{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Astronomy \u2192 Stellar Properties \u2192 Stellar Observations", "refinement": "This problem involves analyzing the effects of surface features (dark spots) on the observed properties of a star.", "specific_scope": "The focus is on calculating the effective brightness or temperature of a star with a specific filling factor of dark spots on its surface.", "goal": "Determine the effective temperature or brightness ratio of the star based on the presence of dark spots."}, "summary": "This problem relates to astronomy, specifically the observation of stars and their properties. It involves calculating how the presence of dark spots on a star's surface affects its overall brightness or temperature. The filling factor of the dark spots is given, and the task is to determine the effective brightness ratio of the star. The answer provided indicates that the effective brightness ratio is 0.32, which reflects the impact of the dark spots on the star's observed characteristics."}