional plant harvesting areas and lookout points.
Diamond Tooth Gertie's Gambling Hall puts on nightly vaudeville shows during tourist season, from May to September.
Sports.
Every February, Dawson City acts as the halfway mark for the Yukon Quest International Sled Dog Race.
Mushers entered in the event have a mandatory 36-hour layover in Dawson City while getting their rest and preparing for the second half of the world's toughest sled dog race.
Dawson City also hosts a softball tournament which brings teams from Inuvik in late summer.
Furthermore, a volleyball tournament is held annually at the end of October and is attended by various high schools across Yukon.
The city was home to the Dawson City Nuggets hockey team, which in 1905 challenged the Ottawa Silver Seven for the Stanley Cup.
Travelling to Ottawa by dog sled, ship, and train, the team lost the most lopsided series in Stanley Cup history, losing two games by the combined score of 32 to 4.
Government.
In 2004, the Yukon government removed the mayor and the town council, as a result of the town going bankrupt.
Elections were set for June 15, 2006.
John Steins, a local artist and one of the leaders of the movement to restore democracy to Dawson, was acclaimed as mayor, while 13 residents ran for the four council seats.
Steins was succeeded in office by former mayor Peter Jenkins, who in turn was succeeded by Wayne Potoroka.
In 2021, four candidates ran for Mayor, and former city councillor William (Bill) Kendrick won the election and is the current Mayor of Dawson City.
Other past mayors of Dawson City have included Art Webster, Colin Mayes, Yolanda Burkhard, Mike Comadina and Vi Campbell.
In the Legislative Assembly of Yukon, Dawson City is in the electoral district of Klondike, currently represented by Sandy Silver of the Yukon Liberal Party.
City or town status.
Dawson was incorporated as a city in 1902 when it met the criteria for "city" status under the municipal act of that time.
It retained the incorporation even as the population plummeted.
When a new municipal act was adopted in the 1980s, Dawson met the criteria of "town", and was incorporated as such although with a special provision to allow it to continue to use the word "City", partially for historical reasons and partially to distinguish it from Dawson Creek, a small city in northeastern British Columbia.
Dawson Creek is also named in honour of George M. Dawson.
As of the 2001 "Municipal Act", the town's official legal name is now simply the "City of Dawson".
Infrastructure.
The Yukon River is navigable (when not frozen) and historically was travelled by commercial riverboats to Whitehorse and downstream into Alaska and the Bering Sea.
Education.
Yukon School of Visual Arts, a university level accredited art program, is based in Dawson City.
The Robert Service School offers Kindergarten - Grade 12 and is one of only 28 schools in the Yukon Territory.
Media.
Bell's spaceship paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity.
It was first described by E. Dewan and M. Beran in 1959 but became more widely known after John Stewart Bell elaborated the idea further in 1976.
A delicate thread hangs between two spaceships headed in the same direction.
They start accelerating simultaneously and equally as measured in the inertial frame S, thus having the same velocity at all times as viewed from S. Therefore, they are all subject to the same Lorentz contraction, so the entire assembly seems to be equally contracted in the S frame with respect to the length at the start.
At first sight, it might appear that the thread will not break during acceleration.
This argument, however, is incorrect as shown by Dewan and Beran, and later Bell.
The thread, on the other hand, being a physical object held together by electrostatic forces, maintains the same rest length.
Thus, in frame S, it must be Lorentz contracted, which result can also be derived when the electromagnetic fields of bodies in motion are considered.
In the following, the rest length or "proper length" of an object is its length measured in the object's rest frame.
(This length corresponds to the proper distance between two events in the special case, when these events are measured simultaneously at the endpoints in the object's rest frame.)
Dewan and Beran.
In Bell's version of the thought experiment, three spaceships A, B and C are initially at rest in a common inertial reference frame, B and C being equidistant to A.
Then, a signal is sent from A to reach B and C simultaneously, causing B and C starting to accelerate in the vertical direction (having been pre-programmed with identical acceleration profiles), while A stays at rest in its original reference frame.
According to Bell, this implies that B and C (as seen in A's rest frame) "will have at every moment the same velocity, and so remain displaced one from the other by a fixed distance."
Now, if a fragile thread is tied between B and C, it's not long enough anymore due to length contractions, thus it will break.
He concluded that "the artificial prevention of the natural contraction imposes intolerable stress".
Bell reported that he encountered much skepticism from "a distinguished experimentalist" when he presented the paradox.
To attempt to resolve the dispute, an informal and non-systematic survey of opinion at CERN was held.
According to Bell, there was "clear consensus" which asserted, incorrectly, that the string would not break.
For instance, Bell argued that the length contraction of objects as well as the lack of length contraction between objects in frame "S" can be explained using relativistic electromagnetism.
The distorted electromagnetic intermolecular fields cause moving objects to contract, or to become stressed if hindered from doing so.
In contrast, no such forces act on the space between objects.
As to the historical aspect, Feynman alluded to the circumstance that Hendrik Lorentz arrived essentially the same way at the Lorentz transformation, see also History of Lorentz transformations.)
However, Petkov (2009) and Franklin (2009) interpret this paradox differently.
They agreed with the result that the string will break due to unequal accelerations in the rocket frames, which causes the rest length between them to increase (see the Minkowski diagram in the analysis section).
However, they denied the idea that those stresses are caused by length contraction in S. This is because, in their opinion, length contraction has no "physical reality", but is merely the result of a Lorentz transformation, "i.e." a rotation in four-dimensional space which by itself can never cause any stress at all.
Thus the occurrence of such stresses in all reference frames including S and the breaking of the string is supposed to be the effect of relativistic acceleration alone.
Discussions and publications.
Paul Nawrocki (1962) gives three arguments why the string should not break, while Edmond Dewan (1963) showed in a reply that his original analysis still remains valid.
Many years later and after Bell's book, Matsuda and Kinoshita reported receiving much criticism after publishing an article on their independently rediscovered version of the paradox in a Japanese journal.
Matsuda and Kinoshita do not cite specific papers, however, stating only that these objections were written in Japanese.
Immediate acceleration.
The distance between B and A keeps on increasing till A stops accelerating.
Hence the extra distance covered by B during the entire course can be calculated by measuring the distance traveled by B during this phase.
As explained above, the same is also obtained by only considering the start frame S using length contraction of the string (or the contraction of its moving molecular fields) while the distance between the ships stays the same due to equal acceleration.
Constant proper acceleration.
Instead of instantaneous changes of direction, special relativity also allows to describe the more realistic scenario of constant proper acceleration, i.e. the acceleration indicated by a comoving accelerometer.
However, rather than ask about the separation of spaceships with the same acceleration in an inertial frame, the problem of Born rigid motion asks, "What acceleration profile is required by the second spaceship so that the distance between the spaceships remains constant in their proper frame?"
In order for the two spaceships, initially at rest in an inertial frame, to maintain a constant proper distance, the lead spaceship must have a lower proper acceleration.
Consequently, in the case of Born rigidity, the constancy of length L' in the momentary frame implies that L in the external frame decreases constantly, the thread doesn't break.
Biography.
A scholar in Arabic, it is certain, who must have belonged to the Marabout caste.
It is known that the title "Si" is reserved exclusively in these regions to marabouts and exceptionally to men versed in "religious science".
He, indeed, joined the "spahis" under this surname but with the spelling "Cid Kaoui".
Little is known about his childhood and the early years of his youth.
This will open to him, later, the doors of Military interpretation.
He was relieved of his duties on March 5, 1881, and obtained a supervisory position at the Algiers High School, before returning to the 1st Regiment of "Spahis" on July 13, 1882, for four more years.
Towards the beginning of 1880, he enrolled at University of Algiers, in medicine, the studies he pursued for two years before opting for an interpreter course.
Then, having passed his exams successfully, he was recruited on 26 September 1886 in the body of military interpreters.
Recognition.
He received, during his stay in Paris, a bronze medal at the Exposition Universelle (1900) crowning his two Tuareg dictionaries.
She came to prominence following her feature on the PS1 single "Fake Friends", which peaked at number 19 on the Official Singles Chart.
Early life.
Hosking was raised in Adelaide, Australia.
She began writing songs at the age of seven.
Career.
Hosking began her singing career via a YouTube channel.
In the same year, she auditioned for The X Factor, reaching the Top 25 in the 'Under-25 Girls' category, and wrote the debut single, "Bodies", for Vera Blue.
Her debut single, "Monsters", was released in 2019.
In 2020, "Fake Friends", a song Hosking had written in 2017 with producer Mark Alston, was released as a collaboration with PS1, a DJ from New York City, with a music video premiering in June 2020.
The song entered the UK Official Singles Chart in the same month, eventually peaking at number 19 in September 2020.
By September 2020, the song was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry, and was eventually certified Gold in June 2021.
In 2021, Hosking released a second song alongside PS1, entitled "Life Goes On".
The song peaked at number 41 in the Official Singles Chart.
Personal life.
Hosking is based in London.
Scorpiops is a genus of scorpions in the family Scorpiopidae.
It is distributed throughout much of Asia.
The taxonomy of the group is unclear because new species and subgenera are described often, and one subgroup may represent a species complex.
The 343d Reconnaissance Squadron is a United States Air Force unit part of the 55th Wing at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska.
History.
World War II.
Constituted as 343 Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine), on 21 January 1943.
Activated on 1 February 1943 at McChord Field, WA as a P-38 Lightning fighter squadron.
Assigned to 55 Fighter Group.
The squadron was assigned to the Eighth AF.
Engaged primarily in escorting American bombers that attacked industrial targets and marshalling yards in Germany, and airfields and V-weapon sites in France.
Redesignated 343 Fighter Squadron, Single Engine, on 5 September 1944.
Lieutenant Allen became an Ace in one day when he shot down five Heinkel He 111 bombers as they took off at two-minute intervals.
The fighters from the 343rd continued to escort bombers on raids on transportation facilities during the Battle of the Bulge, 1-4 December-January 1945.
The unit strafed trucks, locomotives, and oil depots near Wesel when the Allies crossed the Rhine in March 1945.
The 343d flew combat missions in the European Theater of Operations until 21 April 1945.
Moved to Kaufbeuren, Germany, 20 July 1945.
Inactivated on 20 August 1946.
Cold War.
Redesignated as 343 Reconnaissance Squadron, Very Long Range, Mapping, on 5 February 1947.
Activated on 24 Feb 1947.
Redesignated as 343 Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, Photo-Mapping, on 29 June 1948.
Inactivated on 14 October 1949.
Redesignated as 343 Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, Medium, Electronics, on 27 October 1950.
Activated on 1 November 1950.
Assigned to the 55 Strategic Reconnaissance Wing on 16 June 1952.
Since 1979 the squadron has provided worldwide strategic reconnaissance support, including operations in Grenada in 1983, Libya in 1986, and Southwest Asia from 1990-1991.
On 29 July 1953 a squadron RB-50 temporarily attached to the 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron was shot down by Soviet fighters about ninety miles south of Vladivostok.
Gnaphosa fontinalis is a species of ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae.
Maurice Riordan (born 1953) is an Irish poet, translator, and editor.
It received the Michael Hartnett Award.
He has also edited a selection of poems by Hart Crane (2008) in Faber's 'Poet to Poet' series.
He has translated the work of Maltese poet Immanuel Mifsud.
In 2004 he was selected as one of the Poetry Society's 'Next Generation' poets.
He was Poetry Editor of "Poetry London" from 2005 to 2009 and Editor of "The Poetry Review" from 2013 to 2017.
Riordan was educated in St. Colman's College, Fermoy, University College Cork and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
He has taught at Goldsmiths College and at Imperial College and is Emeritus Professor of Poetry at Sheffield Hallam University.
He lives in London.
Publications.
Roh Yoon-seo (born January 25, 2000) is a South Korean actress and model.
She is best known for her roles in the television series "Our Blues" (2022), "Crash Course in Romance" (2023), "Black Knight" (2023) and the film "20th Century Girl" (2022).
Roh was awarded Best New Actress award for her role in "Crash Course in Romance" at the 59th Baeksang Arts Awards in 2023.
Education.
Roh Yoon-seo graduated in 2023 from Ewha Womans University, where she majored in Fine Arts.
Roh was formerly educated at Jamjeon Elementary School, Jungshin Girls' Middle School, and Sunhwa Arts School.
Career.
Roh Yoon-seo started out her career as a model for cosmetic products advertisements in 2018, including "Allure Korea".
Roh made her acting debut in 2022, as she was cast as Bang Yeong-ju, a pregnant high school student in the popular tvN drama "Our Blues".
Despite the controversy surrounding the drama's subplot of teenage pregnancy, Roh nonetheless garnered attention from the audiences for her portrayal and her emotional acting, including the portrayal of the emotional struggles behind teenage pregnancy.
From this debut role, Roh demonstrated stable and gifted acting skills for a rookie, which won the hearts of the audience.
Later the same year, Roh starred in the Netflix film "20th Century Girl".
Within three days of its release, the film debuted at No. 2 on Netflix's global chart of Top 10 non-English language film category for the week of its release, with eight million hours viewed, as well as positive reception to the film's plot.
Parkside is a football ground in Shotts, Scotland.
It was the home ground of Dykehead during their time in the Scottish Football League (SFL) between 1923 and 1926.
History.
Parkside was a basic ground, with the pavilion in the western corner of the pitch being its only structure.
The Project on the Status and Education of Women (PSEW) was the first United States project focused on gender equity in education.
Formed in 1971 by the Association of American Colleges (AAC), known today as the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AACU), PSEW worked to improve access to and equity within higher education for women, addressing the needs of university students, faculty, staff, and administrators.
PSEW produced and distributed materials about the status of women in higher education, advised colleges and universities about policies related to affirmative action, women's studies programs, and hiring women faculty, and worked with policymakers to introduce legislation to improve gender equity in American higher education.
PSEW also played a significant role in the development and passage of Title IX, the portion of the U.S. Education Amendments of 1972 that prohibits discrimination in education on the basis of sex.
PSEW was dissolved as a separate project on June 30, 1991 and reincorporated into the AACU as the Program on the Status and Education of Women.
The program was directed by Caryn McTighe Musil until its conclusion in 2012.
An extensive collection of the materials and publications produced by PSEW is held at the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University.
History and formation.
The Project on the Status and Education of Women was founded in 1971 as the first step in a shift by the Association of American Colleges (now the Association of American Colleges and Universities) towards attention to student diversity.
Located in the headquarters of the AACU in Washington, D.C., the organization operated with a small staff.
PSEW received funding through grants, including from the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Ford Foundation.
PSEW was integral in the passage of Title IX.
As part of this effort, the organization visited schools, educated lawmakers on women's issues in academia, and advocated for policies to improve women's situation on campuses.
PSEW pursued a focus on sexual harassment and rape on campus, producing educational materials on these subjects in the 1980s.
Notably, the organization coined the term "chilly climate", used in many of its works to describe the challenges faced by women in education.
People.
Bernice Resnick Sandler served as the director of PSEW from 1971-1991.
Sandler was also active in the Women's Equity Action League (WEAL), through which she did similar work promoting gender equity in higher education.
After Sandler, Caryn McTighe Musil served as director of the successor Program on the Status and Education of Women (PSEW) until 2012.
Margaret C. Dunkle served as the Associate President of PSEW from 1972-1977.
Roberta M. Hall and Grace L. Mastalli were also important staff members.
Main contributions.
Publications.
PSEW was founded to aid colleges and universities in developing policies that addressed gender discrimination and sexual harassment.
However, their work soon expanded beyond this mission, as PSEW staff began publishing original work on women in higher education.
PSEW published over 100 reports, as well as booklets, pamphlets, and their newsletter "On Campus with Women".
Their publications addressed a range of subjects including recruiting women students and faculty, issues relevant to minority students, sex discrimination in hiring, sex bias in research, Title IX, financial assistance, sexual harassment on campus, and the academic climate for women.
Their materials reached college presidents and faculty as well as policymakers, and not only disseminated information about events and research relating to women in education, but also informed women directly about their own legal rights to education.
PSEW published the first papers on women of color in higher education and the first national reports on sex discrimination in college sports, hostile classroom environments, campus gang rape, and sexual harassment.
"Chilly Climate".
The organization additionally produced publications addressing a term it coined, the "chilly climate" facing women at colleges and universities, a program of discourse which became a defining initiative for the group's contributions to equality in education.
The "chilly climate" was illustrated by descriptions of challenges experienced by women students and faculty, from disparaging comments made about women and their academic capacities to the sidelining and interruption of women in class.
PSEW's discussion of these challenges to women's experiences in a learning environment contributed to wider dialogue about the unequal learning environments experienced by people from various underserved groups.
The project published several influential works on the topic.
The paper was funded by a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) of the U.S. Department of Education.
The final paper distributed at the conference sold over 40,000 copies between 1982 and 1990.
"On Campus with Women".
Perhaps PSEW's most prominent publication was their periodical, "On Campus with Women" (OCWW), which published research and articles on issues pertaining to women in higher education.
Founded by Sandler at the inception of the PSEW in 1971, its content focused on women's leadership, campus climate, curriculum and pedagogy, and new research on women's participation in higher education.
In the fall of 2002, OCWW moved exclusively online.
In 2013, the publication of "On Campus with Women" as a separate periodical ended, and its mission to cover gender issues in higher education was absorbed by the AACU's other journals, such as "Liberal Education" and "Diversity and Democracy".
Advocacy.
Title IX.
PSEW played in an integral role in working with Congressional staff and other organizations on the drafting and implementation of Title IX, interfacing with other organizations and Congress to construct and pass the law.
PSEW also acted as a resource for universities to consult on potential implementation and policy between the law's June 1972 passage and the 1975 final report on enforcement and regulations from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
The organization helped colleges and universities to institute policies that limited their risk of violating the Title IX requirements.
During this interim period, PSEW often worked with the National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education (NCWGE), a consortium of organizations founded to advocate for implementation regulations of Title IX on the enforcement, implementation, and funding of women's educational programs.
Post-Title IX.
After Title IX became law, PSEW continued to educate policymakers and government officials about women's issues on college campuses.
PSEW staff often visited college campuses to identify issues and to work with administrations on the implementation and enforcement of Title IX.
PSEW also created educational materials on rape and sexual harassment as resources for campuses.
Legacy and absorption into AACU.
The Project on the Status and Education of Women was the first national project directed at women of higher education and was one of first programs to address gender differences regarding campus climate.
The project's involvement on the continued enforcement and implementation of Title IX has had lasting effects, as well as its creation and distribution of educational materials related to sexual harassment.
Since its formation, PSEW has spearheaded a number of initiatives advocating gender equity in higher education.
PSEW was dissolved as a separate project on June 30, 1991 as part of a push to focus on women's issues throughout the programming of the AAC.
Sandler left her position of leadership and the group was reconstituted as the Program on the Status and Education of Women (PSEW).
Upon being absorbed into the AACU, PSEW's primary source of funding no longer came from grants, as they were able to receive funding from the AACU.
Orrella is a genus of bacteria from the family of Alcaligenaceae with one known species ("Orrella dioscoreae").
Reinhard Hauff (born 23 May 1939) is a German film director.
His works, which were mostly carried out in the late 1960s to early 1990s, are known for their social and political commentary.
"Stammheim", which is based on the activities of the Red Army Faction (commonly called the Baader-Meinhof Gang) won the Golden Bear award at the 36th Berlin International Film Festival in 1986.
In 1987, he was a member of the jury at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival.
His 1970 film "Mathias Kneissl" was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival.
Early life and family.
Santos was born in Tonga on 11 October 1940.
Santos Snr and his family emigrated from Tonga to Auckland, New Zealand, in 1957.
Boxing career.
Santos won the New Zealand Boxing Association lightweight title, the Australasian Light welterweight title, and the British Commonwealth lightweight title.
He was a challenger for the Australasian lightweight title against Hector Thompson.
His professional fighting weight varied from , i.e. lightweight, to , i.e. light welterweight.
Death.
Po sveta i u nas () is the flagship Bulgarian news program aired each day on the Bulgarian public television channel BNT 1, the flagship channel of Bulgarian National Television (BNT).
History.
Bulgarian television.
The broadcast of "Po sveta i u nas" was started on July 20, 1960.
Before this news broadcast, since November 7, 1959, news broadcasts were broadcast daily in 5 minutes.The first speaker is Nikola Filipov.
The following leaders after Philipov are Maria Yanakieva, Anahid Tacheva, Georgi Lambrev, Maria Trolva, Lili Vankova, Lyubinka Nyagolova.
Bulgarian National television.
The news of 1999 began broadcasting from the specially designed Studio 6.
Donal Hughes is an Irish sport broadcaster, influencer and athlete although is h qualified with a n .D In chemistry and biology, Hughes turned a hobby as a golf writer into a successful alternative career firstly as the golfing "SpinDoctor" with the "Irish Examiner" and since as head of the popular satirical golf website GolfCentralDaily.com.
He also curates social media and works as an influencer for sports companies involved in Golf, Gaelic Football, and Triathlon and is the chief equipment reviewer with Golfbidder, with over 9.6 million views on his videos as of late 2020 on YouTube.
Biography.
Born in 1974, Hughes grew up in Ballinrobe, County Mayo in the West of Ireland.
He completed a degree in Applied Chemistry in Dublin City University winning the AGB gold medal for highest final year exam results.
He went on to be awarded a Ph.D. in 1999.
Hughes returned to Mayo, was married and is a father of four.
Sporting career.
He received the DCU "Sportstar Of The Year" award in 1993 from the then Irish Minister for Sport, Liam Aylward having represented the University on nine winning teams across five sports.
Following a sports career ending leg injury whilst in DCU, Hughes took up golf, which he also played competitively.
Hughes' returned from injury in 2012 and now competes in Ironman events.
He made headlines in the triathlon world at the Hurricane Matthew-shortened 2016 Ironman North Carolina by running through the finish line and cycling an extra 62 miles to ensure he completed the full Ironman distance of 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile bike and a marathon 26.22-mile run on that day.
Hughes also now works as Gaelic Football goalkeeping coach.
In 2016 Hughes spoke of his role in the infamous "broken crossbar incident" at the 1992 Connaught Gaelic Football Final.
Charity work.
In 2007 Hughes devised and undertook a record breaking challenge for charity entitled The Round Ireland Golf Challenge.
Along with fellow golfer Michael Nolan, Hughes completed 32 rounds of golf, in each of Ireland's 32 counties, over 32 consecutive days finishing on 6 September 2007 at The Heritage Golf Club.
Hughes retains his charity involvement as a West Of Ireland envoy for an anonymous donor to rural and social development projects.
Golf writing career.
In preparation for his Round Ireland Golf Challenge, Donal Hughes came to the attention of the Irish golfing community and was commissioned by the Irish Examiner newspaper to write a log of his adventures.
Following the project, Hughes was retained by the Irish Examiner to write a weekly golfing column in the paper.
His humorous approach to golf writing lead to him becoming a reader favourite and in 2008 Hughes was promoted to a full page each Tuesday in the sports section of the paper with an average readership of 238,000.
Known as the "SpinDoctor", Hughes's page featured until 2012.
Hughes now runs GolfCentralDaily.com and is the golf equipment reviewer and interviewer for UK based golf retailer Golfbidder.
Center Forward is an American political action committee advocating selected policies in the United States government.
The group has been heavily funded with dark money donations from the pharmaceutical industry's lobbying group.
The organization has roots in the Blue Dog Coalition of Democrats who hold some common views with Republican counterparts.
After the Blue Dog Coalition whittled down in members, the organization was founded to promote similar ideas.
Blue Dog members have noted that Center Forward could be the path towards the return of a Democratic majority.
It is chaired by former Democratic Representative Bud Cramer.
No.
321 (Dutch) Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War formed from the personnel of the "Marineluchtvaartdienst" (MLD), the Royal Netherlands Naval Air Service.
History.
Formation.
Formed on 1 June 1940 at RAF Pembroke Dock, the squadron moved to RAF Carew Cheriton on 28 July 1940 and became operational.
The squadron flew coastal and anti-submarine patrols with Avro Ansons until the squadron was disbanded, due to lack of personnel, and merged with No.
320 (Netherlands) Squadron on 18 January 1941.
Catalinas.
The squadron was re-activated at RAF Trincomalee, Ceylon on 15 August 1942.
It was equipped with Consolidated Catalinas, which were crewed by MLD personnel who escaped to Ceylon.
The squadron's headquarters was located at RAF China Bay with detachments based in Mombasa, Cocos Islands, Socotra, Masirah, Ceylon, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Aden and Cape Town.
Supplemented with Consolidated Liberators in July 1945, the air echelon moved to Cocos Island in preparation for Operation Zipper, the proposed invasion of Malaya.
After the Japanese surrender, relief flights and supply drops to thousands of internees in the POW camps were flown to Java and Sumatra, and in October the squadron moved to its new base near Batavia, where the squadron passed to MLD control on 8 December 1945, keeping the same squadron number, No.
321 Squadron MLD.
Along with 320 Squadron, it flew maritime patrol missions from Valkenburg for decades afterwards.
The Goose Island Lighthouse is operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority and has been unstaffed since 1931.
It was originally constructed in 1846 with the use of convict labour.
On 31 March 1857 the station was raided by pirates.
From 1985 to 1990 a wind generator was used as a power source for the light, today the electricity is generated by solar panels.
The tower was built as a -tall rubblestone construction employing a Fresnel lens, which today is on display in Hobart at the Maritime Museum of Tasmania.
Martin Roscoe (born 3 August 1952) is an English classical pianist.
He performs as a concerto soloist, as a recitalist and as a chamber musician.
Early life.
Martin Roscoe was born in Halton, Runcorn, Cheshire.
He later went on to study at the Royal Manchester College of Music with Gordon Green and Marjorie Clementi.
Awards early in his career included the Davas Gold Medal in 1973, the Silver Medal of the Worshipful Company of Musicians in 1974, the British Liszt Piano Competition in 1976 and he was a prizewinner in the Sydney International Piano Competition in 1981.
Career.
Roscoe has developed close links with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and the Manchester Camerata.
He gives regular recitals at the Wigmore Hall.
Roscoe has appeared in BBC Henry Wood Promenade Concerts on six occasions and has made over 300 broadcasts with the BBC.
He has an international reputation and has played in many countries, including Hong Kong, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, South America, Australia, USA and France.
As a student, he formed a piano duo with Peter Donohoe and they have performed and made recordings together since.
Their recording of music by Gershwin on Carlton Classics was chosen as Editor's Choice in the August 1997 issue of Gramophone.
As a chamber musician he has performed with Tasmin Little, Emma Johnson, Steven Isserlis, Michael Collins, Steven Osborne, the Leopold String Trio and the Chilingirian, Vanbrugh, Tale, Schidlof, Carmina, Brodsky, Endellion and Sorrel String Quartets.
The details of Roscoe's recordings are shown in the table below.
He is the artistic director of the Beverley Chamber Music Festival and the Ribble Valley International Piano Week.
He graduated from Wycliffe College in 1941.
He was commissioned a flight sergeant in the Royal Air Force on 15 May 1945.
He served as Solicitor-General of Barbados, and then in February 1961 was appointed a Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of British Honduras (today Belize).
He rose to Chief Justice of Belize in 1974 until his replacement in 1977 by Albert Staine, who became the first native of Belize to hold that position.
He was knighted in the 1977 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours.
He went on to serve on the Supreme Court of the Bahamas as a Justice from May 1979 to September 1983, Acting Chief Justice from September to December 1983, and Senior Justice from January 1984 to November 1989.
He was married to Diana.
They had no children.
Sir Denis father had been Chief Justice of the Leeward islands.
He had two brothers.
"Pimp Juice" is the fourth US and Canadian single by American rapper Nelly, released on March 10, 2003, from his 2002 album, "Nellyville".
The song peaked at number 58 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
It samples UGK's song Wood Wheel from their album Dirty Money.
In the song, Nelly states that women only want him for his "pimp juice", which he needs to let loose.
The song was featured in VH1's "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs...Ever" at number 30.
Controversy.
The song received backlash for its apparent glorification of prostitution.
Remix.
The official remix features Ronald Isley of the Isley Brothers and The Feed's David Grelle on keyboard, and the song is on Nelly's remix album, "".
It contains a sample of "Curtains" by The Jeff Lorber Fusion.
Track listing.
Satyabhinava Tirtha (died 1706) was a Hindu philosopher, scholar, theologian and saint.
He served as the pontiff of Shri Uttaradi Math from 1673 to 1706.
He was the 21st in succession from Madhvacharya.
He is known for his great works "Durghata Bhavadipa" on "Bhagavata Tatparya Nirnaya" and "Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya Vyakhyana", a commentary on Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya of Madhva .
Life.
Satyabhinava Tirtha who was born with a 'Madhavi Rishi amsa' had occupied the pontificate with distinction for 32 years, 6 months and three days.
Satyadhisha Tirtha was the first and Satyadhiraja Tirtha was second disciple.
Both these died within a year of their ordination.
Later he ordained Kolhapur Krishnacharya as the next pontiff as Sri Satyapurna Tirtha.
After his death in 1706, his mortal remains were enshrined in the mutt at Nachiarkoil, which is few miles away from Kumbakonam.
He was succeeded by Satyapurna Tirtha.
Works.
Three works have been attributed to Satyabhinava.
His "Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya Vyakhyana" is a commentary running up to 3,220 granthas on Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya of Madhva.
"Duraghatabhavadipa" is a commentary running up to 8,160 granthas on Madhva's "Bhagavata Tatparya Niryana" which, apart from elucidating the concepts of the source text, criticises the allegations against Madhva raised by some scholars and grammarians.
His work "Sri Satyanatha Guru Stuti" is a praise poem in honour of his guru Satyanatha Tirtha.
According to Sharma, "Almost on every page of his gloss in his Bhagavata, we find certain criticisms on the "Bhagavata Tatparya Nirnaya" of Madhva repudiated.
The determination and persistence with which he pursues these critics show that "Bhagavata Tatparya Nirnaya" had been severely criticized by some latter-day commentators probably Advaitic of unknown identity.
The commentary throws light on many knotty points.
"Unity" was the political label for a series of electoral pacts by Irish nationalist, Irish Republican and socialist candidates in Northern Ireland elections in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
It also contested elections as a party in its own right, electing six councillors in the 1973 local council elections in the Fermanagh and Dungannon areas, although this was reduced to two members of Fermanagh council in the next election in 1977.
The first victory came in 1969 in the Mid Ulster by-election which was won by 21-year old student Bernadette Devlin.
She held her seat in the 1970 general election, when Fermanagh and South Tyrone was won by her colleague Frank McManus.
Due to realignments in nationalist politics and opposition to Devlin's radical political and social views, both lost their seats in the February 1974 general election.
He held the seat until his death in 1981.
, real name , was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Namioka, Aomori.
He was the sport's 59th "yokozuna" from 1983 to 1986 and won four top division tournament championships.
After retirement he established Naruto stable which he ran from 1989 until his death.
Early career.
Takanosato played football and judo before turning to sumo.
He was from the same area of Japan as Wakanohana Kanji II and the two entered professional sumo together in July 1968, joining Futagoyama stable.
A late developer, he did not reach the "san'yaku" ranks until 1979, by which time Wakanohana was already a "yokozuna".
In 1980 he was runner-up in two consecutive tournaments.
Nicknamed because of his brawny physique, he was one of the few wrestlers in his day to use weight training, which is now commonplace in sumo.
Following his promotion he announced that he had been suffering from diabetes for many years, and had devised a special diet to keep the illness under control.
He was runner-up in the March and May 1983 tournaments, and then took his second championship in July.
Following this tournament, he was promoted to "yokozuna".
"Yokozuna".
Takanosato was almost thirty one years old when he reached sumo's highest rank, and the 91 tournaments it took him to reach "yokozuna" from his professional debut is the second slowest in sumo history, behind only Mienoumi.
Although his "yokozuna" career was relatively short, he had a great rivalry with fellow "yokozuna" Chiyonofuji.
In the four tournaments from July 1983 to January 1984, the two wrestlers came into the final day with the same score.
This is a unique occurrence in sumo.
It was Takanosato who won three out of the four tournament-deciding bouts, and he was one of the few wrestlers to have a winning record against Chiyonofuji.
He studied Chiyonofuji's fighting style through watching videotapes of his bouts over and over, and was often able to keep his rival from getting his favoured left hand grip on his "mawashi".
Takanosato defeated Chiyonofuji eight times in a row from July 1981 to September 1982 and overall emerged victorious from 18 of their 31 encounters.
Takanosato's fourth tournament championship in January 1984 proved to be his last, and thereafter his "yokozuna" career was disappointing.
He missed most of 1985 due to injury, only managing to complete one tournament, but did take part in the three day exhibition tournament held in the United States at Madison Square Garden in June.
He announced his retirement in January 1986 at the age of 33.
Retirement from sumo.
Takanosato took the name Naruto upon joining the Sumo Association as an "oyakata", or elder, and in 1989 opened his own Naruto stable in Matsudo, Chiba, which has produced several top division wrestlers.
The first was Rikio in 1996 and he was followed by Wakanosato in 1998, Takanowaka in 1999, Takanotsuru in 2003, Kisenosato in 2004, and Takayasu and Takanoyama in 2011.
It was a close-knit stable and Naruto Oyakata did not let his wrestlers go out and train at other stables ("degeiko"), believing that they did not need outside help.
Naruto also worked as a judge of tournament bouts and for NHK as a sumo commentator.
Death.
Both Naruto and Takanoyama were summoned for questioning by chairman Hanaregoma.
Just days later, on November 7, 2011, Naruto died of respiratory failure in Fukuoka at the age of 59.
Fighting style.
Takanosato's most common winning "kimarite" or technique was overwhelmingly "yorikiri" or force out, which accounted for about 45 percent of his victories at "sekitori" level.
He preferred a "migi-yotsu" grip (the same as Chiyonofuji), with his left hand outside and right hand inside his opponent's arms.
He also regularly won by "uwatenage" (overarm throw) and "tsuridashi" (lift out), the latter a technique seldom seen today due to the increasing weight of wrestlers.
David F. Shamoon is a Canadian screenwriter, best known for his screenplay for the film "In Darkness" (2011).
Directed by Agnieszka Holland, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2012.
Life and career.
Shamoon was born and raised in India, the son of Iraqi-Jewish refugees of the 1941 Farhud in Baghdad.
His family moved to Iran, where he attended Community School, Tehran).
He moved to the United States for college, graduating from Boston University in 1970.
That year he moved to Canada.
Shamoon successfully worked in advertising for many years before trying screenwriting, first as a hobby, but eventually as a career.
He studied the craft and wrote several scripts, some of which were optioned.
"In Darkness", based on Robert Marshall's book "In the Sewers of Lvov" (1991), marked his first attempt to adapt a book for film.
Shamoon garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 32nd Genie Awards.
Club career.
He finished the season with nine appearances (six starts, 551 minutes of action).
Five days later, he was called up for pre-season with the first team squad.
He still continued to appear regularly for the B's, however.
On 25 September he switched teams and countries again, joining FC Locarno in Switzerland.
Drepanogynis hypopyrrha is a species of moth of the family Geometridae.
It is found in East Madagascar.
The wingspan of this species is 40mm, it is of Prussian red colour, much suffused with some dull purple.
Greg Willard (November 5, 1958April 1, 2013) was an American professional basketball referee in the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 1988 and wore the uniform number 57.
Willard officiated 1,515 regular season, 134 playoff, and three NBA Finals games.
Early career.
While attending Long Beach State University, Willard officiated football as a member of the Orange County Football Officials Association and worked as a high school basketball official before advancing to the Continental Basketball Association where he spent four years.
Willard also spent four years officiating basketball in college's PCAA (now Big West) and Pac-10 (now Pac-12) conferences.
Willard earned his Associate of Arts degree from Orange Coast College.
NBA referee career.
As the NBA moved from a referee alignment of utilizing two-person officiating crews to that of a three-person crew in 1988, the League recruited top college and CBA officials to fill the new vacancies created by the officiating department's expansion, including Willard.
Personal life.
Since joining the NBA, Willard remained active with the Orange County Football Officials Associations as well as the Musical Youth Artist Repertory Theatre.
He was a married father of three and was active in coaching local youth sports leagues.
Willard resided in Huntington Beach, California.
Cancer.
After working 10 games during the 2012 NBA Playoffs, Willard withdrew from his June 6, 2012 assignment, Game 6 of the Western Conference Finals between the San Antonio Spurs and Oklahoma City Thunder, after being diagnosed as having pancreatic cancer.
On October 20, 2012, the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network ("PCAN") selected Willard as its Spirit of Hope Award recipient for displaying "tremendous courage and fortitude in coping with pancreatic cancer" and inspiring others to do the same.
Additionally, Willard was named honoree of the March 24, 2013 event "Cheers to a Cure" with proceeds benefiting PCAN and cancer research endeavors.
A croustade is a French culinary term meaning a crust or pie-crust of any type.
They are usually made of flaky pastry or puff pastry, but there are also bread croustades ("croustade de pain de mie"), potato croustades ("petites croustades en pommes de terre duchesse"), rice, semolina and vermicelli croustades, among others.
They are yet to win the EHF Champions League, having been defeated in the final on four occasions.
The main sponsors of the club were the MKB Bank and the MVM Group.
In the summer of 2015, the MKB Bank decided to quit sponsoring after a 10 years interval.
Their main focus is now on the younger teams.
Currently the main sponsor is Magyar Telekom.
History.
Over the next three years, they won one silver and two bronze medals in the championship, two silver medals and one gold medal.
In 1985 and 1986, the team won the championship.
(Meanwhile, between May 2008 and October 2011, they did not lose a single league game.)
Crest, colours, supporters.
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsor.
Individual awards.
The Straw Hat Revue is a musical comedy revue with sketches mostly by Max Liebman and Samuel Locke, and music and lyrics by Sylvia Fine and James Shelton.
It was produced on Broadway in 1939.
Production.
"The Straw Hat Revue" started life as a 1939 summer theatre revue at Camp Tamiment, Bushkill, PA.
It was discovered by the Broadway producer, Harry Kaufman, and reorganized into a Broadway show produced by Mr. Kaufman and Messrs. Shubert (Lee and J.J.).
"The Straw Hat Revue" premiered on Broadway at the Ambassador Theatre on September 29, 1939, and closed on December 2, 1939, after 75 performances.
It was conceived and staged by Max Liebman with choreography by Jerome Andrews, and settings by Edward Gilbert.
The orchestra was under the direction of Edward A.
Hunt.
.
. a cheerful lark very much worth holding over into the felt hat season.
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.
Put it down as the first pleasant surprise of the season.
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.
White Belt Yellow Tag are a British alternative rock band, formed by former guitarist Justin Lockey and Craig Pilbin.
When performing live, Tom Bellamy (formerly of The Cooper Temple Clause) plays drums.
Talking about the project's name, Lockey said "To be honest naming a band is the worst thing in the world ever.
It's the hardest thing.
Trying to come up with a name that doesn't make you cringe when you say it out loud".
"It doesn't start with 'The' and end in 'S' which is a plus point - we like the name and I think it's the furthest I got in taekwondo when I was about seven."
Career.
Early years.
Malysh is a product of Dynamo Kyiv sportive school system, after the short period in the local Kovel youth school.
Defense of Shanghai.
He became a bodyguard to Sun Yat-sen and, in 1932, was promoted to general and Commander in Chief of the 19th Route Army, leading it in the successful defense of Shanghai against Japanese invasion in the January 28 incident.
Fujian Incident.
After the cease-fire was brokered, the 19th Army was reassigned by Chiang Kai-shek to suppress Chinese Communist insurrection in Fujian.
It won some battles against the Communists but then negotiated peace with them.
Jiang Guangnai joined an insurrection that, on 22 November 1933, established a new People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (), free from the control of Chiang's Nanjing government.
The new Fujian government was not supported by other warlords or by all elements of the communists and was quickly crushed by Chiang's armies in January 1934.
Jiang escaped with his family to Hong Kong and the rest of the army was disbanded and reassigned into other units of the National Revolutionary Army.
World War II.
During WWII from 1939 to 1944 he returned to become Deputy Commander in Chief of the 4th War Area and in 1945 Deputy Commander in Chief of the 7th War Area.
Later years.
After the Communist victory, Mao assigned Jiang to be Minister of Textiles of the new People's Republic of China from 1950.
Most high-ranking officials struggled with the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution.
Jiang, however, was saved by Zhou Enlai.
Zhou carefully and cleverly arranged for Jiang to join him and Mao Zedong on Tiananmen to inspect the Red Guards, some of whom had just stormed Jiang's home the previous day.
During the inspection Jiang was positioned almost next to Mao.
Zhou personally walked over to Jiang in front of the Red Guards, asking him how he was doing after the "visit" by the Red Guards the day before.
In front of Mao, Jiang was quick to reply that the Red Guards were still relatively civilized.
After that, they did not bother Jiang again.
He died in 1967 in Beijing.
Legacy.
Rudi Scholtz (born 23 February 1979) is a former Namibian cricketer.
Born in South Africa, he was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler.
Playing for the Namibia Under-19s, he performed in five matches in the 1998 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
Tom Csipkay is an American former professional tennis player.
Biography.
Csipkay, one of six siblings, grew up in Wyckoff, New Jersey.
His elder brother Bill played professionally and one of his sisters Mary Ann was the women's head coach at Indiana State for 11 years.
A New Jersey state champion, Csipkay played collegiate tennis for Indiana State, graduating in 1982.
On the professional tour he had a doubles semi-final appearance at the 1983 Head Classic in Stowe with brother Bill, beating fourth seeds Vijay Amritraj and John Fitzgerald en route.
Berry born in Bunowen, Louisburgh, County Mayo.
Through visiting his uncle Father Ned O'Malley, the parish priest in Carna, County Galway, he met and married Sarah Greene, a local woman.
They lived together in Carna and went on to have 11 children.
The column centered on tales he heard during his youth growing up in Mayo and described events from the Famine years such as the Doolough Tragedy.
In 1967, a collection of his stories was published as "Tales of the West of Ireland" by Gertrude M. Horgan of Aquinas College (Michigan).
Berry's Letters to the Editor of the Connaught Telegraph were published as columns in that newspaper during the latter part of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
Some of these 19th century letters advocated for the Irish peasantry and described the horrific abuses inflicted upon them by the Anglo-Irish landlord class.
He plays for FC Fakel Voronezh.
Club career.
He made his debut in the Russian Professional Football League for FC Spartak-2 Moscow on 22 August 2013 in a game against FC Zvezda Ryazan.
He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Fakel Voronezh on 7 July 2019 in a game against FC Torpedo Moscow.
The following is a list of children of King Mindon Min.
Vertical placement.
The following three chords are all C-major triads in root position with different voicings.
The first is in close position (the most compact voicing), while the second and third are in open position (that is, with wider spacing).
Many composers, as they developed and gained experience, became more enterprising and imaginative in their handling of chord voicing.
For example, the theme from the second movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's early Piano Sonata No.
32, Op.
William Kinderman finds it "extraordinary that this sensitive control of sonority is most evident in the works of Beethoven's last decade, when he was completely deaf, and could hear only in his imagination."
Another example of the later Beethoven's daring approach to voicing can be found in the second movement of his "Hammerklavier" Sonata, Op.
106.
Alan Walker draws attention to the quiet middle section of Chopin's Scherzo No.
1.
Four hands can cope better than two when it comes to playing widely spaced chords.
The two chords that open and close Igor Stravinsky's "Symphony of Psalms" have distinctive sonorities arising out of the voicing of the notes.
The first chord is sometimes called the "Psalms chord".
For example, "The Unanswered Question" by Charles Ives opens with strings playing a widely spaced G-major chord very softly, at the limits of audibility.
Doubling.
In a chord, a note that is duplicated in different octaves is said to be "doubled".
(The term "magadization" is also used for vocal doubling at the octave, especially in reference to early music.)
Doubling may also refer to a note or a melodic phrase that is duplicated at the same pitch, but played by different instruments.
Melodic doubling in parallel (also called "parallel harmony") is the addition of a rhythmically similar or exact melodic line or lines at a fixed interval above or below the melody to create parallel movement.
Octave doubling of a voice or pitch is a number of other voices duplicating the same part at the same pitch or at different octaves.
The doubling number of an octave is the number of individual voices assigned to each pitch within the chord.
For instance, in the opening of John Philip Sousa's "Washington Post March", the melody is "doubled" in four octaves.
For example, in m. 38 of the gigue from his "English Suite" No. 1 in A major, BWV 806, J.S.
Some pitch material may be described as "autonomous doubling" in which the part being doubled is not followed for more than a few measures often resulting in disjunct motion in the part that is doubling, for example, the trombone part in Mozart's "Don Giovanni".
Doubling in orchestration.
In unison.
Instrumental doubling plays a crucial role in orchestration.
Near the start of Schubert's Symphony No. 8 (the "Unfinished" Symphony), the oboe and clarinet play a theme together in unison, an "evocative and uncommon combination," "an embodiment of melancholy... over a nervous shimmer of semiquavers in the strings".
At the octave.
The opening theme of the last movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto No.
Drop voicings.
One nomenclature for describing certain classes of voicings is the "drop-n" terminology, such as "drop-2 voicings", "drop-4 voicings", etc. (sometimes spelled without hyphens).
This system views voicings as built from the top down (probably from horn-section arranging where the melody is a given).
The implicit, non-dropped, default voicing in this system has all voices in the same octave, with individual voices numbered from the top down.
The highest voice is the first voice or voice 1.
The second-highest voice is voice 2, etc.
This nomenclature doesn't provide a term for more than one voice on the same pitch.
A dropped voicing lowers one or more voices by an octave relative to the default state.
This nomenclature doesn't cover the dropping of voices by two or more octaves or having the same pitch in multiple octaves.
A drop-2 voicing lowers the second voice by an octave.
For example, a C-major triad has three "drop-2 voicings".
Reading down from the top voice, they are C E G, E G C, and G C E, which can be heard as the voicings supporting the first three melody notes (following the introductory phrase) of the "Super Mario Bros." video game theme.
While open chords are the most commonly employed voicings on the guitar and other fretted instruments for the volume and resonance they produce, the fingerings used for drop voicings on guitar are easily moved horizontally and vertically around the fingerboard, allowing more freedom for the guitarist to play chords in any key and in any area of the guitar's range, without the use of a capo.
This facilitates easily playing chord progressions featuring modulation or chromatic movement between keys.
Sources.
He played at representative level for Great Britain, and at club level for Oldham, as a .
Born in Barrow in Furness, Parker played rugby union while a student at Manchester University and captained both Manchester and the Lancashire representative team before turning professional with Oldham in August 1960.
During his rugby union career he made 24 appearances for Lancashire and was considered one of the best number eights in the country.
In a career with Oldham he captained the club to the semi-finals of the 1963-64 Challenge Cup and winning the second division championship in the same season.
Parker was capped twice for in 1964 playing in two victories against in March of that year.
Wallburg Realschule is a modern secondary school located in Eltmann, Germany, which is named after the local Wallburg castle ruins.
The school is located on a hillside overlooking Eltmann, the Wallburg and the Main river.
There are approximately 650 pupils and 40 teachers, who teach 23 different classes from Form 5 up to Form 10.
Pupils can play table tennis during breaks.
Wallburg Realschule has a very large gymnasium, a playground and even a big pond.
There is also a library especially for pupils, and an assembly hall which has a big stage for performances.
The Wallburg Realschule has three computer rooms and one laptop cart.
St Thomas Strikers FC (aka.
History.
The project was led by Kazimierz Studzinski, and in five months the car was designed and a chassis was complete.
The car was called the Lux-Sport (or L-S) and had a completely independent suspension and used very long torsion bars as springing elements.
The number of produced prototypes is not known, but at least one complete prototype, and one chassis for exhibitions were built.
Though the prototype did not survive the war, the chassis was found after the war on a scrapyard.
In 2008.
The Slovenes Kleemar, David, and Jernej joined the band rendering the group Croatian-Slovenian in its composition.
Early history.
As a duo, Lollobrigida performed for the first time at a bigger public concert in June 2003 in the student club KSET, as an opening band for German trash-style musician Mambo Kurt, attracting immediately a pronounced interest within Zagreb's underground-music audience.
In the original lineup there were Ida Prester and Natalija Dimicevski singing and playing bass-guitar on top of their computer-generated music matrix.
In June 2004 Lollobrigida performed at the third Zagreb Pride.
Lollobrigida's first single, "Party", was released in September 2004 soon becoming a pretty well-accepted hit, rendering the underground phenomenon into a name known to many, first in Croatia and latter on in the neighboring countries.
Sizeable covering in Croatian media, involving print, radio, and television, release of an anti-holiday single "Unhappy Christmas", and a performance at the big rock-concert Fiju Briju in Zagreb all enabled Lollobrigida to keep a high level of interest in the audience till the release of their debut album "Cartoon Explosion", in May 2005.
The girls have promoted the album in the club KSET again.
The introductory band at the latter concert was a hip-hop duo Bitcharke na travi from Serbia, Beograd.
VIS Lollobrigida.
In 2006 Lollobrigida transformed to some extent their musical and stage-performing concept.
Natalija left the band.
Several instrumentalists, playing keyboards, guitar and bass, joined the band adding a new sound quality to the electronic matrix background.
Unlike Ida, the band founder and the Lollobrigida constant, other band members were changing rather frequently.
The prefix VIS has been also added to the band name.
(A sort of sentimental homage to pop-rock music of socialistic times).
During that year Lollobrigida started working on their new album, 'Lollobrigida Incorporated', finally released in May 2008, following the promo-concert taken place in Zagreb club Tvornica.
In 2005 the single 'Bubblegum boy' was released.
Soon after, the accompanied video spot was broadcast by MTV Adria and many other local TV-networks.
In 2006 the band increased its popularity by releasing the single and video spot 'Moj decko je gay' (meaning 'My boyfriend is gay').
In 2008, a few months before a release of the new album, the single (and a video-spot) 'Miss Right and Mrs. Wrong' was launched, reaching the top positions on many Croatian musical top-lists.
In June 2009. the single and the video spot 'Volim te' was released reaching the top position on the 'Pure MTV Adria Chart list'.
The English version of the spot 'Volim te' was promoted on MTV Adria in November 2009.
In 2010.
In numerous interviews in Croatian media Ida Prester announced in 2011 work on the third band's album.
Immediately before its promotion the single 'Malo vremena' was released.
January 2012 at the concert held in the club Tvornica, Zagreb.
On 18.6.2012. single and the video 'Ja se resetiram' ('I'm resetting') was released, immediately attracting some international attention.
Musical style and performances.
Lyrics, music and stage performance appear to be equally important elements of the way that Lollobrigida band communicates with its audience.
By insisting on honesty, simplicity and originality Lollobrigida keeps distance from standard musical and textual stereotypes, choosing instead a sort of genre indeterminacy.
At variance with the latter elements, the perfection of their musical and vocal interpretations is not particularly cultivated.
Ida Prester authors the lyrics of all the songs being simultaneously, taking into account the whole opus up to now, a leading author of all music as well.
Since their start-up Lollobrigida was performing at numerous concerts in Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Hungary and Macedonia.
On 1 September 2009 MTV Adria nominated Lollobrigida for the Best Regional Act Award, together with four bands from Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia.
On basis of Internet voting Lollobrigida won the award, as announced on 12 October 2009.
The award was handed over to the band in the course of MTV Europe Music Awards 2009 show, which took place on 5 November 2009 in Berlin, Germany in O2 World hall.
Among their live performances one can especially single out a sequence of six well-accepted performances, from 2005 on, at EXIT (festival), Novi Sad, Serbia.
There, Lollobrigida became a sort of a trademark of the festival's 'Elektrana' Stage.
In 2009.
Lollobrigida performed for the first time at the 'Fusion' Stage of EXIT (festival) and in 2010., on 10 July, at the festival's 'Main Stage'.
In 2012. and 2013.,Lollobrigida kept with their shows at EXIT (festival),performing again on the Fusion Stage (2012.)
He began his career as a violinist for the orchestra of the Cairo Opera House and later lived in Jordan.
He studied in Moscow with the Russian violinist and conductor David Oistrakh and received a Ph.D. in music there in 1968.
Awad had a lot of influence on the music movement in Jordan and Egypt, he was the first one to compose an orchestral work for the Oud and the orchestra, which was dedicated to his student and close friend Seifed Din Abdoun.
Retail services specialist (RS) is a rating in the United States Navy.
They play a large role in maintaining the morale aboard a ship.
History.
The RS rating was established on October 1, 2019, with the renaming of the existing ship's serviceman (SH).
In April 1948, the four specialty ratings were merged into a single rating.
The rating abbreviation was changed to SH.
SHs specialized as barbers, cobblers, laundrymen, store clerks or tailors in pay grades E-3 and E-4.
Christopher Allen Jefferies (born February 13, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player.
He played for the Toronto Raptors and the Chicago Bulls in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
He played college basketball for the Arkansas Razorbacks and Fresno State Bulldogs.
College career.
Jeffries was named First Team All-Western Athletic Conference, All-Defensive Team and All-Newcomer Team as a sophomore at Fresno State University.
Also named WAC Newcomer of the Year by the conference media.
Jefferies had transferred from the Arkansas following his freshman year.
Professional career.
Selected in the first round (27th overall pick) of the 2002 NBA draft out of Fresno State by the Los Angeles Lakers, his draft rights were traded along with Lindsey Hunter to the Toronto Raptors for Tracy Murray and the draft rights to Kareem Rush.
In his short NBA career, Jefferies registered 72 games played, 12 game starts, and averaged 3.9 points and 1.2 rebounds per game.
The Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing (CEMC) is a Canadian educational organization dedicated to promoting and creating activities and materials in mathematics and computer science.
Founded in 1995 with origins dating back to the 1960s, it is housed within the Faculty of Mathematics at the University of Waterloo.
It runs off of funding from the University of Waterloo, Deloitte, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and other individual donors.
Its mission is to increase interest, enjoyment, confidence, and ability in mathematics and computer science among learners and educators.
The CEMC administers the Canadian Mathematics Competitions (CMC), written annually by over 200,000 students from around the world, as well as contests in computer science.
These competitions can be viewed as analogous to the structure of the American Regions Mathematics League.
Attaining a score high enough to be on the Student Honour Roll associated with the contests is one of the most highly-viewed STEM achievements for Canadian secondary school students.
The CEMC also holds other activities promoting mathematics in high school, such as math circles and teacher education programs.
Contests held.
The contests are listed by grade below.
Gauss.
The Gauss 7 and 8 contests (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss) are multiple-choice contests intended for grade 7 and 8 students respectively.
Calculators without Internet connectivity, graphing, computer algebra systems or dynamic geometry software are allowed.
The Gauss 7 is offered to all grade 7 students as well as being offered to interested students in lower grades.
Test includes material generally covered in the Ontario 7th grade curriculum, it focuses largely on geometry, number sense, and mathematical thinking.
Generally written by approximately 45000 students all over Canada, most from Ontario.
The Gauss 8 contest is offered to all grade 8 students as well as being offered to interested students in lower grades.
Test includes mostly the same material as the Gauss 7 with more emphasis on some algebra that is a part of the grade 8 curriculum.
Generally written by approximately 45000 students all over Canada, most from Ontario.
Students are given 60 minutes to complete the questions.
Starting in 2022, Part C questions are no longer multiple-choice and their answers are integers from 0 to 99, inclusive.
Each test covers material that is standard for each particular grade, and may be taken by students in lower grades.
The maximum score is 150 with an average score of around 100 for each contest.
Awards are given to some of the top scorers.
Calculators without Internet connectivity, graphing, computer algebra systems or dynamic geometry software are allowed.
Students are given 60 minutes to complete the questions.
Starting in 2022, Part C questions are no longer multiple-choice and their answers are integers from 0 to 99, inclusive.
The maximum score is 40.
Awards are given to some of the top scorers.
Calculators without Internet connectivity, graphing, computer algebra systems or dynamic geometry software are allowed.
The contest consists of four written questions each worth 10 points, some of which require only an answer and others requiring full solutions, ranging from easiest to hardest.
Students are given 75 minutes to complete the questions.
Euclid.
The Euclid contest (named after Euclid of Alexandria) is a contest for grade 12 students, but may be taken by students in lower grades.
The maximum score is 100.
Awards are given to some of the top scorers, and those who perform well are considered for scholarships.
Calculators without Internet connectivity, graphing, computer algebra systems or dynamic geometry software are allowed.
The contest consists of 10 written questions each worth 10 points, some of which require only an answer and others requiring full solutions.
Students are given 150 minutes to complete the questions.
Questions ascend in difficulty as the participant progresses through the contest, with question 1 being very easy to question 10 being very difficult.
The maximum score is 60.
Students are given 120 minutes to complete the questions.
Awards are given to some of the top scorers, and those who perform well on the CSMC are considered for scholarships.
Calculators without Internet connectivity, graphing, computer algebra systems or dynamic geometry software are allowed.
The content of the CIMC covers up to the grade 10 curriculum, while the content of the CSMC covers all of the standard Canadian maths curricula.
CCC.
The Canadian Computing Competition (CCC) is a programming competition, split into Junior (for elementary programming skills) and Senior (for higher programming skills).
There are 5 questions each worth 15 points, for a maximum score is 75, ranging from easy questions to difficult.
Students are given 180 minutes to complete the questions.
Knowledge of programming is tested, with the more difficult content being advanced algorithm design and mathematical reasoning.
All written programs have a 3 second time limit and a maximum of 512 MB of memory.
While access to the Internet is allowed (for accessing documentation), the use of other material (such as Google, chat systems, forums, and any other form of communication) is forbidden.
Calculators are permitted.
The top 20 or so participants are invited to write the Canadian Computing Olympiad (CCO) at the University of Waterloo.
Betini is a village development committee in the Bagmati Rural Municipality of Makwanpur District in the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
Joan Dye Gussow (born 1928) is an American professor, author, food policy expert, environmentalist and gardener.
The "New York Times" has called her the "matriarch of the eat-locally-think-globally food movement."
Biography.
Born in 1928 in Alhambra, California, Gussow grew up in a California landscape dominated by clear skies, orange groves, peach orchards and lines of eucalyptus trees.
She graduated from Pomona College in Claremont, California in 1950, with a BA (pre-medical) and moved east to New York City.
Gussow spent seven years as a researcher at Time Magazine and five years as a suburban wife and mother.
D. in Nutrition Education from Columbia's Teachers College.
Shortly after graduating, she was hired by Teachers College to become the chair of the nutrition department, creating the legendary course, Nutritional Ecology.
In 1971, she testified in front of a Congressional Committee about the poor quality of the foods advertised to children on television.
Her testimony was also published in the Journal of Nutrition Education scandalizing significant portions of her chosen profession.
She has served in a number of capacities for various public, private, and governmental organizations, including chairing the Boards of the National Gardening Association, the Society for Nutrition Education, the Jesse Smith Noyes Foundation, Rockland Farm Alliance and Just Food, serving two terms on the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences, a term on the FDA's Food Advisory Committee and a term on the National Organic Standards Board.
Joan Dye Gussow, EdD, is the first Mary Swartz Rose Professor emerita and former chair of the Nutrition Education Program at Teachers College, Columbia University, where she has been a long-time analyst and critic of the U.S. food system.
This manifesto has also made her one of the most influential people in food thinking.
She has influenced the likes of Barbara Kingsolver, Michael Pollan, and Marion Nestle.
In addition to her books, she has also produced a variety of articles on food-related topics.
Gussow currently lives, writes, and grows organic vegetables on the west bank of the Hudson River.
Rhodopina tubericollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1943.
Karen Rae Tallian (born December 2, 1950) is an American politician and attorney who served as a member of the Indiana Senate for the 4th district from December 2005 through October 2021.
She was re-elected in 2006, 2010 and 2014.
While serving in the Senate, Tallian, a progressive, has supported medicinal prescription and the decriminalization of marijuana, and has authored bills in its favor.
In 2015, she announced her candidacy for governor of Indiana but dropped out that same year, well before the primary season.
Tallian was also a candidate for the Democratic Party nomination for Indiana Attorney General in 2020, but lost the nomination to Jonathan Weinzapfel.
Expressing frustration with the way the Republican majority ran the Indiana legislature, Tallian retired in mid-term at the end of October, 2021.
Early life and education.
She was born in the farming community of Streator, Illinois, where her father was also born and where he traded antiques and was an auctioneer.
Tallian earned her B.A. from Valparaiso University in 1990.
She was admitted to the Indiana State Bar in 1990.
Career.
In 1993, she became an attorney for Bruce Clark and Associates.
As an attorney, she has represented the Portage Township Trustees, Portage Fire Department Merit Board, Porter County Plan Commission, and Board of Zoning Appeals.
She also was an adjunct instructor for Valparaiso University Law School.
Early political career.
Tallian began her public service career by serving on the boards of various agencies in Porter County.
She served as president and board member of the Portage Parks Foundation, president of the Porter County League of Women Voters, and director of the State Board of the League of Women Voters.
As president of the Portage Parks Foundation in 2003, Tallian initiated the acquisition of Brennan Woods near the Salt Creek.
Tallian first ran for town council in Ogden Dunes in 1991, but lost to the Republican candidate Trusten Lee, a dentist.
She previously ran for the bench on the Porter County Superior Court in 2000, but lost to incumbent Judge Jeffrey Thode.
State Senator, District 4, 2005.
Tallian first joined the State Senate in December 2005 as a replacement for Sen. Rose Ann Antich-Carr, D-Merrillville, who stepped down after 15 years to become Clerk Treasurer of her city.
Tallian represents District 4, D-Portage, which includes portions of Porter and LaPorte counties.
Larry Chubb, an opponent of hers in the caucus who had previously opposed Antich-Carr in a primary, did not successfully complete the paperwork and was disqualified.
State Senator, District 4, 2006.
Incumbent Democratic candidate Tallian won her first re-election on November 7, 2006, to the Indiana State Senate District 4.
She received 19,431 votes to beat her Republican opponent Dale Brewer, the Porter County Clerk, who received 11,622 votes.
Tallian's first opponent Paul Childress, who won the Republican primary, dropped out in August, and Brewer was the late entrant.
Brewer attacked Tallian for non-payment of her property tax.
Tallian claimed it was a mistake that her mortgage payments and tax payments were not bundled, but once she noticed it, she settled her account.
