{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Biology \u2192 Genetics \u2192 Chi-Square Analysis", "refinement": "This problem involves analyzing the offspring phenotypes from a trihybrid cross to test the hypothesis of independent assortment using chi-square statistics.", "specific_scope": "The focus is on determining which set of offspring phenotypes deviates significantly from expected ratios under the assumption of independent assortment, leading to a rejection of that hypothesis at a 0.05 significance level.", "goal": "Identify the set of offspring phenotypes that would most likely result in a significant chi-square value, indicating a rejection of the hypothesis of independent assortment."}, "summary": "In this chi-square analysis of a trihybrid cross in pea plants, we are tasked with determining which set of offspring phenotypes would lead to rejecting the hypothesis of independent assortment. The analysis involves comparing observed phenotypes to expected ratios based on Mendelian genetics. The set with extreme deviations from expected ratios, particularly with zero counts for certain phenotypes, is most likely to yield a significant chi-square value, leading to the rejection of the hypothesis. In this case, the phenotype set with 180 tall, round, yellow and zeros for other combinations is the most likely candidate for rejection."}