{
  "index": "1983-B-1",
  "type": "GEO",
  "tag": [
    "GEO"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "Problem B-1\n\nLet \\( v \\) be a vertex (corner) of a cube \\( C \\) with edges of length 4. Let \\( S \\) be the largest sphere that can be inscribed in \\( C \\). Let \\( R \\) be the region consisting of all points \\( p \\) between \\( S \\) and \\( C \\) such that \\( p \\) is closer to \\( v \\) than to any other vertex of the cube. Find the volume of \\( R \\).",
  "solution": "B-1.\nThe diameter of \\( S \\) must be 4 and \\( S \\) must be centered at the center of \\( C \\). The set of points inside \\( C \\) nearer to \\( v \\) than to another vertex \\( w \\) is the part of that half-space, bounded by the perpendicular bisector of the segment \\( v w \\), containing \\( v \\) which lies within \\( C \\). The intersection of these sets is a cube \\( C^{\\prime} \\) bounded by the three facial planes of \\( C \\) through \\( v \\) and the three planes which are perpendicular bisectors of the edges of \\( C \\) at \\( v \\). These last 3 planes are planes of symmetry for \\( C \\) and \\( S \\). Hence \\( R \\) is one of 8 disjoint congruent regions whose union is the set of points between \\( S \\) and \\( C \\), excepting those on the 3 planes of symmetry. Therefore\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n8 \\operatorname{vol}(R) & =\\operatorname{vol}(C)-\\operatorname{vol}(S)=4^{3}-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3} \\cdot 2^{3} \\\\\n\\operatorname{vol}(R) & =8-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3}\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]",
  "vars": [
    "v",
    "C",
    "S",
    "R",
    "p",
    "w"
  ],
  "params": [],
  "sci_consts": [],
  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "v": "vertexone",
        "C": "maincube",
        "S": "insphereset",
        "R": "nearvertexregion",
        "p": "samplepoint",
        "w": "othervertex"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\n\nLet \\( vertexone \\) be a vertex (corner) of a cube \\( maincube \\) with edges of length 4. Let \\( insphereset \\) be the largest sphere that can be inscribed in \\( maincube \\). Let \\( nearvertexregion \\) be the region consisting of all points \\( samplepoint \\) between \\( insphereset \\) and \\( maincube \\) such that \\( samplepoint \\) is closer to \\( vertexone \\) than to any other vertex of the cube. Find the volume of \\( nearvertexregion \\).",
      "solution": "B-1.\nThe diameter of \\( insphereset \\) must be 4 and \\( insphereset \\) must be centered at the center of \\( maincube \\). The set of points inside \\( maincube \\) nearer to \\( vertexone \\) than to another vertex \\( othervertex \\) is the part of that half-space, bounded by the perpendicular bisector of the segment \\( vertexone othervertex \\), containing \\( vertexone \\) which lies within \\( maincube \\). The intersection of these sets is a cube \\( maincube^{\\prime} \\) bounded by the three facial planes of \\( maincube \\) through \\( vertexone \\) and the three planes which are perpendicular bisectors of the edges of \\( maincube \\) at \\( vertexone \\). These last 3 planes are planes of symmetry for \\( maincube \\) and \\( insphereset \\). Hence \\( nearvertexregion \\) is one of 8 disjoint congruent regions whose union is the set of points between \\( insphereset \\) and \\( maincube \\), excepting those on the 3 planes of symmetry. Therefore\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n8 \\operatorname{vol}(nearvertexregion) & =\\operatorname{vol}(maincube)-\\operatorname{vol}(insphereset)=4^{3}-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3} \\cdot 2^{3} \\\\\n\\operatorname{vol}(nearvertexregion) & =8-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3}\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]"