Another issue throughout the campaign was Tallian's opposition to the solution of Governor Mitch Daniels to lease toll roads for 75 years in order to fund his Major Moves program, which other state Democrats also opposed.
Brewer supported Daniels.
State Senator, District 4, 2010.
During the general election on November 2, Tallian defeated Republican Shawn Olson, receiving 3,031 more votes.
She ran unopposed in the May 4 Democratic primary.
Olson campaigned with Indiana State Senator Mike Delph (R-Carmel) at a Tea Party rally to advocate for state action against illegal immigration similar to Arizona's controversial legislation.
Candidate Tallian accepted endorsements from the Indiana Manufacturers Association, the Indiana Farm Bureau's political action group and several unions.
State Senator, District 4, 2014.
In 2014, Tallian ran unchallenged in the Indiana primary election on May 6, 2014, receiving 3958 votes.
She went unopposed in the general election on November 4.
2016 Indiana gubernatorial election.
On May 12, 2015, Tallian officially announced she would seek the Democratic Party's nomination for governor in 2016.
She said she decided to run for governor to restore the "balance of power" to the state government, which has been dominated by Republicans.
On August 17, 2015, Tallian announced that she would drop out of the race and continue to serve as state senator.
While in the running, she could not raise the amount of money or get the support from unions that she needed to mount her campaign.
Personal life.
She has lived in Ogden Dunes, Indiana since 1973 and was married to Robert Patrick Tallian.
She attended law school while raising her three children.
Tallian was divorced in 1990.
Her son Mike is a Portage, Indiana firefighter and medic.
Her son Chris works in Chicago and attends school.
Her daughter Aimee is working in Montana for the National Park Service.
Tallian suffered a heart attack in 2013.
Committee assignments.
Tallian is the ranking minority member of the Indiana Senate Appropriations Committee that sets the state's biennial budget.
Her majority counterpart was Indiana State Senator Luke Kenley (R-Noblesville).
This position gives Tallian a visible role in the state and in the northwest delegation.
Tallian has criticized the Republican-controlled budget for holding the allotted funding for education steady over a decade, even as the population of students has grown from 1 million to 1.1 million students.
The Republican majority has blocked all of her attempts to amend the budget to provide more funding for schools in poorer districts.
Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 2015.
Tallian joined nine other Democrats in the Indiana Senate and the Democrats in the House and voted against the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana SB 101), but the legislation passed on primarily Republican support and on Governor Mike Pence's signature into law.
At the time, Governor Pence said, "This bill is not about discrimination."
After a barrage of national criticism, threats of boycotts from around the US, and visible opposition from business leaders across Indiana, the Republicans in both chambers voted on a "fix" that would not allow LGBTQ discrimination but would also not grant them recognition under the Indiana Civil Rights Code.
Tallian voted against the fix because it didn't offer enough protections for LGBTQ citizens.
The Senate Democrats have been working on amending the Indiana Civil Rights Code to include LGBTQ protections.
Minimum wage increase, 2015.
The latter figure is similar to the proposal in the U.S. Congress, known as Minimum Wage Fairness Act.
She introduced legislation (SB 41) during the 2015 legislative session.
She said, "Someone has to say that we need this.
Someone has to speak for the people who otherwise have no voice.
We're losing ground compared to other states on our median income."
This amendment was defeated.
Right to work, 2012.
Governor Mitch Daniels signed right to work legislation, which prohibits unions from collective bargaining based on a membership that must pay mandatory dues, into law on 1 February 2012, over the objections of both unions and Senate and House Democrats.
She argued that the legislation would lead to lower wages and that the promised favorable atmosphere for business lacked evidence.
She voted against the legislation in committee.
The Republican-controlled Indiana House and Senate both passed versions of the right to work legislation.
Without the necessary votes to block the Republicans in either chamber, the House Democrats temporarily halted the effort by staging a boycott and preventing the chamber from getting a quorum, beginning on January 4, 2012.
This tactic ended after fines were levied against absent House legislators.
The Democrats in the Senate did not have enough members to use this same tactic.
Immediately after the Senate's vote on the final legislation without changes, Daniels signed the legislation into law.
Marijuana.
"Nuvo Newsweekly" dubbed Karen Tallian "The Pot Legislator".
She has backed both the decriminalization of marijuana and allowing doctors to prescribe it as a legal form of pain medication.
Her case was bolstered by the support of Indiana State Senator Brent Steele (R-Bedford) but he dropped his support after states like California and Colorado adopted their own laws, because he believed the debate had changed and those states' legislation would strengthen opposition in Indiana.
Tallian has continued to push for allowing doctors to prescribe it.
She has allied with Indiana State Representative Linda Lawson (D-Hammond) on the issue.
Governor Mitch Daniels initiated the program to expand and improve highway infrastructure in Indiana by providing a controversial funding mechanism.
Tallian was the first to argue that the Governor's original plan gave the executive branch additional authority to privatize public transport assets, such as ports, railroads, and highways and bridges, which was then was removed from the legislation and later narrowed to highways.
Another charge that Tallian leveled against the Major Moves program was that it bypassed normal bidding processes in favor of direct negotiation.
The Focke-Wulf Ta 400 was a large six-engined heavy bomber design developed in Nazi Germany in 1943 by Focke-Wulf as a serious contender for the Amerikabomber project.
One of the first aircraft to be developed from components from multiple countries, it was also one of the most advanced Focke-Wulf designs of World War II, though it never progressed beyond a wind tunnel model.
One of the most striking features were the six BMW 801D radial engines, to which two Jumo 004 jet engines were later added.
Design and development.
In response to the RLM guidelines of 22 January 1942, Kurt Tank of the Focke-Wulf company designed the Ta 400 as a bomber and long-range reconnaissance aircraft, to be powered by six BMW 801D radial engines, to which two Jumo 004 jet engines were later added.
It had twin vertical stabilizers mounted at the tips of the tailplane.
Like the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the Ta 400 was to have a pressurized crew compartment and tail turret, connected by pressurized tunnel, as well as multiple remote-controlled turrets.
Fuel supply was to have distributed across 32 fuel tanks.
Another design feature was tricycle landing gear.
The maximum bomb load was to have been .
With a gross weight of , the Ta 400 with DB 603 engines was estimated to have a range of in the reconnaissance role, cruising at .
The two bomber versions would have and gross weights with estimated ranges of and respectively.
The projected Jumo-powered aircraft would have had a maximum range of for long range reconnaissance and as a bomber.
As with the Heinkel He 277 competitor for the "Amerikabomber" contract, no prototype of the Ta 400 was ever built.
It never progressed beyond a wind tunnel model, and performance, range and dimensions here are based solely on the designers' estimates.
The master aircraft designer Ernst Heinkel himself remarked in October 1943, while both designs were still being worked on, that he thought that only the Ta 400 could be a worthy competitor to his firm's He 277, for the Amerika Bomber competition.
Career.
Werner Schwier made a name for himself in silent films on German television.
On 14 May 1961 to September 1965, he presented 65 episodes of Hessischer Rundfunk and produced the series "Es darf gelacht werden" (It is permitted to laugh).
The show was a 45 minutes long evening program of the ARD.
During the broadcast, three complete short films would be shown.
He also had two silent film stars on the show as guests, Buster Keaton in 1962 and Harold Lloyd in 1963.
Before each short film, he would say "I present now, the symbol---assuming the operator approves. ", this was followed by a flying bowler hat on screen, to mark the start of the show.
Silent films played only a role on Schwier's afternoon show, which showed only the funny material of the era of silent films.
He obtained, with the show, viewers ratings over 80 percent.
After the decline of silent films, Schwier also worked as a supporting actor in films, such as "Es" (1966), ' (1967), ' (1968) or "" (1979).
Early life.
He was educated at the Galatasaray College, Istanbul.
On that occasion, his mother divorced by his father and chose to stay in Istanbul, where she remarried.
Personal life.
She was born in Beirut, Lebanon in 1911.
She was of Lebanese Maronite descent.
They married in 1930 in Beirut, and she converted to Islam after her marriage.
Failing to receive his father's approval for the marriage, the couple settled in Damascus, Syria.
In later years, she settled in Istanbul with her son Harun, where she died on 4 August 1981.
Later life and death.
In 1932 he left Damascus to become active in the independence movements of Uyghurs in China's Xinjiang, also called East Turkestan at the time.
In 1933, he was invited to Japan by their government, presumably with an eye towards leveraging his status as the Ottoman pretender to aid the Japanese Empire in outreach to Central Asian Muslims in conflict with the Soviet Union.
He was found dead in a hotel room on 3 August 1935.
Kozlov () is a municipality and village in Olomouc District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.
It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts.
The village of Slavkov is an administrative part of Kozlov.
History.
The first written mention of Kozlov is from 1324.
Saagaromyces is a genus of fungi in the family Halosphaeriaceae.
The 1914 New York Yankees season was the club's twelfth.
Player stats.
Batting.
Starters by position.
The following is a list of mayors of the city of Kremenchuk, Ukraine.
The tailplane could be mounted either on top of the fin ("T-tail") or below the fuselage.
Design and development.
A technical dispute arose between the Royal Aircraft Establishment and the English Electric Company (EEC) as to the optimum configuration for the company's proposed supersonic fighter.
A single-seat, mid-winged research machine was built to investigate the low speed handling of the possible configurations.
The same basic configuration of the P.1 was incorporated into a simpler testbed that had a fixed undercarriage.
Since the SB5 was to test the low-speed flight characteristics, there was no requirement for the undercarriage to be retractable.
The contract was awarded to Short Brothers and Harland Ltd of Belfast on 2 August 1950.
The sweep adjustment of the wings was made when the aircraft was on the ground.
Two different tail plane positions (a) low on the rear fuselage and (b) on top of the fin, were also tested.
"The complete rear fuselage, just aft of the engine, was detachable and two alternative rear fuselages were available, one with the tailplane set on top of the fin and the other with the tailplane set below the fuselage.
The tailplane angle was adjustable in flight, being electrically actuated."
There was then no flight experience with wings of this amount of sweepback.
Operational testing.
Testing was conducted with increasing degrees of sweep and with the tailplane in both of its two possible positions.
In 1953, he gave an impressive display of the SB5's maneuverability and speed at the Society of British Aircraft Constructors Air Display at Farnborough.
Testing with the lower tailplane position commenced in January 1954, so that flight-test feedback could be made available prior to the first flight of the P.1.
It was eventually determined that the "T-tail" configuration was unsatisfactory.
The experience gained with the SB5 validated the wing-sweep and low tailplane configuration adopted for the P.1, which was to become the English Electric Lightning.
In January 1954, the low tail rear fuselage was fitted and tests continued for a further two years and proved that the EEC configuration was correct.
After completion of its test programme, the SB5 eventually joined the fleet of the Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS) at Farnborough in 1967, as is evidenced by the ETPS 25th Anniversary brochure in 1968.
The Empire Test Pilots School flew the machine to give students experience in flight-testing "slender" aircraft.
The SB.5 is now on display in the RAF Museum, Cosford in Shropshire (with both of its tails).
His most important work is a Turkish commentary on Ulugh Beg's "Zij".
Andrea Rothfuss (born 20 October 1989) is a German para-alpine skier.
Career.
She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.
She was the first skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and the slalom race.
She was the second skier to finish in the Super Combined.
Soo-jung, also spelled Soo-jeong, or Su-jeong, Su-jung, Su-jong, is a Korean feminine given name.
The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name.
Tranopelta is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae.
Distribution.
The genus is restricted to the Neotropical region, where the ants nest in soil or in the leaf litter.
 was a town located in Yamato District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
Reynolds Store is an unincorporated community in northern Frederick County, Virginia.
Reynolds Store is located along the North Frederick Pike (U.S. Route 522) at its crossroads with Cumberland Trail Road (VA 694) and Reynolds Road.
His special subjects are market-oriented management, customer relationship management and sales management.
Furthermore, from 2006 until the 2010, Homburg was the exclusive managing director of the Mannheim Business School.
Biography.
Homburg was born in Gomadingen, Germany in 1962.
He studied business administration, economics and mathematics at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ("KIT", formerly known as Technical University of Karlsruhe) and completed his master's degree in 1986.
He received his doctorate (Ph.D) in 1988 and habilitated at the University of Mainz in 1995.
Prior to his academic career Homburg was director of marketing, controlling and strategic planning at KSB AG.
Homburg has published numerous books and articles at both national and international level.
He is member of the editorial boards of six scientific journals in the United States and Germany.
Since April 2011 he operates as the first German area editor for the Journal of Marketing.
Homburg received several awards for his scientific research from the American Marketing Association.
From the December 2006 until November 2010, Homburg was managing director of the Mannheim Business School.
Honours.
In March 2006, the Copenhagen Business School awarded Homburg the honorary doctor and in July 2008 he received his second honorary doctor from the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology.
Since the end of 2007 he is Professorial Fellow at the Department of Management and Marketing at the University of Melbourne.
Personal life.
Arrowsmith Bank is a submerged bank in Mexico.
Geography.
The bank is an underwater area that is wholly submerged.
He was convicted by both Soviet and West German courts for murders committed during his concentration camp service.
Eccarius was born in Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Conviction by Soviet tribunal.
Eccarius was arrested by the British and then handed over to the Soviet authorities.
He was tried in 1947 by a Soviets tribunal at the Berlin Pankow city hall along with another SS guard and Sachsenhausen record keeper, Gustav Sorge, the last Sachsenhausen commandant, Anton Kaindl, eleven other SS commanders, one civil servant and two prisoner Kapos including Paul Sakowski, who served as the crematorium foreman and camp hangman from 1941 to 1943.
Eccarius was found guilty on 31 October 1947 and was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Vorkuta forced labour camp in the Gulag.
He served nine years before being repatriated to West Germany in 1956.
Criminal convictions in West Germany.
Upon arrival in West Germany, Eccarius initially received amnesty.
In 1962, he was indicted for the shooting of prisoners near Wittstock, Germany, while on a death march from Sachsenhausen north-west to Crivitz, Germany.
This march began on 21 April 1945, one day before the camp was liberated by the Soviet Army.
He was found guilty on 30 November 1962, in the Federal District Court in Coburg, West Germany and sentenced to four years.
Additional criminal charges were filed against Eccarius in 1962 for complicity in the killing of over 13,000 Soviet prisoners in the "Genickschussanlage" (neck shooting facility) in 1941.
The trial was held in the Federal District Court of Munich, where he was found guilty and sentenced to eight and a half years' imprisonment on 22 December 1969.
He was released after serving two years.
Cotton diplomacy refers to the diplomatic methods used by the Confederacy during the American Civil War to coerce Great Britain and France to support the Confederate war effort by implementing a cotton trade embargo against Britain and the rest of Europe.
The Confederacy believed that both Britain and France, who before the war depended heavily on Southern cotton for textile manufacturing, would support the Confederate war effort if the cotton trade were restricted.
Ultimately, cotton diplomacy did not work in favor of the Confederacy.
In fact, the cotton embargo transformed into a self-embargo which restricted the Confederate economy.
Ultimately, the growth in the demand for cotton that fueled the antebellum economy did not continue.
Background.
Until the American Civil War, cotton was the South's primary form of production.
The Southern economy heavily relied on the continual growth and production of cotton.
Southern cotton, also referred to as King Cotton, dominated the global cotton supply.
By the late 1850s, Southern cotton had accounted for 77 percent of the 800 million pounds of cotton consumed in Britain, 90 percent of the 192 million pounds used in France, 60 percent of the 115 million pounds spun in the German Zollverein, and as much as 92 percent of 102 million pounds manufactured in Russia.
History.
On April 16, 1861, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln ordered a blockade of Confederate ports to weaken the Confederacy's economy.
Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his cabinet realized the Confederates could not compete economically with the Union because cotton exports served as the primary economic driver of the Confederate economy.
The blockade restricted naval and merchant access to Confederate ports.
It proved highly effective, decreasing cotton "exports to Europe from 3.8 million bales in 1860 to virtual nothing in 1862", and eventually stagnating the Confederacy's economy.
By late 1861 the Confederate Congress believed that the best way to remove the Union blockade was through cotton diplomacy, or a cotton embargo.
In doing so, the Confederacy hoped to gain valuable allies to fight alongside them during the Civil War, or to generate enough profit from cotton to sustain the war effort.
In 1860, Europe consumed 3,759,480 bales of American cotton and held 584,280 bales of American cotton in reserve, compared to a mere 474,440 bales of East Indian cotton consumed by Europe and Britain.
Britain accounted for 366,329 bales of American cotton in reserve of the 584,280 bales across all of Europe.
Davis and the Confederacy believed "King Cottons" dominance of the global cotton supply would force Britain and France to support the Confederate war effort in order to access cotton.
Davis' intuition proved true insofar as many manufacturers in Liverpool and Manchester demanded "government recognition of the Confederacy", while in France "delegations of cotton merchants and manufacturers converged on Paris to press the government to help make U.S. cotton accessible again .
.
. and pleaded with Napoleon to recognize the Confederacy and to bring the blockade to an end".
The cotton embargo contributed to a cotton famine in Lancashire and to a sharp drop in cotton supply from 1861 to 1862, decreasing the consumption and stock of American cotton in Britain and Europe from 3,039,350 bales to 337,700 bales and from 477,263 bales to 67,540 bales, respectively.
However, Britain and France remained determined to maintain neutrality in the American Civil War.
London worried about "the fate of its Canadian provinces, and its growing dependence on wheat and corn imports from the United States".
Continental Europe "had an interest in maintaining a strong United States to balance British economic and military power".
Britain and continental Europe found other cotton supplies and in 1862 began importing cotton from Egypt and from the East Indies.
Consumption of East Indian cotton increased from 742,390 bales to 1,034,865 bales and the stock decreased from 372,130 bales to 316,590 bales to help alleviate the cotton shortage.
In 1865 the consumption of East Indian cotton increased by 400,000 bales, indicating a decisive and forced substitution of cotton suppliers to Europe and Britain.
However, this did not recover all the deficit of American cotton.
The Hit Factory is a recording studio in New York City owned and operated by Troy Germano.
History.
On March 6, 1975, Edward Germano, a singer, record producer, and one of the principal owners of the Record Plant Studios New York, purchased The Hit Factory from Jerry Ragavoy.
At that time The Hit Factory studios were located at 353 West 48th Street and consisted of two studios, A2 and A6.
Eventually, a third studio, A5, was added.
These studios were active from 1975 to 1981.
Germano incorporated The Hit Factory into a business, redesigned its studios, and created the logo it uses to this day.
In 1981, The Hit Factory moved to a new location at 237 West 54th Street, across the street from Studio 54.
In 1987, Germano opened another location, The Hit Factory Times Square, at 130 West 42nd Street.
Previously known as Chelsea Sound, the studios were redesigned by Ed and Troy Germano.
This facility had two recording studios, Studio C and Studio B, as well as three mastering rooms under the moniker The Hit Factory DMS, for digital mastering studios.
The mastering rooms were for engineers Herb Powers Jr., Chris Gehringer, and Tom Coyne.
The Times Square recording and mastering studios existed until 1992.
Albums of historical importance recorded or mixed at this location include "Freedom" by Neil Young, "Foreign Affair" by Tina Turner, "Down with the King" by Run-DMC, "Don't Sweat the Technique" by Eric B.
In 1991, Ed Germano acquired a 100,000-square-foot building at 421 West 54th Street.
It opened in 1993 as simply The Hit Factory.
Ed and Troy designed and built this facility with David Bell, Derek Buckingham, Alan Cundell of White Mark Limited and Neil Grant of Harris Grant Associates UK.
Studio 1 was built for orchestral recordings that could accommodate up to 140 musicians.
In 2002, Troy Germano consolidated the New York City operations into this building.
From 1989 to 1993, the company also operated The Hit Factory London.
In 1989, Ed and Troy, in a joint venture with "Sony Music UK", took control of CBS Studios on Whitfield Street in Soho, London.
They redesigned the facility and reopened at the beginning of 1990 with the Rolling Stones working on their album "Flashpoint".
Sade recorded her album "Love Deluxe" in Studio 2 and Alison Moyet recorded her album, "Hoodoo" in Studio 3.
Studio 1 was designed for orchestral recording and could accommodate 100 piece orchestra.
The film score for Basic Instinct, by composer Jerry Goldsmith, was recorded here.
The Hit Factory London remained through 1993 until the Germano's sold their interests back to Sony Music ending the partnership and retaining The Hit Factory name and trademark.
This facility later became Sony's Whitfield Street Studio.
In 1998, Ed and Troy purchased Criteria Recording in Miami, Florida, revamping and reopening the studios under the new name The Hit Factory Criteria Miami.
In 2012, the Germanos sold the studio as Criteria Recording Studios and retained The Hit Factory name, logo and trademark.
Edward Germano died in 2003 and The Hit Factory closed its main headquarters in 2005.
Contrary to reports in the media that the studios in New York City were shuttered due to the advancement of home digital recording, the building at 421 West 54th was sold for estate planning purposes.
In 2008, Troy Germano, completed Germano Studios in Noho.
Germano Studios changed its name to The Hit Factory in 2023 and is now the only "The Hit Factory" recording studio in the world.
Notable albums recorded at this location include "Jose" by J Balvin, "Crosseyed Heart" by Keith Richards, "Manana Sera Bonito" by Karol G, "Astroworld" by Travis Scott, "Hollywood's Bleeding" by Post Malone, "That's What They All Say" by Jack Harlow, "DAMN."
Locations.
The studios occupied several spaces in and around Midtown West, Times Square and Noho.
Public awareness of The Hit Factory increased after the death of John Lennon on December 8, 1980.
Lennon had recorded his final album at The Hit Factory at 353 West 48th Street, a fact mentioned in some newspaper accounts of the murder.
There are contradictory reports as to whether he was recording and mixing at The Hit Factory or the nearby Record Plant on the day he was murdered.
Most publications give the Record Plant as the location, as do producer Jack Douglas and others who were with Lennon that day.
He also writes that Lennon had been at the studio the previous few days working on and mixing tracks for Yoko Ono.
Equipment.
1975-1981.
The Hit Factory's original facility at 353 West 48th Street used a mixture of recording equipment.
Consoles included a Neve 8068 32 channel console with Necam 1 moving fader automation, a Custom API 32 input console without automation, an MCI JH-500 36 channel console with "MCI" automation, and an MCI JH-636 36 channel console with MCI automation.
Initially, there were a pair of Gonzalez custom analog multi-channel desks.
The outboard gear was a combination of numerous custom pieces from that period plus Eventide, Neve, Lang, Teletronix, Universal, Pultec, Orban, Kepex, EMT, Fairchild and API.
The monitoring was a combination of Westlake, Hidley, Altec, UREI and Auratone.
Microphones were Neumann, AKG, Sennheiser, Sony, Norelco, Shure, and Electrovoice.
Vocals were recorded primarily with a Neumann U87 or an AKG C414.
The studios also had EMT 140 plates, Cooper Time Cubes and Spring reverbs.
1981-2002.
There were a mixture of desks between the locations as the consoles moved between the seven studios.
An MCI JH-636 36 channel console with MCI automation in Studio A2 ("moved from West 48th Street").
A Custom API 32 input console without automation in Studio A3 ("moved from West 48th Street").
A Solid State Logic 4000 SL64 E Series 64 channel console in Studio M1 and a Solid State Logic 6000 SL72 E Series console in Studio M1.
The outboard gear was a combination of AMS, Quantek, Eventide, Publison, Lexicon, Universal Audio, Teletronix, Tube-Tech, Pultec, GML, SSL, Neve, API, EMT, Apogee, Focusrite, Manley and Avalon.
The monitoring was a combination of UREI, Quested, Tannoy, Augspurger, Yamaha, Auratone, Westlake, Genelec, Meyer, Altec, and David's.
1993-2005.
These years focus solely on the main headquarters at 421 West 54th Street, just known as The Hit Factory which had seven studios.
The consoles consisted of a Neve 8068 72 channel console with Flying Faders in Studio 2 ("this was a combination of custom joining of an original Neve 8068 32" "and a Neve 8068 40").
Also a Neve VR 72 channel console with Flying Faders in Studio 1, a Neve VRSP 72 channel console with Flying Faders in Studio 1, and a Solid State Logic 9000 J Series 9080 80 channel console in Studio 1.
In Studio 4 there was a Solid State Logic 4000 SL96 E Series 96 channel console, followed by a Solid State Logic AXIOM 80 channel digital console in Studio 4, and then a Solid State Logic 9000 J Series 9080 80 channel console.
There was a Sony Oxford digital console in Studio 5, followed by a Euphonix System 5 digital console.
A Solid State Logic K Series 9080 80 channel console was in Studio 6 and a Solid State Logic K Series 9080 80 channel console was in Studio 7.
Digidesign Pro Tools systems were introduced as part of the new hard disk recorders for all of the studios as of 2000.
The monitoring systems changed from Boxers to Augspurgers then back to the newest Boxer T5 monitors as well as a selection of Yamaha, Genelec, ProAcs, Auratones, Dynaudio and Mastering Lab for the near field speakers.
The outboard gear included AMS, AMS Neve, Lexicon, Eventide, API, Focusrite, SSL, Avalon, Manley, Weiss, Tube-Tech, Pultec, Universal Audio, Teletronix, GML, EMT and Quantek.
1989-1993.
The Hit Factory London was located on Whitfield Street in Soho London.
The Hit Factory in New York's Noho consists of two studios.
The consoles are a pair of Solid State Logic Duality Delta 48 channel consoles for recording and mixing in Studio 1 and Studio 2.
There are no longer any tape recorders, analog or digital, available at the studios in 2020.
The monitoring systems are custom Exigy S412G monitors with custom dual 18" subwoofers in each of the control rooms.
The outboard gear is an arsenal of selected pieces from Neve, API, Chandler, Retro Instruments, Lavry, Bricasti, AMS, Focusrite, Universal Audio, Tube-Tech, Moog, Heritage Audio, Empirical Labs, Black Lion, SSL.
It is mainly used to refer to Block 14 and 15 of Federal B Area, Karachi.
There are several ethnic groups in Dastagir including Muhajirs, Punjabis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras and Ismailis.
Allahabad UP Gramin Bank is a regional rural bank (RRB) in Uttar Pradesh, India.
The bank was established in 2010 with the amalgamation of the erstwhile "Lucknow Kshetriya Gramin Bank" and "Sitapur and Triveni Kshetriya Gramin Bank", Orai.
It is sponsored by Allahabad Bank.
It was created under Gazette Notification of 2 March 2010 issued by the Indian Ministry of Finance under Sub-Section (1) of Section 23 A of the Regional Rural Bank Act, 1976 (21 of 1976).
The Lindsey State Jail (formally the John R Lindsey State Jail) is a privately operated minimum- and medium-security prison for men located in Jacksboro, Jack County, Texas.
The facility is operated by Corrections Corporation of America under contract with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and houses state inmates.
De Gregorio, DeGregorio, Di Gregorio and DiGregorio are surnames.
Makhdoom Ahmed Mehmood () is a Pakistani businessman and politician who is the chairman of JDW Group.
Belonging from Jamal Din Wali Tehsil Sadiqabad of District Rahim Yar Khan, in Punjab.
He was also elected to Punjab Assembly on PML-N ticket from 1988 to 1990, and on PML-F ticket from 2008 to 2012.
He remained District Nazim Rahim Yar Khan from 2001 to 2005.
In the end of 2012 he left PML-F and joined PPP on desire of then President Asif Ali Zardari who had declared him Governor-designate of Punjab.
Before joining the Peoples Party, he was part of the Muslim League-F, but joined the Peoples Party after settling for the governorship.
He left PML-F and became Governor Punjab.
Presently, he is the president of PPP South Punjab chapter.
Political career.
On 25 December 2012, he took oath as 29th Governor of Punjab.
Dar El Tarbiah was the first English-language instruction medium institution founded by Egyptians.
It provides education in the Kindergarten and Grades 1 to 12 (In the Kindergarten and Grades 1 to 6, the school is called 'Baby Home School').
The institution currently includes seven schools in Cairo and is one of the first educational institutions in Egypt.
It has national, international, American and I.G.C.S.E.
(British) sections.
I.G.C.S.E.
(British) section.
Agouza.
Dar elTarbiah I.G.C.S.E.
Agouza was established in 1990 with grades 10 to 12.
This is a list of nominated candidates for the Green Party of Canada in the 2015 Canadian federal election.
Greenvale (historically known as Bull's Head, Cedar Swamp, and North Roslyn) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States.
It is considered part of the Greater Roslyn area, which is anchored by the Incorporated Village of Roslyn.
The population was 1,069 at the time of the 2020 census.
History.
Located between Roslyn and Brookville, the Greenvale station is known as the Long Island Rail Road stop for the C.W.
Post Campus of Long Island University and the New York Institute of Technology.
While LIU Post is located to the east in Brookville, it uses the Greenvale, NY 11548 ZIP Code and the Greenvale Post Office.
While many residential areas in the hamlet were developed prior to the Second World War, the 1940s and 1950s saw the development of the area adjacent to the Roslyn Cemetery and the Long Island Rail Road tracks (including Park Avenue and Wellington Road).
Geography.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Greenvale is located mainly within the Town of North Hempstead, while a small portion is located in the Town of Oyster Bay.
Drainage.
Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,231 people, 362 households, and 254 families residing in the CDP.
The population density was .
There were 372 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.22.
The median age was 22 years.
For every 100 females, there were 79.9 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.
Government.
Town representation.
Representation in higher government.
Nassau County representation.
New York State representation.
New York State Assembly.
New York State Senate.
Federal representation.
United States Congress.
Greenvale is located within New York's 3rd congressional district, which as of July 2023 is represented in the United States Congress by George A. Santos (R).
United States Senate.
Like the rest of New York, Greenvale is represented in the United States Senate by Charles Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).
Education.
Schools.
School districts.
Greenvale is split between the Roslyn Union Free School District and North Shore Central School District.
Students who reside in Greenvale and attend public school will attend one of these two districts depending on where they live within the hamlet.
Nassau BOCES facility.
The Nassau Board of Cooperative Education Services (BOCES)' Iris Wolfson High School is located within the hamlet, in the Roslyn Union Free School District's former North Roslyn School.
Library districts.
Greenvale is served by Roslyn's library district and by the Gold Coast Library District.
Infrastructure.
Transportation.
Other major roads which are located within the hamlet include Glen Cove Road (CR 1) and Town Path.
Rail.
Bus.
Greenvale is served by the n20H and n27 bus routes, which are operated by Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE).
The n20H travels west-east along Northern Boulevard, while the n27 travels north-south along Glen Cove Road.
Utility services.
Natural gas.
National Grid provides natural gas to homes and businesses that are hooked up to natural gas lines in Greenvale.
Power.
PSEG Long Island provides power to all homes and businesses within Greenvale.
Sewage.
Greenvale is not connected to a sanitary sewer system.
As such, all homes and businesses in Greenvale rely on cesspools and septic systems.
Trash collection.
Trash collection services in Greenvale are provided by Meadow Carting, under contract to the Roslyn Garbage District.
The hamlet, in its entirety, is located within the boundaries of (and is thus served by) the Roslyn Garbage District.
Water.
Greenvale is located within the boundaries of (and is thus served by) the Jericho Water District and the Roslyn Water District.
The Jericho Water District serves the portions of the hamlet in the Town of Oyster Bay, while the Roslyn Water District serves the portions of the hamlet in the Town of North Hempstead.
Landmarks.
Greenvale is the site of the historic Roslyn East Gate Toll House, a former toll house for the former North Hempstead Turnpike, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 16, 1977.
Merz is the parent company of independent businesses in the fields of aesthetic medicine, therapeutic medicine (including for neurological movement disorders), and wellness and beauty products with its brands Tetesept and Merz Spezial.
Company Structure.
The company was founded by Friedrich Merz and is still family-owned.
The businesses are under the supervision of the Merz board of partners and the Merz supervisory board.
A large part of the revenue is generated in the United States through the sale of special products for medical and aesthetic applications.
Production sites and subsidiaries.
Merz manages three production sites in Reinheim and Dessau (Germany) as well as in Racine County, Wisconsin (USA).
In addition, the Group has its own sales offices in Brazil, France, Great Britain, Italy, Canada, South Korea, Mexico, Austria, Russia, Switzerland, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, USA, Argentina, Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Colombia, the Netherlands, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam.
In addition, the group is active in around 70 countries through cooperations and distribution partnerships.
Business Activities.
Merz Aesthetics GmbH.
Merz Aesthetics GmbH develops and sells products in the field of aesthetic medicine, e.g. a botulinum toxin, dermal fillers or medical technology.
It is the world's largest company dedicated exclusively to medical aesthetics.
Bob Rhatigan manages this business as CEO.
Merz Aesthetics is headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina and has a facility in Wisconsin.
Merz Aresthetics uses celebrities to market its products.
In 2019, model Christie Brinkley promoted a non-invasive wrinkle-tightening procedure.
Gwyneth Paltrow became the first brand ambassador for Merz Aesthetics in 2020.
In 2023, Christina Aguilera promoted anti-wrinkle injections.
The company is also primary sponsor for the North Carolina Courage.
Merz Therapeutics GmbH.
Merz Therapeutics GmbH develops and distributes products for the treatment of neurological movement disorders such as dystonia and spasticity.
It has its headquarters in Frankfurt.
Merz Consumer Care GmbH.
Merz Consumer Care GmbH develops and distributes health, beauty, and wellness products.
The main brands are tetesept and Merz Spezial.
It has its headquarters in Frankfurt.
Xenia Barth has been the managing director of this division since 2022.
In May 2023, the name Merz Lifecare was introduced as the corporate brand instead of Merz Consumer Care.
Merz Consumer Care GmbH has been retained as the company name.
History.
Early days.
In 1908, the trained pharmacist and chemist Friedrich Merz set up his own pharmaceutical production in Frankfurt am Main.
At the time of its foundation, Merz already held a patent and a utility model protection.
The company subsequently expanded and one year later moved to a former cigarette factory, where the company's headquarters have been located since.
In the beginning, Merz developed and produced the first contraceptive for birth control, as well as menthol refreshment cigarettes, and ointments against scaly skin.
However, Merz had outsourced duplicates of its production machinery to Reinheim (Darmstadt) and was thus able to quickly rebuild production after the end of the war.
Product Expansion.
In 1953, Merz entered the cosmetics business with the first anti-wrinkle product (Placentubex).
Merz Spezial Dragees came into the market in 1964 and were promoted in the 1970s and 1980s under the slogan "Natural beauty comes from within".
In the 1970s, the company also expanded its products for medical prescription, for example for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and lowering elevated blood lipids.
In 2002, Merz developed Memantine, the world's first active ingredient for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's dementia.
In 2005, Merz brought a new generation of botulinum toxins into the market.
Change of Managing Director.
During this time, the company continued to expand its position internationally among other things with the development of the active ingredient Memantine.
Medical technology in the field of aesthetics.
The patent for Memantine expired in Germany in 2012.
Until then, it was the only approved drug against moderate and severe forms of dementia.
In the USA, the drug still had three years of patent protection.
In order not to suffer a drop in sales after the patent expired, the expansion of the aesthetic and special neurology divisions was pushed ahead.
Three years earlier, Merz had acquired the US company Bioform Medical for EUR 190 million.
Bioform specialised in the production of fillers for aesthetic medicine.
This was followed in 2013 by the purchase of the Swiss company Neocutis, whose aesthetic dermatology products were mainly in the USA by physicians.
In the same year Merz took over the Swiss company Anteis, which also produced fillers for aesthetic medicine.
Merz entered the non-invasive facelift medical device business in 2014 with the acquisition of US company Ulthera for a sum close to USD 600 million.
In 2015 Merz launched a subsidiary in Thailand.
Creation of independent businesses.
Merz established a new corporate structure in late 2020.
In addition, the global Merz Aesthetics team moved from Frankfurt to Raleigh, North Carolina.
In early 2020, the company's business collapsed for three months as a result of the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cosmetic and medical procedures were cancelled due to fear of contracting the virus and the scarcity of personal protective equipment such as gloves.
Donegal Celtic Park, also known as Suffolk Road and Celtic Park or more recently the New Suffolk Road after its recent expansion, is the home of amateur league team Donegal Celtic.
It is situated in the Suffolk Road in west Belfast.
The stadium holds 8,283, but is currently restricted to 2,330 under safety legislation.
In early August 2009, work on two new stands was completed.
A home stand seating 1,850 spectators and an away stand seating 800 are the first phase in a plan to create a 5000 seated capacity ground.
Daniel Yun () is a Singaporean veteran film producer.
He joined Singapore Broadcasting Corporation Radio as vice-president of Radio Sales in 1991 and became head of Programming in 1992.
He was the head of Marketing Communications, and Programming and Acquisition departments for Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) in 1994.
In 1998, Yun became the vice-president of Production 5 at TCS.
In the same year, he became the CEO of Mediacorp Raintree Pictures.
In 2015, Yun co-produced, co-wrote and co-directed "1965" (2015).
The regular season will end in March, 2021.
The Big Ten tournament will be played at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana in March 2021.
Head coaches.
Coaches.
Preseason conference poll.
The Big Ten released the preseason ranking on November 11, 2020 which featured a ranking by both media and coaches.
Honors and awards.
All-Big Ten awards and teams.
The Campeonato Nacional Feminino ( Women's National Championship), also known as Liga BPI for sponsorship reasons, is the top-tier women's association football league in Portugal.
It is run by the Portuguese Football Federation and began in 1993.
The current champions are Benfica, who won their third consecutive title in 2023.
The most successful team is S.U.
History.
It included all clubs interested in participating and comprised two stages, in the first stage clubs were divided in different zone groups with the top clubs from each zone advancing to the second stage to decide the champion.
Boavista dominated this competition, winning all its eight editions.
In 2001, the UEFA Women's Cup was created with the previous season winners of this competition qualifying to play on it.
A supercup, played between the championship winners and cup winners, started in 2015.
This teams had to keep the women's team for at least three seasons and introduce Under-19 sides to promote youth football.
This way, Sporting CP and Braga became the first professional women's football teams in Portugal.
That same season, the format was reverted to a single stage, where the 14 teams (reduced to 12 on the following season) play each other twice.
That season was interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal with no title awarded and no teams relegated.
This was the first time no title was awarded since the creation of the competition.
This led to a total of 20 teams on the first tier on the following season, requiring a format change for that season, with a first stage where teams are divided in two groups playing each other once with top teams advancing to a championship group and bottom teams to relegation groups.
Competition format.
Competition.
During the course of a season (from September to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents', for 22 games.
Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw.
No points are awarded for a loss.
Teams are ranked by total points, then head-to-head points, head-to-head goal difference, goal difference, matches won, and goals scored.
If still equal, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.
Qualification for European competitions.
The winner of Campeonato Nacional qualifies for the UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying round.
The Juso-Hochschulgruppen (Juso University Groups) are a part of the Young Socialists in the SPD and represent the student wing of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Polarized light microscopy can mean any of a number of optical microscopy techniques involving polarized light.
Simple techniques include illumination of the sample with polarized light.
Directly transmitted light can, optionally, be blocked with a polariser orientated at 90 degrees to the illumination.
More complex microscopy techniques which take advantage of polarized light include differential interference contrast microscopy and interference reflection microscopy.
Scientists will often use a device called a polarizing plate to convert natural light into polarized light.
These illumination techniques are most commonly used on birefringent samples where the polarized light interacts strongly with the sample and so generating contrast with the background.
Polarized light microscopy is used extensively in optical mineralogy.
"pure water") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
Podturn pri Dolenjskih Toplicah (, ) is a village in the Municipality of Dolenjske Toplice in Slovenia.
The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola.
The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Name.
The name of the settlement was changed from "Podturn" to "Podturn pri Dolenjskih Toplicah" in 1953.
Church.
The local church is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and belongs to the Parish of Toplice.
Nichelle Strong (born September 10, 1968), known by her stage name Nikki D is an American rapper.
Career.
Strong signed with Def Jam in 1989 and released her debut single "Lettin' Off Steam" the following year.
It was produced by Sam Sever.
The single's video featured Flavor Flav.
In 1991, Strong released the more commercially viable song, "Daddy's Little Girl", which appeared on the Indie film "Just Another Girl on the I.R.T."
Alonso-Allende also was a world-class competitor in the Snipe, Star, Firefly and Flying Dutchman classes.
He won the Snipe class world championship in 1957.
In the Star class, he was Spanish national champion in 1943, 1945, 1947, 1966, 1967 and 1968.
Galway beat Kerry in the final, which was remembered as one of the greatest games for years.
The Treaty of Fontainebleau was an agreement established in Fontainebleau, France, on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon and representatives of Austria, Russia and Prussia.
The treaty was signed in Paris on 11 April by the plenipotentiaries of both sides and ratified by Napoleon on 13 April.
With this treaty, the allies ended Napoleon's rule as emperor of the French and sent him into exile on Elba.
Prelude.
As a gesture of good will, he announced that 150,000 French prisoners of war who had been held by the Russians since the French invasion of Russia, two years earlier, would be released immediately.
The next day, the Senate agreed to the Coalition's terms and passed a resolution deposing Napoleon.
Napoleon Buonaparte is cast down from the throne, and the right of succession in his family is abolished.
2.
The French people and army are absolved from their oath of fidelity to him.
3.
The present decree shall be transmitted to the departments and armies, and proclaimed immediately in all the quarters of the capital.On 3 April 1814, word reached Napoleon, who was at the Palace of Fontainebleau, that the French Senate had dethroned him.
As the Coalition forces had made public their position that their quarrel was with Napoleon and not the French people, he called their bluff and abdicated in favour of his son, with the Empress Marie-Louise as regent.
The Coalition sovereigns were in no mood to compromise and rejected Napoleon's offer.
Terms.
The agreement contained a total of 21 articles.
By the most significant terms of the accord, Napoleon was stripped of his powers as ruler of the French Empire, but both Napoleon and Marie-Louise were permitted to preserve their respective titles as emperor and empress.
Moreover, all of Napoleon's successors and family members were prohibited from attaining power in France.
The treaty also established the island of Elba as a separate principality to be ruled by Napoleon.
Elba's sovereignty and flag were guaranteed recognition by foreign powers in the accord, but only France was allowed to assimilate the island.
In another tenet of the agreement, the Duchy of Parma, the Duchy of Piacentia and the Duchy of Guastalla were ceded to Empress Marie-Louise.
Moreover, a direct male descendant of Empress Marie-Louise would be known as the "Prince of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla".
In other parts of the treaty, Empress Josephine's annual income was reduced to 1,000,000 francs and Napoleon had to surrender all of his estates in France to the French crown, and submit all crown jewels to France.
He was permitted to take with him 400 men to serve as his personal guard.
The signatories were Caulaincourt, Duke of Vicenza, Marshal MacDonald, Duke of Tarentum, Marshal Ney, Duke of Elchingen, Prince Metternich, Count Nesselrode, and Baron Hardenberg.
British opposition.
The British position was that the French nation was in a state of rebellion and that Napoleon was a usurper.
Castlereagh explained that he would not sign on behalf of the king of the United Kingdom because to do so would recognise the legitimacy of Napoleon as emperor of the French and that to exile him to an island over which he had sovereignty, only a short distance from France and Italy, both of which had strong Jacobin factions, could easily lead to further conflict.
Theft of document.
In 2005, two Americans, former history professor John William Rooney (then aged 74) and Marshall Lawrence Pierce (then aged 44), were charged by a French court for stealing a copy of the Treaty of Fontainebleau from the French National Archives between 1974 and 1988.
The theft came to light in 1996, when a curator of the French National Archives discovered that Pierce had put the document up for sale at Sotheby's.
However, they were not extradited to France to stand trial there.
Nathan Triplett (born March 15, 1987) is a former American football linebacker.
After playing college football for Minnesota, he was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fifth round of the 2010 NFL Draft.
He has also been a member of the San Diego Chargers and Indianapolis Colts.
Early years.
Triplett played in the Wright County Conference, graduating from Delano High School, in Delano, Minnesota, in 2005.
College career.
Triplett attended the University of Minnesota, where he initially was a special teams force and eventually worked his way into a dominant linebacker.
In his senior season, in the first game of the year, he had possibly a game-saving interception, when vs Syracuse University in overtime he intercepted a pass in the Gophers own end zone to end the possession and give the Gophers the ball.
The Gophers kicked a field goal on their possession to win the game.
The next week vs United States Air Force Academy, with about 12 minutes left in the game, he recovered a fumble and returned it 52 yards for a touchdown, to break the 10-10 tie.
The game ended at 20-13, so his touchdown was the game winner.
Professional career.
Minnesota Vikings.
Triplett was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the fifth round (167th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft.
He was signed to a contract on June 14, 2010.
He was released on August 31, 2010, as a part of preseason cuts.
San Diego Chargers.
On October 5, 2010, the San Diego Chargers signed Triplett to the practice squad.
Indianapolis Colts.
On December 1, 2010, the Indianapolis Colts signed the free agent rookie to their active roster.
He was waived on October 5, 2011.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
First class (also known as a suite) is a travel class on some passenger airliners intended to be more luxurious than business class, premium economy, and economy class.
Originally all planes offered only one class of service (often equivalent to the modern business or economy class), with a second class appearing first in 1955 when TWA introduced two different types of service on its Super Constellations.
On a passenger jetliner, "first class" usually refers to a limited number (rarely more than 10) of seats or cabins toward the front of the aircraft which have more space, comfort, service, and privacy.
In general, first class is the highest class offered, although some airlines have either branded their new products as above first class or offered business class as the highest class.
Propeller airliners often had first class in the rear, away from the noise of the engine and propeller, while a first class on jet aircraft is normally positioned near the front of the aircraft, often in front of the business class section or on the upper deck of wide-body aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380.
History.
As aeroplane design improved, so did the passenger experience, and the airlines concentrated on making flying as comfortable and appealing as possible.
Flying was very expensive, but its limited appeal was balanced by the limited capacity of the airlines and their planes.
As aeroplanes became larger, and flights more frequent, airlines came to appreciate that if they offered lower fares, they'd get more people on their planes.
Originally the CAB only allowed a single fare to be charged for a flight, but after they started to slowly allow different fares in 1952, the airlines first offered different fare levels but still in one cabin style, and then in 1955, TWA came up with the concept of different service standards for the different fares.
This marked the start of two-class planes, with the better class generally called First Class and the worse class originally, in the US, being termed Coach Class.
Service.
Overview.
First-class seats vary from large reclining seats with more legroom and width than other classes to suites with a fully reclining seat, workstation and TV surrounded by privacy dividers.
Some airlines have first-class seats which allow passengers to let one guest sit for a short time while face-to-face with the occupant of the cabin.
First-class passengers usually have at least one lavatory for their exclusive use, with more than one on larger planes.
Business and economy class passengers are not normally permitted in the first-class cabin.
Normally AVOD (audiovisual on demand) entertainment is offered, although sometimes normal films, television programmes and interactive games are provided on medium-large seat-back or armrest-mounted flat panel monitors.
Especially for long-haul and high-yielding routes on top airlines, a first-class seat may have facilities akin to a five-star hotel, such as a mini-bar.
Since the 1990s, a trend developed in which many airlines eliminated first-class sections in favour of an upgraded business class.
Newer business class seating is increasing adding features previously exclusive to first class such as convertible lie-flat seats, narrowing the amenities gap to an extent that first-class is redundant.
Furthermore, with the late 2000s recession, airlines have removed or not installed first-class seating in their aircraft, as first-class seats are usually double the price of business class but can take up more than twice the room, leaving business class the most expensive seats on such planes.
However some, such as Garuda Indonesia, have opted to reintroduce first-class seating sections with new aircraft.
Suites.
With business-class seating moving upmarket, some airlines are reintroducing or modelling their first-class sections as suites.
Singapore Airlines now markets the highest class on its A380s as "suites", with the tagline "A class above first."
The 2 m (78 inches) bed is separate from the seat and folds out from the back wall, with several other components of the suite lowering to accommodate the mattress.
Windows are built into the doors and blinds offer privacy.
Suites located in the centre can form a double bed after the privacy blinds between them are retracted into the ceiling.
Other A380 operators like Emirates also have a suite-like first class with similar amenities but the bed and chair are integrated where a button is pushed to turn the seat into a bed in seconds and vice versa.
Etihad Airways introduced a three-room suite called "The Residence" in December 2014 when it added the Airbus A380 to its fleet.
In many cases it is becoming difficult to distinguish newer Business Class Suite products from what is generally perceived as First Class.
Domestic First Class.
In North America.
The service is generally a step below long-haul international business class.
US territories in the Western Pacific (Guam and the CNMI) and sometimes Hawaii are considered international for service purposes and generally feature long-haul business class.
However, "domestic first class" does have two very different meanings on certain transcontinental routes between New York City and California.
Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, United Airlines, and JetBlue operate a special service on flights between John F. Kennedy International Airport and San Francisco International Airport or Los Angeles International Airport known as "Delta Transcontinental Service," "American flagship service", "United p.s." ("p.s." stands for "premium service"), and "Mint," respectively, with Delta and United using specially configured Boeing 757-200s and American and JetBlue using Airbus A321s.
In the case of American Airlines, first class is actually a three-cabin first class which is different from two-cabin first class, both in comfort and price (such as lie-flat seats in first class, for example).
In these cases, domestic business class is generally slightly higher than a two-cabin domestic first-class ticket.
The three-cabin first class is more of a truly first class rather than a rebranded business class.
On JetBlue however, first class is only offered on transcontinental flights, consisting of mini- suites or lie-flat seats.
US discount carriers (such as Southwest Airlines and Frontier Airlines) do not have first-class cabins, instead opting for an all-economy layout, sometimes with a few select rows with extra legroom (such as bulkhead and emergency row seats) available for a fee (or, in the case of Southwest, on a first-come, first-served basis due to their boarding process).
In Europe.
First-class service was formerly available on intra-European flights on airlines such as Air France, British Airways, Lufthansa and Swiss International Air Lines.
First class seats were typically configured in a 4-abreast configuration, similar to current North American domestic first class seats, rather than the 6-abreast configuration used for economy and latterly business class services.
During the 1980s European first class was largely phased out in favour of 6-abreast seating throughout the aircraft, with variable numbers of seats allocated to business class (the business class cabin often being marked with a moveable divider).
This allowed greater flexibility for the airlines, allowing them to allocate different amounts of premium seating depending on the route.
Turkish Airlines are one of the few European airlines still offering 4-abreast seating in their premium intra-Europe cabins, but they're sold as business class seats rather than first class.
The same situation is in Russia onboard Aeroflot intra-Europe flights.
Environmental impact.
Flying first- and business-class (premium-class) is associated with a greater environmental impact than flying in economy-class seating.
This is due to the greater footprint of premium-class seats and their associated features, such as bathrooms, galleys, bars and showers.
One report estimates that the per-person carbon emissions associated with premium seating is 2.6 to 4.3 times greater than economy seating.
Additional benefits.
On the ground, first-class passengers usually have special check-in and security zones at the airport.
While it is typical that these passengers have lounge access, some airlines have separate lounges for first and business whereas the former may have more luxurious amenities.
These passengers can often board the aircraft before other passengers, sometimes through their jetbridge.
Often these meals have been designed by leading chefs and are served on white linen tablecloths and with real cutlery.
Pricing.
Historically, first-class air travel has been very expensive.
With the emergence of frequent-flyer programmes, however, passengers have been able to upgrade their business or economy class tickets through membership in elite frequent-flyer programmes and through the policies of some airlines that allow business and economy-class passengers to purchase last-minute upgrades on a space-available basis.
Some airlines also offer upgrading to first class as a bonus to their employees.
Current operators.
This is a list of airlines with First Class for international flights only, omitting the products branded as domestic First Class common in the US.
Lady Xie was of a noted Kuaiji family and the first wife of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Despite her fall from favour and early death, her family would continue to prosper at court.
Life.
She became Sun Quan's wife on the recommendation of Sun Quan's mother, Lady Wu, tying the Sun's to a noted southern clan.
She was favoured by Sun Quan but later Sun Quan wanted to take his cousin Xu Kun's daughter Lady Xu as his new wife, so he told Lady Xie to lower herself to accept the newcomer.
However, Lady Xie refused and fell out of Sun Quan's favour as a consequence.
She died seemingly soon after at a relatively young age, supposedly of grief.
Family and relatives.
Xie Jiong was known for his good moral conduct and brilliance since he was young.
The material he collected from the imperial archives when serving at the Secretariat in the Han capital may have been used by his son Cheng for his history on the Han.
He died in office.
It featured eleven teams of two, each returning from a previous edition of the series, in a race around the world.
The season premiered on CBS on Sunday, February 20, 2011, and the finale aired on May 8, 2011.
Sisters Kisha and Jen Hoffman were the winners of this season, while Herbert "Flight Time" Lang and Nathaniel "Big Easy" Lofton of the Harlem Globetrotters finished in second place, and father and daughter Gary Ervin and Mallory Ervin finished in third.
Production.
Development and filming.
"The Amazing Race 18" was the first season of the United States series to be broadcast on high-definition television.
While most other prime-time television shows had transitioned to high definition, including other reality television shows, previous seasons of "The Amazing Race" used standard-definition television due to the cost and fragility of high-definition recording equipment.
This season traveled a little over across 23 cities and five continents.
Filming started on November 20, 2010, at the San Gorgonio Pass wind farm near Palm Springs, California.
Teams were spotted at Oceanworld Manly around November 22, 2010, and a day later around the mining town of Broken Hill, New South Wales, in the Australian Outback.
Other locales cited as destinations were Yokohama, Japan, where teams swam in freezing waters near Mount Fuji, and the series' first visit to Liechtenstein.
The Express Pass, introduced in the previous season, returned and allowed a team to bypass one single task later in the season.
The last team to complete the first task was forced to complete a U-Turn in the next leg, performing both tasks of the leg's Detour.
The double-length legs format previously used were changed in this season to legs without a mandatory rest period between them.
At the end of the first leg in Sydney, Australia, and the fourth leg in Lijiang, China, teams were ordered to keep racing and given their next clue.
The first team to check in was still awarded a prize, but the last team to check in was not eliminated and did not have to perform a Speed Bump.
Casting.
The prior experience of all the teams in previous seasons allowed the producers to increase the difficulty of the various tasks and challenges.
All of the teams were from recent seasons of "The Amazing Race" with the earliest season being season 12.
According to Bertram van Munster, they stayed with more recent teams because "if we're digging too far back, people might not even remember who they were".
Though they had considered mother and son fan-favorites Toni and Dallas Imbimbo from season 13, Keoghan stated they felt the other selected teams "have the best stories and the best motivation" for casting.
During an interview with CBS's "The Early Show", season 17 runners-up Brook Roberts and Claire Champlin revealed they were asked to take part on the season, but couldn't due to the latter's pregnancy.
Marketing.
Snapple served as a sponsor this season of "The Amazing Race", with "Snapple Real Facts" introduced during commercial breaks.
The sixth leg of the season in Kolkata, India, featured several tasks involving a papaya-and-mango flavored tea Snapple developed and named after the show.
Ford also sponsored the season, with their new Focus serving as a prize during the eighth leg.
Cast.
This season featured eleven returning teams from previous seasons vying a second chance to win.
Mallory returned on the same season forming a composite team with Mark Jackson when his partner, William "Bopper" Minton, was not medically cleared to compete.
Outside of "The Amazing Race", Mallory appeared on the Discovery Channel reality show "Backyard Oil" in 2013.
Mike White later competed on "".
Results.
The following teams are listed with their placements in each leg.
Placements are listed in finishing order.
Phil's Video Diary.
A new feature to this season is an online show, allowing the viewers to see what happens behind the scenes of "The Amazing Race", hosted by Keoghan.
This feature replaced the "Elimination Station" videos as seen in previous seasons.
Reception.
Critical response.
"The Amazing Race 18" received mixed reviews.
Scott Von Doviak of "The A.V.
Club" wrote that by the end of the season, it was "finishing (mostly) strong after so many lackluster weeks along the way."
Daniel Fienberg of HitFix wrote that "this 'Amazing Race' season was almost conspicuously designed to prevent memorable moments."
As the number of teams got whittled down, the legs became less creative."
But it needs to be a race once again."
Patrick Hodges of CinemaBlend wrote that it was "all in all, a very good season.
Lots of great locations, lots of sportsmanship, very few assclownish moments."
In 2016, this season was ranked 13th out of the first 27 seasons by the "Rob Has a Podcast Amazing Race" correspondents.
Kareem Gantt of "Screen Rant" wrote that this "the legs are fantastically planned and executed, the suspense was high, and viewers even got some emotional eliminations that made for great TV."
In 2021, Jane Andrews of Gossip Cop ranked this season as the show's 7th best season.
In 2022, Rhenn Taguiam of Game Rant ranked this season as the sixth-best season.
Ratings.
Eaton Park is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Florida, United States.
Eaton Park is located on U.S. Route 98, southeast of Lakeland, and also serves as the southern terminus of Florida State Road 659.
The XM70 was a rocket launcher developed for the U.S. Marine Corps from 1959 to 1963 at Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois Research and Development Division.
Seven prototypes were built and tested at Rock Island Arsenal and Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.
The Army intended to develop a self-propelled variant designated the XM71 as the core weapon system matured.
The XM70 has an unusual layout for a rocket launcher, borrowing most of its characteristics from towed howitzers.
It used a closed breach and a hydraulic recoil mechanism rather than allowing rocket exhaust to exit the rear of the device, which allowed the crew to remain nearby to individually aim each rocket and to rapidly reload.
It also had long trail arms and a base plate to pivot the system in common with conventional towed artillery.
The XM70 employed a unique revolver-like rotary magazine to fire rockets through a single launch tube in succession, rather than individual tubes for each rocket with the intent of improving accuracy while maintaining low overall weight and mobility.
Most multiple launch rocket systems use individual smoothbore tubes roughly the same length of each fin-stabilized rocket bundled in parallel for firing in rapid barrages.
The XM70's single shared long barrel has grooves indicative of rifling to spin the rocket to gyro stabilize it in flight to provide additional accuracy.
The response of the United States to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine that began in 2022 has been in favor of Ukraine.
President Biden condemned the invasion, providing military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine, and sanctioning Russia and Belarus, the countries heavily involved in invading Ukraine.
Aid to Ukraine.
Biden stated that 800 US soldiers will be transferred from Italy to the Baltic region, eight F-35 fighter jets will be transferred from Germany to Eastern Europe, and that 32 Apache helicopters will be transferred from Germany and Greece to Poland.
However, the president said the U.S. military would not fight Russia in Ukraine, but would defend every inch of NATO territory.
U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin ordered the deployment of about 7,000 additional troops to Europe.
The United States Agency for International Development, along with United Nations agencies, provided relief supplies to the Ukrainian people, such as surgery and medical kits, emergency food, thermal blankets and sanitation supplies.
On March 25, 2022, Joe Biden visited Poland near the border with Ukraine.
Biden expressed his appreciation for the courage and tenacity of the Ukrainian people, and likened the Ukrainian people's resistance to Russia to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.
On 24 April 2022, an American delegation consisting of American Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin visited Ukrainian president Volodomyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv.
In late April Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House of Representatives visited Zelensky in Kyiv together with other members of the House of Representatives including Adam Schiff.
On 20 February 2023, Joe Biden a announced a half-billion dollars aid stating that the new aid "package would include more military equipment, such as artillery ammunition, more javelins and howitzers.
Rep. Chris Stewart of Utah, a member of the intelligence committee, said as long as US resources were used wisely, the American people will continue to support aid.
He said NATO members must also honor their pledge to spend 2 percent of their gross domestic product on defense.
"Most of them have not done that except for a few of the smaller countries," Stewart said.
This also included "air defense systems and tens of millions of rounds of ammunition".
Condemnation of Russia.
US President Joe Biden issued a statement calling the Russian invasion "unprovoked and unreasonable", and accusing Russian President Vladimir Putin of waging a "premeditated war that will result in catastrophic loss of life and human suffering".
On February 28, the United States announced plans to expel twelve Russian diplomats from the Permanent Mission of Russia to the United Nations.
Biden additionally condemned Russian oligarchs who had supported Putin, stating that "We are joining with our European allies to find and seize your yachts, your luxury apartments, your private jets.
We are coming for your ill-begotten gains."
The Biden administration also condemned Putin's decision to place Russia's nuclear deterrence forces on high alert.
In a speech on March 26, Biden declared in a speech that Putin "cannot remain in power".
However, the White House later released a statement saying that Biden's "point was that Putin cannot be allowed to exercise power over his neighbors or the region.
He was not discussing Putin's power in Russia, or regime change".
In response to Biden's statement, the Kremlin stated that whether or not Putin remained in power was the choice of the Russian people.
Sanctions on Russia and Belarus.
The National Emergencies Act and International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), authorize the president to regulate international commerce by declaring a national emergency in response to any unusual and extraordinary threat to the United States which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States.
This is accomplished through the power to impose international sanctions on foreign countries and their citizens.
By designating a country, a corporation or individual this way, the United States seeks to leverage the global use of the United States dollar and its regulation by the United States Department of the Treasury for its foreign policy.
During the Presidency of George W. Bush, the repression of opposition to the incumbent Alexander Lukashenko regime during the 2006 Belarusian presidential election led to the declaration of international emergency with of June 16, 2006.
During the Presidency of Barack Obama, the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation was impetus to declare an emergency in Ukraine through of March 6, 2014.
The emergencies in both Belarus and Ukraine have been continued by Presidents Bush, Obama, Trump and Biden through an annual letter to Congress.
Each president has issued further Executive Orders affecting the scope of emergency measures and naming individuals, companies and governments as responsible and sanctioning them.
With , President Obama declared an emergency regarding "Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities" without initially naming Russia, but eventually naming the GRU, FSB, and related entities responsible and sanctioning them.
Treasury sanctions under the Biden administration.
Each Executive Order is written pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act authority granted to the President to designate individuals as deemed necessary.
In 2021, President Biden signed four Executive Orders creating sanctions.
In late-January 2022, major Russian military units were relocated and deployed to Belarus under the auspices of previously planned joint military exercises to be held in February that year.
On February 21, 2022, following the recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk republics, President Putin ordered additional Russian troops into Donbas, in what Russia called a "peacekeeping mission".
