{
  "index": "1978-B-2",
  "type": "ANA",
  "tag": [
    "ANA",
    "NT",
    "ALG"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "Problem B-2\nExpress\n\\[\n\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty} \\sum_{m=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{m^{2} n+m n^{2}+2 m n}\n\\]\nas a rational number.",
  "solution": "B-2.\nLet \\( S \\) be the desired sum. Then\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nS & =\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{n} \\sum_{m=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{n+2}\\left(\\frac{1}{m}-\\frac{1}{m+n+2}\\right) \\\\\n& =\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{n(n+2)}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{n+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{n+4}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3}-\\frac{1}{n+5}\\right)+\\cdots\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{1}{2} \\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{n}-\\frac{1}{n+2}\\right)\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{n+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{n+4}\\right)+\\cdots\\right]\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nHence\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n2 S= & \\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{n}-\\frac{1}{n+2}\\right) \\lim _{k \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{n+2}-\\frac{1}{k}-\\frac{1}{k+1}-\\cdots-\\frac{1}{k+n+1}\\right] \\\\\n= & \\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{n}-\\frac{1}{n+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{n+2}\\right) \\\\\n= & \\lim _{h \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{3}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n& \\left.+\\cdots+\\left(\\frac{1}{h}-\\frac{1}{h+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{h}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n= & \\lim _{h \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1 \\cdot\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\left(\\frac{1}{4}+\\frac{1}{5}\\right)+\\frac{1}{4}\\left(\\frac{1}{5}+\\frac{1}{6}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n+ & \\left.\\frac{1}{h}\\left(\\frac{1}{h+1}+\\frac{1}{h+2}\\right)-\\frac{1}{h+1}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{h-1}\\right)-\\frac{1}{h+2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{h}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{6+3+2}{6}+\\frac{12+6+4+3}{2 \\cdot 12}+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 4}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 5}+\\cdots\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 5}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 6}+\\cdots\\right) \\\\\n& =\\frac{11}{6}+\\frac{25}{24}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)=\\frac{7}{2} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nThus \\( S=7 / 4 \\).",
  "vars": [
    "S",
    "m",
    "n",
    "k",
    "h"
  ],
  "params": [],
  "sci_consts": [],
  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "S": "completesum",
        "m": "rowindex",
        "n": "colindex",
        "k": "upperlim",
        "h": "highlim"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-2\nExpress\n\\[\n\\sum_{colindex=1}^{\\infty} \\sum_{rowindex=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{rowindex^{2} colindex+rowindex colindex^{2}+2 rowindex colindex}\n\\]\nas a rational number.",
      "solution": "B-2.\nLet \\( completesum \\) be the desired sum. Then\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\ncompletesum & =\\sum_{colindex=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{colindex} \\sum_{rowindex=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{colindex+2}\\left(\\frac{1}{rowindex}-\\frac{1}{rowindex+colindex+2}\\right) \\\\\n& =\\sum_{colindex=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{colindex(colindex+2)}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{colindex+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{colindex+4}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3}-\\frac{1}{colindex+5}\\right)+\\cdots\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{1}{2} \\sum_{colindex=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{colindex}-\\frac{1}{colindex+2}\\right)\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{colindex+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{colindex+4}\\right)+\\cdots\\right]\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nHence\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n2 completesum= & \\sum_{colindex=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{colindex}-\\frac{1}{colindex+2}\\right) \\lim _{upperlim \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{colindex+2}-\\frac{1}{upperlim}-\\frac{1}{upperlim+1}-\\cdots-\\frac{1}{upperlim+colindex+1}\\right] \\\\\n= & \\sum_{colindex=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{colindex}-\\frac{1}{colindex+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{colindex+2}\\right) \\\\\n= & \\lim _{highlim \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{3}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n& \\left.+\\cdots+\\left(\\frac{1}{highlim}-\\frac{1}{highlim+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{highlim}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n= & \\lim _{highlim \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1 \\cdot\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\left(\\frac{1}{4}+\\frac{1}{5}\\right)+\\frac{1}{4}\\left(\\frac{1}{5}+\\frac{1}{6}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n+ & \\left.