{
  "index": "1962-B-2",
  "type": "COMB",
  "tag": [
    "COMB",
    "NT",
    "ANA"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "2. Let \\( R \\) be the set of all real numbers and \\( S \\) the set of all subsets of the positive integers. Construct a function \\( f \\) whose domain is \\( R \\) and whose range is in \\( S \\), such that \\( f(a) \\) is a proper subset of \\( f(b) \\) whenever \\( a<b \\).",
  "solution": "Solution. Let \\( \\phi \\) be an enumeration of the rationals, i.e., a bijective map from \\( \\mathbf{N} \\) to \\( \\mathbf{Q} \\), where \\( \\mathbf{N} \\) is the set of positive integers and \\( \\mathbf{Q} \\) is the set of rational numbers.\n\nDefine a function \\( f \\) as follows\n\\[\nf(r)=\\{n: \\phi(n)<r\\}\n\\]\nwhere \\( r \\) is a real number. Then the domain of \\( f \\) is \\( \\mathbf{R} \\) and the values of \\( f \\) are subsets of \\( \\mathbf{N} \\).\n\nIf \\( a<b \\) and \\( n \\in f(a) \\). then \\( \\phi(n)<a<b \\), so \\( n \\in f(b) \\). Thus \\( f(a) \\subseteq \\) \\( f(b) \\). Moreover. the inclusion is proper because there is a rational number between \\( a \\) and \\( b \\) and therefore an integer \\( p \\) such that \\( a<\\phi(p)<b \\). so \\( p \\in f(b) \\) but \\( p \\notin f^{\\prime}(a) \\).\n\nRemark. For the proof it is sufficient that \\( \\phi: \\mathbf{N} \\rightarrow \\mathbf{R} \\) have dense range.",
  "vars": [
    "a",
    "b",
    "r",
    "n",
    "p"
  ],
  "params": [
    "R",
    "S",
    "f",
    "\\\\phi",
    "N",
    "Q"
  ],
  "sci_consts": [],
  "variants": {
    "descriptive_long": {
      "map": {
        "a": "lowernum",
        "b": "highernum",
        "r": "realnum",
        "n": "indexnat",
        "p": "midpoint",
        "R": "realset",
        "S": "subsetsp",
        "f": "funcset",
        "\\phi": "rationum",
        "N": "natset",
        "Q": "ratset"
      },
      "question": "2. Let \\( realset \\) be the set of all real numbers and \\( subsetsp \\) the set of all subsets of the positive integers. Construct a function \\( funcset \\) whose domain is \\( realset \\) and whose range is in \\( subsetsp \\), such that \\( funcset(lowernum) \\) is a proper subset of \\( funcset(highernum) \\) whenever \\( lowernum<highernum \\).",
      "solution": "Let \\( rationum \\) be an enumeration of the rationals, i.e., a bijective map from \\( \\mathbf{natset} \\) to \\( \\mathbf{ratset} \\), where \\( \\mathbf{natset} \\) is the set of positive integers and \\( \\mathbf{ratset} \\) is the set of rational numbers.\n\nDefine a function \\( funcset \\) as follows\n\\[\nfuncset(realnum)=\\{indexnat: rationum(indexnat)<realnum\\}\n\\]\nwhere \\( realnum \\) is a real number. Then the domain of \\( funcset \\) is \\( \\mathbf{realset} \\) and the values of \\( funcset \\) are subsets of \\( \\mathbf{natset} \\).\n\nIf \\( lowernum<highernum \\) and \\( indexnat \\in funcset(lowernum) \\), then \\( rationum(indexnat)<lowernum<highernum \\), so \\( indexnat \\in funcset(highernum) \\). Thus \\( funcset(lowernum) \\subseteq funcset(highernum) \\). Moreover, the inclusion is proper because there is a rational number between \\( lowernum \\) and \\( highernum \\) and therefore an integer \\( midpoint \\) such that \\( lowernum<rationum(midpoint)<highernum \\), so \\( midpoint \\in funcset(highernum) \\) but \\( midpoint \\notin funcset^{\\prime}(lowernum) \\).\n\nRemark. For the proof it is sufficient that \\( rationum: \\mathbf{natset} \\rightarrow \\mathbf{realset} \\) have dense range."
