\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\centering
\scriptsize
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2.5pt}
\caption{Full-volume/sequence DSC (\%) for zero-shot segmentation across modalities and anatomical structures using single-click (1,0), multi-click (1,2), bounding-box, and mask prompts. For each pair, the higher DSC is shown in \textbf{bold}. Color shading in the table denotes statistical significance for the better model: 
\sethlcolor{sigStrong}\hl{$p < 0.001$}, 
\sethlcolor{sigWeak}\hl{$0.001 < p < 0.05$}, 
and no shading for $p > 0.05$.}
\label{tab:sam2_vs_sam3_allprompts}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|cc|cc|cc|cc}
\toprule
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Modality}} &
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Structure}} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{Click (1,0)}} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{Click (1,2)}} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{BBox}} &
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Mask}} \\
\cline{3-10}
& & \textbf{SAM 2} & \textbf{SAM 3} & \textbf{SAM 2} & \textbf{SAM 3} & \textbf{SAM 2} & \textbf{SAM 3} & \textbf{SAM 2} & \textbf{SAM 3} \\
\midrule

\multirow{19}{*}{CT}
 & Adrenal Gland (L) & 19.13 & \textbf{25.14} & 20.79 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{34.54} & \textbf{49.02} & 46.67 & \textbf{47.59} & 41.78 \\
 & Adrenal Gland (R) & 8.93 & \textbf{11.28} & 10.18 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{19.86} & \textbf{45.52} & 44.86 & \textbf{44.41} & 39.53 \\
 & Aorta & 68.71 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{78.72} & 72.07 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{81.17} & 68.41 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{74.58} & 67.22 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{73.42} \\
 & Bladder & 3.63 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{10.32} & 6.56 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{10.93} & 10.60 & \textbf{12.03} & 9.72 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{11.61} \\
 & Colon Tumor & 11.16 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{15.98} & 13.03 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{17.27} & 16.58 & \textbf{18.24} & 18.53 & \textbf{19.36} \\
 & Duodenum & 25.68 & \textbf{30.68} & 26.92 & \textbf{32.36} & 31.34 & \textbf{33.23} & 32.78 & \textbf{34.35} \\
 & Esophagus & 3.88 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{37.00} & 8.12 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{48.28} & 60.60 & \textbf{68.44} & 59.75 & \textbf{68.22} \\
 & Gallbladder & 22.88 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{30.39} & 31.68 & \textbf{34.53} & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{49.62} & 38.00 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{48.47} & 36.68 \\
 & Inferior Vena Cava & 70.08 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{79.28} & 65.21 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{78.77} & 69.89 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{78.54} & 70.41 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{78.47} \\
 & Kidney (L) & 58.72 & \textbf{59.35} & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{66.18} & 61.38 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{75.75} & 64.70 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{76.67} & 64.43 \\
 & Kidney (R) & 54.02 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{65.66} & 66.01 & \textbf{67.43} & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{78.15} & 72.52 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{78.78} & 72.32 \\
 & Liver & 44.18 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{65.85} & 52.10 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{71.53} & 67.72 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{74.94} & 67.21 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{74.99} \\
 & Lung Tumor & 6.78 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{18.72} & 13.95 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{30.06} & \textbf{44.22} & 42.48 & \textbf{46.33} & 43.20 \\
 & Pancreas & 19.24 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{32.71} & 23.93 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{34.87} & 28.00 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{33.93} & 27.38 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{33.73} \\
 & Pancreas Tumor & 11.64 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{17.00} & 13.32 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{18.72} & 27.09 & \textbf{28.47} & 26.49 & \textbf{29.06} \\
 & Portal \& Splenic Veins & 27.70 & \textbf{31.44} & 31.00 & \textbf{31.63} & \textbf{36.55} & 34.05 & \textbf{34.69} & 34.33 \\
 & Prostate & 2.56 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{7.24} & 5.32 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{7.58} & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{11.88} & 8.70 & \textbf{9.26} & 8.75 \\
 & Spleen & 46.20 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{57.13} & 56.51 & \textbf{59.77} & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{74.25} & 63.03 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{74.96} & 62.56 \\
 & Stomach & 36.80 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{50.34} & 45.73 & \textbf{52.07} & 49.43 & \textbf{53.84} & 49.42 & \textbf{55.86} \\
\midrule

