{
  "index": "1968-B-1",
  "type": "COMB",
  "tag": [
    "COMB",
    "ALG"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "B-1. The temperatures in Chicago and Detroit are \\( x^{\\circ} \\) and \\( y^{\\circ} \\), respectively. These temperatures are not assumed to be independent; namely, we are given:\n(i) \\( P\\left(x^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), the probability that the temperature in Chicago is \\( 70^{\\circ} \\),\n(ii) \\( P\\left(y^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), and\n(iii) \\( P\\left(\\max \\left(x^{\\circ}, y^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).\n\nDetermine \\( P\\left(\\min \\left(x^{\\circ}, y^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).",
  "solution": "B-1 Denote the four events \\( x^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, y^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, \\max \\left(x^{\\circ}, y^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\), \\( \\min \\left(x^{\\circ}, y^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\) by \\( A, B, C, D \\), respectively. Then \\( A \\cup B=C \\cup D \\), and \\( A \\cap B=C \\cap D \\). Hence \\( P(A)+P(B)=P(A \\cup B)+P(A \\cap B)=P(C \\cup D) \\) \\( +P(C \\cap D)=P(C)+P(D) \\) and \\( P\\left(\\min \\left(x^{\\circ}, y^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right)=P\\left(x^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right)+P\\left(y^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\) \\( -P\\left(\\max \\left(x^{\\circ}, y^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).",
  "vars": [
    "x",
    "y",
    "A",
    "B",
    "C",
    "D"
  ],
  "params": [
    "P"
  ],
  "sci_consts": [],
  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "x": "chitemp",
        "y": "dettemp",
        "A": "eventa",
        "B": "eventb",
        "C": "eventc",
        "D": "eventd",
        "P": "probab"
      },
      "question": "B-1. The temperatures in Chicago and Detroit are \\( chitemp^{\\circ} \\) and \\( dettemp^{\\circ} \\), respectively. These temperatures are not assumed to be independent; namely, we are given:\n(i) \\( probab\\left(chitemp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), the probability that the temperature in Chicago is \\( 70^{\\circ} \\),\n(ii) \\( probab\\left(dettemp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), and\n(iii) \\( probab\\left(\\max \\left(chitemp^{\\circ}, dettemp^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).\n\nDetermine \\( probab\\left(\\min \\left(chitemp^{\\circ}, dettemp^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).",
      "solution": "B-1 Denote the four events \\( chitemp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, dettemp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, \\max \\left(chitemp^{\\circ}, dettemp^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\), \\( \\min \\left(chitemp^{\\circ}, dettemp^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\) by \\( eventa, eventb, eventc, eventd \\), respectively. Then \\( eventa \\cup eventb=eventc \\cup eventd \\), and \\( eventa \\cap eventb=eventc \\cap eventd \\). Hence \\( probab(eventa)+probab(eventb)=probab(eventa \\cup eventb)+probab(eventa \\cap eventb)=probab(eventc \\cup eventd) \\) \\( +probab(eventc \\cap eventd)=probab(eventc)+probab(eventd) \\) and \\( probab\\left(\\min \\left(chitemp^{\\circ}, dettemp^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right)=probab\\left(chitemp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right)+probab\\left(dettemp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\) \\( -probab\\left(\\max \\left(chitemp^{\\circ}, dettemp^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_confusing": {
      "map": {
        "x": "pebblestone",
        "y": "tumbleweed",
        "A": "quartzline",
        "B": "maplecurve",
        "C": "silkypoint",
        "D": "falconridge",
        "P": "gossamer"
      },
      "question": "B-1. The temperatures in Chicago and Detroit are \\( pebblestone^{\\circ} \\) and \\( tumbleweed^{\\circ} \\), respectively. These temperatures are not assumed to be independent; namely, we are given:\n(i) \\( gossamer\\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), the probability that the temperature in Chicago is \\( 70^{\\circ} \\),\n(ii) \\( gossamer\\left(tumbleweed^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), and\n(iii) \\( gossamer\\left(\\max \\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}, tumbleweed^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).\n\nDetermine \\( gossamer\\left(\\min \\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}, tumbleweed^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).",
      "solution": "B-1 Denote the four events \\( pebblestone^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, tumbleweed^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, \\max \\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}, tumbleweed^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\), \\( \\min \\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}, tumbleweed^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\) by \\( quartzline, maplecurve, silkypoint, falconridge \\), respectively. Then \\( quartzline \\cup maplecurve = silkypoint \\cup falconridge \\), and \\( quartzline \\cap maplecurve = silkypoint \\cap falconridge \\). Hence \\( gossamer(quartzline)+gossamer(maplecurve)=gossamer(quartzline \\cup maplecurve)+gossamer(quartzline \\cap maplecurve)=gossamer(silkypoint \\cup falconridge) \\) \\( +gossamer(silkypoint \\cap falconridge)=gossamer(silkypoint)+gossamer(falconridge) \\) and \\( gossamer\\left(\\min \\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}, tumbleweed^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right)=gossamer\\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right)+gossamer\\left(tumbleweed^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\) \\( -gossamer\\left(\\max \\left(pebblestone^{\\circ}, tumbleweed^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\)."
