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 👋 Hi, everyone! 
    verl is a RL training library initiated by <b>ByteDance Seed team</b> and maintained by the verl community.
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<h1 style="text-align: center;">verl: Volcano Engine Reinforcement Learning for LLMs</h1>

verl is a flexible, efficient and production-ready RL training library for large language models (LLMs).

verl is the open-source version of **[HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19256v2)** paper.

verl is flexible and easy to use with:

- **Easy extension of diverse RL algorithms**: The hybrid-controller programming model enables flexible representation and efficient execution of complex Post-Training dataflows. Build RL dataflows such as GRPO, PPO in a few lines of code.

- **Seamless integration of existing LLM infra with modular APIs**: Decouples computation and data dependencies, enabling seamless integration with existing LLM frameworks, such as FSDP, Megatron-LM, vLLM, SGLang, etc

- **Flexible device mapping**: Supports various placement of models onto different sets of GPUs for efficient resource utilization and scalability across different cluster sizes.

- Ready integration with popular HuggingFace models

verl is fast with:

- **State-of-the-art throughput**: SOTA LLM training and inference engine integrations and SOTA RL throughput.

- **Efficient actor model resharding with 3D-HybridEngine**: Eliminates memory redundancy and significantly reduces communication overhead during transitions between training and generation phases.

</p>

## News

- [2025/06] verl team will provide latest project updates at [PyTorch Day China](https://www.lfasiallc.com/pytorch-day-china/) on June 7th. Meet our dev team in Beijing!
- [2025/05] [PF-PPO](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06957), accepted to ICML 2025, is now supported in verl! PF-PPO enhances policy learning efficiency and robustness by filtering potentially noisy reward signals and reusing high-quality experiences via a replay buffer.
- [2025/04] We will give a tutorial about latest post-training techniques and programming guide for verl at [ICLR 2025 Expo](https://iclr.cc/virtual/2025/calendar?filter_events=Expo+Talk+Panel&filter_rooms=), [SCI-FM workshop](https://open-foundation-model.github.io/) and [LMSys afterparty](https://lu.ma/d23nyynm). Talk materials available [here](https://github.com/eric-haibin-lin/verl-community/tree/main/iclr25).
- [2025/04] [Seed-Thinking-v1.5](https://github.com/ByteDance-Seed/Seed-Thinking-v1.5/blob/main/seed-thinking-v1.5.pdf) tech report is released! Trained with verl, Seed-Thinking-v1.5 achieves 86.7 on AIME 2024, 55.0 on Codeforces and 77.3 on GPQA, demonstrating excellent reasoning abilities in STEM and coding. Beyond reasoning tasks, the method demonstrates notable generalization across diverse domains.
- [2025/04] We are working on open source recipe for [VAPO](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.05118) (value-based augmented PPO), our latest RL method for reasoning models. Trained from Qwen-32B-base model, VAPO achieves 60.4 on AIME 2024, outperforming DeepSeek-zero-32B and DAPO-32B.
- [2025/03] verl v0.3.0.post1 is released! See [release note](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/releases/) for details. It achieves [~1.4x speedup](https://tongyx361.github.io/blogs/posts/verl-intro/#/verl-flexible-and-efficient-rl-for-llms) compared to prev versions.
- [2025/03] [DAPO](https://dapo-sia.github.io/) is the open-sourced SOTA RL algorithm that achieves 50 points on AIME 2024 based on the Qwen2.5-32B pre-trained model, surpassing the previous SOTA achieved by DeepSeek's GRPO (DeepSeek-R1-Zero-Qwen-32B). DAPO's training is fully powered by verl and the reproduction code is available in `recipe/dapo` now.
<details><summary> more... </summary>
<ul>
  <li>[2025/05] verl will be presented at [A2M Shanghai](https://a2m.msup.com.cn/home/?aid=4488&city=shanghai) on 5/16 - 5/17.</li>
  <li>[2025/05] verl will be presented at [GOSIM x PyTorch Day 2025](https://paris2025.gosim.org/). See you in Paris! </li>
  <li>[2025/03] We introduced the programming model of verl at the [vLLM Beijing Meetup](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/n77GibL2corAtQHtVEAzfg) and [verl intro and updates](https://github.com/eric-haibin-lin/verl-community/blob/main/slides/verl-lmsys-meetup.pdf) at the [SGLang-LMSYS Org Meetup](https://lu.ma/ntjrr7ig) in Sunnyvale mid-March.</li>
  <li>[2025/02] verl v0.2.0.post2 is released!</li>
  <li>[2025/01] [Doubao-1.5-pro](https://team.doubao.com/zh/special/doubao_1_5_pro) is released with SOTA-level performance on LLM & VLM. The RL scaling preview model is trained using verl, reaching OpenAI O1-level performance on math benchmarks (70.0 pass@1 on AIME).</li>
  <li>[2025/03] We will present verl(HybridFlow) at EuroSys 2025. See you in Rotterdam!</li>
  <li>[2025/02] We presented verl in the <a href="https://lu.ma/ji7atxux">Bytedance/NVIDIA/Anyscale Ray Meetup</a>. See you in San Jose!</li>
  <li>[2024/12] verl is presented at Ray Forward 2024. Slides available <a href="https://github.com/eric-haibin-lin/verl-community/blob/main/slides/Ray_Forward_2024_%E5%B7%AB%E9%94%A1%E6%96%8C.pdf">here</a></li>
  <li>[2024/10] verl is presented at Ray Summit. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrhMcXkXvJU&list=PLzTswPQNepXntmT8jr9WaNfqQ60QwW7-U&index=37">Youtube video</a> available.</li>
  <li>[2024/12] The team presented <a href="https://neurips.cc/Expo/Conferences/2024/workshop/100677">Post-training LLMs: From Algorithms to Infrastructure</a> at NeurIPS 2024. <a href="https://github.com/eric-haibin-lin/verl-data/tree/neurips">Slides</a> and <a href="https://neurips.cc/Expo/Conferences/2024/workshop/100677">video</a> available.</li>
  <li>[2024/08] HybridFlow (verl) is accepted to EuroSys 2025.</li>
</ul>   
</details>

