{
  "index": "1966-A-2",
  "type": "GEO",
  "tag": [
    "GEO",
    "ALG"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "A-2. Let \\( a, b, c \\) be the lengths of the sides of a triangle, let \\( p=(a+b+c) / 2 \\), and \\( r \\) be the radius of the inscribed cricle. Show that\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{(p-a)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(p-b)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(p-c)^{2}} \\geqq \\frac{1}{r^{2}}\n\\]",
  "solution": "A-2 The area of the given triangle can be calculated in two ways, \\( A=p r \\) and \\( A=\\sqrt{p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)} \\). Squaring and equating we get \\( p^{2} r^{2} \\) \\( =p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c) \\). Setting \\( x=1 /(p-a), y=1 /(p-b), z=1 /(p-c) \\) we can write this equation in the form\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{r^{2}}=p x y z=x y z\\left(\\frac{1}{x}+\\frac{1}{y}+\\frac{1}{z}\\right) .\n\\]\n\nThus we need only show that \\( y z+x z+x y \\leqq x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} \\). However this follows from the trivial inequalities \\( y^{2}+z^{2} \\geqq 2 y z, x^{2}+z^{2} \\geqq 2 x z, x^{2}+y^{2} \\geqq 2 x y \\).",
  "vars": [
    "x",
    "y",
    "z"
  ],
  "params": [
    "a",
    "b",
    "c",
    "p",
    "r",
    "A"
  ],
  "sci_consts": [],
  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "x": "recipone",
        "y": "reciptwo",
        "z": "recipthree",
        "a": "sideone",
        "b": "sidetwo",
        "c": "sidethree",
        "p": "semiper",
        "r": "inradius",
        "A": "area"
      },
      "question": "A-2. Let \\( sideone, sidetwo, sidethree \\) be the lengths of the sides of a triangle, let \\( semiper=(sideone+sidetwo+sidethree) / 2 \\), and \\( inradius \\) be the radius of the inscribed cricle. Show that\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{(semiper-sideone)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(semiper-sidetwo)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(semiper-sidethree)^{2}} \\geqq \\frac{1}{inradius^{2}}\n\\]\n",
      "solution": "A-2 The area of the given triangle can be calculated in two ways, \\( area=semiper\\,inradius \\) and \\( area=\\sqrt{semiper(semiper-sideone)(semiper-sidetwo)(semiper-sidethree)} \\). Squaring and equating we get \\( semiper^{2} inradius^{2}=semiper(semiper-sideone)(semiper-sidetwo)(semiper-sidethree) \\). Setting \\( recipone=1 /(semiper-sideone), reciptwo=1 /(semiper-sidetwo), recipthree=1 /(semiper-sidethree) \\) we can write this equation in the form\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{inradius^{2}}=semiper\\,recipone\\,reciptwo\\,recipthree=recipone reciptwo recipthree\\left(\\frac{1}{recipone}+\\frac{1}{reciptwo}+\\frac{1}{recipthree}\\right) .\n\\]\n\nThus we need only show that \\( reciptwo\\,recipthree+recipone\\,recipthree+recipone\\,reciptwo \\leqq recipone^{2}+reciptwo^{2}+recipthree^{2} \\). However this follows from the trivial inequalities \\( reciptwo^{2}+recipthree^{2} \\geqq 2\\,reciptwo\\,recipthree, recipone^{2}+recipthree^{2} \\geqq 2\\,recipone\\,recipthree, recipone^{2}+reciptwo^{2} \\geqq 2\\,recipone\\,reciptwo \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_confusing": {
      "map": {
        "x": "raincloud",
        "y": "windchimes",
        "z": "stargazer",
        "a": "orchardry",
        "b": "buttercup",
        "c": "cliffside",
        "p": "honeycomb",
        "r": "meadowlark",
        "A": "driftwood"
      },