    },
    "descriptive_long_confusing": {
      "map": {
        "a": "zoetrope",
        "b": "tapestry",
        "r": "lullabies",
        "n": "pendulum",
        "p": "benediction",
        "R": "orangutan",
        "S": "firebrand",
        "f": "lamplight",
        "\\\\phi": "whirligig",
        "N": "salamander",
        "Q": "buttercup"
      },
      "question": "2. Let \\( orangutan \\) be the set of all real numbers and \\( firebrand \\) the set of all subsets of the positive integers. Construct a function \\( lamplight \\) whose domain is \\( orangutan \\) and whose range is in \\( firebrand \\), such that \\( lamplight(zoetrope) \\) is a proper subset of \\( lamplight(tapestry) \\) whenever \\( zoetrope<tapestry \\).",
      "solution": "Solution. Let \\( whirligig \\) be an enumeration of the rationals, i.e., a bijective map from \\( \\mathbf{salamander} \\) to \\( \\mathbf{buttercup} \\), where \\( \\mathbf{salamander} \\) is the set of positive integers and \\( \\mathbf{buttercup} \\) is the set of rational numbers.\n\nDefine a function \\( lamplight \\) as follows\n\\[\nlamplight(lullabies)=\\{pendulum: whirligig(pendulum)<lullabies\\}\n\\]\nwhere \\( lullabies \\) is a real number. Then the domain of \\( lamplight \\) is \\( \\mathbf{orangutan} \\) and the values of \\( lamplight \\) are subsets of \\( \\mathbf{salamander} \\).\n\nIf \\( zoetrope<tapestry \\) and \\( pendulum \\in lamplight(zoetrope) \\), then \\( whirligig(pendulum)<zoetrope<tapestry \\), so \\( pendulum \\in lamplight(tapestry) \\). Thus \\( lamplight(zoetrope) \\subseteq \\lamplight(tapestry) \\). Moreover, the inclusion is proper because there is a rational number between \\( zoetrope \\) and \\( tapestry \\) and therefore an integer \\( benediction \\) such that \\( zoetrope<whirligig(benediction)<tapestry \\), so \\( benediction \\in lamplight(tapestry) \\) but \\( benediction \\notin lamplight^{\\prime}(zoetrope) \\).\n\nRemark. For the proof it is sufficient that \\( whirligig: \\mathbf{salamander} \\rightarrow \\mathbf{orangutan} \\) have dense range."
    },
    "descriptive_long_misleading": {
      "map": {
        "a": "zenithless",
        "b": "nadirplus",
        "r": "unrealvalue",
        "n": "fractional",
        "p": "continuous",
        "R": "imaginaryset",
        "S": "singularset",
        "f": "antifunction",
        "\\phi": "chaosmap",
        "N": "negativereals",
        "Q": "irrational"
      },
      "question": "2. Let \\( imaginaryset \\) be the set of all real numbers and \\( singularset \\) the set of all subsets of the positive integers. Construct a function \\( antifunction \\) whose domain is \\( imaginaryset \\) and whose range is in \\( singularset \\), such that \\( antifunction(zenithless) \\) is a proper subset of \\( antifunction(nadirplus) \\) whenever \\( zenithless<nadirplus \\).",
      "solution": "Solution. Let \\( chaosmap \\) be an enumeration of the rationals, i.e., a bijective map from \\( \\mathbf{negativereals} \\) to \\( \\mathbf{irrational} \\), where \\( \\mathbf{negativereals} \\) is the set of positive integers and \\( \\mathbf{irrational} \\) is the set of rational numbers.\n\nDefine a function \\( antifunction \\) as follows\n\\[\nantifunction(unrealvalue)=\\{fractional: chaosmap(fractional)<unrealvalue\\}\n\\]\nwhere \\( unrealvalue \\) is a real number. Then the domain of \\( antifunction \\) is \\( \\mathbf{imaginaryset} \\) and the values of \\( antifunction \\) are subsets of \\( \\mathbf{negativereals} \\).\n\nIf \\( zenithless<nadirplus \\) and \\( fractional \\in antifunction(zenithless) \\). then \\( chaosmap(fractional)<zenithless<nadirplus \\), so \\( fractional \\in antifunction(nadirplus) \\). Thus \\( antifunction(zenithless) \\subseteq \\) \\( antifunction(nadirplus) \\). Moreover. the inclusion is proper because there is a rational number between \\( zenithless \\) and \\( nadirplus \\) and therefore an integer \\( continuous \\) such that \\( zenithless<chaosmap(continuous)<nadirplus \\). so \\( continuous \\in antifunction(nadirplus) \\) but \\( continuous \\notin antifunction^{\\prime}(zenithless) \\).\n\nRemark. For the proof it is sufficient that \\( chaosmap: \\mathbf{negativereals} \\rightarrow \\mathbf{imaginaryset} \\) have dense range."
