{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Astronomy \u2192 Stellar Observations \u2192 Spectroscopy", "refinement": "This problem involves determining the detectability of stars based on their brightness and distance, using the capabilities of the ESPRESSO spectrograph.", "specific_scope": "The focus is on evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for each star based on its apparent magnitude, distance, and the specifications of the ESPRESSO instrument during a 1-hour exposure.", "goal": "Identify how many of the listed stars can achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 10 per binned pixel."}, "summary": "This problem requires assessing the detectability of various stars using the ESPRESSO spectrograph, which is sensitive to brightness and distance. The task involves calculating the apparent magnitude of each star based on its absolute magnitude and distance, then determining if the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) meets the threshold of 10 per binned pixel during a 1-hour exposure. The goal is to find out how many of the listed stars can be detected under these conditions."}