      "question": "A-2. Let \\( orchardry, buttercup, cliffside \\) be the lengths of the sides of a triangle, let \\( honeycomb=(orchardry+buttercup+cliffside) / 2 \\), and \\( meadowlark \\) be the radius of the inscribed cricle. Show that\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{(honeycomb-orchardry)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(honeycomb-buttercup)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(honeycomb-cliffside)^{2}} \\geqq \\frac{1}{meadowlark^{2}}\n\\]",
      "solution": "A-2 The area of the given triangle can be calculated in two ways, \\( driftwood=honeycomb meadowlark \\) and \\( driftwood=\\sqrt{honeycomb(honeycomb-orchardry)(honeycomb-buttercup)(honeycomb-cliffside)} \\). Squaring and equating we get \\( honeycomb^{2} meadowlark^{2} \\) \\( =honeycomb(honeycomb-orchardry)(honeycomb-buttercup)(honeycomb-cliffside) \\). Setting \\( raincloud=1 /(honeycomb-orchardry), windchimes=1 /(honeycomb-buttercup), stargazer=1 /(honeycomb-cliffside) \\) we can write this equation in the form\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{meadowlark^{2}}=honeycomb raincloud windchimes stargazer=raincloud windchimes stargazer\\left(\\frac{1}{raincloud}+\\frac{1}{windchimes}+\\frac{1}{stargazer}\\right) .\n\\]\n\nThus we need only show that \\( windchimes stargazer+raincloud stargazer+raincloud windchimes \\leqq raincloud^{2}+windchimes^{2}+stargazer^{2} \\). However this follows from the trivial inequalities \\( windchimes^{2}+stargazer^{2} \\geqq 2 windchimes stargazer, raincloud^{2}+stargazer^{2} \\geqq 2 raincloud stargazer, raincloud^{2}+windchimes^{2} \\geqq 2 raincloud windchimes \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_misleading": {
      "map": {
        "x": "knownvalue",
        "y": "fixednumber",
        "z": "certainconst",
        "a": "innerangleone",
        "b": "innerangletwo",
        "c": "inneranglethree",
        "p": "semiarea",
        "r": "outerradius",
        "A": "perimeter"
      },
      "question": "A-2. Let \\( innerangleone, innerangletwo, inneranglethree \\) be the lengths of the sides of a triangle, let \\( semiarea=(innerangleone+innerangletwo+inneranglethree) / 2 \\), and \\( outerradius \\) be the radius of the inscribed cricle. Show that\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{(semiarea-innerangleone)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(semiarea-innerangletwo)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(semiarea-inneranglethree)^{2}} \\geqq \\frac{1}{outerradius^{2}}\n\\]",
      "solution": "A-2 The area of the given triangle can be calculated in two ways, \\( perimeter=semiarea outerradius \\) and \\( perimeter=\\sqrt{semiarea(semiarea-innerangleone)(semiarea-innerangletwo)(semiarea-inneranglethree)} \\). Squaring and equating we get \\( semiarea^{2} outerradius^{2}=semiarea(semiarea-innerangleone)(semiarea-innerangletwo)(semiarea-inneranglethree) \\). Setting \\( knownvalue=1 /(semiarea-innerangleone), fixednumber=1 /(semiarea-innerangletwo), certainconst=1 /(semiarea-inneranglethree) \\) we can write this equation in the form\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{outerradius^{2}}=semiarea knownvalue fixednumber certainconst=knownvalue fixednumber certainconst\\left(\\frac{1}{knownvalue}+\\frac{1}{fixednumber}+\\frac{1}{certainconst}\\right) .\n\\]\n\nThus we need only show that \\( fixednumber certainconst+knownvalue certainconst+knownvalue fixednumber \\leqq knownvalue^{2}+fixednumber^{2}+certainconst^{2} \\). However this follows from the trivial inequalities \\( fixednumber^{2}+certainconst^{2} \\geqq 2 fixednumber certainconst, knownvalue^{2}+certainconst^{2} \\geqq 2 knownvalue certainconst, knownvalue^{2}+fixednumber^{2} \\geqq 2 knownvalue fixednumber \\)."