In immediate response, the Biden administration issued , prohibiting all trade with the breakaway Donetsk People's Republic or Luhansk People's Republic.
The Bureau of Industry and Security issuing new Export Administration Regulations effective February 24.
On February 22, 2022, the United States declared the Russian advance into the Donbass an "invasion."
The Biden administration and OFAC announced the blocking of property under E.O. 14024 for notable members of the Russian government including Alexander Bortnikov of the Federal Security Service (FSB) and the First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia Sergey Kiriyenko.
The Biden administration described this as the "first tranche" of sanctions.
On February 23, 2022, an unidentified senior U.S. defense official was quoted by Reuters saying that "80 percent" of Russian forces assigned and arrayed along Ukraine's border were ready for battle and that a ground incursion further into Ukraine could commence at any moment.
On the same day, the Ukrainian parliament approved the decree of President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on the introduction of a state of emergency.
On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin announced that he had made the decision to launch a "special military operation" in eastern Ukraine.
Russian forces launched missile attacks against targets across Ukraine shortly afterward.
Following the attacks, White House announced an expansion of its sanctions programs.
The Biden administration widened the E.O. 14024 sanctions program list to target major Russian corporations in the banking, defense, and energy sector.
Designated corporations included Otkritie FC Bank, Rostec, Sovcombank, VTB Bank, Sberbank, Alfa-Bank, Credit Bank of Moscow, Gazprombank, Russian Agricultural Bank, Gazprom, Gazprom Neft, Transneft, Rostelecom, RusHydro, Alrosa, Sovcomflot, and Russian Railways.
More Russian government officials and oligarchs were sanctioned, including senior government official Sergei Ivanov, Secretary for the Security Council of Russia Nikolai Patrushev, Rosneft CEO Igor Sechin, and banker Yuri Soloviev.
The Office of Foreign Assets Control also announced the imposition of further E.O. 14038 sanctions against Belarus in retaliation for allowing Russia to use its territory to launch attacks on Ukraine, including state-owned banks, defense and security industry, and defense official including the Belarusian Minister of Defense, Viktor Khrenin.
On February 25, 2022, the United States Department of the Treasury and United States Department of State announced the most direct sanctions on the government and military of the Russian Federation by putting sanctions on Russian President Vladimir Putin, foreign minister Sergey Lavrov, Minister of Defence Sergei Shoigu and first Deputy Defence Minister Valery Gerasimov.
In a joint public statement on February 26, 2022, with the leaders of the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, and Canada, the United States committed to tighten sanctions even further including removal of Russian banks from the SWIFT messaging system, measures to stop the use of reserves to undermine the impact of sanctions, ending the sale of golden passport, and coordinating efforts to "ensure the effective implementation of our financial sanctions."
On February 28, 2022, the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) and its CEO Kirill Dmitriev were added to the E.O. 14024 sanctions list. of March 8, 2022 prohibited U.S. importation of fossil fuels from the Russian Federation and any new U.S. investment into the Russian energy sector. of March 11, 2022 prohibited U.S. importation of fish, seafood, alcoholic beverages, and non-industrial diamonds from Russia and prohibits U.S. export of luxury goods to the Russian Federation.
On March 11, 2022, OFAC added twenty-six Russians to the E.O. 14024 list.
Twelve were members of the Putin government including Yury Afonin, Leonid Kalashnikov, Vladimir Kashin, Ivan Melnikov, Dmitry Novikov, Vyacheslav Volodin, Gennady Zyuganov.
Ten were persons connected to VTB Bank, most notably including Olga Dergunova, a Deputy President.
Relatives of Dmitry Peskov were added, including his son Nikolay Peskov (a former correspondent for RT) and daughter Elizaveta Peskova, assistant to far-right Aymeric Chauprade, a French Member of the European Parliament.
The oligarch Viktor Vekselberg, previously sanctioned in 2018, was re-designated along with his superyacht and Airbus A319-115 jet.
The same round of sanctions also added Dmitry Pantus, Chairman of the State Military-Industrial Committee in the Government of Belarus.
The same day, the U.S. also renewed sanctions against Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko.
It was announced that all property and interests in property owned by the Belarusian President or his wife was now blocked in the country.
On March 24, 2022, OFAC made its largest expansion of the E.O. 14024 list sanctions by number of entities by sanctioning 324 individual deputies of the State Duma as well as the State Duma itself.
The same day the State Department published its own additions to the E.O.
Timchenko's wife, children, business partner and spouse of his business partner were also named.
The State Department also named Timchenko's yacht, the "Lena" as blocked property.
On March 31, 2022, OFAC publicized the existence of a "procurement network engaged in proliferation activities" operating at the direction of Russian intelligence services.
The Office claims that the network of companies, including entities based in Russia, United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore and Spain was created to procure Western technologies while disguising that the end user was, in fact, the military and intelligence services of the Russian Federation.
The companies and their principals were named and sanctioned.
Following the retreat of Russian forces the city of Bucha, Kyiv Oblast, witnesses began sharing evidence of atrocities committed during the occupation.
Footage showed civilians dead with their hands bound.
Other footage showed a dead man next to a bicycle.
Journalists entering the city themselves discovered the bodies of more than a dozen people in civilian clothes.
CNN, the BBC, and AFP released video documentation of numerous dead bodies of civilians in the streets and yards in Bucha, some of them with tied arms or legs.
BBC News said of the 20 bodies on the street, some had been shot in the temple and some bodies had been run over by a tank.
On 2 April, an AFP reporter stated he had seen at least twenty bodies of male civilians lying in the streets of Bucha, with two of the bodies having tied hands.
As evidence mounted, US President Joe Biden called for Putin to be tried for war crimes and stated that he supported additional sanctions on Russia.
On April 6, a Senior Biden administration official announced that "the sickening brutality in Bucha has made tragically clear the despicable nature of the Putin regime.
President Biden signed of April 6, 2022, "Prohibiting New Investment in and Certain Services to the Russian Federation in Response to Continued Russian Federation Aggression," prohibiting all U.S. persons' investment or in the Russian Federation.
Additionally, E.O. 14071 allows the Secretary of the Treasury to determine "any category of services" to be illegal to export by any United States person to any person of the Russian Federation.
Closing of American airspace to Russian airlines.
The European Union and Canada decided on February 27, 2022, to ban Russian airlines from using their airspace.
The main United States sanctions law, IEEPA, blocks the designated person or entity's assets, and also prohibits any United States person from transacting business with the designated person or entity.
Additionally, United States asset forfeiture laws allow for the seizure of assets considered to be the proceeds of criminal activity.
On 3 February 2022, John "Jack" Hanick was arrested in London for violating sanctions against , owner of Tsargrad TV.
Malofeev is targeted for sanctions by the European Union and United States for material and financial support to Donbass separatists.
Hanick was the first person criminally indicted for violating United States sanctions during the War in Ukraine.
According to court records, Hanick has been under sealed indictment in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York since November 2021.
The indictment was unsealed March 3, 2022.
Hanick awaits extradition from the United Kingdom to the United States.
In the March 1, 2022 State of the Union Address, American President Joe Biden announced an effort to target the wealth of Russian oligarchs.
On March 2, 2022, U.S. Attorney General Merrick B. Garland announced the formation of Task Force KleptoCapture, an inter-agency effort.
The main goal of the task force is to impose the sanctions set against Russian oligarchs to freeze and seize the assets that the U.S. government claimed were proceeds of their illegal involvement with the Russian government and the invasion of Ukraine.
On March 11, 2022, United States President Joseph R. Biden signed , "Prohibiting Certain Imports, Exports, and New Investment With Respect to Continued Russian Federation Aggression," an order of economic sanctions under the United States International Emergency Economic Powers Act against several oligarchs.
On March 25, 2022, an FBI Special Agent filed an affidavit in support of seizure of the Tango with the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
The affidavit warrant states probable cause to seize the "Tango" for suspect violations of (conspiracy to commit bank fraud), (International Emergency Economic Powers Act), and (money laundering), and that the seizure is authorized by American statutes on civil and criminal asset forfeiture.
On April 4, 2022, Magistrate Judge Zia M. Faruqui signed an Order approving the seizure.
Neither the Department of Justice, nor history, will be kind to the Oligarchs who chose the wrong side.
The Civil Guard of Spain and U.S. federal agents of both the United States Department of Justice and United States Department of Homeland Security seized the "Tango" in Mallorca.
A United States Department of Justice press release states that the seizure of the "Tango" was by request of Task Force KleptoCapture.
U.S. legislation to isolate the Russian Federation.
Joe Biden made his first visit to Kyiv since the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, on 20 February 2023.
Only two journalists followed him, having been sworn to secrecy three days previous due to security concerns, and his travel arrangements had not been made public even just before his arrival.
Winifred Turner (1903-1983) was an English sculptor.
Biography.
Turner was born in London, the daughter of the sculptor Alfred Turner.
She studied at the Central School of Art and Design in London between 1921 and 1924, and then at Royal Academy Schools until 1929.
She was elected a Fellow and Associate of the Royal Society of British Sculptors in 1930 and exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1924 and 1962.
The village has an approximate population of 460.
Kozybayevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Lobanovskoye Rural Settlement, Permsky District, Perm Krai, Russia.
The population was 48 as of 2010.
There are 13 streets.
Geography.
Kozybayevo is located 23 km south of Perm (the district's administrative centre) by road.
123rd Infantry Division ("123.
ESPN Saturday Night Football on ABC (branded for sponsorship purposes as ESPN Saturday Night Football on ABC presented by Capital One) is an American weekly presentation of prime time broadcasts of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football games that are produced by ESPN, and televised on ABC.
The ESPN on ABC Saturday Night Football coverage began in 2006, as both ESPN and ABC are owned by The Walt Disney Company. , the primary broadcast team for half the games includes play-by-play announcer Chris Fowler and analyst Kirk Herbstreit, with Holly Rowe as sideline reporter.
Kevin Negandhi, Booger McFarland, and Dan Mullen host the studio halftime show.
Negandhi also provides in game updates throughout the game.
Other ESPN broadcast teams may also occasionally appear for regional (and some national) telecasts.
Overview.
"Saturday Night Football" premiered on September 2, 2006, with a game between the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.
While ABC and ESPN have aired college football games on Saturday nights for decades, this program marks the first time that a collegiate sports broadcast has officially been part of any major broadcast television network's primetime schedule.
With the college football season being extended by one week, ABC televised thirteen weeks of games in 2008, closing with the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game on December 6.
With the loss of the Sprint Cup Series to NBC and NBCSN, "Saturday Night Football" expanded its seasonal game schedule full-time to 13 weeks beginning in 2015, starting with the Advocare Classic.
Games from the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the old Big East Conference, the Big Ten Conference, the Pac-12 Conference, the now-defunct Western Athletic Conference and the American Athletic Conference have aired on "Saturday Night Football", as well as non-conference games in which teams from these conferences were either playing at home or a neutral-site game to which ABC holds the television rights.
In recent years, following the loss of some broadcast rights of the Pac-12 Conference to Fox Sports in 2012, the Pac-12's Saturday Night Football appearances have been limited to non-conference games, especially home games against Notre Dame and games against the Southeastern Conference, as well as road games against conferences that still have broadcast rights with ABC.
Besides Pac-12 and Big Ten games, ABC makes most of its game broadcast selections or options twelve days prior to the game (with some being made six days beforehand).
This allows ABC to 'flex' the most compelling game it has the rights to broadcast into the "Saturday Night Football" slot.
As a result, the Saturday night game is usually ABC's "game of the week".
Beginning in 2024, ABC will have the option to feature an SEC game on Saturday Night Football for the first time.
As ESPN has signed new contracts with various conferences to produce college football coverage, the network has begun branding its coverage of select conferences to which it has rights.
This branding was first seen on SEC broadcasts in 2011, which became the "SEC on ESPN".
ACC broadcasts followed suit in 2012 becoming the "ACC on ESPN".
In 2018, the network started branding games aired on ABC as the "ACC on ABC", even though the ACC on ESPN logo is still used for replay wipes.
Similarly, all Pac-12 games broadcast under the branding of "Pac-12 on ESPN" or as the "Pac-12 on ABC".
In 2016, a new contract brought conference branding to Big Ten telecasts as well, which air on both ESPN and ABC.
While Big Ten games that air on ESPN cable channels are branded as the "Big Ten on ESPN", games airing on ABC are now branded as the "Big Ten on ABC".
While the program is still officially part of ESPN College Football which is reflected when talent appears on screen, the Big Ten on ABC logo and branding is used for intro, program IDs, and replay wipes.
Similarly, because of the new ESPN-Big 12 deal, games featuring teams from the Big 12 will appear on the network under the "Big 12 on ESPN" or "Big 12 on ABC" brand, with replay wipes having the Big 12 on ESPN brand logo.
Similarly, with the American Conference, games with teams from the American will appear under the "American Conference on ESPN" or "American Conference on ABC" brand.
This is the first time any regularly scheduled sporting event outside of the National Spelling Bee has carried any ABC branding since 2006.
The Classic served as the opening game for "Saturday Night Football" again in 2014 (that year, involving the Florida State Seminoles and Oklahoma State Cowboys), in 2015 (Alabama Crimson Tide and Wisconsin Badgers) and in 2016 (Alabama Crimson Tide and USC Trojans).
In 2018, the Camping World Kickoff (between the new look Louisville Cardinals and the defending 2017 national champion Alabama Crimson Tide) served as the "Saturday Night Football" season premiere.
The Advocare Classic, between the 2017 ACC Runner-Up Miami Hurricanes and LSU Tigers, aired the next night in primetime, as it served as the "Sunday Night Kickoff game presented by NHTSA".
Schedules.
"All rankings are from that week's AP Poll, and that week's CFP rankings since 2014." 2006 schedule.
"ABC did not air games on either October 21 or October 28 to avoid competing with the World Series." 2007 schedule.
"ABC did not air games on either September 8 or October 13 due to broadcasts of NASCAR NEXTEL Cup Series races." 2008 schedule.
"ABC did not air games on either September 6 or October 11 due to broadcasts of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races." 2009 schedule.
"ABC did not air games on either September 12 or October 17 due to broadcasts of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races." 2010 schedule.
"ABC did not air games on either September 11 or October 16 due to broadcasts of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races." 2011 schedule.
"ABC did not air Games on either September 8 or October 13 due to broadcasts of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races." 2013 schedule.
"ABC did not air Games on either September 7 or October 12 due to broadcasts of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races." 2014 schedule.
"ABC did not air games on either September 6 or October 11 due to broadcasts of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races." 2019 schedule.
Nielsen ratings.
Seasonal.
Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of "Saturday Night Football" on ABC.
Theme music.
At the time the Saturday night package began in 2006, ABC Sports was integrated with ESPN, resulting in ESPN production concepts being applied to ABC-televised sports events.
"Saturday Night Football" games began using the bowl version of the 1998-2005 theme as well in 2008, continuing through the 2010 BCS National Championship Game.
The intro theme was updated in 2011, with the main theme music being changed to a different cut of the 1998-2005 bowl game theme (one that had usually been used during studio shows in the past).
Bowl Championship Series games aired on ESPN during this period were produced identically to "Saturday Night Football" productions, and used this same theme music arrangement.
In 2012, the theme for all college football telecasts on both ESPN and ABC was changed to a heavily updated version of yet another one of ABC's 1998-2005 themes (this one had usually been used for intro teasers in the past).
However, unlike previous "SNF" themes, this theme was a completely new recording, using the tune of the 1998-2005 song as the base.
In 2015, ABC began using the same theme used by all ESPN college football productions since the 2014-15 New Years' Six bowl games.
External links.
The name Anrakuan takes from the name of the tea house that he built and lived at after he retired at the age of seventy.
For this reason, Anrakuan Sakuden is called the founder of , the popular form of comic monologue performed by special storytellers.
Open Settlement Protocol is implemented in voice telephony gateways such as softswitches, H.323 multimedia conferencing gateways, and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxies.
OSP is defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Project TIPHON (Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks).
A press release of September 2, 1998, announced that the industry leaders 3Com Corporation, Cisco, GRIC Communications, iPass Inc., and TransNexus had "teamed up to promote inter-domain authentication, authorization and accounting standards for IP telephony through the Open Settlement Protocol (OSP)".
The Open Settlement Protocol is being developed under the authority of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute's ETSI project TIPHON.
Version 4.1.1 of this document was ratified in November 2003.
The OSP Toolkit is a complete development kit for software developers who want to implement the client side of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute's (ETSI) OSP standard for secure VoIP peering.
The OSP Toolkit includes source code written in ANSI C, test tools and extensive documentation on how to implement the OSP standard.
Ahmed El Basha (born January 2, 1982) is a Sudanese football defender who plays for Al-Merreikh.
He is member of the Sudan National Football Team.
He is a left back, he may also play as defensive midfielder or also as a winger.
He was on loan to Libyan club Al-Nasr Benghazi and returned to El-Merreikh in June 2011.
This is a list of the Pennsylvania state historical markers in Venango County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Venango County, Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC).
The locations of the historical markers, as well as the latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the PHMC's database, are included below when available.
Cnephasia nowickii is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.
One Great Step was the first worldwide concert tour by South Korean boy group Infinite.
The tour visited arenas and stadiums in Asia, North America, and Europe.
The set list consisted of songs from all of the group's previous albums.
Derived from American astronaut Neil Armstrong's "one small step" quote, One Great Step was announced during a press conference a day after Infinite celebrated their three-year anniversary.
The tour's concept revolves around Infinite's fight against an oppressive government and resolves with the two sides declaring peace.
One Great Step ran from August to December 2013, which saw stops in 21 cities across fourteen countries.
Infinite's stage performances were met with positive reviews and, by the end of its run, the concert tour drew an accumulated 150,000 attendees.
A pair of encore concerts entitled One Great Step Returns took place the following February and March in Seoul.
The final performance was recorded for a live album entitled "One Great Step Returns Live", which was released in 2015 and peaked at number three on South Korea's national Gaon Album Chart.
Background.
Infinite celebrated their three-year anniversary on June 9, 2013.
The following day, the group held a press conference at the Cheongdam-dong branch of CGV MCube cinema in Seoul to announce their first world tour.
The event was broadcast globally on Google Online.
The concert tour's name is based on American astronaut Neil Armstrong's first words upon stepping on the moon, which was modified from "one small step" to signify Infinite's ambitions.
The tour's first promotional poster was unveiled at the ceremony, which showed Infinite walking on the words "One Great Step".
The theme drew comparisons to the cover of Japanese boy group Arashi's fifteenth single "Wish", which displayed them walking over their name.
Writing for entertainment website "Sports World", Kim Yong-ho felt that the two were identical despite a difference in coloring and the walking direction.
The press conference was subject to criticism for its poor operation.
Kim cited the event's technical difficulties, which included being unable to hear fans through video calls, and the host leaving without taking any questions as a reflection of Woollim Entertainment and Infinite's shortcomings for the forthcoming tour.
Infinite's preparations for One Great Step took place at a concert hall in Paju, Gyeonggi Province and lasted approximately two months.
Conceptually, the tour is based on Infinite's uprising "against a fictional government that prohibits music".
The Infinite members rebelled against the "music police" which attempted to silence them.
The storyline ends with the two groups declaring peace, allowing Infinite to perform music.
Concert synopsis.
The concert opened with a video played on screen, where the Infinite members were depicted as fugitives.
Once the video ended, an ensemble of dancers appeared on stage and executed a choreography routine utilizing laser rods.
Following the act, the screen opened as red lights flashed on stage.
It revealed Infinite imprisoned behind a steel cage, wearing black suits with gold trimmings.
Bound by handcuffs, they broke free from the restraints and danced to "orchestra-like" music.
The show commenced with Infinite singing "Destiny" on stage illuminated by lasers lights, proceeded by "Tic Toc".
Infinite then removed their jackets and showcased a "sexy" silhouette dance sequence.
They performed "Paradise" in black tank tops.
The group continued with "Wings" and "Inception", the latter of which utilized a dance routine involving chairs.
The setlist transitioned to medium-tempo sweet songs as they performed "Can U Smile", "Come to You", and "Nothing's Over" in sophisticated suits, standing behind microphone stands.
The production shifted into performances with an emphasis of the members as soloists and units henceforth.
Infinite H, comprising Hoya and Dongwoo, performed the hip-hop numbers "Fly High", "Victorious Way", and "Special Girl".
The music video for the album track "Inconvenient Truth" from Infinite's mini-album "New Challenge" (2013) was unveiled thereafter.
Infinite returned to the stage donning pastel-colored clothing to perform "That Year's Summer" with a sky-blue minibus on set for a "refreshing and bubbly" atmosphere and a vacation feel.
Amidst their performance of "I Like You", the group threw autographed paper airplanes in the air.
They also descended from the platform to take pictures with members of the audience on the first and second floors of the venue.
For his solo performance, L created a romantic atmosphere by wearing a "dandy" white suit and sitting on a bench next to a teddy bear.
He played an acoustic guitar while singing the track "Love U Like You".
Woohyun performed his solo pop number "Beautiful".
At the first live concert, it was structured to emulate a musical with a "cute" dance.
He also handed out flowers and rings to the audience during the performance.
Sungkyu sang the piano-driven rock song "60 Seconds".
He was accompanied by a 14-string orchestra at the inaugural show.
Infinite pivoted to emotional songs starting with "Still I Miss You".
As they sang the somber "Mother", childhood photographs taken with their mothers were displayed onscreen.
The group returned to upbeat tracks and performed "She's Back", "Entrust", and "Cover Girl" while navigating through the audience on the first through third floors.
The singles "Be Mine" and "BTD (Before the Dawn)" were both performed with a live band.
A metal guitar riff version of "Come Back Again" played for Infinite's encore performance.
They closed the show with "Hysterie" and "With...".
Encore concerts and live album.
Infinite appeared as guests on SBS Power FM's radio program "Youngstreet" on December 20, 2013, and announced a pair of encore concerts.
Sungjong described the two shows' concept as being able to play with fans.
Entitled One Great Step Returns, the shows took place at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena in Seoul.
Material from Infinite's final encore show was recorded for their first live album entitled "One Great Step Returns Live".
One week ahead of its distribution, Woollim Entertainment uploaded a 30-second video teaser for the record.
Mastered by Christian Wright at the Abbey Road Studios, the 2-disc set was released on April 9, 2015.
A live version music video for the album track "Tic Toc" from "Over the Top" (2011) was simultaneously published.
The album debuted and peaked at number three on the Gaon Album Chart, shifting 14,241 units by the end of the month.
Critical and commercial reception.
Park Se-yon of entertainment website "Star Today" wrote that the "historic" performances were exceptional, noting that there were no lulls throughout the show.
In her review for "Dispatch", Kim Su-ji called Infinite's world tour their "destiny", but lamented the simplicity in the stage design, lighting, and sets.
Columnist Jeff Benjamin of "Billboard" magazine commended the group's employment of their surroundings, noting that "the boys utilized every part" of the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York despite lacking the "same technology and stage platform" from stages in South Korea.
He continued, saying that the group "further proved that K-pop acts do not need to fill out an arena to give a meaningful and visually-impressive concert."
Analyn Perez of "GMA News Online" wrote that Infinite "pushed the level higher" for the stage design and production at their concert in Manila.
Charmaine Cunanan lauded Infinite in her review for the "Manila Standard", describing the show as "a perfect mix of amazing performances and a venue to get closer to the fans", saying that it was "impossible not to notice that the show was excellently produced".
Ticket sales for the first pair of concerts in Seoul went on sale on June 18 on the online auction website Interpark.
The high demand for reservations led the company's servers to crash and admissions sold out.
Infinite received 6.264 tonnes of fan rice during the first pair of shows in Seoul, which the group donated to Holt International Children's Services.
The group donated an additional 18.26 tonnes of rice to the organization that they received from their pair of encore concerts.
The Outtrim railway line is a closed railway situated in the South Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia.
It was a branch of the former South Gippsland railway (also known as "Great Southern Railway") and connected with the main line near Korumburra railway station.
The line was primarily built to allow the exploitation of black coal deposits in the Outtrim area.
History.
The first sod of the Outtrim railway was turned on 6 March 1885.
On 28 October 1892 a short branch to the Coal Creek coalfield was opened, connecting with the Outtrim line just south of Korumburra station.
A Border Security Zone in Russia is the designation of a strip of land (usually, though not always, along a Russian external border) where economic activity and access are restricted in line with the Frontier Regime Regulations set by the Federal Security Service (FSB).
For foreign tourists to visit the zone a permit issued by the local FSB department is required.
The restricted access zone (of width generally, but e.g., running as much as deep along the Estonian border) was established in the Soviet Union in 1934, and later expanded, at times including vast territories.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the borders of the new Russian Federation were dramatically different, but the zone was not corrected accordingly and hence effectively ceased to exist.
In 1993, the Law on the State Border was adopted and reestablished a border strip with restricted access, which should not exceed (although in fact it became much wider in some places).
In 2006 FSB Director Nikolay Patrushev and his deputy Sergei Smirnov issued decrees delimiting the zone, which expanded greatly and included many large settlements, important transport routes and resort areas, especially in the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast, and Primorsky Krai.
It was the first title in club history.
History.
However, over the years interest fell and this team ceased to exist in the mid 1990s.
Categories.
Early on he specialized on documenting the jazz scene, later also the visiting beat and rock musicians who visited Copenhagen during the sixties and the seventies.
His works have been documented in a series of books and exhibitions (see bibliography and exhibitions) and his pictures are used on more than 1000 album and CD covers.
Biography.
Persson supplied photos to "Down Beat" since 1962, "Jazz Special" (DK), "Musica Jazz" (IT), "Melody Maker" (UK) and Danish newspapers "Politiken", "Berlingske Tidende" and "Ekstra Bladet".
Persson received the Ben Webster Prize in March 2004.
His photographs were published by a number of magazines, reissue record companies, and documentary films on the history of both jazz and rock music.
Persson's jazz and rock photographs feature American jazz greats Louis Armstrong and Miles Davis to rock icons Bob Dylan and Jimi Hendrix.
His photo archives have been exhibited internationally.
More than 15.000 pictures are now in the files of Aalborg University in Denmark.
Gerrard Mortland "Gerry" Eckhoff farms sheep and beef in the high country near Roxburgh, Central Otago.
He is a former New Zealand politician, having served as an ACT New Zealand Member of Parliament.
Member of Parliament.
He was first elected to Parliament as a list MP in the 1999 election, having been ranked ninth on ACT party list.
In the 2002 election, he was ranked eighth, and remained in Parliament.
He was an ACT party spokesperson on agriculture, fisheries, forestry, biosecurity, rural affairs and land use issues.
He remained a list MP until the 2005 election, in which he was again ranked eighth, but only two ACT MPs were returned.
Outside Parliament.
This list of animals awarded human credentials includes nonhuman animals who have been submitted as applicants to suspected diploma mills, and have been awarded a diploma.
On occasion, they have been admitted and granted a degree, as reported in reliable sources.
Animals are often used as a device to clearly demonstrate the lax standards or fraudulent activities of the awarding institutions.
In at least one case, a cat's degree helped lead to a successful fraud prosecution against the institution that had issued it.
On occasion, accredited institutions award mock degrees to animals for humorous purposes, e.g.
Cats.
Colby Nolan (MBA).
Colby Nolan was a house cat who was awarded an MBA in 2004 by Trinity Southern University, a Dallas-based diploma mill, sparking a fraud lawsuit by the Pennsylvania attorney general's office.
Colby Nolan lived with a deputy attorney general.
On the animal's application, the agents claimed that the cat had previously taken courses at a community college, worked at a fast-food restaurant, babysat, and maintained a newspaper route.
The transcript submitted by the agents claimed that Colby had a GPA of 3.5.
Upon learning that the cat received the degree, Pennsylvania attorney general Jerry Pappert filed a lawsuit against Trinity Southern University.
In the lawsuit, Pappert directed the diploma mill, which had used email spam to sell degrees, to provide restitution to anyone who had ordered a degree from them.
In December 2004, the Texas attorney general obtained a temporary restraining order under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act against Trinity Southern and its owners, Craig B. and Alton S. Poe.
The court also ordered the school's assets frozen.
It was reported that the Poes were also associated with Wesleyan International University and Prixo Southern University.
Trinity Southern University's website has been offline since 2005.
George (registration for practice as a hypnotherapist).
Kitty O'Malley (high school diploma).
In 1973, the Lakeland, Florida newspaper "The Ledger" obtained a high school diploma from "Washington High Academy" for Kitty O'Malley, a cat also known as Spanky.
While the diploma was deemed insufficient to gain Kitty admission to local colleges, the state attorney general's office planned to investigate the institution.
Oliver Greenhalgh (fellowship of estate valuation professional society).
On December 10, 1967, "The Times" reported that Oliver Greenhalgh had been accepted as a fellow of the English Association of Estate Agents and Valuers, after a payment of eleven guineas (his two references were not verified).
Oliver was a cat belonging to Michael Greenhalgh, a cameraman with Television Wales and the West, who was pursuing an investigation of bogus professional associations.
Oreo Collins (high school diploma).
Oreo C. Collins (born around 2007) is a tuxedo cat who gained notoriety when she received a diploma from Jefferson High School Online in 2009, although her age was misrepresented in order to qualify.
The sting was an investigative operation by the Better Business Bureau of Central Georgia headed by Kelvin Collins, Oreo's owner.
Zoe D. Katze (psychotherapist and hypnotherapy certifications).
Zoe D. Katze ("Zoe the Cat" in German) was a house cat owned by psychologist Steve K. D. Eichel.
Around 2001, Eichel obtained a psychotherapy certification for his cat from the American Psychotherapy Association and several hypnotherapy credentials from other organizations.
The certification of Zoe has been cited in several books and articles on credentialing scams, and has appeared in psychology and forensic curricula.
Eichel also served as the consultant to the BBC investigation that led to the certification of George the cat by several UK hypnosis associations.
Dogs.
Chester Ludlow (MBA).
In 2009, Chester Ludlow, a pug from Vermont, was awarded an MBA by Rochville University.
Lulu (college diploma).
Lulu "graduated" with higher marks than the defendant's key witness, who, the judge found, had lied that he had attended classes for his Concordia MBA.
In the legal community, the story of the witness' MBA is described as "infamous", and a supervisory management cautionary tale.
The application included his work as a reproductive specialist, noting his "natural ability in theriogenology" and "experimental work with felines" and his understanding of the merits of specialization despite a desire to do them all.
Molly (high school diploma).
According to a homeschooling advocate, Lincoln Academy and other schools were improperly taking advantage of a Texas law that prohibits discrimination by public colleges and universities against homeschooled students.
Ollie (associate editorship of medical journals).
In 2017, Mike Daube, a public health expert in Western Australia, reinvented his dog Ollie as Dr. Olivia Doll.
He made up credentials including "past associate of the Shenton Park Institute for Canine Refuge Studies" (where she was a rescue dog) and submitted her application for posts on the editorial boards of some predatory medical journals.
Several accepted her application, and the Global Journal of Addiction and Rehabilitation Medicine named her associate editor.
Pete (MBA).
The BBC current affairs program "Newsnight" reported in 2013 that the dog, named "Peter Smith" on the faked CV for a management consultant, was offered an MBA by the university's Accreditation of Previous Experiential Learning board based on his "made-up work experience and a fictitious undergraduate degree" just four days after applying for the course.
Sonny (medical degree).
The May 30, 2007 episode of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation comedy show "The Chaser's War on Everything" documented host Chas Licciardello applying online and obtaining a medical degree for his dog Sonny from the diploma mill Ashwood University.
Sonny's "work experience" included "significant proctology experience sniffing other dogs' bums".
Ashwood University has since been listed as a Non Accredited Degree Supplier in the states of Michigan, Oregon, and Texas.
Wally (associate's degrees).
In 2004, the Albany, New York television station WRGB ran a report in which reporter Peter Brancato applied to and received an associate degree from Almeda University on behalf of his dog, Wally.
On the application, Brancato listed, "Plays with the kids every day ... teaches them to interact better with each other ...
Teaches them responsibilities like feeding the dog."
Almeda University granted Wally a "life experience" associate degree in "Childhood Development".
After the report aired, Almeda University protested that Brancato perjured himself by creating a false identity using a fabricated name and date of birth.
In March 2008, Wally was featured in a Lake Geneva, Wisconsin mayoral campaign political cartoon, with a dialogue bubble reading, "I graduated with Bill Chesen", referring to candidate Chesen's Almeda University bachelor's degree.
Other.
Algernon (goldfish).
Yesterday Went Too Soon is the second studio album by Welsh rock band Feeder.
It was released on 30 August 1999 on The Echo Label.
The title track gave them their first top 20 single, and the album would in total give the band 4 top 50 hits.
Its critical and cult appeal including slots on Top of the Pops for the first time, enabled the album to aid the band's breakthrough which was completed on the follow-up "Echo Park".
The album gained a Silver certification in April 2001, shortly before the release of breakthrough album "Echo Park", and then went Gold in March 2003 after the extended commercial recognition of "Comfort In Sound", thus making the album an overdue commercial success sales-wise.
Despite the band's American breakthrough with single "High" and extensive touring in the States, "Yesterday Went Too Soon" was never released in the US.
Promotional copies of the album were released by the band's former US label Elektra, but they would ultimately turn down the album for distribution.
Charts and sales.
When the album was released, the band's reputation was on the rise and it entered the UK albums chart at number eight, which was at the time an unexpected chart position for the band.
The album was then released on 30 August 1999.
Background.
The band decided to self-produce the album, brought in Matt Sime for engineering duties and had the album mixed in New York by Andy Wallace.
The working title for the album was originally "A Life Through Headphones", and was originally set to be a double album.
The name change was due to former Take That singer Robbie Williams releasing his solo debut album "Life Thru a Lens", with the band not wanting to be compared to him.
The album was written and recorded during and before the band's US tour of 1998.
Before they left the UK, some demos were recorded with a few completed into final recordings, with some of these featuring on their single "Suffocate" as B-sides.
"Dry" on CD2 of the single was later made into a full band version, as opposed to the acoustic recording found on the single.
Some of the album's lyrical themes were derived from Grant's personal perspective of working in a menial supermarket job ("Day in Day Out"), his experiences after gigs on their US tour ("Insomnia" and "You're My Evergreen"), past relationships (the title track and "Dry"), the music industry ("Hole in My Head") and "fear of commitment in relationships" ("Anaesthetic") amongst others.
Musically, the album employed an indie rock feel to it, which also featured extended appearances of an acoustic guitar on some of its tracks.
"Dry" was re-recorded as a full band version after the original acoustic version appeared on "Suffocate" as a b-side.
That single's b-sides featured tracks from the sessions for that album, therefore revealing what sort of direction it would take on.
The mines were in the middle of the rain forest with no river connection to the outside world.
In 1884 construction began on a railway line to Gare Tigre near Saint-Nazaire.
The railway line needed frequent repairs, and had over 100 bridges.
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "TMED5" gene.
Gene.
General properties.
"TMED5" (transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 5) is also known as "p28", "p24g2", and "CGI-100".
The human gene spans 30,775 base pairs over 4 exons and 3 introns for transcript variant 1, 5 exons and 4 introns for transcript variant 2, and it is located on the minus strand of chromosome 1, at 1p22.1.
Expression.
TMED5 has ubiquitous expression with transcripts detected in 246 tissues.
Androgen deprivation led to lower expression in mice splenocytes compared to the control.
Human dendritic cells infected with "Chlamydia pneumoniae" showed an absence of "TMED5" expression compared to uninfected dendritic cells which had moderate expression. mRNA transcript.
TMED5 has two coding transcript variants and one non-coding transcript variant produced by alternative splicing.
Isoform 1 has 4 exons and encodes a protein 229 amino acids.
Isoform 2 has 5 exons and encodes a protein with a shorter C-terminus 193 amino acids due to an additional exon causing a frameshift.
Protein.
General properties.
TMED5 contains a signal peptide.
Both isoforms have an isolectric point of approximately 4.6.
Composition.
Compared to the reference set of human proteins, TMED5 has fewer alanine and proline residues but more aspartic acid and phenylalanine residues.
TMED5 isoform 1 has one hydrophobic segment that corresponds with its transmembrane region.
Domains and motifs.
TMED5 isoform 1 is a single-pass transmembrane protein and is composed of a lumenal domain, one transmembrane (helical) domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
TMED5 contains a di-lysine motif and predicted NLS in its cytoplasmic tail.
Structure.
The structure of TMED5 isoform 1 consists of beta strands making up the lumenal region, disparate coil-coiled regions, alpha helices making up the transmembrane domain, and alpha helices making up some of the cytoplasmic domain.
Post-translational modifications.
TMED5 has two predicted phosphorylation sites in the cytosolic region, Ser227 and Thr229.
Localization.
TMED5's predicted location is in the plasma membrane, with an extracellular N-terminus and intracellular C-terminus.
TMED5's localization is predicted to be cytoplasmic, but has been found in some tissues to be located in the nucleus.
Interacting proteins.
The following table provides a list of proteins most likely to interact with TMED5.
Not shown in the table are Wnt family proteins which are known to interact with the p24 protein family.
Function and clinical significance.
TMED5 is a part of the p24 protein family whose general functions are protein trafficking for the secretory pathway.
TMED5 is thought to be necessary in the formation of the Golgi into a ribbon.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) depend on p24 cargo receptors for transport from the ER to the Golgi.
TMED5 is reported to be necessary for the secretion of Wnt ligands.
Research has identified bladder cancer to have a common chromosomal amplification at 1p21-22 and showed significant upregulation of "TMED5."
Evolution.
Homology.
Paralogs.
TMED5 paralogs include TMED1, TMED2, TMED3, TMED4, TMED6, TMED7, TMED8, TMED9, and TMED10.
Orthologs.
TMED5 is found to be conserved in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and fungi, and there are 243 known organisms that have orthologs with the gene.
A special effects supervisor, also referred to as a special effects director, special effects coordinator or SFX supervisor, is an individual who works on a commercial, theater, television or film set creating special effects.
Special effects include anything that is manually or mechanically manipulated (also called "practical effects" or in camera effects).
Special effects (SFX) or (SPFX) are produced on the set, as opposed to those created in post-production which are generally called "visual effects" (VFX).
In recent years, physical special effects have been increasingly overshadowed by computer-generated imagery (CGI) effects created in post-production."
Examples of special effects are explosions, car crashes and chases, gunshots, earthquake effects, special makeup, prosthetics, special set construction, snow and rain.
A special effects technician is a person working in the special effects department, under the special effects supervisor, who is responsible for creating and assisting special effects.
Movies with many special effects may require many special effects technicians.
Skills.
A special effects supervisor's primary responsibility ensuring the safety of their crew and everyone on set.
Knowledge of laws and safety protocols are essential when using explosives, firearms, or any other potentially dangerous devices or materials on a production.
Local safety officials may also visit the set and perform inspections before cameras are allowed to roll.
Specific health and safety education programs are recommended for special-effects workers, and specialized training is required for handling explosives, firearms, high voltage, and other hazardous equipment.
On set, the supervisor is in charge of setting up and operating physical effects.
Being an effective special-effects supervisor requires creativity, imagination and experience, as they enable the supervisor to determine how effects can be implemented to convincingly render the events in the script.
Strong communication, presentation and collaborative skills are also assets.
The head of the special effects team works closely with the production designer and art director.
The supervisor plans an effects scene and presents it to the director, hoping it meets the director's vision.
Photography experience is also an advantage in a supervisor's work, as it helps them plan such things as camera angles and special filming requirements.
Although some courses in special effects are available, the fine points of the craft are often learned by directly assisting and apprenticing to experienced professionals in the course of productions.
Many people interested in entering effects work begin learning about it at a young age, and seek whatever opportunities they can to observe and learn from professionals.
Education.
Entry into this career path is competitive.
There are various paths that one can take in order to become a special effects supervisor.
People with animation, computer science and industrial design backgrounds are often considered primary candidates for effects work.
A formal education, particularly in electrical engineering and mechanical engineering, is suggested.
Some enter into this profession with degrees in film and television production.
Students with fine art or sculpting experience may be well-equipped for special effects careers in modeling, illustration, animation, and other artistic aspects of effects.
Modern special effects tend to be computer generated nowadays, blending physical and digital techniques, so familiarity with computer graphics can also be advantageous for people who work primarily with physical effects.
Special effects are a form of science, so courses in chemistry, physics and biology are recommended.
Mathematics and finance skills are valuable for such things as effects department budgets, scheduling, and other administrative work.
The International Criminal Court investigation in Mali or the Situation in the Republic of Mali is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court (ICC) into war crimes and other crimes within the ICC's jurisdiction that are alleged to have occurred during the Northern Mali conflict since January 2012.
The investigation was requested by the government of Mali in July 2012.
As the first person who pleaded guilty to a charge of the ICC, al-Mahdi made a statement expressing remorse and advising others not to commit similar acts.
On 27 September 2016, al-Mahdi was sentenced to nine years in prison for the destruction of cultural world heritage in the Malian city of Timbuktu.
At least nine mausoleums and one mosque were destroyed.
Background.
Several human rights organisations reported on human rights abuses during the Northern Mali conflict that started in early 2012.
The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and its Malian member organisation Association Malienne des Droits de l'Homme (AMDH) published a detailed report in December 2012, referring to evidence of a rape campaign in Gao and Timbuktu after their takeover by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), recruitment of 12- to 15-year-old children as child soldiers by Ansar Dine, and the summary execution of up to 153 Malian soldiers by the MNLA and Ansar Dine on 24 January 2012.
Human Rights Watch reported the use of "several hundred" child soldiers by the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO), and Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).
Amnesty International published a detailed report in May 2012, describing the human rights situation as "Mali's worst human rights situation in 50 years".
Referral.
On 13 July 2012, the government of Mali, represented by its Minister of Justice Malick Coulibaly, made a formal request to the ICC to investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity that took place in Mali since January 2012.
Investigation.
The ICC's Office of the Prosecutor gathered evidence, and on 16 January 2013, the Court formally started a full investigation led by Chief Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda.
The 16 January 2013 ICC report listed evidence for suspected crimes that include some attributed to the MNLA, such as the executions at Aguelhok of about 100 Malian army soldiers on 24 January 2012, and some attributed to the Malian army, such as the Diabaly September 2012 massacre of 16 unarmed preachers.
Cases.
Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi.
On 18 September 2015, the court issued an arrest warrant for Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi, who was accused of the war crime of intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, specifically the mausoleums and mosques located in Timbuktu.
They were destroyed by members of Ansar Dine and other Islamist groups in 2012.
On 26 September 2015, he was sent from Niger to the court's detention center in The Hague.
On 27 September 2016, al-Mahdi was sentenced to nine years in prison for the destruction of cultural world heritage in the Malian city of Timbuktu.
Al Hassan.
Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud, born on 19 September 1977, was allegedly a member of Ansar Dine and the de facto chief of the Islamic Police.
He has also been allegedly involved in the work of the Islamic court in Timbuktu and in executing its decisions.
Al Hassan is currently being charged for crimes against humanity allegedly committed in Timbuktu, Mali, for allegedly participating in a widespread and systematic attack by armed groups against the civilian population of Timbuktu and its region, between 1 April 2012 and 28 January 2013.
"Living Fossil" is a science fiction story by American writer L. Sprague de Camp, on the concepts of human extinction and future evolution.
It was first published in the magazine "Astounding Science-Fiction" for February 1939.
The story has been translated into Danish, Swedish and Italian.
It is perhaps the earliest work of fiction dealing with the afterwards popular theme of humanity being replaced by other intelligent primates in the future, later epitomized by Pierre Boulle's "Planet of the Apes".
Plot summary.
In the far future (perhaps five to ten million years from now), humans and much of the world's fauna have gone extinct, and new creatures have evolved from the remaining species to take their places.
"Jmu", intelligent primates evolved from capuchin monkeys, now fill the niche left by humans, giant agoutis that of horses, giant tapirs that of elephants.
There are also giant rabbits.
Other animals, like bears, lions, deer, geese, ducks, snakes, dragonflies, grasshoppers, fleas and mayflies, continue to survive in their previous ecological roles.
It is a world of depleted resources, much of these having been used up by humans, but the "Jmu" have developed to a fairly high level their own technology, including aeronautical balloons, rifles, binoculars and cameras.
Two "Jmu" from South America, zoologist Nawputta and his guide Chujee, an amateur naturalist, are exploring what was once the Pittsburgh area of North America's Eastern Forest.
Their goal is to catalogue new species and investigate the scant, ruinous remains of human civilization.
They encounter Nguchoy tsu Chaw, a timber scout for the local "Jmu" colony.
Nguchoy treats the newcomers with suspicion, but he helpfully steers them towards a huge stand of valuable pine.
In the pine forest the scientists happen upon fresh bones that Nawputta excitedly identifies as human, previously only known from fossils.
They appear to have been shot by "Jmu".
Later, Nawputta manages to shoot a live specimen, a primitive armed with a wooden club, which he proceeds to skin and dissect in the interest of science.
Discovered by other humans, he and Chujee hastily retreat as they rouse the countryside with signal drums and the whole tribe hunts them with spears.
The "Jmu" drive the tribe off with gunfire and escape a subsequent ambush.
They outdistance pursuit, but the humans are still on their trail.
Nawputta and Chujee rendezvous back at Nguchoy's camp, finding him absent.
Ruminating on previous suspicions, they reason the timber scout encountered the humans first and stirred them up by murdering the man whose remains they had initially found.
He then directed his fellow "Jmu" into the same area, intending they meet their own deaths at the hands of the angered humans, leaving him sole, undisputed claim to the valuable timber.
In this light, it also occurs to them that the death of Nguchoy's partner came at a most convenient time for him.
They locate the grave of Jawga and find he died by gunshot, not snakebite.
On Nguchoy's return, they surprise the scout, who confesses.
They thereupon confiscate his canoe and depart down river, leaving him alone to face the vengeance of the approaching humans.
Nawputta plans to return to South America before the local colonists rediscover and despoil the forest, hoping to have the human habitat set aside as a preserve for these living fossils.
Reception.
John K. Aiken, in his review of the anthology "A Treasury of Science Fiction", included "Living Fossil" in "the dozen or more ... first-class stories it boasts."
Critics Alexei and Cory Panshin have noted the environmentalist subtext of the story, noting that it suggests "that our fall came to pass not through the operation of some iron law of growth and decay, but rather as the result of a multiplicity of human failings, not the least of which was abuse of the environment.
...
But for de Camp, mankind was by no means inevitably doomed.
There was an obvious way forward, and that was for us to embrace nature, and not to rebel against it."
Relation to other works.
The plot feature of other primates taking the place of an extinct humanity in the far future is also explored in de Camp's novel "Genus Homo" (1950), written in collaboration with P. Schuyler Miller.
Another use of intelligent non-human primates can be found in de Camp's later short story "The Blue Giraffe" (1939).
The simplicity of the initial Tandon design reflected the chosen export market where the two-stroke engined motorcycles were to be sent CKD (Completely Knocked Down) for assembly abroad.
Indeed, it took one Tandon factory worker only eight hours to completely assemble four Tandon motorcycles.
Tandon received great publicity when Pandit Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, was photographed astride a Milemaster while visiting Caxton Hall in 1948.
The export plan never materialised and the Milemaster, with its modest specificationhand gear change and bicycle seatand lacking rear suspension, was marketed instead in the United Kingdom until 1952.
However, the suspension itself was highly unusual with damper units being replaced by a bell crank linked to rubber bands for suspension and a hard rubber block for compression action, all located under the gearbox.
These did not have as standard the telescopic front fork as fitted to prior Tandon models but instead boasted an Armstrong Earles-fork arrangement.
Despite the Milemaster design and manufacture having shown "a good deal of thought", Tandon motorcycles suffered from a poor reputation , enjoying only limited popularity.
Phil Callaway (born July 26, 1961) is a Canadian humor writer and author.
He has written more than two dozen books of family humor, children's literature, and novels, many of which are Christian-themed.
Early life.
Callaway was born and raised in Three Hills, Alberta, Canada, where his parents worked on staff at the Prairie Bible College.
He attended Prairie High School and Prairie Bible College as a student.
Career.
His first two books, "Honey, I Dunked the Kids" (1993) and "Daddy, I Blew up the Shed" (1994) were based on material originally published in his column "Family Matters" in "Servant" Magazine.
His column "Family Matters" appears in several magazines, and is translated into numerous languages including Chinese, French, German, and Norwegian.
His work is primarily Christian, and at least one review has said that he bases his humor on a religious message "that in the long run overshadows and lessens the comic message."
Callaway has stated that he uses humor not just to entertain, but to inspire.
"I love to make people laugh.
I've seen them fall off chairs when I speak.
But I also like to tell them why I'm not in a home weaving baskets somewhere and it's because of faith and hope."
He travels primarily in North America speaking approximately 100 times a year to corporations, health care conferences, and churches.
He is also a frequent guest on national radio and television programs.
Callaway's speeches and books frequently discuss life's challenges.
His book Laughing Matters is the story of how he battled bitterness in the wake of his wife's epilepsy.
He has also written about Huntington's disease, his father's death from Alzheimer's and his mother's dementia.
He told "The Calgary Herald" how his speaking career began.
"People would call and ask me to speak.
I would say, 'I can't speak but I can make you laugh.
And they'd say, 'Come make us laugh.'
And that's where it started."
In 2011, Callaway has produced a book on honesty, "To Be Perfectly Honest", and a children's book "Be Kind, Be Friendly, Be Thankful" to help children deal with saying goodbye to a parent.
In January 2013 Good News Broadcasting launched Callaway's 4-minute daily radio program "Laugh Again" which airs in Canada and the United States.
Religious beliefs.
Country singer Paul Brandt interviewed Callaway on his website, asking Callaway to share his religious beliefs.
He responded, "I've traveled the world, I've searched the literature.
Nothing has answered my questions like the life and words of Jesus.
I'm not into religion, I'm into a relationship with him.
Several years ago I was in a Seattle airport washroom during an earthquake (what a place to die!).
I'd been on a trip to check out a job offering three times my current salary.
I'd been dreaming about a step up the ladder, about all the stuff I could buy, all the prestige I could have.
But the earthquake shook me hard.
(As the place shook, the guy in the stall next to me yelled, 'Did I do that?')
I'll consider myself a success when I'm making others homesick for heaven.'
That's my life mission and I can't believe how much fun I'm having following it."
Personal life.
Callaway married his high school sweetheart in 1982.
The Mosenson Youth Village is a youth village in Hod HaSharon, Israel.
The youth village was named after Ben Zion Mossensohn, a teacher, public figure and one of the founders of Tel Aviv.
History.
Mosinzon school was established as a school for agriculture, and was part of a network of schools of the Zionist Youth Movement.
Its goal was to teach the young immigrants ("olim") arriving from the diaspora, along with Israeli youth from around the country, for life of labor, creativity and self-fulfillment, in science, technology, arts and sports.
To this end, a boarding school was established, and exists until these days, as part of the youth village.
By the end of World War II, the youth village received young Holocaust survivors who immigrated to Israel.
In 1943 the first class of the survivors graduated.
Comprehensive studies started in 1967 in collaboration with the local municipality of Hod-Hasharon.
Academics.
Currently the youth village consists of a high-school and a boarding school.
The school hosts the children of the local communities, and offers technological and comprehensive studies.
Its present principal is Rami Egozi.
In addition, it received the Education Award for cultural collaboration from the Teachers' Association.
The boarding school admits students from all around Israel as well as students from abroad.
It is considered to be one of the leading boarding schools in Israel, and recently has received Best Boarding School Education Award.
It also offers classes of biomedicine, electronics, film, "Nachshon Program" and general studies.
The 2014 Memphis Tigers football team represented the University of Memphis in the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season.
The Tigers were coached by third-year head coach Justin Fuente and played their home games at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.
The Tigers competed as a member of the American Athletic Conference.
However, the Tigers turned completely around.
It was their first conference championship (shared) since 1971 when Memphis was part of the Missouri Valley Conference.
It is currently used mostly for football matches and are the home stadium of Khanh Hoa FC and 2016 Asian Beach Games.
Born in Tortola, the Virgin Islands, he was educated in England.
Arrindell worked as barrister in Georgetown and in 1824, he defended John Smith in his trial.
Arrindell became Attorney-General of British Guiana in 1845 and was subsequently appointed Chief Justice of British Guiana in 1852.
He was created a Knight Bachelor in 1858 and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the same year.
He died at Demerara, aged 66, from the consequences of a fall from a staircase.
It is also the starting point of the Sup'ung Line and the Amrokkang Line.
History.
It was located at Santa Anita, in the San Gabriel Valley, at the base of Little Santa Anita Canyon.
Born at the royal palace of La Granja, San Ildefonso near Segovia, Spain on 22 June 1909, Infanta Beatriz was the third child among the six surviving children of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg.
Infanta Beatriz was educated within the walls of the Palacio de Oriente by English nannies.
She learned English and French along with Spanish.
The children spoke in English to their mother and Spanish to their father.
Infanta Beatriz and her sister Maria Cristina, two years her junior, yearned to go to private schools like the daughters of the nobility who frequented the palace as their playmates, but, following Spanish tradition, they were educated by governesses and private tutors.
They studied languages, history, religion and took piano and dancing lessons.
Their parents placed great importance on outdoor exercise and Infanta Beatriz became fond of sports.
She was a very good swimmer, played tennis and golf and loved horseback riding.
While in Madrid she played in the palace gardens and made excursions on horseback.
In summer the royal family moved to Palacio de la Magdalena, near Santander, where they practiced water sports.
The two sisters also made some visits to England to stay with their maternal grandmother at Kensington Palace.
Early life.
During the late 1920s, Infanta Beatriz and her sister Infanta Cristina presided at a number of official engagements while heading various institutions and sponsoring events.
They were involved with, among other issues, animal protection.
Beatriz and her sister took nursing classes, helping twice a week at the Red Cross in Madrid from 9 am to 1 pm and from 3 to 7 pm.
Beatriz, who resembled her Spanish relatives, was a brunette, tall and lean like her father.
Her official debut in society was celebrated in 1927 with a court ball at the royal palace.
Her second brother, Jaime, was deaf and only the third brother, Juan, was completely healthy.
In 1929, Infanta Beatriz turned twenty years old.
They were seen taking horse rides together, but a marriage between them was out of the question.
When the dictator found out about their romance, he sent his son abroad.
Because Beatriz and her sister could be carriers of hemophilia, like their mother, King Alphonso XIII was reluctant to follow the tradition of finding husbands for them among Catholic royal princes.
It was expected that Infanta Beatriz would marry Alonso and Maria Cristina, Alvaro, but nothing came out of it as their companionship was interrupted when the turbulent political situation in Spain derailed their lives.
Exile.
The support that Alfonso XIII gave to the unpopular dictatorship of Primo de Rivera discredited the king.
Municipal elections, held on 12 April 1931, were unfavorable to the monarchy.
The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed two days later.
Lacking the backing of the military forces, King Alfonso felt obliged to leave the country the same day, but did not abdicate, hoping to be called back to the throne.
Infanta Beatriz, her mother and her siblings, except for Infante Don Juan, who was away on assignment in the Spanish navy, were left behind in Madrid.
Following the advice of her supporters, the queen and her five children left the Royal Palace by car to El Escorial, and from there, they took a train to France.
They soon moved to a private wing of the Savoy Hotel in Fontainebleau.
Accompanied by their mother, the two infantas made visits to Paris twice a week by car or with a lady in waiting by train.
While in Paris they spent time with horses at a riding school or playing tennis with friends.
The marriage of their parents was unhappy and even in Spain the King and Queen led separate lives.
Once in exile, the royal couple separated permanently.
Queen Victoria Eugenie moved to London and later to Lausanne, Switzerland and the two infantas lived for a time with her.
In 1933 the king moved to Rapallo and as life was too isolated for Beatriz and her sister in Lausanne, they moved with their father to Italy.
At their daughters' insistence, King Alfonso moved to Rome and rented a house for them there.
Infanta Beatriz and her sister became friends with the members of the Italian royal family and quickly adapted to life in Rome.
In 1934 tragedy struck.
Trying to avoid a bicycle rider who had crossed their path, she slammed the car into a wall.
The accident did not, at first, seem serious, but Infante Gonzalo, a hemophiliac, was bleeding internally and died in the early hours of the following day, 13 August 1934.
Marriage and issue.
At the time of her brother's death, Infanta Beatriz was looking forward to her wedding.
While visiting Ostia, she was introduced to an Italian aristocrat, Alessandro Torlonia, 5th Prince di Civitella-Cesi.
Torlonia, who had inherited large estates from his father in 1933, was the son of Marino, 4th Prince di Civitella-Cesi and Mary Elsie Moore, an American heiress.
His family had acquired a fortune in the 18th and 19th centuries by administering the finances of the Vatican, receiving the title of Prince of Civitella-Cesi in 1803 from Pope Pius VII.
Although "Don" Alessandro was a prince, he did not belong to a reigning or formerly reigning dynasty, so Beatriz had to marry him morganatically, renouncing her rights of succession to the throne of Spain.
Alfonso XIII, realizing that the combination of the threat of hemophilia and their situation in exile would make it difficult for his daughters to find royal husbands, gave his consent to this union.
Thousands of Spaniards traveled from Spain to give support to the deposed royal family in what became a political event.
However, neither Queen Victoria Eugenie nor Beatriz's eldest brother, Alfonso, Count of Covadonga, who were on bad terms with the King, attended the wedding.
After the ceremony, the young couple was received by Pope Pius XI.
Infanta Beatriz settled with her husband in the Palazzo Torlonia, a 16th-century Early Renaissance town house on Via della Conciliazione in Rome.
King Alfonso XIII died in 1941 and as the situation deteriorated in Italy during World War II, Infanta Beatriz with her family joined her siblings in Lausanne, spending the rest of the war close to their mother Queen Victoria Eugenie.
Beatriz returned to Italy after the war and dwelt there for the rest of her life.
In 1950, while staying with her brother Juan, in Estoril, Portugal, Infanta Beatriz obtained authorization from Francisco Franco to make a visit to Spain.
She returned to Spain on 25 August 1950 for the first time since her departure to exile almost twenty years earlier.
She came with her husband and their daughter Sandra from Lisbon.
They stayed at the Ritz hotel in Madrid visiting the palace of la Granja, where the Infanta was born, and the Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza.
Infanta Beatriz was received with such a manifestation of support for the monarchy that after only a week, of a planned much longer visit, the government gave her only twenty four hours to leave the country.
Although the family tried to arrange a marriage for the Infanta's daughter, Sandra, with King Baudouin of Belgium, she caused her parents concern when in 1958 she married Clemente Lequio, a widower with a son, who was given the title "Count Lequio di Assaba" in 1963 by Umberto II of Italy.
Sandra had a son and a daughter with Lequio, who died after a fall from an upper floor in his house in Turin in 1971.
Their son, Alesandro Lequio, moved to Spain in 1991 working initially for Fiat.
Infanta Beatriz's eldest son, Marco, married three times and had three children, one in each marriage.
His eldest son, "Don" Giovanni Torlonia, is a well known designer.
Infanta Beatriz's second son, Marino, died unmarried in 1995 of HIV-related illnesses.
Among their six children is Princess Sibilla of Luxembourg.
Infanta Beatriz remained very fond of Spain and supported the claims to the Spanish throne of her brother Don Juan.
In 1962, she joined the Spanish royal family in the celebration in Athens for the wedding of her nephew the future King Don Juan Carlos with Princess Sophia of Greece.
A femur fracture in 1973 never healed completely, affecting Infanta Beatriz's mobility for the rest of her life.
Her fragile health did not allow her to join her family at the ascension to the throne of King Juan Carlos, the wedding of the Infantas Elena and Cristina or the ceremonies for the return to Spain of the remains of her parents and siblings who had died in exile.
Nevertheless, Infanta Beatriz not only survived all of her siblings, but visited Spain again in 1998 to visit la Granja.
Magazine, where she discussed her life and the years of the Royal Family's exile from Spain.
She died at her home in Palazzo Torlonia, Rome on 22 November 2002 at 93 years 5 months.
History.
It is the seventh station towards Jabaquara.
The lines attend the municipalities of Guarulhos, Mogi das Cruzes, Barueri and Osasco.
He was the former executive vice president of research and development at Porsche AG.
Life.
He has a degree in Automotive Engineering and a Post Graduate degree in Engineering Business Management from the University of Applied Sciences, Munich.
Career.
He also has been the chairman and chief executive officer at Bentley Motors Limited and president of Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. since June 1, 2014.
He has received a Fulbright scholarship.
Ordered in 1977, "Nanggala" was launched in 1980 and commissioned in 1981.
It conducted intelligence gathering operations in the Indian Ocean and around East Timor and North Kalimantan.
It was a participant of the international Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training naval exercise and conducted a passing exercise with .
On 21 April 2021, the ship went missing during a routine exercise in the Bali Sea.
It was commanded by Colonel Harry Setyawan, and had 49 crewmembers and 3 weapon specialists on board.
The Indonesian Navy, assisted by other countries, conducted a search, and three days later debris was discovered from the point of last contact, and "Nanggala" was declared sunk.
On 26 April, the Indonesian government awarded posthumous promotions to everyone aboard the ship.
The cause of the sinking is presumed to be a power outage.
"Nanggala" had experienced outages before but recovered successfully.
Name.
The submarine was named after the "Nanggala", a powerful, divine short spear wielded by Prabhu Baladewa, a Hindu god mentioned in the "Mahabharata" and a character in "wayang" puppet theatre.
Legend states that the spear is capable of melting mountains and splitting oceans.
The vessel was also known as "Nanggala II" in order to differentiate it from RI "Nanggala" (S-02), an older submarine sharing the same name.
Design and construction.
"Nanggala" was laid down on 14 March 1978 and launched on 10 September 1980.
It was tested in West German waters before it was handed over to Indonesia on 6 July 1981.
"Nanggala" left West Germany in early August 1981 with 38 crew members under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Armand Aksyah.
The submarine was first presented to the public on the 36th anniversary of the Indonesian National Armed Forces on 5 October 1981.
Sixteen days later, it was commissioned by the Minister of Defense and Security, General M.Jusuf.
Historical context.
During the 1960s, Indonesia was known as one of the largest Asian naval powers, with 12 Soviet-made Whiskey-class submarines in its fleet.
