{
  "index": "1977-B-1",
  "type": "ANA",
  "tag": [
    "ANA",
    "ALG"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "Problem B-1\nEvaluate the infinite product\n\\[\n\\prod_{n=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{n^{3}-1}{n^{3}+1}\n\\]",
  "solution": "\\begin{array}{l}\n\\text { B-1. }\\\\\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\prod_{n=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{n^{3}-1}{n^{3}+1} & =\\lim _{k \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2^{3}-1}{2^{3}+1} \\cdot \\frac{3^{3}-1}{3^{3}+1} \\cdots \\frac{k^{3}-1}{k^{3}+1}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{k \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{1 \\cdot 7}{3 \\cdot 3} \\cdot \\frac{2 \\cdot 13}{4 \\cdot 7} \\cdot \\frac{3 \\cdot 21}{5 \\cdot 13} \\cdots \\frac{(k-1)\\left(k^{2}+k+1\\right)}{(k+1)\\left(k^{2}-k+1\\right)}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{k \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2}{3} \\cdot \\frac{k^{2}+k+1}{k(k+1)}\\right]=\\frac{2}{3} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\end{array}",
  "vars": [
    "n",
    "k"
  ],
  "params": [],
  "sci_consts": [],
  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "n": "indexer",
        "k": "cutoff"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\nEvaluate the infinite product\n\\[\n\\prod_{indexer=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{indexer^{3}-1}{indexer^{3}+1}\n\\]",
      "solution": "\\begin{array}{l}\n\\text { B-1. }\\\\\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\prod_{indexer=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{indexer^{3}-1}{indexer^{3}+1} & =\\lim _{cutoff \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2^{3}-1}{2^{3}+1} \\cdot \\frac{3^{3}-1}{3^{3}+1} \\cdots \\frac{cutoff^{3}-1}{cutoff^{3}+1}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{cutoff \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{1 \\cdot 7}{3 \\cdot 3} \\cdot \\frac{2 \\cdot 13}{4 \\cdot 7} \\cdot \\frac{3 \\cdot 21}{5 \\cdot 13} \\cdots \\frac{(cutoff-1)\\left(cutoff^{2}+cutoff+1\\right)}{(cutoff+1)\\left(cutoff^{2}-cutoff+1\\right)}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{cutoff \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2}{3} \\cdot \\frac{cutoff^{2}+cutoff+1}{cutoff(cutoff+1)}\\right]=\\frac{2}{3} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\end{array}"
    },
    "descriptive_long_confusing": {
      "map": {
        "n": "marigolds",
        "k": "ironclads"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\nEvaluate the infinite product\n\\[\n\\prod_{marigolds=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{marigolds^{3}-1}{marigolds^{3}+1}\n\\]",
      "solution": "\\begin{array}{l}\n\\text { B-1. }\\\\\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\prod_{marigolds=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{marigolds^{3}-1}{marigolds^{3}+1} & =\\lim _{ironclads \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2^{3}-1}{2^{3}+1} \\cdot \\frac{3^{3}-1}{3^{3}+1} \\cdots \\frac{ironclads^{3}-1}{ironclads^{3}+1}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{ironclads \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{1 \\cdot 7}{3 \\cdot 3} \\cdot \\frac{2 \\cdot 13}{4 \\cdot 7} \\cdot \\frac{3 \\cdot 21}{5 \\cdot 13} \\cdots \\frac{(ironclads-1)\\left(ironclads^{2}+ironclads+1\\right)}{(ironclads+1)\\left(ironclads^{2}-ironclads+1\\right)}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{ironclads \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2}{3} \\cdot \\frac{ironclads^{2}+ironclads+1}{ironclads(ironclads+1)}\\right]=\\frac{2}{3} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\end{array}"
    },
    "descriptive_long_misleading": {
      "map": {
        "n": "fixedconstant",
        "k": "boundedstop"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\nEvaluate the infinite product\n\\[\n\\prod_{fixedconstant=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{fixedconstant^{3}-1}{fixedconstant^{3}+1}\n\\]",