\\frac{1}{highlim}\\left(\\frac{1}{highlim+1}+\\frac{1}{highlim+2}\\right)-\\frac{1}{highlim+1}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{highlim-1}\\right)-\\frac{1}{highlim+2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{highlim}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{6+3+2}{6}+\\frac{12+6+4+3}{2 \\cdot 12}+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 4}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 5}+\\cdots\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 5}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 6}+\\cdots\\right) \\\\\n& =\\frac{11}{6}+\\frac{25}{24}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)=\\frac{7}{2} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nThus \\( completesum=7 / 4 \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_confusing": {
      "map": {
        "S": "banyantree",
        "m": "sandcastle",
        "n": "rabbitfoot",
        "k": "moonlight",
        "h": "dreamscape"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-2\nExpress\n\\[\n\\sum_{rabbitfoot=1}^{\\infty} \\sum_{sandcastle=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{sandcastle^{2} rabbitfoot+sandcastle rabbitfoot^{2}+2 sandcastle rabbitfoot}\n\\]\nas a rational number.",
      "solution": "B-2.\nLet \\( banyantree \\) be the desired sum. Then\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nbanyantree & =\\sum_{rabbitfoot=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{rabbitfoot} \\sum_{sandcastle=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+2}\\left(\\frac{1}{sandcastle}-\\frac{1}{sandcastle+rabbitfoot+2}\\right) \\\\\n& =\\sum_{rabbitfoot=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{rabbitfoot(rabbitfoot+2)}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+4}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3}-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+5}\\right)+\\cdots\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{1}{2} \\sum_{rabbitfoot=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot}-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+2}\\right)\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+4}\\right)+\\cdots\\right]\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nHence\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n2 banyantree= & \\sum_{rabbitfoot=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot}-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+2}\\right) \\lim _{moonlight \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+2}-\\frac{1}{moonlight}-\\frac{1}{moonlight+1}-\\cdots-\\frac{1}{moonlight+rabbitfoot+1}\\right] \\\\\n= & \\sum_{rabbitfoot=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot}-\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{rabbitfoot+2}\\right) \\\\\n= & \\lim _{dreamscape \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{3}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n& \\left.+\\cdots+\\left(\\frac{1}{dreamscape}-\\frac{1}{dreamscape+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{dreamscape}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n= & \\lim _{dreamscape \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1 \\cdot\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\left(\\frac{1}{4}+\\frac{1}{5}\\right)+\\frac{1}{4}\\left(\\frac{1}{5}+\\frac{1}{6}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n+ & \\left.\\frac{1}{dreamscape}\\left(\\frac{1}{dreamscape+1}+\\frac{1}{dreamscape+2}\\right)-\\frac{1}{dreamscape+1}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{dreamscape-1}\\right)-\\frac{1}{dreamscape+2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{dreamscape}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{6+3+2}{6}+\\frac{12+6+4+3}{2 \\cdot 12}+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 4}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 5}+\\cdots\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 5}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 6}+\\cdots\\right) \\\\\n& =\\frac{11}{6}+\\frac{25}{24}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)=\\frac{7}{2} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nThus \\( banyantree=7 / 4 \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_misleading": {
      "map": {
        "S": "emptiness",
        "m": "fractionalcount",
        "n": "imaginaryvalue",
        "k": "irrationalindex",
        "h": "continuousvar"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-2\nExpress\n\\[\n\\sum_{\\imaginaryvalue=1}^{\\infty} \\sum_{\\fractionalcount=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{\\fractionalcount^{2} \\imaginaryvalue+\\fractionalcount \\imaginaryvalue^{2}+2 \\fractionalcount \\imaginaryvalue}\n\\]\nas a rational number.",
      "solution": "B-2.\nLet \\( \\emptiness \\) be the desired sum. Then\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\emptiness & =\\sum_{\\imaginaryvalue=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue} \\sum_{\\fractionalcount=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+2}\\left(\\frac{1}{\\fractionalcount}-\\frac{1}{\\fractionalcount+\\imaginaryvalue+2}\\right) \\\\\n& =\\sum_{\\imaginaryvalue=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue(\\imaginaryvalue+2)}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+4}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3}-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+5}\\right)+\\cdots\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{1}{2} \\sum_{\\imaginaryvalue=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue}-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+2}\\right)\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+4}\\right)+\\cdots\\right]\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nHence\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n2 \\emptiness = & \\sum_{\\imaginaryvalue=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue}-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+2}\\right) \\lim _{\\irrationalindex \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+2}-\\frac{1}{\\irrationalindex}-\\frac{1}{\\irrationalindex+1}-\\cdots-\\frac{1}{\\irrationalindex+\\imaginaryvalue+1}\\right] \\\\\n= & \\sum_{\\imaginaryvalue=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue}-\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{\\imaginaryvalue+2}\\right) \\\\\n= & \\lim _{\\continuousvar \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{3}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n& \\left.+\\cdots+\\left(\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar}-\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n= & \\lim _{\\continuousvar \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1 \\cdot\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\left(\\frac{1}{4}+\\frac{1}{5}\\right)+\\frac{1}{4}\\left(\\frac{1}{5}+\\frac{1}{6}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n+ & \\left.\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar}\\left(\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar+1}+\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar+2}\\right)-\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar+1}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar-1}\\right)-\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar+2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{\\continuousvar}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{6+3+2}{6}+\\frac{12+6+4+3}{2 \\cdot 12}+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 4}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 5}+\\cdots\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 5}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 6}+\\cdots\\right) \\\\\n& =\\frac{11}{6}+\\frac{25}{24}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)=\\frac{7}{2} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nThus \\( \\emptiness = 7 / 4 \\)."
    },
    "garbled_string": {
      "map": {
        "S": "qzxwvtnp",
        "m": "hjgrksla",
        "n": "vbdcmfqe",
        "k": "tspjnaro",
        "h": "lwmqznde"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-2\nExpress\n\\[\n\\sum_{vbdcmfqe=1}^{\\infty} \\sum_{hjgrksla=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{hjgrksla^{2} vbdcmfqe+hjgrksla vbdcmfqe^{2}+2 hjgrksla vbdcmfqe}\n\\]\nas a rational number.",
      "solution": "B-2.\nLet \\( qzxwvtnp \\) be the desired sum. Then\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nqzxwvtnp & =\\sum_{vbdcmfqe=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe} \\sum_{hjgrksla=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+2}\\left(\\frac{1}{hjgrksla}-\\frac{1}{hjgrksla+vbdcmfqe+2}\\right) \\\\\n& =\\sum_{vbdcmfqe=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe(vbdcmfqe+2)}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+4}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3}-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+5}\\right)+\\cdots\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{1}{2} \\sum_{vbdcmfqe=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe}-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+2}\\right)\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+4}\\right)+\\cdots\\right]\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nHence\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n2 qzxwvtnp= & \\sum_{vbdcmfqe=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe}-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+2}\\right) \\lim _{tspjnaro \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+2}-\\frac{1}{tspjnaro}-\\frac{1}{tspjnaro+1}-\\cdots-\\frac{1}{tspjnaro+vbdcmfqe+1}\\right] \\\\\n= & \\sum_{vbdcmfqe=1}^{\\infty}\\left(\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe}-\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{vbdcmfqe+2}\\right) \\\\\n= & \\lim _{lwmqznde \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\left(1-\\frac{1}{3}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{2}-\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n& \\left.+\\cdots+\\left(\\frac{1}{lwmqznde}-\\frac{1}{lwmqznde+2}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{lwmqznde}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n= & \\lim _{lwmqznde \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[1 \\cdot\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}\\right)+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\left(\\frac{1}{4}+\\frac{1}{5}\\right)+\\frac{1}{4}\\left(\\frac{1}{5}+\\frac{1}{6}\\right)\\right. \\\\\n+ & \\left.\\frac{1}{lwmqznde}\\left(\\frac{1}{lwmqznde+1}+\\frac{1}{lwmqznde+2}\\right)-\\frac{1}{lwmqznde+1}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{lwmqznde-1}\\right)-\\frac{1}{lwmqznde+2}\\left(1+\\frac{1}{2}+\\cdots+\\frac{1}{lwmqznde}\\right)\\right] \\\\\n& =\\frac{6+3+2}{6}+\\frac{12+6+4+3}{2 \\cdot 12}+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 4}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 5}+\\cdots\\right)+\\left(\\frac{1}{3 \\cdot 5}+\\frac{1}{4 \\cdot 6}+\\cdots\\right) \\\\\n& =\\frac{11}{6}+\\frac{25}{24}+\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{1}{3}+\\frac{1}{4}\\right)=\\frac{7}{2} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nThus \\( qzxwvtnp=7 / 4 \\)."