However, by 1981, during the Indonesian New Order, when "Cakra" and "Nanggala" arrived in Indonesia to reinforce the country's naval defenses, only one of the 12 Whiskey-class submarines had still retained the ability to dive.
The Indonesian government had planned to purchase a Type 206A submarine from Germany in the late 1990s, but was unable to do so due to funding issues.
During the beginning of the Reform Era, an embargo on military equipment imposed by the U.S., as well as continuing financial problems experienced as a result of the Asian financial crisis, meant that the Indonesian Navy was unable to procure any additional submarines until 2017.
As a result, "Cakra" and "Nanggala" were the only active submarines in the Indonesian Navy between the decommissioning of in 1994 and the commissioning of in 2017.
By 2020, Indonesia had made plans to own and operate eight submarines by 2024.
Service history.
"Nanggala" participated in several naval exercises, including the Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training exercises in 2002 and 2015.
In 2004, the boat participated in the Joint Marine Operations Exercise held in the Indian Ocean, during which it sank the decommissioned .
The submarine conducted a number of intelligence-gathering operations in the waters around Indonesia, including one in the Indian Ocean from April to May 1992, and another around East Timor from August to October 1999, in which the boat tracked the movements of the International Force East Timor as it landed in the region.
During May 2005, the submarine was tasked with scouting, infiltrating, and hunting down strategic targets around Ambalat, after Indonesian and Malaysian were involved in a minor collision near the area.
"Nanggala" underwent a refit at Howaldtswerke that was completed in 1989.
After the refit, "Nanggala" became capable of firing four torpedoes simultaneously at four different targets and launching anti-ship missiles such as Exocet or Harpoon.
Its safe diving depth was increased to , and its top speed was increased from to .
In 2012, three crew members of the "Nanggala" died in a failed torpedo launch exercise.
The submarine was then sent to South Korea for repair.
Sinking.
On 21 April 2021, Air Chief Marshal Hadi Tjahjanto, Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, reported that "Nanggala" was believed to have disappeared in waters about north of Bali.
Indonesian Navy spokesperson First Admiral stated that "Nanggala" had been conducting a torpedo drill, but failed to report its results as expected.
Further details emerged that "Nanggala" had requested permission to dive to fire an SUT torpedo at (, ).
The last communication with "Nanggala" was at , when the commanding officer of the training task force would have authorized the firing of torpedo number 8.
Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy Yudo Margono reported that "Nanggala" had fired a live torpedo and a practice torpedo before contact was lost.
The navy sent a distress call to the International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office at around to report the boat as missing and presumably sunk.
The navy stated that it was possible that "Nanggala" experienced a power outage before falling to a depth of .
Widjojono stated that "Nanggala" was able to dive to a depth of .
The deepest areas of the Bali Sea are over below sea level.
It was also reported that the underwater telephone (UWT) of the submarine was defective during the drill, hampering communications between the boat and rescue vessels in the area.
The highest-ranking naval officer in the submarine was Colonel Harry Setyawan, the commander of the submarine unit of the 2nd Fleet Command.
Subordinates with him were Lieutenant Colonel Heri Oktavian, the commander of the submarine, and Lieutenant Colonel Irfan Suri, an officer from the Weapons Materials and Electronics Service.
Submarine experts stated that submarines have backup systems that may provide sufficient oxygen for some time depending on the state of the equipment.
A crisis center equipped with an ambulance and a mobile hyperbaric chamber was established at the headquarters in Surabaya.
The center was also a source of information for the media and families of the submarine crew members.
Indonesian president Joko Widodo stated that the safety of the crew of "Nanggala" was of top priority and invited everyone to pray for the crew's safety.
Rescue efforts.
Widjojono stated that a team of divers was searching for the boat.
"Janes Defence News" also reported that the navy had sent a number of other warships to the area.
The governments of Australia, Singapore, and India had responded to Indonesian requests for assistance.
On , the Indonesian Navy reported that an oil slick had been observed at multiple locations.
Indonesian frigate "Raden Eddy Martadinata" had detected movement underwater at a speed of but was unable to obtain enough information to identify the contact before it disappeared.
Admiral Yudo Margono, Chief Staff of Indonesian Navy, also reported that an Indonesian naval vessel had detected an object that was magnetic at a depth of .
Yudo Margono also noted on Thursday that three submarines, five airplanes, and 21 warships had been deployed in the search effort.
Submarine had also joined the search. , a warship with more powerful sonar equipment, was expected to arrive on .
The Republic of Singapore Navy deployed its submarine rescue vessels, and Royal Malaysian Navy sent its respectively, to the scene.
Indian Navy announced that their deep-submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) had departed naval facilities at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, en route to the search area.
U.S. Department of Defense press secretary John Kirby stated that the department was sending airborne assets to assist in the search.
These included a P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft.
On 23 April, the Indonesian National Police also sent four police ships equipped with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and sonar devices.
Fleet Commander Australia, Rear Admiral Mark Hammond announced that HMAS "Ballarat" and HMAS "Sirius" would join the search operation.
Other nations, including Germany, France, Russia, Turkey, and Thailand, offered assistance.
Discovery.
On 24 April 2021, the Indonesian Navy announced the finding of debris, including a part associated with torpedo tubes, a coolant pipe insulator, a bottle of periscope grease, and prayer rugs.
Because the debris was found within of the point of last contact and no other vessels were believed to be in the area, the debris was believed to have come from the submarine, and "Nanggala" was declared sunk.
Yudo Margono stated that a sonar scan had shown the submarine at a depth of , and its crush depth was presumed to be .
On 25 April 2021, the Indonesian Navy confirmed that the Nanggala had imploded and that all 53 personnel on board were lost.
Underwater scans identified parts of the submarine, including the rudder, diving plane, anchor, and external parts of the pressure hull, as well as items such as an MK11 submarine escape suit.
The ROV Super Spartan from "MV Swift Rescue" of the Singapore Navy first made visual contact with the wreck and determined that the submarine had split into three parts.
Using a multibeam echosounder, KRI "Rigel" confirmed the final position of "Nanggala" at a depth of at the coordinates , roughly from where "Nanggala" had dived.
Analysis.
Cause.
The Navy said "Nanggala" might have had a power outage.
The boat had experienced a power outage before because of a blown electrical fuse, but the boat successfully recovered after the ship executed an emergency main ballast tank blow.
After the finding of debris from "Nanggala", Yudo Margono said the submarine might have cracked instead of exploded, as an explosion would have been detected by sonar.
Indonesian legislator and retired Major General Tubagus Hasanuddin suspected the refit, performed by the South Korean firm DSME in 2012, may not have been performed properly.
He said that after the refit, the submarine had failed a torpedo firing test, which resulted in three deaths.
Hasanuddin also said "Nanggala" had exceeded its design capacity of 38 with 53 people on board when it sank.
Yudo Margono said the vessel was combat ready, had received a letter of acceptance, and had a history of successful firing exercises.
Hasanuddin also questioned why 53 people were allowed on board the "Nanggala" when it sunk despite the ship only being designed for 34 crew.
Alleged poor maintenance.
"Nanggala" commander Lt. Col. Heri Oktavian, who died in the incident, had voiced his frustration with the maintenance status of the "Nanggala" to Edna C. Pattisna, a close friend, who is also a reporter with local news media Kompas, for which she published an article titled "Message from KRI Nanggala-402 Commander".
Oktavian claimed that the workmanship quality and maintenance services performed by state-owned shipyard PT PAL Indonesia were unsatisfactory and suffered from frequent delays.
He lamented that an officer encountered criticism from his superiors for reporting the poor workmanship by PT PAL on the KRI "Alugoro", a "Changbogo"-class submarine assembled by PT PAL's Surabaya yard and launched on 11 April 2019.
"Nanggala" was last serviced by PT PAL in 2020.
No further refitting of "Nanggala" was requested to DSME after the 2012 refit despite the need for submarines to undergo maintenance at least once every six years.
Aftermath.
After the Indonesian Navy declared "Nanggala" lost with all hands, the People's Consultative Assembly recommended a posthumous promotion for all personnel on board.
Hadi Tjahjanto stated that he would propose the promotions to Indonesian President Joko Widodo.
A day later, on 26 April, Joko Widodo announced that the government would award a posthumous promotion and confer posthumously the "Bintang Jalasena" (Navy Meritorious Service Star) to everyone on board "Nanggala".
The ceremony conferring the awards and promotions was held on 29 April, attended by Joko Widodo, Minister of Defense Prabowo Subianto, Hadi Tjahjanto, and Yudo Margono.
Tubagus Hasanuddin recommended that the Indonesian Navy's remaining "Cakra"-class submarine be taken out of service.
Parliamentarian Utut Adianto stated that Indonesia's defences required modernization.
Frans Wuwung, former head of the engine room of "Nanggala", stated that despite the submarine's age, its equipment was still in good condition due to proper maintenance and did not consider such a modernization necessary.
Two days after the sub had been declared sunk, Rahmat Eko Rahardjo, the commander of the 2nd Fleet Naval Combat Squad who had given permission for "Nanggala" to dive, and ING Sudihartawan, the commander of the 2nd Fleet, were relieved of their commands by Hadi Tjahjanto.
Hadi appointed Iwan Isnurwanto, a former "Nanggala" crew member and chief of staff, to replace the latter.
Reactions.
Condolences were expressed by the King of Malaysia, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, the South Korean Ministry of Defense, Singapore Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen and Senior Minister Teo Chee Hean, the UK's Minister of State for Asia, Nigel Adams, and ambassador to Indonesia, Owen Jenkins.
United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin expressed his "heartfelt concern" in a call with Prabowo Subianto.
Salvage.
On , two Chinese navy ships, ocean tug "Nantuo" (195) and ocean salvage and rescue ship "Yongxingdao" (863), arrived to assist with the recovery of the wreck.
Scientific research vessel "Explorer 2" was scheduled to arrive the next day.
There have also been discussions between the Indonesian Navy and state-owned oil regulator SKK Migas to raise the submarine.
By , the team had successfully recovered two life rafts that weighed approximately each.
However, they had yet to locate the submarine's pressure hull, and gave up on lifting the bridge after a sling was broken during a failed attempt, as the bridge likely weighed over .
Government housing assistance for families.
Early life and aircraft building.
Cyril Burfield Ridley was born in Esher, Surrey, on 15 January 1895, the son of Douglas and Victoria Ridley.
He attended Arundel House School in Surbiton, where he became a keen member of the school's Aero Club.
In 1910, when aged only 15 he designed and built a man-carrying Chanute-type biplane glider, with a wingspan of 18 feet.
Competitions.
After leaving school Ridley worked for the Sopwith Aviation Company as an aeronautical engineer.
While still working at Sopwith's, he learned to fly, and received Royal Aero Club Aviator's Certificate No. 2474 after soloing a Maurice Farman biplane at the Hall School, Hendon, on 20 February 1916.
First World War.
On 22 June 1916 Ridley joined the Royal Navy, and was appointed a probationary temporary flight sub-lieutenant, to serve in the Royal Naval Air Service.
In early October he was confirmed in his rank, with seniority from 25 June.
Ridley then served with No.
1 Squadron RNAS in northern France, initially flying a Sopwith Triplane.
On 29 April 1917 he gained the first of his 11 victories, sharing in the driving down of an Albatros D.III with Flight Sub-Lieutenant Herbert Rowley.
His squadron was then re-equipped with the Sopwith Camel, and on 6 December he gained his fifth aerial victory, driving down an Albatros D.V north of Passchendaele, to become an "ace".
He went on to destroy enemy observation balloons on 12 March and 8 April 1918.
On 1 April 1918, with the merging of the Royal Naval Air Service with the Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force, Ridley's squadron was renamed No.
201 Squadron RAF, and soon after, on 17 April, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
His 11th and final victory occurred on 4 July 1918, with the driving down of a Fokker D.VII near Foucaucourt.
On 10 July his aircraft suffered an engine failure over enemy lines, forcing him to land, and he was held as a prisoner of war until after the armistice in November 1918.
Ridley was transferred to the Royal Air Force's unemployed list on 28 February 1919, but was granted an RAF short service commission on 24 October, with the rank of flight lieutenant, and posted to No.
12 Squadron RAF, part of the British Occupation Forces in Germany.
Death.
On 17 May 1920 Ridley's Bristol Fighter aircraft (D8059) collided in mid-air with that of Flying Officer John Dartnell de Pencier (H1566) at Lindenthal, Cologne.
According to the "Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger" the two aircraft, both from No.
Tony Migliozzi (born 1989) from North Canton, Ohio is an American marathoner and ultra-marathoner.
High school career.
He won two OHSAA cross country state titles at St. Thomas Aquinas High School.
College career.
At Malone University he was an NAIA runner-up in the marathon.
Professional career.
Migliozzi won the 2015 IAU 50 km World Championships.
He holds the second fastest time ever in the indoor marathon.
Migliozzi qualified for the 2016 U.S. Olympic Trials in the marathon.
The 53rd edition of the Vuelta a Colombia was held from June 16 to June 30, 2003.
Beaver Hill is an unincorporated community in Coos County, Oregon, United States.
It is about south of the city of Coos Bay, east of U.S. Route 101 and west of Oregon Route 42.
Like nearby Coaledo, Beaver Hill was formerly a coal mining community.
The Beaver Hill mine was opened in 1894 by the J. D. Spreckels Company and the town was later owned by Southern Pacific.
By 1896, Beaver Hill was an important community in the area and on January 11, it incorporated as a city.
In 1926, 15 of the city's 16 remaining voters chose to disincorporate.
Today there is nothing left at the site.
The community had a branch off the Coos Bay Line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, but it never had a post office by the name Beaver Hill.
It was named for a local teacher, Rosa Preuss.
Mohammad Zahoor (born 1 August 1955) is a Ukraine-based British-Pakistani businessman and philanthropist.
Since the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Zahoor has mobilized funds and aid to evacuate Ukrainian refugees to the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe.
He has reportedly bought two fighter jets for the Ukrainian military, and has continued to meet with various heads of state and other influential figures to ensure safe passage for Ukrainian refugees.
Early life.
Zahoor was born to a Muhajir family in Karachi, Pakistan.
His father was in the Pakistani Civil Service.
During his first year at NED University of Engineering and Technology in 1974, he received a scholarship to pursue higher education in the Soviet Union.
Career.
After earning his PhD from Donetsk National Technical University, Zahoor moved back to Pakistan to work at Pakistan Steel.
In 1987, he moved to Moscow where he entered a partnership with a Thai steelmaker and ran Metalsrussia, a Hong Kong-registered trading company.
In 1996, Zahoor bought Donetsk Steel Mill.
He bought other steel mills in various countries.
Zahoor was interviewed by the "Financial Times" on the economic situation in Ukraine, specifically the prospects for inward investment.
Personal life.
In 2003, Zahoor married Ukrainian singer Kamaliya.
They have two daughters, Mirabella and Arabella.
He has a daughter, Tanya, and a son, Arman, from his first marriage.
Philanthropy.
Zahoor takes part in many different projects, in Ukraine and abroad.
He donated to the restoration of the Odesa State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, a building in a university in Taxila, (North Pakistan), and the Cardiac Research Center in Pakistan.
Zahoor supports sport teams and the Ice Hockey Federation of Ukraine.
He and Kamaliya founded the Kamaliya and Mohammad Zahoor Charitable Foundation to help children in need.
The foundation organizes annual charity nights to raise money.
Since 2015 the Foundation is supported by his close Friend Ignace Meuwissen.
In 2011, Zahoor became the co-founder of the Ukrainian Music Awards (YUNA).
In the media.
An investigation by French officials revealed that his quickdraws were assembled incorrectly, with the carabiners threaded only through the rubber keeper, and not through the full-strength sewn loop at the ends of the quickdraws that are designed to support the climber's weight.
Five people have been charged with manslaughter in the case.
Among those charged is the owner of the company that produced the rubber keepers without instructions, as well as the owner of the gear shop that sold the keepers.
The manager of the club that organized the climbing trip, as well as two of the instructors who were at the climbing site, have also been charged for failing to check the safety of the equipment.
On May 16, 2018, the court of Turin imposed two years of imprisonment on the boy's instructor.
Schaefer graduated from Saint Louis University in 1951 to begin his career at Caterpillar, where he spent the next 39 years.
Schaefer rose to the position of chairman and CEO of the company in 1985 up until 1990 when he retired.
In 1985, he began the transformation of Caterpillar through a number of cost-cutting efforts, most notably outsourcing production offshore.
This structure that Schaefer created still remains in place today for the company.
Schaefer was also responsible for changing the company name from Caterpillar Tractor Co. to Caterpillar Inc.
The transformation that Schaefer led while chairman drove Caterpillar from losses and uncertain times to achieving exponential profits and global growth.
Schaefer was appointed to Ronald Reagan's advisory committee for Trade Negotiations in April 1987.
Hassan Beyt Saeed (, born 1990 in Susangerd, Iran) is an Iranian football player who currently plays for Sanat Naft Abadan in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Career.
Foolad Novin.
Beyt Saeed joined Foolad Novin in winter 2013.
He was part of the Foolad Novin sides who promoted the club to the Azadegan League in 2014 before astonishingly becoming Azadegan League Champions the season after, in 2015.
Esteghlal Khuzestan.
Having made a name for himself in the second division of Iranian football, Beyt Saeed joined first division side Esteghlal Khuzestan in the summer 2015.
He made his debut for Ahvazi club on 30 July 2015.
Esteghlal Khuzestan's 2015-2016 season would mirror Leicester City's miracle that same year, sensationally becoming League Champions with an unlikely patch of footballers.
Beyt Saeed from the left wing, and on occasion leading the forward line, proved himself an important piece of the puzzle, providing 10 goals and 3 assists in 30 league appearances.
Beyt Saeed would make an assist in the 2016 Iranian Super Cup defeat against 2016 Hafzi Cup winners Zob Ahan.
He would make his Champions League the following season in a 1-0 win against Saudi Arabian side Al-Fateh, assisting Abolfazl Alaei's winner.
Beyt Saeed would score his first continental goal in a 1-1 draw against Lekhwiya.
He and his club would progress to the knockout round, losing in the round of 16 against Asian powerhouse Al-Hilal 4-2 on aggregate.
Esteghlal.
Beyt Saeed joined Iranian heavyweight Esteghlal in July 2017.
However, after a disappointing season, he left the club after 6 months and officially terminated his contract on 16 December 2017.
Foolad.
Feofaniya Clinical Hospital () is a hospital of State Management of Affairs of Ukraine which designated to provide medical service to Ukrainian officials.
It is located on the southern outskirts of Kyiv next to village of Novosilky of Fastiv Raion.
Next to the hospital also is located the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
History.
The hospital was officially opened on February 9, 1965 at the New Apiary farmstead (Nova Pasika khutir) which is former property of the Kyiv Cave Monastery next to the Holosiiv Forest that is located southward from Kyiv.
Since 1934 the farmstead was closed down and the property was vacated.
The first patient had attended it on February 17, 1995.
The hospital initially had 135 beds and 10 treating departments with 34 medical doctors and 186 nurses.
The technical support is provided by 113 engineers, technicians and other workers.
Because of regular financial support from budget of Ukraine, the hospital is equipped by modern medical equipment.
The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889.
The party ran candidates in three presidential elections, in 1876, 1880 and 1884, before it faded away.
The party's name referred to the non-gold backed paper money, commonly known as "greenbacks", that had been issued by the North during the American Civil War and shortly afterward.
The party opposed the deflationary lowering of prices paid to producers that was entailed by a return to a bullion-based monetary system, the policy favored by the Republican and Democratic parties.
Continued use of unbacked currency, it was believed, would better foster business and assist farmers by raising prices and making debts easier to pay.
The organization faded into obscurity in the second half of the 1880s, with its basic program reborn shortly under the aegis of the People's Party, commonly known as the "Populists".
Later, during the early 20th century, parts of the agenda from both parties were accomplished by the Progressives.
Organizational history.
Background.
The American Civil War of 1861 to 1865 greatly affected the financial system of the United States of America, creating vast new war-related expenditures while disrupting the flow of tax revenue from the Southern United States, organized as the Confederate States of America.
The act of Southern secession prompted a brief and severe business panic in the North and a crisis of public confidence in the Federal government.
The government's initial illusions of a quick military victory proved ephemeral and in the wake of Southern victories the federal government found it increasingly difficult to sell the government bonds necessary to finance the war effort.
A general fear arose that the country's gold supply was inadequate and that the nation would soon leave the gold standard.
In December runs on deposits began in New York City, forcing banks there to disburse a substantial part of their hard metal reserves.
On December 30, 1861, New York banks suspended the redemption of their banknotes with gold.
This spontaneous action was followed shortly by banks in other states suspending payment on their own banknotes and the U.S. Treasury itself suspending redemption of its own Treasury notes.
The gold standard was thus effectively suspended.
United States Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase had already anticipated the coming financial crisis, proposing to Congress the establishment of a system of national banks, each empowered to issue banknotes backed not with gold but with federal bonds.
The new United States Notes were popularly known as "greenbacks" due to the vibrant green ink used on the reverse side of the bill.
A dual currency system emerged in which this fiat money circulated side by side with ostensibly gold-backed currency and gold coin, with the value of the former bearing a discount in trade.
Congress finally enacted Treasury Secretary Chase's National Bank plan in January 1863, creating a yet another form of currency, also backed by government bonds rather than gold and redeemable in United States Notes.
This non-gold-based currency became the functional equivalent of greenbacks in circulation, further expanding the money supply.
With the production of consumer goods impacted by the conversion of factories to wartime production and the expansion of the money supply, the United States of America experienced a period of protracted inflation during the Civil War.
Between the years 1860 and 1865, the cost of living nearly doubled.
As is the case in all inflationary periods, there were winners and losers created by the significant fall in currency value, with banks and creditors receiving less real value from the loans repaid by debtors.
Pressure began to build in the financial industry for a rectification of the weak currency situation.
A change of heads at the Treasury Department in March 1865 proved the occasion for a change of course in American monetary policy.
New Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch not only declared himself sympathetic to the banking industry's desire for restoration of a gold-based currency, but he declared the resumption of gold payments to be his primary aim.
In December 1865, McCulloch formally sought approval from Congress to retire the greenback currency from circulation, a necessary first step towards restoration of the gold standard.
Substantial contraction of the physical money supply followed.
In February 1868, Congress terminated the Redemption Act and a state of what is today known as gridlock emerged, during which Congress refused to either formally leave the gold standard or to redeem its non-gold currency in circulation.
Secretary of the Treasury of the Grant administration George S. Boutwell formally abandoned the contraction policy and embraced the ongoing state of political inertia.
Currency policy emerged as a hot topic in national politics, with politically active farmers and representatives of the fledgling national trade union movement endorsing a weak greenback-type currency as conducive to the needs of these groups as debtors.
A looser currency supply was seen as a way of breaking the perceived stranglehold on the national economy held by banks and wealthy industrialists.
Chief among these supporters of so-called "Greenbackism" was the National Labor Union (NLU), established in 1866.
This and other groups began to turn to political action in 1870 in an effort to advance their political agenda, with an August 1870 convention calling for the establishment of the National Labor Reform Party.
Joining organized labor were the organized farmers in the form of the Patrons of Husbandry, commonly known as the Grange.
Established in 1867, the Grange concerned itself with the monopoly power exerted by railroads, which used various aggressive pricing mechanisms for its own benefit against the farmers who shipped commodities over its lines.
When the Grangers turned to politics around the start of the 1870s, railroad price reform was chief on its agenda, with currency reform making it easier for debtors to repay their loans a distinctly lesser concern.
The Greenback Party would be an alliance of organized labor and reform-minded farmers intent on toppling the political hegemony of the industrial- and banking-oriented Republican Party which ruled the North during the Reconstruction period. 1873 economic crisis and response.
The late 1860s and early 1870s were a time of frenetic railway construction and associated land speculation.
Rather than a managed system of national railroad construction through public works or leaving the construction of lines strictly to market forces, Congress attempted to spur the growth of the industry through the grant of enormous tracts of public lands to privately owned railway companies.
In May 1869, the First transcontinental railroad across the North American continent was completed, bringing many localities to within reach of a national market for the first time.
A frenzy to complete additional railway lines to open up new frontier areas for development followed, a situation in which the United States government and the great railroad companies of the day maintained a common interest.
In an effort to speed such development, Congress granted cash loans and some 129 million acres (52.2 million hectares) of publicly owned land to subsidize construction.
A great part of this massive stockpile of land needed to be converted into cash by the railways to finance their building activities, since railroad construction was a costly undertaking.
New settlement had to be attracted to the virgin lands west of the Missouri River, which had been previously regarded by the public as worthless to the needs of agriculture due to insufficiencies of the soil as well as the arid climate.
Millions of advertising dollars were spent by the railway companies promoting the agricultural development of the land which they had to sell.
Populations skyrocketed and marginal lands were sold and settled.
In 1873, the economic bubble burst.
Runs began on banks, causing a series of bank failures, and manufacturers shuttered their production, laying off workers.
Dozens of marginal railroads went bankrupt while unemployment skyrocketed.
A lengthy depression ensued, continuing through 1878.
Pressure was placed on Congress to alleviate the business crisis through reinflation of the currency, pitting railroad promoters and the iron industry against Eastern bankers and the merchant elite, who favored a stable, gold-based currency.
The next Congress moved in the other direction, with the Republican leadership making use of steamroller tactics in order to finally resolve the dual currency situation through passage of the Specie Payment Resumption Act.
Under the plan the government would accumulate a sufficient gold reserve over the next several years through the sale of interest-bearing bonds for gold, using the accumulated metal to redeem the greenback currency on January 1, 1879.
This deflationary move further tightened the already contracting economy, moving currency reform higher on the list of objectives of politically minded farmers.
With the Democratic Party still discredited in the minds of many Northerners for its pro-Southern orientation and the Republican Party dominated by pro-gold interests, conditions had become ripe for the emergence of a new political organization to challenge the political hegemony of the two established parties of American politics.
Establishment.
The Greenback Party emerged gradually from the consolidation of like-minded state-level political organizations of differing names.
According to historian Paul Kleppner, the origin of the Greenback Party is to be found in the state of Indiana, where early in 1873 a group of reform-minded farmers and political activists declared themselves free of the two established parties and established themselves as the Independent Party.
One of the founding members, John C. Wilde, is cited several times in a northern Michigan newspaper from 1898 explaining the reasons for the beginning of the Party.
The group nominated a slate for statewide office, running on a platform which called for expansion of the national currency.
(In Wisconsin in the same year, a short-lived Reform Party, also called Liberal Reform Party or People's Reform Party, a coalition of Democrats, reform-minded Republicans, and Grangers secured the election of William Robert Taylor as Governor of Wisconsin for a two-year term, as well as a number of state legislators, but it never formed a coherent organization.)
The Indiana Independent organization cast its eyes upon a broader existence the following year, issuing a convention call in August 1874 urging all "greenback men" to assemble at Indianapolis in November to form a new national political party.
The result of this call was an undelegated gathering of individuals held in November in Indianapolis which was more akin to an organizational conference than a formal convention.
No new party was formally established, but a governing Executive Committee was named for the prospective "National Independent Party", with the body assigned the task of composing a declaration of principles and issuing another call for a formal founding convention.
Several regional conventions took place in 1875, merging the activities of local political parties towards a single end.
The party nominated its first national ticket at a convention held in Indianapolis, Indiana in May 1876.
The party's platform focused upon repeal of the Specie Resumption Act of 1875 and the renewed use of non-gold-backed United States Notes in an effort to restore prosperity through an expanded money supply.
The convention nominated New York economics pamphleteer Peter Cooper as its presidential standard-bearer.
This inevitably depreciated the value of the unbacked currency when circulated side by side with fully functional gold-backed notes, the Greenback movement argued.
The situation changed somewhat in the summer of 1877, however, when a strike movement erupted across the country, leading to the suppression of local strike actions by Federal troops and a radicalization of workers.
A myriad of local political organizations, independent not only of the Republican and Democratic Parties but also of the fledgling Greenback Party sprung up around the country, concentrated in the states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.
Development.
In the late 1870s, the party controlled local government in a number of industrial and mining communities and contributed to the election of 21 members in the United States Congress independent of the two major parties.
The movement found particular success at the 1874 elections in Wisconsin, California, Iowa and Kansas.
Frustrated by their inability to get Democrats or Republicans to adopt inflationary monetary policy, southern and western leaders of monetary reform met in Indianapolis and proposed the creation of a new political party for currency reform.
They would meet again in Cleveland to formally launch the Greenback Party in 1875.
The Greenbackers condemned the National Banking System, created by the National Banking Act of 1863, the harmonization of the silver dollar (Coinage Act of 1873 was in fact the "Crime of '73" to Greenback), and the Resumption Act of 1875, which mandated that the U.S. Treasury issue specie (coinage or "hard" currency) in exchange for greenback currency upon its presentation for redemption beginning on January 1, 1879, thus returning the nation to the gold standard.
Together, these measures created an inflexible currency controlled by banks rather than the federal government.
Greenbacks contended that such a system favored creditors and industry to the detriment of farmers and laborers.
In 1880, the Greenback Party broadened its platform to include support for an income tax, an eight-hour day, and allowing women the right to vote.
Ideological similarities also existed between the Grange (The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry) and the Greenback movement.
For example, both the Grange and the GAP favored a national graduated income tax and proposed that public lands be given to settlers rather than sold to land speculators.
The town of Greenback, Tennessee, was named after the Greenback Party about 1882.
The party seems to have made use of slightly different official names in some states, with the organization appearing on the ballot in the November 1880 Sacramento, California, city election as the "Greenback Labor and Socialist Party".
Among its national spokesmen, although not the best known, was Thomas Ewing, Jr., a noted Free State advocate in Kansas before the civil war, a controversial major general of Union forces during the war, and a Republican turned Democrat after the Grant Administration.
His national debates on Greenback monetary policy led the party's growth and influence as spokesmen against the post-war redevelopment of monopolistic gold-based capitalism.
Ewing's advice to Andrew Johnson had helped point the administration towards an anti-gold-standard Treasury department.
Ewing served in Congress from 1877 to 1881 during the Hayes administration as a leading spokesman for those national politicians who wanted the nation's money supply used to expand commerce and fund westward expansion of the nation, not repay in gold the interest on civil war bonds Eastern bankers had bought to fund much of the civil war effort but whose antebellum lending practices to the South had helped slavery flourish.
His 1875 national debates with hard money New York Governor Stewart L. Woodford set the stage for a rapid but brief rise in party national influence.
Decline and dissolution.
The Greenback Party was in decline throughout the entire Grover Cleveland administration.
In the election of 1884, the party failed to win any House seats outright, although they did win one seat in conjunction with Plains States Democrats, James B. Weaver, as well as a handful of other seats by endorsing the Democratic nominee.
In the election of 1886, only two dozen Greenback candidates ran for the House, apart from another six who ran on fusion tickets.
Again, Weaver was the party's only victory.
Much of the Greenback news in early 1888 took place in Michigan, where the party remained active.
In early 1888, it was not clear if the Greenback Party would hold another national convention.
The 4th Greenback Party National Convention assembled in Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 16, 1888.
There were so few delegates who attended that no actions were taken.
On August 16, 1888, George O. Jones, chairman of the national committee, called a second session of the national convention.
The second session of the national convention met in Cincinnati on September 12, 1888.
Only seven delegates attended.
Chairman Jones issued an address criticizing the two major parties, and the delegates made no nominations.
With the failure of the convention, the Greenback Party ceased to exist.
Legacy.
Many Greenback activists, including 1880 Presidential nominee James B. Weaver, later participated in the Populist Party.
By the middle of the 1880s, Greenback Labor nationally was losing its labor-based support, in part as a result of craft union voluntarism and in part as a result of Irish defections back to the Democratic Party.
Historian Paul Kleppner has observed that one of the traditional functions of third parties in the American political system has been the raising of new issues, the testing of their viability amongst the electorate, and the pressuring of established political parties to appropriate these issues as part of their own electoral agenda.
In this the Greenback Party and the People's Party which followed it were ultimately successful, moving the Democratic Party to espouse looser monetary policy and an ultimate abandonment of the gold standard.
The Richmond Memorial Library is located on Ross Street in Batavia, New York, United States.
It is an 1880s stone structure in the Richardsonian Romanesque style designed by Rochester architect James Goold Cutler.
His design was strongly inspired by several libraries in Massachusetts that Richardson himself had recently built.
It was commissioned by local philanthropist Mary E. Richmond, wife of Dean Richmond, in 1889, as a memorial to her youngest son, Dean Richmond Jr.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Building.
The library is located on the west side of Ross Street approximately north of East Main Street (New York state routes 5 and 33).
The neighborhood, just east of the commercial core area of downtown Batavia, is predominantly residential, with some institutional structures.
Resurrection Parish Catholic church is to the southwest and another large brick building is to the northwest.
The terrain is level and some mature trees grow in the front yards and along lot lines.
The building itself consists of the original building and a larger modern addition in its rear.
The older section is a one-and-a-half-story L-shaped structure of sandstone in a random ashlar pattern, mostly grey with local red Albion stone as trim.
Both sections have a steeply pitched gabled roof, with the projecting main entrance pavilion, off-center to the north, creating a cross-gable.
At the northeast corner is an octagonal tower with conical top sheathed in copper and finial.
A chimney rises from the south end.
Steps lead up to the wide round segmental arch on low imposts, a particularly Richardsonian detail, which shelters the recessed main entrance.
Inscribed in the stone above are ornate letters reading "Richmond Memorial Library".
Above that are three small, narrow round-arched windows with some decorative stonework and a narrower, smaller window in the gable apex.
Five deeply recessed sash windows with leaded glass transoms fill out the facade to the south end.
The north gable has a similar set of round-arched windows in its apex.
Inside, the reading room occupies most of the long wing.
Behind an arch at the south end is a fireplace.
Oak wainscoting extends halfway to the ceiling, from which an iron chandelier hangs.
History.
Dean Richmond Jr., died in his youth.
His mother chose a piece of property near the family mansion as the site of a library to be built in his memory and donated to the city.
She commissioned a design from James Goold Cutler, a builder and businessman who had invented the mail chute and later mayor of Rochester.
Cutler consciously emulated several Romanesque libraries that had been built in recent years by Henry Hobson Richardson in the suburbs of Boston.
Several of those had also been built in memory of a member of the family of a wealthy local philanthropist.
Most prominent among those is the Thomas Crane Public Library in Quincy, the pattern for the Richmond Library.
Like the Crane Library, today designated a National Historic Landmark, the Richmond Library employs a similar face of two-toned sandstone in a random ashlar pattern with a battered foundation, with a steep gabled roof.
The entrance pavilion of both buildings is very similar, with the large arch and tripartite narrow windows.
Turrets of similar height are also nearby.
Inside, the Richmond has the oblong reading room with fireplace that characterizes Richardson's libraries.
At the time of its construction, only the east (front) facade of the Richmond Library was done in stone.
The north face's exposed brick was covered in matching sandstone when that wing was expanded in 1911, and the rear elevations remained brick until the modern wing was built.
Inside, the only significant change was the addition of stacks to the reading room in 1900 as the library expanded.
The library today.
The library is governed by a five-member board of trustees elected by residents of the Batavia City School District.
The board meets the second Monday of each month.
The library's mission statement is "to continually assure access to resources and services that meet the educational, informational and recreational needs of its community in a safe and comfortable environment".
It is open every day except Sundays and holidays, with earlier closing hours on Fridays and Saturdays.
Beach Bunny is an American rock band formed in 2015 by Lili Trifilio in Chicago, Illinois.
The group achieved widespread popularity after their song "Prom Queen" went viral on TikTok in late 2019.
History.
Beach Bunny began as a bedroom-based solo project in 2015 when Lili Trifilio recorded a song titled "6 Weeks".
The same year, Trifilio released her first EP, titled "Animalism".
She released her second EP titled "Pool Party" in 2016.
In 2017, she released her third EP titled "Crybaby", and Beach Bunny expanded to a full four-piece lineup shortly after.
In 2018, Beach Bunny released her fourth EP, titled "Prom Queen".
"Honeymoon" was met with widespread critical acclaim, appearing on the Best Albums of 2020 lists in both "The New York Times", and "Rolling Stone".
The album contained the song "Cloud 9", which became the band's second song to go viral on TikTok, where it was used in 2 million videos.
In November 2020, the band released a new single titled "Good Girls (Don't Get Used)".
Their fifth EP, "Blame Game", was released in 2021.
In October 2021, the band released the single "Oxygen".
This was followed by the single "Fire Escape" in March 2022, along with the announcement of their sophomore album "Emotional Creature", released on July 22, 2022.
The Princess of Dhagabad is a 2000 novel, the first book of a trilogy by Anna Kashina.
Plot introduction.
Plot summary.
A magical book written with the exotic flavor of Arabian Nights, "The Princess of Dhagabad" is the first in a trilogy of fantasy novels.
This sensuous and vividly imagined novel is about the coming-of-age of an Arabian princess, who is destined to be heiress to the throne of Dhagabad, and her relationship with Hasan, an all-powerful djinn who becomes her slave, teacher and steadfast companion.
The Princess of Dhagabad follows the princess as she grows from a child of twelve into a young woman of seventeen, at which age she proves, against all tradition, that she is more than capable of taking her destiny-and the destiny of Dhagabad-in hand.
It had a magnitude of 7.3 on the surface wave magnitude scale.
Thirty four people were reported dead.
Damage was reported in Esperanza, Puebla.
She served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Central African Affairs and Security Affairs for the Bureau of African Affairs from January 2017 to November 2018.
She previously served as United States Ambassador to the Republic of the Congo, having been nominated by President Obama on June 13, 2013, confirmed by the Senate on August 1, 2013, and served through January 20, 2017.
As of November 2022, Sullivan is the nominee to be the US Representative to the African Union.
Early life and education.
Sullivan was born Stephanie Sanders, daughter of Dr. John E. Sanders, a geologist who taught at Yale University and Barnard College and his wife, Barbara Wood Sanders, an art teacher.
Sullivan attended the Hackley School.
As an undergraduate, Sullivan attended Brown University, where she majored in English language and literature and received the Francis Driscoll Premium Award from the Classics Department.
She also excelled as a collegiate athlete.
She played soccer and lacrosse all four years, and made All-Ivy teams in ice hockey, lacrosse and soccer.
She graduated with a B.A. in 1980.
Sullivan later received an M.S. in security strategy from the National Defense University at the National War College.
Career.
Sullivan began her career with service in The Peace Corps, working in the Democratic Republic of Congo (then Zaire) from 1980 to 1983, teaching English in Mbanza Mboma.
It was in the Peace Corps that she met her husband, John Sullivan, who was serving as a volunteer in Zaire.
When she embarked on a career as a U.S. diplomat, Sullivan returned to Africa, serving as a consular and political officer in Cameroon from 1986 to 1988.
In 1988 she began the first of several tours with the Executive Secretariat Operations Center.
Other assignments included serving as Chief of Operations for the Africa Region of Peace Corps from 1994 to 96, as well as a role as Political Chief at the U.S. Embassy in Ghana.
Just before accepting the role as Ambassador, she served two years as Chief of Staff to the Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources.
Ambassador to Ghana.
Sullivan was nominated to be the next ambassador to Ghana by President Donald Trump on July 9, 2018 and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on September 6, 2018.
She presented her credentials to President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo on January 23, 2019.
Representative to the African Union.
On June 15, 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Sullivan to be the next US Representative to the African Union.
Hearings on her nomination were held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on November 29, 2022.
The committee favorably reported her nomination on December 7, 2022.
Her nomination was not further acted upon for the rest of the year and was returned to Biden on January 3, 2023.
President Biden renominated her the same day.
The committee favorably reported her nomination again on March 8, 2023.
Her nomination is pending before the full Senate.
Personal life.
Sullivan and her husband, John, have two sons.
The Bon Secour River is a stream in Baldwin County, Alabama in the United States.
Xavier Dunn is an Australian singer-songwriter, musician, and producer based in Sydney.
He is known for collaborating and producing with Jack River, including her 2018 debut album "Sugar Mountain".
Dunn has co-written and produced for many Australian artists, including Cxloe, Carmada, Nina Las Vegas, Super Cruel and Graace.
Early life and career.
Dunn grew up in New South Wales.
He began playing the piano in primary school, performing in school bands.
In February 2016, he released an EP of pop and hip hop songs, titled "Bimyou".
The album featured acoustic covers of Iggy Azalea's "Fancy", Kanye West's "Gold Digger", among others.
In May 2018, Dunn released his first EP of original songs, proceeded by the singles "Isic Tutor" and "Warming".
Dunn performed all instruments on the album.
In May 2021, the artist launched his own record label and released his third EP, featuring covers of Drake's "Hold On, We're Going Home", Calvin Harris' "Summer", and others.
Discography.
Gladys Taylor (born 5 March 1953) is a female retired British sprinter.
Taylor competed in the women's 400 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Claude Lise (born 31 January 1941 in Fort-de-France) is a French politician from Martinique.
He is a Doctor, and was first elected to public office on 24 September 1995.
He is the President of the Assembly of Martinique, which replaced both the Regional and General Councils of Martinique at the end of 2015.
Lise served as the President of the General Council of Martinique from 1992 to 2011.
Mehdi Jamalinejad (, born 1970) is an Iranian writer, conservative politician and the previous Mayor of Yazd city.
He was elected as Mayor of Isfahan from June 21, 2015, to August 22, 2017, succeeding Morteza Saghaian Nejad, who held the position from 2003 to 2015.
He was the city's youngest Mayor of Isfahan since 1979, and previously held positions in the city's municipality like Deputy Mayor in Civil affairs.
He was also CEO of Malaysia based I.S.
He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox.
Career.
De La Torre attended Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos High School in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
He then attended Texarkana College in Texarkana, Texas.
New York Mets.
De La Torre signed with the New York Mets organization in 2006.
Cleveland Indians.
He signed with the Cleveland Indians as a minor league free agent before the 2012 season.
Boston Red Sox.
The Indians traded De La Torre to the Boston Red Sox for Brent Lillibridge during the 2012 season.
The Red Sox invited De La Torre to spring training as a non-roster invitee in 2013.
De La Torre was named to the Puerto Rico national baseball team for the 2013 World Baseball Classic.
De La Torre's contract was purchased from Triple-A Pawtucket on May 9, 2013, to help with a battered bullpen after Joel Hanrahan was placed on the 60-day disabled list.
It was De La Torre's first call-up to the majors.
He made two appearances before being optioned back to Pawtucket on May 20 when Andrew Bailey returned to the Red Sox from the disabled list.
He was recalled on June 11 when Clayton Mortensen went on the disabled list, and sent back down on June 12.
He was recalled again on July 5 when Stephen Drew went on the disabled list.
He was designated for assignment on September 10, 2013.
Milwaukee Brewers.
He was claimed off waivers by the Milwaukee Brewers on September 13, 2013.
He elected free agency on November 6, 2015.
Pirates De Campeche.
He signed with the Piratas de Campeche of the Mexican Baseball League for the 2016 season.
A shuckra is a weapon of Indian heritage and consists of a series of metal tubes on a wire connected to a (metal) handle.
Menachem Fisch is an Israeli philosopher.
He is the Joseph and Ceil Mazer Professor Emeritus of History and Philosophy of Science, and co-Director of the Frankfurt-Tel Aviv Center for the Study of Religious and Interreligious Dynamics at Tel Aviv University.
He is also Senior Fellow of the Goethe University's Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften, Bad Homburg.
Fisch has published widely on the history of 19th-century British science and mathematics, on confirmation theory, on rationality and agency, on the theology of the talmudic literature, and the philosophy of talmudic legal reasoning.
In recent work he explores the limits of normative self-criticism, the Talmud's dialogism and dispute of religiosity, the historiography and narratology of scientific framework transitions, political emotions, and the possibility of articulating a pluralist and liberal political philosophy from within the assumptions of traditional Judaism.
Fisch's current philosophical work focuses on reflexive emotions.
Fisch has been a member of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, Fellow of the Wissenshaftskolleg, the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study, and the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, MIT, senior visiting fellow at Collegium Budapest, visiting scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was a long-term senior research fellow at the Shalom Hartman Institute, Jerusalem.
Awards and honors.
In 2016 Fisch was the recipient of The Humboldt Prize.
In 2017 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in religious philosophy from the Goethe University, Frankfurt.
In 2004 he delivered The Crown-Minnow Lectures, at the University of Notre Dame, and in January 2020 the Dagmar Westberg Lectures at the Goethe University, Frankfurt. 18 of "The Library of Contemporary Jewish Philosophers", (eds.
The plot of the series focuses on the emergency department.
KONG is a ride on the Surfside Pier at Morey's Piers seaside park.
Each rider has a plane to fly around in and has steering controls.
It is a typical Flying Scooters ride, manufactured by Larson International.
History.
The original KONG ride opened in 1971 and was one of the original rides on the North Wildwood pier.
However, the planes on the ride were removed in 1975.
The giant ape that resembles King Kong fell apart when they tried to move it to New York for refurbishment in 1980.
Three decades later, 6,200 people took a survey and voted to bring back Kong in order to revitalize Wildwood's famous boardwalk.
They got their wish and the new Kong ride opened in 2015.
Underneath the current Kong ride is a store that has Wildwood and Kong merchandise.
Theme.
Frisilia notifica is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae.
It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910.
It is found in Sri Lanka.
The forewings of the males are ochreous brownish, sprinkled with dark fuscous and suffused with deep yellow ochreous along the subdorsal groove, which is straight.
The forewings of the females are brown, irrorated (sprinkled) with dark fuscous and with the costa suffused with dark fuscous towards the base.
The discal stigmata are dark fuscous and rather cloudy, the first forming a moderate large dot, the second a transverse oblong slightly oblique mark, The termen is more or less suffused with dark fuscous.
Career.
Zamalek.
Ibrahim is a product of Zamalek's youth academy.
He made his debut with the club's first team in a league game with the coach Hossam Hassan.
Despite playing only 4 games in his debut season, Ibrahim was considered as one of the key player at the start of 2011.
He scored his first goal against Al-Masry, which was chosen as one of the most beautiful goal of the whole season, not only because of its beauty, but also because of the circumstances - it was a last minute goal-winner.
He finished an outstanding first season with Zamalek with 15 appearances, scoring 2 goals in the process.
He showed good speed, wonderful dribbling ability, great vision, and amazing play-making ability.
European clubs had started to gain an interest in the player including French giants Lyon and Paris Saint-Germain.
He stated more than once that he had no problem with Shehata, yet he still got himself into many controversies.
Then he started to bash the Zamalek management publicly about his lack of playing time in the season.
The Zamalek management later suspended him from playing for the team for a few months.
After putting strong performances with the Egypt U-23 team in the 2012 Toulon Tournament and the 2012 Arab Nations Cup, he regained his place on the squad.
Ibrahim later stated that he had an offer from a French club and he intended to go join the squad after the 2012 Summer Olympics.
After the departure of Shehata and the arrival of Brazilian coach Jorvan Veira, Ibrahim was immediately used as a starting 11 player.
He played full matches against Berekum Chelsea and TP Mazembe in the 2012 CAF Champions League, scoring against Chelsea in the process.
After the 2012-13 Egyptian Premier League was postponed for the second time mid-October when it was supposed to begin on 17 October, Ibrahim stated that he was on his way out of Zamalek if the league is postponed for more time.
C.S.
Return to Egypt.
In 2015, Ibrahim returned for Zamalek again.
He stated that he returned to play in Egypt because of "Personal reasons".
In 2019, Ibrahim joined Misr Lel-Makkasa.
In November 2020, he joined Ceramica Cleopatra.
International career.
Mohamed was also member of Egypt U-20 team participating at 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
They were very organised and some players, like Mohamed Ibrahim and Mohamed Salah, are awaiting a bright future".
He scored 3 goals in the group match against Austria.
That was a first hat-trick scored by an African player in the history of this tournament.
Ibrahim had also put superb performances with the Egypt U-23 team in the 2012 Toulon Tournament and the 2012 Arab Nations Cup under coach Hany Ramzy.
Honours.
For thirty years, Wattie worked on improving women's and children's physical and mental health in the slums of Glasgow, influencing the medical profession and advising government.
After her retirement, Wattie offered health education to future parents at schools and colleges.
In 1964, Wattie was awarded the Order of the British Empire for services to public health, and declared "Scotswoman of the Year" by the "Glasgow Evening Times".
Early life and education.
Inspector of Schools, member of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society and previously a lecturer in English.
Wattie herself attended Aberdeen Girls High School, and in 1916 attained her school leaving certificates.
She went on to study medicine at Aberdeen University, graduating with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery on 14 July 1921.
In 1922 she was appointed non-resident house physician by Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and Wattie went on to qualify in Public Health at Cambridge University in 1923.
Career.
Wattie's first senior role was as Venereal Diseases Officer in Glasgow from 1929.
Wattie's approach was to encourage contact tracing and volunteering for treatment, rather than the prevailing more judgemental view taken about those suffering from sexually transmitted diseases, and published her own research on improving sex education and maternity care.
Wattie went on to develop her primary interest in improving the health of women and children in the poorest slums of Glasgow, and, in 1934, she was appointed Principal Medical Officer (Maternity and Child Welfare).
Wattie supported Mary Barbour in setting up, in 1926, the Women's Welfare and Advisory Clinic, i.e. the first family planning clinic for married women, staffed by women (nurses and doctors), and also backed Barbour's campaigning for people affected by tuberculosis.
Wattie spoke about social and public health steps in preventing such a deadly disease, e.g.
In 1936, Wattie spoke to the Glasgow District Nursing Association on the danger of the common cold and that 'children brought up in overcrowded dwellings, and unsuitably fed and clothed, were especially liable to catarrhal infections'.
Wattie had introduced maternity home helps (known as the Green Ladies, from the colour of their uniform) who supported new mothers and also established temporary accommodation in children's homes if mothers required hospitalisation (e.g. for the birth of subsequent children), all of which was intended to improve the 'psychology of the pre-school child and of the conditions favourable to health mental growth' as described in a speech Wattie made to the Public Health Section of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow.
In 1949, she ascribed the 'great success' of the district nurses to the 'fine training' provided by the Queen's Institute of District Nursing.
Wattie was recruited for a 'Brains Trust' which met in Glasgow in 1942, The question master was Tom Honeyman, and other panellists included Guy McCrone and Paul Vincent Carroll.
In the following year, she was one of fifteen members of a committee to look into the provision of children deprived of a normal home life.
The Committee had been set up by the Secretary of State for Scotland, Tom Johnston, and also included social pioneer May Baird and author Naomi Mitchison.
"Wattie also spoke out on behalf of providing adequate facilities in schools for girls in puberty, researching in 1949 the lack of availability of period products (sanitary towels), changing facilities and safe disposal in 53 schools, for the Menstrual Hygiene Subcommittee of the Medical Women's Federation.
It was not until 24 November 2020, that the Scottish Parliament (after four years of debates) unanimously passed The Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Act making it a statutory duty on local authorities, and becoming the first country in the world to provide free facilities for menstruation.
"In 1956-59, Wattie served on the Maternity Services in Scotland Committee advising on the NHS requirements and improving administration for ante-natal services and links to general practices.
In 1961-2, Wattie was elected President of the Society of Medical Officers of Health, as the second woman to hold the post, and first Scottish woman elected.
In her retirement, Wattie developed heath education for schools and colleges for the 'mothers and fathers of the future'.
Old Dan's Records is Canadian singer Gordon Lightfoot's eighth studio album, released in 1972 on the Reprise Records label.
The album marks a continued evolution in Lightfoot's sound as he begins to add country influences to his standard folk sound with the help of the banjo, dobro and steel guitar.
Lightfoot would continue to use these country influences in his music until the early 1980s.
Despite its 1972 year of initial release, the album was nominated for and won the 1974 Juno Award for "Folk Album of the Year".
Lightfoot also won a Juno that year as "Folk Singer of the Year".
Track listing.
All compositions by Gordon Lightfoot.
Personnel.
CAC U23 bests in the sport of athletics are the all-time best marks set in competition by aged 22 or younger throughout the entire calendar year of the performance and competing for a member nation of the Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation (CACAC).
Technically, in all under-23 age divisions, the age is calculated "on December 31 of the year of competition" to avoid age group switching during a competitive season.
CACAC doesn't maintain an official list for such performances.
Maymead Farm, also known as Maymead Stock Farm, is a historic farm in Johnson County, Tennessee, located two miles west of Mountain City.
Maymead Farm is one of Johnson County's oldest farms.
The land was settled in the 18th century by the Wagner family, who received a land grant from King George II in 1747.
Its name is derived from "May's Meadow", and was the name of a rail stop established on the farm when Norfolk and Western laid a railroad line through the area c. 1900.
At one time, livestock production was the main agricultural activity on the farm, but farming activity was later diversified to include crops such as corn and hay.
As of 1989, Maymead produced corn, tobacco, and beef, and was one of the largest working farms in Tennessee.
During the Great Depression the farm diversified into quarrying, initially because of a contract from the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service to supply crushed lime for use on farms in southwestern Virginia, upper East Tennessee, and northwestern North Carolina.
The owners continued quarrying limestone after the government contract ended, and later expanded from the production of agricultural lime to add production of rock aggregates for used on building roads and highways.
The Maymead corporation now operates several quarries in Tennessee and North Carolina and includes asphalt production operations.
As of 2012, descendants of the original owners were still the primary owners of the farm.
Maymead is recognized as a bicentennial farm and is said to be one of only a few U.S. farms that have been owned by the same family since colonial times.
The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 as "an important example of the agricultural history of the region".
The National Register listing includes about of land, 26 buildings, and a family cemetery that was established c. 1820.
Brookstead is a rural town and locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia.
In the , Brookstead had a population of 217 people.
Geography.
The town is located in the south-west of the locality.
The North Branch of the Condamine River forms the western boundary of the locality.
The land is flat freehold farmland (approx 400 metres above sea level) and is used to grow crops, such as sorgum, corn and wheat.
St Ronans is a neighbourhood in the west of the locality ().
The Gore Highway traverses the locality from the south-east to the south-west slightly bypassing the town.
At the bypass is the junction with the Brookstead Norworth Road which exits the locality through the north-west.
The Millmerran railway line also traverses from the south-east to the south-west through the locality, passing through the town, which is serviced by the Brookstead railway station ().
History.
Brookstead State School open on 25 January 1915.
The foundation stone ceremony for St Matthews Anglican Church was held on Sunday 26 August 1923 with Archdeacon Osborne officiating.
The church was opened and dedicated by the Venerable Alfred Davies on 30 March 1924.
Its closure in circa 2014 was approved by Bishop Cameron Venables.
In the , Brookstead had a population of 217 people.
Education.
Brookstead State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 30 Ware Street ().
In 2016, the school had enrolment of 32 children with 5 teachers (3 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).
In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 25 students with 5 teachers (3 full-time equivalent) and 4 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).
There is no secondary school in Brookstead.
UConn's Nathan L. Whetten Graduate School was named in his honor in 1971.
Biography.
His Anglo-American parents ran a cattle ranch.
Whetten earned his bachelor's degree in languages in 1926 and his master's degree in sociology in 1928, both from Brigham Young University.
After teaching at BYU and the University of Minnesota, he earned his doctorate in sociology from Harvard University in 1932.
In fall 1932, Whetten began his postdoctoral career as a statistician in the University of Connecticut's sociology department, at the time part of the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station.
He led the first study of suburbanization in Connecticut, focusing on the communities of Windsor, Wilton and Norwich.
He was promoted to assistant professor of rural sociology in 1935 and to full professor and sociology department chair in 1938.
Whetten also served as an editor of "Rural Sociology" and president of the Eastern Sociological Society and of the New England Conference on Graduate Education.
Starting in the 1940s, Whetten's research interests shifted toward Latin American studies.
From 1942 to 1945, he and his family lived in Mexico City, where he was on temporary assignment to the United States Department of State and the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations.
He was charged with studying rural society in countries that provided raw materials (e.g., rubber) for the US war effort.
He later conducted multi-month research trips to Guatelama in 1944, 1952, and 1955.
In 1940, Albert N. Jorgensen appointed Whetten the first Dean of the Graduate School, succeeding George C. White as coordinator of postgraduate education.
As dean, Whetten oversaw all graduate degrees and courses offered by hundreds of faculty and dozens of departments.
During his three-decade tenure, the Graduate School grew from nine master's and doctoral degree recipients in 1941 to 1075 in 1970.
He retired on July 1, 1970.
They met in college.
Whetten lived in Storrs from 1932 until he died at a care home in Willimantic, Connecticut, on June 26, 1984.
He was 83 years old.
He was survived by his wife and two sons, Nathan and John.
In 1998, Theora Whetten donated 24 acres of undeveloped land to Joshua's Trust, which now forms part of the Nate and Theora Whetten Woods nature preserve.
It was formed in 1942 in the Soviet Far East as a fighter regiment and fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.
After the end of the latter it was stationed in Sakhalin and then the Chukotka Peninsula until 1953, when it moved to Belarus, where it remained for most of the Cold War.
In 1960 it was converted into a fighter-bomber aviation regiment.
In 1989 it was transferred to East Germany, but withdrawn to Belarus in 1992, where it disbanded in 1993.
History.
World War II.
The 911th Fighter Aviation Regiment (IAP) was formed between 25 July and 17 August 1942 at Matveyevka-2, an airfield near Matveyevka, Khabarovsk Krai, part of the 29th Fighter Aviation Division of the 10th Air Army.
It was commanded by future Hero of the Soviet Union Major Alexey Yeryomin until December.
The 911th was equipped with obsolete Polikarpov I-16 fighters and on 24 November transferred to the 83rd Fighter Aviation Division.
On 1 March 1943 the 911th transferred back to the 29th Fighter Aviation Division.
Two weeks later, it was relocated to Pereyaslavka airfield, where it was rearmed with Polikarpov I-153 biplanes.
On 13 April 1944 the regiment finally received modern Lavochkin La-5 fighters.
In January 1945, Major Konstantin Kotelnikov took command of the regiment, which he led until December.
On 23 May, the regiment was reequipped with the improved Lavochkin La-7.
On 8 August, just before the Soviet invasion of Manchuria on the next day, the regiment had 57 La-7s and two La-5s.
The regiment did not participate in air combat, and destroyed a Japanese aircraft and a train car on the ground, but lost one aircraft to an operational accident.
Postwar.
In 1947, the 911th was relocated to Bolshaya Elan in Sakhalin and a year later received Lavochkin La-11 long-range escort fighters.
In July 1949 the regiment was transferred to Uelkal in the Chukotka Peninsula, becoming part of the 95th Mixed Aviation Division there.
At Uelkal it assumed the mission of escorting Tupolev Tu-4 strategic bombers.
In May 1950, before the beginning of the Korean War, pilot Captain V.S.
Yefremov, flying out of Toyohara airfield in an La-11, reported intercepting and shooting down an American F-51 Mustang that he reported had been violating Soviet airspace.
In 1952 the regiment relocated to Anadyr but in December 1953 moved to the other side of the Soviet Union at Zasimovichi airfield, near Pruzhany, Belarus, along with the division, which became a fighter unit.
At this time the 911th began to convert to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15, its first jet fighter.
From 1957 to early 1959 it was commanded by Korean War flying ace Vladimir Zabelin.
In 1960, the regiment became a fighter-bomber aviation regiment, was relocated to Lida, and was transferred to the 1st Guards Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division.
In 1961 the unit converted to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17.
During 1975 and 1976 the unit replaced its MiG-17s with Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21S aircraft from the 684th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment.
Between 1981 and 1982 the regiment replaced the MiG-21s with Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23BNs from the 236th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment and simultaneously received Mikoyan MiG-27s and MiG-27Ks.
In June 1989, the 911th Regiment was transferred to Brand airfield in East Germany (now the Tropical Islands Resort theme park), and became part of the 105th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division.
In November 1990, according to data exchanged by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, the regiment included 32 MiG-27s and 10 MiG-23UMs.
As Soviet troops withdrew from Germany, the regiment was briefly transferred to Finsterwalde on 22 June 1992, but returned to Lida on 6 July.
At Lida, it became part of the 26th Air Army of the Belarusian Air Force and on 12 August was finally transferred to Baranovichi.
Conan Without Borders is an American travel show hosted by Conan O'Brien that aired on TBS in the United States as a series of specials on O'Brien's talk show "Conan".
The series began in February 2015 and included thirteen episodes when the series ceased production due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and the subsequent ending of "Conan".
A follow up series, titled "Conan O'Brien Must Go", was announced in May 2023, and is set to be released on Max.
The episodes do not follow the traditional talk-show format of "Conan", instead following O'Brien as he travels outside of the US and attempts to engage the locals and experience the unique cultural aspects of the area.
Background.
O'Brien has a long history of featuring segments that occurred outside the traditional studio environment, dubbed "remotes", ever since his first late-night show, "Late Night with Conan O'Brien".
They became some of his best-received segments, including a famous remote when O'Brien visited a historic, Civil War-era baseball league.
The piece was one of O'Brien's personal favorites, later remarking, "When I leave this earth, at the funeral, just show this, because this pretty much says who I'm all about."
The apotheosis of the "Late Night" remotes centered on the realization, in 2006, that O'Brien bore a striking resemblance to Tarja Halonen, entering her second term as president of Finland.
Capitalizing on the resemblance and on the 2006 Finnish presidential election, O'Brien and "Late Night" aired mock political ads both in support of Halonen and against her main opponent, which influenced popular perception of the race, and traveled to Finland shortly after the election.
"We took the show to Helsinki for five days," O'Brien recalled, "where we were embraced like a national treasure."
As part of the five-day trip, which was released as a one-hour special episode of "Late Night", O'Brien met with Halonen at the Finnish Presidential Palace.
History.
O'Brien began hosting the show "Conan" on TBS in 2010.
The first international travel special on the show was in February 2015.
Following the onset of the Cuban thaw, O'Brien became the first American television personality to film in Cuba for more than half a century.
A few months later, O'Brien visited Armenia in an episode that featured his assistant Sona Movsesian, who is Armenian American.
While visiting, Conan guest-starred as a gangster on an Armenian soap opera.
In April 2016, O'Brien visited South Korea in response to a fan letter urging him to visit, as well as a growing fan base online.
