% --- Echocardiography importance and reviews ---
@article{LANG20151,
title = {Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {1-39.e14},
year = {2015},
issn = {0894-7317},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0894731714007457},
author = {Roberto M. Lang and Luigi P. Badano and Victor Mor-Avi and Jonathan Afilalo and Anderson Armstrong and Laura Ernande and Frank A. Flachskampf and Elyse Foster and Steven A. Goldstein and Tatiana Kuznetsova and Patrizio Lancellotti and Denisa Muraru and Michael H. Picard and Ernst R. Rietzschel and Lawrence Rudski and Kirk T. Spencer and Wendy Tsang and Jens-Uwe Voigt},
keywords = {Adult echocardiography, Transthoracic echocardiography, Ventricular function, Normal values},
abstract = {The rapid technological developments of the past decade and the changes in echocardiographic practice brought about by these developments have resulted in the need for updated recommendations to the previously published guidelines for cardiac chamber quantification, which was the goal of the joint writing group assembled by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. This document provides updated normal values for all four cardiac chambers, including three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial deformation, when possible, on the basis of considerably larger numbers of normal subjects, compiled from multiple databases. In addition, this document attempts to eliminate several minor discrepancies that existed between previously published guidelines.}
}

@article{
doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.124.016517,
author = {Linda D. Gillam  and Leo Marcoff },
title = {Echocardiography: Past, Present, and Future},
journal = {Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {e016517},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.124.016517},
URL = {https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.124.016517},
eprint = {https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.124.016517}}


@article{ghorbani2020deep,
  author  = {Ghorbani, A. and Ouyang, D. and Abid, A. and others},
  title   = {Deep learning interpretation of echocardiograms},
  journal = {npj Digital Medicine},
  volume  = {3},
  pages   = {10},
  year    = {2020},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41746-019-0216-8},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0216-8}
}

@article{steeds2011echocardiography,
  author  = {Steeds, R. P.},
  title   = {Echocardiography: frontier imaging in cardiology},
  journal = {The British Journal of Radiology},
  year    = {2011},
  volume  = {84},
  number  = {Spec No 3},
  pages   = {S237--S245},
  month   = dec,
  doi     = {10.1259/bjr/77730594},
  issn    = {0007-1285},
  pmid    = {22723531}
}

@article{Zolgharni2017Automatic,
  author  = {Zolgharni, M. and Negoita, M. and Dhutia, N. M. and Mielewczik, M. and Manoharan, K. and Sohaib, S. M. A. and Finegold, J. A. and Sacchi, S. and Cole, G. D. and Francis, D. P.},
  title   = {Automatic detection of end-diastolic and end-systolic frames in 2D echocardiography},
  journal = {Echocardiography},
  year    = {2017},
  volume  = {34},
  number  = {7},
  pages   = {956--967},
  month   = jul,
  doi     = {10.1111/echo.13587},
  pmid    = {28573718}
}

@misc{chambon2022adaptingpretrainedvisionlanguagefoundational,
      title={Adapting Pretrained Vision-Language Foundational Models to Medical Imaging Domains}, 
      author={Pierre Chambon and Christian Bluethgen and Curtis P. Langlotz and Akshay Chaudhari},
      year={2022},
      eprint={2210.04133},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.04133}, 
}

@misc{zhang2023videollamainstructiontunedaudiovisuallanguage,
      title={Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understanding}, 
      author={Hang Zhang and Xin Li and Lidong Bing},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2306.02858},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02858}, 
}

@article{Ouyang2020Video,
  author  = {Ouyang, David and He, Bryan and Ghorbani, Amirata and Yuan, Neal and Ebinger, Joseph and Langlotz, Curtis P. and Heidenreich, Paul A. and Harrington, Robert A. and Liang, David H. and Ashley, Euan A. and Zou, James Y.},
  title   = {Video-based {AI} for beat-to-beat assessment of cardiac function},
  journal = {Nature},
  year    = {2020},
  volume  = {580},
  number  = {7802},
  pages   = {252--256},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41586-020-2145-8}
}



% --- VLM papers ---
@misc{zhang2024llavanextvideo,
  title={LLaVA-NeXT: A Strong Zero-shot Video Understanding Model},
  url={https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-04-30-llava-next-video/},
  author={Zhang, Yuanhan and Li, Bo and Liu, haotian and Lee, Yong jae and Gui, Liangke and Fu, Di and Feng, Jiashi and Liu, Ziwei and Li, Chunyuan},
  month={April},
  year={2024}
}

@misc{liu2024llavanext,
    title={LLaVA-NeXT: Improved reasoning, OCR, and world knowledge},
    url={https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-01-30-llava-next/},
    author={Liu, Haotian and Li, Chunyuan and Li, Yuheng and Li, Bo and Zhang, Yuanhan and Shen, Sheng and Lee, Yong Jae},
    month={January},
    year={2024}
}