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Evaluate the triple series  \n\n\\[\nT\\;=\\;\\sum_{m=1}^{\\infty}\\;\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}\\;\\sum_{p=1}^{\\infty}\n\\frac{6}{\\,m\\,n\\,p\\,(m+n+p+3)}\n\\]\n\nand express the result as a reduced rational number.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------",
      "solution": "Step 1.  An integral representation for the “harmonic‐type” denominator  \nFor every non–negative integer \\(N\\)\n\n\\[\n\\frac1{N+1}\\;=\\;\\int_{0}^{1}x^{N}\\,dx .\n\\]\n\nWith \\(N=m+n+p+2\\) we therefore have  \n\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{m+n+p+3}\\;=\\;\\int_{0}^{1}x^{m+n+p+2}\\,dx .\n\\]\n\nStep 2.  Interchange the order of summation and integration  \nBecause every summand is positive, Fubini’s theorem justifies\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT\n&=6\\sum_{m,n,p\\ge 1}\\frac{1}{m\\,n\\,p}\\int_{0}^{1}x^{m+n+p+2}\\,dx \\\\\n&=6\\int_{0}^{1}x^{2}\\Bigl(\\sum_{m\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{m}}{m}\\Bigr)\n                \\Bigl(\\sum_{n\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{n}}{n}\\Bigr)\n                \\Bigl(\\sum_{p\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{p}}{p}\\Bigr)\\,dx .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nStep 3.  Recognise the logarithmic generating function  \nFor \\(|x|<1\\),\n\n\\[\n\\sum_{k\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{k}}{k}=-\\ln(1-x).\n\\]\n\nHence  \n\n\\[\nT=6\\int_{0}^{1}x^{2}\\bigl[-\\ln(1-x)\\bigr]^{3}\\,dx.\n\\]\n\nStep 4.  Convert to a Beta–type integral  \nSubstitute \\(y=1-x\\;(x=1-y,\\;dx=-dy)\\):\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT\n&=6\\int_{1}^{0}(1-y)^{2}\\bigl[-\\ln y\\bigr]^{3}(-dy) \\\\\n&=6\\int_{0}^{1}(1-y)^{2}\\bigl[-\\ln y\\bigr]^{3}\\,dy.\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nStep 5.  Laplace transform evaluation  \nLet \\(t=-\\ln y\\;(y=e^{-t},\\;dy=-e^{-t}dt)\\); then\n\n\\[\n(1-y)^{2}=(1-e^{-t})^{2},\\qquad -\\ln y = t ,\n\\]\n\nso\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT&=6\\int_{0}^{\\infty}\\bigl(1-e^{-t}\\bigr)^{2}t^{3}e^{-t}\\,dt  \\\\\n  &=6\\int_{0}^{\\infty}\\!\\!\\left[t^{3}e^{-t}-2t^{3}e^{-2t}+t^{3}e^{-3t}\\right]dt .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nFor \\(\\alpha>0\\), \\(\\displaystyle\\int_{0}^{\\infty}t^{3}e^{-\\alpha t}\\,dt=\\frac{3!}{\\alpha^{4}}=\\frac{6}{\\alpha^{4}}\\).  Applying this with \\(\\alpha=1,2,3\\):\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT&=6\\Bigl(\\frac{6}{1^{4}}-2\\cdot\\frac{6}{2^{4}}+\\frac{6}{3^{4}}\\Bigr)  \\\\\n  &=6\\Bigl(6-\\frac{12}{16}+\\frac{6}{81}\\Bigr)                     \\\\\n  &=6\\left(6-\\frac{3}{4}+\\frac{2}{27}\\right).\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nStep 6.  Collect rational terms  \n\\[\n6-\\frac34+\\frac{2}{27}\n   =\\frac{648}{108}-\\frac{81}{108}+\\frac{8}{108}\n   =\\frac{575}{108}.\n\\]\n\nTherefore  \n\n\\[\nT = 6\\;\\cdot\\;\\frac{575}{108}\\;=\\;\\frac{575}{18}.\n\\]\n\nBecause \\(\\gcd(575,18)=1\\), this fraction is already reduced.\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\displaystyle T=\\frac{575}{18}}\n\\]\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------",
      "metadata": {
        "replaced_from": "harder_variant",