His visit included a trip to the Korean Demilitarized Zone, which resulted in O'Brien and Steven Yeun also visiting North Korea on a technicality by stepping across the border line at the DMZ.
Conan commented on the significance during the sketch, claiming, "The idea that you and I could be in North Korea, talking and communicating freely, seems like kind of a cool message."
These and subsequent hour-long international travel specials were branded "Conan Without Borders" and became part of their own series.
Conan eventually travelled to thirteen countries in total.
The episode featured some of the traditional features of his talk show, including an opening monologue, which he delivered in Spanish, and had an entirely Mexican staff, crew, audience, and guests.
The series' final episode before the onset of travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic aired in September 2019, and "Conan" ended in June 2021.
O'Brien traveled to thirteen countries in total.
In August 2021, O'Brien stated he was interested in continuing "Conan Without Borders" in some capacity after the COVID-19 pandemic, with TBS stating in 2020 that the specials would continue to air on their channel.
The international shows became available on Netflix before moving to HBO Max.
Reception.
The series became some of O'Brien's most popular work, winning an Emmy in 2018 and being nominated in 2019.
The first episode in the series, "Conan in Cuba", was watched by around 1.81 million people according to Nielsen ratings, up from "Conan's" typical average of 642,000.
O'Brien himself reflected in an interview with Stephen Colbert in 2017 that the show helped him fulfill his "greatest joy" in "trying to make people laugh that don't even speak English, don't know who I am.
I like to show that Americans are curious, we're humbled.
We're okay to look ridiculous.
The King of The Channel title is bestowed on the man who has successfully completed more swims of the English Channel than any other.
The title as well the accompanied Letona Trophy is awarded by the Channel Swimming Association.
During the Soviet part of his career he trained at Dynamo in Moscow.
Same year he won gold for Canada at Pan American Championships.
He also represented Canada at 2008 Beijing Olympic Games where he finished 15.
Don Bosco is a primarily residential barangay south of Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
It is a collection of middle-to-upper class subdivisions, the largest of which is Better Living Subdivision, as well as a few slum areas along its creeks and in between its gated villages.
As of the 2015 census, Don Bosco had a population of 52,297.
History.
The village formed part of the missionary town founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1580.
By the later part of the Spanish colonial rule, the land of the present-day barangay was a sitio annexed to the barrio of La Huerta, which also included Wawa, Balong Munti, Kaybiga, Matadto, Masaligsig, Kalang-kalangan, Kay Almirante, Pugad Lawin, Hapay na Mangga, Lambak, Pasong Malalim, Pasong Kawayan, Bahay Buaya, Magasawang Mangga, Tarundon, Kay Matsing, Pasong Papaya, Pasong Malabon and Manuyo.
During American rule, many of the friar estates were purchased by the U.S. government under the Friar Lands Act including the Hacienda de Maricaban which they converted into a military airfield and reservation.
The rest were then resold to tenant farmers and eventually repurchased by the government through the People's Homesite Corporation (the forerunner of the National Housing Authority (Philippines)).
A year later in 1960, President Carlos P. Garcia approved its transfer to private ownership and development as a private housing subdivision in order to "liquidate the outstanding obligations" of the "heavily-indebted" state corporation.
The People's Homesite Corporation and Everwealth Inc. finalized the sale in March 1961 and construction on the access road into the estate from the then-newly built South Superhighway soon started.
The formation house and residence for Salesian candidates to the priesthood studying theology known as the Don Bosco Center of Studies was built there in the same year.
The Archdiocese of Manila created the parish in June 1975 and the shrine was consecrated in December 1976 during the silver jubilee celebrations of Salesians of Don Bosco in the Philippines.
On April 3, 1978, Better Living Subdivision and its adjacent communities, Aero Park, Scienceville and Levitown, were transferred from the jurisdiction of La Huerta to a new separate barangay named for the titular patron saint of the formation house and shrine, Saint John Bosco.
On December 10, 2011, a twin engine light aircraft crashed in a slum area in Don Bosco along the easement of Better Living Subdivision off Taiwan Street killing 11 people on the ground and damaging 50 shacks, as well as the adjacent F. Serrano Elementary School.
In 2018, a total of 200 informal settler families were affected and 115 shacks were destroyed by fire in the same area in Don Bosco.
Education.
Don Bosco is home to the provincial office and theological college of the Salesians of Don Bosco, the Don Bosco Center of Studies.
It also hosts one of the largest concentrations of international schools in Metro Manila, with the European International School, the French School of Manila, the German European School Manila, Greatstart International School Manila and Southfields International Christian Academe Centrum, all located in Better Living Subdivision.
South Luzon Expressway and the elevated Skyway serve as the village's eastern boundary.
Andrew Tyrie (born 5 February 1940) is a Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary leader who served as commander of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) during much of its early history.
He took the place of Tommy Herron in 1973 when the latter was killed, and led the organisation until March 1988 when an attempt on his life forced him to resign from his command.
Background.
Tyrie was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, one of the seven children of an ex-soldier and a part-time seamstress.
He was brought up in a two-bedroomed house in the Shankill Road.
He was educated at the local Brown Square school and found work as a gardener with Belfast City Council.
Tyrie's family lived in both Ballymurphy and New Barnsley, but were forced out of both heavily Catholic areas in 1969.
The family returned to the Shankill.
They first went to Dublin, however, before settling permanently in Ulster.
Tyrie's first involvement with loyalist paramilitaries came in 1967 when he was sworn in as a member of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), although he did not stay long as he felt that the UVF was doing too little about Protestants being forced out of Catholic areas, such as his own family.
He soon fell in behind John McKeague, initially following him in the Ulster Protestant Volunteers, before joining his Shankill Defence Association (SDA) upon its foundation in 1969.
Tyrie's power base within the SDA grew and he was a relatively high-profile figure on the Shankill when it was absorbed by the UDA in 1971.
Assuming leadership.
The newly formed UDA was dominated by Charles Harding Smith in the Shankill area and by Tommy Herron in East Belfast.
It was feared from early on that a feud between the two would follow if either one was picked to lead the UDA.
As such, in March 1973 Tyrie was picked as a compromise candidate for the leadership, being seen by Herron and Harding Smith as someone they could dominate.
The strategy did not work, however, as a feud between the two top men followed, with Herron killed in September 1973.
Harding Smith remained as a challenge to Tyrie's control.
His new-found role of leader was bolstered by the events of the Ulster Workers' Council Strike of May 1974 in which he played a leading role.
Having been a shop steward in his council days Tyrie became close to strike leader Glenn Barr and the UDA played a central role in marshalling the pickets and ensuring both order amongst the strikers and no picket crossing.
Tyrie oversaw this aspect of the strike and was seen as one of the central figures, while the profile of the UDA grew as a result.
With Tyrie's profile boosted by the UWC strike, Harding Smith sought to move against Tyrie and used the pretext of Tyrie sending a delegation to Libya, with Muammar al-Gaddafi seen in many loyalist eyes as being firmly on the side of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).
Harding Smith tried to overrule Tyrie but a feud resulted and, after surviving two assassination attempts, Harding Smith was forced to leave Northern Ireland for good.
Political strategy.
Tyrie had been a central figure in the strike and as such had close contact with many within the unionist establishment.
However once the strike was over he was shunned by Harry West and Ian Paisley and as such he built up a resentment towards mainstream unionism that would inform many of his political decisions as UDA leader.
He arranged an alliance with the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party but when the Ulster Unionist Party and the Democratic Unionist Party declined to join this grand alliance of loyalism Tyrie became even more resolved to pursue a political path for the UDA without mainstream unionism.
Tyrie was close to William Craig and had supported his calls to "liquidate the enemy" in 1972, although as Craig's political relevance diminished Tyrie's desire for a politicised UDA increased.
He broke further from the unionist position by calling for some coalitions with moderate nationalists in the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention, albeit whilst adding that he had prepared the UDA for civil war if the initiative failed and severed all ties following the disastrous re-run of the UWC strike in 1977, during which the attempt not only failed but also saw four people inadvertently killed by the UDA and UVF.
Tyrie underlined his split from unionism in 1982 by writing a play, "This Is It", in which he savagely attacked Ian Paisley and his "Third Force"'s dabbling in paramilitarism.
Tyrie sought to move the UDA towards more political activity and appointed Sammy Duddy, who had a reputation as a thinker within the movement, as his personal representative.
Along with Duddy, Tyrie was one of the authors of the New Ulster Political Research Group document "Beyond the Religious Divide" which outlined a strategy of co-operation between the two communities within the framework of an independent Northern Ireland.
Under his leadership the UDA saw a strong downturn in violent activity in 1977 and 1978, although this followed a two-year period of high activity.
Tyrie's political strategy took a blow in 1982 when he was arrested for being in possession of Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) maps and charts, although he was acquitted of subsequent terror charges.
Paramilitary strategy.
We wanted to go for the IRA and republicans but we couldn't locate them, we didn't know who they were".
As early as 1971 Tyrie had argued that the role of the UDA should be "terrorising the freedom fighters" i.e. attacking the Republican Movement head on rather than either sectarian attacks against Catholics or the group's stated purpose as a defensive vigilant militia for loyalist areas.
These ideas came to fruition to an extent with the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) "shopping list" of leading republicans to be targeted by dedicated death squads in the late 1970s and early 1980s, although this was for the most part directed by UFF leader John McMichael rather than Tyrie.
Tyrie also supported a more professional approach from the UDA and sought to establish more professional training for members, an initiative in which he met stern resistance from other UDA leaders who feared that such a programme would bring about a new elite to threaten their own positions.
Tyrie finally got his way in the mid-1980s with a series of residential programmes for young active UDA members.
These programmes, overseen by senior UDA members with British Army experience, included both practical training in gun use, bomb-making and close combat as well as more theoretical aspects such as anti-interrogation techniques, basic forensic science training, communications and psychological warfare.
Removal.
As part of his political strategy Tyrie became close to South Belfast brigadier John McMichael and supported his development of the Ulster Loyalist Democratic Party along Ulster nationalist lines.
He had previously written in a UDA publication in the late 1970s that an independent Northern Ireland could "take its rightful place in the world and not be seen as a country with a death-wish", after becoming disillusioned with what he saw as the British government's lack of commitment to Northern Ireland.
Tyrie shunned the limelight and as a consequence he appointed McMichael as official spokesman for, and thus the public face of, the UDA.
However, McMichael's assassination by the IRA in December 1987 and his replacement in the party by the less well-known Ray Smallwoods placed some doubts upon the political strategy that Tyrie had long advocated.
Furthermore, resentment among UDA hardliners had been growing and they came to feel that Tyrie's leadership was too much about politics and not enough about military action.
Tyrie was also criticised for what his internal opponents felt was a tendency towards cronyism, with the late 1980s seeing responsibility and position being given to internally unpopular figures like Jackie McDonald and Eddie Sayers, seemingly because they were personally close to Tyrie.
To silence some of his critics Tyrie arranged a shipment of guns from Lebanon for the UDA in early 1988.
However, after a tip-off, the North Belfast brigadier Davy Payne was stopped at an RUC checkpoint in Portadown.
With Tyrie's stock at an all-time low among UDA militants he narrowly avoided death from a car bomb on 6 March 1988.
No responsibility for the failed attack was claimed.
Tyrie himself felt that the attack was carried out by potential successors within the UDA but, whichever explanation was true, it demonstrated that Tyrie was no longer secure in his position and had become a target within loyalism as UDA leader.
Five days after the attack Tyrie announced his resignation as leader of the UDA and was placed on 'retirement' by the organisation.
Post-UDA activity.
Tyrie established his own business in County Down after leaving active duty with the UDA.
Since quitting as UDA leader Tyrie has largely been outside active loyalism, although he has been brought back from time to time as the main voice of the old UDA.
In 1994 he and Barr were recalled by the Ulster Democratic Party to spearhead their funding initiative.
He would go on to become an enthusiastic supporter of the UDP in their campaign in favour of the Good Friday Agreement, claiming that it vindicated the strategy employed by John McMichael and himself.
In this role he became close to John White, who frequently made use of Tyrie when it came to convincing older UDA members of the benefits of the Agreement.
Tyrie is fully retired from politics.
James Stynes OAM (23 April 196620 March 2012) was an Irish-born footballer who converted from Gaelic football to Australian rules football.
Off the field, he was a notable AFL administrator, philanthropist, charity worker and writer.
Career.
After his retirement, he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.
Stynes was quite famous in both Australia and Ireland as a result of his involvement in the Melbourne Football Club's international recruitment program (now known as the "Irish experiment").
Born in Dublin, Ireland, where he was a promising Gaelic footballer at the Ballyboden St Enda's club, Stynes made a move to Australia at the age of 18 following his county team's victory in the 1984 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship.
Debuting in the Australian Football League in 1987, he played an unbeaten league record of 244 consecutive games between 1987 and 1998 as a mobile ruckman.
Along with his Brownlow Medal, his Australian Rules achievements included the Leigh Matthews Trophy, two-time All-Australian team selection, a Grand Final appearance in 1988, and a four-time winner of the Keith 'Bluey' Truscott Medal for being judged Melbourne's best player throughout the course of a season.
He also represented Victoria in interstate football matches, and he played for both Australia and Ireland in international rules football, a hybrid of Gaelic football and Australian rules football.
Following his football career, Stynes focused on youth work, using his profile to launch The Reach Foundation, which he co-founded in 1994.
As a result of his work with young people in Victoria, he was named Victorian of the Year twice, in 2001 and 2003, and with the expanded profile of Reach nationally, awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 2007.
Stynes also served as president of the Melbourne Football Club from 2008 and was involved in fundraising efforts which brought the club out of debt.
In 2009, Stynes was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma and continued to work during his treatment for brain metastasis.
He died in March 2012 and was honoured by a state funeral held at St Paul's Cathedral in Melbourne on 27 March 2012.
Early life.
Stynes was born in Dublin, Ireland, to a Roman Catholic family, the eldest son of Brian and Teresa Stynes, one of six siblings.
He grew up in Rathfarnham.
He attended Ballyroan Boys National School.
He began playing Gaelic football at the age of eight.
From age nine, he played at Ballyboden St Enda's at under-11s level.
He attended high school at De La Salle College, Churchtown, where he played rugby union while continuing to play Gaelic football for his club alongside his younger brother, Brian.
His first exposure to Australian rules football was watching the 1980 film "The Club" on television.
Stynes represented Dublin in 1984, at the age of eighteen, and was on Dublin's winning side in the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship.
He was later awarded with the honorary degree of Doctor of the University from the Australian Catholic University.
Switch to Australian rules football.
In 1984, Stynes responded to an advertisement in his local paper placed by the Melbourne Football Club that offered two scholarships with all expenses paid to play Australian rules football and attend university in Victoria, Australia.
Tall and slim, Stynes was selected, along with James Fahey, and brought to Victoria to undergo a crash course in Australian rules.
He signed a two-year contract, hoping to use the money to fund his way through college.
He arrived in Australia on 7 November 1984.
Stynes debuted for the Melbourne under-19s team in 1985 and finished the season runner-up in the best and fairest.
Ray Jordon, a coach who was experienced with talented juniors, worked intensively with Stynes, and he was sent to Victorian Football Association's Prahran Football Club to compete at senior level.
Stynes made his senior debut for the Melbourne Demons in 1987 against Geelong at Kardinia Park.
Two weeks later, he played in the Night Series Final against the Essendon Bombers.
The Demons' thrilling 4-point victory over the Bombers gave the club its first silverware in 23 years.
Later in 1987, Stynes was part of the senior side which won their last six matches of the home-and-away season to finish in 5th place and qualify for Melbourne's first finals series since 1964.
The Demons were cast as a Cinderella team, winning their first two finals by huge margins in front of huge, frenzied crowds.
They were just seconds away from an unlikely Grand Final appearance, leading Hawthorn in the Preliminary Final by 4 points when a free kick was awarded to Gary Buckenara fifty metres from goal.
Buckenara scored the goal, giving his team a two-point win and ending Melbourne's fairytale charge to the premiership. (n.b. the 15-metre penalty rule was increased to 50 metres in 1988.)
Stynes managed to put this costly mistake behind him.
He cemented his position in Melbourne's senior team in 1988 and drew praise for his consistent play and for his innate skills and ability.
He played in all 26 games, including the Grand Final versus Hawthorn.
Despite his team losing to the Hawks by 96 points, Stynes performed admirably and he was judged to be Melbourne's best player that day.
In 1991, Stynes enjoyed the finest individual season of his career.
With his fitness level at an all-time high and four years of experience under his belt, he took his game to another level, dominating the season with a league-best 214 marks.
Many of these were taken thanks to his canny reading of the play.
He repeatedly intercepted the opposition's long kicks forward with towering marks across the half-back line.
He was installed as a hot favourite to win the Brownlow Medal after averaging an astounding 30.6 disposals and 11 marks per game over the final 8 rounds.
Stynes polled 25 votes to win the 1991 Brownlow Medal, five votes clear of his nearest rivals.
He remains the only non-Australian-born player to receive game's most prestigious individual honour.
He was also awarded the AFL Players Association MVP trophy, was named the All-Australian ruckman, and won his first club best-and-fairest award for Melbourne.
Media commentators noted that Stynes had used his extraordinary endurance to redefine the role of the professional ruckman.
While many of his opponents were over 2 metres tall, Stynes played in the style of a tall ruck rover.
Instead of focusing on hitouts and playing in bursts, he ran the whole game and gained possession across the entire ground.
This was a model of play which many other mid-sized ruckmen such as Geelong and Essendon's John Barnes were able to successfully follow.
An exceptional run of consecutive games which had begun in Round 18 of 1987 almost ended with a severe rib injury in 1993 that Stynes sustained from a collision with teammate David Neitz in a match against the North Melbourne Football Club.
He was treated at Epworth Hospital for a compound rib fracture.
Despite being ruled out by medical officers for six weeks, he convinced his coach Neil Balme to pass him in the club fitness test and wore a chest guard in order to play the following Friday night.
Stynes finished the season with his consecutive games record unblemished and achieved All-Australian selection for the second time.
In 1994, he suffered a medial ligament tear but continued to play through it, going on to string together three fine seasons between 1995 and 1997 in which he won consecutive club champion awards.
In Round 9, 1996, Stynes played his 205th consecutive game, breaking the 53-year record held by Jack Titus since 1943.
Stynes broke his hand early in the 1998 season, effectively ending his streak of consecutive games finally at 244.
He retired from professional football at the conclusion of the season, having played a total of 264 AFL games, all at Melbourne, placing him second on the club's all-time games tally at the time.
Statistics.
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In 1994, Stynes co-founded (with film director Paul Currie) The Reach Foundation and became a prominent youth worker in Victoria.
In addition to Reach, Stynes worked on government advisory boards, including the 1997 Victorian Government Suicide Task Force and the Federal Minister For Youth's Youth Advisory Consultative Forum Committee.
Writer.
Stynes authored several books.
Melbourne Football Club chairman.
In 2008, Stynes began expressing an interest in becoming chairman.
In June 2008, Melbourne's chairman, Paul Gardner, stepped down as president to make way for Stynes.
Shortly following his election, he declared his staunch stance against any proposed relocation of the club to the Gold Coast or elsewhere.
In March 2011, Stynes met Prince William, Duke of Cambridge in Kerang, teaching him basic Australian rules football skills.
In July 2011, Stynes in his role as chairman announced the sacking of Dean Bailey as Melbourne Football Club senior coach after a club board meeting due to an embarrassing 186 point lost to Geelong in Round 19, 2011, when Stynes said he found it extremely hard to tell Bailey of the club's decision in stating "It wasn't something I was looking forward to," and "It makes it hard, because Dean Bailey is such a great man and a man of integrity".
In February 2012, Stynes stepped down from the presidency of Melbourne, citing a desire to devote his energies towards his family and wellbeing.
He was succeeded by his vice-president, Don McLardy.
Honours and awards.
The Jim Stynes Medal was named in Stynes's honour and first awarded in 1998 to the best Australian player in the International Rules series.
The Jim Stynes Cup (also known as the Jim Stynes trophy) was named in Stynes' honour and awarded to the winner of the inaugural International Australian Football Youth Tournament.
In 2000, Stynes received an Australian Sports Medal and was named in Melbourne Football Club's Team of the Century.
In 2001, he received the Centenary Medal "for establishing and leading a Reach organisation for youth development" and was named Victorian of the Year.
In 2003, Stynes was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame and was named Victorian of the Year.
In 2006, during the redevelopment of the Melbourne Cricket Ground, a new corporate dining and function room in level 2 of the Olympic Stand was named the "Jim Stynes Room" in honour of Stynes.
In 2007, he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for his work with youth and contribution to Australian rules football.
Stynes was named Melburnian of the Year for 2010 for his Reach Foundation work.
He was named a Doctor of the University by the Australian Catholic University in recognition of his social work.
Illness.
On 2 July 2009, Stynes held a media conference to inform the public that he had developed cancer.
A lump in his back was shown to be melanoma, and tests revealed that his cancer had metastasised, i.e. spread to other regions in his body.
Stynes intended to make clear that he was not stepping down from his role as President of the Melbourne Football Club but instead just taking a break to seek treatment.
On 4 April 2010, it was revealed that his condition had worsened, and three days later he had surgery for brain metastasis.
Death.
Stynes died at his home in St Kilda on 20 March 2012, aged 45.
He was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at a "treasured spot" he chose before he died.
Reactions to death and legacy.
Ted Baillieu, the Premier of Victoria, described Stynes as "an exceptional Victorian", and he later offered a state funeral to Stynes' family, which was accepted.
The memorial was held at St Paul's Cathedral (an Anglican cathedral, although Stynes was Roman Catholic) in central Melbourne on 27 March 2012, with the service shown on screen at Federation Square.
It was just a part of him and it allowed us to marvel at his determination, unwavering self-belief, resilience, strength, skill, endurance and courage" and that his good friend "was secure enough to know that displaying vulnerability can be a strength and not a weakness".
A moment of silence was observed at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on the day of Stynes' death, and both the Melbourne Football Club and the Casey Scorpions unveiled its plan to commemorate Stynes at their first home games in 2012.
At the launch of the 2012 Australian Football League season, both Stynes' replacement as president of the Melbourne Football Club, Don McLardy, and the AFL's chief executive officer, Andrew Demetriou, acknowledged his contribution to football in Australia.
A minute's silence was observed before the season-opening Sydney Derby between the Greater Western Sydney Giants and Sydney Swans.
A commemoration was held prior to Dublin's National Football League match against Donegal, both of which were held on the Saturday after Stynes' death.
Melbourne ruck and captain Max Gawn paid tribute to Stynes, among other deceased club identities, in a post-match interview upon the club winning the 2021 AFL Grand Final.
Stynes presented Gawn with his number 37 before Gawn's debut in 2011, and Gawn later switched to the number 11 jumper just as Stynes had done.
Personal life.
Stynes' family has a strong history in Gaelic football.
His uncle Joe Stynes was an All-Ireland Gaelic footballer with Dublin (1923).
His younger brother Brian won an All-Ireland with Dublin (1995).
Jim played against Brian in the International Rules Series against Ireland many times.
Another younger brother, David, also played both Gaelic football and Australian rules, albeit at an amateur level, having played in the Ireland national Australian rules football team.
He was the first player to win the cup twice, being a member of the winning team in the 2002 International Cup and 2011 International Cup.
His cousin Chris Stynes is a former Major League Baseball utility player.
Family.
Chris Kasabach has served the Executive Director of the Watson Foundation since 2011, and is a member of the Foundation's board.
He also currently serves on the board of directors at the Winterhouse Institute, a council of national design education.
Previously, he received his BFA from Carnegie Mellon and an MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School, where he was named Lucius N. Littauer Fellow.
Design Awards.
Chris Kasabach's work has won several design awards, including two International Design Excellence Awards.
His work has been exhibited by the Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum.
Dierks Lake is a reservoir down the Saline River, and from Dierks, Arkansas.
Construction.
The Flood Control Act approved July 3, 1958 authorized Dierks Dam for construction.
The project was designed by the Tulsa District of the United States Army Corps of Engineers and constructed under their supervision.
Construction of the project was started in June 1968 and embankment closure was made in May 1975.
The dam is an earthen structure 48 feet high.
Purpose.
As a part of the Little River Basin System the lake offers a high degree of flood protection to large areas of land both in the Little River Basin and the flood plain along the Red River.
Recreation on the lake is very popular.
The lake provides and enjoyable experience for the boating enthusiast.
Dierks Lake is known for its wonderful bass and crappie fishing.
It is also a great place for swimming and skiing.
Fishing provides many hours of enjoyment for the visitors at Dierks Lake.
Most of the species found in the lake are also found in the downstream area.
Picnicking areas are available at many of the sites on Dierks Lake.
There are 4 reservable picnic areas, which are great for family reunions or holidays.
The picnic shelters are lighted and equipped with barbecue grills and electricity.
Christopher John Pugsley (born 1947) is a New Zealand military historian.
He is published as Chris Pugsley and Christopher Pugsley.
Career.
In 1988, he retired from the New Zealand Army to dedicate himself to a new career as an historian.
Academic career.
He received his PhD from the University of Waikato in 1992, and in 1994 he became Writing Fellow at the Victoria University of Wellington.
He then taught at University of New England, Australia from 1996 to 1999.
Until 2014 he was Senior Lecturer in War Studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and Adjunct Senior Fellow at New Zealand's University of Canterbury.
Areas of interest.
During the 1990s he wrote a series of detailed articles called "Walking the Waikato Wars", in the now defunct New Zealand Defence Quarterly, in which he visited each Waikato Battle site and reviewed each battle through the eyes of a modern professional military officer using photographs and maps to illustrate events.
His primary area of interest is 20th-century New Zealand, Australian, Canadian and British Commonwealth military history, with particular focus on Gallipoli, and the Western Front.
Honours.
In the 2015 New Year Honours, Pugsley was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services as a military historian.
Biography.
As a Catalan nationalist, he fled into exile to England after the Spanish Civil War, during which he had been the chief of trauma services for the main hospital in Barcelona.
In 1939 a booklet of his, first published in Catalan, was published in English as "Treatment of War Wounds and Fractures, with special reference to the Closed Method as used in the war in Spain", in London.
His work was noted and accepted by the British RAMC, thus influencing British Army medical practice.
During World War II, he helped to organize medical emergency services.
His use of a new plaster cast method for the treatment of open wounds and fractures helped save a great number of lives and still more limbs, during several wars.
Trueta formed part of a group of Catalans exiled in the United Kingdom who denounced the situation of Catalonia in Francoist Spain.
He wrote "The Spirit of Catalonia", a book aimed at explaining Catalan history to English-speaking society.
He joined the team run by Florey and Chain that developed penicillin in Oxford, and held the first live animal to be injected with the groundbreaking antibiotic.
From 1949 to 1966 he was the third Nuffield Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Oxford and directed the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre (previously the Wingfield-Morris Hospital).
Both were buried (in 1977 and 1975 respectively) in Santa Cristina d'Aro.
The main hospital of Girona, Josep Trueta University Hospital, was named after him, as are streets in many towns across Catalonia.
The Museum of Textiles and Industry is one of the two museums in Busto Arsizio, Italy, that specialises in spinning and weaving.
It was opened in 1997 to house objects, pictures and archive material representing Busto Arsizio's industrial history.
Purpose.
The first project can be found in the National Archives of Varese in 1857.
This building represents one of the best examples of the town's industrial archaeology, wisely maintaining its original features.
In 1896, the building was designed with the characteristics of a brick-built medieval castle, with lancet windows, towers and battlements.
Recent history.
On 19 January 1978, the Cotton Mill ceased production because of its outdated equipment.
The town of Busto Arsizio acquired the entire area and started the creation of a public park.
In 1994, reconstruction of the main building was started.
These works led to the establishment of the museum as a reaction to the economic transformation in the area, to preserve objects and memories of everyday life and work as a cultural memory of the region.
On 30 January 1997, after some years of restoration, the museum was officially reopened.
The museum has three floors as well as two towers and gives the opportunity to follow a wide itinerary, connected with the textile production that was for a long period of time the pride of the local economy.
The ground floor and the first floor are equipped with an alternative route which has been specially designed for the visually challenged.
Exhibits.
Ground floor.
On the ground floor, in addition to a cafeteria and a conference room, there is also early spinning machinery, the large machines for weaving and finishing, and the first 19th-century systems for avoiding industrial accidents, such as fire extinguishers from the 19th century.
Spinning and preparation.
In this area, near the hall, there is an old carding system and machinery framing used within the domestic system.
On the walls there are paintings illustrating the textile manufacturing process.
Weaving.
In the weaving department, there is the oldest and most important machine which deserves special attention as it originated from the old wood framing industry from 1813.
This is a domestic hand loom used by peasant families.
Finally, there is a department dedicated to the life of the workers, plus the two towers one of which is devoted to photography whilst the other explores the myths of the industrial factory in Busto Arsizio.
First floor.
The first floor is dedicated to the history of Jacquard manufacturing, from the original machinery to computers.
This level is important for "the room of experiences", where you can touch the different stages of cotton preparation and you can also see the packaging and delivery of the products.
Jacquard.
The Jacquard area showcases the different machines which were used for this specialist embroidery process.
Finishing, packaging and delivery.
In the display cabinets and depicted in the paintings are the old samples and original labels used by the leading local manufacturers from the mid-19th and early 20th century.
Second floor.
On the second floor, you can see the stages of dyeing and printing fabric and you can also find many finished products, from specialised outfits of this century to new synthetic fibres.
This includes astronaut uniform, Formula 1 jumpsuits and fashion clothing such as a Valentino dress.
Dyeing and printing.
This section shows the original process of dyeing using vegetable colours, also showcased area ancient samples and original notes from chemists and dyers from the Busto area as well as Swiss and German workers form the Cantoni cotton mill.
In the printing area, there is a display of hand printing works and techniques.
Embroidery and "schirpa".
In the next room there is a display dedicated to , which is the traditional dowry of brides in the Alto Milanese area, using local fabrics.
This includes lingerie, embroidered clothing, bedding, curtains and a tablecloth woven in the style of Leonardo.
Also showcased is embroidery and lace from Gallarate.
Documents and office.
This area has old office equipment and a laboratory as well as projects, original documents and rare photographs of the interiors of the factories, workers and some of the most important entrepreneurs of the Busto region, such as Enrico dell'Acqua.
Mechanical textile industry.
This section presents documents and memories of the factories that emerged as a mechanical induced production of textile machinery.
It was built on site until 1870, when this was purchased abroad.
Towers.
Paracchi Archives.
The archives include a collection of views of Busto Arsizio, "Bustesi" portraits and studio material dating from the late 19th century.
Shoe-making.
Bowenoid papulosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by the presence of pigmented verrucous papules on the body of the penis.
They are associated with human papillomavirus, the causative agent of genital warts.
The lesions have a typical dysplastic histology and are generally considered benign, although a small percentage will develop malignant characteristics.
It is considered as a pre-malignant condition.
The term "bowenoid papulosis" was coined in 1977 by Kopf and Bart and is named after dermatologist John Templeton Bowen.
The term "intraepithelial neoplasia" defines a premalignant intraepithelial change.
The terminology has been very confusing and it is now recommended that the terms Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and bowenoid papulosis should not be used for lesions in the anogenital area.
However, dermatologists still recognize a distinct clinical variant, bowenoid papulosis, characterized by discrete papules in a younger age group and a tendency for spontaneous regression.
 Valparai taluk is a taluk of Coimbatore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
The headquarters is the town of Valparai.
Anaimalai Hills Village is the only revenue villages under this revenue.
Demographics.
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Valparai had a population of 70,771 with 35,270 males and 35,501 females.
There were 1,007 women for every 1,000 men.
Biography.
Bruno Lauzi was born in Asmara, then part of the Italian Eastern Africa, to a Catholic father, Francesco Lauzi and a Jewish mother, Laura Nahum.
After a spell as song writer for Mia Martini, Georges Moustaki and Ornella Vanoni, Lauzi established himself as a renowned "cantautore" (singer-songwriter).
In the 1980s he started a political career with the Italian Liberal Party, but without huge success.
Suffering from Parkinson disease, he died in Peschiera Borromeo at age 69 from liver cancer.
He was returning from a visit to his home town of Bihac, at that time the front line against the attacking forces.
A few months earlier in his role as the Foreign Minister of Bosnia he had been in London.
He met Yusuf Islam there and gave him a cassette of a song he had written and recorded at home, entitled "Have No Cannons That Roar".
His hope was that Yusuf would use it in some way to help the Bosnian cause.
The song was subsequently translated into English and combined with other songs famous in Bosnia during the war.
Some of the songs are included here without change, others were re-recorded in London and Stuttgart.
Two new songs specially written for this project by Yusuf Islam, including "The Little Ones".
Steven Andrew Tananbaum (born 1964 or 1965) is an American hedge fund manager, the founding partner and chief investment officer of GoldenTree Asset Management, which he founded in 2000.
Early life.
Tananbaum earned a bachelor's degree in Economics from Vassar College.
Career.
Tananbaum founded GoldenTree Asset Management in 2000.
In 2007, the "Financial Times" included Tananbaum in their list of "The 20 rising hedge fund stars".
Personal life.
In 1992, Tananbaum married Lisa A. Munster.
She graduated from Northwestern University in 1986, majoring in political science.
They live in Palm Beach, Florida and Westchester County, New York, and are both art collectors.
Art collecting.
Collection.
Their collection includes works by Damien Hirst, Brice Marden, Ellsworth Kelly, Frank Stella, Willem de Kooning, Gerhard Richter, Jenny Saville, Takashi Murakami, Andreas Gursky, and Tom Sachs.
Legal proceedings.
The Chinese hare (Lepus sinensis) is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae.
It is found in China, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Taxonomy.
The Chinese hare was first described by John Edward Gray in 1832.
The Korean hare ("Lepus coreanus") was at one time considered to be a subspecies of the Chinese hare but molecular studies of mtDNA have since shown that the Korean hare is in fact a separate species.
Description.
The Chinese hare is a small species growing to a length of about and a weight of with the females being rather larger than the males.
The fur is short and coarse, the back and chest being chestnut-brown and the belly whitish.
The large hind feet are furred, the tail is brown and the tips of the ears bear triangular black patches.
It is distinguished from other "Lepus" species by the shape and details of its skull and teeth.
Distribution and habitat.
The Chinese hare is native to the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang in China.
It also occurs on the island of Taiwan and in a separate small area of northeastern Vietnam.
Biology.
The Chinese hare has been little studied but like other hare species, the diet consists of grasses and other green plant material, buds, twigs and bark.
It is mainly nocturnal and produces two types of faeces, moist and dry pellets.
It eats the moist pellets immediately so as to extract the maximum nutritional value from its food.
It does not live underground in a burrow but has a "form" or nest in long vegetation.
A litter of about three precocial young are born in this and visited by the mother once a day for a few minutes to allow them to suckle.
The mother's milk is particularly rich in protein and fat and the lactation period lasts for about three weeks.
Various carnivores prey on the Chinese hare and it relies on its fast running speed to escape from predators.
Status.
The IUCN lists the Chinese hare in its Red List of Threatened Species as being of "Least Concern" as it has a wide range.
However, in Vietnam it occurs in a heavily populated area and is at risk from hunting.
Airlines and destinations.
No scheduled flights operate at this airport.
Sparganothina tena is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.
The 2023 FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship was the 22nd edition of the FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship, the biennial international junior volleyball championship contested by the men's national teams under the age of 21 of the members associations of the FIVB (FIVB), the sport's global governing body.
It was held in Manama, Bahrain from 7 to 16 July 2023.
Athletes must born on or after 1 January 2003.
Italy were the defending champions but failed to defend their title.
Amir Mohammad Golzadeh from Iran was chosen to be the MVP of the tournament.
Host selection.
On 2 June 2022, FIVB opened the bidding process for member associations whose countries were interested in hosting one of the four Age Group World Championships in 2023 (i.e., Boys' and Girls' U19 World Championships and Men's and Women's U21 World Championships).
FIVB announced the hosts for its four Age Group World Championship on 24 January 2023, with Bahrain being selected to host the 2023 Boys' U21 World Championship.
This will be the fourth time that Bahrain hosts the FIVB Boys' U21 World Championship having previously done so in 1987, 1997 and 2019.
Qualification.
A total of 16 national teams qualified for the final tournament.
In addition to Bahrain who qualified automatically as the host, 10 other teams qualified through five separate continental competitions which were required to be held by 31 December 2022 at the latest.
The remaining 5 teams entered to the competition by the Men's U21 FIVB World Ranking among the teams not yet qualified.
The draw for the pools composition was held on 31 March 2023 at the FIVB headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The 16 teams were split into four pools of four.
The hosts Bahrain and the top seven teams of the Men's U21 FIVB World Ranking in force at that time (as of 24 October 2022) were seeded in the first two positions of each pool following the serpentine system.
FIVB reserved the right to seed the host team as head of pool A regardless of their position in the World Ranking.
The remaining 8 teams were divided into three pots of four, according to their position in the same Boys' U19 FIVB World Ranking, in order to be drawn to complete the following two positions in each pool.
Men's U21 FIVB World Ranking of each team as of 24 October 2022 are shown in brackets, except the hosts Bahrain who ranked 23rd.
Teams will play round-robin in each pool.
The top two teams from each pool will advance to round-robin pools E and F of the second phase, while the rest will move to pools G and H to continue the battles for classification from eighth to 16th.
Mount Alexandra is a remote mountain summit on the border of British Columbia and Alberta, Canada.
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1902 by James Outram with guide Christian Kaufmann.
Mount Alexandra was named in 1902 by James Outram for Alexandra of Denmark.
Geology.
Like other mountains in Banff National Park, Mount Alexandra is composed of sedimentary rock laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods.
Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.
Bop Girl Goes Calypso is a 1957 American United Artists film directed by Howard W. Koch and starring Judy Tyler.
It features calypso music by the Bobby Troup Trio and bassist Jim Aton.
Plot.
Working on a thesis, college student Bob Hilton performs research while predicting that calypso music will be the next craze, replacing rock and roll.
When he and Professor Winthrop visit a nightclub where Jo Thomas is the featured singer, Jo mocks Bob's theory until he takes her to another club and piques her interest.
Jo adds a calypso number to her repertoire, causing friction between the club's owner and Bob, resulting in a fight.
But the audience's enthusiastic reaction to the song causes the nightclub to be renamed Club Trinidad with a new musical theme.
The Wealth Tax Commission in the United Kingdom was a group of experts studying the desirability and feasibility of a wealth tax.
The three Commissioners, Arun Advani, Emma Chamberlain and Andy Summers, cooperated with a large network of academics, policymakers and tax practitioners to produce an extensive evidence base on the wealth tax.
History.
The COVID-19 recession lead to a sudden fall in economic activity and a massive increase in government spending.
In the UK, this resulted in the largest deficit in peacetime history, reinforcing the need to raise taxes in order to repair public finances in the long run.
This prompted public debates about a wealth tax, with Advani, Chamberlain and Summers noting that there is not enough evidence on the desirability and practicability of a wealth tax in the UK to take an informed view, which motivated them to set up the Wealth Tax Commission in April 2020.
Structure.
The three Wealth Tax Commissioners are Arun Advani, assistant professor of economics at the University of Warwick, Emma Chamberlain OBE, Barrister at Pump Court Tax Chambers, and Andy Summers, associate professor of law at the London School of Economics.
They commissioned evidence on all aspects of a wealth tax in the UK from a large international network of more than 50 tax experts with backgrounds in, among other disciplines, economics, law and accounting, resulting in a vast collection of up-to-date papers on wealth taxation that is relevant beyond the UK context.
The Wealth Tax Commission is independent from government.
Policy proposals.
Building on the evidence presented in the commissioned input papers, the final report of the Wealth Tax Commission recommends the introduction of a one-off wealth tax for the purpose of raising more tax revenue.
The report specifically does not advocate hiking taxes at a particular point in time, but rather that, if the government chooses to increase tax receipts, it should prefer a one-off wealth tax to raising taxes on work or spending.
The report proposes a design for the one-off wealth tax, arguing that it makes the levy economically efficient, reduces tax avoidance and administrative costs, and raises substantial amounts of revenue in a progressive way.
Individuals could pay the tax in equal annual instalments over a period of five years.
Alongside the final report, the commission launched a tax simulator allowing anyone to evaluate the implications for tax receipts when changing thresholds and rates.
Considering an annual wealth tax, the report concludes that it would be much more difficult to implement in an efficient way than a one-off wealth tax because the administrative costs due to more frequent asset valuations and the potential for avoidance would be higher.
Thus, the Commission argues that reforming the existing system of wealth taxation should be preferred to introducing an annual wealth tax.
The introduction of an annual wealth tax with a high threshold in addition to these reforms could be justifiable in the view of the Commission if the government aims to reduce wealth inequality through tax policy and redistribution, but it does not take a stance on whether that in itself is a desirable goal.
The proposal were discussed controversially by politicians, financial advisers and the media.
Some observers agree that the proposed one-off wealth tax would be a powerful tool to raise significant tax revenue in a progressive way.
Others argue that it would target the wrong people, including the moderately wealthy, and trigger tax avoidance, so reforming existing taxes on income, expenditure, property and inheritance should be preferred to introducing new levies.
Ihrig is a surname of German origin.
A Modern Monte Cristo is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Eugene Moore and starring Vincent Serrano, Helen Badgley and Thomas A. Curran.
Isao Noda (born January 29, 1951, in Tokyo, Japan) is a chemical engineer whose research has focused on polymer science and spectroscopy.
He holds ninety patents granted in the United States and the EU, has published over three hundred articles, co-authored three books, and received a number of industry-wide awards and recognition for his contributions to his fields of research.
Education.
Noda moved to the United States in 1969 to attend Columbia University in the City of New York, where he graduated in 1974 with a B.S. degree in chemical engineering.
He subsequently received his M.S. in bioengineering (1976), as well as M. Phil (1978) and Ph.D. (1979) in chemical engineering from Columbia.
In 1997, he received a D.Sc degree in chemistry from the University of Tokyo.
Career.
Noda developed medium-chain-length branched polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA).
The most promising PHA product developed during this time was trademarked as Nodax.
Noda developed a novel class of bio-based biodegradable plastics and received multiple awards for his development of two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) correlation spectroscopy.
It is the only township to survive substantially unaltered from amongst the many hundreds that existed across the Scottish Highlands before the Highland Clearances of the late 18th and 19th centuries.
The major feature of the museum is the 22 buildings and building remains of the township.
Twelve of these buildings are mainly complete, with the remains of the other 10 either needing or undergoing restoration work.
Much of this work is carried out by volunteers and enthusiasts like the West of Scotland Dry Stone Walling Association.
Also within the of museum grounds are other man-made structures in various condition of repair, including stone dykes, stackyards, stack bases, kailyards, middens, pathways, roads, a corn kiln and evidence of run rig farming methods.
The site is open to the public as the Auchindrain Township Open Air Museum between April and September each year.
Evolution.
(Auchindrain) is first found in documentary references from the early 16th century.
At this time the settlement was clearly an established one.
From the early 1500s to the 1770s Auchindrain was just another township, one of thousands spread across Scotland.
Almost nothing is known about this period other than the identities of successive owners or principal tenants, and the appearance of some of the township's people's names where they appear in legal documents.
In 1776 the Duke of Argyll reacquired the township, the Duke and his chamberlain (factor) were early enthusiasts for the principles of agricultural improvement.
Auchindrain is included in a list from 1779 of all those living on the Duke's land.
A plan was made in 1789, by the surveyor George Langlands, for the township to be rebuilt and reorganised into crofts as many of the other townships in were.
In Auchindrain this was never implemented, possibly because the investment required would not have justified the financial return.
Management.
Auchindrain is owned and operated by an independent Scottish Charity known as The Auchindrain Trust.
Thirty five years ago the Trustees of Auchindrain in Mid Argyll built a Visitor Centre after its last resident family moved out in the mid 1960s.
Until 2010 the township was kept on tick over, with nature mostly prevented from encroaching, the paths kept open but the vast majority of potential visitors driving past.
A previous curator, Joanne Howdle, succeeded in getting the museum added to the list of Recognised Collections of national significance, a scheme administered by Museums Galleries Scotland.
Odontorhabdus dentipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
Monique Heinke (born 25 May 1973 in Sydney) is an Australian rower.
James Edison Darmody is a fictional character in the television show "Boardwalk Empire", played by Michael Pitt.
He is one of the main characters in the first two seasons of the series.
Pitt is also the only actor besides Steve Buscemi to appear in every episode for which he is credited.
Fictional biography.
Jimmy is the son of Atlantic City political boss Commodore Louis Kaestner (Dabney Coleman) and showgirl Gillian Darmody (Gretchen Mol).
His mother was only 13 at the time of his birth, while his father was 54.
Nucky eventually took over the Commodore's political machine and set Jimmy up for great success when he grew up.
Jimmy went to Princeton University, where he met his future wife Angela (Aleksa Palladino).
He left school to fight in World War I, leaving behind his pregnant girlfriend.
In Season 2, it is revealed that he joined the Army because he felt guilty about a drunken sexual encounter with his mother and because he likely faced expulsion from college after assaulting a professor who had made a pass at her.
Jimmy was stationed in France fighting on the Western Front against Germany.
His leg is wounded by fragments from a German grenade, leaving him with a permanent limp.
Season one.
In January 1920, Jimmy has recently moved back to Atlantic City after recovering from his war injury.
He displays signs of post-traumatic stress disorder from memories of the trench warfare and refuses to go back to school.
He ends up working for Nucky as his driver and bodyguard.
Frustrated that he is not doing more, he hijacks a shipment of bootlegged liquor that Nucky sold to Arnold Rothstein (Michael Stuhlbarg) and shoots the deliverers.
One of them survives and identifies Jimmy but Nucky gets him out of trouble by blaming the hijacking on Hans Schroeder (Joseph Sikora) and sending Jimmy to Chicago.
There, he works for Johnny Torrio (Greg Antonacci) alongside Al Capone (Stephen Graham), with whom he committed the hijacking.
When Nucky faces trouble back home from Philadelphia gangsters hired by Rothstein, he takes Jimmy back into his operation.
Jimmy returns to Atlantic City with Richard Harrow (Jack Huston), a disfigured marksman whom he met in a military hospital in Chicago.
They become close friends, with Richard becoming Jimmy's main ally in bootlegging.
Jimmy also orders Richard to kill a rival gangster who had disfigured Pearl, a prostitute Jimmy was fond of, who become addicted to laudanum as a result of the attack and ultimately committed suicide while in Jimmy's care.
Jimmy reconciles with his father after the Commodore survives a poisoning attempt.
Jimmy is deeply hurt when he finds out that it was Nucky who arranged for the rape of his mother by his father, and plots with his father and Nucky's brother Eli (Shea Whigham) to take back control of Atlantic City from Nucky.
Season two.
By the beginning of season two, Jimmy is married to Angela, with whom he raises their son, Tommy.
The Commodore has the New Jersey District Attorney's office arrest Nucky for election fraud and recruits Nucky's political allies.
He and Jimmy then work on controlling the illegal alcohol being made and sold in Atlantic City.
When the Commodore suffers a stroke, Jimmy takes over his operations.
Though hesitant, Jimmy agrees to order Nucky's murder.
Nucky is shot in the hand, but Clifford Lathorp kills the assailant before he can finish Nucky off.
Jimmy is left wondering if he is doing the right thing.
Jimmy enters a deal with Philadelphia gangster Manny Horvitz (William Forsythe) to supply him alcohol.
However, Nucky has Owen Sleater (Charlie Cox), a former IRA assassin, blow up the warehouse where Jimmy's liquor is stored.
Jimmy finds himself with no alcohol and thus no way to pay his debts.
He ends up buying medicinal alcohol from George Remus (Glenn Fleshler) and uses it to make whiskey.
Nucky resigns as Treasurer of Atlantic County, and offers his surrender to Jimmy.
However, this is all a part of Nucky's power-play.
He has Chalky White (Michael K. Williams), the leader of the black community in Atlantic City, to get all the black workers in the city to go on strike.
The strike cripples the tourist economy that the city runs on.
With help from Owen, Nucky then buys whiskey from Ireland and starts selling it in Atlantic City.
Nucky's bootlegging operation flourishes, while Jimmy and his partners are left with an inferior product and nobody to sell it to.
Meanwhile, Jimmy grows tired of Horvitz asking him to repay his debt and contacts Horvitz's rival Waxey Gordon (Nick Sandow) to have him killed.
A few days later, Waxey's henchman attempts to kill Horvitz in his shop, and manages to wound him, but Horvitz fights back and kills the assailant by sinking a meat cleaver into his head.
Figuring out Jimmy is responsible from a matchbook in the dead man's pocket, Horvitz plots his revenge.
Torturing Mickey for an address, Horvitz enters Jimmy's house, expecting to find him there.
Since Jimmy is out of town, he instead finds Angela with her lesbian lover and kills them both.
Jimmy is devastated, and dulls the pain with alcohol and heroin.
He attacks his mother when she talks about Angela's death nonchalantly.
When the Commodore comes to Gillian's defense, Jimmy kills his own father, partially at Gillian's urging.
Jimmy tries to make amends with Nucky, and he and Harrow help him with his election fraud case by killing the main witness for the prosecution, Alderman Jim Neary (Robert Clohessy), and staging it to look like a suicide.
After the case ends in a mistrial, Nucky calls Jimmy and tells him that he has kidnapped Horvitz.
However, Jimmy knows that he is being lured to his death, and willingly goes unarmed to see Nucky.
Jimmy tells Nucky that he truly died during the war, and even tries to talk him through the mechanics of shooting someone.
Nucky shoots him twice in the head, killing him.
Season three.
Sixteen months after Jimmy's death, Nucky has a nightmare where he shoots an adolescent Jimmy below the eye (the same place Nucky had actually shot him).
By the beginning of season three, Gillian has not had Jimmy declared legally dead and runs the Commodore's mansion in Jimmy's absence.
She turns the house into a high-class brothel and raises Tommy as her own.
She eventually kills a man who resembles Jimmy and uses his body in place of Jimmy's, giving her control of the Commodore's estate until Tommy is an adult.
Season four.
In the season four finale, set two years after Jimmy's death, Gillian is put on trial for the murder of the man she claimed was her son in season three.
Richard, trying to keep Tommy out of her custody, testifies against her.
However, without a body, Gillian faces little chance of getting convicted.
Richard then strikes a deal with Nucky to anonymously tip off where Jimmy was buried.
Jimmy's corpse is dug up and Gillian is convicted of murder.
Ending.
Series creator and showrunner Terence Winter said he always planned on killing off Jimmy, but did not think it would happen so soon in the series.
Originally, Jimmy was supposed to survive after season two.
The storyline was changed when Dabney Coleman, who played the Commodore, was being treated for cancer during filming.
In order to accommodate Coleman's condition, the Commodore's screen time was reduced and Jimmy became the replacement leader of the rebellion against Nucky.
The further they got in the writing process, the more the writers realized that Nucky killing Jimmy was the only logical conclusion to the story.
Winter has said that the decision to kill off Jimmy was made at the beginning of Season 2.
"The idea was to try and push things to their absolute limit, even if it makes it difficult for yourself and your writing team.
If you take things to their logical extreme with the situation we created, Jimmy has betrayed Nucky, he tried to have him killed.
You want to be honest about the storytelling.
We wanted with the first two seasons to follow that trajectory, where he goes full season from being the guy who doesn't want to get his hands dirty to actually pulling the trigger himself.
And what's the strongest version of that?
It's like, "Guess what?
And it would be a cheat for us to say, "We want to keep our beloved character Jimmy Darmody alive."
Winter stated that his goal was to mislead the audience into thinking Jimmy and Nucky would reconcile and there would be a happy ending.
"I wanted them to think right up to the very end that Nucky is going to forgive him and take him back.
It was a really hard decision.
In October 2011, Pitt's agent fired him, saying that he was "really difficult on set and otherwise."
After the season two finale, rumors began circulating that Jimmy was killed off because Pitt was difficult to work with.
Both Pitt and Winter have denied this.
Reception.
Michael Pitt, along with the rest of the cast of "Boardwalk Empire", won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2010 and 2011.
Pitt was also nominated for a Monte-Carlo Television Festival Award for Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series.
Palmerella is a genus of plants in the family Campanulaceae.
It has only one known species, Palmerella debilis, long known by the synonym "Lobelia dunnii".
It is native to 8 counties in southern California (San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara and Monterey) plus the northern part of Baja California.
The oldest name for the plant is "Palmerella debilis", coined by Asa Gray in 1876.
Greene in 1889 wanted to move the species to the genus "Lobelia", but could not use the name "Lobelia debilis", because that name had already been used for a different plant by Linnaeus f. in 1782.
Hence Greene created the replacement name "Lobelia dunnii."
He was particularly associated with the College of the Bible in Lexington, Kentucky (today Lexington Theological Seminary) where he taught for 46 years, serving as president from 1895 to 1911.
He was noted for his opposition to theological liberalism and higher criticism.
His writings are still influential among the heirs of the conservative wing of the Restoration Movement, the Churches of Christ and Christian churches and churches of Christ.
Youth.
McGarvey was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, to John McGarvey, an Irish immigrant who was proprietor of a general store, and Sarah Ann Thomson.
John McGarvey died when J.W. was four years old, and after a very few years his mother married Gurdon Flower Saltonstall, a doctor and hemp farmer.
J.W. attended a private school there taught by James Kellogg.
Tremont was heavily populated with transplanted New Englanders, including his Connecticut-bred teacher Kellogg, and was a broadening experience for young McGarvey.
Still, young McGarvey was unsure of his salvation and questioned the teaching on the subject that he heard from local preachers.
Bethany College.
McGarvey attended Bethany College from 1847 to 1850, where he was taught by Alexander Campbell, W. K. Pendleton, and Robert Richardson.
McGarvey was baptized by Pendleton in 1848.
He was deeply impressed by his mentor's elderly father Thomas Campbell and attended devotional services in their home in addition to his regular classes and chapel assemblies.
Though he was pursuing Classical studies and not ministry at Bethany, he determined to become a preacher if his speaking ability developed sufficiently by the time of his graduation.
Alexander Campbell's opinion of him is seen in the fact that Campbell tried on multiple occasions to hire McGarvey to the faculty of Bethany College, first as professor of mathematics, then some years later with a more tempting position as professor of ancient languages.
Early career.
McGarvey went to his first preaching work, in Dover, Missouri, in January 1853.
In March he married Atwayanna "Ottie" Francis Hix, whom he had met while living in Fayette.
The couple would have eight children.
His lifelong interest in Biblical criticism and translation was evidenced by the fact that he planned his honeymoon so as to be in Louisville, Kentucky, for a convention devoted to the planned English Revised translation of the Bible.
During his years at Dover, McGarvey became known to the wider religious community through debates with Presbyterian, Methodist, and Universalist ministers.
He also began writing for Benjamin Franklin's "American Christian Review" and occasionally for Campbell's "Millennial Harbinger".
Encouraged by response to his articles, in 1861 he began composing one of his most influential works, the "Commentary on Acts of the Apostles".
Civil War.
As the Civil War loomed nearer, McGarvey took a stand unpopular to both sides of the controversy.
On a political level he was "against secession, and also against coercion," but on moral grounds he opposed Christian participation in armed conflict.
Though often "bitterly denounced by extreme partisans," McGarvey himself suffered nothing worse than censorship by the Missouri press.
McGarvey's attitude toward slavery and race relations is ambiguous.
His stepfather Saltonsall moved the family from Missouri to Illinois because he "had become dissatisfied with rearing sons in a slave State."
In 1845 (just before McGarvey's enrollment at Bethany College) his mentor Alexander Campbell published an influential series of articles on the slavery issue in which he declared himself opposed to slavery in principle, but desirous of a gradual emancipation and peaceful end to the institution.
The congregation at Dover, Missouri, had a large attendance of slaves at its regular services, where by custom of the day they were forced to sit in the balcony.
McGarvey preached an additional service each month for the African-American community, at which this rule was not observed.
Other whites arrived and protested this interference with a lawful religious assembly.
When one disputant punctuated his argument with a well-aimed snowball, McGarvey interposed himself between the two groups, fearing that the next volley might come from pistols.
He persuaded the men to disperse, and continued with the service.
In 1862 McGarvey followed the advice he had given Lard and took refuge in Kentucky, where his political neutrality reflected the mood of the majority.
He was offered the ministry at the Main Street Christian Church in Lexington, Kentucky, and moved to the city where he would spend the remainder of his career.
He later noted that the Main Street congregation was one of the few churches in Lexington that survived the war without a division along political lines.
College of the Bible.
In 1865 Kentucky University (formerly Bacon College) merged with Transylvania University and the state Agricultural and Mechanical School to form a newly chartered Kentucky University in Lexington.
The theology faculty was reconstituted as the College of the Bible, the first full-fledged seminary associated with the Restoration Movement (the institution became independent from the University of Kentucky again in 1877, and is today known as Lexington Theological Seminary).
McGarvey had been sought teaching positions at Bethany College and at Kentucky University, but declined to take any position that would interrupt his focus on the Bible.
With the organization of the College of the Bible, however, he was offered the position of Professor of Sacred History.
He would serve in this post almost without interruption for the remainder of his life.
Up until the 1890s, the College of the Bible had only three full-time professors.
The enrollment was quite small, and during its first incarnation (up until 1877) the College of the Bible graduated only 65 students.
After reorganization it enrolled considerably more, with an average attendance of 150 during the 1890s.
Preaching and publishing activities.
By 1867 the curriculum had expanded to the extent that McGarvey resigned his position with the Main Street church, though he continued to preach for various congregations on an appointment basis.
When the Main Street Christian Church grew to the point of overflowing its meeting place, a second congregation was organized, the Broadway Christian Church.
McGarvey preached for this group until it grew to the point of requiring a full-time minister, and maintained his membership there for decades.
Partly through gratitude for McGarvey's assistance in helping him find work in Kentucky during the war, Moses Lard requested McGarvey to be a regular contributor to a new religious publication, "Lard's Quarterly".
McGarvey's articles were sometimes written under the pseudonym "Kappa".
After the demise of "Lard's Quarterly", Moses Lard assembled a larger editorial team including McGarvey for another new publication, "Apostolic Times".
After only three years, various circumstances left the paper in the hands of only McGarvey and one other editor.
McGarvey contributed to this weekly publication for about seven years before his teaching and preaching duties caused him to withdraw.
During the late 1870s McGarvey undertook one of his most ambitious projects.
"Lands of the Bible" aimed at providing a more systematic survey of the Holy Lands than similar volumes had previously done.
In his typically concentrated, systematic manner of working, he completed his research in the spring and summer of 1869 and published the work in 1870.
He also issued a revision of his on the book of Acts.
The John Bryan Bowman affair.
In 1873 the regent of the College of the Bible, John Bryan Bowman, fell under criticism for his handling of the institution's finances.
McGarvey was accused of being an agitator in this situation, with the intent of removing Bowman from his position.
Whatever his role in the initial controversy may have been, when called upon to explain his concerns about the management of the college finances, McGarvey's public statements led to an open breach with Bowman.
A vote of the board of curators removed him from his professorship.
The dispute cost the college a number of supporters and students, and may have contributed to its eventual collapse and reorganization.
Perhaps to counter the decline of the College of the Bible, the board reinstated McGarvey in 1875, but the college was unable to meet its financial obligations and was forced to reorganize in 1877.
The newly constituted College of the Bible was independent of Kentucky University and the state university's component, the Agricultural and Mechanical College.
Because of the ensuing confusion over nomenclature, Kentucky University reverted to its historic name of Transylvania University in 1908.
The independent College of the Bible took its current name, Lexington Theological Seminary, in 1965.)
Others within the Restoration Movement saw a different cause for the initial expulsion of McGarvey.
Benjamin Franklin, a leading conservative, claimed that the entire affair was orchestrated by Bowman and others within the larger University who wanted to bring the College of the Bible more in line with the emerging views of skepticism and Liberal Christianity.
Controversy in final years.
As the 19th century drew to a close, McGarvey witnessed increasing division within the Restoration Movement over specific interpretations of Scripture and over the hermeneutical approach as a whole.
He accepted "lower criticism" ("i.e. ", establishing the text of the Bible from the extant manuscript traditions) but rejected "higher criticism", which he saw as undermining the authority of the Bible and thus the foundations of Christian belief and practice.
In 1891 McGarvey completed his two-volume summation of his objections to the higher criticism, "Evidences of Christianity".
In 1905 he published one of his most unusual works, "The Four-Fold Gospel", a harmonization of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John with running commentary.
McGarvey also served as president of the College of the Bible beginning in 1895, remaining until his death in 1911.
Two significant flash points on specific interpretations of Scripture were the introduction of instrumental music into the previously a cappella worship services, and participation in para-church institutions such as missionary societies.
McGarvey viewed the latter as a matter of expediency, but objected to the former as without New Testament authority.
His 1864-65 exchange with Amos Sutton Hayden in the "Millennial Harbinger" was one of the earliest debates on this topic within the Restoration Movement (see List of Works).
His later years were marked with disappointment when the leadership of McGarvey's long-time church home, the Broadway Christian Church in Lexington, informed him that they had decided to implement instrumental music in the worship.
In 1903 he left for the Chestnut Street congregation.
He died in Lexington, Kentucky, the scene of the majority of his work, in 1911.
List of works.
"This list is an expansion on that compiled by Ernie Stefanik for Restoration Movement Texts, ed.
The Fourth World is a science fiction novel by Dennis Danvers originally published in March, 2000 by HarperCollins Publishers.
It takes place in 2013, primarily in the Mexican state of Chiapas, and suggests that, in the future, society has been divided by corporate greed into the upper and lower classes, with the middle class having been all but eliminated.
Plot summary.
He is sent to record a massacre of indigenous people being attacked at Chiapas, Mexico without warning by landowners working for capitalist corporations.
While on sabbatical, he meets Margaret Mayfield, a rebel Zapatista with whom he is swayed to travel with and, eventually, fall in love with and decide to fight against the capitalist elite.
St. John and Mayfield decide to join a group called Intrepid Explorers, working for the corporations, in order to find a strong group of Zapatistas to join.
Margaret abandons Webster, leaving him some cash for travel, and travels with a hotel owner named Zack Hayman who seems to have an inside connection with the conspirators.