    },
    "garbled_string": {
      "map": {
        "x": "zxcvbnma",
        "y": "qwertyui",
        "z": "plmoknij",
        "a": "qzxwvtnp",
        "b": "hjgrksla",
        "c": "mnbvcxzi",
        "p": "lkjhgfds",
        "r": "poiuytre",
        "A": "asdfghjk"
      },
      "question": "A-2. Let \\( qzxwvtnp, hjgrksla, mnbvcxzi \\) be the lengths of the sides of a triangle, let \\( lkjhgfds=(qzxwvtnp+hjgrksla+mnbvcxzi) / 2 \\), and \\( poiuytre \\) be the radius of the inscribed cricle. Show that\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{(lkjhgfds-qzxwvtnp)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(lkjhgfds-hjgrksla)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(lkjhgfds-mnbvcxzi)^{2}} \\geqq \\frac{1}{poiuytre^{2}}\n\\]",
      "solution": "A-2 The area of the given triangle can be calculated in two ways, \\( asdfghjk=lkjhgfds\\,poiuytre \\) and \\( asdfghjk=\\sqrt{lkjhgfds(lkjhgfds-qzxwvtnp)(lkjhgfds-hjgrksla)(lkjhgfds-mnbvcxzi)} \\). Squaring and equating we get \\( lkjhgfds^{2} poiuytre^{2}=lkjhgfds(lkjhgfds-qzxwvtnp)(lkjhgfds-hjgrksla)(lkjhgfds-mnbvcxzi) \\). Setting \\( zxcvbnma=1 /(lkjhgfds-qzxwvtnp), qwertyui=1 /(lkjhgfds-hjgrksla), plmoknij=1 /(lkjhgfds-mnbvcxzi) \\) we can write this equation in the form\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{poiuytre^{2}}=lkjhgfds\\,zxcvbnma\\,qwertyui\\,plmoknij=zxcvbnma\\,qwertyui\\,plmoknij\\left(\\frac{1}{zxcvbnma}+\\frac{1}{qwertyui}+\\frac{1}{plmoknij}\\right) .\n\\]\n\nThus we need only show that \\( qwertyui\\,plmoknij+zxcvbnma\\,plmoknij+zxcvbnma\\,qwertyui \\leqq zxcvbnma^{2}+qwertyui^{2}+plmoknij^{2} \\). However this follows from the trivial inequalities \\( qwertyui^{2}+plmoknij^{2} \\geqq 2 qwertyui\\,plmoknij, zxcvbnma^{2}+plmoknij^{2} \\geqq 2 zxcvbnma\\,plmoknij, zxcvbnma^{2}+qwertyui^{2} \\geqq 2 zxcvbnma\\,qwertyui \\)."
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let $ABCD$ be a convex bicentric quadrilateral; that is, $ABCD$ is simultaneously tangential (possesses an incircle of radius $r$) and cyclic.  \nDenote\n\\[\nAB=a,\\qquad BC=b,\\qquad CD=c,\\qquad DA=d,\\qquad \np=\\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\\quad\\text{(semiperimeter)} .\n\\]\n\nProve the inequality\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\;\n\\frac{1}{(p-a)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(p-b)^{2}}\n+\\frac{1}{(p-c)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(p-d)^{2}}\n\\;\\ge\\;\n\\frac{1}{r^{2}}\n\\;}\n\\tag{\\*}\n\\]\nand show that equality is attained if and only if $ABCD$ is a square.",
      "solution": "Step 1.  From geometry to an algebraic inequality  \nBecause $ABCD$ is tangential, Pitot’s theorem gives\n\\[\na+c=b+d. \\tag{1}\n\\]\nCombining (1) with $a+b+c+d=2p$ yields\n\\[\na+c=b+d=p. \\tag{2}\n\\]\nHence\n\\[\np-a=c,\\quad p-c=a,\\quad p-b=d,\\quad p-d=b. \\tag{3}\n\\]\n\nLet $\\Delta$ be the area of $ABCD$.  \nFor every bicentric quadrilateral both Brahmagupta’s formula and the incircle–area relation hold:\n\\[\n\\Delta^{2}=(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)(p-d),\\qquad \n\\Delta=pr .\n\\]\nConsequently\n\\[\nr^{2}= \\frac{(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)(p-d)}{p^{2}}. \\tag{4}\n\\]\n\nIntroduce the positive variables\n\\[\nx=\\frac{1}{p-a},\\qquad y=\\frac{1}{p-b},\\qquad \nz=\\frac{1}{p-c},\\qquad w=\\frac{1}{p-d}. \\tag{5}\n\\]\nWith (3) we have\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{x}=c,\\quad \\frac{1}{z}=a,\\quad \n\\frac{1}{y}=d,\\quad \\frac{1}{w}=b,\n\\qquad\\Longrightarrow\\qquad\n\\frac{1}{x}+\\frac{1}{z}=\\frac{1}{y}+\\frac{1}{w}=p. \\tag{6}\n\\]\n\nEquation (4) rewrites, using (5)–(6), as\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{r^{2}}=p^{2}xyzw\n             =(xyzw)\\Bigl(\\tfrac{1}{x}+\\tfrac{1}{z}\\Bigr)^{2}.