        "replacement_date": "2025-07-14T19:09:31.636643",
        "was_fixed": false,
        "difficulty_analysis": "1. Dimensional escalation  \n   • The original task involved a double series; here the summation is **triple**, substantially enlarging both the combinatorial range and the analytic difficulty.\n\n2. Additional structural layers  \n   • The denominator now contains the full product \\(m n p\\) as well as the additive term \\(m+n+p+3\\), intertwining multiplicative and additive behaviour of three independent indices.\n\n3. Necessity of advanced analytic tools  \n   • The solution requires recognising and deploying an **integral representation** for the reciprocal of a linear form, converting the triple sum into a single integral of a cubic power of a logarithm.  \n   • Evaluation calls for knowledge of the **Gamma/Laplace transform** formula \\(\\int_0^{\\infty} t^{k}e^{-\\alpha t}dt=k!/\\alpha^{k+1}\\).\n\n4. Multi-step synthesis  \n   • The solver must pass through: (i) Fubini interchange, (ii) generating‐function identification, (iii) substitution to a Beta integral, (iv) Laplace transform evaluation, and (v) exact rational simplification—far more steps than the original double–series telescoping trick.\n\n5. Increased algebraic complexity  \n   • Handling \\((1-e^{-t})^{2}\\,t^{3}e^{-t}\\) and coordinating three separate exponential integrals demands careful algebra that is absent from the original problem.\n\nCollectively, these elements render the enhanced variant **significantly harder** than both the original and the existing kernel variant, satisfying all requested amplification criteria."
      }
    },
    "original_kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Evaluate the triple series  \n\n\\[\nT\\;=\\;\\sum_{m=1}^{\\infty}\\;\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}\\;\\sum_{p=1}^{\\infty}\n\\frac{6}{\\,m\\,n\\,p\\,(m+n+p+3)}\n\\]\n\nand express the result as a reduced rational number.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------",
      "solution": "Step 1.  An integral representation for the “harmonic‐type” denominator  \nFor every non–negative integer \\(N\\)\n\n\\[\n\\frac1{N+1}\\;=\\;\\int_{0}^{1}x^{N}\\,dx .\n\\]\n\nWith \\(N=m+n+p+2\\) we therefore have  \n\n\\[\n\\frac{1}{m+n+p+3}\\;=\\;\\int_{0}^{1}x^{m+n+p+2}\\,dx .\n\\]\n\nStep 2.  Interchange the order of summation and integration  \nBecause every summand is positive, Fubini’s theorem justifies\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT\n&=6\\sum_{m,n,p\\ge 1}\\frac{1}{m\\,n\\,p}\\int_{0}^{1}x^{m+n+p+2}\\,dx \\\\\n&=6\\int_{0}^{1}x^{2}\\Bigl(\\sum_{m\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{m}}{m}\\Bigr)\n                \\Bigl(\\sum_{n\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{n}}{n}\\Bigr)\n                \\Bigl(\\sum_{p\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{p}}{p}\\Bigr)\\,dx .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nStep 3.  Recognise the logarithmic generating function  \nFor \\(|x|<1\\),\n\n\\[\n\\sum_{k\\ge 1}\\frac{x^{k}}{k}=-\\ln(1-x).\n\\]\n\nHence  \n\n\\[\nT=6\\int_{0}^{1}x^{2}\\bigl[-\\ln(1-x)\\bigr]^{3}\\,dx.\n\\]\n\nStep 4.  Convert to a Beta–type integral  \nSubstitute \\(y=1-x\\;(x=1-y,\\;dx=-dy)\\):\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT\n&=6\\int_{1}^{0}(1-y)^{2}\\bigl[-\\ln y\\bigr]^{3}(-dy) \\\\\n&=6\\int_{0}^{1}(1-y)^{2}\\bigl[-\\ln y\\bigr]^{3}\\,dy.