    },
    "garbled_string": {
      "map": {
        "a": "quxjfpst",
        "b": "yzmrhdlk",
        "r": "vnpqzscr",
        "n": "ktwhgava",
        "p": "lomdnceq",
        "R": "xvhcujak",
        "S": "rqepgnti",
        "f": "ujrmbkaw",
        "\\phi": "wvkhytsq",
        "N": "tygrldwe",
        "Q": "hozsjvkm"
      },
      "question": "2. Let \\( xvhcujak \\) be the set of all real numbers and \\( rqepgnti \\) the set of all subsets of the positive integers. Construct a function \\( ujrmbkaw \\) whose domain is \\( xvhcujak \\) and whose range is in \\( rqepgnti \\), such that \\( ujrmbkaw(quxjfpst) \\) is a proper subset of \\( ujrmbkaw(yzmrhdlk) \\) whenever \\( quxjfpst<yzmrhdlk \\).",
      "solution": "Solution. Let \\( wvkhytsq \\) be an enumeration of the rationals, i.e., a bijective map from \\( \\mathbf{tygrldwe} \\) to \\( \\mathbf{hozsjvkm} \\), where \\( \\mathbf{tygrldwe} \\) is the set of positive integers and \\( \\mathbf{hozsjvkm} \\) is the set of rational numbers.\n\nDefine a function \\( ujrmbkaw \\) as follows\n\\[\nujrmbkaw(vnpqzscr)=\\{ktwhgava: wvkhytsq(ktwhgava)<vnpqzscr\\}\n\\]\nwhere \\( vnpqzscr \\) is a real number. Then the domain of \\( ujrmbkaw \\) is \\( \\mathbf{xvhcujak} \\) and the values of \\( ujrmbkaw \\) are subsets of \\( \\mathbf{tygrldwe} \\).\n\nIf \\( quxjfpst<yzmrhdlk \\) and \\( ktwhgava \\in ujrmbkaw(quxjfpst) \\), then \\( wvkhytsq(ktwhgava)<quxjfpst<yzmrhdlk \\), so \\( ktwhgava \\in ujrmbkaw(yzmrhdlk) \\). Thus \\( ujrmbkaw(quxjfpst) \\subseteq ujrmbkaw(yzmrhdlk) \\). Moreover, the inclusion is proper because there is a rational number between \\( quxjfpst \\) and \\( yzmrhdlk \\) and therefore an integer \\( lomdnceq \\) such that \\( quxjfpst<wvkhytsq(lomdnceq)<yzmrhdlk \\), so \\( lomdnceq \\in ujrmbkaw(yzmrhdlk) \\) but \\( lomdnceq \\notin ujrmbkaw^{\\prime}(quxjfpst) \\).\n\nRemark. For the proof it is sufficient that \\( wvkhytsq: \\mathbf{tygrldwe} \\rightarrow \\mathbf{xvhcujak} \\) have dense range."