      "solution": "\\begin{array}{l}\n\\text { B-1. }\\\\\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\prod_{fixedconstant=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{fixedconstant^{3}-1}{fixedconstant^{3}+1} & =\\lim _{boundedstop \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2^{3}-1}{2^{3}+1} \\cdot \\frac{3^{3}-1}{3^{3}+1} \\cdots \\frac{boundedstop^{3}-1}{boundedstop^{3}+1}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{boundedstop \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{1 \\cdot 7}{3 \\cdot 3} \\cdot \\frac{2 \\cdot 13}{4 \\cdot 7} \\cdot \\frac{3 \\cdot 21}{5 \\cdot 13} \\cdots \\frac{(boundedstop-1)\\left(boundedstop^{2}+boundedstop+1\\right)}{(boundedstop+1)\\left(boundedstop^{2}-boundedstop+1\\right)}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{boundedstop \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2}{3} \\cdot \\frac{boundedstop^{2}+boundedstop+1}{boundedstop(boundedstop+1)}\\right]=\\frac{2}{3} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\end{array}"
    },
    "garbled_string": {
      "map": {
        "n": "ztqvexms",
        "k": "bfjlanpw"
      },
      "question": "Problem B-1\nEvaluate the infinite product\n\\[\n\\prod_{ztqvexms=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{ztqvexms^{3}-1}{ztqvexms^{3}+1}\n\\]",
      "solution": "\\begin{array}{l}\n\\text { B-1. }\\\\\n\\begin{aligned}\n\\prod_{ztqvexms=2}^{\\infty} \\frac{ztqvexms^{3}-1}{ztqvexms^{3}+1} & =\\lim _{bfjlanpw \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2^{3}-1}{2^{3}+1} \\cdot \\frac{3^{3}-1}{3^{3}+1} \\cdots \\frac{bfjlanpw^{3}-1}{bfjlanpw^{3}+1}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{bfjlanpw \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{1 \\cdot 7}{3 \\cdot 3} \\cdot \\frac{2 \\cdot 13}{4 \\cdot 7} \\cdot \\frac{3 \\cdot 21}{5 \\cdot 13} \\cdots \\frac{(bfjlanpw-1)\\left(bfjlanpw^{2}+bfjlanpw+1\\right)}{(bfjlanpw+1)\\left(bfjlanpw^{2}-bfjlanpw+1\\right)}\\right] \\\\\n& =\\lim _{bfjlanpw \\rightarrow \\infty}\\left[\\frac{2}{3} \\cdot \\frac{bfjlanpw^{2}+bfjlanpw+1}{bfjlanpw(bfjlanpw+1)}\\right]=\\frac{2}{3} .\n\\end{aligned}\n\\end{array}"
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Evaluate the infinite product\n\\[\n\\prod_{n=3}^{\\infty} \\frac{n^{3}-8}{n^{3}+8}.\n\\]",
      "solution": "Write the partial products\n\\[\nP_k:=\\prod_{n=3}^{k}\\frac{n^{3}-8}{n^{3}+8},\\qquad P=\\lim_{k\\to\\infty}P_k.\n\\]\n\n1. Factor each cubic:\n\\[\n n^{3}-8=(n-2)(n^{2}+2n+4),\\qquad n^{3}+8=(n+2)(n^{2}-2n+4).\n\\]\nHence\n\\[\nP_k=\\Bigl(\\prod_{n=3}^{k}\\frac{n-2}{n+2}\\Bigr)\\Bigl(\\prod_{n=3}^{k}\\frac{n^{2}+2n+4}{n^{2}-2n+4}\\Bigr).\n\\]\n\n2. Linear part:\n\\[\n\\prod_{n=3}^{k}\\frac{n-2}{n+2}=\\frac{(k-2)!}{5\\cdot6\\cdots(k+2)}=\\frac{24}{k(k-1)(k+1)(k+2)}.\n\\]\n\n3. Quadratic part. Put $A_n=n^{2}+2n+4$. Then $n^{2}-2n+4=A_{n-2}$, so\n\\[\n\\prod_{n=3}^{k}\\frac{n^{2}+2n+4}{n^{2}-2n+4}=\\frac{A_{k-1}A_k}{A_1A_2}.\n\\]\nBecause $A_1=7$, $A_2=12$, $A_{k-1}=k^{2}+3$, and $A_k=k^{2}+2k+4$, this equals\n\\[\n\\frac{(k^{2}+3)(k^{2}+2k+4)}{84}.\n\\]\n\n4. Combine:\n\\[\nP_k=\\frac{24}{k(k-1)(k+1)(k+2)}\\cdot\\frac{(k^{2}+3)(k^{2}+2k+4)}{84}=\\frac{2}{7}\\cdot\\frac{(k^{2}+3)(k^{2}+2k+4)}{k(k-1)(k+1)(k+2)}.\n\\]\nThe rational factor tends to $1$ because the numerator and denominator are quartic polynomials with the same leading coefficient. Therefore\n\\[\nP=\\lim_{k\\to\\infty}P_k=\\frac{2}{7}.\n\\]\n\nThus\n\\[\n\\boxed{\\displaystyle\\prod_{n=3}^{\\infty}\\frac{n^{3}-8}{n^{3}+8}=\\frac{2}{7}.}\n\\]",
      "_meta": {
        "core_steps": [
          "Truncate the infinite product at k and view the limit as k→∞",
          "Factor n³−1=(n−1)(n²+n+1) and n³+1=(n+1)(n²−n+1)",
          "Write the finite product as a ratio of linear and quadratic factors",
          "Observe that matching factors from successive n cancel (telescoping)",
          "After cancellations, simplify the leftover expression and take the limit"
        ],
        "mutable_slots": {
          "slot1": {
            "description": "Starting index of the product; any integer ≥2 keeps the same factorisation-and-telescoping proof",
            "original": 2
          },
          "slot2": {
            "description": "The fixed cube 1 in n³±1 may be replaced by any positive integer a (using (n³−a³)/(n³+a³) and beginning the product at n=a+1); the same factorisation and telescoping steps apply",
            "original": 1
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "calculation"
}