\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nStep 5.  Laplace transform evaluation  \nLet \\(t=-\\ln y\\;(y=e^{-t},\\;dy=-e^{-t}dt)\\); then\n\n\\[\n(1-y)^{2}=(1-e^{-t})^{2},\\qquad -\\ln y = t ,\n\\]\n\nso\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT&=6\\int_{0}^{\\infty}\\bigl(1-e^{-t}\\bigr)^{2}t^{3}e^{-t}\\,dt  \\\\\n  &=6\\int_{0}^{\\infty}\\!\\!\\left[t^{3}e^{-t}-2t^{3}e^{-2t}+t^{3}e^{-3t}\\right]dt .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nFor \\(\\alpha>0\\), \\(\\displaystyle\\int_{0}^{\\infty}t^{3}e^{-\\alpha t}\\,dt=\\frac{3!}{\\alpha^{4}}=\\frac{6}{\\alpha^{4}}\\).  Applying this with \\(\\alpha=1,2,3\\):\n\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\nT&=6\\Bigl(\\frac{6}{1^{4}}-2\\cdot\\frac{6}{2^{4}}+\\frac{6}{3^{4}}\\Bigr)  \\\\\n  &=6\\Bigl(6-\\frac{12}{16}+\\frac{6}{81}\\Bigr)                     \\\\\n  &=6\\left(6-\\frac{3}{4}+\\frac{2}{27}\\right).\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n\nStep 6.  Collect rational terms  \n\\[\n6-\\frac34+\\frac{2}{27}\n   =\\frac{648}{108}-\\frac{81}{108}+\\frac{8}{108}\n   =\\frac{575}{108}.\n\\]\n\nTherefore  \n\n\\[\nT = 6\\;\\cdot\\;\\frac{575}{108}\\;=\\;\\frac{575}{18}.\n\\]\n\nBecause \\(\\gcd(575,18)=1\\), this fraction is already reduced.\n\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\displaystyle T=\\frac{575}{18}}\n\\]\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------",
      "metadata": {
        "replaced_from": "harder_variant",
        "replacement_date": "2025-07-14T01:37:45.506442",
        "was_fixed": false,
        "difficulty_analysis": "1. Dimensional escalation  \n   • The original task involved a double series; here the summation is **triple**, substantially enlarging both the combinatorial range and the analytic difficulty.\n\n2. Additional structural layers  \n   • The denominator now contains the full product \\(m n p\\) as well as the additive term \\(m+n+p+3\\), intertwining multiplicative and additive behaviour of three independent indices.\n\n3. Necessity of advanced analytic tools  \n   • The solution requires recognising and deploying an **integral representation** for the reciprocal of a linear form, converting the triple sum into a single integral of a cubic power of a logarithm.  \n   • Evaluation calls for knowledge of the **Gamma/Laplace transform** formula \\(\\int_0^{\\infty} t^{k}e^{-\\alpha t}dt=k!/\\alpha^{k+1}\\).\n\n4. Multi-step synthesis  \n   • The solver must pass through: (i) Fubini interchange, (ii) generating‐function identification, (iii) substitution to a Beta integral, (iv) Laplace transform evaluation, and (v) exact rational simplification—far more steps than the original double–series telescoping trick.\n\n5. Increased algebraic complexity  \n   • Handling \\((1-e^{-t})^{2}\\,t^{3}e^{-t}\\) and coordinating three separate exponential integrals demands careful algebra that is absent from the original problem.\n\nCollectively, these elements render the enhanced variant **significantly harder** than both the original and the existing kernel variant, satisfying all requested amplification criteria."
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "calculation",
  "iteratively_fixed": true
}