{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Astronomy \u2192 Stellar Observations \u2192 Spectroscopy", "refinement": "This problem involves determining the detectability of stars based on their brightness and distance, using the capabilities of a specific spectrograph (ESPRESSO) and telescope (VLT).", "specific_scope": "The focus is on evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for various stars to see if they meet the threshold for detectability during a 1-hour exposure.", "goal": "Identify how many of the listed stars can be detected with a S/N of at least 10 per binned pixel using the ESPRESSO spectrograph."}, "summary": "This problem requires evaluating the detectability of several stars using the ESPRESSO spectrograph at the VLT telescope based on their brightness and distance. A star is detectable if it achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of at least 10 per binned pixel during a 1-hour exposure. The task involves calculating the apparent magnitudes of the stars based on their absolute magnitudes and distances, and then determining how many meet the S/N criteria. The goal is to find out how many of the listed stars can be detected under these conditions."}