In Chiapas, Margaret discovers that Santee left her a personalized interface, which cannot be activated until Santee is actually present.
Back on Earth, Zack, the hotel manager whom Margaret is with, discovered that the rebels are being sent to Mars in part so that the rich landowners can take their land without resistance.
Santee and Margaret believed that they were setting up the victims with interfaces so that they would be able to show their sufferings to others outside of Mexico, but in fact the interfaces were going to make them think that they were receiving messages from Santee, while they were actually going to be tricked to going to Mars as slave labor.
On the ship near Mars, Starr discovers that the slaves are to be sent to Mars in order to live there for a time and scout out any biological hazards or chemical hazards.
Starr meets an intelligent AI, called Alice Irene, who serves as a literal deus ex machine.
Starr convinces Alice Irene to join the cause of the rebels by having her examine the entire Internet and come to her own conclusions about the corruption of the current capitalist regime.
Starr was given control of the ship, and the Zapatistas took control with the assistance of Alice Irene.
The revolutionaries were given the option to stay on Earth or go to Mars, but as a form of utopian paradise rather than as slave labor.
Santee St. John and Margaret Mayfield chose to stay on earth, while the remaining main characters chose life on Mars.
Political significance.
Featuring constant positive references to the Zapatistas, attacks on corporate greed, and explicitly posing the question of how one could be the enemy if one is poor, this novel clearly argues in favor for an economically leftist government that promotes human and civil rights above the welfare of economic entities.
The novel additionally argues in favor for localized governments as opposed to globalization, and contends that indigenous people should be free from outside influence and allowed to make their own decisions.
Many of the names, places, and events in the book closely echo the actual political scenario involving the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, which is also based in Chiapas and also has Subcomandante Marcos as their leader.
This might be understood as a jab against colonialism, as it is willing to modify the nature of life, or as an attack against escapism, since the dragons serve as a mere diversion from the real world.
The novel additionally alludes to "The Postman" with Kevin Costner, and notes the irony in that the viewers were living in the time of an apocalypse, even while the watching the movie, as the political implications of widespread capitalism had corrupted society to its core.
Arguably the greatest significance of the novel lies in its total disregard of the majority of the planetary surface and the inhabitants thereof while presuming to lay out the battle-lines for its lame Armageddon.
MapWindow GIS is a lightweight open-source GIS (mapping) desktop application and set of programmable mapping components.
History.
MapWindow GIS and its associated MapWinGIS ActiveX Control were originally developed by Daniel P. Ames and a team of professors and students at Utah State University in 2002-2003 as part of a research project with the Idaho National Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho as a GIS mapping framework for watershed modelling tools in conjunction with source water assessments conducted by the laboratory.
In 2004 it the first open source version of the software was released as MapWindow GIS 3.0, after which it was adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as the primary GIS platform for its BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) watershed analysis and modeling software.
As the project has grown, much of the day-to-day management of the code and associated website has been handled by Paul Meems and a group of volunteer user-developers from around the world.
Technical details.
MapWindow GIS is distributed as an open source application under the Mozilla Public License distribution license, MapWindow GIS can be reprogrammed to perform different or more specialized tasks.
There are also plug-ins available to expand compatibility and functionality.
The core component of MapWindow GIS is the MapWinGIS ActiveX Control.
A user manual for MapWinGIS ActiveX Control written by Daniel P. Ames and Dinesh Grover was released through in 2007.
The MapWindow GIS desktop application is built upon Microsoft .NET technology.
Project source code was originally hosted and maintained on a local SVN server on www.mapwindow.org.
Later it was ported to the Microsoft open source code repository, codeplex.com.
Presently all project code is hosted at GitHub.org.
Updates for MapWindow GIS are regularly released by a group of student and volunteer developers.
MapWindow GIS in scientific literature.
"Chapalichthys" reach up to in standard length.
Despite this relatively small size, they are often caught as food in Lake Chapala.
Species.
Luther Clegg House is a historic home located near Pittsboro, Chatham County, North Carolina.
It was built about 1850, and is a two-story, five bay Greek Revival style single-pile frame dwelling.
It has a low hipped roof and flanking exterior end chimneys.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The house was occupied by the descendants of Luther Clegg until it was sold in 2002.
Besides the house, the remaining buildings, at the time of sale, were the carriage house with stables, original well which had been enclosed in the late seventies for safety reasons, the old kitchen with attached pantry, two storage buildings, an ice house, and a chicken house with the outhouse attached to the back.
The ruins of the small family vineyard were also on property.
The barn for the property was located across the street from the house however it had been destroyed by a large oak tree falling on it after a storm.
The house originally sat among a number of oak trees, however, on September 6, 1996, Hurricane Fran passed over the property and pulled three very ancient oak trees and multiple younger oak trees up by their roots.
Hurricane Fran also brought down one black walnut tree and took the top off an old pine tree.
In total 36 trees were lost on the 7-acre property.
Only the uppermost canopy of two trees hit the house and did not a cause single bit of damage.
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1884.
Births.
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1884 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
Deaths.
A Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) are geographic units used by the US Census for providing statistical and demographic information.
Each PUMA contains at least 100,000 people.
PUMAs do not overlap, and are contained within a single state.
PUMAs were first created for the 1990 Census.
For the 2012 American Community Survey (ACS), there are 2,378 PUMAs.
PUMAs allow the Census to publish census data for sub-state areas throughout every state.
For example, the ACS publishes detailed data every year, but due to their sampling procedure only publishes data for census area that have more than 65,000 People.
Only seven of the 55 counties of West Virginia were large enough to receive estimates from the 2006 ACS.
In contrast, all 12 PUMAs that partition West Virginia received 2006 ACS estimates.
The state governments drew PUMA boundaries for the 2000 Census, to allow reporting of detailed data for all areas.
Topics in Cognitive Science (also stylized as topiCS) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering cognitive science.
It was established in 2009, with its first issue published in January of that year.
It is published by Wiley-Blackwell in a partnership with the Cognitive Science Society.
The editor-in-chief is Andrea Bender (University of Bergen).
Gertrude Aldredge Shelburne (1907-1993) was an activist, philanthropist, and supporter of contraceptive rights from Dallas, Texas.
She was a member of the women's rights movement in Texas in the 1930s and '40s.
She and other Dallas-area women worked with Margaret Sanger to distribute contraceptives illicitly, with Sanger shipping diaphragms and condoms hidden in shirt boxes from New York for distribution to women in Texas.
At the time, anti-contraception laws were the norm in the United States, and sharing information about contraception was prohibited by Comstock laws in many parts of the country.
Shipping birth control across state lines was also against the law at the time.
In honor of her work to expand access to birth control in the Dallas area, Shelburne was made the namesake of a Greater Texas Planned Parenthood achievement award.
Texans lost the right to abortion when the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade and Texas criminalized abortion.
However, the right to contraceptives and emergency contraception (Plan B) still stands, with costs usually covered by health insurance plans under the Affordable Care Act.
Biography.
Gertrude Terrell Aldredge (often referred to as Mrs. Samuel Shelburne) was born in Dallas, Texas in 1907, to George Nathan Aldredge and Lilly Rowena (Munger) Aldredge.
She was born into a wealthy and politically connected Dallas family, whose members included lawyers, judges, and bankers, as well as Dallas mayor Sawnie R. Aldredge (1921-23).
Shelburne's father George Aldredge was the director of Texaco for 30 years, and her mother, Rena Munger, also from a wealthy Dallas family, was the daughter of a cotton gin business owner and niece of Robert S. Munger, an early adopter of exclusionary neighborhood developments by way of restrictive deeds.
She married Dr. Samuel Ainslie Shelburne. 1939), and Alice Shelburne Neild (b.
1941).
The family spent summers at the Chautauqua Institution, an educational summer camp for families in upstate New York.
Plot.
He also introduced in France innovations with respect to cinematographic style.
"Par le trou de la serrure" is the first French film featuring editing in order to combine wide shots and medium close-up point of view shots.
Zecca was clearly influenced by George Albert Smith who had used for the first time these innovations in 1900 in his short films "Grandma's Reading Glass" and "As Seen Through a Telescope".
"Par le trou de la serrure" is also characteristic of a certain voyeuristic trend in early cinema in showing what was normally hidden in a hotel room.
Distribution.
Paraway Pastoral Company (Paraway) is a privately owned operating entity of the Macquarie Pastoral Fund and runs a total of 27 stations across Queensland (Northern), New South Wales (Central) and Victoria (Southern).
As at 2019, these 27 stations cover a combined total of 4 400 000 hectares, with the ability to run more than 200 000 head of cattle and 240 000 head of sheep across the portfolio.
The core strategy by which Paraway bases its operations is ""Paraway is committed to being a consistent, reliable supplier of quality product to its customers"."
History and legacy.
Nathaniel "Nat" Buchanan.
He arrived in Sydney in January 1837 and settled in the New England area in 1839.
'Paraway' was also the first European to cross the Barkly Tablelands from east to west during which he took a large herd of breeding cattle from Queensland to the Northern Territory.
Today, Paraway Pastoral owns several portions of this land, thus maintaining their connection to the Paraway name.
In 1859, Buchanan and fellow explorer, William Landsborough embarked on a joint search for grazing land.
Setting off from Rockhampton on their first voyage, they explored country around the Fitzroy and Belyando Rivers before heading further west.
They ran out of supplies on this voyage however, and had to be rescued by a relief party.
The following year they found 1500 sq. miles (388 500 ha) of land on the Thompson River which they secured in 1863 with the capital being supplied by Robert Morehead of the Scottish Australian Company.
Similarly, in 1861, William Landsborough formed the Landsborough River Company with Buchanan and Edward Cornish through which they applied for 15 runs of 100 sq. miles each (25 900ha) near Longreach to stock what he named Bowen Downs.
Bowen Downs prospered for a time but there was eventually a fall in the market (mainly due to drought) and the price of cattle and wool dropped so low that the station had to be abandoned and Buchanan lost almost everything he had to his name.
These exploratory missions and the introduction of pastoral companies such as the Scottish Australian Company into Australia paved the way for companies like Paraway to emerge.
After several decades of exploring and establishing various properties and pastoral expeditions across Queensland and the Northern Territory, Buchanan died in 1901 (aged 75) on his farm Dungowan Creek, his final property purchase.
Operations.
Cattle.
Paraway is involved in the breeding and growing of beef cattle across all its portfolios.
The 'Northern' properties run a mix of Brahman and Brahman X in their herds, whilst those based in the 'Central' regions run an Angus breeding herd.
In the Southern region, several properties run trade cattle and when conditions permit they are used to finish Paraway bred cattle as well.
Collectively, Paraway's properties have the ability to run over 200 000 head of cattle and produce in excess of 20 million kilograms of beef each year.""
Davenport Downs.
Davenport Downs consists of two original properties, Davenport Downs and Springvale, purchased by Paraway in 2009 and 2011 respectively.
Together they form a 1.5 million hectare aggregation that deals with fattening over 29 000 steers.
Its land size makes Davenport Downs Paraway's biggest property as well as the largest cattle station in Queensland.
Davenport Downs is chiefly Mitchell grass and channel country with its water sourced from a network of bores, as well the Diamantina River and Farrahs Creek that crosscut the property.
These waterways often flood during the wet season, covering up to one quarter of the property and contributing to a reliable source of feed throughout the rest of the year.""
Tanbar.
Tanbar, located on the Cooper Creek in the channel country of Western Queensland, was acquired by Paraway in 2016 from the Western Grazing Company and covers just over 1 million hectares.
Due to its channel country location, a significant portion of the property is flooded by the Cooper Creek each year which then feeds into the transient Lake Yamma Yamma, thus providing the pastures with a form of natural irrigation.""
The acquisition of Tanbar substantially added to Paraway's growing capacity and was seen as a significant developmental step in terms of expanding its grass finishing capacity.
It also allowed for the streamlining of the Company's breeding location and capacity with the combined purchase of Rocklands, an almost 680 000 hectare breeding property on the Barkly Tableland in Northwestern Queensland occurring at the same time.
Oxley.
Oxley Station is a 35 000 hectare holding located on the Lower Macquarie River, approximately 75km north of Warren, NSW.
It was purchased by Paraway in 2011 and is located at the point where the river fans into natural wetlands (that account for nearly one third of the property's total area) known as the Macquarie Marshes, increasing its grazing potential as even during times of drought the marshes remain green.
The property began with the name "Ringorah" and became part of the Buttabone Pastoral Company in 1876.
By 1924 this aggregation encompassed almost 97 000 hectares and Buttabone had become the largest freehold in the Macquarie Valley until it all went up for subdivision during auction later that year.
It is suggested that JJ Leahy acquired Oxley following Buttabone's dispersion as "throughout the 1940s, rural newspapers regularly ran articles highlighting the latest sale-yard triumph of Oxley-bred bullocks".
So remarkable was Leahy's breeding that from January 8th to May 2nd, his stock who were sold under the name "J.J. Leahy", secured top prices for steers and bullocks, twenty times with his cows, heifers and dealers topping the market on five other occasions.
Oxley was sold in 1949, remaining JJ's cattle breeding base until this time.
After JJ Leahy died in 1959, his son Keith bought Ringorah South but the main Oxley property was purchased by Berawinnia Pastoral Company, a joint venture of the Crawford, Moxham and Stalley families.
In 1969 Berawinnia was bought ad lib by British American Tobacco Australia as part of its diversification strategy.
This enterprise was later called Amatil and thus Oxley became part of Amatil's Naroo Pastoral Company.
Following successive crises in both the wool and cattle markets, Amatil decided to divest its pastoral portfolio and Oxley along with several other Naroo properties was purchased by Argentinian John D Kahlbetzer's Twynam Pastoral Company in 1979.
In 1984 Twynam also bought Keith Leahy's Ringorah South subdivision allowing them to rebuild the original Ringorah holdings to its 1937 dimensions.
In 1998 Oxley was bought by Clyde Agriculture, an agricultural production and land management company, a purchase the corporation had coveted for some time.
After a run of good years early on, the 2000s drought hit Oxley hard as it received next to no flooding from 2001 to 2007 and in the following years, Clyde began to reduce its pastoral investment.
Sheep.
Paraway began its sheep breeding and growing enterprises in 2007 with its purchase of Pooginook, an iconic sheep stud in the Riverina region of NSW.
From this initial purchase Paraway has added sheep farming properties in Central and Southern NSW as well as Victoria to accommodate a flock of up to 240 000 head.
This flock produces over 1.46 million kilograms of wool each year and sells 120 000 head of sheep to both processors and restockers.
Pooginook Station.
Pooginook Station, is an historic Merino stud made up of almost 20 000 hectares of native and irrigated grazing land in the Riverina Region of NSW, and was Paraway's first purchase when it was formed in 2007.
As a result of its specific husbandry practices, careful selection and continual benchmarking, Pooginook aims to set the standard for high quality stud and commercial sheep.
They host an annual ram sale on the last Tuesday of September each year where both their Merino and Poll rams are auctioned.
Semen is also available for sale from Pooginook special stud sires.""
Pooginook is a member of the NSW Stud Merino Breeders Association.
The ram breeding enterprise that began as the foundation of what is Pooginook today was established by the Culley and Taylor Partnership in 1912 as Yoorooga Merino Stud at Jerilderie.
The base of the breeding ewes came from Wanganella and the rams from Murga.
When the partnership dissolved in 1937, Pooginook Stud was formed with half of the stud sheep and Wonga Stud was formed with the other half.
The Pooginook Stud stock that have descended from Yoorooga's original flock is what Paraway purchased in 2007.
Cropping.
As an addition to its sheep and cattle operations, Paraway has dryland cropping area totally over 20 000 hectares as well as 2 500 hectares of irrigated cropping.
This land produces a variety of cereal crops, legumes, rice and cotton.
Paraway retains a significant amount of the grain and hay it produces to use in its livestock operations.""
Properties.
As at June 2019, Paraway owns a total of 27 properties across the Eastern States of Australia, namely Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.
Burlygino () is a rural locality (a village) in Golovinskoye Rural Settlement, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia.
The population was 93 as of 2010.
There are 2 streets.
Geography.
Founded on December 3, 1925 as the Welfareville School, it is one of the oldest educational institutions in Mandaluyong and is currently one of the four public special schools in the Philippines.
It serves as the umbrella organization of 12 special education units located in different parts of Metro Manila and Rizal and offers kindergarten, elementary, secondary (junior and senior high school), alternative learning system, and special education to regular learners and learners with special education needs.
History.
The history of JFMS traces its roots to Act No. 2671 enacted by the Philippine Legislature on January 10, 1917 which established the first government orphanage and marked the beginning of the national child welfare program in the Philippines.
On December 3, 1924, Act No. 3203 was passed placing "public institutions intended for the care, custody, correction, education and training of orphans, homeless, neglected, abused, defective and delinquent children under the administration and supervision of the Bureau of Public Welfare".
On January 6, 1925, the Bureau of Public Welfare purchased a 56-hectare land in the municipality of San Felipe Neri, Province of Rizal, where the government's child-caring institutions were established on December 3, 1925 and collectively called Welfareville Institutions.
A school was also established, called Welfareville School, to provide academic instruction and vocational training to orphans and wards of Welfareville Institutions. 61 enacted on October 20, 1936 for the continued operation and maintenance of Welfareville Institutions.
On December 11, 1958, President Carlos P. Garcia issued Executive Order No. 326 reorganizing the Social Welfare Administration (an agency created following the abolition of Bureau of Public Welfare) which used to administer and supervise the Welfareville Institutions.
This resulted to the transfer of oversight of Welfareville School to the Department of Education.
Under this arrangement, the Welfareville School provided formal education to orphans and wards of Welfareville Institutions which it subsequently called "special education units," with the Social Welfare Administration retaining jurisdiction of the institutions.
For many years since its establishment, there have been calls to change the name of the school to remove the stigma associated with it as the "dumping ground of society's rejects."
On June 21, 1963, Republic Act No. 3576 was passed changing the name of Welfareville School to Jose Fabella Memorial School.
This was in honor of Dr. Jose Fabella, the first Commissioner of the Bureau of Public Welfare and considered as the Father of Public Health and Social Welfare in the Philippines, who laid the plan for the development of Welfareville Institutions.
Following an agreement between the Philippine government and the United Nations Children's Fund to upgrade the child welfare services in the Philippines, Republic Act No. 5260 was enacted on June 15, 1968 which called for the dispersion and decentralization of the Welfareville Institutions.
This led to the dispersal of the special education units of JFMS in Metro Manila and outskirts.
On August 11, 2011, Republic Act No. 9155 was passed which placed JFMS under the Schools Division Office of Mandaluyong.
At present, JFMS is one of the four public special schools in the Philippines and consists of a flagship campus in Mandaluyong which caters to regular learners and learners with learning disabilities and behavioral problems and 12 special education units located in different parts of Metro Manila and Rizal which cater to learners with various special education needs.
Administration.
Since its establishment as Welfareville School on December 3, 1925, the school was governed by Bureau of Public Welfare under the Department of Public Instruction from 1925 to 1938 and under the Department of Health and Public Welfare from 1939 to 1946.
On October 4, 1947, the administration and supervision of Welfareville School was transferred to the Social Welfare Commission which replaced the Bureau of Public Welfare after its abolition.
On January 3, 1951, President Elpidio Quirino issued Executive Order No. 396 converting the Social Welfare Commission into Social Welfare Administration, thereby making it the governing agency of Welfareville School.
Following the reorganization of the Social Welfare Administration on December 11, 1958, the oversight of Welfareville School was transferred to the Special Subjects and Services Division, and later to the Special Education Unit of the Department of Education.
At present, JFMS is directly supervised by the Schools Division Office of Mandaluyong which oversees all public and private elementary and secondary educational institutions, including alternative learning systems in its jurisdiction.
JFMS is headed by a Special Education Principal with the assistance of three Assistant Principals, for Grade School, Junior High School, and Senior High School, all of whom are designated by the Schools Division Office.
The special education units of JFMS are headed by Teachers-in-Charge designated by the principal.
As of 2015, JFMS had a total of 104 personnel complement, including 39 elementary and 36 secondary special education teachers.
Campus.
The main campus of JFMS sits on a portion of 56-hectare government land which is now the sprawling Welfareville Compound.
Other government agencies located along the vicinity of JFMS include the Nayon ng Kabataan (front), Welfareville Commission (left) and Commission on Population (right).
The units of JFMS are located in Metro Manila, except for the National Training School for Boys which is situated in Tanay, Rizal.
People.
People affiliated with JFMS as students, graduates, and teaching and non-teaching personnel are called "Fabellans."
Chan Koonchung (born 1952) is a Chinese science-fiction writer who has previously lived in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the United States.
He currently lives in Beijing.
Chan also holds Canadian citizenship.
Previously, he worked as a reporter for the Hong Kong tabloid, The Star.
In 1991 he played the role of Professor Liu Yuebai in Yan Hao and Xu Ke's adaptation of Ah Cheng's 1984 novel, The Chess Master.
His dystopian novel "The Fat Years" (2009) was published in English by Doubleday in 2011.
In his book, "The Unbearable Dreamworld of Champa the Driver" (2014), the Tibetan driver and lover of a Chinese businesswoman falls in love with her daughter.
It is a satirical metaphor of the unbalanced relations between China and Tibet.
Biography.
Koonchung was born in 1952 in Shanghai, China.
Born near Georgetown, Kentucky, Owens attended the common schools, also Kentucky Wesleyan College, Millersburg, Kentucky, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and was graduated from Columbia Law School, New York City, in 1872.
He was admitted to the bar in the same year and commenced practice in Georgetown, Kentucky.
He served as prosecuting attorney for Scott County, Kentucky from 1874 to 1877, when he resigned.
He served as delegate to the 1892 Democratic National Convention.
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1896.
He became affiliated with the Republican Party in 1896.
He moved to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1900 and resumed the practice of law.
He died in Louisville, Kentucky, November 18, 1925.
The United States Air Force's 688th Cyberspace Wing is a cyberspace operations unit located at Joint Base San Antonio (Lackland), Texas.
The wing delivers information operations and engineering infrastructure for air, space, and cyberspace military operations.
It supports national, joint and Air Force operations.
Component units.
Unless otherwise indicated, units are based at Kelly Field Annex, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, and subordinate units are located at the same location as their commanding group.
In July 1953, United States Air Force Security Service organized the 6901st and 6902d Special Communications Centers at Brooks Air Force Base, Texas.
One month later, these two organizations were replaced by the Air Force Special Communications Center, located on the other side of San Antonio, Texas at Kelly Air Force Base.
The center became the Air Force Electronic Warfare Center in July 1975.
Air Force successes in exploiting enemy information systems during Operation Desert Storm led to the realization that the strategies and tactics of command and control warfare could be expanded to the entire information spectrum and be implemented as information warfare.
In response, the center was redesignated the Air Force Information Warfare Center on 10 September 1993, combining technical skill sets from the existing center with the Air Force Cryptologic Support Center's Securities Directorate and intelligence capabilities from the former Air Force Intelligence Command.
In May 2007, after 54 years of being aligned with United States Air Force Security Service and its successors, the center became part of Air Combat Command and was reassigned to Eighth Air Force.
This assignment did not last long, for in August 2009 the center was redesignated the 688th Information Operations Wing and was assigned to Twenty-Fourth Air Force of Air Force Space Command.
The Air Force Information Operations Center became the 688th Cyberspace Wing on 18 August 2009 as planned by the initial Air Force Cyber Command plan of 2007 and 2008.
Today the wing has a staff of nearly 1,400 civil and military personnel, and based in the same location as United States Strategic Command's Joint Information Operations Warfare Center.
Early life.
He moved with his family at age 5 to Trenton, New Jersey.
He was educated in the parochial schools of Newark and of Hamilton township public schools where he studied engineering.
Career.
He organized the Trenton Hygeia Ice Company, the Trenton Brewery Company, and was instrumental in consolidating all the gas and electric companies of Trenton.
Along with his twin brother, John L. Kuser, he was the leading spirit in the purchase of the Trenton Street Railway Company.
He was president of the South Jersey Gas and Electric Lighting Company, and he originated the idea of manufacturing coke at Camden, and of piping the gas to Trenton.
At the time, it was the longest piping line of its kind in the world.
In 1889, he was appointed the personal staff of Governor Leon Abbett, where he received a nickname of "Colonel".
He would serve in a similar capacity for Governors George T. Werts and John W. Griggs.
He served on the board of railroad assessors and was nominated for state senator from Mercer county, but refused to accept.
In 1909, he financed the Kuser-William Beebe Expedition to study birds in Ceylon, India, Burma, the Malay States, Java, Borneo, China and Japan.
In 1910, he purchased the High Point Inn from the estate of Charles St. John and proceeded to remodel it into his personal home although he rarely used it.
He would remain on the Fox board until his death.
Personal life.
On February 8, 1929, Kuser died at his estate, Los Incas, a 12-bedroom six-acre oceanfront palazzo estate in the Venetian style in West Palm Beach.
His funeral was attended by many of the days most important men, including the ambassador to Spain and two former governors.
Philanthropy.
In 1922, he donated his home at High Point along with for a state park.
In 1927, he selected an architect to design a war memorial on the summit to be modeled on the Bunker Hill Monument.
The obelisk was still under construction when he died at his estate in West Palm Beach in 1929.
Pine Hall, also known as the Jeremiah Dunn House and Julian Gregory House, is a historic home located at Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina.
The original core is a two-story, frame I-house with a hipped roof over a raised basement.
It features a two-story pedimented portico with massive Doric order columns.
Identical side-gable, single-pile, one-story wings were added with the 1940-1941 renovation.
Juraj Filip is a Slovak sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1990s.
The Very Best of Tracy Lawrence is a 2007 compilation album by country music artist Tracy Lawrence.
It is his third greatest-hits album.
This compilation comprises 21 of his top ten singles, arranged in chronological order, from his 1991 debut "Sticks and Stones" to 2003's "Paint Me a Birmingham".
Of the songs on this album, only the 1994 single "Renegades, Rebels and Rogues" (from the soundtrack to the 1994 film "Maverick") was not previously included on one of Lawrence's studio releases.
The women's heavyweight competition in sumo at the 2022 World Games took place on 9 July 2022 at the Boutwell Auditorium in Birmigham, United States.
Competition format.
A total of 16 athletes entered the competition.
Marc Joulaud (born 3 September 1967 in Mayenne) is a French politician who served as Member of the European Parliament for the West France constituency from 2014 until 2019.
He was given a suspended three-year sentence due to the Fillon affair.
Early life and education.
Joulaud studied law, first at the Maine University in Le Mans where he obtained a public law bachelor.
He finished his studies at Science Po Paris, where he specialised in local government.
Career.
In 1995 and 1998, when Fillon was elected president of the and , Joulaud followed him as his closest advisor.
Career in national politics.
In this committee he was in charge of the monitoring of the credit execution.
He was also vice-president of the friendship group between France and Slovenia.
Joulaud returned as an MP on 20 July 2007 and returned in his previous political group and committee, but became president of the friendship group between France and Sierra-Leone.
As a candidate for the European elections of 2014, Joulaud was at the 3rd place on the UMP list, after Alain Cadec and Elisabeth Morin-Chartier.
Nationwide, his list was one of the three UMP lists that arrived ahead the Front National lists at these elections.
In the European Parliament, Joulaud was a member of the EPP group, the biggest political group in the European Parliament.
He served as a full member of the Committee on Regional Development (REGI) and a substitute member of the Committee on Culture and Education (CULT).
On the REGI committee, Joulaud worked on urban policies and the implementation of the new regional policy.
In the CULT committee, he specialised in digital policies, copyright policy and the audiovisual and media policies.
Reflecting this, he was appointed as the EPP shadow rapporteur on CULT opinions on IPR enforcement and the copyright reform.
Battlesbridge is a village in Essex, England.
It straddles the River Crouch which is tidal and navigable up to this point.
It is approximately south-southeast of Chelmsford and north of Rayleigh.
The north bank of the river is in the civil parish of Rettendon, while the south bank is in Rawreth.
It is a suburb of the town of Wickford and falls under the postal codes used in Wickford.
Today it is home to a number of antiques centres, one of which is in a former mill.
Battlesbridge is a conservation area which was jointly designated by Chelmsford Borough Council (north side of the river) and Rochford District Council (south side of the river) in February 1992 and March 1992 respectively.
The village is served by Battlesbridge railway station on the Crouch Valley Line.
Classic Car and Motorbike shows are held here each year.
For some years, the Battlesbridge Rural Theatre staged outdoor shows with proceeds going to local charities.
History.
There are several suggestions as to how Battlesbridge got its name, but none are definitive.
Philip Benton, writing in the 1860s, suggested that it could have been linked to the Battle of Assandune, fought between the Saxons and the Danes, or possibly some other battle.
There is a reference to "Batailesbregge" in 1351, in connection with the family of Reginald Battaille, and this seems to be the most likely explanation, although Newton suggests that it cannot be completely ruled out that it derives from "Botuluesbrige", linking it to St Botolph, the seventh century patron saint of wayfarers.
There has been a bridge at Battlesbridge since at least 1372, and possibly a little earlier, since the "Batailesbregge" mentioned in 1351 suggests the presence of a bridge there.
In 1571, the bridge was described as 'ruinous and in great decay' at the Quarter Sessions.
A new timber bridge was constructed in 1769 and the roadway was managed by a Turnpike Trust between 1794 and 1820.
Another new bridge was erected in 1845, but collapsed when a steam traction engine attempted to cross it.
This carried all traffic for over 100 years, until it was widened on the upstream side to accommodate two lanes of traffic.
The road that it carries was once the A130 road, but was declassified when the Battlesbridge Bypass was built a little further to the west.
The road over the bypass bridge has since been reclassified as the A1245, when it was superseded by the Mayrose Bridge, further upstream, which was built as part of a project to construct a replacement A130 road between Chelmsford and the A127 Southend Arterial Road.
The bridge has a span of with two intermediate piers, and provides of headroom above normal high tide levels in the river.
Battlesbridge was a small port by the late medieval period, and continued to expand subsequently.
By 1777, there were a number of farmstead scattered along the north bank of the river, while the area to the south was unenclosed marshland.
A tide mill was built around 1771, although it is not known whether there was an earlier mill at the site.
Marshes to the south of the river were protected from flooding around 1812, so that they could be used for grazing sheep, and the river had been embanked by 1876.
The 1838 tithe maps show that cottages and shops had been built on the north bank, with many of the cottages having gardens.
There were also kilns, a second mill on the south bank, and more cottages to the east.
By the late 19th century, there were mills, farms, coal yards, lime kilns and maltings.
Wharves on both sides of the river enabled boats to be loaded with flour and hay for animal bedding, with incoming cargoes of coal.
Malt, lime and chalk were also traded, while the river provided good catches of fish.
Communication was improved by the opening of the Crouch Valley line by the Great Eastern Railway, with Battlesbridge railway station opening for passengers on 1 July 1889.
The line was electrified in 1986.
A significant feature of the village is the dam across the river which was part of a tide mill.
In 1765, local people from the parish of Rettendon petitioned the Lord of the Manor, Thomas Fitch of Danbury, for permission to build a mill on the north bank of the river.
When it was built, the mill was situated on the south bank, and was therefore in the parish of Rawreth, where St John College, Cambridge acted as Lord of the Manor.
The land on which the building stood was purchased from the college, while the mill building was complete by February 1767, or possibly earlier.
It had four storeys and was powered by two water wheels, driving four pairs of French stones.
The complex also included a house for the miller and an outhouse.
John Deely the miller became bankrupt in 1837, and the mill was sold.
The sale documents described it as a tide mill with a house, a stabling coach house and a granary together with an extensive coal wharf and brick yard with dry kilns.
Water from the incoming tide flowed through a set of pointed gates, which closed as the tide began to fall.
The impounded water drove a breastshot wheel which was in diameter and wide.
Lighters could enter the mill leat through a set of gates at every tide.
There was a granary below the bridge, which could be accessed more easily, without the need for boats to lower their masts.
Under the ownership of William Meeson, the business prospered, and he built a new mill house in 1857.
Around 1896, a steam mill was built on the north bank of the river just below the bridge, and a second mill on the south bank was constructed soon afterwards.
A leat was partially constructed from the old mill to the new, but power was provided by oil engines.
Despite this, records stated that water and steam power were in use in 1886 and 1926.
The grade II listed building that remains is built of bricks and dates from the late 18th century.
It has a red tiled roof with a weatherboarded lucam and gable, and contains three storeys and a loft.
It is used as a warehouse with attached offices.
The dam is built of red bricks with stone copings.
The granary and drying kiln is located slightly further upstream, and was built of red brick in the early 19th century.
The single storey west range has a red pantiled roof, the two storey central range has a grey slate roof, and the kiln is at the east end, with its tall pyramidal roof and timber wind cowl.
This building has been converted into a house, and is also grade II listed.
The owner of the mill restored the tide gates in 1989 and used a new water wheel to drive an electrical generator.
The tidal gates were replaced again in 2008.
The new gates, weighing 19 tonnes, were constructed using pine beams and metal sluices.
The design and working drawings for the project were prepared by Roy Hart, the owner of the site, and the work was carried out by Hart and his son Justin.
Keeble Brothers of Woodham Ferrers assisted with some of the more specialised milling of the timber.
Facilities.
For a number of years, the Battlesbridge Rural Theatre put on shows, with proceeds going to local charities.
The first production was in 2001, when Roy Hart, owner of the tide mill, asked Simon Richards, an actor and director based in Thorpe Bay, to stage an outdoor production.
He selected the cast, organised the production, and usually played a role himself.
Shows that have been staged include "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "Lark Rise to Candleford", "The Wind in the Willows", "Treasure Island" and "The Importance of Being Earnest".
From the 1960s onwards, Battlesbridge became a centre for antiques and collectibles.
Around a dozen buildings on the north bank of the river are used for this purpose, with the largest being the former mill.
The village has two pubs.
The Barge Inn is near to the bridge, and occupies a grade II listed timber-framed and weatherboarded building dating from the 17th and 18th centuries.
The Hawk is a large country pub, located on Hawk Hill opposite the entrance to the railway station.
There is a place of worship on Hawk Hill, within the conservation area, known as Battlesbridge Free Church.
It was formed around 1846, and is a member of the Congregational Federation.
The adjacent church hall provides a meeting space within the village, but it is a temporary building of poor quality.
There is a small motorcycle museum, housing a collection of vintage and classic motorbikes, as well as assorted memorabilia.
Biography.
Carter-Hansen was born in 1941.
She studied art at Elam School of Fine Arts for three years from the age of 17 to 20, then travelled to Europe.
On her return she enrolled for a bachelor of fine arts degree in photography and printmaking at the University of Auckland, studying under Colin McCahon and graduating in 1986.
After graduation, Carter-Hansen exhibited in solo and group shows in Auckland and taught painting, drawing and design, as well as freelancing in photo-journalism.
She also worked in design, designing posters and cards for environmental and peace organisations.
In 1987 she moved to Sydney, Australia.
She freelanced as a children's book illustrator and photographer and tutored at tertiary art institutes and universities.
In 1990 she completed a certificate in animation and began creating short films.
In 1996 she completed a master of fine arts degree at Western Sydney University.
Carter-Hansen's work has attracted a number of nominations and awards.
Her first children's book, "The Elegant Elephant", was a finalist for the Lothian Unpublished Children's Fction Award.
Brasenose Wood and Shotover Hill is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the eastern outskirts of Oxford in Oxfordshire.
It is a Nature Conservation Review site.
Most Brasenose Wood is a remnant of the ancient Shotover Forest, and it is one of the few woods which is still managed by the traditional method of coppice-with-standards.
It has a very diverse ground flora, and 221 species of vascular plant have been recorded, including 46 which are characteristic of ancient woodland.
Shotover Hill has heath and unimproved grassland.
It is described by Natural England as "of outstanding entomological interest", with many rare flies, bees, wasps and ants.
Rendezvous in Space is a 1964 documentary film about the future of space exploration, directed by Frank Capra.
It is notable for being the final film that Frank Capra directed.
The film was funded by Martin Marietta and was shown at the Hall of Science Pavilion of the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair.
Georgina Johanna Garcia Sanchez is a ballerina from the Philippines.
From 1995 to 2002 she was a company dancer of the ballet company, Ballet Philippines.
She was invited by European choreographer and director Nicolas Musin to join the Abcdancecompany in St. Potten, Austria where she has been featured since 2002.
Career.
Gorgette Sanchez wore her first tutu at the age of 3 at Bacolod, Philippines.
In Bacolod, she began to learn the discipline of ballet.
It wasn't until the early 1990s when she transferred to Manila and further honed her dancing skills with the guidance of Agnes Locsin where Cecile Sicangco and Denisa Reyes was also trained alongside her.
She had been in Ballet Philippines seven years as a company member, two years as an apprentice, and two years as a scholar.
In 2000, Georgette Sanchez won the silver medal in the 9th Paris International Dance Competition, for her performances in Agnes Locsin's September and Alden Lugnasin's Aku.
After the end of that season she left again for Germany for another take on the European dance scene.
Notable performances.
Georgette's most notable performances was portraying Sita in the world premiere of "Unraveling the Maya" in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
This paved way for her international career performing in September and Alden Lugnasin's Aku.
Kharoshthi is a Unicode block containing characters used to write the Gandhari and Sanskrit languages in northwest India from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE.
Originally opened in 1951, it went out of business in late 2019.
History.
The original establishment was famous for its pies which were for many years baked by Theresa Redding.
The diner was founded in 1951 by Elmer and Grace Paxton for their son Lee who was returning from military service.
They bought a Mountain View prefabricated stainless steel diner (serial no. 301) and had it fitted to their house, which contains the kitchen.
As of May 2000, the diner was eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.
After a series of inspection failures and dwindling business, the diner was leased in June 2018 to Teddy Petropoulos, who made improvements and re-opened the establishment the following month as Vicky's Diner, naming it after his youngest daughter.
The diner ceased operations on August 3, 2019.
After reopening as US 30 Diner in September 2019, the property was again cited for several health code violations in November, and with a follow-up inspection given 90 days to "obtain or register with a food safety certification course".
In June 2021, the property was reported to have been sold within the prior three months to two buyers.
Saba Island is a rocky Caribbean island in the United States Virgin Islands, situated three miles south of Cyril E. King Airport on St. Thomas and 2.6 miles west of Water Island.
It is a steep, 200 feet high island with a sandy beach on the northern side.
Turtledove Cay is connected by a shallow sandbar.
Saba Island has salt ponds on both the eastern and western sides, which is popular bird observation posts, and has numerous rocky cliffs with sea birds on its southern shores.
Besides for bird observation, the island is visited by scuba divers and snorkelers.
In addition to coral reefs, the waters here are home to numerous ship wrecks, such as the "Witshoal II", "Witconcrete II", "Grainton", and "Witservice IV".
Flora and fauna.
The island has the archipelago's largest colonies of seabirds with more than 30,000 sooty terns.
Other seabird species include bridled, sandwich, royal and roseate terns, brown noddies, laughing gulls, as well as red-billed and white-tailed tropicbirds.
It is an entry level rifle from Sauer, and is produced on the same factory and shares many parts with Mauser M18.
Technical.
The stock comes with a proprietary bedding called "Ever-Rest" which consists of a metal block around the front action screw.
The trigger has one stage, with an adjustable weight between 1000 and 2000 grams (2.2 to 4.4 lbs).
The bolt has 3 locking lugs and a 60 degree bolt throw.
The lugs neither locks into the action or the barrel, but instead locks into a breech ring mounted between the barrel and action.
Maribel Arana is a Guatemalan model and beauty pageant contestant who represented Guatemala in Miss World 2008 in South Africa.
Phyllorhiza is a genus of jellyfish in the family Mastigiidae.
Success is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Ralph Ince and starring Brandon Tynan, Naomi Childers, and Mary Astor.
Preservation.
Hi, Buddy is a 1943 American musical film directed by Harold Young and written by Warren Wilson.
The film stars Dick Foran, Harriet Nelson, Robert Paige, Marjorie Lord, Bobs Watson, Tommy Cook, Jennifer Holt and Gus Schilling.
HMS "Leveret" was a "Cruizer"-class brig-sloop built at Dover, England, and launched in 1806.
She was wrecked in 1807.
Service history.
Commander George Salt commissioned "Leveret" in February 1806.
She sailed for the Mediterranean in April 1807 and was off Cadiz, Spain, in July 1806.
Later she sailed to the Baltic Sea.
On 21 October 1806 she recaptured the brig "Beaver", of Great Yarmouth.
She was under his command when she was wrecked on the Galloper Rock near Great Yarmouth during a gale on 10 November 1807.
She had been ordered to see "Waldemaar", a captured Danish ship-of-the-line, safely into port.
There were no deaths as the fishing smack "Samuel" came up and "Leveret"s crew used her boats to transfer to the smack.
A contemporary newspaper report has the gale forcing "Leveret" onto the "Long Sand", where she lost her rudder.
With of water in her hold, she was drifting towards the Galloper Rock.
As the water level rose, the crew were ordered to abandon ship and took to the boats.
A vessel from Ipswich then took them to Harwich.
The court martial, held on board the 44-gun fifth rate frigate in Sheerness Harbour on 18 November 1807, ruled that O'Connor, his officers, and his crew had made every exertion to save their ship once she had struck.
Rear-Admiral Wells, Commander-in-Chief Sheerness, then charged that O'Connor had not helped a frigate "on her beam ends" on the Long Sand on 10 November.
The court ruled that O'Connor was blameless and that the charge was not proven.
Background.
Moreover, the Lu side dispatched Jiu's tutor, Guan Zhong, to lead troops to intercept Xiaobai along the road from Ju to Qi.
Although Guan Zhong managed to hit Xiaobai with an arrow, it only pierced his belt buckle, allowing Xiaobai to fake his death by biting his tongue and escape while Guan Zhong was reporting back to Lu.
When the Lu escort forces eventually reached Qi after six days, Xiaobai had already made his way back into the state and ascended to the Qi throne as the new Duke (posthumously known as Duke Huan).
Confrontation at Qianshi.
This turn of events infuriated Duke Zhuang, who then personally led a new campaign against Qi in the late summer to install Jiu to the throne.
Aftermath.
We ask you to chastise him.
Guan Zhong and Shao Hu are our enemies.
We ask you to hand them over, and we will be satisfied.
"Mistletoe and Wine" is a Christmas song made famous as a chart-topping single by Cliff Richard in 1988.
The song was written by Jeremy Paul, Leslie Stewart and Keith Strachan for a musical called "Scraps", which was an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's "The Little Match Girl" set in Victorian London.
Background.
"Scraps" was first performed at the Orange Tree Theatre, Richmond, London in 1976.
The musical was renamed "The Little Match Girl" and adapted for television by HTV in 1987, and featured Roger Daltrey, Paul Daneman, Jimmy Jewel and Twiggy.
As originally conceived, "Mistletoe and Wine" had a different meaning from that for which it has come to be known.
The writers wanted a song that sounded like a Christmas carol, intending it to be sung ironically while the little matchgirl is kicked out into the snow by the unfeeling middle classes.
By the time the musical transferred to television, the song had become a lusty pub song sung by the local whore, as played by Twiggy.
Cliff Richard version.
Richard liked the song but changed the lyrics to reflect a more religious theme (which the writers accepted).
Richard's ninety-ninth single, it became his twelfth UK number-one single, spending four weeks at the top in December 1988 and selling 750,000 copies in the process.
In the short six-week period since its release, it became the highest-selling single of 1988.
Simultaneously, it also spent four weeks at the top of the Irish Singles Chart.
In December 2007 the single re-entered the UK Singles Chart by virtue of downloads, peaking at number 68.
One of the record-breaking statistics often cited about Richard is his achievement of number one hit singles in five consecutive decades.
Richard's version of the song was also used in a British public information film about drink driving.
The film was part of the Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign, in which films were shown during ad breaks over the Christmas period.
George and Mildred is a 1980 British comedy film directed by Peter Frazer Jones.
It was an adaptation of the television series of the same name, with Yootha Joyce and Brian Murphy reprising their roles as the two title characters.
It was written by Dick Sharples.
Synopsis.
Mildred is keen to ascertain whether or not her husband George has remembered their 27th wedding anniversary.
Needless to say, he has not.
When he finally remembers, he books a table at the restaurant where he first proposed to Mildred.
Mildred then decides that she and George will celebrate their 27th wedding anniversary in style at the plush, world famous London hotel - however unhappy George might be at the cost involved.
But on arrival, George is mistaken for a ruthless hit-man by a shady businessman (Stratford Johns), who wants a rival eliminated.
Reception.
Released on 27 July, less than a month before the death of star Yootha Joyce (who died on 24 August 1980), the film was neither a commercial nor a critical success.
One critic has described the film as "one of the worst films ever made in Britain .
.
. so strikingly bad, it seems to have been assembled with a genuine contempt for its audience."
A writer for "The Guardian" stated that the film's failure marked "the death knell" for the 1970s British practice of producing motion picture spinoffs based on sitcoms.
Mission Trails Regional Park is a open space preserve within the city of San Diego, California, established in 1974.
It is the sixth-largest municipally owned park in the United States, and the largest in California.
Description.
The park consists mostly of rugged canyons and hills, with both natural and developed recreation areas, including beautiful flowers.
It is the seventh-largest open space urban park in the United States, consisting of nearly .
The highest point is Cowles Mountain, which is also the highest point in the city of San Diego.
The San Diego River flows through the park.
A one-way access road goes through the park, allowing hikers, bikers and pedestrians on one side and cars on the other.
The park is open every day of the year.
The park has 60 miles of hiking, mountain bike and equestrian trails, a rock climbing area, and the Kumeyaay Lake Campground with 46 camp sites adjacent to a small lake.
There is also the Mission Trails Regional Park Visitor and Interpretive Center.
It includes a number of exhibits, a library, and a 93-seat theater that includes a Blu-ray projection system with a large screen.
The Visitor Center also includes an art gallery.
The most popular trail of the park is the Cowles Mountain trail (pronounced Colz), which takes hundreds of people per day to the summit for a 360-degree panorama of San Diego County.
Another popular destination within the park is Lake Murray, a reservoir supplying water to San Diego neighborhoods.
It has a surface area of approximately 168 acres.
The lake is periodically stocked with trout and bass.
On December 17, 2014, West Sycamore was officially opened to the public.
This increased the size of the park by just over 1,100 acres and includes 6 miles of trails.
West Sycamore is located adjacent to the Scripps Ranch community and is at the very east end of Stonebridge Parkway.
It is north of the main area of MTRP.
Special annual events at Mission Trails include the Amateur Photo Contest which begins in March, with entries due by the middle of April.
Natural history.
The park is in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.
It has coastal sage and chaparral and riparian habitats and plant communities of California native plants.
New Conservation Plans.
In July 2022, the City of San Diego purchased 25 acres to add onto the park.
In September 2022, The Mission Trails Regional Park (MTRP) Foundation officially announced that it had received a 2 million dollar grant from the San Diego River Conservancy to extend the park into what is currently private, but uninhabited land.
This proposed addition for adding more land would be within the uninhabited "planning area" of the East Elliott Community, north of State Route 52 and bordering the Marine Corps Air Station Miramar.
The MTRP Foundation itself acts as a nonprofit group dedicated to preserving, protecting, and improving the park and is receiving the grant from the San Diego River Conservancy (SDRC) since the San Diego River runs directly through Mission Trails, including the Old Mission Dam which is a historic conifer for the river.
The SDRC operates as an independent, non-regulatory state agency established with a similar goal to the MTRP Foundation by intending to preserve, restore, and enhance protected regions or systems in and around the river.
Due to the preserve already being one of the largest urban parks in the United States, both of the new acquisition efforts will purportedly obtain ultimately more than 100 additional acres of land for the park.
Both purchases would support the park's "2019 Master Plan Update" and the "City of San Diego's Multiple Species Conservation Program" (MSCP), which aims to preserve essential landscapes and their (largely endemic) ecosystems.
Notably, the introduction of such projects which are characterized by extension of the park's borders as well as preservation of additional scenic landscapes would also support the policies of related organizations like The California Natural Resources Agency by virtue of imparting a variety of ecological benefits such as habitat conservation, and protection of wildlife corridors in addition to related areas like the San Diego River's watershed segments which are juristically still a part of Mission Trails.
This includes the small, surrounding scenic zones of Lake Murray (reservoir) and nearby canyons.
The expected conservancy grant is estimated to take up to two years.
During this time, the MTRP Foundation will work to secure additional funding to support other land acquisition opportunities in the East Elliott Community Planning Area.
Altogether, this could result in roughly 600 additional acres which are now under private ownership.
2003 Cedar Fire.
A significant portion of the park was burned by the Cedar Fire in 2003.
Jinqiao () is a town of Pudong, Shanghai, China.
It is in the middle of Pudong, with Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park on its south, Huangpu River at its north, overlooking Lujiazui Financial and Trade Center to its west.
On its north side, is Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone and harbor.
Jinqiao has a national development zone - Jinqiao Export Processing Zone.
The area contains a relatively high proportion of foreign nationals and is notable for its large number of International Schools and comfortable environment.
Jinqiao covers an area of .
It governs seven villages, seven residential areas, and one international community.
The registered population is over 28,000, while the floating population is over 87,000.
More than 3,000 foreigners live in Jinqiao.
In recent times, before massive reconstruction, the area was known for its prostitution circles which had stalled the economic development of the area, and is something that still exists under cover in its numerous massage centres.
Amenities.
Jinqiao has developed rapidly over the last few years.
It does not, however, contain the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.
Economy.
As a part of Shanghai Free Trade Zone, the modern service industry has become the most important part in economic development.
Many shopping centers have been built in Jinqiao, and have become popular places for families to spend in weekends and holidays, such as Jinqiao International Commercial Center.
Housing.
Road.
The Middle Ring of Shanghai passes through Jinqiao.
Metro.
Jinqiao Road Station of Shanghai Metro line 6 is near the Jinqiao International Commercial Center.
From here the Tambo River flows in an easterly direction and then turns north.
When merging with the Urubamba River at the town of Atalaya, it becomes the Ucayali River.
An Ecclesiastial award is an official award, honor or privilege presented by ecclesiastical authority.
In the Eastern Orthodox Church certain official awards and honours may be bestowed upon members of the clergy and laity.
When a bishop wishes to confer an ecclesiastical award or honor on a deacon or priest under his jurisdiction, this will normally be accomplished at the Little Entrance of the Divine Liturgy.
At the end of the Third Antiphon (normally the Beatitudes), the procession with the Gospel Book will halt at the bishop's cathedra (episcopal throne).
The clergyman who is to receive the award will be presented to the bishop, the protodeacon will remove the bishop's mitre, the bishop will lay his hand upon the head of the clergyman and say the prayer proper to that particular award.
He will then confer the award and the people will exclaim, "Axios!
Axios!
Axios!" as an expression of their acknowledgment of the clergyman's worthiness for the award, similar to applause at a secular awards ceremony.
Awards differ according to the rank of the individual honored, and will vary among the ecclesiastical jurisdictions.
Awards granted to bishops and the higher awards to priests are often reserved to begin conferred by a synod of bishops.
Some of these awards have their origin in the Byzantine court, others developed later.
Kinney was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts around 1847.
His family later moved to Iowa, and in 1865, after the Civil War ended, Kinney enlisted in the US Army.
At the rank of sergeant, Kinney was mustered out of the army in 1873.
Jesse Evans was one of the early members.
On December 31, 1875, Kinney, Evans, Jim McDaniels and Pony Diehl entered a saloon in Las Cruces, New Mexico, where they became involved in a brawl with Cavalry soldiers from Fort Seldon.
The outlaws were beaten badly and thrown out of the saloon.
They returned shortly thereafter and opened fire, killing two soldiers and one civilian, and wounding two other soldiers and one civilian.
Not long afterwards, Evans broke away from the gang to form the Jesse Evans Gang.
Kinney enlisted his gang in the El Paso Salt War.
Then both gangs were later enlisted by the "Murphy-Dolan Faction" at the outset of the Lincoln County War, and it was Jesse Evans and members of his gang who killed John Tunstall, spurring Billy the Kid and his "Regulators" into action.
During the battle and siege of the McSween house, Billy the Kid fired a shot that hit Kinney in the face, but he survived.
In 1878, Kinney was arrested for the murder of Ysabel Barela, but was acquitted.
In 1883 Kinney was arrested for cattle rustling and sentenced to prison.
Released in 1886, he did not return to his outlaw life.
By that time all the members of his former gang were either dead or in prison or had disappeared.
Club career.
After winning the 2021 Indonesian Basketball League (IBL) Championship and winning the Most Valuable Player award.
Hardianus Lakudu became a restricted free agent in summer 2021.
SM Pertamina's management had already started talks about a new contract during the season.
The club was ready to offer Hardianus a salary raise.
Yet, Hardianus' travels with the Indonesian national team and the death of his father delayed the contract extension talks.
National team career.
Biography.
Caplan read law at King's College London (LLB, AKC), before undertaking study at The College of Law in London.
Caplan specialises in international criminal law and regulatory work.
Taking silk in 2002, he is one of eight solicitors to have been appointed as King's Counsel.
One of the first Solicitor Advocates in the United Kingdom in 2002, and the first solicitor from a criminal law background to be made a KC, Caplan was one of those who contended that solicitor advocates should be entitled to wear the same wig and gown in court as barristers.
Caplan has commented on the proposed changes to the UK's Corporate manslaughter laws.
He has also contributed to "The Times" Legal supplement.
A native of Switzerland, Spori was a high school principal and government officer in that country.
He was also elected to the Reformed Church's Synod Council.
However, he resigned his seat due to disagreements with the leaders of that church.
In 1877, he joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
In 1879 he emigrated to Utah Territory.
His wife, Magdalena Roschi, and children stayed in Switzerland because they had not joined the LDS Church.
In 1884 Spori, returned to Switzerland as a missionary for the LDS Church.
He baptized his wife.
One week later, he set off to preach in the Ottoman Empire.
While there he baptized Mischa Markow.
In 1886, he performed the first-ever Latter-day Saint baptism in Palestine.
In 1888, Spori was released from his mission.
He went to Switzerland and gathered his family.
After arriving in the United States, they settled in Rexburg, Idaho.
Spori was a highly educated man who had degrees in "mathematics, arts and music, and metallurgy.".
Family.
Football.
Originally playing with Richmond reserves, Donovan transferred to Hawthorn during the 1925 VFL season and made 9 senior appearances in two seasons at the club before breaking his ankle in a reserves match.
Donovan was not retained on Hawthorn's list for the 1927 season.
Later life.
Roy Donovan married Ellen Mary O'Connor in 1936 and they lived in Ultima, Victoria before returning to live in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne.
Round 1 included the London Double Header at Twickenham, between the four London teams.
This season saw the introduction of the controversial ELVs, although only 13 of the rules were used, as opposed to the 30 that were trialled in the Super 14.
The previous season.
Northampton Saints gained promotion to the league this season by finishing top of the National Division One, taking the place of Leeds Carnegie who were relegated.
Season synopsis.
The seventh berth was secured by Northampton Saints when they defeated French side Bourgoin in the European Challenge Cup final on 22 May.
The club that finishes bottom of the table is relegated and replaced by the club that tops the second-level National Division One.
This season, Bristol were relegated, to be replaced by Leeds Carnegie, which won promotion at the first opportunity.
Teams.
Top scorers.
Players may hold one or more non-WR nationalities.
Sofala is a 1947 painting by Australian artist Russell Drysdale.
The painting depicts the main street of the New South Wales town of Sofala.
The painting won the Wynne Prize for 1947. and that "the painting transcends literal description of a particular place to become an expression of the quintessential qualities of an inland Australian country town".
Drysdale painted the work after a trip in 1947 with fellow painter Donald Friend to the country around Bathurst, including the villages of Hill End and Sofala.
In Sofala, Drysdale made some sketches of the main street and took some photographs.
On return to Sydney, both Friend and Drysdale worked on a painting of the main street.
During this exhibition, Hal MissinghamDirector of the Art Gallery of New South Walesnominated the painting for the Wynne Prize.
The awarding of the Prize to "Sofala" "marked a dramatic move away from the traditional pastoral imagery of Australian landscape painting".
It was acquired in 1952 by the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Sydney.
Catalyst poisoning is the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst by a chemical compound.
Poisoning refers specifically to chemical deactivation, rather than other mechanisms of catalyst degradation such as thermal decomposition or physical damage.
Although usually undesirable, poisoning may be helpful when it results in improved catalyst selectivity (e.g.
Lindlar's catalyst).
An important historic example was the poisoning of catalytic converters by leaded fuel.
Poisoning of Pd catalysts.
Organic functional groups and inorganic anions often have the ability to strongly adsorb to metal surfaces.
Common catalyst poisons include carbon monoxide, halides, cyanides, sulfides, sulfites, phosphates, phosphites and organic molecules such as nitriles, nitro compounds, oximes, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
Agents vary their catalytic properties because of the nature of the transition metal.
Lindlar catalysts are prepared by the reduction of palladium chloride in a slurry of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) followed by poisoning with lead acetate.
In a related case, the Rosenmund reduction of acyl halides to aldehydes, the palladium catalyst (over barium sulfate or calcium carbonate) is intentionally poisoned by the addition of sulfur or quinoline in order to lower the catalyst activity and thereby prevent over-reduction of the aldehyde product to the primary alcohol.
Poisoning process.
Poisoning often involves compounds that chemically bond to a catalyst's active sites.
Poisoning decreases the number of active sites, and the average distance that a reactant molecule must diffuse through the pore structure before undergoing reaction increases as a result.
As a result, poisoned sites can no longer accelerate the reaction with which the catalyst was supposed to catalyze.
When the poisoning reaction rate is slow relative to the rate of diffusion, the poison will be evenly distributed throughout the catalyst and will result in homogeneous poisoning of the catalyst.
Conversely, if the reaction rate is fast compared to the rate of diffusion, a poisoned shell will form on the exterior layers of the catalyst, a situation known as "pore-mouth" poisoning, and the rate of catalytic reaction may become limited by the rate of diffusion through the inactive shell.
Selective poisoning.
If the catalyst and reaction conditions are indicative of low effectiveness, selective poisoning may be observed, where poisoning of only a small fraction of the catalyst's surface gives a disproportionately large drop in activity.
Usually, catalyst poisoning is undesirable as it leads to the wasting of expensive metals or their complexes.
However, poisoning of catalysts can be used to improve selectivity of reactions.
Poisoning can allow for selective intermediates to be isolated and desirable final products to be produced.
Hydrodesulfurization catalysts.
In the purification of petroleum products, the process of hydrodesulfurization is utilized.
Thiols, such as thiophene, are reduced using H2 to produce H2S and hydrocarbons of varying chain length.
Common catalysts used are tungsten and molybdenum sulfide.
Adding cobalt and nickel to either edges or partially incorporating them into the crystal lattice structure can improve the catalyst's efficiency.
It is the second-largest air carrier in Colombia after Avianca.
It operates scheduled regional domestic passenger services, as well as a domestic cargo service.
History.
The airline was founded on 2 October 1980, starting operations on 23 February 1981, with a few small planes, until they acquired some Embraer 110 Bandeirante and Fairchild F27.
In 2004, the company made a corporate image change, as well as the change in the stationery, said investment had a cost of close to 1,000 million pesos.
In 2009, with the beginning of the trunk routes, a new era began and thus rubbed shoulders with Avianca and Copa Airlines Colombia, and this was done by incorporating Jet aircraft and breaking the tariff scheme by becoming a low-cost airline.
On 3 December 2011, AIRES was renamed and started operations as "LAN Colombia", becoming a member of the aeronautical holding LATAM Airlines Group.
It became an affiliate member of the Oneworld alliance on 1 October 2013, but left on 1 May 2020.
Fleet.
Similar to a monorail, it had stabilising side rollers, invented and patented by John Barraclough Fell.
The Yarlside area near Barrow-in-Furness served by this railway is unrelated to Yarlside Fell, which is to the east.
History.
Yarlside Iron Mines tramway.
John Barraclough Fell designed and built in 1868 the original "Yarlside Iron Mines tramway" as a horse drawn monorail from an exchange siding at the Furness Railway to the Yarlside Iron Mines.
Parkhouse Tramway.
Two years later, in 1870, John Barraclough Fell replaced it with another experimental narrow gauge railway line, dubbed the "Parkhouse Tramway", named after the Parkhouse Farm west of the mines.
This had a gauge of and had also a very low centre of gravity and stabilising side rollers on a central beam consisting of two trusses.
It was driven by a stationary engine and endless wire rope.
It could transport up to 100,000 tons per year.
The waggons were each loaded with one ton of iron ore, and small carriages with eight passengers were run with perfect steadiness and safety at a speed of 15 to 20 miles per hour.
A sign-on (or start-up in Commonwealth countries except Canada) is the beginning of operations for a radio or television station, generally at the start of each day.
Stations may also sometimes close for transmitter maintenance, or to allow another station to broadcast on the same channel space.
It is common for sign-ons to be followed by a network's early morning newscast, or their morning or breakfast show.
Many stations follow the reverse process to their sign-on sequence at the start of the day.
This may include infomercials, movies, television show reruns, simple weather forecasts, low cost news or infotainment programming from other suppliers, simulcasts of sister services, or feeds of local cable TV companies' programming via a fiber optic line to the cable headend.
Other broadcasters that are part of a radio or television network may run an unedited feed of the network's overnight programming from a central location, without local advertising.
During what are otherwise closedown hours, some channels may also simulcast their teletext pages or full page headlines with music or feeds from sister radio stations playing in the background.
Many stations do include other protocols, such as the national anthem or transmitter information, as a custom, or as a service to the public.
In Germany, it is a custom to play the national anthem (for Bayerischer Rundfunk and stations owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media, the "Bayernhymne" was also played beforehand) and the European Union anthem.
In the United States, it is common for a brief news reel to be broadcast over the station's logo, often accompanied by public service and missing and most wanted persons announcements.
Historical.
In a number of countries closedowns formerly took place during the daytime as well as overnight.
In the United Kingdom this was initially due to government-imposed restrictions on daytime broadcasting hours, and later, due to budgetary constraints.
