Problem p02461 - Generation 1

Orig Description

Map: Range Search
  For a dictionary $M$ that stores elements formed by a pair of a string key and an integer value, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that each key in $M$ must be unique.
insert($key$, $x$): Insert an element formed by a pair of $key$ and $x$ to $M$.
get($key$): Print the value with the specified $key$. Print 0 if there is no such element. 
delete($key$): Delete the element with the specified $key$.
dump($L$, $R$): Print all elements formed by a pair of the key and the value such that the key is greater than or equal to $L$ and less than or equal to $R$ in lexicographic order.
Input
  The input is given in the following format.
$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$
Each query $query_i$ is given by
0 $key$ $x$
or
1 $key$
or
2 $key$
or
3 $L$ $R$
 where the first digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 represent insert, get, delete and dump operations.
Output
For each get operation, print the corresponding value.
For each dump operation, print the corresponding elements formed by a pair of the key and the value. For the dump operation, print the elements (a pair of key and value separated by a space character) in ascending order of the keys.
Constraints
$1 \leq q \leq 200,000$
$1 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$
$1 \leq $ length of $key$ $ \leq 20$ 
$key$ consists of lower-case letters
$L \leq R$ in lexicographic order
The total number of elements printed by dump operations does not exceed $1,000,000$
Sample Input 1
9
0 blue 4
0 red 1
0 white 5
1 red
1 blue
2 red
1 black
1 red
3 w z
Sample Output 1
1
4
0
0
white 5

Extracted Specification

An integer \(q\) (1 ≤ \(q\) ≤ 200,000), representing some quantity or size.
A list of \(q\) queries where each query is one of the following formats:
- `0 key x`: Insert operation with a string `key` (1 ≤ length of `key` ≤ 20, consisting of lower-case letters) and an integer `x` (1 ≤ `x` ≤ 1,000,000,000)
- `1 key`: Get operation with a string `key` (1 ≤ length of `key` ≤ 20, consisting of lower-case letters)
- `2 key`: Delete operation with a string `key` (1 ≤ length of `key` ≤ 20, consisting of lower-case letters)
- `3 L R`: Dump operation with two strings `L` and `R` (1 ≤ length of `L`, `R` ≤ 20, consisting of lower-case letters, `L` ≤ `R` in lexicographic order)

### Example Input:
```
9
0 blue 4
0 red 1
0 white 5
1 red
1 blue
2 red
1 black
1 red
3 w z
```

### Function Signature:
Write a function `f(q, queries)` that takes in the input.
```python
def f(q: int, queries: List[Tuple[int, Union[Tuple[str, int], str, Tuple[str, str]]]]):
    '''
    q: an integer
    queries: a list of tuples, where each tuple represents a query
    '''
```

Test Case Generator

Certainly! Here's a Python test case generator for the "Map: Range Search" problem statement you provided. This generator will produce random test cases that adhere to the problem constraints.

```python
import random
import string

def random_key(length):
    return ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase) for _ in range(length))

def tcgen():
    # Number of queries
    q = random.randint(1, 200000)

    queries = []
    for _ in range(q):
        op = random.randint(0, 3)
        if op == 0:  # insert operation
            key_length = random.randint(1, 20)
            key = random_key(key_length)
            x = random.randint(1, 1000000000)
            queries.append(f"0 {key} {x}")
        elif op == 1:  # get operation
            key_length = random.randint(1, 20)
            key = random_key(key_length)
            queries.append(f"1 {key}")
        elif op == 2:  # delete operation
            key_length = random.randint(1, 20)
            key = random_key(key_length)
            queries.append(f"2 {key}")
        elif op == 3:  # dump operation
            L_length = random.randint(1, 20)
            R_length = random.randint(1, 20)
            L = random_key(L_length)
            R = random_key(R_length)
            if L > R:  # Ensure L <= R in lexicographic order
                L, R = R, L
            queries.append(f"3 {L} {R}")

    return q, queries

# Generate test case
q, queries = tcgen()

# Print the generated test case
print(q)
for query in queries:
    print(query)
```

### Explanation:

1. **random_key(length)**: Generates a random string key of specified length using lowercase letters.
2. **tcgen()**: 
    - Generates a random number `q` representing the number of queries.
    - For each query, it randomly selects an operation type (0, 1, 2, or 3).
    - Based on the selected operation, it generates appropriate parameters:
        - **Insert (0 key x)**: Generates a random key and a random integer `x`.
        - **Get (1 key)**: Generates a random key.
        - **Delete (2 key)**: Generates a random key.
        - **Dump (3 L R)**: Generates two random keys `L` and `R` such that `L` is lexicographically less than or equal to `R`.
3. **Generate and print test case**: Finally, the generated queries are printed.

This generator ensures that the test cases adhere to the constraints provided in the problem statement. You can use this to create various test scenarios for your problem.

Extract Arguments

def extract_arguments(fh):
    q = int(fh.readline().strip())
    queries = []
    for _ in range(q):
        query = fh.readline().strip().split()
        if query[0] == '0':
            queries.append((int(query[0]), query[1], int(query[2])))
        elif query[0] in {'1', '2'}:
            queries.append((int(query[0]), query[1]))
        elif query[0] == '3':
            queries.append((int(query[0]), query[1], query[2]))
    return q, queries