    },
    "descriptive_long_confusing": {
      "map": {
        "v": "lighthouse",
        "C": "treasurebox",
        "S": "tangerine",
        "R": "footbridge",
        "p": "driftwood",
        "w": "doorknob"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\n\nLet \\( lighthouse \\) be a vertex (corner) of a cube \\( treasurebox \\) with edges of length 4. Let \\( tangerine \\) be the largest sphere that can be inscribed in \\( treasurebox \\). Let \\( footbridge \\) be the region consisting of all points \\( driftwood \\) between \\( tangerine \\) and \\( treasurebox \\) such that \\( driftwood \\) is closer to \\( lighthouse \\) than to any other vertex of the cube. Find the volume of \\( footbridge \\).",
      "solution": "B-1.\nThe diameter of \\( tangerine \\) must be 4 and \\( tangerine \\) must be centered at the center of \\( treasurebox \\). The set of points inside \\( treasurebox \\) nearer to \\( lighthouse \\) than to another vertex \\( doorknob \\) is the part of that half-space, bounded by the perpendicular bisector of the segment \\( lighthouse doorknob \\), containing \\( lighthouse \\) which lies within \\( treasurebox \\). The intersection of these sets is a cube \\( treasurebox^{\\prime} \\) bounded by the three facial planes of \\( treasurebox \\) through \\( lighthouse \\) and the three planes which are perpendicular bisectors of the edges of \\( treasurebox \\) at \\( lighthouse \\). These last 3 planes are planes of symmetry for \\( treasurebox \\) and \\( tangerine \\). Hence \\( footbridge \\) is one of 8 disjoint congruent regions whose union is the set of points between \\( tangerine \\) and \\( treasurebox \\), excepting those on the 3 planes of symmetry. Therefore\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n8 \\operatorname{vol}(footbridge) & =\\operatorname{vol}(treasurebox)-\\operatorname{vol}(tangerine)=4^{3}-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3} \\cdot 2^{3} \\\\\n\\operatorname{vol}(footbridge) & =8-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3}\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]"
    },
    "descriptive_long_misleading": {
      "map": {
        "v": "centroidpoint",
        "C": "sphereregion",
        "S": "boxvolume",
        "R": "voidspace",
        "p": "linesegment",
        "w": "facecenter"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\n\nLet \\( centroidpoint \\) be a vertex (corner) of a cube \\( sphereregion \\) with edges of length 4. Let \\( boxvolume \\) be the largest sphere that can be inscribed in \\( sphereregion \\). Let \\( voidspace \\) be the region consisting of all points \\( linesegment \\) between \\( boxvolume \\) and \\( sphereregion \\) such that \\( linesegment \\) is closer to \\( centroidpoint \\) than to any other vertex of the cube. Find the volume of \\( voidspace \\).",
      "solution": "B-1.\nThe diameter of \\( boxvolume \\) must be 4 and \\( boxvolume \\) must be centered at the center of \\( sphereregion \\). The set of points inside \\( sphereregion \\) nearer to \\( centroidpoint \\) than to another vertex \\( facecenter \\) is the part of that half-space, bounded by the perpendicular bisector of the segment \\( centroidpoint facecenter \\), containing \\( centroidpoint \\) which lies within \\( sphereregion \\). The intersection of these sets is a cube \\( sphereregion^{\\prime} \\) bounded by the three facial planes of \\( sphereregion \\) through \\( centroidpoint \\) and the three planes which are perpendicular bisectors of the edges of \\( sphereregion \\) at \\( centroidpoint \\). These last 3 planes are planes of symmetry for \\( sphereregion \\) and \\( boxvolume \\). Hence \\( voidspace \\) is one of 8 disjoint congruent regions whose union is the set of points between \\( boxvolume \\) and \\( sphereregion \\), excepting those on the 3 planes of symmetry. Therefore\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n8 \\operatorname{vol}(voidspace) & =\\operatorname{vol}(sphereregion)-\\operatorname{vol}(boxvolume)=4^{3}-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3} \\cdot 2^{3} \\\\\n\\operatorname{vol}(voidspace) & =8-\\frac{4 \\pi}{3}\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n"
