{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Biology \u2192 Population Genetics \u2192 Evolutionary Theory", "refinement": "This problem examines the dynamics of a hypothetical population under specific genetic and environmental conditions, focusing on the implications of heritability, selection, and geographic distribution.", "specific_scope": "The analysis is centered on the relationship between phenotype measurements across two geographic regions of an infinite population with defined genetic parameters and no selection pressure.", "goal": "Determine which statements about the population and its phenotypic measurements must always be true based on the provided conditions."}, "summary": "In this population genetics scenario, we are tasked with evaluating the truth of several statements based on the characteristics of a hypothetical population. Given that there is no selection on the phenotype, parents do raise their offspring, and the population is structured to prevent speciation, we can conclude that statement 1 is true. However, statement 4 is also true because the population is evenly dispersed and there is no selection, leading to no substantial differences in phenotype between the two geographic groups. Therefore, the correct answer is that statements 1 and 4 must always be true."}