Problem p03212 - Generation 2

Orig Description

Score : 300 points
Problem StatementYou are given an integer N. Among the integers between 1 and N (inclusive), how many Shichi-Go-San numbers (literally "Seven-Five-Three numbers") are there?
Here, a Shichi-Go-San number is a positive integer that satisfies the following condition:
When the number is written in base ten, each of the digits 7, 5 and 3 appears at least once, and the other digits never appear.
Constraints
1 \leq N < 10^9
N is an integer.
InputInput is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N
OutputPrint the number of the Shichi-Go-San numbers between 1 and N (inclusive).
Sample Input 1575
Sample Output 14
There are four Shichi-Go-San numbers not greater than 575: 357, 375, 537 and 573.
Sample Input 23600
Sample Output 213
There are 13 Shichi-Go-San numbers not greater than 3600: the above four numbers, 735, 753, 3357, 3375, 3537, 3557, 3573, 3575 and 3577.
Sample Input 3999999999
Sample Output 326484

Extracted Specification

Canonicalized Input Description:

An integer N (1 ≤ N < 10^9).

### Example Input:

```
575
```

### Function Signature:
Write a function f(N) that takes in the input.
```python
def f(N: int):
    '''
    N: an integer
    '''
```

Test Case Generator

Sure, I can help you with a test case generator for your problem statement. The main task is to generate a random integer \( N \) within the given constraints and output it.

Here's the test case generator for the given problem statement:

```python
import random

def tcgen():
    # Generate a random N within the given constraint 1 <= N < 10^9
    N = random.randint(1, 10**9 - 1)
    
    return N

# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_case = tcgen()
    print(test_case)
```

This function `tcgen` will generate a random integer \( N \) between 1 and \( 10^9 - 1 \) and return it. You can call this function to generate test cases for your problem.

### Explanation:
- **N**: The integer \( N \) is randomly chosen to be between 1 and \( 10^9 - 1 \) inclusive, ensuring it meets the problem constraints.

Feel free to integrate this generator in your testing setup and generate as many test cases as you need!

Extract Arguments

def extract_arguments(fh):
    N = int(fh.readline().strip())
    return N

# if __name__ == "__main__":
#     input_path = sys.argv[1]
#     with open(input_path, 'r') as fh: 
#     N = extract_arguments(fh)