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let \\(P=\\{p_{1}<p_{2}<p_{3}<\\dots\\}\\) be the sequence of prime numbers in their natural order and let \\(\\mathcal P(P)\\) denote its power set.  \nFor a subset \\(A\\subseteq P\\) put  \n\n\\[\nd(A)=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\frac{|A\\cap\\{p_{1},\\dots ,p_{n}\\}|}{n},\n\\]\n\nwhenever the limit exists; this is called the index–density of \\(A\\) in the primes.  \n\nDefine the logistic map  \n\n\\[\n\\sigma:\\mathbb R\\longrightarrow(0,1),\\qquad \n\\sigma(t)=\\frac{1}{1+e^{-t}} .\n\\]\n\nConstruct an explicit function  \n\n\\[\nF:\\mathbb R\\longrightarrow\n\\bigl\\{A\\subseteq P:\\,d(A)\\text{ exists}\\bigr\\}\n\\]\n\nsatisfying simultaneously  \n\n1. (Order-monotonicity) \\(a<b\\;\\Longrightarrow\\;F(a)\\subsetneq F(b)\\);  \n\n2. (Prescribed density) \\(d\\bigl(F(a)\\bigr)=\\sigma(a)\\quad\\forall a\\in\\mathbb R\\);  \n\n3. (Left-continuity with respect to inclusion)  \n  If \\(a_{k}\\uparrow a\\) then \\(F(a)=\\bigcup_{k=1}^{\\infty}F(a_{k})\\).",
      "solution": "The failure of the previous block–by–block construction was the appearance of large local oscillations of the ratio  \n\n\\[\n\\frac{|F(a)\\cap\\{p_{1},\\dots ,p_{n}\\}|}{n}\n\\]\n\ninside every block.  To remove this defect we discard the “block’’ idea altogether and base the selection on an equidistributed sequence of real numbers.\n\nStep 0 – A universal sequence of thresholds  \nFix the irrational number \\(\\alpha=\\sqrt2\\).  \nFor every integer \\(k\\ge1\\) set  \n\n\\[\n\\theta_{k}= \\bigl\\{k\\alpha\\bigr\\}\\in(0,1),\n\\]\n\nwhere \\(\\{\\cdot\\}\\) denotes the fractional part.  \nBy Weyl’s equidistribution theorem the sequence \\((\\theta_k)_{k\\ge1}\\) is uniformly distributed in the unit interval, i.e.\n\n\\[\n\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\frac{1}{n}\\bigl|\\{1\\le k\\le n:\\theta_k<x\\}\\bigr|=x\n\\qquad\\forall x\\in[0,1].\n\\tag{1}\n\\]\n\nStep 1 – Definition of \\(F(a)\\)  \nFor each real \\(a\\) define  \n\n\\[\nF(a)=\\bigl\\{p_k:\\theta_k<\\sigma(a)\\bigr\\}.\n\\tag{2}\n\\]\n\nThe construction is completely explicit: the only ingredients are the\nstandard enumeration of the primes, the irrational \\(\\sqrt2\\), and\nelementary arithmetic.\n\nStep 2 – Order-monotonicity  \nLet \\(a<b\\).  \nBecause \\(\\sigma\\) is strictly increasing, \\(\\sigma(a)<\\sigma(b)\\).  \nIf \\(\\theta_k<\\sigma(a)\\), then automatically \\(\\theta_k<\\sigma(b)\\); hence  \n\\(F(a)\\subseteq F(b)\\).  \nThe inclusion is proper because (1) guarantees the existence of infinitely many indices \\(k\\) with  \n\n\\[\n\\sigma(a)<\\theta_k<\\sigma(b),\n\\]\n\nand each such index contributes a prime contained in \\(F(b)\\setminus F(a)\\).\n\nStep 3 – Computation of the density  \nPut \\(x=\\sigma(a)\\in(0,1)\\).  \nFor every \\(n\\ge1\\), let  \n\n\\[\nS_n(a):=|F(a)\\cap\\{p_{1},\\dots ,p_{n}\\}|\n       =\\bigl|\\{1\\le k\\le n:\\theta_k<x\\}\\bigr|.\n\\]\n\nDivide by \\(n\\) and pass to the limit.  By (1) we obtain  \n\n\\[\nd\\bigl(F(a)\\bigr)=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\frac{S_n(a)}{n}=x=\\sigma(a),\n\\]\n\nestablishing property (2).\n\nStep 4 – Left-continuity  \nAssume \\(a_1<a_2<\\dots\\uparrow a\\).  \nWrite \\(x_k=\\sigma(a_k)\\) and \\(x=\\sigma(a)\\); then \\(x_k\\uparrow x\\).  \n\nFix an index \\(j\\ge1\\).  \n• If \\(\\theta_j<x\\), choose \\(\\varepsilon>0\\) with \\(\\theta_j<x-\\varepsilon\\).\nSince \\(x_k\\to x\\), we have \\(x_k>x-\\tfrac{\\varepsilon}{2}\\) for all\nlarge \\(k\\), hence \\(\\theta_j<x_k\\) eventually and \\(p_j\\in F(a_k)\\)\nfor all sufficiently large \\(k\\).  \n• If \\(\\theta_j\\ge x\\), then \\(\\theta_j<x_k\\) never occurs, so\n\\(p_j\\notin\\bigcup_{k}F(a_k)\\).\n\nConsequently\n\n\\[\n\\bigcup_{k=1}^{\\infty}F(a_k)=F(a),\n\\]\n\ni.e. property (3) holds.\n\nAll three requested properties are satisfied; therefore the explicit map (2) is the required solution.",
