{
  "index": "1966-B-2",
  "type": "NT",
  "tag": [
    "NT",
    "COMB"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "B-2. Prove that among any ten consecutive integers at least one is relatively prime to each of the others.",
  "solution": "B-2 Any common factor of two of such numbers would have to be divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . So it is sufficient to prove that among any ten consecutive integers there is at least one that is not divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . We get such an integer by elimination as follows. Strike out those divisible by 3 . There may be either 3 or 4 of them. Among these there is either at least one or two respectively that are divisible also by 2 . Thus if we strike off also those that are divisible by 2 we will have eliminated at most seven of the integers. Note that by so doing we have stricken off at least one number divisible by five. Thus we are left with three integers only two of which can be divisible by 5 or 7 .",
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  "sci_consts": [
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  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "f": "factorx",
        "a": "amounty",
        "w": "widthen",
        "m": "magnitude",
        "u": "unifier",
        "c": "constant",
        "b": "baseline",
        "s": "scalar",
        "P": "parameter",
        "k": "coefficient",
        "A": "aggregate",
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        "y": "yieldin",
        "g": "generator",
        "h": "heighten",
        "n": "numberx",
        "t": "termvar",
        "S": "summation",
        "N": "naturaln",
        "d": "deltaid",
        "r": "radiusx",
        "o": "objectiv",
        "p": "primevar",
        "T": "totality",
        "W": "widthvar",
        "v": "vectorx",
        "l": "lengthen"
      },
      "question": "boundary-2. Prove that among any ten consecutive integers at least one is relatively prime to each of the others.",
      "solution": "boundary-2 Any common factor of two of such numbers would have to be divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . So it is sufficient to prove that among any ten consecutive integers there is at least one that is not divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . We get such an integer by elimination as follows. Strike out those divisible by 3 . There may be either 3 or 4 of them. Among these there is either at least one or two respectively that are divisible also by 2 . Thus if we strike off also those that are divisible by 2 we will have eliminated at most seven of the integers. Note that by so doing we have stricken off at least one number divisible by five. Thus we are left with three integers only two of which can be divisible by 5 or 7 ."
    },
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      "map": {
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        "o": "paintbrush",
        "p": "overgrown",
        "T": "stonewall",
        "W": "ironhorse",
        "v": "silkworm",
        "l": "afterglow"
      },
      "question": "B-2. Prove that among any ten consecutive integers at least one is relatively prime to each of the others.",
      "solution": "B-2 Any common factor of two of such numbers would have to be divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . So it is sufficient to prove that among any ten consecutive integers there is at least one that is not divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . We get such an integer by elimination as follows. Strike out those divisible by 3 . There may be either 3 or 4 of them. Among these there is either at least one or two respectively that are divisible also by 2 . Thus if we strike off also those that are divisible by 2 we will have eliminated at most seven of the integers. Note that by so doing we have stricken off at least one number divisible by five. Thus we are left with three integers only two of which can be divisible by 5 or 7 ."
    },
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        "a": "nullspace",
        "w": "stillness",
        "m": "emptiness",
        "u": "downwards",
        "c": "chaoticity",
        "b": "absenceof",
        "s": "silencium",
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        "A": "antibase",
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        "y": "zenithless",
        "g": "masslessness",
        "h": "depthness",
        "n": "naughtness",
        "t": "timeless",
        "S": "narrowness",
        "N": "nonentity",
        "d": "creation",
        "r": "centerless",
        "o": "outwardness",
        "p": "immobility",
        "T": "disorderly",
        "W": "weakness",
        "v": "restfulness",
        "l": "ceaseless"
      },
      "question": "B-2. Prove that among any ten consecutive integers at least one is relatively prime to each of the others.",
      "solution": "B-2 Any common factor of two of such numbers would have to be divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . So it is sufficient to prove that among any ten consecutive integers there is at least one that is not divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . We get such an integer by elimination as follows. Strike out those divisible by 3 . There may be either 3 or 4 of them. Among these there is either at least one or two respectively that are divisible also by 2 . Thus if we strike off also those that are divisible by 2 we will have eliminated at most seven of the integers. Note that by so doing we have stricken off at least one number divisible by five. Thus we are left with three integers only two of which can be divisible by 5 or 7 ."
