{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Biology \u2192 Genetics \u2192 Mendelian Inheritance", "refinement": "This problem involves analyzing phenotypic ratios from a genetic cross to determine if the observed data supports the principle of independent assortment.", "specific_scope": "The focus is on a trihybrid cross of pea plants, where the expected phenotypic ratio is compared to observed counts to test for deviations from expected ratios.", "goal": "Identify which dataset most strongly contradicts the hypothesis of independent assortment at the 0.05 significance level."}, "summary": "This problem examines the genetic inheritance patterns in a trihybrid cross of pea plants, specifically testing the principle of independent assortment. By comparing observed phenotypic counts to the expected 27:9:9:3:9:3:3:1 ratio, we can determine which dataset shows the greatest deviation from expected outcomes. The dataset with extreme counts, particularly with zero counts for several phenotypes, strongly contradicts the independent assortment hypothesis, making it the most significant outlier."}