      "metadata": {
        "replaced_from": "harder_variant",
        "replacement_date": "2025-07-14T19:09:31.539041",
        "was_fixed": false,
        "difficulty_analysis": "• Additional quantitative constraint.  Unlike the original tasks, the new problem prescribes the exact index–density \\(d(F(a))\\) for every \\(a\\), forcing the constructor simultaneously to control inclusion and an asymptotic ratio.\n\n• Non-trivial asymptotics.  Verifying the densities demands an error estimate that decays exponentially fast, calling upon careful block-size selection and limit calculations absent from the earlier variants.\n\n• Continuity requirement.  Property (3) obliges the competitor to establish a set-theoretic analogue of left-continuity, adding another logical layer to the argument.\n\n• Ingenious block partition.  Choosing block lengths \\(2^{n}\\) is crucial: shorter blocks would not drive the error term to zero, longer blocks would complicate monotonicity.  The solver must invent and justify this geometry.\n\n• Combining several ideas.  One needs (i) monotone integer approximations of the logistic map, (ii) a tailor-made prime partition, (iii) density estimates, and (iv) a limit argument—all interacting at once.\n\nThese ingredients require deeper insight and longer reasoning chains than the enumeration-based solution of the original and current kernel variants, making the enhanced version significantly more challenging."
      }
    },
    "original_kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let \\(P=\\{p_{1}<p_{2}<p_{3}<\\dots\\}\\) be the sequence of prime numbers in their natural order and let \\(\\mathcal P(P)\\) denote its power set.  \nFor a subset \\(A\\subseteq P\\) put  \n\n\\[\nd(A)=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\frac{|A\\cap\\{p_{1},\\dots ,p_{n}\\}|}{n},\n\\]\n\nwhenever the limit exists; this is called the index–density of \\(A\\) in the primes.  \n\nDefine the logistic map  \n\n\\[\n\\sigma:\\mathbb R\\longrightarrow(0,1),\\qquad \n\\sigma(t)=\\frac{1}{1+e^{-t}} .\n\\]\n\nConstruct an explicit function  \n\n\\[\nF:\\mathbb R\\longrightarrow\n\\bigl\\{A\\subseteq P:\\,d(A)\\text{ exists}\\bigr\\}\n\\]\n\nsatisfying simultaneously  \n\n1. (Order-monotonicity) \\(a<b\\;\\Longrightarrow\\;F(a)\\subsetneq F(b)\\);  \n\n2. (Prescribed density) \\(d\\bigl(F(a)\\bigr)=\\sigma(a)\\quad\\forall a\\in\\mathbb R\\);  \n\n3. (Left-continuity with respect to inclusion)  \n  If \\(a_{k}\\uparrow a\\) then \\(F(a)=\\bigcup_{k=1}^{\\infty}F(a_{k})\\).",
      "solution": "The failure of the previous block–by–block construction was the appearance of large local oscillations of the ratio  \n\n\\[\n\\frac{|F(a)\\cap\\{p_{1},\\dots ,p_{n}\\}|}{n}\n\\]\n\ninside every block.  To remove this defect we discard the “block’’ idea altogether and base the selection on an equidistributed sequence of real numbers.\n\nStep 0 – A universal sequence of thresholds  \nFix the irrational number \\(\\alpha=\\sqrt2\\).  \nFor every integer \\(k\\ge1\\) set  \n\n\\[\n\\theta_{k}= \\bigl\\{k\\alpha\\bigr\\}\\in(0,1),\n\\]\n\nwhere \\(\\{\\cdot\\}\\) denotes the fractional part.  \nBy Weyl’s equidistribution theorem the sequence \\((\\theta_k)_{k\\ge1}\\) is uniformly distributed in the unit interval, i.e.