{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Chemistry \u2192 Organic Chemistry \u2192 Isomerism", "refinement": "This topic focuses on the classification of isomers, specifically optical isomers, which are compounds that can exist in two non-superimposable mirror images (enantiomers).", "specific_scope": "The task involves identifying which of the given organic compounds exhibit optical isomerism based on their structural features and the presence of chiral centers.", "goal": "Determine which of the listed compounds can exist as optical isomers due to their structural characteristics."}, "summary": "In this problem, we are examining organic compounds to identify those that exhibit optical isomerism, which occurs when a molecule has a chiral center, allowing for non-superimposable mirror images. The compounds listed include dimethyl 6,6'-dinitro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-dicarboxylate, methyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, benzophenone, and dimethyl fumarate. The correct answer indicates that compounds 1 and 2 show optical isomerism due to their structural arrangements that allow for chirality."}