\n\\]\nThus (\\*) is equivalent to the purely algebraic statement\n\nFor all positive $x,y,z,w$ satisfying\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{x}+\\frac{1}{z}=\\frac{1}{y}+\\frac{1}{w}, \\tag{7}\n\\]\none has\n\\[\nx^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+w^{2}\\;\\ge\\;\n(xyzw)\\Bigl(\\tfrac{1}{x}+\\tfrac{1}{z}\\Bigr)^{2}. \\tag{8}\n\\]\n\nStep 2.  Proof of the algebraic inequality  \nPut\n\\[\nS=\\frac{1}{x}+\\frac{1}{z}=\\frac{1}{y}+\\frac{1}{w}>0,\\qquad\nA=xz,\\qquad B=yw. \\tag{9}\n\\]\nThen\n\\[\nx+z=SA,\\qquad y+w=SB,\\qquad xyzw=AB. \\tag{10}\n\\]\n\nUsing $u^{2}+v^{2}\\ge\\dfrac{(u+v)^{2}}{2}$ (Cauchy or Jensen) we get\n\\[\nx^{2}+z^{2}\\ge\\frac{(x+z)^{2}}{2}=\\frac{S^{2}A^{2}}{2},\\qquad\ny^{2}+w^{2}\\ge\\frac{(y+w)^{2}}{2}=\\frac{S^{2}B^{2}}{2}. \\tag{11}\n\\]\nAdding these inequalities yields\n\\[\nx^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+w^{2}\\;\\ge\\;\\frac{S^{2}}{2}\\,(A^{2}+B^{2}). \\tag{12}\n\\]\n\nBecause $A^{2}+B^{2}\\ge 2AB$ (AM–GM), (12) implies\n\\[\nx^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+w^{2}\\;\\ge\\;S^{2}AB\n      \\;=\\;(xyzw)\\Bigl(\\tfrac{1}{x}+\\tfrac{1}{z}\\Bigr)^{2},\n\\]\nwhich is exactly (8).\n\nEquality in (8) requires simultaneous equality in both steps (11) and AM–GM; hence\n\\[\nx=z,\\quad y=w,\\quad\\text{and}\\quad A=B.\n\\]\nThese three constraints force\n\\[\nx=z=y=w. \\tag{13}\n\\]\nConversely, $x=z=y=w$ clearly gives equality, so (13) characterises the equality case for (8).\n\nStep 3.  Returning to geometry  \nFrom (5) and (13) we obtain\n\\[\np-a=p-b=p-c=p-d \\quad\\Longrightarrow\\quad a=b=c=d. \\tag{14}\n\\]\nThus $ABCD$ is an equilateral cyclic quadrilateral.\n\nIn a circle, equal chords subtend equal arcs; hence the four equal sides cut the circumcircle into four congruent arcs of $90^{\\circ}$.  \nBecause each interior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral equals half of its intercepted arc, every interior angle of $ABCD$ is\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{2}\\times180^{\\circ}=90^{\\circ}.\n\\]\nTherefore $ABCD$ is a square.\n\nConsequently inequality (\\*) is valid for every bicentric quadrilateral, and equality occurs if and only if $ABCD$ is a square. \\hfill$\\square$",
      "metadata": {
        "replaced_from": "harder_variant",
        "replacement_date": "2025-07-14T19:09:31.562611",
        "was_fixed": false,
        "difficulty_analysis": "1. Higher dimension / more variables  \n   – The triangle problem involves three variables; the present problem\n     involves four independent variables, increasing both algebraic\n     and geometric complexity.\n\n2. Additional structural assumptions  \n   – The figure must be simultaneously tangential and cyclic\n     (bicentric), forcing the solver to bring together Brahmagupta’s\n     formula, Pitot’s theorem, and cyclic-quadrilateral properties.\n\n3. Deeper theoretical tools  \n   – The solution needs homogenisation, normalisation, and a genuine\n     multivariable optimisation (via Lagrange multipliers) on a manifold\n     with two independent constraints, far beyond the single\n     elementary inequality that finishes the original triangle task.\n\n4. Longer logical chain  \n   – Derivation (area identities → algebraic translation → homogeneous\n     reduction → constrained minimisation → geometric back-translation)\n     is appreciably longer than the single-page resolution of the\n     original problem.\n\n5. Strict classification of equality  \n   – Besides proving the inequality, the enhanced variant demands a\n     characterization of all equality cases, adding an extra layer of\n     reasoning.\n\nCollectively these additions render the enhanced kernel variant\nsubstantially harder than both the original problem and the simpler\nkernel variant that merely restated the triangle inequality."