\multirow{15}{*}{MR}
 & Aorta & 42.58 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{58.67} & 46.05 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{63.01} & 40.83 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{58.59} & 42.12 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{58.30} \\
 & Bladder & 0.48 & \textbf{7.49} & \textbf{55.49} & 6.80 & \textbf{76.91} & 7.29 & \textbf{47.90} & 6.34 \\
 & Gallbladder & 17.92 & \textbf{19.03} & \textbf{26.15} & 25.06 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{44.60} & 30.19 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{43.74} & 30.57 \\
 & Hippocampus (Ant) & 12.19 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{16.96} & 11.16 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{17.86} & 22.16 & \textbf{23.62} & 24.86 & \textbf{25.37} \\
 & Hippocampus (Post) & 12.94 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{33.89} & 14.00 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{33.10} & 16.91 & \textbf{18.43} & \textbf{23.74} & 23.46 \\
 & Kidney (L) & \textbf{45.19} & 44.44 & \textbf{51.67} & 48.77 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{58.07} & 49.23 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{56.81} & 48.07 \\
 & Kidney (R) & 52.73 & \textbf{54.43} & \textbf{60.53} & 55.93 & \textbf{63.28} & 58.29 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{64.40} & 57.42 \\
 & Left Atrium & 17.72 & \textbf{30.41} & 26.22 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{43.65} & 22.47 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{44.23} & 18.94 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{39.46} \\
 & Left Ventricle & 80.38 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{93.17} & 74.32 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{92.54} & 88.21 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{93.62} & 89.88 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{94.21} \\
 & Liver & 36.37 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{57.46} & 42.94 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{63.12} & 51.25 & \textbf{56.39} & 48.65 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{56.42} \\
 & Myocardium & 36.92 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{78.24} & 39.56 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{74.10} & 52.95 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{72.88} & 82.46 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{84.75} \\
 & Pancreas & 6.49 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{22.87} & 11.26 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{24.57} & 18.24 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{24.35} & 17.72 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{23.83} \\
 & Prostate & 12.22 & \textbf{17.70} & 15.90 & \textbf{19.59} & \textbf{28.12} & 23.61 & \textbf{28.10} & 23.65 \\
 & Right Ventricle & 52.39 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{77.29} & 46.01 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{82.76} & 80.41 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{85.60} & 82.61 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{86.37} \\
 & Spleen & 26.91 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{49.94} & 36.22 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{56.99} & 56.52 & \textbf{58.78} & \textbf{59.15} & 59.11 \\
\midrule

\multirow{8}{*}{US}
 & Carotid Artery (L) & \textbf{13.55} & 10.99 & \textbf{23.53} & 23.46 & 5.98 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{56.65} & 5.65 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{41.36} \\
 & Carotid Artery (R) & 1.14 & \textbf{11.92} & 17.83 & \textbf{21.67} & 17.00 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{51.12} & 22.86 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{60.69} \\
 & Jugular Vein (L) & 7.76 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{30.69} & 19.62 & \textbf{30.55} & 5.45 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{35.30} & 5.57 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{39.52} \\
 & Jugular Vein (R) & 2.33 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{17.84} & 7.93 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{31.92} & 10.71 & \textbf{28.16} & 21.49 & \textbf{29.05} \\
 & Left Atrium & 19.49 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{28.59} & 30.34 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{66.11} & 79.08 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{83.82} & 90.34 & \textbf{90.60} \\
 & LV Endocardium & 27.47 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{67.48} & 62.50 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{72.98} & 85.38 & \textbf{85.79} & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{91.93} & 91.19 \\
 & LV Epicardium & 24.15 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{28.04} & 25.84 & \textbf{27.24} & 41.54 & \textbf{42.29} & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{82.20} & 78.17 \\
 & Thyroid & 10.13 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{32.65} & 19.87 & \cellcolor{sigStrong}\textbf{53.90} & 10.53 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{28.10} & 7.27 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{27.58} \\
\midrule

\multirow{12}{*}{Endoscopy}
 & Abdominal Wall & 55.77 & \textbf{67.42} & 58.14 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{79.41} & 69.20 & \textbf{82.56} & 81.23 & \textbf{87.81} \\
 & Blood & 5.11 & \textbf{12.94} & 7.91 & \textbf{38.80} & 25.77 & \textbf{33.39} & 10.14 & \textbf{38.22} \\
 & Connective Tissue & \textbf{70.45} & 66.32 & \textbf{65.73} & 61.16 & 61.14 & \textbf{72.24} & 69.91 & \textbf{74.55} \\
 & Cystic Duct & \textbf{0.15} & 0.14 & \textbf{0.20} & 0.14 & \textbf{1.42} & 0.20 & \textbf{0.16} & 0.16 \\
 & Fat & 60.00 & \textbf{71.43} & \textbf{61.71} & 60.90 & 38.42 & \textbf{40.78} & 87.20 & \textbf{88.14} \\
 & Gallbladder & 72.49 & \textbf{79.18} & 74.95 & \textbf{75.38} & \textbf{82.81} & 81.17 & 78.73 & \textbf{83.80} \\
 & GI Tract & 37.83 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{65.02} & 31.49 & \cellcolor{sigWeak}\textbf{70.83} & 69.57 & \textbf{75.84} & \textbf{76.77} & 73.30 \\
 & Grasper & 74.59 & \textbf{82.47} & 75.64 & \textbf{78.21} & 77.65 & \textbf{78.93} & 76.35 & \textbf{80.76} \\
 & Hepatic Vein & 19.49 & \textbf{21.62} & 20.05 & \textbf{21.70} & 20.71 & \textbf{21.64} & 20.76 & \textbf{23.08} \\
 & L-Hook Electrocautery & \textbf{66.84} & 64.50 & 65.91 & \textbf{68.58} & 65.91 & \textbf{69.64} & 66.78 & \textbf{69.98} \\
 & Liver & 57.40 & \textbf{59.78} & 60.89 & \textbf{68.48} & \textbf{67.76} & 67.12 & 88.49 & \textbf{90.33} \\
 & Liver Ligament & \textbf{98.69} & 98.29 & \textbf{98.65} & 96.16 & \textbf{98.76} & 98.55 & \textbf{98.72} & 98.51 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