\n\n\\[\n\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\frac{1}{n}\\bigl|\\{1\\le k\\le n:\\theta_k<x\\}\\bigr|=x\n\\qquad\\forall x\\in[0,1].\n\\tag{1}\n\\]\n\nStep 1 – Definition of \\(F(a)\\)  \nFor each real \\(a\\) define  \n\n\\[\nF(a)=\\bigl\\{p_k:\\theta_k<\\sigma(a)\\bigr\\}.\n\\tag{2}\n\\]\n\nThe construction is completely explicit: the only ingredients are the\nstandard enumeration of the primes, the irrational \\(\\sqrt2\\), and\nelementary arithmetic.\n\nStep 2 – Order-monotonicity  \nLet \\(a<b\\).  \nBecause \\(\\sigma\\) is strictly increasing, \\(\\sigma(a)<\\sigma(b)\\).  \nIf \\(\\theta_k<\\sigma(a)\\), then automatically \\(\\theta_k<\\sigma(b)\\); hence  \n\\(F(a)\\subseteq F(b)\\).  \nThe inclusion is proper because (1) guarantees the existence of infinitely many indices \\(k\\) with  \n\n\\[\n\\sigma(a)<\\theta_k<\\sigma(b),\n\\]\n\nand each such index contributes a prime contained in \\(F(b)\\setminus F(a)\\).\n\nStep 3 – Computation of the density  \nPut \\(x=\\sigma(a)\\in(0,1)\\).  \nFor every \\(n\\ge1\\), let  \n\n\\[\nS_n(a):=|F(a)\\cap\\{p_{1},\\dots ,p_{n}\\}|\n       =\\bigl|\\{1\\le k\\le n:\\theta_k<x\\}\\bigr|.\n\\]\n\nDivide by \\(n\\) and pass to the limit.  By (1) we obtain  \n\n\\[\nd\\bigl(F(a)\\bigr)=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\frac{S_n(a)}{n}=x=\\sigma(a),\n\\]\n\nestablishing property (2).\n\nStep 4 – Left-continuity  \nAssume \\(a_1<a_2<\\dots\\uparrow a\\).  \nWrite \\(x_k=\\sigma(a_k)\\) and \\(x=\\sigma(a)\\); then \\(x_k\\uparrow x\\).  \n\nFix an index \\(j\\ge1\\).  \n• If \\(\\theta_j<x\\), choose \\(\\varepsilon>0\\) with \\(\\theta_j<x-\\varepsilon\\).\nSince \\(x_k\\to x\\), we have \\(x_k>x-\\tfrac{\\varepsilon}{2}\\) for all\nlarge \\(k\\), hence \\(\\theta_j<x_k\\) eventually and \\(p_j\\in F(a_k)\\)\nfor all sufficiently large \\(k\\).  \n• If \\(\\theta_j\\ge x\\), then \\(\\theta_j<x_k\\) never occurs, so\n\\(p_j\\notin\\bigcup_{k}F(a_k)\\).\n\nConsequently\n\n\\[\n\\bigcup_{k=1}^{\\infty}F(a_k)=F(a),\n\\]\n\ni.e. property (3) holds.\n\nAll three requested properties are satisfied; therefore the explicit map (2) is the required solution.",
      "metadata": {
        "replaced_from": "harder_variant",
        "replacement_date": "2025-07-14T01:37:45.448214",
        "was_fixed": false,
        "difficulty_analysis": "• Additional quantitative constraint.  Unlike the original tasks, the new problem prescribes the exact index–density \\(d(F(a))\\) for every \\(a\\), forcing the constructor simultaneously to control inclusion and an asymptotic ratio.\n\n• Non-trivial asymptotics.  Verifying the densities demands an error estimate that decays exponentially fast, calling upon careful block-size selection and limit calculations absent from the earlier variants.\n\n• Continuity requirement.  Property (3) obliges the competitor to establish a set-theoretic analogue of left-continuity, adding another logical layer to the argument.\n\n• Ingenious block partition.  Choosing block lengths \\(2^{n}\\) is crucial: shorter blocks would not drive the error term to zero, longer blocks would complicate monotonicity.  The solver must invent and justify this geometry.\n\n• Combining several ideas.  One needs (i) monotone integer approximations of the logistic map, (ii) a tailor-made prime partition, (iii) density estimates, and (iv) a limit argument—all interacting at once.\n\nThese ingredients require deeper insight and longer reasoning chains than the enumeration-based solution of the original and current kernel variants, making the enhanced version significantly more challenging."
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "proof"
}