{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Chemistry \u2192 Organic Reactions \u2192 Nucleophilic Addition and Hydrolysis", "refinement": "This problem involves identifying suitable reagents for specific organic transformations, including nucleophilic addition and subsequent hydrolysis reactions.", "specific_scope": "The first reaction involves the addition of a cyanide ion to an aldehyde, while the second reaction involves the hydrolysis of a nitrile to form a carboxylic acid.", "goal": "Select the correct reagents that facilitate the conversion of propanal to 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile and the conversion of 2-(3-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanenitrile to 2-(3-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid."}, "summary": "This problem requires selecting appropriate reagents for two organic reactions: the first involves the nucleophilic addition of cyanide to propanal, leading to the formation of a hydroxynitrile, while the second involves the hydrolysis of that nitrile to produce a carboxylic acid. The correct reagents are NaHSO3 for the first reaction to stabilize the intermediate and HCl for the second reaction to facilitate the hydrolysis process."}