@article{gemma_3n_2025,
    title={Gemma 3n},
    url={https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/gemma-3n},
    publisher={Google DeepMind},
    author={Gemma Team},
    year={2025}
}

@misc{qwen3technicalreport,
      title={Qwen3 Technical Report}, 
      author={Qwen Team},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2505.09388},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09388}, 
}

@article{Qwen2.5-VL,
  title={Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report},
  author={Bai, Shuai and Chen, Keqin and Liu, Xuejing and Wang, Jialin and Ge, Wenbin and Song, Sibo and Dang, Kai and Wang, Peng and Wang, Shijie and Tang, Jun and Zhong, Humen and Zhu, Yuanzhi and Yang, Mingkun and Li, Zhaohai and Wan, Jianqiang and Wang, Pengfei and Ding, Wei and Fu, Zheren and Xu, Yiheng and Ye, Jiabo and Zhang, Xi and Xie, Tianbao and Cheng, Zesen and Zhang, Hang and Yang, Zhibo and Xu, Haiyang and Lin, Junyang},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13923},
  year={2025}
}

@article{Qwen2VL,
  title={Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution},
  author={Wang, Peng and Bai, Shuai and Tan, Sinan and Wang, Shijie and Fan, Zhihao and Bai, Jinze and Chen, Keqin and Liu, Xuejing and Wang, Jialin and Ge, Wenbin and Fan, Yang and Dang, Kai and Du, Mengfei and Ren, Xuancheng and Men, Rui and Liu, Dayiheng and Zhou, Chang and Zhou, Jingren and Lin, Junyang},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.12191},
  year={2024}
}

@article{Qwen-VL,
  title={Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond},
  author={Bai, Jinze and Bai, Shuai and Yang, Shusheng and Wang, Shijie and Tan, Sinan and Wang, Peng and Lin, Junyang and Zhou, Chang and Zhou, Jingren},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.12966},
  year={2023}
}

@misc{li2024llavanextinterleavetacklingmultiimagevideo,
      title={LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Models}, 
      author={Feng Li and Renrui Zhang and Hao Zhang and Yuanhan Zhang and Bo Li and Wei Li and Zejun Ma and Chunyuan Li},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2407.07895},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.07895}, 
}


% --- benchmarking papers ---
@inproceedings{wolf2025medvlms,
  title={Your other Left! Vision-Language Models Fail to Identify Relative Positions in Medical Images},
  author={Wolf, Daniel and Hillenhagen, Heiko and Taskin, Billurvan and B{\"a}uerle, Alex and Beer, Meinrad and G{\"o}tz, Michael and Ropinski, Timo},
  booktitle={International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI},
  pages={691--701},
  year={2025},
  organization={Springer Nature Switzerland},
  doi={10.1007/978-3-032-04971-1_65}
}



% discussion
@article{ES_ED_error,
author = {Mada, Razvan and Lysyansky, Peter and Daraban, Ana and Duchenne, J\"urgen and Voigt, Jens-Uwe},
year = {2015},
month = {01},
pages = {},
title = {How to Define End-Diastole and End-Systole?},
journal = {JACC Cardiovascular Imaging},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.10.010}
}


@article{kim2024echofm,
  title={EchoFM: Foundation Model for Generalizable Echocardiogram Analysis},
  author={Kim, Sekeun and Jin, Pengfei and Song, Sifan and Chen, Cheng and Li, Yiwei and Ren, Hui and Li, Xiang and Liu, Tianming and Li, Quanzheng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.23413},
  year={2024}
}

@article{vukadinovic2025viewprimed,
  title={Comprehensive echocardiogram evaluation with view-primed vision language AI},
  author={Vukadinovic, Marko and Chiu, I-Ming and Tang, Xiaoyu and others},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1038/s41586-025-09850-x},
  publisher={Springer Nature}
}


@article{christensen2024vlfecho,
  title={Vision--language foundation model for echocardiogram interpretation},
  author={Christensen, Michael and Vukadinovic, Marko and Yuan, Ning and others},
  journal={Nature Medicine},
  volume={30},
  pages={1481--1488},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1038/s41591-024-02959-y},
  publisher={Springer Nature}
}

@online{APA2023ChatbotsMentalHealth,
  author       = {{American Psychological Association}},
  title        = {Chatbots for mental health: A psychologist explains the risks and benefits},
  year         = {2023},
  url          = {https://www.apa.org/topics/artificial-intelligence/chatbots-mental-health-risks-benefits},
  note         = {Accessed: 2026-01-23},
  organization = {American Psychological Association}
}