    },
    "descriptive_long_misleading": {
      "map": {
        "x": "coldnesschicago",
        "y": "coldnessdetroit",
        "A": "chicagafreeze",
        "B": "detroitfreeze",
        "C": "minimumevent",
        "D": "maximumevent",
        "P": "improbability"
      },
      "question": "B-1. The temperatures in Chicago and Detroit are \\( coldnesschicago^{\\circ} \\) and \\( coldnessdetroit^{\\circ} \\), respectively. These temperatures are not assumed to be independent; namely, we are given:\n(i) \\( improbability\\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), the probability that the temperature in Chicago is \\( 70^{\\circ} \\),\n(ii) \\( improbability\\left(coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), and\n(iii) \\( improbability\\left(\\max \\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}, coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).\n\nDetermine \\( improbability\\left(\\min \\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}, coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).",
      "solution": "B-1 Denote the four events \\( coldnesschicago^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, \\max \\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}, coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\), \\( \\min \\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}, coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\) by \\( chicagafreeze, detroitfreeze, minimumevent, maximumevent \\), respectively. Then \\( chicagafreeze \\cup detroitfreeze= minimumevent \\cup maximumevent \\), and \\( chicagafreeze \\cap detroitfreeze= minimumevent \\cap maximumevent \\). Hence \\( improbability(chicagafreeze)+improbability(detroitfreeze)=improbability(chicagafreeze \\cup detroitfreeze)+improbability(chicagafreeze \\cap detroitfreeze)=improbability(minimumevent \\cup maximumevent) \\)\n\\( +improbability(minimumevent \\cap maximumevent)=improbability(minimumevent)+improbability(maximumevent) \\) and \\( improbability\\left(\\min \\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}, coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right)=improbability\\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right)+improbability\\left(coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\)\n\\( -improbability\\left(\\max \\left(coldnesschicago^{\\circ}, coldnessdetroit^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\)."
    },
    "garbled_string": {
      "map": {
        "x": "qzxwvtnp",
        "y": "hjgrksla",
        "A": "mbtrgsea",
        "B": "fqcgnrkd",
        "C": "sljpawoe",
        "D": "vncziklu",
        "P": "odjrmahe"
      },
      "question": "B-1. The temperatures in Chicago and Detroit are \\( qzxwvtnp^{\\circ} \\) and \\( hjgrksla^{\\circ} \\), respectively. These temperatures are not assumed to be independent; namely, we are given:\n(i) \\( odjrmahe\\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), the probability that the temperature in Chicago is \\( 70^{\\circ} \\),\n(ii) \\( odjrmahe\\left(hjgrksla^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\), and\n(iii) \\( odjrmahe\\left(\\max \\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}, hjgrksla^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).\n\nDetermine \\( odjrmahe\\left(\\min \\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}, hjgrksla^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\).",
      "solution": "B-1 Denote the four events \\( qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, hjgrksla^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}, \\max \\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}, hjgrksla^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\), \\( \\min \\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}, hjgrksla^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ} \\) by \\( mbtrgsea, fqcgnrkd, sljpawoe, vncziklu \\), respectively. Then \\( mbtrgsea \\cup fqcgnrkd=sljpawoe \\cup vncziklu \\), and \\( mbtrgsea \\cap fqcgnrkd=sljpawoe \\cap vncziklu \\). Hence \\( odjrmahe(mbtrgsea)+odjrmahe(fqcgnrkd)=odjrmahe(mbtrgsea \\cup fqcgnrkd)+odjrmahe(mbtrgsea \\cap fqcgnrkd)=odjrmahe(sljpawoe \\cup vncziklu) \\) \\( +odjrmahe(sljpawoe \\cap vncziklu)=odjrmahe(sljpawoe)+odjrmahe(vncziklu) \\) and \\( odjrmahe\\left(\\min \\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}, hjgrksla^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right)=odjrmahe\\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right)+odjrmahe\\left(hjgrksla^{\\circ}=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\) \\( -odjrmahe\\left(\\max \\left(qzxwvtnp^{\\circ}, hjgrksla^{\\circ}\\right)=70^{\\circ}\\right) \\)."
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "B-1.  Three chess engines 𝔄, 𝔅 and 𝔊 finish a blitz game with integer centipawn scores  \nX, Y, Z (arbitrary dependence allowed).  You are given  \n(i) P(X = 30), (ii) P(Y = 30), (iii) P(Z = 30),  \n(iv) P(max{X,Y,Z}=30), (v) P(‘exactly two of X,Y,Z equal 30’),  \n(vi) P(X=Y=Z=30).  \nExpress the probability  \nP(min{X,Y,Z}=30).",
      "solution": "Introduce the five events A={X=30}, B={Y=30}, C={Z=30}, M={max(X,Y,Z)=30}, N={min(X,Y,Z)=30}.  \nObserve that A∪B∪C = M ∪ N (whenever some score is 30 an extreme is 30), and A∩B∩C = M∩N.  \nInclusion–exclusion gives  \nP(A∪B∪C) = P(A)+P(B)+P(C) − P(exactly two) − 2 P(A∩B∩C).  \nYet also  \nP(A∪B∪C) = P(M) + P(N) − P(A∩B∩C).  \nEquating and isolating N yields  \nP(N) = P(A)+P(B)+P(C) − P(exactly two) − P(A∩B∩C) − P(M).  \nHence  \nP(min{X,Y,Z}=30) = P(X=30)+P(Y=30)+P(Z=30) − P(exactly two) − P(all three) − P(max=30).  \nEvery quantity on the right is supplied, and the formula collapses to the classical two-variable identity when Z is omitted.",
      "_replacement_note": {
        "replaced_at": "2025-07-05T22:17:12.049604",
        "reason": "Original kernel variant was too easy compared to the original problem"
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "calculation"
}