    },
    "garbled_string": {
      "map": {
        "v": "qzxwvtnp",
        "C": "hjgrksla",
        "S": "mbnclqwe",
        "R": "sdyfptue",
        "p": "klmtrqaz",
        "w": "nvbhdser"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\n\nLet \\( qzxwvtnp \\) be a vertex (corner) of a cube \\( hjgrksla \\) with edges of length 4. Let \\( mbnclqwe \\) be the largest sphere that can be inscribed in \\( hjgrksla \\). Let \\( sdyfptue \\) be the region consisting of all points \\( klmtrqaz \\) between \\( mbnclqwe \\) and \\( hjgrksla \\) such that \\( klmtrqaz \\) is closer to \\( qzxwvtnp \\) than to any other vertex of the cube. Find the volume of \\( sdyfptue \\).",
      "solution": "B-1.\nThe diameter of \\( mbnclqwe \\) must be 4 and \\( mbnclqwe \\) must be centered at the center of \\( hjgrksla \\). The set of points inside \\( hjgrksla \\) nearer to \\( qzxwvtnp \\) than to another vertex \\( nvbhdser \\) is the part of that half-space, bounded by the perpendicular bisector of the segment \\( qzxwvtnp nvbhdser \\), containing \\( qzxwvtnp \\) which lies within \\( hjgrksla \\). The intersection of these sets is a cube \\( hjgrksla^{\\prime} \\) bounded by the three facial planes of \\( hjgrksla \\) through \\( qzxwvtnp \\) and the three planes which are perpendicular bisectors of the edges of \\( hjgrksla \\) at \\( qzxwvtnp \\). These last 3 planes are planes of symmetry for \\( hjgrksla \\) and \\( mbnclqwe \\). Hence \\( sdyfptue \\) is one of 8 disjoint congruent regions whose union is the set of points between \\( mbnclqwe \\) and \\( hjgrksla \\), excepting those on the 3 planes of symmetry. Therefore\n\\[\n\\begin{aligned}\n8 \\operatorname{vol}(sdyfptue) & = \\operatorname{vol}(hjgrksla) - \\operatorname{vol}(mbnclqwe) = 4^{3} - \\frac{4 \\pi}{3} \\cdot 2^{3} \\\\\n\\operatorname{vol}(sdyfptue) & = 8 - \\frac{4 \\pi}{3}\n\\end{aligned}\n\\]\n"
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let v be a vertex of a 4-dimensional hyper-cube Q whose edge length is 8. Let D be the largest 4-dimensional sphere (4-ball) that can be inscribed in Q. Define R to be the set of all points p that lie between D and Q and are closer to v than to any other vertex of the hyper-cube.  Find the 4-dimensional volume (hyper-volume) of R.",
      "solution": "Because the inscribed 4-sphere D must touch every facet, its center coincides with the center of Q, so its radius is half the edge length,  \nr = 8⁄2 = 4.\n\nStep 1. (Inscribed 4-sphere)  \nVol(D) = (π²⁄2) r⁴ = (π²⁄2)·4⁴ = 128 π².\n\nStep 2. (Voronoi cell of a vertex)  \nPlace Q = [0,8]⁴ with v = (0,0,0,0). For each coordinate axis the perpendicular bisector of the edge through v is the hyper-plane xᵢ = 4. The half-spaces xᵢ ≤ 4 carve out the smaller hyper-cube Q′ = [0,4]⁴, exactly the set of points in Q nearer to v than to any other vertex.\n\nStep 3. (Symmetry)  \nThe four bisector hyper-planes partition the shell Q \\ D into 2⁴ = 16 congruent parts because they are symmetry hyper-planes for both Q and D.\n\nStep 4. (Target region)  \nRegion R is one of those sixteen parts, so  \nVol(R) = (Vol(Q) − Vol(D))⁄16  \n    = (8⁴ − 128 π²)⁄16  \n    = 256 − 8 π².  \n\nThus the desired hyper-volume is 256 − 8π².",
      "_replacement_note": {
        "replaced_at": "2025-07-05T22:17:12.101165",
        "reason": "Original kernel variant was too easy compared to the original problem"
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "calculation"
}