{
  "index": "1988-A-1",
  "type": "GEO",
  "tag": [
    "GEO",
    "ALG"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "Let $R$ be the region consisting of the points $(x,y)$ of the\ncartesian plane satisfying both $|x|-|y| \\leq 1$ and $|y| \\leq 1$.\nSketch the region $R$ and find its area.",
  "solution": "Solution. The part of \\( R \\) in the first quadrant is defined by the inequalities \\( x \\geq 0 \\), \\( 0 \\leq y \\leq 1 \\), and \\( x-y \\leq 1 \\). This is the trapezoid \\( T \\) with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(2,1) \\), \\( (0,1) \\). It is the union of the unit square with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1) \\) and the half-square (triangle) with vertices \\( (1,0),(2,1),(1,1) \\), so the area of \\( T \\) is \\( 3 / 2 \\). The parts of \\( R \\) in the other quadrant are obtained by symmetry, reflecting \\( T \\) in both axes (see Figure 5), so the area of \\( R \\) is \\( 4(3 / 2)=6 \\).",
  "vars": [
    "x",
    "y"
  ],
  "params": [
    "R",
    "T"
  ],
  "sci_consts": [],
  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "x": "horizcoor",
        "y": "verticcoor",
        "R": "regionarea",
        "T": "trapezoidzone"
      },
      "question": "Let $regionarea$ be the region consisting of the points $(horizcoor,verticcoor)$ of the\ncartesian plane satisfying both $|horizcoor|-|verticcoor| \\leq 1$ and $|verticcoor| \\leq 1$.\nSketch the region $regionarea$ and find its area.",
      "solution": "Solution. The part of \\( regionarea \\) in the first quadrant is defined by the inequalities \\( horizcoor \\geq 0 \\), \\( 0 \\leq verticcoor \\leq 1 \\), and \\( horizcoor-verticcoor \\leq 1 \\). This is the trapezoid \\( trapezoidzone \\) with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(2,1) \\), \\( (0,1) \\). It is the union of the unit square with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1) \\) and the half-square (triangle) with vertices \\( (1,0),(2,1),(1,1) \\), so the area of \\( trapezoidzone \\) is \\( 3 / 2 \\). The parts of \\( regionarea \\) in the other quadrant are obtained by symmetry, reflecting \\( trapezoidzone \\) in both axes (see Figure 5), so the area of \\( regionarea \\) is \\( 4(3 / 2)=6 \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_confusing": {
      "map": {
        "x": "cinnamon",
        "y": "topazstone",
        "R": "atlasfield",
        "T": "beaconzone"
      },
      "question": "Let $atlasfield$ be the region consisting of the points $(cinnamon,topazstone)$ of the\ncartesian plane satisfying both $|cinnamon|-|topazstone| \\leq 1$ and $|topazstone| \\leq 1$.\nSketch the region $atlasfield$ and find its area.",
      "solution": "Solution. The part of \\( atlasfield \\) in the first quadrant is defined by the inequalities \\( cinnamon \\geq 0 \\), \\( 0 \\leq topazstone \\leq 1 \\), and \\( cinnamon-topazstone \\leq 1 \\). This is the trapezoid \\( beaconzone \\) with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(2,1) \\), \\( (0,1) \\). It is the union of the unit square with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1) \\) and the half-square (triangle) with vertices \\( (1,0),(2,1),(1,1) \\), so the area of \\( beaconzone \\) is \\( 3 / 2 \\). The parts of \\( atlasfield \\) in the other quadrant are obtained by symmetry, reflecting \\( beaconzone \\) in both axes (see Figure 5), so the area of \\( atlasfield \\) is \\( 4(3 / 2)=6 \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_misleading": {
      "map": {
        "x": "verticalaxis",
        "y": "horizontalaxis",
        "R": "singlepoint",
        "T": "roundfigure"
      },
      "question": "Let $singlepoint$ be the region consisting of the points $(verticalaxis,horizontalaxis)$ of the\ncartesian plane satisfying both $|verticalaxis|-|horizontalaxis| \\leq 1$ and $|horizontalaxis| \\leq 1$.\nSketch the region $singlepoint$ and find its area.",
      "solution": "Solution. The part of \\( singlepoint \\) in the first quadrant is defined by the inequalities \\( verticalaxis \\geq 0 \\), \\( 0 \\leq horizontalaxis \\leq 1 \\), and \\( verticalaxis-horizontalaxis \\leq 1 \\). This is the trapezoid \\( roundfigure \\) with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(2,1) \\), \\( (0,1) \\). It is the union of the unit square with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1) \\) and the half-square (triangle) with vertices \\( (1,0),(2,1),(1,1) \\), so the area of \\( roundfigure \\) is \\( 3 / 2 \\). The parts of \\( singlepoint \\) in the other quadrant are obtained by symmetry, reflecting \\( roundfigure \\) in both axes (see Figure 5), so the area of \\( singlepoint \\) is \\( 4(3 / 2)=6 \\)."
