{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Statistics \u2192 Hypothesis Testing \u2192 Chi-Square Test", "refinement": "This problem involves testing the hypothesis of independent assortment in a genetic cross using observed and expected phenotypic ratios.", "specific_scope": "The focus is on analyzing the offspring phenotypes from a three-gene cross in pea plants to determine if the observed frequencies significantly deviate from expected frequencies under the assumption of independent assortment.", "goal": "Identify which combination of offspring phenotypes would most likely lead to the rejection of the hypothesis of independent assortment at a significance level of 0.05."}, "summary": "This problem involves using a chi-square test to evaluate the hypothesis of independent assortment in a genetic cross of pea plants. The task is to analyze different combinations of offspring phenotypes to determine which set would most likely result in a significant deviation from expected ratios, leading to the rejection of the hypothesis. The combination with extreme observed frequencies, particularly those with zero counts for certain phenotypes, is more likely to indicate a violation of the independent assortment principle."}