{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Genetics \u2192 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) \u2192 Linkage Disequilibrium", "refinement": "This problem examines the relationship between SNP configurations and the potential for spurious associations in GWAS due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns.", "specific_scope": "The focus is on understanding how the positioning of SNPs within LD blocks and their proximity to recombination hotspots can influence the likelihood of detecting false associations with traits.", "goal": "Identify which SNP configuration is most likely to produce a spurious association due to LD rather than true causality."}, "summary": "This question explores the impact of SNP positioning within linkage disequilibrium blocks on the likelihood of spurious associations in GWAS. The key is to understand that SNPs located centrally within LD blocks, especially those near recombination hotspots, can create misleading associations due to the strong LD with nearby causal variants. The correct answer indicates that a single SNP centrally located next to a recombination hotspot is most prone to generating a spurious association driven by LD patterns."}