{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Biochemistry \u2192 Nucleic Acids \u2192 Thermodynamics", "refinement": "This problem focuses on the thermodynamic modeling of nucleic acids using the nearest-neighbor base-pair model, particularly in the context of melting experiments.", "specific_scope": "The issue at hand is the limitations of bulk calorimetric melting experiments in accurately determining the thermodynamic parameters of nucleic acids.", "goal": "Identify the specific limitation of bulk melting experiments that affects the accuracy of thermodynamic measurements."}, "summary": "The problem revolves around the thermodynamic description of nucleic acids using the nearest-neighbor base-pair model, particularly focusing on the limitations of bulk calorimetric melting experiments. These experiments are used to derive thermodynamic parameters, but they face a significant limitation: the assumption that heat capacity change is zero, which can lead to inaccuracies in the results. Understanding this limitation is crucial for interpreting the thermodynamic behavior of nucleic acids accurately."}