Based on prior knowledge, marital status can be a good predictor of income. Generally, married individuals tend to have higher incomes compared to individuals who are not married. 

Here is the analysis of the relationship between the "marital-status" feature and the task of determining if a person earns more than $50,000 per year:

- Individuals in the "Married-civ-spouse" category are more likely to earn more than $50,000 per year.
- "Never-married" individuals are more likely to earn less than $50,000 per year.
- The "Widowed," "Divorced," and "Separated" categories may not have a strong relationship with income, as it can vary widely within these categories.
- The categories "Married-spouse-absent" and "Married-AF-spouse" may also have some relationship with higher income, but the prevalence of these categories might be relatively low.

Based on this analysis, let's create the dictionary:

```json
{
	"no": ["Never-married", "Widowed", "Divorced", "Separated"],
	"yes": ["Married-civ-spouse"]
}
```

Please note that the values included in the lists are based on the analysis and might not cover all possible values. The aim is to highlight the main categories with a clear relationship to the target variable.