An integer N (2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5), representing some quantity or size.
An integer M (0 ≤ M ≤ N), representing some quantity.
A list of integers A of size N, where each integer is between 0 and 10^5.

### Example Input:

```
5 2
0 3 2 1 4
```

### Function Signature:
Write a function f(N, M, A) that takes in the input. 
def f(N: int, M: int, A: List[int]):
    ''' 
    N: an integer 
    M: an integer 
    A: a list of integers 
    '''