The eventual relaxation of these rules meant that afternoon closedowns ceased permanently on the ITV network in October 1972, but the BBC maintained the practice until Friday 24 October 1986, before commencing a full daytime service on the following Monday.
Afternoon closedowns continued in South Korea until December 2005.
Hong Kong's broadcasting networks (particularly the English-speaking channels) also practiced this until mid-2008.
Medium-wave AM.
A few powerful regional clear-channel stations have an extensive secondary coverage area which is protected by having smaller local co-channel stations in distant communities sign off shortly before sunset.
A frequency on which a broadcaster has to drastically reduce power or sign off entirely at sunset was traditionally the least desirable assignment, which would usually go to small or new-entrant stations when all of the more favourable slots were already allocated.
Religious.
India.
During religious holidays or occasions, Doordarshan and Akashvani will broadcast a prayer of any religion through the day, a week or a month (e.g.
During Ramadan, a reading from the Quran, a Muslim quote, or a call for Azan and Fajr prayer will be broadcast.
During Lent, a Christian prayer, a hymn or a psalm will be broadcast).
Malaysia.
During Ramadan, Malaysian public broadcaster RTM operated TV1 24 hours a day instead of signing off.
In 2012, TV1 broadcast 24 hours a day during the London Olympics in 2012, due to the time difference.
This would become permanent in August 2012, to coincide with their sister channel TV2 by showing reruns from the broadcaster's archive library and movies on early mornings before start-up.
Philippines.
During the Holy Week in the Philippines that occurs anywhere between the last week of March to the third week of April (depending on the Roman Catholic liturgical calendar), terrestrial television and radio stations continue their regular broadcast schedules from Palm Sunday until Holy Wednesday.
From the midnight of Holy Thursday until the early hours of Easter Sunday (before 4 AM PHT on most commercial broadcasters), most non-religious television and radio networks either remain off-the-air for the duration of the timeframe or truncate their broadcasting hours.
Special programming featured also includes Lenten drama specials, religious-themed programming and news coverage of various services and rites.
Catholic Media Network member stations also follow the latter pattern, broadcasting Easter Triduum services and other similar programming.
Indonesia.
History.
When the latter's song "Somebody's Been Sleeping in My Bed" became a hit, radio stations also began playing the tune "She's Not Just Another Woman".
HDH wanted to release the song as another single but did not want to hurt the sales of "Somebody's Been Sleeping in My Bed", so they released "She's Not Just Another Woman" on Invictus Records under the name 8th Day in 1971.
The song, written by Clyde Wilson (a member of 100 Proof who performed under the name of Steve Mancha) and Ronald Dunbar and produced by HDH, became a hit, peaking at No. 11 in the U.S. "Billboard" chart.
The record sold over a million copies and received a gold disc from the Recording Industry Association of America on September 15, 1971.
A second song released under the 8th Day name, "You've Got to Crawl (Before You Walk)", also hit the charts later that year, and so HDH put together an actual group under the name, but their later recordings did not sell nearly as well as the first two, and the group quickly fizzled after a few more minor hits.
Discography.
Albums.
Morafeno is a town and commune () in northern Madagascar.
It belongs to the district of Sambava, which is a part of Sava Region.
It is located at the Fanambana River.
The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available in town.
 is a junction railway station in the city of Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines.
It is also the official terminal station of the Agatsuma Line and 55.3 kilometers from the opposing terminus at , although almost all trains continue past Shibukawa to terminate at Takasaki Station.
It is also a freight depot for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).
Station layout.
The station has a single side platform and a single island platform connected to the station building by an underground passage.
The station has a "Midori no Madoguchi" ticket office.
Long-distance buses leave for Tokyo, Osaka, and other destinations.
A taxi stand is by the main entrance.
History.
Shibukawa Station opened on 1 July 1921.
Upon the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, it came under the control of JR East.
Passenger statistics.
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 3263 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
The 2019 Laver Cup was the third edition of the Laver Cup, a men's tennis tournament between teams from Europe and the rest of the world.
It was held on indoor hard courts at the Palexpo in Geneva, Switzerland from 20 until 22 September.
Player selection.
On 13 December 2018, Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal were the first players to confirm their participation for Team Europe.
During the 2019 Madrid Open, Stan Wawrinka expressed interest in participating in the event with Federer, but he instead played at the St. Petersburg Open in Russia.
On 14 June 2019, Dominic Thiem, Alexander Zverev and Fabio Fognini announced their participation for Team Europe.
On 3 July 2019, Kevin Anderson, John Isner, Milos Raonic and Denis Shapovalov were announced for Team World.
Stefanos Tsitsipas and Nick Kyrgios were both confirmed for the event on 13 August 2019.
As his final picks, Team World captain John McEnroe chose Jack Sock and Taylor Fritz, with Fritz replacing the injured Anderson.
Prize money.
Matches.
Each match win on day 1 was worth one point, on day 2 two points, and on day 3 three points.
The first team to 13 points won.
Since four matches are played each day, there were a total of 24 points available.
Thomas Francis Brzoza (born August 29, 1956) is a former American football player.
He played college football at the center and guard positions for the University of Pittsburgh from 1974 to 1977.
He was a consensus first-team center on the 1977 College Football All-America Team.
"Happy Birthday" is a song by American power pop band the Click Five.
OMOTENASHI (Outstanding MOon exploration TEchnologies demonstrated by NAno Semi-Hard Impactor) was a small spacecraft and semi-hard lander of the 6U CubeSat format intended to demonstrate low-cost technology to land and explore the lunar surface.
The CubeSat was to take measurements of the radiation environment near the Moon as well as on the lunar surface.
Omotenashi is a Japanese word for "welcome" or "Hospitality".
OMOTENASHI was one of ten CubeSats launched with the Artemis 1 mission into a heliocentric orbit in cislunar space on the maiden flight of the Space Launch System (SLS), that took place on 16 November 2022.
After deployment from the Artemis I second stage, JAXA reported unstable communications with the spacecraft.
On 21 November 2022, a Twitter message sent by JAXA reported that further attempts to communicate with the lander, which was scheduled to begin its landing sequences that day, had been ended.
Overview.
The OMOTENASHI mission was to land the smallest lunar lander up to then on the lunar surface to demonstrate the feasibility of the hardware for distributed synergistic exploration system with multi-point exploration.
Once on the lunar surface, the OMOTENASHI lander was planned to observe the radiation environment of the lunar surface.
The OMOTENASHI orbiter and lander were designed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
The principal investigator was Tatsuaki Hashimoto from JAXA.
The spacecraft featured two body-fixed solar panels and lithium ion batteries.
After measuring the radiation environment as it approached the Moon, OMOTENASHI's lander module was planned to perform a semi-hard landing on the lunar surface.
Flight.
JAXA announced that OMOTENASHI had successfully separated from the ICPS interstage around 90 minutes after launch.
However, as of November 17, 2022, the spacecraft had yet to achieve Sun acquisition, and communication was unstable.
JAXA continued operations to "stabilise attitude, secure power and establish communication," but after failing to restore operations, they abandoned recovery attempts on November 22.
Reports indicate that the loss was due to failure of the solar cells to point toward the Sun.
They will not be facing towards the Sun until March 2023.The team is considering recovery operations if they are able to reestablish contact with the spacecraft.
Payload.
The lander's scientific payload consisted of a radiation monitor and an accelerometer.
Propulsion and landing.
OMOTENASHI was to use a cold gas thruster to enter a lunar-impact orbit, and a solid rocket motor for the landing phase.
The entry and landing phases would have been informed by the use of an X-band two-way Doppler radar.
 Paul Thompson is an Australian broadcasting executive.
Career.
He has launched, acquired, developed and managed broadcasting stations and networks throughout Australia in a career which started in 1965.
He is credited with building two distinct national radio broadcasting networks from inception.
Having established Adelaide's first commercial FM radio station "Double S A FM" in the 1980s (later known as SAFM), he was responsible for setting up the Austereo Radio Network (now known as Southern Cross Austereo), which he guided as CEO for 15 years.
In 1996, dmg Radio Australia was launched with Thompson as CEO.
Thompson was one of two inaugural inductees in the Commercial Radio Australia "Hall of Fame" in 2002 and is regarded as the 'father' of FM broadcasting in particular in Australia.
It is healthier for an organisation for the founder to leave too early than stay too late.
The transition from radio broadcasting to multi-platform delivery and the launch of digital radio combine to create a natural watershed.
Although Louis XIV's direct descendants retained the throne, his brother Philippe's descendants flourished until the end of the French monarchy.
History.
Background.
The elder of these branches consisted of Prince Gaston, Duke of Anjou, younger son of king Henry IV, and the four daughters of his two marriages.
At court, Gaston was known as "Le Grand Monsieur" ("The Big Milord"), and Philippe was called "Le Petit Monsieur" ("The Little Milord") while both princes were alive.
Creation.
Before then, Philippe had been styled as the Duke of Anjou, like Prince Gaston.
He was to maintain a high position at court till his death in 1701.
Their surviving son, Philippe II served as the regent of France for the young Louis XV.
As a "fils de France", Philippe's surname was "de France".
The first two dukes, as son and patrilineal grandson, respectively, of a French king, were entitled to be addressed as Royal Highness.
But Philippe I was primarily known as "Monsieur", the style reserved at the French court for the king's eldest brother.
"Prince du sang".
This combined household, though not fully functional until 1723, contained almost 250 members including officers, courtiers, footmen, gardeners, and even barbers.
The Regency.
On the death of Louis XIV in September 1715, the new king, Louis XV, was only five years old.
The regent ruled France from his family residence in Paris, the Palais-Royal.
He installed the young Louis XV in the Palais du Louvre which was opposite the Palais-Royal.
In January 1723 Louis XV gained his majority and began to govern the country on his own.
Nonetheless, since his rank by birth (as a great-grandson of a French king) was "prince du sang", that of "premier prince du sang" constituted a higher style, of which he and his descendants henceforth made use.
Under Louis XV.
Although still in his twenties when widowed, he did not remarry after his wife's death, and is not known to have ever taken a mistress.
Louis XVI.
The duchesse de Chartres had a dowry of six million livres, , and an annual allowance of over 500,000 livres, .
His wife outlived him by almost thirty years.
They were both buried in the "Chapelle royale de Dreux".
French Revolution.
He went so far as to vote for the execution of his cousin, King Louis XVI, an act which earned him popularity among the revolutionaries, and the undying hostility of many French monarchists.
He remained in prison until October, the beginning of the Reign of Terror.
He was shortlisted for a trial on 3 October, and effectively tried and guillotined in the space of one day, on the orders of Maximilien Robespierre.
His brother, the duc de Montpensier, would die in England, and his sister fled to Switzerland after being imprisoned for a while.
The youngest brother, Louis-Charles, Count of Beaujolais, was thrown into a prison in the south of France (Fort-Saint-Jean in Marseille) in 1793, but later escaped to the United States.
He too died in exile.
The family's properties and titles were returned to them by Louis XVIII.
July Monarchy.
Louis Philippe ruled as a constitutional monarch, and as such was called King of the French, rather than "of France".
His reign lasted until the Revolution of 1848, when he abdicated and fled to England.
Legitimist monarchists however continued to uphold the rights of the elder line of Bourbons, who came close to regaining the throne after the fall of the Second Empire.
In the early 1870s, a majority of deputies in the National Assembly were monarchists, as was the nation's president, MacMahon.
But the refusal of the last male of Louis XIV's direct line, the comte de Chambord, to accept the tricolore as France's flag under a restored monarchy proved an insurmountable obstacle to his candidacy.
Louis-Philippe and his family lived in England until his death in Claremont, Surrey.
In 1883, the comte de Chambord died without children.
Heads of the House.
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Contemporary family.
The current head of the house is Jean, Count of Paris (born 1965), who is a claimant to the French throne as John IV.
For Legitimists, his pretense is due to being the heir of Henri, comte de Chambord, and so of Charles X of France.
He received the title "Comte de Clermont".
Five children were born from this union, before the marriage ended in divorce.
Jean, Count of Paris, is now the head of the house.
Wealth and finances.
Appanages.
Residences.
Philippe I and his wife had to spend most of their time at the royal court of his brother Louis XIV.
Their private home, given to them by the king, was the Palais Royal, Paris.
Later he replaced it with a new baroque building, including vast gardens on the Seine River.
He also had a number of smaller rural properties.
The apartments looked over the "Parterres du Midi" of the south and were directly under the "Grand Appartement de la reine".
These looked out onto the "Parterres du Midi" of the south.
The family also had apartments where the modern day "Galerie des batailles" are.
The apartments of the family were later moved to the bottom floor of the north wing, opposite the Chapelle Royal de Versailles, this time looking over the "Parterres du Midi" of the north.
The family remained there till the French Revolution.
Inheritances.
Having 11 children and divorcing his wife, he decided, in 1974, to transfer the most important family assets to a family foundation, "Fondation Saint-Louis", in order to save them from future inheritance distribution and taxes.
He sold further property, resulting in legal action by his sons, and still died heavily in debt.
Cadet branches.
In the Affair of the Spanish Marriages, Louis Philippe arranged for the marriage of his youngest son, Antoine, Duke of Montpensier, to Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain, younger sister of Isabella II of Spain.
The British wanted a prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha for the Spanish princess, and claimed that her future children with Montpensier would not be able to succeed to the French throne, due to the Treaty of Utrecht, wherein Montpensier's ancestor the Duke of Orleans renounced his rights to succeed to the Spanish throne for himself and his descendants.
Louis Philippe opposed this interpretation and claimed that the only purpose of the Treaty of Utrecht was to keep France and Spain separate.
However, the marriage of Isabella II produced many children.
Montpensier funded the rebels, which helped to overthrow the government of his sister-in-law.
However, the Cortes elected Amadeo of Savoy instead of him.
Montpensier was later reconciled to the restored Bourbons, and his daughter married Alfonso XII of Spain, son of Isabella II.
Hideki Kato, better known under the stage name Crack Fierce, is a Japanese noise musician.
He started Crack Fierce in the spring of 1996, and also runs the label United Syndicate.
He has also built effects units.
Discography.
The 2008 Formula D season (officially titled Castrol Syntec Power Cup) was the fifth season for the Formula D series.
The series began April 12, 2008 and concluded on October 11.
The highest scoring drivers of the series were invited to a non-point scoring All-Star event to compete with other drivers from other series all over the world on November 16, 2008.
Championship standings.
Seaspray is a small coastal town in Victoria, Australia, in the Gippsland region of the state.
The town is located alongside the Ninety Mile Beach about off the South Gippsland Highway in the Shire of Wellington, east of the state capital, Melbourne.
At the , Seaspray had a population of 322.
Seaspray's main recreational features and tourism attractions focus around swimming, surfing and other watersports, as well as fishing on the Ninety Mile Beach.
There is also fishing in the creek, walks, tennis, picnic and playground facilities, and regular markets.
Especially in winter, southern right whales may provide onlookers chances to witness them cavorting close to shores.
The town is home to a Surf Life Saving Club and hosts annual Surf Life Saving Carnivals.
This first stage of the rebuild included better operational control facilities, a first-aid centre, equipment storage, and a social function area with views across the town and beach.
Future stages of the work will include a patrol tower, extensive outside decking to expand the function area, and greater storage facilities.
History.
In 1943, 7 people were injured at Seaspray Beach after a wire attached to an RAAF plane failed to retract.
Founded by a group of librarians and library educators, the society's express purpose is to recognize and encourage "superior academic achievement" among library and information studies students.
Beta Phi Mu now has 39 active chapters in the U.S. and abroad, continues to sponsor various publications and funds several scholarships.
The society's name comes from the initials in the Greek phrase "Bibliothekarios philax mathesis", meaning "the librarian is the guardian of knowledge".
Motto and insignia.
A dolphin and anchor, the mark of Venetian printer Aldus Manutius, serves as the society's insignia, appearing on various pins, buttons, and similar memorabilia.
The society's colors, as signified on honor cords, are purple and white.
Membership.
Eligibility for membership in Beta Phi Mu is by invitation of the faculty from an ALA-accredited professional degree program.
Beta Phi Mu Award.
The Beta Phi Mu Award is an annual award to a library school faculty member or to an individual for distinguished service to education for librarianship.
Onslow County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 204,576.
Its county seat is Jacksonville.
The county was created in 1734 as Onslow Precinct and gained county status in 1739.
Onslow County comprises the Jacksonville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The southern border is the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
History.
European, mainly English, settlers arrived here in 1713 in what was originally part of the colonial precincts of Carteret and New Hanover.
Onslow County was formed in 1734 and was named for Arthur Onslow, the longest serving speaker of the House of Commons.
Through much of the first half of the 20th century, the county was largely rural, with an economy based on agrarian and maritime communities.
During World War II, Onslow County was dramatically changed in the early 1940s with the establishment of the United States Army Camp Davis near Holly Ridge (now defunct), and the creation of Camp Lejeune in 1941.
This increased county population and generated related growth in housing and businesses.
Onslow County's flat, rolling terrain covers and is located in the southeastern coastal plain of North Carolina, about east of Raleigh and north of Wilmington.
The city of Jacksonville is the county seat, and the areas surrounding the city constitute the major population centers and growth areas in the county.
The county is home to more than 200,000 people and includes the incorporated towns of Holly Ridge, Richlands, Swansboro, North Topsail Beach, part of Surf City and unincorporated Sneads Ferry.
Geography.
It is bordered by Jones County, Carteret County, Pender County, and Duplin County.
Wildlife.
The New River and its vicinity is sometimes inhabited by bald eagles, dolphins, and cownose rays.
Demographics. 2020 census.
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 204,576 people, 63,604 households, and 46,202 families residing in the county. 2000 census.
As of the census of 2000, 150,355 people, 48,122 households, and 36,572 families resided in the county.
The population density was .
The 55,726 housing units averaged .
The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.09.
The median age was 25 years.
For every 100 females, there were 123.20 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.30 males.
Government and politics.
Onslow is a typical "Solid South" county in its voting patterns.
Except for the 1928 election, when anti-Catholic sentiment allowed Herbert Hoover to carry the county over Al Smith, it was solidly Democratic until 1968, during the FDR years by margins of as much as 13 to one in 1936.
However, the 1960s onwards had Onslow turn to George Wallace in 1968 and then overwhelmingly to Richard Nixon over George McGovern in 1972.
Onslow County is a member of the regional Eastern Carolina Council of Governments.
The structure of local government in Onslow County was changed in 2016 to have seven commissioners in 2018 board of commissioners, all elected at-large for four-year terms.
In contrast to electing members from districts, this structure means that candidates are elected by the majority population in the county, which gives a more accurate view of the entire electorate.
On November 8, 2016, citizens voted in favor to alter the number of commissioners from five commissioners with concurrent terms to seven with staggered terms.
In 2018, citizens elected two more county commissioners in the general election on November 6, 2018, to four-year terms.
The citizens of the county will elect five commissioners in 2020, but the four candidates who receive the highest number of votes in the general election of 2020 will receive a four-year term and the candidate who receives the fifth-highest number of votes in the general election of 2020 to a two-year term.
Thereafter, all county commissioners would be elected to serve four-year terms.
The board establishes policies and ordinances implemented by the county manager and his staff.
Commissioners are Jack Bright (chair), Royce Bennett (vice chair), Paul Buchanan, Robin Knapp, Mark Price, Tim Foster, and William Shanahan.
In the North Carolina Senate, Onslow County is located in the 6th Senate District, which is represented by Republican Harry Brown.
In the North Carolina House of Representatives, Onslow County is split into three House districts with the 14th and 15th House Districts completely in Onslow County and the 16th House District in part of Onslow County and all of neighboring Pender County.
The 16th District is represented by Republican Jimmy Dixon, the 14th District is represented by Republican George Cleveland, and the 15th District is represented by Republican Phil Shepard.
The main law enforcement agency for Onslow County is the County Sheriff's Department.
The elected sheriff is Hans Miller.
Education.
Onslow County Schools serves the county, except for Camp Lejeune and Marine Corps Air Station New River, which are served by Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools.
Communities.
Townships.
Alexander Sasha Krivtsov, (born June 6, 1967) is a Russian bassist, best known as the bass player for the house band on the TV reality shows ', ' and "The Voice".
He has played with singer-songwriter Vanessa Carlton.
Before immigrating to the United States, Krivtsov was a band member of the number one rock band in the Soviet Union, Zemlyane, with whom he frequently performed before crowds of more than 10,000 fans and sold 20 million records.
Now living in Los Angeles with his wife and two children, Krivtsov is also an accomplished visual artist and sculptor.
Krivtsov is currently the bass player on NBC's "The Voice" (US) and has held that position since the show's first season.
Chinnaravula Pally is a village in Nalgonda district in Telangana, India.
Anorus arizonicus is a species of soft-bodied plant beetle in the family Dascillidae.
The red, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1967 using plans drawn up by the architect Trond Dancke.
The church seats about 50 people.
It is scored for SATB soloists and choir, violin I and II, 3 trombones "colla parte", and basso continuo.
It is thought that this mass was performed in the University of Salzburg's Kollegienkirche to open a forty-hour vigil.
As a Lenten mass, it is likely that the "Gloria" could not have been performed on this occasion, and would have been composed for subsequent use.
This is Mozart's shortest setting of the Order of Mass, and his only missa brevis set in a minor key.
Acanthoscelides longistilus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae.
Biography.
Born in Liverpool, he was educated at St Edward's College (then the Catholic Institute of Liverpool).
His business career saw him acting as a partner in various Liverpool-based firms of cotton brokers.
He was also chairman of Combined Egyptian Mills Ltd, based in Howe Bridge, near Wigan.
Military career.
In 1896, he was promoted to lieutenant in the 1st Volunteer Battalion, King's (Liverpool) Regiment, and in 1900 to captain.
The 1st Volunteer Battalion became the 5th Battalion on the establishment of the Territorial Force in 1908.
Shute transferred to the 5th with many of his colleagues.
He served in the unit during the First World War, reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel and being awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), the Territorial Decoration (TD) and in the 1918 King's Birthday Honours he was made a Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (CMG) for his military services.
He remained in the TA after the war, being promoted to colonel in 1923.
He retired in 1930.
Political career.
He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Exchange at a by-election in 1933 following the death of the Conservative MP Sir James Reynolds.
Shute was re-elected in 1935, and held the seat until his narrow defeat at the 1945 general election by the Labour Party candidate Bessie Braddock.
Honours.
In 1921, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant for the County Palatine of Lancaster.
He was knighted in the New Year Honours, 1935, "for political, public and social services in Lancashire, particularly in Liverpool".
Logan Craig Gillaspie (born April 17, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB).
He made his MLB debut in 2022.
Amateur career.
Gillaspie attended Frontier High School in Bakersfield, California, from 2011 to 2015.
He was selected to play for the Oakland Athletics in the 2014 Area Code Games.
He attended Oxnard College from 2015 to 2017, where he played college baseball as a pitcher alongside catching and playing third base.
Professional career.
Independent Leagues.
Gillaspie was not drafted out of Oxnard College in 2017 and joined the Monterey Amberjacks in the Pecos League, and from there was moved up to the Salina Stockade in the American Association of Professional Baseball.
After being released, he was signed by the Sonoma Stompers in the Pacific Association.
In January 2018, Gillaspie played in the California Winter League and from there was signed by the United Shore Professional Baseball League to play for the Diamond Hoppers.
Milwaukee Brewers.
On July 13, 2018, the Milwaukee Brewers signed Gillaspie to a minor league contract.
Gillaspie played with the Rookie-level Arizona League Brewers and the Rookie-level Helena Brewers of the Pioneer League with whom he posted a 3.26 ERA over innings.
Gillaspie was named a Midwest League All-Star with the Timber Rattlers.
On September 11, 2019, Gillaspie was released by the Brewers organization.
He did not play a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Baltimore Orioles.
On June 9, 2021, Gillaspie signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles organization.
He was selected to play in the Arizona Fall League for the Mesa Solar Sox after the season.
On November 19, 2021, the Orioles selected Gillaspie's contract and added him to their 40-man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft.
He returned to Bowie to open the 2022 season.
After six appearances with Bowie in 2022, he was promoted to the Norfolk Tides of the Triple-A International League.
On May 17, 2022 the Orioles promoted Gillaspie to the major leagues for the first time.
He was an official of the Communist Party for several years before joining the Democratic Party as a district leader.
Early life.
Albert was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to a middle-class Litvak family.
He graduated from Johns Hopkins University and then furthered his education by acquiring a master's degree from Yale, studying at the Sorbonne, and receiving a doctorate from the University of Vienna.
While studying in Vienna he became attracted to the Vienna circle of Logical Positivists, founded by the German philosopher Moritz Schlick.
Professional life.
There are only two distinctions of statements that have any meaning to logical positivists.
The first involves necessary truths of logic, mathematics, and ordinary language.
The second involves empirical propositions about the world around us that were not necessary truths, instead they are regarded as true with greater or lesser probability.
In addition to being a student and professor of philosophy, Albert Blumberg also fought for economic and social reforms.
In the year 1933 he joined the Maryland Communist Party where he served for four years as the chair of the Agitprop Committee.
Political activism.
In 1937 Blumberg resigned his faculty position at Johns Hopkins, publicly announced his party membership, and took on the created position of district administrative secretary for the Communist Party.
Blumberg also ran for public office on several occasions, for example, Communist candidate for Mayor of Baltimore City, 1939.
As well Blumberg was several times under suspicion by various governmental organizations for communist activities, becoming one of the first convicted under a provision of the 1940 Smith Act.
During his senior years Blumberg remained politically active, although not in the communist party.
He enjoyed somewhat more success as the Democratic Party district leader in Manhattan.
Jeanne Betancourt (born October 2, 1941, in Vermont) is an American author and television script writer best known for her "Pony Pals" series of books.
Biography.
Betancourt was born and raised in rural Vermont.
During her childhood, she never considered being an author.
Instead, she wanted to dance, and studied tap dance.
When she grew too tall (at five feet, eight inches) to be a Rockette, she decided to become a religious sister in her junior year of high school.
After graduating high school, she moved to Rutland, Vermont, where she entered the Sisters of St. Joseph, a teaching order of sisters.
She earned a Bachelor of Science in 1964 from the College of St. Joseph the Provider and a Master of Arts degree in film from New York University in 1974.
"Women in Focus", her first published work, focuses on her master's degree project.
Betancourt left the Sisters of Saint Joseph and moved to New York City, where she taught public high school.
She married and had a daughter, Nicole.
She wrote her first children's book, "SMILE!
How to cope with braces", in 1982 when her daughter Nicole had braces, and soon became a full-time author.
She later divorced.
She currently lives either on the top floor of a sixteen-story building near the American Museum of Natural History in New York City or in her home in Connecticut.
In her free time she draws, oil paints, gardens, and reads.
Awards.
In television, Betancourt has garnered the National Psychological Award for Excellence in the Media, two Humanitas Awards, and six Emmy Award nominations.
The twenty-fifth edition of the Caribbean Series ("Serie del Caribe") was played in .
The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice.
The games were played at Estadio Universitario in Caracas, Venezuela.
Bowie Kuhn, the Commissioner of Major League Baseball, attended the Series, and the first pitch was thrown by Oscar Prieto, Leones del Caracas majority owner and one of the series brainchild.
Summary.
The Puerto Rico team was piloted by Ron Clark.
After being mauled by the Dominicans in the opening, 17-2, Arecibo crushed the Mexicans 9-1 and defeated Venezuela, 7-6, in 11 innings.
Later, a solid effort came from Kevin Hagen and Rich Bordi, both pitching complete games, to beat Mexico and the Dominican Republic.
By beating Venezuela and Mexico in their last two games, the Lobos ended with a 5-1 mark en route to winning one of the most celebrated victories in Puerto Rican baseball history.
Outfielder Glenn Walker was selected as Most Valuable Player and was chosen for the All-Star Team along Candy Maldonado and Dickie Thon.
Venezuela, managed by Ozzie Virgil, finished in second place with a 4-2 record and also had the only shutout in the Series, by Rick Anderson, who limited the Mexicans to five hits while striking out nine.
Second baseman Derrel Thomas paced the Tiburones offense, hitting .476 (10-for-21) to win the batting title and slugged .714.
Other contributions came from right fielder Tony Armas (.269 BA, 3 HR, 6 RBI, .654 SLG), first baseman Ron Jackson (.360, 2 HR, 6 RBI, .680 SLG) and reliever Luis Aponte (1-0, one save, six SO in 6.0 innings of work).
The Dominican Republic, guided by Manny Mota, finished 3-3 and had to settle for a modest third place.
But the opportune hitting and strong defense were undermined by below average running speed and poor bullpen support.
Theres Obrecht (born 10 January 1944) is a Swiss alpine skier.
Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by Better Than Ezra.
Jeff Borland is an Australian academic and labour economist.
He is currently the Truby Williams Professor of Economics at the University of Melbourne.
He received the 2020 Distinguished Fellow Award from the Economic Society of Australia.
He regularly appears in the Australian media on the topic of economics and public policy, and has published research papers on the Australian labour market, among others.
Education.
Borland completed a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts at the University of Melbourne, and a PhD in economics from Yale University.
Club career.
Over the course of the next 15 years, his career took him to Germany, China and all over Brazil.
In Germany, he is best known for the ten-match ban that he received after punching an opponent in a match, which caused his club Werder Bremen to cancel his contract.
He won the Campeonato Carioca twice in two stints with Flamengo in 1991 and 2004, as well as the Copa do Brasil and the Campeonato Brasileiro.
International career.
Nolan "Nonie" Williams (born May 22, 1998) is an American former professional baseball shortstop.
Williams was home-schooled, but took one class at Turner High School in Kansas City, Kansas, in order to be eligible to play baseball for their team, where he was Kansas Class 5A Player of the Year in 2015.
He reclassified to the college class of 2016 and accepted a baseball scholarship from Louisiana State University.
After the Los Angeles Angels selected him in the third round of the 2016 Major League Baseball draft, using the 96th overall pick, he signed with the Angels for an above-slot bonus and began his professional career.
Before the start of the 2017 season, MLB.com prospect analyst Jonathan Mayo ranked Williams as the 13th-best prospect in the Angels' farm system.
He was released on June 5, 2020.
Meike de Bruijn (born 15 April 1970 in Amsterdam) is a road cyclist from Netherlands.
She represented her nation at the 1995 UCI Road World Championships and 1997 UCI Road World Championships in the women's time trial.
In 1995 she won a stage in the French stage race Laines-aux-Bois.
The Barna Group is an evangelical Christian polling firm based in Ventura, California.
History.
Barna Research Group was founded by George and Nancy Barna in 1984 and restructured in 2004 to become the Barna Group.
The Barna Group was sold in September 2009.
Overview.
For the first seven years of its existence, the Barna Group provided research services for the Disney Channel, work that provided enough cash flow to allow the company to gradually expand its services to the Evangelical Christian community.
Other clients have included the American Broadcasting Company, Visa, and the military.
In 1991, the company cut ties with Disney to concentrate its resources on a campaign to transform the church.
The term "notional Christians" seems to have been created by the Barna Group for the purposes of gathering statistics.
(A large majority of these individuals believe they will have eternal life, but not because of a grace-based relationship with Jesus Christ.)"
Books.
The Barna Group has released more than 400 books.
Criticism.
The Barna Group has also been criticized by some in the "born again" movement for devaluing the meaning of the "new birth".
It goes to church on Sunday and has a veneer of religion, but its religion is basically an add-on to the same way of life the world lives, not a transforming power.
It appears to be appallingly right.
I am not saying that the church is not as worldly as they say it is.
I am saying that the writers of the New Testament think in exactly the opposite direction about being born again.
Instead of moving from a profession of faith, to the label born again, to the worldliness of these so-called born again people, to the conclusion that the new birth does not radically change people, the New Testament moves in the other direction.
Klareboderne is a street in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The Gyldendal publishing house is based in the Gyldendal House at No.
3.
History.
The street name refers to St. Clare's Monastery which was established at the eastern end of the street in 1493.
The name is known from at least 1518 when a document mentions "Albritt van Gocks bod her, som nu kallis Clare bodher" ("Albritt van Gock's houses which are now called Clar'e houses".
No.
The building was designed by Emil Blichfeldt and completed in 1895.
Gyldendal, Denmark's largest publishing house, is based at No.
3.
No 8, 10, 14 and 16 which also date from the 1730, and No. 18 from 1780 are also listed.
Cultural references.
Viewpoint is a British police procedural drama thriller television miniseries created by Harry Bradbeer and Ed Whitmore and starring Noel Clarke and Alexandra Roach.
Produced by Tiger Aspect Productions, it aired on ITV nightly from 26 April 2021, with the final episode premiering exclusively on ITV Hub and STV Player.
Premise.
"Viewpoint" follows a tense police surveillance investigation into a tight-knit Manchester community and explores whether it is ever possible to observe the lives of others with true objectivity and zero effect.
Surveillance detective DC Martin Young (Noel Clarke) sets up his observation post in the home of single mum and secret voyeur Zoe Sterling (Alexandra Roach).
Production and release.
ITV commissioned "Viewpoint" in January 2020.
The show was set to begin filming in the Spring of 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Principal photography eventually began in August 2020 and was ITV's first drama series to begin shooting after the lockdowns which halted production.
Filming took place at Space Studios in the city of Manchester and in other locations around the city, and finished in November 2020.
"Viewpoint" aired on ITV at 9pm across the final week of April 2021.
Broadcast of Episode 5.
Prior to the fourth episode's broadcast on 29 April, "The Guardian" reported that Clarke was the subject of allegations of sexual harassment and intimidation by 20 women, which he denied.
Although the episode aired as planned, the finale of "Viewpoint" was pulled from its intended broadcast on 30 April, and was replaced by a new episode of "It'll Be Alright on the Night".
The final episode was instead released onto ITV's on-demand platform, ITV Hub (and STV Player), alongside previous episodes, for 48 hours.
The episodes were streamed without advertisements.
Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church is a Catholic Church in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Located in the Sweet Auburn neighborhood, the church was established as a mission in 1912 and is a contributing property of the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park.
History.
The church was established in November 1912 by Ignatius Lissner of the Society of African Missions with funding from Katharine Drexel, who had founded the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament (SBS).
The church was located in Sweet Auburn, an African American neighborhood in Atlanta, and shared a high degree of ecumenism with several Protestant churches in the neighborhood.
The church, originally known as Our Lady of Lourdes Colored Mission, was built as a three-story combination church and school, and Lissner served as its first priest.
At the time, it was the second Catholic mission intended to serve African Americans in Georgia and the first in Atlanta.
The church is located on the same block as the birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr., who as a child would often play on the parish grounds.
During the civil rights movement, many church members protested for increased civil rights.
The Synagogue Council of America was an American Jewish organization of synagogue and rabbinical associations, founded in 1926.
The Council was the umbrella body bridging the three primary religious movements within Judaism in the United States.
Rabbi Haskel Lookstein of the Orthodox Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun served as the organization's final president lamented the lack of "people who are really interested in maintaining the organization."
Steven Bayme considers that the Council's collapse was symbolic of the general Orthodox drift to the right, and raised serious questions of how orthodoxy can cooperate with the broader Jewish community in areas of external protection, support for Israel and Jewish continuity.
The records of the organization are stored with the American Jewish Historical Society at the Center for Jewish History (CJH) in New York, which also maintains a history of the organization.
The North American Boards of Rabbis was formed in 1999, as part of an effort at interdenominational cohesiveness in the Jewish community.
The organization would be a parent body for boards of rabbis in individual communities, with its first president being Orthodox Rabbi Marc Schneier, who was then serving as president of the New York Board of Rabbis.
The Synagogue Council of America (SCA) was founded in 1926 by the congregational and rabbinical organizations of the major Jewish religious movements of American Jewry.
The presidents and officers, rabbis, rotated among the three movements.
Later, the position of a lay chairman of the Board of Governors, appointed by the synagogal bodies, was established.
The original declaration of principles provided that the SCA seek those common concerns shared by all six constituent bodies.
Since consensus was necessary for any action, position, and statement, the SCA did not address internal religious conflicts, often embroiling the Jewish religious community.
It is apparent that over the many decades, great care and discipline was exercised by SCA leadership to determine the agenda in a way which avoided confrontations which would lead to the casting of a veto by one constituent because of a particular ideological or theological position.
There was criticism of this arrangement by those who thought the purpose of the SCA was to adjudicate or at least reconcile the religious differences which were dividing the Jewish community.
There have been other efforts to bring individual Conservative, Orthodox and Reform Jews together to address in their collectivity internal Jewish religious issues of faith and practice.
Closing.
There was a diminution of interest in support and participation as the UOJCA, the US, and the UAHC increasingly wanted to establish their own denominational presence in interfaith exchanges and social action work with the very agencies the SCA related to in their names as well.
Increasing religious divisions in Israel contributed to increased tensions among the denominations of American Jewry, making cooperation and consensus even more difficult to achieve within the Synagogue Council.
The constituent bodies became increasingly driven by internal agendas, overcoming the historic commitment of each to achieve the consensus indispensable to preserving the organization and its program.
Bibliography.
It was published in Berlin in 1893.
It has been called "the one great book ever written about the history of ornament."
His primary intention was to argue that it was possible to write a continuous history of ornament.
This position is argued in explicit opposition to that of the "technical-materialist" school, according to which "all art forms were always the direct products of materials and techniques" and that ornamental "motifs originated spontaneously throughout the world at a number of different locations."
Accordingly, he argued for a continuous development of ornament from ancient Egyptian through Greek and Roman and up to early Islamic and, eventually, Ottoman art.
Contents.
The "Stilfragen" is divided into an introduction, which sets out the purpose of the work, and four chapters, each on a theme in the history of artistic style.
The first chapter, "The Geometric Style," argues that geometric ornament originated, not from such technical processes as wickerwork and weaving, but rather from an "immanent artistic drive, alert and restless for action, that human beings possessed long before they invented woven protective coverings for their bodies."
He supported this position through an analysis of geometric ornament in Stone Age European art, in particular objects that had recently been discovered in the Dordogne.
This ornament, he argued, developed from attempts to represent natural forms in two dimensions, which gave rise to the idea of an outline.
After this "invention of line," the cave-dwellers proceeded to arrange lines "according to the principles of rhythm and symmetry."
The second chapter, "The Heraldic Style," addresses compositions of "paired animals arranged symmetrically to either side of an intervening central element."
This type of decoration had been associated by previous scholars, most notably Ernst Curtius, with the technical demands of silk-weaving.
Riegl argued instead that heraldic ornament arose before the invention of mechanical weaving-looms, and stemmed from a desire for symmetry.
The third chapter, "The Introduction of Vegetal Ornament and the Development of the Ornamental Tendril," traces an unbroken evolution of vegetal ornament from ancient Egyptian through to late Roman art.
Here Riegl argues that motifs such as the lotus flower, although they may originally have been endowed by the Egyptians with symbolic significance, were adopted by other cultures that "no longer understood their hieratic meaning," and thereby became purely decorative.
In the most famous section of this chapter, Riegl argued that acanthus ornament was not derived from the acanthus plant, as had been believed since the time of Vitruvius, but was rather a sculptural adaptation of the palmette motif.
It was therefore "a product of pure artistic invention," and not of "a simple compulsion to make direct copies of living organisms."
The fourth chapter, "The Arabesque," continues the development of the previous chapter through late antique and early Byzantine and into Islamic art.
The arabesque is understood here as a geometricized version of earlier systems of tendril ornament, thereby establishing a "genetic relationship between the ornamental Islamic tendril and its direct predecessor, the tendril ornament of antiquity."
The final two chapters are therefore presented as a continuous history of vegetal ornament from ancient Egypt through to Ottoman Turkey, in which individual motifs develop according to purely artistic criteria, and not through the intervention of technical or mimetic concerns.
In the introduction it is suggested that this development could be continued to Riegl's own time, and that "ornament experiences the same continuous, coherent development that prevails in the art of all periods."
Significance.
The "Stilfragen" remains a fundamental work in the history of ornament, and has heavily influenced the work of Paul Jacobsthal and Ernst Gombrich, among others who have addressed the same themes.
Within Riegl's work as a whole, the "Stilfragen" constitutes his earliest general statement of principles, although his "theoretical thinking had not by any means reached maturity."
Luo Li (born 1976) is a Chinese gymnast.
Luo competed at the 1994 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, winning a gold medal in uneven bars.
At those Championships, she received the highest score of the competition, a 9.912, on her way to the gold medal.
Eponymous skill.
The Cross-National Equivalent File (CNEF) contains data from general population household-based panel surveys fielded in Australia, Canada, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Korea, Russia, Switzerland and the United States.
Each of these countries fields a longitudinal survey of households and their inhabitants.
All of the surveys follow the set of people living in the set of households surveyed initially.
With the exception of the Japan Household Panel Study, all of the surveys also follow the members of the original households, labeled as "original sample members" when they move away and form new households.
Almost all of the surveys also follow people who joined a household of an "original sample member" (through marriage or cohabitation).
Researchers at institutions in each country collaborate with CNEF to harmonize a subset of the data from each survey.
The harmonized data get used, individually or as a set, by researchers who compare social and economic outcomes over time and across countries.
Researchers exploit a cross-national design to understand whether differences in observed outcomes can be explained by differences in policies, social, and economic situations one observes across countries.
The lesser kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis) is a medium-sized bushland antelope, found in East Africa.
It is placed in the genus "Tragelaphus" and family Bovidae.
It was first scientifically described by the English zoologist Edward Blyth in 1869.
The head-and-body length is typically .
Males reach about at the shoulder, while females reach .
Males typically weigh and females .
The females and juveniles have a reddish-brown coat, while the males become yellowish grey or darker after the age of 2 years.
Horns are present only on males.
The spiral horns are long, and have two to two-and-a-half twists.
A pure browser, the lesser kudu feeds on foliage from bushes and trees (shoots, twigs) and herbs.
The lesser kudu is mainly active at night and during the dawn, and seeks shelter in dense thickets just after the sunrise.
The lesser kudu exhibits no territorial behaviour, and fights are rare.
While females are gregarious, adult males prefer being solitary.
The lesser kudu inhabits dry bushland regions.
The lesser kudu is native to Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, but it is possibly extirpated from Djibouti.
It may have been present in Saudi Arabia and Yemen as recently as 1967, though its presence in the Arabian Peninsula is still controversial.
The total population of the lesser kudu has been estimated to be nearly 118,000, with a decreasing trend in populations.
One-third of the populations survive in protected areas.
Presently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature rates the lesser kudu as "near threatened".
Taxonomy and genetics.
The scientific name of the lesser kudu is "Tragelaphus imberbis".
The animal is classified under the genus "Tragelaphus" in family Bovidae.
It was first described by the English zoologist Edward Blyth in 1869.
The generic name, "Tragelaphus", derives from Greek word "tragos", meaning a male goat, and "elaphos", which means a deer, while the specific name "imberbis" comes from the Latin term meaning unbearded, referring to this kudu's lack of mane.
The vernacular name kudu (or koodoo) may have originated from the Khoikhoi "kudu", or via the Afrikaans "koedoe".
The term "lesser" denotes the smaller size of this antelope as compared to the greater kudu.
In 1912, the genus "Ammelaphus" was established for just the lesser kudu by American zoologist Edmund Heller, the type species being "A. strepsiceros".
The lesser kudu is now typically placed in "Tragelaphus".
However, a 2011 publication by Colin Groves and Peter Grubb argues for the lesser kudu's renewed placement in the genus "Ammelaphus" on the grounds that this species is part of the earliest-diverging lineage of its tribe, having split from the main lineage before it separated into "Tragelaphus" and "Taurotragus".
In 2005, Sandi Willows-Munro (of the University of KwaZulu-Natal) and colleagues carried out a mitochondrial analysis of the nine "Tragelaphus" species. mtDNA and nDNA data were compared.
The results showed that the tribe Tragelaphini is monophyletic with the lesser kudu basal in the phylogeny, followed by the nyala ("T. angasii").
On the basis of mitochondrial data, the lesser kudu separated from its sister clade around 13.7 million years ago.
However, the nuclear data show that lesser kudu and nyala form a clade, and collectively separated from the sister clade 13.8 million years ago.
The lesser kudu has 38 diploid chromosomes.
However, unlike others in the subfamily Tragelaphinae, the X chromosome and Y chromosome are compound and each is fused with one of two identical autosomes.
Physical description.
The lesser kudu is a spiral-horned antelope.
The head-and-body length is typically between .
Males reach about at the shoulder, while females reach .
Males typically weigh and females .
The bushy tail is long, white underneath and with a black tip at the end.
Distinct signs of sexual dimorphism are seen in the antelope.
The male is considerably larger than the female.
The females, as well as juveniles, have a rufous coat, whereas the males become yellowish grey or darker after the age of 2 years.
The male has a prominent black crest of hair on the neck, but this feature is not well-developed in the female.
The chest has a central black stripe, and no throat beard is present.
A black stripe runs from each eye to the nose and a white one from each eye to the centre of the dark face.
A chevron is present between the eyes.
The area around the lips is white, the throat has white patches, and two white spots appear on each side of the lower jaw.
The underparts are completely white, while the slender legs are tawny and have black and white patches.
The lesser kudu is characterised by large, rounded ears.
Its tracks are similar to the greater kudu's.
Females have four teats.
The average lifespan is 10 years in the wild, and 15 years in captivity.
Horns are present only on males.
The spiral horns are long, and have two to two-and-a-half twists.
The base circumference is .
The slender horns are dark brown and tipped with white.
Male young begin developing horns after 6-8 months, which reach full length after 3 years.
Ecology and behaviour.
The lesser kudu is mainly active at night and during the dawn, and seeks shelter in dense thickets just after the sunrise.
It can camouflage so well in such dense vegetation that only its ears and tail can indicate its presence.
The midday is spent in rest and rumination in shaded areas.
The animal spends about equal time foraging, standing and lying, and roaming.
As a thin tragelaphine, the lesser kudu can move readily through dense vegetation with ease.
The lesser kudu is a shy and wary animal.
When alarmed, the animal stands motionless.
If it senses any approaching predator, it gives out a short sharp bark, similar to the bushbuck's, then makes multiple leaps up to high with an upraised tail.
If captured by the predator, the victim gives a loud bleat.
Lesser kudus are gregarious in nature, especially females.
While fighting, the lesser kudus interlock horns and try pushing one another.
Mutual grooming is hardly observed.
Unlike most tragelaphines, females can be closely associated for several years.
One to three females, along with their offspring, may form a group.
Juvenile males leave their mothers when aged a year and a half, and may form pairs.
However, at the age of 4-5 years, males prefer a solitary lifestyle and avoid one another, though four or five bulls may share the same home range.
Lesser kudu do not usually associate with other animals, except when they feed in the same area.
Diet.
A pure browser, the lesser kudu feeds on foliage from bushes and trees (shoots, twigs) and herbs.
It also eats flowers and fruits if available, and takes small proportions of grasses, usually in the wet season.
Fruits are consumed mainly in the dry season.
Olfactory searching, much in the same posture as grazing, is used to find fallen fruits (such as "Melia volkensii" and "Acacia tortilis"), while small fruits (such as "Commiphora" species) are directly plucked from trees.
The size and structure of its stomach also suggests its primary dependence on browse.
The lesser kudu browses primarily at dusk or dawn, or nocturnally, and is sometimes associated with gerenuk and the impala.
The lesser kudu and the gerenuk might compete for evergreen species in the dry season.
However, unlike the gerenuk, the lesser kudu rarely prefers "Acacia" species and does not stand on its hindlegs while feeding.
The lesser kudu does not have a great requirement for water, and can browse in arid environments.
It eats succulent plants, such as the wild sisal, "Sansevieria", and "Euphorbia" species in the dry season, and drinks water when sources are available.
Reproduction.
Both the males and females become sexually mature by the time they are a year and a half old.
However, males actually mate after the age of four to five years.
With no fixed breeding season, births may occur at any time of the year.
A rutting male tests the urine of any female he encounters, to which the female responds by urinating.
Having located a female in estrus, the male follows her closely, trying to rub his cheek on her rump, head, neck, and chest.
He performs gasping movements with his lips.
Finally, the male mounts the female, resting his head and neck on her back, in a similar way as other tragelaphines.
The gestational period is 7-8 months, after which a single calf is born.
A female about to give birth isolates herself from her group, and remains alone for some days afterward.
The newborn calf weighs .
The herd size, sex, interbreeding, and season did not play any role in juvenile mortality.
The mother hides her calf while she goes out to feed, and returns mainly in the evening to suckle her young.
She checks the calf's identity by sniffing its rump or neck.
In the first month, suckling may occur for 8 minutes.
The mother and calf communicate with low bleats.
She licks her offspring, particularly in the perineal region, and may consume its excreta.
Habitat and distribution.
The lesser kudu inhabits dry bushland regions.
It is closely associated with "Acacia" and "Commiphora" thornbush in semiarid areas of northeastern Africa.
The animal avoids open areas and long grass, preferring shaded areas with short grasses instead.
While individual home ranges of these animals are in size, those of males have an average size of and those of females .
The lesser kudu is native to Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, but it is extinct in Djibouti.
Largely confined to the Horn of Africa today, the species historically ranged from Awash (Ethiopia) southward through southern and eastern Ethiopia, and most parts of Somalia (except the north and the northeast) and Kenya (except the southwest).
It also occurred in southeastern Sudan and northeastern and eastern parts of Uganda and Tanzania.
Evidence for its existence in the Arabian peninsula includes a set of horns obtained in 1967 from an individual shot in South Yemen and another in Saudi Arabia, as well as a recent analysis of early and middle Holocene rock art sites in Jubbah and Shuwaymis, Ha'il province, Saudi Arabia.
Threats and conservation.
The lesser kudu's shyness and its ability to camouflage itself in dense cover has protected it from the risks of poaching.
For instance, the lesser kudu is widespread in the Ogaden region, which is rich in dense bush, despite reckless hunting by local people.
Overgrazing, human settlement, and loss of habitat are some other threats to the survival of the lesser kudu.
The total population of the lesser kudu has been estimated to be nearly 118,000, with a decreasing trend in populations.
Presently, the IUCN rates the lesser kudu as "near threatened".
Mecistocephalus glabridorsalis is a species of centipede in the Mecistocephalidae family.
It was described in 1900 by Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems.
Distribution.
"Someone to Love" is a song by English actor and singer Sean Maguire, released as his first single in 1994.
A banana plantation is a commercial agricultural facility found in tropical climates where bananas are grown.
Geographic distribution.
The four leading banana export countries worldwide are Ecuador, Costa Rica, Philippines, and Colombia.
In 2004, banana producing countries totaled 130.
Production, as well as exports and imports of bananas, are nonetheless concentrated in a few equatorial countries.
India, Ecuador, Brazil and China produced half of total bananas.
Latin American and Caribbean countries led banana production up to the 1980s, and Asian nations took the lead in banana production during the 1990s.
African production levels have remained mostly unchanged.
Elements.
Banana plantations, as well as growing the fruit, may also package, process, and ship their product directly from the plantation to worldwide markets.
Depending on the scope of the operation, a plantation's size may vary from a small family farm operation to a corporate facility encompassing large tracts of land, multiple physical plants, and many employees.
Production-related activities on a plantation may include cultivating and harvesting the fruit, transporting the picked bunches to a packing shed, hanging to ripen in large bunches, dividing large bunches into smaller market-friendly bunches, sorting, labeling, washing, drying, packing, boxing, storing, refrigeration, shipping, and marketing.
Depending on the scope of the operation, other activities may include drying, food preparation, tourism, and market research.
Soil.
The key element in soil type for successful banana plant growth is good drainage.
Alluvial soils of river valleys are ideal for banana growing.
Bananas prefer an acid soil.
Physical plant.
Cultivation techniques specific to the type of banana produced may dictate the specific physical plant makeup.
The ravages of Panama Disease in that particular cultivar may cause a shift in variety selection, subsequently causing a major change in the physical plant structure of banana plantations.
Economy.
Banana growing is a significant economic engine in many banana-exporting countries because it is labor-intensive, delivers a relatively quick return on effort and investment, provides a weekly income year round, and the crop recovers quickly from hurricanes and other natural disasters.
Farming techniques.
An intensive agricultural technique which requires clearing most if not all native vegetation from tracts of land, then densely planting and fertilizing the crop may produce the highest yield of fruit per acre, but it is viewed by environmental scientists as a technique which involves a history of high risk for damage to the local environment, and health risk to the agricultural workers.
Sustainable farming.
Producing goods without depleting an ecosystem's natural resources is a key goal of sustainable banana farming.
The further goals of farm profitability and prosperous farming communities address free market viability issues which might threaten the viability of the business, rendering the ecological sustainability efforts moot.
Because of the lower per-acre crop yield and higher wage cost intrinsic to this type of farming, profitability is addressed by the introduction of a price premium charged for the product at market.
Such premiums are readily paid by a segment of the consumer market which places a value on the benefits of sustainable farming.
Organic farming.
According to the United Nations, "no information is available regarding how many hectares are currently under conversion or how many producers are planning to convert to organic production methods."
However major banana producers in 2008 indicated they were responding to demands for organic bananas with new facilities tailored to that market.
Fair Trade farming.
Some consumers are willing to pay a premium price for a product, including bananas, if the means of production are consistent with the philosophies of Fair Trade.
The United Nations has published a description of fair trade banana production which states, "for banana producers this means they obtain a price which covers the cost of production and an additional price premium to be invested in social, environmental or quality improvements."
Banana farming in flood prone areas.
Sand deposition from flood makes soil unsuitable for growing other food crops due to very low nutrient availability, low water holding capacity and poor physical attributes.
Thus more time and effort is required to completely restore the land into its original state after the sand deposition.
As a result, farmers face difficulties to go back to normalcy and sustain their life.
There are various strategies developed so far to revitalize flood degraded soil.
Method of establishing banana orchard in flood deposited sandy soil.
Banana can be grown in variety of soil.
However, while planting in flood prone area and sand deposited soil, regular management practice should be slightly amended.
If it is fully submerged for more than two days, plant can eventually die.
Therefore tall variety plants with deep root system should be planted in such areas.
In Nepal, people usually grow malbhog variety of banana in the areas which are prone to annual flood but are not inundate for longer than three days.
Malbhog variety grows up to the height of 5 m and root goes down to more than 1 m deep into the soil.
Production is quiet lower compared to hybrid varieties but fetch good market price because of its taste.
II.
Suckers are lateral shoot that develops from the rhizome near the mother plant and are categorically of two types, sword sucker and water sucker.
Generally, sword suckers are preferred over water suckers as the plant developed from water suckers are weak and take longer to bear fruits.
Sword suckers can be easily distinguished because of its well developed base with narrow sword shaped blades at the early stages.
Two to four months old suckers from healthy and high yielding mother plant should be selected for propagation.
III.
A total of 2 x 3 m spacing should be maintained between the plants.
IV.
For good harvest, crop management strategy should be contextualized based on the soil type, topography, climate and availability and affordability of inputs.
Social aspects.
Certain aboriginal clanships benefited from early development of intensive banana cultivation by expanding previously territorial land views into concepts of cooperative inter-clan trading relationships.
Labor conditions.
Labor conditions in the banana industry have historically drawn attention both in criticism of the traditionally poor industry working conditions, and more recently in attempts by labor advocacy groups and some producers to improve labor conditions.
Workers on banana plantations in Central America have been exposed to pesticides which have been found to cause various health conditions including sterility.
Banana industry advocates maintain that exposure levels were too low to produce health issues, but juries in the United States found Dole Food Company guilty of specific cases of worker sterility related to pesticide exposure in the late 1970s.
One successful lawsuit presented evidence that Dole continued to use the pesticide DBCP on banana plantations in Nicaragua after the agent was found by the manufacturer to cause health problems and was banned in California in 1977.
Financial liability in the case was later stricken because of international jurisdiction issues, however the finding of culpability by the jury was left intact.
Child labor on banana plantations has also historically been a heated labor issue Labor unions, UNICEF, and others have resisted the use of child labor as young as 8 on banana plantations, and have won concessions in some countries such as Ecuador, which instituted a minimum worker age of 15 years.
Porter Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Montgomery County, Texas, United States.
The population was 1,903 at the 2020 census.
Geography.
Porter Heights is located at (30.150324, -95.317496).
Demographics.
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,903 people, 420 households, and 373 families residing in the CDP.
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,490 people, 562 households, and 423 families residing in the CDP.
The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.37.
The median age was 38.0 years.
For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.
Transportation.
Farm to Market Road 1314 forms the northeastern boundary of the CDP.
To the southeast, its terminus is Porter.
To the northwest, its terminus is located inside Conroe.
It is also known as Conroe Porter Road.
FM 1314 also connects Porter Heights to the Grand Parkway, which is the outermost beltway around Houston.
A small general aviation airfield called North Houston Airport lies within the CDP.
Education.
Some areas of Porter Heights are zoned to the New Caney Independent School District.
Some areas of Porter Heights are zoned to the Conroe Independent School District.
Residents of the New Caney ISD section are zoned to Crippen Elementary School, White Oak Middle School, and Porter High School.
Before the opening of Porter High School in 2010, students attended New Caney High School.
Sixth graders previously attended the New Caney 6th Grade Campus.
Residents of the Conroe ISD section are zoned to San Jacinto Elementary School, Grangerland Intermediate School, Moorhead Junior High School, and Caney Creek High School.
How Far Will You Go? is a Canadian English language documentary television series.
How Far Will You Go?
The series was also available in the United States on the pay channel here!
Premise.
"How Far Will You Go?" is a documentary television series that follows a group of gay men who have entered a local modelling competition in Vancouver, British Columbia called Vancouver's Next Gay Top Model.
He earned B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees in physics, all at Rice University.
He studied nuclear reactions in the 1960s, which helped show how chemical elements are created.
He chaired the Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy at Caltech from 1998 to 2008.
Tariq Ahmed Issa (born 2 September 1997) is an English footballer who plays as a forward for Needham Market.
Issa joined Colchester United's Academy at the age of 12 from Trinity Football Club based in Southend-on-Sea.
He made his professional debut for the club in 2016.
In August 2018, he joined Needham Market on loan.
He was released by Colchester in July 2020.
Issa rejoined Needham on a permanent basis in 2021.
Career.
Issa joined the Colchester United Academy at the age of 12 from Trinity Football Club in Southend-on-Sea.
He broke into Colchester's under-18 side while still an under-16 player, and was the first Colchester Academy player to come through the educational system associated with Thurstable School in Tiptree.
He and teammate Cameron James signed four-year contracts with the club in July 2015, before agreeing a new four-year deal in July 2016.
On 30 August 2018, Issa signed for Southern League Premier Division Central side Needham Market on loan until January 2019.
However, in October 2019 it was reported he had suffered a knee injury that would require surgery.
Issa was one of 16 players to be released by Colchester United in summer 2020.
Hassan Ugail (born September 24, 1970) is a Maldivian mathematician and computer scientist.
He is a professor of visual computing at the Faculty of Engineering and Informatics at the University of Bradford.
Research Interests.
Ugail's research interests are in the area of Visual Computing, including 3D geometric design, 3D imaging, computer-based simulations, and machine learning.
His work in these areas has contributed to the development of new methods and techniques in the field of visual computing, particularly in the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning for biometric identification and healthcare applications.
Ugail is particularly known for his work on computer-based human face analysis including, face recognition, face ageing, emotion analysis and lie detection.
For example, in 2018, he has used his face recognition tools to help unmask the two suspected Russian spies at the heart of the Salisbury Novichok poisoning case.
Additionally, in 2020, Ugail collaborated with the BBC News investigators to uncover an alleged Nazi war criminal, who settled in the UK, who could have worked for the British intelligence during the Cold War.
Early life.
Hassan Ugail was born in Hithadhoo, Maldives.
He completed his primary education at Nooranee School in Hithadhoo.
His early education laid the foundation for his interest in mathematics and computer science, which would later become his field of expertise.
Education.
In 1992, he received a British Council scholarship to continue his studies in the UK.
This opportunity allowed him to pursue his passion for mathematics and computer science at a higher level.
Academic life.
Ugail received a B.Sc. degree with First Class Honours in Mathematics in 1995 and a PGCE in 1996, both from King's College London.
He was awarded his PhD by the Department of Applied Mathematics at University of Leeds in the year 2000.
His doctoral research focused on the design, analysis, and optimisation in an interactive environment, contributing to the field of visual computing.
Career.
After completing his PhD, Ugail worked as a post-doctoral research fellow at the Department of Applied Mathematics at University of Leeds until September 2002.
He then joined the School of Informatics, University of Bradford, as a lecturer in September 2002.
He was appointed as a Senior Lecturer in April 2005.
Ugail became a professor in 2009.
Throughout his career, he has been involved in various research projects and has contributed significantly to the field of visual computing.
Research.
Ugail's research has been focused on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the field of visual computing.
His work on computer-based human face analysis has been utilized in the area of biometrics and applications in healthcare.
His research has led to the development of new methods and techniques in these areas.
Awards and Recognition.
In 2010, Ugail received the 'Vice-Chancellor's Excellence in Knowledge Transfer Award' from the University of Bradford.
This award recognises his contributions to the field of visual computing and his efforts in knowledge transfer.
In 2011, Ugail received the Maldives National Award for Innovation.
This award recognises his innovative work in the field of visual computing.
Life.
Craik grew up in Kennoway, where his father was the schoolmaster of a church-run school.
From 1820 he joined his brothers at the University of St Andrews and did well at literature, language, philosophy, and religious studies.
In July 1826 he was invited to become the family tutor for Anthony Norris Groves in Exeter where he spent the next two years.
He left their employ to return to Edinburgh on 3 May 1828, but a few weeks later he returned to Exeter, to become the tutor to the two sons of John Synge, formerly of Glanmore Castle in Ireland but then living at Buckridge House, near Teignmouth.
The two became lifelong friends.
On 30 March 1832, Craik accepted an invitation from Mr A Chapman to take over the pastorate of Gideon Chapel in Newfoundland Street, Bristol.
As well as the Gideon Chapel, they also led the Bethesda Chapel (neither building remains, having been destroyed during the Second World War), and led many to faith in Jesus Christ.
Family.
In 1831 Craik married Mary Anderson.
She died on 1 February 1832 from consumption, and he remarried on 30 October 1832, to Sarah Howland.
It is not clear how many children they had.
