Orig Description
Score : 1100 points
Problem StatementThere are 2^N players, numbered 1, 2, ..., 2^N.
They decided to hold a tournament.
The tournament proceeds as follows:
Choose a permutation of 1, 2, ..., 2^N: p_1, p_2, ..., p_{2^N}.
The players stand in a row in the order of Player p_1, Player p_2, ..., Player p_{2^N}.
Repeat the following until there is only one player remaining in the row:
Play the following matches: the first player in the row versus the second player in the row, the third player versus the fourth player, and so on. The players who lose leave the row. The players who win stand in a row again, preserving the relative order of the players.
The last player who remains in the row is the champion.
It is known that, the result of the match between two players can be written as follows, using M integers A_1, A_2, ..., A_M given as input:
When y = A_i for some i, the winner of the match between Player 1 and Player y (2 \leq y \leq 2^N) will be Player y.
When y \neq A_i for every i, the winner of the match between Player 1 and Player y (2 \leq y \leq 2^N) will be Player 1.
When 2 \leq x < y \leq 2^N, the winner of the match between Player x and Player y will be Player x.
The champion of this tournament depends only on the permutation p_1, p_2, ..., p_{2^N} chosen at the beginning.
Find the number of permutation p_1, p_2, ..., p_{2^N} chosen at the beginning of the tournament that would result in Player 1 becoming the champion, modulo 10^9 + 7.
Constraints
1 \leq N \leq 16
0 \leq M \leq 16
2 \leq A_i \leq 2^N (1 \leq i \leq M)
A_i < A_{i + 1} (1 \leq i < M)
InputInput is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N M
A_1 A_2 ... A_M
OutputPrint the answer.
Sample Input 12 1
3
Sample Output 18
Examples of p that satisfy the condition are: [1, 4, 2, 3] and [3, 2, 1, 4]. Examples of p that do not satisfy the condition are: [1, 2, 3, 4] and [1, 3, 2, 4].
Sample Input 24 3
2 4 6
Sample Output 20
Sample Input 33 0
Sample Output 340320
Sample Input 43 3
3 4 7
Sample Output 42688
Sample Input 516 16
5489 5490 5491 5492 5493 5494 5495 5497 18993 18995 18997 18999 19000 19001 19002 19003
Sample Output 5816646464
Extracted Specification
An integer N (1 ≤ N ≤ 16), representing some quantity or size.
An integer M (0 ≤ M ≤ 16), representing another quantity or size.
A sorted list of M distinct integers A, where each integer is between 2 and 2^N (inclusive).
### Example Input:
```
2 1
3
```
### Function Signature:
Write a function f(N, M, A) that takes in the input.
def f(N: int, M: int, A: List[int]):
'''
N: an integer
M: an integer
A: a list of integers
'''
Test Case Generator
Sure, let's create a test case generator for the given problem statement. We'll follow these steps:
1. Generate a random value for \(N\) within the specified constraints.
2. Generate a random value for \(M\) within the specified constraints.
3. Generate a sorted list of \(M\) unique integers \(A_i\) within the range \([2, 2^N]\).
Here is the test case generator code:
```python
import random
def tcgen():
# Generate N within the range [1, 16]
N = random.randint(1, 16)
# Generate M within the range [0, 16]
M = random.randint(0, 16)
# Generate M unique integers A_i within the range [2, 2^N]
if M > 0:
A = sorted(random.sample(range(2, 2**N + 1), M))
else:
A = []
return N, M, A
# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
for _ in range(5): # Generating 5 test cases as an example
N, M, A = tcgen()
print(f"{N} {M}")
if M > 0:
print(" ".join(map(str, A)))
else:
print("")
```
### Explanation:
1. **N Generation**: We generate \(N\) using `random.randint(1, 16)`.
2. **M Generation**: We generate \(M\) using `random.randint(0, 16)`.
3. **Generating A**: We use `random.sample(range(2, 2**N + 1), M)` to generate \(M\) unique integers from the range [2, 2^N]. If \(M\) is 0, we just assign an empty list to \(A\).
4. **Sorting A**: Since \(A\) needs to be in strictly increasing order, we use `sorted(...)`.
This generator will create valid test cases according to the problem constraints. You can modify the number of test cases generated in the example usage section as needed.
Extract Arguments
def extract_arguments(fh):
N, M = map(int, fh.readline().strip().split())
if M > 0:
A = list(map(int, fh.readline().strip().split()))
else:
A = []
return N, M, A