{
  "index": "1973-A-6",
  "type": "COMB",
  "tag": [
    "COMB",
    "GEO"
  ],
  "difficulty": "",
  "question": "A-6. Prove that it is impossible for seven distinct straight lines to be situated in the euclidean plane so as to have at least six points where exactly three of these lines intersect and at least four points where exactly two of these lines intersect.",
  "solution": "A-6. Any two distinct lines in the plane meet in at most one point. There are altogether \\( \\binom{7}{2}=21 \\) pairs of lines. A triple intersection accounts for 3 of these pairs of lines, and a simple intersection accounts for 1.\n\nFinally, \\( 6 \\cdot 3+4 \\cdot 1=22>21 \\).",
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      "question": "A-6. Prove that it is impossible for seven distinct straight lines to be situated in the euclidean plane so as to have at least six points where exactly three of these lines intersect and at least four points where exactly two of these lines intersect.",
      "solution": "A-6. Any two distinct lines in the plane meet in at most one point. There are altogether \\( \\binom{7}{2}=21 \\) pairs of lines. A triple intersection accounts for 3 of these pairs of lines, and a simple intersection accounts for 1.\n\nFinally, \\( 6 \\cdot 3+4 \\cdot 1=22>21 \\)."
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      "question": "A-6. Prove that it is impossible for seven distinct straight lines to be situated in the euclidean plane so as to have at least six points where exactly three of these lines intersect and at least four points where exactly two of these lines intersect.",
      "solution": "A-6. Any two distinct lines in the plane meet in at most one point. There are altogether \\( \\binom{7}{2}=21 \\) pairs of lines. A triple intersection accounts for 3 of these pairs of lines, and a simple intersection accounts for 1.\n\nFinally, \\( 6 \\cdot 3+4 \\cdot 1=22>21 \\)."
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      "question": "A-6. Prove that it is impossible for seven distinct straight lines to be situated in the euclidean plane so as to have at least six points where exactly three of these lines intersect and at least four points where exactly two of these lines intersect.",
      "solution": "A-6. Any two distinct lines in the plane meet in at most one point. There are altogether \\( \\binom{7}{2}=21 \\) pairs of lines. A triple intersection accounts for 3 of these pairs of lines, and a simple intersection accounts for 1.\n\nFinally, \\( 6 \\cdot 3+4 \\cdot 1=22>21 \\)."
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      "question": "A-6. Prove that it is impossible for seven distinct straight lines to be situated in the euclidean plane so as to have at least six points where exactly three of these lines intersect and at least four points where exactly two of these lines intersect.",
      "solution": "A-6. Any two distinct lines in the plane meet in at most one point. There are altogether \\( \\binom{7}{2}=21 \\) pairs of lines. A triple intersection accounts for 3 of these pairs of lines, and a simple intersection accounts for 1.\n\nFinally, \\( 6 \\cdot 3+4 \\cdot 1=22>21 \\)."
    },
    "kernel_variant": {
      "question": "Let $n=9$.  Prove that it is impossible to arrange nine distinct straight lines in the Euclidean plane so that\n\\begin{itemize}\n\\item[\\,(i)] at least eight points are points of triple concurrence, i.e. each of these points lies on exactly three of the nine lines, and\n\\item[\\,(ii)] at least thirteen points are simple intersections, i.e. each of these points lies on exactly two of the nine lines.\n\\end{itemize}",
      "solution": "Call a point where several of the lines meet an intersection point.  If exactly r of the lines pass through such a point, that point contributes \\(\\binom{r}{2}\\) unordered pairs of lines to the total count of line–pairs.\n\nStep 1. Count the pairs of lines globally.  With n=9 lines there are \\(\\binom{9}{2}=36\\) unordered pairs in all; each pair can meet in at most one point.\n\nStep 2. Evaluate the contribution of the prescribed intersection points.\n  • Every triple intersection contributes \\(\\binom{3}{2}=3\\) distinct pairs.\n  • Every simple (double) intersection contributes \\(\\binom{2}{2}=1\\) pair.\n\nStep 3. Insert the given lower bounds.  With at least eight triple points and at least thirteen simple points, the lines would account for at least\n\\[\n8\\cdot3 + 13\\cdot1 = 24 + 13 = 37\n\\]\npairs of lines.\n\nStep 4. Derive the contradiction.  The plane contains only 36 distinct pairs of the nine lines, yet the specified intersection pattern forces at least 37 different pairs—impossible.  Therefore no such arrangement of nine lines exists.\n\nHence the stated configuration cannot occur.",
      "_meta": {
        "core_steps": [
          "Count total pairs of lines: C(n,2).",
          "Each intersection of r lines accounts for C(r,2) distinct line–pairs.",
          "Add contributions from the prescribed multi- and simple intersections.",
          "Show that this sum exceeds the total number of pairs, giving a contradiction."
        ],
        "mutable_slots": {
          "slot1": {
            "description": "Total number n of distinct straight lines under consideration",
            "original": 7
          },
          "slot2": {
            "description": "Lower bound on points where exactly three of the lines meet",
            "original": 6
          },
          "slot3": {
            "description": "Lower bound on points where exactly two of the lines meet",
            "original": 4
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "checked": true,
  "problem_type": "proof"
}