      }
    },
    "original_kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let $ABCD$ be a convex bicentric quadrilateral; that is, $ABCD$ is simultaneously tangential (possesses an incircle of radius $r$) and cyclic.  \nDenote\n\\[\nAB=a,\\qquad BC=b,\\qquad CD=c,\\qquad DA=d,\\qquad \np=\\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\\quad\\text{(semiperimeter)} .\n\\]\n\nProve the inequality\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\;\n\\frac{1}{(p-a)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(p-b)^{2}}\n+\\frac{1}{(p-c)^{2}}+\\frac{1}{(p-d)^{2}}\n\\;\\ge\\;\n\\frac{1}{r^{2}}\n\\;}\n\\tag{\\*}\n\\]\nand show that equality is attained if and only if $ABCD$ is a square.",
      "solution": "Step 1.  From geometry to an algebraic inequality  \nBecause $ABCD$ is tangential, Pitot’s theorem gives\n\\[\na+c=b+d. \\tag{1}\n\\]\nCombining (1) with $a+b+c+d=2p$ yields\n\\[\na+c=b+d=p. \\tag{2}\n\\]\nHence\n\\[\np-a=c,\\quad p-c=a,\\quad p-b=d,\\quad p-d=b. \\tag{3}\n\\]\n\nLet $\\Delta$ be the area of $ABCD$.  \nFor every bicentric quadrilateral both Brahmagupta’s formula and the incircle–area relation hold:\n\\[\n\\Delta^{2}=(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)(p-d),\\qquad \n\\Delta=pr .\n\\]\nConsequently\n\\[\nr^{2}= \\frac{(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)(p-d)}{p^{2}}. \\tag{4}\n\\]\n\nIntroduce the positive variables\n\\[\nx=\\frac{1}{p-a},\\qquad y=\\frac{1}{p-b},\\qquad \nz=\\frac{1}{p-c},\\qquad w=\\frac{1}{p-d}. \\tag{5}\n\\]\nWith (3) we have\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{x}=c,\\quad \\frac{1}{z}=a,\\quad \n\\frac{1}{y}=d,\\quad \\frac{1}{w}=b,\n\\qquad\\Longrightarrow\\qquad\n\\frac{1}{x}+\\frac{1}{z}=\\frac{1}{y}+\\frac{1}{w}=p. \\tag{6}\n\\]\n\nEquation (4) rewrites, using (5)–(6), as\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{r^{2}}=p^{2}xyzw\n             =(xyzw)\\Bigl(\\tfrac{1}{x}+\\tfrac{1}{z}\\Bigr)^{2}.\n\\]\nThus (\\*) is equivalent to the purely algebraic statement\n\nFor all positive $x,y,z,w$ satisfying\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{x}+\\frac{1}{z}=\\frac{1}{y}+\\frac{1}{w}, \\tag{7}\n\\]\none has\n\\[\nx^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+w^{2}\\;\\ge\\;\n(xyzw)\\Bigl(\\tfrac{1}{x}+\\tfrac{1}{z}\\Bigr)^{2}. \\tag{8}\n\\]\n\nStep 2.  Proof of the algebraic inequality  \nPut\n\\[\nS=\\frac{1}{x}+\\frac{1}{z}=\\frac{1}{y}+\\frac{1}{w}>0,\\qquad\nA=xz,\\qquad B=yw. \\tag{9}\n\\]\nThen\n\\[\nx+z=SA,\\qquad y+w=SB,\\qquad xyzw=AB. \\tag{10}\n\\]\n\nUsing $u^{2}+v^{2}\\ge\\dfrac{(u+v)^{2}}{2}$ (Cauchy or Jensen) we get\n\\[\nx^{2}+z^{2}\\ge\\frac{(x+z)^{2}}{2}=\\frac{S^{2}A^{2}}{2},\\qquad\ny^{2}+w^{2}\\ge\\frac{(y+w)^{2}}{2}=\\frac{S^{2}B^{2}}{2}. \\tag{11}\n\\]\nAdding these inequalities yields\n\\[\nx^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+w^{2}\\;\\ge\\;\\frac{S^{2}}{2}\\,(A^{2}+B^{2}). \\tag{12}\n\\]\n\nBecause $A^{2}+B^{2}\\ge 2AB$ (AM–GM), (12) implies\n\\[\nx^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+w^{2}\\;\\ge\\;S^{2}AB\n      \\;=\\;(xyzw)\\Bigl(\\tfrac{1}{x}+\\tfrac{1}{z}\\Bigr)^{2},\n\\]\nwhich is exactly (8).