After his first son, Henry William (born on 18 January 1834), an unnamed daughter is recorded in his diary as being born in 1836 and dying on 18 February 1837.
Another son, George, was born on 29 August 1840 but he died on 28 June 1841.
Mary Eliza was born on 30 April 1842 but died on 11 November 1843.
Another girl was born on 4 August 1847 but his diary intimates that she died in December 1848.
However, no mention of this is made in W Elfe Tayler's book.
Tayler also writes that, whilst dying from stomach cancer, Craik was cared for by his wife and daughter.
Another son, also named George, was born on 20 December 1849 and another unnamed boy on 17 September 1853.
Born in Whitwell, Tennessee, Layne was one of many major leaguers who saw his baseball career interrupted by a stint in the army during World War II.
Signed by the legendary pitcher Joe Engel to play for the Senators organization, Layne played for the Chattanooga Lookouts before being called up to the big team in September 1941.
After being discharged from military service, he played in parts of the 1944 and 1945 seasons.
In a three-season career, Layne was a .264 hitter (75-for-284) with one home run and 28 RBI in 107 games, including 37 runs, nine doubles, four triples, three stolen bases, and a .321 on-base percentage.
Following his majors career, Layne led the Pacific Coast League hitters in 1947 with a .367 average.
In 1,796 minor league games, he hit .335 with 83 home runs and 953 RBI.
He later scouted for the Texas Rangers.
In 1987, he was inducted into the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame.
Layne died January 12, 2010, of a heart attack suffered two days earlier.
The Australia national beach handball team are the national team of Australia.
It is governed by the Australian Handball Federation and takes part in international beach handball competitions.
The Australian teams of both Women and Men were present to all world championships and world games since 2010.
Both teams are currently preparing for the 2016 world championships in Budapest (Hungary) during July 2016.
The qualifier Oceania took place in Gold Coast at the end of February 2016.
Both the Women and Men team have won the Oceania Qualifiers and won a spot in the 2016 World Cup.
Results.
The Wulpura were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.
Their language, Kuku Waldja, has been listed as a dialect of Kuku Yalanji, but there does not appear to be any data available.
Country.
According to Norman Tindale, the Wulpara controlled about of territory.
They lived in the rainforested main range that lies west of Mount Romeo and Boolbun, and around the headwaters of the Daintree River on the Mount Windsor tableland.
People.
According to one informant, the Wulpura were a people of relatively diminutive stature, on an average about 5 feet tall and weighing around 100 pounds.
They engaged in an annual walkabout that would take them from South Mossman, via Julatten, and the Carbine River as far as the Daintree River, and before returning to their point of departure.
Paris Anthony Sadonis (born May 6, 1972) is a Los Angeles-based keyboardist, painter, performance artist and musician.
History.
Best known for his work alongside Rozz Williams, Eva Ortiz and Jill Emery with deathrock band Shadow Project.
A multi-instrumentalist, he performed and recorded with Christian Death Featuring Rozz Williams "The Path Of Sorrows" (1993) and "The Rage Of Angels" (1994) as well as Rozz Williams solo material "Every King a Bastard Son" (1992) and "The Whorse's Mouth" (1996).
With The Eva O Halo Experience - "Demons Fall For an Angels Kiss" (1994) he composed using a variety of instruments including keyboards, piano and organ.
Paris went on to found the EXPerimental band EXP in 1992 with Ryan Wildstar, Doriandra Smith, Rozz Williams and Ace Farren Ford.
EXP is perhaps the most incestuous band in the Family featuring Rozz Williams, with a wide variety of members, ex-members, collaborators and guest musicians.
The entity has one self-titled, full-length release, and also a limited edition handmade 7 inch single.
Also collaborating with Premature Ejaculation and elaborating upon boundary-pushing performance art, he is featured on the album "Wound of Exit" (1998), The group's themes remained avant-garde throughout this time, focusing on the bizarre and taboo.
Paris also contributed to Erik Christides Bloodflag - Stain (Mk I) (1998 - Daughters of Darkness).
He toured with Gitane Demone following his work with Penal Colony's "5 Man Job" Tour alongside EXP collaborator Justin Bennett, who around that time started to get into a lot of experimental noise, branching out from EXP to put out an all ambient noise album with Paris under the name "Face" (A Picture Of End - 1997).
They released one self-titled album on Tone Casualties Records in 1998.
Gravehill Paris Witch was a side project featuring Jyrki and Marko from Two Witches and Paris (EXP, Rozz William's Christian Death).
Musically, leaning towards Cold Meat Industry reminiscent urban dark ambient soundscapes.
"Arte Astratta" was released in limited edition in Finland (2006).
Foxfairy is a live electronic project formed by Paris Sadonis and Justin Rickles in Los Angeles during 2011.
Manang Air Pvt.
Ltd. () is a helicopter airline based in Kathmandu, Nepal and was founded in 1997 and has been operating helicopters in commercial air transportation within the Nepalese territory under the Regulation of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.
The company provides chartered services and is focused on personalized services such as adventure flights helicopter excursions or expedition work.
It is the only Approved Training Organization in Nepal.
History.
The airline started operations with a single Mil Mi-17 helicopter in 1997.
It resumed its flights in 2014 after three years, after the company had stopped its service in 2009 after its MI-17 helicopter was involved in an accident.
Fleet.
Glory Entertainment (also known as The Association of Tehran Young Voice Actors) () is an Iranian institute specializing in dubbing movies and primarily animated films and cartoons for the Persian-speaking audience.
The association began operating officially on December 6, 2005, after acquiring official license and permit from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance with the goal of entrepreneurship, rendering high-quality content, improving the quality of Iran's dubbing system using state-of-the-art technology and meeting universal criteria in the field.
Glory Entertainment has recruited over 380 voice actors and has launched 10 digital recording studios.
The association increased its range of activities since by dubbing works commissioned by the IRIB, local home-video companies, directors, local and foreign animation producers, the UN and Radio Javan.
The association has received different awards from IRIB TV5, the 16th Festival of the Capital Cities of Iran's Provinces' TV-Radio Products and the UN - WFP.
Notable works dubbed by the association include the works of Walt Disney, Pixar, DreamWorks and studios alike.
The association's further activities include publishing the first dubbing periodical called The Dubbing in Iran which provided information on the topic.
The association is now publishing the first professional dubbing magazine called Sedapisheh.
History.
And won certficate of appreciation From IRIB 5 channel and letter of commendation from United Nations (World Food Project).
Other activities.
From Association of Tehran Young Voice Actors other works, is releasing Dubbing specialized publication with name dubbing.
Also this association released voice actor publication since March 2012.
Box Mine () is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, near the village of Box in Wiltshire, England, notified in 1991.
The site forms part of the Bath and Bradford-on-Avon Bats Special Area of Conservation.
Site description.
The Mine consists of a network of tunnels, which originate from Bath stone mining work, initially started during the Roman occupation of Britain.
Several entrances to the mine system are present in wooded quarries.
Biological interest.
The site's chief biological interest lies in its roosting bats.
Although the site is used year-round, it is mainly a site used for hibernation, breeding, and post-breeding dispersal.
The riding consists of the eastern part of Richmond, British Columbia and the western part of Richmond south of Steveston Highway, including Steveston.
It came into effect upon the call of the 2015 Canadian federal election, scheduled for October 2015.
This church numbers roughly 150,000 faithful in 31 congregations and is the largest Eastern Orthodox church in Estonia.
The primate of the church was Cornelius (Jakobs), Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia, from 1992 to his death in 2018.
Since 2018 the head of this church is Metropolitan Eugene (Reshetnikov).
The EAOC's primate is confirmed by the Orthodox Church of Constantinople and numbers about 20,000 faithful in 60 congregations today.
The reactivation of this autonomous Estonian Orthodox Church caused the Russian Orthodox Church to sever full communion with the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1996 for several months.
History.
Orthodox missionaries from Novgorod and Pskov were active among the Estonians in the southeast regions of the area, closest to Pskov, in the 10th through 12th centuries.
As a result of the Northern Crusades in the beginning of the 13th century, Estonia fell under the control of Western Christianity.
However, Russian merchants were later able to set up small Orthodox congregations in several Estonian towns.
One such congregation was expelled from the town of Dorpat (Tartu) by the Germans in 1472, who martyred their priest, Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on January 8).Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many Old Believers fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon of Moscow.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the Imperial Russian Empire, having been conquered by the emperor Peter the Great.
A significant number of Estonian peasants were converted to the Orthodox faith in the (unfulfilled) hope of obtaining land, and numerous Eastern Orthodox churches were built.
In 1850 the Diocese of Riga (in Latvia) was established by the Russian Orthodox Church and many Estonian Orthodox believers were included.
In the late 19th century, a wave of Russification was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by the local Estonian clergy.
In 1917 the first Estonian, Platon (Paul Kulbusch), was ordained Bishop of Riga and Vicar of Tallinn.
After the Estonian Republic was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. Tikhon, in 1920 recognised the Orthodox Church of Estonia (OCE) as being independent.
Archbishop Aleksander Paulus was elected and ordained as the head of the Estonian church.
Soon after, the Estonian church lost contact with Moscow due to the intense religious persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church by the new Leninist regime.
In September 1922 the Council of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church took the decision to address the Patriarch of Constantinople, Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople, with a petition to adopt the Estonian Orthodox Church under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and to declare it autocephalous.
Later on the Metropolitan of Tallinn and all Estonia Alexander wrote that it was done under an intense pressure of the state.
On 7 July 1923 in Constantinople Meletios Metaxakis presented the Tomos on the adoption of Estonian Orthodox Church under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople as a separate church autonomy "Estonian Orthodox Metropolia".
At the suggestion of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, Estonia was divided into three dioceses, Tallinn, Narva and Pechery.
Evsevy (Drozdov) became the head of Narva cathedra.
John (Bulin), a graduate of St. Petersburg Theological Academy, became Bishop of Pechery in 1926.
He headed the diocese until 1932 and left it because of the disagreements on the properties of the Pskov-Pechery Monastery.
Bishop John spent several years in Yugoslavia and came back to Estonia in the late 1930s.
He actively backed the return of the Estonian Orthodox Church to the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate.
On 18 October 1940, Bishop John was arrested by the NKVD in Pechery, accused of anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda, and was executed on 30 July 1941 in Leningrad.
Before 1941, one fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly Lutheran since the Reformation in the early 16th century when the country was controlled by the Teutonic Order) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchy of Constantinople.
There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church.
There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tartu.
The ancient monastery in Petseri was preserved from the mass church destruction that occurred in Soviet Russia.
Occupation.
In 1940, Estonia became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory.
From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under Constantinople was temporarily revived.
In 1945, a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council.
Orthodox believers in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.
Soon after Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Metropolitan Alexander declared his break-up with Moscow and reunion with the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
Bishop Paul of Narva remained loyal to the Moscow Patriarchate.
During their occupation, the Germans didn't hamper Metropolitan Alexander to lead the life of his parishes and Bishop Paul to be in charge of the Russian diocese in Narva and many other parishes loyal to Russian Orthodox Church.
Not long before the Soviet Army entered Tallinn, Metropolitan Alexander left Estonia, the Synod of Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church addressed Alexy (Simansky), Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod, with a petition to resume the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate.
Just before the Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the primate of the church, Metropolitan Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers.
The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991.
Before he died in 1953, Metr.
Aleksander established his community as an exarchate under Constantinople.
Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were exiled to Siberia.
In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church was organized from Sweden.
Estonian independence.
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who wished to remain under Russian authority and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, with the dispute often taking place along ethnic lines, many Russians having immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation.
Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.
In 1993, the synod of the Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on February 20, 1996, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I renewed the tomos granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow.
On 6 November 2000 Archbishop Cornelius became Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia.
On 19 April 2018 Metropolitan Cornelius reposed.
In 2018 Archbishop Eugene (Reshetnikov), was elected Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia.
He began his role as the Primate of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate on June 17, 2018.
Epipactis leptochila, the narrow-lipped helleborine, is a species of orchid in the genus "Epipactis".
Found in chalk or limestone-based beech and hornbeam woodland in southern England, the orchids are also found with birch and alder trees in Scotland and the north of England.
The narrow-lipped helleborine blooms from early June to mid-August.
"Epipactis leptochila" is also found in parts of northern Europe (away from the coastline) but it is known for its presence in England.
Due to woodland clearing, the orchids are becoming less common.
In both places, vegetation develops on soils that have been built on a limestone substrate.
The species grows in phytocoenoses belonging to the Natura 2000 habitat type 91Y0 - Dacian oak-hornbeam forests.
The Beatniks is a 1960 American crime film in the teensploitation genre directed by Paul Frees.
It was also featured on the movie-mocking program "Mystery Science Theater 3000".
Plot.
Eddy Crane is the leader of a gang that robs small businesses for petty cash.
At one point, his gang accosts the broken-down car of a music business executive, Harry Bayliss.
Afterward Bayliss wishes to call a tow truck, so he goes into the diner where Eddy's gang is celebrating.
Bayliss overhears Eddy singing to the jukebox and offers him a chance to audition for his variety program.
Eddy accepts, passes his audition, and is given a spot on television.
Eddy sings a two-minute song that is apparently stupendously successful, with Bayliss calling Eddy an "overnight sensation" and prophesying an astounding rise to fame, complete with a hit record, "a guest spot on every top show," and eventually culminating with "The Eddy Crane Show."
Atop Eddy's newfound success, he also immediately begins making advances at Bayliss's secretary, Helen Tracy, in preference over his long-suffering girlfriend, Iris.
The specter of Eddy's stardom raises dissension among his gang, who wish either to accompany him unquestionably on his ascent, or to hold him back in their ranks.
Iris is also jealous of Helen, with whom Eddy has been carrying on an affair.
Helen eventually professes her love for Eddy.
But one of Eddy's gang members, Moon, kills a fat barkeep, threatening to drag Eddy down by association.
Moon runs from the police, but is tracked down by Eddy, who delivers him for arrest.
With this he also definitively separates himself from the rest of his gang and from Iris, but also destroys his prospects for a career as a singer with his own arrest.
Production.
The film was shot in 1958 under the title of Sideburns and Sympathy.
In 1958 it was announced the film was to have been produced by Elmer Carl Rhodan Jr. (1922-1959).
In addition to producing teen exploitation films such as "Daddy-O", "The Cool and the Crazy" (both 1958), "The Delinquents" (1957) and "Corn's-A-Poppin"' (1956), Rhodan was the son of the owner of the Midwestern Commonwealth Theatre chain, but died in 1959.
Soundtrack.
Arachis duranensis (syn.
Mae Wang National Park () is located in Chom Thong District, Doi Lo District and Mae Wang District in Chiang Mai Province.
Topography.
Landscape is mostly covered by mountains and forests, the height ranged from to .
Doi Pha Tang is with 1,909 m the highest peak in the park.
This part of the Thanon Thong Chai Range is the origin to tributaries of the Mae Chaem, Mae Wang and Mae Tuen rivers, which flow into the Ping River.
Climate.
The park is generally cool all year round, average temperature is throughout the year.
Winter is from December to February, average temperature is between , lowest average temperature is .
Summer is from March to May.
History.
Cymindis altaica is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae.
The Parish of Essie, New South Wales is a remote civil parish of Evelyn County, New South Wales in far northwest New South Wales, located at , on the border with South Australia.
Geography.
The geography of the Parish is mostly the flat, arid landscape of the Channel Country.
The nearest town is Tibooburra to the north, which is on the Silver City Highway and lies south of the Sturt National Park.
History.
The Parish is on the traditional lands of the Wadigali and to a lesser extent Karenggapa, Aboriginal peoples.
When James Cook claimed New South Wales for Great Britain from Possession Island.
He claimed the territory up to the 141st meridian east making the Parish of Essie on the border of that claim.
Charles Sturt passed to the west of the parish and camped for six months at nearby Preservation Creek, during 1845.
In 1861 the Burke and Wills expedition passed to the east.
They signed to Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss's Almo Sounds label and recorded two albums in the mid-1990s, one of which was released and another that has yet to be released.
History.
The band comprised the brothers Dave and Harry Trumfio, with Harry on drums and Dave producing, singing and playing all of the other instruments.
The brothers had played together in bands since they were at school, and recorded at home.
Trumfio named his synthesizers and electronic gear 'Theodore 9000', which he described as "the third member of our band", and the brothers considered 'T9000' as the name of the band before deciding on the Pulsars.
Dave Trumfio had previously played in Ashtray Boy and the Mekons.
The Pulsars' first release was the "Teenage Nites" EP, on the Sweet Pea label in 1995.
They were then signed to Almo Sounds in a 2.5 million, three-album deal, with their first release for the label being the five-track "Submission to the Master" EP, on which label-boss Alpert contributed trumpet.
The band's self-titled debut album was released on Almo Sounds in 1997, and was described as "an album that's in the moment, behind the times, and looking to the future", with influences from the early 1980s.
However, critic Ritchie Unterberger viewed the band's sound as "considerably more enjoyable and warm" than their 1970s and 1980s influences, describing the album as "pleasant, catchy retro-new wave".
"SPIN"s Eric Weisbard described the album's songs as "amazingly confident, catchy anthems".
The debut album included "Tunnel Song", which was described as "a romantic ballad about the great highway tunnels of America", and "My Pet Robot", a love song to Theodore 9000.
The band was compared with Pixies by Allmusic writer Nitsuh Abebe, and was likened to the Cars and the Cure by "USA Today"'s Edna Gundersen.
The band's live shows included dub interludes.
The band was described as "Chicago's pre-eminent new wave revival band" by the "Chicago Reader", and "profoundly great" by "Trouser Press".
The band split up before their second album was completed, with Dave Trumfio become increasingly busy with production work, but reunited for a one-off performance in 2009 at the Bell House in Brooklyn.
The brothers reportedly had plans to complete the second Pulsars album, and were working again under the name Our Future.
On April 1, 2021, the Pulsars' Twitter and Facebook accounts announced the release of "Lost Transmissions", a 15 track collection of rare and unreleased songs, available for pre-order through Bandcamp.
Squash.
On Chesil Beach is a 2007 novella by the British writer Ian McEwan.
It was selected for the 2007 Booker Prize shortlist.
"The Washington Post" and Pulitzer Prize-winning book critic Jonathan Yardley placed "On Chesil Beach" on his top ten for 2007, praising McEwan's writing and saying that "even when he's in a minor mode, as he is here, he is nothing short of amazing".
Plot summary.
In July 1962, Edward Mayhew, a graduate student of history, and Florence Ponting, a violinist in a string quartet, are spending their honeymoon in a small hotel on the Dorset seashore, at Chesil Beach.
The two are very much in love despite being from drastically different backgrounds.
During the course of an evening, the couple reflect upon their upbringing and future prospects.
Edward is sexually motivated and has a taste for rash behaviour.
Florence is bound by the social code of another era and, perhaps having been sexually abused by her father, is terrified of sexual intimacy.
She tries to mentally prepare herself for the inevitable consummation, but the thought continues to repel her.
Just as the couple are about to have sex for the first time the inexperienced Edward involuntarily ejaculates onto her belly and thighs.
Revolted, Florence runs out of the hotel and onto the beach.
Edward follows and the couple argue, with Florence making it clear that she will never agree to have sex.
Edward accuses her of lying during their marriage vows, and is further angered when Florence suggests that he could sleep with other women to relieve his sexual desires.
The couple separate, and their marriage is annulled for lack of consummation.
Decades later, Edward reviews his subsequent life.
A year after the annulment, ruminating on Florence's suggestion that he could sleep with other women, he realises that he no longer finds it to be insulting, though he remains unwilling to re-connect.
Losing interest in writing history books, he becomes a shop manager.
After his mother's death, he moves back to his childhood home to take care of his ailing father.
He recalls enjoying good relationships with his friends and family, and exploring other romances including a brief marriage with another woman, while acknowledging that he had never loved anyone as much as he loved Florence.
She, meanwhile, has been enjoying critical and commercial success with her string quartet, though Edward does not attend any performance and avoids even reminders of it, unaware that Florence thinks of him after every performance.
Edward chooses not to make contact, preferring to retain his early memories of her.
In his sixties, Edward recalls once again the night that he and Florence separated, wondering what could have been.
He concludes that he and Florence would have enjoyed a loving and happy marriage, that Florence would have been beneficial to his career success, and that with love and patience he might have helped her to open up and enjoy sex.
The novel ends with Edward remembering the sight of Florence walking away along the beach before disappearing from his sight.
Pebbles.
In a BBC Radio 4 interview, McEwan admitted to taking a few pebbles from Chesil Beach and keeping them on his desk while he wrote the novel.
"I was not aware of having committed a crime," he said.
"Chesil Beach is beautiful and I'm delighted to return the shingle to it."
Booker Prize nomination.
In the end, the prize went to "The Gathering".
Film adaptation.
On 17 February 2016, it was announced that Saoirse Ronan, who previously played Briony Tallis in the film adaptation of McEwan's "Atonement", would star in "On Chesil Beach".
On 22 August 2016, Billy Howle was announced to play the role of Edward Mayhew.
Dominic Cooke would be making his film directorial debut.
Colgate-Palmolive Company is an American multinational consumer products company headquartered on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
The company specializes in the production, distribution, and provision of household, health care, personal care, and veterinary products.
History and founding.
In the 1840s, the company began selling individual cakes of soap in uniform weights.
In 1872, he introduced Cashmere Bouquet, a perfumed soap.
In 1873, the company introduced its first Colgate Toothpaste, an aromatic toothpaste sold in jars.
In 1896, the company sold the first toothpaste in a tube, named Colgate Ribbon Dental Cream (invented by dentist Washington Sheffield).
Also in 1896, Colgate hired Martin Ittner and under his direction founded one of the first applied research labs.
By 1908, they initiated mass sales of toothpaste in tubes.
Another of William Colgate's sons, James Boorman Colgate, was a primary trustee of Colgate University (formerly Madison University).
In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the B. J. Johnson Company was making a soap from palm oil and olive oil, the formula of which was developed by Burdett J. Johnson in 1898.
Around the start of the 20th century, Palmolive was the world's best-selling soap.
In June 1928, rumors started that "officials of the Palmolive-Peet Co. are negotiating to purchase the Colgate Co." privately held by the Colgate family.
(Peet Brothers Soap Company of Kansas City merged into Palmolive two years before the Colgate-Palmolive merger) The merger combined the three oldest and largest soap and perfumery companies in the US and was effective July 1, 1928.
The combined company was named the "Colgate Palmolive Peet Company.
The newly combined company had seven US manufacturing facilities as well as factories in 14 foreign countries.
In 1953, the companies became a joint venture, known as the Colgate-Palmolive Company.
George Henry Lesch, president, CEO, and chairman of the board of Colgate-Palmolive in the 1960s and 1970s, transformed the firm into a modern company with major restructuring.
Recent years.
In 2005, Colgate sold the under-performing brands Fab, Dynamo, Arctic Power, ABC, Cold Power and Fresh Start, as well as the license of the Ajax brand for laundry detergents in the US, Canada and Puerto Rico, to Phoenix Brands, LLC as part of its plan to focus on their higher margin oral, personal, and pet care products.
Tom's of Maine was founded by Tom Chappell in 1970.
In 2020, Colgate-Palmolive acquired Hello Products LLC, one of the fastest-growing, premium oral care brands in the United States, for an undisclosed amount.
The company ranked 184th on the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.
In 2021, the company ranked 15th on the list of Most Trusted Brands by Morning Consult.
Educational and community involvement.
In 1890, Madison University in New York State was renamed Colgate University in honor of the Colgate family following decades of financial support and involvement.
The Colgate-Palmolive Company has sponsored a non-profit track meet open to women of all ages called the Colgate Women's Games.
The Colgate Women's Games is the nation's largest amateur track series open to all girls from elementary school through college.
Held at Brooklyn's Pratt Institute, competitors participate in preliminary meets and semi-finals over five weekends throughout January.
Finalists compete for trophies and educational grants-in-aid from Colgate-Palmolive Company at New York City's Madison Square Garden in February.
For more than 20 years, the company supports the Starlight Children Foundation which is a non profit organization dedicated to help seriously ill children and their families.
The mission is to help children to cope with pain, fear and isolation through entertainment, family activities and education.
In addition the Colgate site has all kinds of resources for children including educational tooth brushing songs and animated videos focused on their well known former animated mascot Dr. Rabbit.
Ethics.
In 2011, Colgate-Palmolive was one of the first companies recognized by PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) under the new "working for regulatory change" category for companies that test on animals only when mandated by government regulations and are actively seeking alternatives to animal testing.
This relates to the corporation's decision to continue to participate in the profitable Chinese market, where some animal testing is still a regulatory requirement.
Other companies have chosen to decline entry to this market.
In 2011, the company chose to retain the use of the antibacterial agent triclosan in its market-leading Total toothpaste range, despite withdrawing it from several other product ranges, following concerns about triclosan's impact on health and the environment.
Environmental record.
In 2019, BreakFreeFromPlastic cited Colgate-Palmolive as one of the world's top ten plastic polluters.
Some Products of the Colgate-Palmolive company, specifically "Total" brand toothpaste used to contain triclosan, but no longer do.
Colgate-Palmolive, as a successor to The Mennen Company, is one of about 300 companies held potentially responsible for hazardous waste at the Chemsol federal Superfund site in Piscataway, New Jersey.
Their involvement in this site may have contributed to the contamination of an estimated of soil with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PCBs, and lead off-site.
Colgate-Palmolive received the 2012 Safe-in-Sound Excellence in Hearing Loss Prevention Award.
Corporate governance.
Colgate-Palmolive was named one of the "100 Best Companies for Working Mothers" by "Working Mother" magazine.
The 2012 Human Rights Campaign "report card" on American businesses gave Colgate an A for its support of diversity in the workplace.
Brands.
Colgate now markets a broadly diversified mix of products in the United States and other countries.
Major product areas include household and personal care products, food products, health care and industrial supplies, and sports and leisure time equipment.
Discontinued products and former brands.
Facilities.
In the U.S., the company operates approximately 60 properties, of which 14 are owned.
The primary research center for oral, personal and home care products is located in Piscataway, New Jersey and the primary research center for pet nutrition products is located in Topeka, Kansas.
Overseas, the company operates approximately 280 properties of which 80 are owned in over 70 countries.
Major overseas facilities used by the Oral, Personal and Home Care segment are located in Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Guatemala, India, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, Venezuela, Vietnam and elsewhere throughout the world.
Colgate-Palmolive has closed or is in the process of phasing out production at certain facilities under a restructuring program initiated in 2004 and has built new state-of-the-art plants to produce toothpaste in the U.S., Mexico and Poland.
Colgate-Palmolive's chief manufacturing plant is located in Burlington, New Jersey, producing all of the fragrance and flavor oils for the company's facilities around the world.
Advertising.
The iconic hand on the Palmolive dishwashing soap label belongs to hand model Elizabeth Barbour.
She was a member of the Austrian Federal Council from 2003 to 2013 and has been a member of the National Council since 2013.
Politics.
Diesner-Wais was elected a member of the Schrems municipal council in 1990.
Between 1995 and 2005 she was a city councilor, then again a councilor, and currently again a city councilor.
Diesner-Wais was sworn in as a member of the Federal Council on 24 April 2003 and was secretary of the Federal Council from 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2006.
After the 2013 Austrian legislative election, Diesner-Wais moved from the Federal Council to the National Council.
PICMG 1.2 is a specification by PICMG that standardizes both mechanical and electrical interfaces to support a standard form factor PCI computer system.
It is similar to PICMG 1.0 but removes the ISA bus.
Tagada () is a rural locality (a selo) in Uzdalrosinsky Selsoviet, Khunzakhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia.
Geography.
He appeared in more than 20 films between 1940 and 1961.
This is a list of Spanish words which are believed to have originated from the ancient Iberian language.
Some of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from other languages.
Sherborne is a British full boarding public school located in the town of Sherborne in north-west Dorset.
Founded in 705 AD by Aldhelm and, following the dissolution of the monasteries, re-founded in 1550 by King Edward VI, it is one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom in England.
She was Serbia's Minister of Health from 1994 to 2000 and also briefly served as minister of religious affairs in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Early life and private career.
Politician.
Minister of Health.
In October 1994, she remarked that the easing of international sanctions against Yugoslavia was reducing shortages of medical supplies, saying, "the health institutions in Serbia at present have heating fuel enough for a month or two, and some have sufficient quantities to last them through the winter."
In May 1996, she attempted to avert a threatened strike by announcing a thirty per cent wage increase for health workers.
She later charged that Serbia's drug producers were damaging the sector by refusing to extend credits for longer than 180 days.
She urged longer-term loans, saying that Serbia could turn to international firms if this did not occur.
In October 1996, international medical experts met in Belgrade to announce the creation of the first international teaching centre for (in the terminology that was prevalent at the time) "genital and transsexual surgery."
(From 1992 to 2000, Serbia's electoral law stipulated that one-third of parliamentary mandates would be assigned to candidates from successful lists in numerical order, while the remaining two-thirds would be distributed amongst other candidates on the lists at the discretion of the sponsoring parties.
The SPS alliance won the election, although it fell short of a majority.
The SPS formed a new Serbian administration in February 1998 in coalition with the JUL and the far-right Serbian Radical Party ("Srpska radikalna stranka", SRS).
During the early period of the Kosovo War, she was a part of Serbia's delegation in negotiations with representatives of the Albanian community of Kosovo and Metohija.
(The company disputed this charge).
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
In late February, she ordered all medical facilities in Serbia to prepare for war and to send home those patients who did not require continued hospital treatment.
In April 1999, during the midst of the bombing, she condemned North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) spokesperson Jamie Shea for alleging that Serb forces were forcing ethnic Albanians to provide blood for injured Serbs.
She was quoted as saying, "NATO is not only a monstrous killing machine but also a lying machine."
Later in the same month, she accused NATO of causing a "humanitarian catastrophe" through its bombing activities, causing "killings and serious injuries of civilians, severe destructions of natural environment and deteriorated nutrition of the population."
NATO later stated that the missile was aimed at a nearby military target but went off course.
She later said that medical conditions in Kosovo were falling to disastrous levels, charging that in several jurisdictions Serbian health workers had been replaced by ethnic Albanians with no experience in the field.
Yugoslavian cabinet minister.
She did not run in the subsequent 2000 Serbian parliamentary election, and her term in the Serbian parliament ended when the new assembly convened in January 2001.
Since 2000.
Adrianites is an extinct genus of the Adrianitidae family.
"Am I Wrong" and "Scratched" charted at numbers 44 and 80 on the UK Singles Chart, respectively.
Critical reception.
Dean Carlson of AllMusic wrote that "Squiggling past looping divas, afternoon glares, and funkadelic body bops, De Crecy manages to manufacture a trail of songs that reach for that Anglo-French brass ring with nothing but admirable gravitas".
"Blender" felt that listening to the album is "all in all, time well spent".
Reviewing the album for "musicOMH", Michael Hubbard found that "really on the whole it is chill-out room material, full of time signature changes (When Jack Met Jill) and random relaxing rhythms (Noname)", calling "Am I Wrong" the exception as it is "full of flangey synth, a riotous beat, diva-esque backing vocals and funky bass".
Track listing.
 is the 26th single by the Japanese girl idol group Berryz Kobo.
Affinitymagnetic separation (AMS) is a laboratory tool that can efficiently isolate bacterial cells out of body fluid or cultured cells.
It can also be used as a method of quantifying the pathogenicity of food, blood or feces.
Another laboratory separation tool is the immunomagnetic separation (IMS), which is more suitable for the isolation of eucaryotic cells.
Technique.
Host recognition of bacteriophages occur via bacteria-binding proteins that have strong binding affinities to specific protein or carbohydrate structures on the surface of the bacterial host.
Bacteria-binding proteins derived from bacteriophage coating paramagnetic beads will bind to specific cell components present on the surface of host thus "capturing" the cells and facilitate the concentration of these bead-attached cells.
The concentration process is created by a magnet placed on the side of the test tube bringing the beads to it.
KPMG Chartered Accountants (SA) v Securefin Ltd and Another, potentially a landmark case in South African contract law, was heard in the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) on 17 February 2009, with judgment handed down on 13 March.
It could herald a new era in the interpretation of contracts in South Africa.
Facts.
Securefin instituted an action in the High Court, claiming damages from KPMG for breach of contract.
KPMG denied Securefin's interpretation of the contract.
After a separation of issues, the High Court heard oral evidence.
Much of the evidence dealt with the interpretation of the contract.
Each party called an expert on the issue, and they testified for about fourteen days.
The factual witnesses also spent most of their time dealing with interpretative issues.
The High Court ultimately determined the various issues in favour of the respondents and issued a declaratory order.
Judgment.
An expert could be asked relevant questions based on assumptions or hypotheses put by counsel as to the meaning of a document, but the expert, and any other witnesses, could not be asked about the meaning of the document.
The witness (expert or otherwise) could also not be cross-examined on the meaning of the document or on the validity of the hypothesis about its meaning.
Moyra Davey (born 1958) is an artist based in New York City.
Davey works across photography, video, and writing.
Early life.
Moyra Davey was born in 1958 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
She grew up in Montreal, where she studied photography and received a BFA from Concordia University in 1982.
She then achieved an MFA from the University of California, San Diego in 1988.
In 1989, she attended The Whitney Museum of American Art Independent Study Program.
Career.
Since the late 1970s, Davey has built a body of work composed of photographs, writings, and video.
She was previously a faculty member at the Bard College International Center of Photography Program.
Pet carriers are small portable boxes, crates, or cages used to transport small animals such as cats, lap dogs, miniature pigs, ferrets, chickens, guinea pigs, and so on, from one location to another.
The two main types are the front openers (these are generally tough plastic boxes with a metal door, such as dog crates) and top openers (these are generally more like cages with a hinged roof), although there are other types.
A carrier usually has a handle on top, although some are easier to carry in one's arms rather than using the handle.
Styles.
There are different types and styles of pet carriers available, according to one's specific needs, such as for when traveling by airplane or car and for a pet's species, weight, and size.
In music mistuning is most generally the action of incorrectly tuning or the state of being out of tune.
Mistuning is also the displacement of a pitch a semitone away from its standard position in a stable tonal structure such as the most common perfect fourth or fifth, which mistuned in the opposite directions produce a tritone.
In mechanics mistuning is a lack of symmetry present in a real object that ideally is perfectly symmetric.
Charles Burleigh (C.
B.)
Galbreath (February 25, 1858 - February 23, 1934) was a writer, historian, educator, and librarian in Ohio.
He was the Secretary and Librarian at the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society (now known as Ohio History Connection) from 1920-1934.
Early life and career.
Galbreath was born February 25, 1858, in Leetonia, Ohio.
His parents were Edward Paxson Galbreath and Jane Minerva (Shaw) Galbreath.
He attended school until the age of 13 when he was forced to leave because of the illness of his father.
After two years, he returned to school and graduated from New Lisbon High School in 1879.
After high school, Galbreath attended Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio, from which he graduated with a Master of Arts in 1883.
Galbreath began teaching at the age of 17 and completed a course at Mount Union.
Upon graduation from Mount Union, Galbreath accepted the position of superintendent of the Wilmot, Ohio, school system and served there from 1883 to 1885, leaving to become the superintendent of the East Palestine City School District where he served for eight years.
Galbreath was the county school examiner for Columbiana County Schools from 1885 until 1893.
During the summers of 1891 and 1892, he taught at Ohio Normal University (now Ohio Northern University) in Ada, Ohio.
In 1893, he took a position teaching at Mount Hope College in Rogers, Ohio, and later became president of the college after purchasing it in 1894 with his brother Asher.
In December 1896, Asher started managing Mt.
Hope College full-time due to his brother's appointment.
State librarian.
The 72nd Ohio General Assembly created a library commission which, in 1896, elected Galbreath State Librarian of the State Library of Ohio.
At this time, the position of State Librarian was viewed as a political 'reward' for support of the administration and, as such, the librarian was often changed with each election.
An effect of this is the fact that between 1896 and 1921, the position of State Librarian went back and forth four times between John Newman, during democratic administrations, and Galbreath, during republican administrations.
While serving as state librarian, Galbreath instituted 'traveling libraries' to serve rural communities in Ohio.
By the time of his departure from the post in 1911, there were 1200 traveling libraries with over 56,000 volumes.
During the period of 1927-1928, when the state library was closed because of lack of funds, Galbreath and others volunteered to keep the traveling libraries in operation.
Galbreath was the first president of the National Association of State Librarians in 1900.
Ohio constitutional convention.
In 1912, a constitutional convention was held in Ohio.
One of the first orders of business was to elect a secretary of the convention.
A. Ross Read, delegate from Akron, nominated Galbreath for the post.
In the nomination, Read cited Galbreath's experience as state librarian and his familiarity with legislative procedure as well as his writings.
Galbreath was elected on the second ballot.
The role of the secretary included keeping the records and publishing the proceedings of the convention.
Selected publications.
Throughout his life, Galbreath wrote and published a number of works.
Koltsovka () is a rural locality (a selo) in Sapronovsky Selsoviet of Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia.
The population was 38 as of 2018.
There is 1 street.
Geography.
Koltsovka is located on the right bank of the Birma River, 44 km south of Novokiyevsky Uval (the district's administrative centre) by road.
The album was West's only LP release for Permian Records, a small Dallas-based country music label distributed by MCA Records.
West did not record any additional music for Permian and the single ultimately proved to be the last record of her career, although she was still active in concert and television appearances up to her death in 1991.
In 2000, the album was re-released on CD by First Generation Records, and re-titled Just Dottie Again.
 is a soft drink manufacturing company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan.
Headquarters.
The main office was in Takatsuki, a suburb of Osaka.
In August 1961, the 7-Up company headquarters for Japan was established in Takatsuki, with production facilities opening there in April 1963.
The company changed its name to in April 1987, then consolidated with and changed to its current name in February 1991.
In May 2001, Cheerio obtained a license to manufacture alcoholic beverages.
In June that same year, Cheerio obtained certification for the growing and manufacturing of products labelled "organic."
Advertising slogan.
The Bear River (Leech Lake River) is a river of Minnesota.
Agriculture employs the majority of Madagascar's population.
Mainly involving smallholders, agriculture has seen different levels of state organisation, shifting from state control to a liberalized sector.
Rice is the main produce and main export crop of Madagascar.
It is mainly planted in a terraced paddy system in the central highlands.
Other major subsistence crops include cassava, corn, and sweet potato, while coffee, cloves, vanilla and other cash crops are exported.
Among livestock, zebu account for most of the cattle, while pigs, sheep and poultry are also raised.
Fishing is popular, and aquaculture has grown in importance.
Madagascar has seen high rates of deforestation, and the illegal extraction of highly valued timber species such as mahogany, ebony, and rosewood threatens native stands.
The traditional slash-and-burn agriculture ("tavy") together with population growth put increasing pressure on the native and very diverse flora of Madagascar.
Production.
Seasons and geography.
The cropping calendar greatly varies from region to region, according to the very different climatic conditions, soils and altitude.
Farming statistics.
There are 2,4 million farms of which the large majority are smallholders.
This sector is characterized by farms not exceeding 1,3 hectares on average, fragmented (which hampers mechanization), with a large variety of crops, extensive practices, traditional varieties, limited equipment and infrastructures and poor water control, producing barely enough to feed their families.
Agricultural production is not constrained by lack of cultivable land.
In fact, out of the 41 million hectares of agricultural land, only 3.5 million hectares are cultivated annually.
The remainder of the area is under pastures (37.3 million ha) and forest (13 million ha).
Other food crops include maize (mainly grown in the South and Central-East regions), cassava, sorghum (in the South), beans, groundnut, sweet potatoes and a wide variety of vegetables.
Cassava is an important component of the smallholder's risk reduction strategy because it is drought tolerant and resistant to disease.
Cassava, sweet potato and maize are the main source of calories in the lean season (from September to January).
Groundnut is cultivated on sandy soils in most locations and makes an important contribution to household diet and income.
The main cash crops are cotton, vanilla, coffee, litchi, pepper, tobacco, groundnut, sugar cane, sisal, clove and ylang-ylang.
Nevertheless, rice production has increased from 2.4 million tons in 1990 to 4.0 million tons in 2009 thanks to the increase of both cultivated area (15 percent) and yields (40 percent).
Shifting cultivation.
Traditional farming methods vary from one ethnic group or location to another, according to population density, climate, water supply.
The most intensive form of cultivation is practiced among the Betsileo and Merina groups of the central highlands, where population densities are the highest.
At the other extreme are the extensive slash-and-burn methods of brush clearing and shifting cultivation in the south and the east.
In the forested areas of the eastern coast, the Betsimisaraka and Tanala peoples also practice irrigated rice culture where possible.
The dominant form of land use, however, is shifting cultivation by the slash-and-burn method, known as tavy.
The smaller trees and brush are cut down and left to dry, then burned just before the rainy season.
The cleared area is usually planted with mountain rice and corn.
After two or three years of cultivation, the fields are usually left fallow and are gradually covered by secondary vegetation known as savoka.
After ten or twenty years, the area may be cultivated again.
Because the slash-and-burn method destroys the forest and other vegetation cover, and promotes erosion, it has been declared illegal.
Government assistance is offered to those cultivators who prepare rice paddies instead, and those practicing tavy are fined or, in extreme cases, imprisoned.
Despite the penalties, and much to the chagrin of forestry agents, tavy continues to be practiced.
Even those who cultivate wet paddies often practice tavy on the side.
The crop cycle for tavy is shorter than for irrigated rice, and generations of experience have taught that it is one of the few forms of insurance against the droughts that occur about every three years.
Moreover, the precipitous slopes and heavy, irregular rains make it difficult to maintain affordable and controllable irrigation systems.
A similar system of shifting cultivation is practiced in the arid, sparsely populated regions of the extreme south and southwest.
The dry brush or grassland is burned off, and drought-resistant sorghum or corn is sown in the ashes.
Dry-season cultivation in empty streambeds is practiced largely on the western coast and in the southwest and is called "baiboho".
The crops are sown after the last rising of the waters during the rainy seasons, and after the harvest fresh alluvial deposits naturally replenish the soil.
Lima beans (also known as Cape peas) are raised by this system on the Mangoky River system delta, along with tobacco and a number of newer crops.
Types of produce.
Rice.
The Betsileo are probably the most efficient traditional rice farmers.
They construct rice paddies on narrow terraces ascending the sides of steep valleys in the southern portion of the central highlands, creating an intricate landscape reminiscent of Indonesia or the Philippines.
The irrigation systems use all available water, which flows through narrow canals for considerable distances.
Some rice paddies cover no more than a few square meters.
Only those surfaces that cannot be irrigated are planted in dryland crops.
In parts of the central highlands two rice crops a year can be grown, but not on the same plot.
The Betsileo use a variety of local species that can be sown at different times, employing irrigation to grow some varieties in the dry season and waiting for the rainy season to plant others.
The fields surrounding the typical Betsileo village often represent a checkerboard of tiny plots in different stages of the crop cycle.
The cultivation cycle begins with the repair of irrigation and drainage canals and plowing, which is performed with a longhandled spade or hoe.
Manure or fertilizer is then spread over the field.
If the supply of manure or artificial fertilizer is limited, only the seedbeds are fertilized.
After fertilizing, family and neighbors join in a festive trampling of the fields, using cattle if available.
Occasionally, trampling takes the place of plowing altogether.
If the rice is to be sown broadcast, it may be done on the same day as trampling.
In the more advanced areas, the seedlings are raised in protected seedbeds and transplanted later.
Rice-farming techniques among the Merina resemble those of the Betsileo but are usually less advanced and intensive.
The Merina territory includes some areas where land is more plentiful, and broader areas permit less laborious means of irrigation and terracing.
Although rice is still the dominant crop, more dryland species are grown than in the Betsileo region, and greater use is made of the hillsides and grasslands.
Livestock and fishing.
Livestock is widespread, with about 60 percent of rural families depending on it for their income.
Animal production is dominated by extensive livestock rearing, pigs and poultry.
There is also a growing modern poultry industry around the main cities.
In 2008, livestock accounted for 9.7 million of head of cattle, 2 million sheep and goats, 1.4 million pigs, and 26 million poultry.
Zebus are also used for agricultural work for puddling rice fields as well as for ploughing and pulling carts.
The high prevalence of disease is the main constraint undermining an increase of production.
For example, Newcastle disease is a major ubiquitous problem for poultry, Anthrax affects cattle, and Classical and African swine fever affect pigs.
Both on the highlands and on the coasts, many farmers use fishing as a complement to agriculture and livestock, but it remains characterized by the use of rudimentary tools and materials and inadequate conservation.
Madagascar has enormous potential in the fisheries sector (notably along its western coast in the province of Toliara).
There is also a good potential for the development of shrimps and prawns rising and for freshwater aquaculture (mainly for common carp and tilapia) in paddy fields, ponds and cages.
In 2008, captures of fishery and aquaculture production totalled 130,000 tons About 35,000 tons of fishery products are exported every year.
More than 50 percent are exported toward the European countries, the rest, toward Japan, Mauritius and some Asian countries.
The traditional livestock-raising peoples are the Bara, Sakalava, and other groups of the south and the west, where almost every family owns some zebu cattle.
The common practice is to allow the animals to graze almost at will, and the farmers take few precautions against the popular custom of cattle stealing.
These farmers are also accustomed to burning off the dry grass to promote the growth of new vegetation for animal feed.
The cattle generally are slaughtered only for ceremonial occasions, but these are so frequent that the per capita meat consumption among the cattle herders is very high.
Fishing is popular as a sideline by farmers who supplement their farm produce with fish from freshwater rivers, lakes, and ponds.
The introduction of tilapia fish from the African mainland in the 1950s increased inland aquaculture.
Many families, particularly in the central highlands, have established fish ponds to raise carp, black bass, or trout.
The breeding of fish in rice fields, however, requires sophisticated water control and a strong guard against dynamiting, poisoning, and poaching, which remain chronic problems.
Timber.
Extensive stands of ebony, rosewood and mahogany flourish on the East coast.
In 2009, the timber cut was approximately .
Wood production is from natural forests and is almost entirely consumed locally for fuel and construction.
Bush fires and illegal logging further exacerbate the loss of forest areas, which is estimated at the rate of per year.
Policy and development.
The census also noted that average farm size was 1.2 hectares, although irrigated rice plots in the central highlands were often 0.5 hectares.
Agriculture is critical to Madagascar's economy in that it provides nearly 80 percent of exports, constituting 33 percent of GDP in 1993, and in 1992 employed almost 80 percent of the labor force.
Moreover, 50.7 percent (300,000 square kilometers) of the total landmass of 592,000 square kilometers supports livestock rearing, while 16 percent (484,000 hectares) of land under cultivation is irrigated.
State control of production.
The government significantly reorganized the agricultural sector of the economy beginning in 1972.
Shortly after Ratsiraka assumed power, the government announced that holdings in excess of 500 hectares would be turned over to landless families, and in 1975 it reported that 500,000 hectares of land had been processed under the program.
The long-range strategy of the Ratsiraka regime was to create collective forms of farm management, but not necessarily of ownership.
By the year 2000, some 72 percent of agricultural output was to come from farm cooperatives, 17 percent from state farms, and only 10 percent from privately managed farms.
Toward this end, the Ministry of Agricultural Production coordinated with more than seventy parastatal agencies in the areas of land development, agricultural extension, research, and marketing activities.
However, these socialist-inspired rural development policies, which led to a severe decline in per capita agricultural output during the 1970s, were at the center of the liberalization policies of the 1980s and the structural adjustment demands of the IMF and the World Bank.
Moreover, the share of rice available for marketing in the rapidly growing urban areas declined from 16 or 17 percent of the total crop in the early 1970s to about 11 or 12 percent during the latter part of the decade.
The inefficient system of agricultural supply and marketing, which since 1972 increasingly had been placed under direct state control, was a major factor inhibiting more efficient and expanded rice production.
Corruption leading to shortages of rice in a number of areas caused a scandal in 1977, and the government was forced to take over direct responsibility for rice marketing.
The decreasing commercialization of rice and other commodities continued, however, suggesting that transportation bottlenecks and producer prices were undermining official distribution channels.
Liberalization.
To promote domestic production and reduce foreign imports of rice, the Ratsiraka regime enacted a series of structural adjustment reforms during the 1980s.
These included the removal of government subsidies on the consumer purchase price of rice in 1984 and the disbanding of the state marketing monopoly controlled by SINPA in 1985.
Rice growers responded by moderately expanding production by 9.3 percent during the latter half of the 1980s from 2.18 million tons in 1985 to 2.38 million tons in 1989, and rice imports declined dramatically by 70 percent between 1985 and 1989.
However, the Ratsiraka regime failed to restore self-sufficiency in rice production (estimated at between 2.8 million to 3.0 million tons), and rice imports rose again in 1990.
In 1992 rice production occupied about two-thirds of the cultivated area and produced 40 percent of total agricultural income, including fishing, which was next with 19 percent, livestock raising, and forestry.
In February 1994, Cyclone Geralda hit Madagascar just as the rice harvesting was to start and had a serious impact on the self-sufficiency goal.
In addition, the southern tip of Madagascar suffered from severe drought in late 1993, resulting in emergency assistance to 1 million people from the United Nations (UN) World Food Program (WFP).
This WFP aid was later transformed into a food-for-work program to encourage development.
Other food crops have witnessed small increases in production from 1985 to 1992.
Cassava, the second major food crop in terms of area planted (almost everywhere on the island) and probably in quantity consumed, increased in production from 2.14 million tons in 1985 to 2.32 million tons in 1992.
During this same period, corn production increased from 140,000 tons to 165,000 tons, sweet potato production increased from 450,000 tons to 487,000 tons, and bananas dropped slightly from 255,000 tons to 220,000 tons.
Export crops.
Several export crops are also important to Madagascar's economy.
Cotton traditionally has been the second major export crop, but most output during the early 1980s was absorbed by the local textile industry.
Although cotton output rose from 27,000 tons in 1987 to 46,000 tons in 1988, once again raising the possibility of significant export earnings, the combination of drought and a faltering agricultural extension service in the southwest contributed to a gradual decline in output to only 20,000 tons in 1992.
Indonesia, the primary importer of Malagasy cloves, temporarily halted purchases in 1983 as a result of sufficient domestic production, and left Madagascar with a huge surplus.
A collapse in international prices for cloves in 1987, compounded by uncertain future markets and the normal cyclical nature of the crop, has led to a gradual decline in production from a high of 14,600 tons in 1991 to 7,500 tons in 1993.
As a result, vanilla production has declined from a high of 1,500 tons in 1988 and 1989 to only 700 tons in 1993.
However, in recent years, there has been a resurgence of vanilla.
Cacao is also a major export crop in the Ambanja region in the northwest.
Fisheries and livestock.
The fisheries sector, especially the export of shrimp, is the most rapidly growing area of the agricultural economy.
This production is making up for lost revenues and potential structural decline within the ailing coffee, vanilla, and clove trade.
Since 1988 total fish production has expanded nearly 23 percent from 92,966 tons to 114,370 tons in 1993.
The prospects are also good for promoting greater levels of fish cultivation in the rice paddies, and exports of other fish products, most notably crab, tuna, and lobster, have been rising.
Livestock production is limited in part because of traditional patterns of livestock ownership that have hampered commercialization.
Beef exports in the early 1990s decreased because of poor government marketing practices, rundown slaughtering facilities, and inadequate veterinary services.
Approximately 99 percent of cattle are zebu cattle.
In 1990 the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN estimated that Madagascar had 10.3 million cattle, 1.7 million sheep and goats, and some 21 million chickens.
Environmental impact.
Most of the historical farming in Madagascar has been conducted by indigenous peoples.
The French colonial period disturbed a very small percentage of land area, and even included some useful experiments in sustainable forestry.
Slash-and-burn techniques, a component of some shifting cultivation systems have been practised by the inhabitants of Madagascar for centuries.
As of 2006 some of the major agricultural products from slash-and-burn methods are wood, charcoal and grass for Zebu grazing.
These practises have taken perhaps the greatest toll on land fertility since the end of French rule, mainly due to population growth pressures.
There has been some slash-and-burn activity in the western dry forests, reducing forest cover and the soil nutrient content.
Slash-and-burn is a method sometimes used by shifting cultivators to create short term yields from marginal soils.
When practiced repeatedly, or without intervening fallow periods, the nutrient poor soils may be exhausted or eroded to an unproductive state.
Further protection of Madagascar's forests would assist in preservation of these diverse ecosystems, which have a very high ratio of endemic organisms to total species.
A switch to slash-and-char would considerably advance preservation, while the ensuing biochar would also greatly benefit the soil if returned to it while mixed with compostable biomass such as crop residues.
This would lead to the creation of terra preta, a soil among the richest on the planet and the only one known to regenerate itself (although how this happens exactly is still a mystery).
Niotaze is a city in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States.
As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 90.
History.
Niotaze probably derived its name from Niota, Illinois or Niota, Tennessee.
Circa 1910, Niotaze had a population of 317.
At that time it was an important shipping point for grain, livestock and produce at the junction of two railroads.
Geography.
Niotaze is located at (37.066311, -96.015501).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics. 2010 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 82 people, 33 households, and 22 families residing in the city.
The population density was .
There were 49 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.09.
The median age in the city was 42 years. 2000 census.
As of the census of 2000, there were 122 people, 47 households, and 32 families residing in the city.
The population density was .
There were 55 housing units at an average density of .
The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.24.
The median age was 36 years.
For every 100 females, there were 139.2 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.
Education.
The community is served by Caney Valley USD 436 public school district.
Infrastructure.
Transportation.
Rail.
One Pangasinan Alliance or OPAL (DMA) is an economic alliance of six towns and one city of western Pangasinan, representing the 1st District of Pangasinan.
Geography.
Physical.
OPAL is bounded by the 2nd District of Pangasinan to the South East, Lingayen Gulf to the North and North East, South China Sea facing West and Zambales on the South.
Economy.
OPAL's economic drivers are Aquaculture, Tourism, Farming and Mineral extraction.
Energy.
The 1200 megawatt Sual Coal-Fired Power Plant is located in the town of Sual.
Marine.
Fish pens and fishponds dot the coastline of OPAL.
Agriculture.
Booster is an amusement ride made by Fabbri.
It is a pendulum ride, similar to the later Speed by KMG (which, due to its similarity to the Fabbri ride, is often referred to as the KMG Booster).
There is another ride from the Italian company, Zamperla.
Zamperla made a booster like ride called Turbo Force made in 2001.
Incidents.
Two people (a father and son) in the gondola were killed and two seriously injured.
Two other people were stuck 40 meters in the air for over two hours.
 is an English trusts law case, concerning breach of trust and liability for dishonest assistance.
Facts.
Royal Brunei Airlines appointed Borneo Leisure Travel Sdn Bhd to be its agent for booking passenger flights and cargo transport around Sabah and Sarawak.
Mr Tan was Borneo Leisure Travel's managing director and main shareholder.
It was receiving money for Royal Brunei, which was agreed to be held on trust in a separate account until passed over.
But Borneo Leisure Travel, with Mr Tan's knowledge and assistance, paid money into its current account and used it for its own business.
Borneo Leisure travel failed to pay on time, the contract was terminated, and it went insolvent.
Royal Brunei claimed the money back from Mr Tan.
The Judge held Mr Tan was liable as a constructive trustee to Royal Brunei.
The Court of Appeal of Brunei Darussalam held that the company was not guilty of fraud or dishonesty, and so Mr Tan could not be either.
The case was appealed to the Privy Council, where the Privy Council found in favour of the claimant, reversing the decision of the Court of Appeal.
Advice.
Giving the advice of the Privy Council, Lord Nicholls held it was the dishonest assistant's state of mind which matters.
Therefore, the test for being liable in assisting breach of trust must depend on dishonesty, which is objective.
It is irrelevant what the primary trustee's state of mind is, if the assistant is himself dishonest.
The Badzhal Range (, "Badzhalskiy Khrebet") is a mountain range in Khabarovsk Krai, Russian Far East.
The mountains are mainly composed of volcanic rock, sandstone and shale, as well as chalk, and andesite-basalt, with granites, porphyry and gabbro-granodiorite intrusions.
Geography.
The Badzhal Range consists of a system of separate ridges of moderate alpine relief with a total length of about .
The highest point is Gora Ulun, with a height of .
In its flanks the range is bound by the Amur to the NW and its tributary Amgun river valleys to the SE.
At its ends it is limited by the valleys of the Gorin, a left tributary of the Amur, and the Urmi, a right tributary of the Tunguska, also a left tributary of the Amur.
To the southwest the Badzhal Range connects with the Bureya Range.
Hydrography.
The sources of the Gorin River are located in the Dayana Ridge subrange.
Other rivers originating in the Badzhal Range are the Gerbi, Talidzhak and Badzhal.
There are karst lakes in the range area.
Flora.
The slopes of the range are covered deciduous forests, followed by taiga with a predominance of fir and Siberian spruce at higher elevations.
Trapezites is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae.
All species are endemic to Australia.
Zombie Heaven is a 1997 four-disc box set comprising roughly the entire catalog of British invasion band The Zombies.
The first disc comprises their debut "Begin Here" and assorted singles.
The second disc features their second album "Odessey and Oracle" and the unreleased album "R.I.P.".
Disc 3 is composed of rare and unissued recordings, including demos, alternate takes, EP tracks, and "R.I.P." tracks without the additional instrumentation, while the fourth disc collects live recordings from the band's appearance on the BBC.
Fire needle acupuncture also known as fire needling is an acupuncture technique that involves quickly inserting a red hot needle into acupuncture points on the body.
Deep insertions result in greater pain and other side effects.
Fire needling combines conventional acupuncture and cauterization with heated needles.
The technique has been used since ancient times, when it was called "puncturing with a red-hot needle".
Technique.
The method is based on Chinese medicinal belief of meridian.
We Hunt Together is a British drama series created by Gaby Hull.
The series stars Babou Ceesay, Eve Myles, Hermione Corfield and Dipo Ola.
The first series began its run on 27 May 2020 on Alibi.
The second series was premiered on Alibi on 5 May 2022.
Episodes.
All episodes of the series are written by Gaby Hull.
Release.
The first series premiered in the United Kingdom on Alibi on 27 May 2020.
The second series debuted on Alibi on 5 May 2022.
The series premiered in the United States on Showtime on 9 August 2020.
The second series debuted on Showtime on 3 July 2022.
Reception.
On August 30, 2010, John T. Williams, a Native American woodcarver, was shot four times by Officer Ian Birk of the Seattle Police Department.
Williams died at the scene.
The shooting was ruled "unjustified" by the police department's Firearms Review Board.
The department's actions were scrutinized by the United States Department of Justice as a result of the incident.
Biography.
John T. Williams was born on February 27, 1960.
He was a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth tribe, and during his childhood, lived in Seattle, and Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia.
According to Williams' family, he was a seventh-generation woodcarver.
Williams was an extremely talented artist.
Williams had hearing difficulties, and had battled problems with alcohol much of his adult life.
He had spent time at the mental institution Western State Hospital.
Shooting.
The dashboard camera of Birk's patrol car showed Williams walk "through the crosswalk, hunched over (with) something in his hands, then disappear(ing) offscreen".
Birk emerged from his patrol car with his pistol drawn.
", "Put the knife down", "Put the knife down.
Put the knife down!"
Less than 5 seconds after the first "Hey", the sound of gunshots was recorded on the camera.
Williams had been holding a "scrap of wood" and "a single-blade pocketknife".
Officers who arrived on the scene after the shooting and nearby witnesses later observed that the knife Williams was carrying was closed.
Investigation.
Birk stated to the Firearms Review Board that Williams appeared to be impaired, and that he had an open knife in his hand.
Birk also stated that when Williams began to turn toward Birk that Williams was "brandishing" the knife in a "very confrontational posture" and that Williams did not obey Birk's orders to drop the knife.
Birk stated that he was mindful of the fact that Williams was approximately away from him and might attack before Birk had the opportunity to react, and at that point Birk made the decision to fire.
The report of the Firearms Review Board concluded that Birk acted appropriately in contacting Williams, but that the decision to use deadly force was unjustified.
The Firearms Review Board found a number of problems in Birk's actions and his subsequent testimony.
The FRB found that when Birk first made the decision to contact Williams that Birk was in the safety of his patrol car and that his radio communication to police dispatchers indicated that he was conducting a routine stop of a suspicious person, but the correct action would have been for Birk to indicate explicitly to dispatchers that he "observed a man with a knife", to request backup, and to wait for backup to arrive before initiating contact.
Aftermath.
Birk resigned from the Seattle Police Department on February 16, 2011, one day after King County prosecutor Dan Satterberg decided not to press criminal charges against him.
Seattle Mayor Mike McGinn declared February 27, 2011, to be "John T. Williams Day" in the city.
A high totem pole honoring Williams was erected at the Seattle Center on February 26, 2012.
In 2011, A Tribe Called Red recorded "Woodcarver".
The song samples recordings from the shooting and the music video includes dashcam footage.
California's 18th State Senatorial district is one of 40 California State Senate districts.
It is currently represented by Democrat Robert Hertzberg of Van Nuys.
District profile.
The district consists of the eastern San Fernando Valley.
The district is heavily Hispanic and forms a gateway between Los Angeles and the Santa Clarita and Antelope valleys to the north.
Due to redistricting, the 18th district has been moved around different parts of the state.
Lithoseopsis hellmani is a species of tropical barklouse in the family Amphientomidae.
Daphnella euphrosyne is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Description.
The length of the shell attains 15 mm, its diameter 4 mm.
The white, attenuated, graceful shell contains ten whorls of which four in the protoconch.
The spiral liration is distinct and regular (23 in the body whorl).
The narrow aperture is oblong.
The outer lip is thin.
The wide siphonal canal is somewhat more prolonged.
The peristome is not very effuse.
There is no columellar plication.
Distribution.
Rain, Part 2 is a live EP from Planetshakers, recorded in Planetshakers Conferences in the Philippines and Malaysia.
It was released on 12 April 2019 by Planetshakers Ministries International and Venture3Media.
Critical reception.
Joshua Andre, of "365 Days of Inspiring Media", considered that only one song ("Only Way") on the album had "emotional impact", but conceded that it is "the most personal and emotional song that Planetshakers have ever recorded", and noted that it was inspired by lead singer Joth Hunt's surgery to remove a cancerous tumor.
