### Canonicalized Input Description:

1. An integer \( N \) (1 ≤ \( N \) ≤ 3 × 10^5), representing some quantity or size.
2. A list of integers \( A \) of size \( N \), where each integer \( A[i] \) (1 ≤ \( A[i] \) ≤ \( N \)).

### Example Input:

```
3
1 3 3
```

### Function Signature:

Write a function `f(N, A)` that takes in the input.

```python
def f(N: int, A: List[int]):
    '''
    N: an integer
    A: a list of integers
    '''
```