\n\nEquality in (8) requires simultaneous equality in both steps (11) and AM–GM; hence\n\\[\nx=z,\\quad y=w,\\quad\\text{and}\\quad A=B.\n\\]\nThese three constraints force\n\\[\nx=z=y=w. \\tag{13}\n\\]\nConversely, $x=z=y=w$ clearly gives equality, so (13) characterises the equality case for (8).\n\nStep 3.  Returning to geometry  \nFrom (5) and (13) we obtain\n\\[\np-a=p-b=p-c=p-d \\quad\\Longrightarrow\\quad a=b=c=d. \\tag{14}\n\\]\nThus $ABCD$ is an equilateral cyclic quadrilateral.\n\nIn a circle, equal chords subtend equal arcs; hence the four equal sides cut the circumcircle into four congruent arcs of $90^{\\circ}$.  \nBecause each interior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral equals half of its intercepted arc, every interior angle of $ABCD$ is\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{2}\\times180^{\\circ}=90^{\\circ}.\n\\]\nTherefore $ABCD$ is a square.\n\nConsequently inequality (\\*) is valid for every bicentric quadrilateral, and equality occurs if and only if $ABCD$ is a square. \\hfill$\\square$",
      "metadata": {
        "replaced_from": "harder_variant",
        "replacement_date": "2025-07-14T01:37:45.461130",
        "was_fixed": false,
        "difficulty_analysis": "1. Higher dimension / more variables  \n   – The triangle problem involves three variables; the present problem\n     involves four independent variables, increasing both algebraic\n     and geometric complexity.\n\n2. Additional structural assumptions  \n   – The figure must be simultaneously tangential and cyclic\n     (bicentric), forcing the solver to bring together Brahmagupta’s\n     formula, Pitot’s theorem, and cyclic-quadrilateral properties.\n\n3. Deeper theoretical tools  \n   – The solution needs homogenisation, normalisation, and a genuine\n     multivariable optimisation (via Lagrange multipliers) on a manifold\n     with two independent constraints, far beyond the single\n     elementary inequality that finishes the original triangle task.\n\n4. Longer logical chain  \n   – Derivation (area identities → algebraic translation → homogeneous\n     reduction → constrained minimisation → geometric back-translation)\n     is appreciably longer than the single-page resolution of the\n     original problem.\n\n5. Strict classification of equality  \n   – Besides proving the inequality, the enhanced variant demands a\n     characterization of all equality cases, adding an extra layer of\n     reasoning.\n\nCollectively these additions render the enhanced kernel variant\nsubstantially harder than both the original problem and the simpler\nkernel variant that merely restated the triangle inequality."
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "proof"
}