{"knowledge_schema": {"broad_category": "Astronomy \u2192 Stellar Properties \u2192 Effective Temperature", "refinement": "This problem involves understanding the relationship between a star's physical characteristics (mass, radius) and its effective temperature, particularly in the context of changes due to surface conditions (like dark spots).", "specific_scope": "The focus is on calculating the effective temperature of a star based on its radius and mass compared to the Sun, and how this temperature changes when dark spots are present.", "goal": "Determine the new effective temperature of the star when dark spots are present, using the given parameters."}, "summary": "This problem relates to astronomy and the study of stellar properties, specifically how a star's effective temperature can be influenced by its physical characteristics and surface conditions. The task involves calculating the effective temperature of a star with a radius and mass relative to the Sun, and understanding how the presence of dark spots affects this temperature. The goal is to find the new effective temperature when dark spots are present, leading to the answer of 4.5."}