    },
    "garbled_string": {
      "map": {
        "x": "qzxwvtnp",
        "y": "hjgrksla",
        "R": "nbblzdyd",
        "T": "xlgqmrft"
      },
      "question": "Let $nbblzdyd$ be the region consisting of the points $(qzxwvtnp,hjgrksla)$ of the\ncartesian plane satisfying both $|qzxwvtnp|-|hjgrksla| \\leq 1$ and $|hjgrksla| \\leq 1$.\nSketch the region $nbblzdyd$ and find its area.",
      "solution": "Solution. The part of \\( nbblzdyd \\) in the first quadrant is defined by the inequalities \\( qzxwvtnp \\geq 0 \\), \\( 0 \\leq hjgrksla \\leq 1 \\), and \\( qzxwvtnp-hjgrksla \\leq 1 \\). This is the trapezoid \\( xlgqmrft \\) with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(2,1) \\), \\( (0,1) \\). It is the union of the unit square with vertices \\( (0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1) \\) and the half-square (triangle) with vertices \\( (1,0),(2,1),(1,1) \\), so the area of \\( xlgqmrft \\) is \\( 3 / 2 \\). The parts of \\( nbblzdyd \\) in the other quadrant are obtained by symmetry, reflecting \\( xlgqmrft \\) in both axes (see Figure 5), so the area of \\( nbblzdyd \\) is \\( 4(3 / 2)=6 \\)."
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let R be the set of points (x, y, z) in ℝ³ satisfying  \nx ≥ 0, |y| ≤ 2, |z| ≤ 1, and |x| − |y| + |z| ≤ 3.  \nSketch the solid R and compute its volume.",
      "solution": "Step 1. Symmetry reduction.  \nBecause the conditions contain |y| and |z| but already fix x ≥ 0, R is symmetric about the coordinate planes y = 0 and z = 0.  Hence we work in the first octant (x,y,z ≥ 0) and later multiply the result by 4.\n\nStep 2. Inequalities in the first octant.  \nWith y,z ≥ 0 we have |y|=y, |z|=z, so  \n0 ≤ y ≤ 2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1, x − y + z ≤ 3, x ≥ 0,  \ni.e. 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 + y − z.\n\nStep 3. Volume in the first octant.  \nV₁ = ∫₀² ∫₀¹ (3 + y − z) dz dy.  \nIntegrate in z: ∫₀¹(3 + y) dz − ∫₀¹z dz = (3 + y)(1) − ½ = 2.5 + y.  \nNow integrate in y: ∫₀²(2.5 + y) dy = 2·2.5 + ½·2² = 5 + 2 = 7.\n\nStep 4. Recover the whole solid.  \nReflecting across y=0 and z=0 gives four congruent pieces, so  \nVol(R)=4·V₁ = 4·7 = 28.\n\nTherefore, the volume of R is 28.",
      "_replacement_note": {
        "replaced_at": "2025-07-05T22:17:12.155484",
        "reason": "Original kernel variant was too easy compared to the original problem"
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "calculation"
}