def extract_arguments(fh):
    N, M = map(int, fh.readline().strip().split())
    edges = []
    for _ in range(M):
        a, b = map(int, fh.readline().strip().split())
        edges.append((a, b))
    return N, M, edges

# if __name__ == "__main__":
#     input_path = sys.argv[1]
#     with open(input_path, 'r') as fh: 
#     N, M, edges = extract_arguments(fh)
#     f(N, M, edges)