import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F


def squeeze_2x2(x, reverse=False, alt_order=False):
    """For each spatial position, a sub-volume of shape `1x1x(N^2 * C)`,
    reshape into a sub-volume of shape `NxNxC`, where `N = block_size`.

    Adapted from:
        https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/real_nvp/real_nvp_utils.py

    See Also:
        - TensorFlow nn.depth_to_space: https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/nn/depth_to_space
        - Figure 3 of RealNVP paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.08803

    Args:
        x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of shape (B, C, H, W).
        reverse (bool): Whether to do a reverse squeeze (unsqueeze).
        alt_order (bool): Whether to use alternate ordering.
    """
    block_size = 2
    if alt_order:
        n, c, h, w = x.size()

        if reverse:
            if c % 4 != 0:
                raise ValueError('Number of channels must be divisible by 4, got {}.'.format(c))
            c //= 4
        else:
            if h % 2 != 0:
                raise ValueError('Height must be divisible by 2, got {}.'.format(h))
            if w % 2 != 0:
                raise ValueError('Width must be divisible by 4, got {}.'.format(w))
        # Defines permutation of input channels (shape is (4, 1, 2, 2)).
        squeeze_matrix = torch.tensor([[[[1., 0.], [0., 0.]]],
                                       [[[0., 0.], [0., 1.]]],
                                       [[[0., 1.], [0., 0.]]],
                                       [[[0., 0.], [1., 0.]]]],
                                      dtype=x.dtype,
                                      device=x.device)
        perm_weight = torch.zeros((4 * c, c, 2, 2), dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device)
        for c_idx in range(c):
            slice_0 = slice(c_idx * 4, (c_idx + 1) * 4)
            slice_1 = slice(c_idx, c_idx + 1)
            perm_weight[slice_0, slice_1, :, :] = squeeze_matrix
        shuffle_channels = torch.tensor([c_idx * 4 for c_idx in range(c)]
                                        + [c_idx * 4 + 1 for c_idx in range(c)]
                                        + [c_idx * 4 + 2 for c_idx in range(c)]
                                        + [c_idx * 4 + 3 for c_idx in range(c)])
        perm_weight = perm_weight[shuffle_channels, :, :, :]

        if reverse:
            x = F.conv_transpose2d(x, perm_weight, stride=2)
        else:
            x = F.conv2d(x, perm_weight, stride=2)
    else:
        b, c, h, w = x.size()
        x = x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)

        if reverse:
            if c % 4 != 0:
                raise ValueError('Number of channels {} is not divisible by 4'.format(c))
            x = x.view(b, h, w, c // 4, 2, 2)
            x = x.permute(0, 1, 4, 2, 5, 3)
            x = x.contiguous().view(b, 2 * h, 2 * w, c // 4)
        else:
            if h % 2 != 0 or w % 2 != 0:
                raise ValueError('Expected even spatial dims HxW, got {}x{}'.format(h, w))
            x = x.view(b, h // 2, 2, w // 2, 2, c)
            x = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4)
            x = x.contiguous().view(b, h // 2, w // 2, c * 4)

        x = x.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)

    return x


def checkerboard_like(x, reverse=False):
    """Get a checkerboard mask for `x`, such that no two entries adjacent entries
    have the same value. In non-reversed mask, top-left entry is 0.

    Args:
        x (torch.Tensor): Tensor that will be masked with `x`.
        reverse (bool): If True, reverse the mask (i.e., make top-left entry 1).
            Useful for alternating masks in RealNVP.

    Returns:
        mask (torch.tensor): Checkerboard mask of shape (1, 1, height, width).
    """
    if x.dim() == 4:  # 4 維輸入（如 [batch, channels, height, width]）
        height, width = x.size(2), x.size(3)
    elif x.dim() == 2:  # 2 維輸入（如 [batch, input_dim]）
        height, width = 1, x.size(1)  # 假設 width 是特徵維度，height 為 1
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported input dimension: {x.dim()} for checkerboard_like")
    checkerboard = [[((i % 2) + j) % 2 for j in range(width)] for i in range(height)]
    mask = torch.tensor(checkerboard, dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device, requires_grad=False)

    if reverse:
        mask = 1. - mask

    # Reshape to (1, 1, height, width) for broadcasting with tensors of shape (B, C, H, W)
    mask = mask.view(1, 1, height, width)

    return mask