    },
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      "question": "B-2. Prove that among any ten consecutive integers at least one is relatively prime to each of the others.",
      "solution": "B-2 Any common factor of two of such numbers would have to be divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . So it is sufficient to prove that among any ten consecutive integers there is at least one that is not divisible by \\( 2,3,5 \\) or 7 . We get such an integer by elimination as follows. Strike out those divisible by 3 . There may be either 3 or 4 of them. Among these there is either at least one or two respectively that are divisible also by 2 . Thus if we strike off also those that are divisible by 2 we will have eliminated at most seven of the integers. Note that by so doing we have stricken off at least one number divisible by five. Thus we are left with three integers only two of which can be divisible by 5 or 7 ."
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let n,n+1,…,n+11 be any twelve consecutive integers.  Prove that at least one of them is relatively prime (coprime) to every other member of the dozen.",
      "solution": "Let\n        S={n,n+1,…,n+11}.\n\n1.  A preliminary observation\n   --------------------------------\n   If a,b∈S with a≠b, then |a−b|≤11.  Hence every common prime divisor of a and b is at most 11.  Consequently it suffices to show that S contains an integer that is not divisible by any of the primes\n        2,3,5,7,11.                                   (★)\n   Such an integer would be coprime to every other element of S.\n\n2.  Producing an element that avoids all five primes\n   --------------------------------------------------\n   Beginning with the full set S we successively discard those elements that are divisible by the primes in (★), keeping count of the survivors.\n\n   Step 1  (prime 2).   Exactly six of the twelve integers are even, so at least six are odd.\n\n   Step 2  (prime 3).   Among twelve consecutive integers there are exactly four multiples of 3, two even and two odd (they are the numbers ≡0 or 3 (mod 6)).  Removing the two odd multiples of 3 leaves at least\n            6−2=4\n   integers that are (i) odd and (ii) not multiples of 3.\n\n   Step 3  (prime 5).   An integer that is odd and not divisible by 3 can be congruent mod 30 to one of\n            1,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,25,29.\n   Of these, exactly two residues (5 and 25) are divisible by 5.  They differ by 20>11, so any block of twelve consecutive integers can contain at most one such number.  Deleting it leaves at least\n            4−1=3\n   integers that are free of 2,3 and 5.\n\n   Step 4  (prime 7).   Each of our current candidates is odd and not divisible by 3 or 5.  Any such number that is also divisible by 7 is an odd multiple of 7.  Consecutive odd multiples of 7 differ by 14, which exceeds the length of our block.  Hence a block of twelve consecutive integers contains at most one odd multiple of 7.  Removing it leaves at least\n            3−1=2\n   integers that avoid 2,3,5 and 7.\n\n   Step 5  (prime 11).  Among twelve consecutive integers there can be two multiples of 11 (they would be 11 apart), but they necessarily have opposite parity.  Since both of our remaining candidates are odd, at most one of them can be a multiple of 11.  Therefore at least one integer\n            m∈S\n   survives every elimination round and is not divisible by any prime ≤11.\n\n3.  Finishing the proof\n   ---------------------\n   Let k be any other member of S.  Every common prime divisor of m and k is ≤11, yet m possesses no such prime divisor.  Thus gcd(m,k)=1, and m is relatively prime to each of the other eleven integers in S.\n\n   Therefore, among every twelve consecutive integers there exists at least one that is coprime to all the others, as required.",
      "_meta": {
        "core_steps": [
          "Any common prime divisor must be ≤7 because the difference of two of the 10 numbers is ≤9",
          "Thus it suffices to exhibit one integer not divisible by 2, 3, 5, or 7",
          "In 10 consecutive numbers, at most 7 are multiples of 2 or 3 (counting overlap)",
          "Those 7 already include at least one multiple of 5, so ≥3 numbers remain",
          "Among the 3 survivors at most 2 can be multiples of 5 or 7 ⇒ at least 1 is coprime to 2,3,5,7 and hence to every other member of the set"
        ],
        "mutable_slots": {
          "slot1": {
            "description": "Order in which divisibility classes are discarded",
            "original": "Multiples of 3 struck out before multiples of 2"
          },
          "slot2": {
            "description": "Exact statement that there are ‘3 or 4’ multiples of 3 in the block of 10",
            "original": "‘There may be either 3 or 4 of them’"
          },
          "slot3": {
            "description": "Numeric upper bound on how many numbers are removed after discarding multiples of 2 and 3",
            "original": "‘at most seven’"
          },
          "slot4": {
            "description": "Remark that the discarded set already contains a multiple of 5",
            "original": "‘we have stricken off at least one number divisible by five’"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "proof",
  "iteratively_fixed": true
}