{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Physics \u2192 Relativity \u2192 Special Relativity", "refinement": "This problem examines the behavior of light in relation to an observer in a different inertial frame, specifically focusing on the principles of special relativity.", "specific_scope": "The scenario involves a spaceship moving at a constant velocity while emitting a light beam perpendicular to its direction of motion, requiring an analysis of how the speed of light is perceived by an external observer.", "goal": "Determine the speed of the light beam as observed from Earth, applying the principles of special relativity."}, "summary": "This problem is rooted in the principles of special relativity, which states that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and equal to c (or 1 in this case) for all observers, regardless of their relative motion. In this scenario, a spaceship emits a light beam perpendicular to its motion, and according to special relativity, the speed of light remains c (1) as observed from Earth. Thus, the answer is that the speed of the light beam as observed from Earth is 1."}