## Key Features

- **FSDP**, **FSDP2** and **Megatron-LM** for training.
- **vLLM**, **SGLang** and **HF Transformers** for rollout generation.
- Compatible with Hugging Face Transformers and Modelscope Hub: [Qwen-3](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/blob/main/examples/grpo_trainer/run_qwen3-8b.sh), Qwen-2.5, Llama3.1, Gemma2, DeepSeek-LLM, etc
- Supervised fine-tuning.
- Reinforcement learning with [PPO](examples/ppo_trainer/), [GRPO](examples/grpo_trainer/), [ReMax](examples/remax_trainer/), [REINFORCE++](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/config.html#algorithm), [RLOO](examples/rloo_trainer/), [PRIME](recipe/prime/), [DAPO](recipe/dapo/), [DrGRPO](recipe/drgrpo), etc.
  - Support model-based reward and function-based reward (verifiable reward) for math, [coding](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/tree/main/recipe/dapo), etc
  - Support vision-language models (VLMs) and [multi-modal RL](examples/grpo_trainer/run_qwen2_5_vl-7b.sh)
  - [Multi-turn with tool calling](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/tree/main/examples/sglang_multiturn)
- LLM alignment recipes such as [Self-play preference optimization (SPPO)](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/tree/main/recipe/sppo)
- Flash attention 2, [sequence packing](examples/ppo_trainer/run_qwen2-7b_seq_balance.sh), [sequence parallelism](examples/ppo_trainer/run_deepseek7b_llm_sp2.sh) support via DeepSpeed Ulysses, [LoRA](examples/sft/gsm8k/run_qwen_05_peft.sh), [Liger-kernel](examples/sft/gsm8k/run_qwen_05_sp2_liger.sh).
- Scales up to 70B models and hundreds of GPUs.
- Lora RL support to save memory.
- Experiment tracking with wandb, swanlab, mlflow and tensorboard.

## Upcoming Features and Changes

- Roadmap https://github.com/volcengine/verl/issues/710
- DeepSeek 671b optimizations with Megatron v0.11 https://github.com/volcengine/verl/issues/708
- Multi-turn rollout optimizations https://github.com/volcengine/verl/pull/1037 https://github.com/volcengine/verl/pull/1138
- Environment interactions https://github.com/volcengine/verl/issues/1172
- List of breaking changes since v0.3 https://github.com/volcengine/verl/discussions/943, entropy_coeff defaults to 0
- Lora for RL https://github.com/volcengine/verl/pull/1127 

## Getting Started

<a href="https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html"><b>Documentation</b></a>

**Quickstart:**

- [Installation](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/start/install.html)
- [Quickstart](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/start/quickstart.html)
- [Programming Guide](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/hybrid_flow.html)

**Running a PPO example step-by-step:**

- Data and Reward Preparation
  - [Prepare Data for Post-Training](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/preparation/prepare_data.html)
  - [Implement Reward Function for Dataset](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/preparation/reward_function.html)
- Understanding the PPO Example
  - [PPO Example Architecture](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/ppo_code_architecture.html)
  - [Config Explanation](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/config.html)
  - [Run GSM8K Example](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples/gsm8k_example.html)

**Reproducible algorithm baselines:**

- [PPO, GRPO, ReMax](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/experiment/ppo.html)

**For code explanation and advance usage (extension):**

- PPO Trainer and Workers
  - [PPO Ray Trainer](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workers/ray_trainer.html)
  - [PyTorch FSDP Backend](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workers/fsdp_workers.html)
  - [Megatron-LM Backend](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)
- Advance Usage and Extension
  - [Multi-turn Rollout Support](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/sglang_multiturn/multiturn.html)
  - [Ray API design tutorial](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advance/placement.html)
  - [Extend to Other RL(HF) algorithms](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advance/dpo_extension.html)
  - [Add Models with the FSDP Backend](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advance/fsdp_extension.html)
  - [Add Models with the Megatron-LM Backend](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advance/megatron_extension.html)
  - [Deployment using Separate GPU Resources](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/tree/main/examples/split_placement)

**Blogs from the community**

- [SGLang, verl, OpenBMB and Tsinghua University: Pioneering End-to-End Multi-Turn RLHF](https://github.com/zhaochenyang20/Awesome-ML-SYS-Tutorial/blob/main/rlhf/verl/multi-turn/verl-multiturn-rollout-Release.md)
- [Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback on AMD GPUs with verl and ROCm Integration](https://rocm.blogs.amd.com/artificial-intelligence/verl-large-scale/README.html)
- [veMLP x verl ：玩转强化学习训练](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7nbqxk4knMGd-hQE9ls2tA)
- [使用 verl 进行 GRPO 分布式强化学习训练最佳实践](https://www.volcengine.com/docs/6459/1463942)
- [HybridFlow verl 原文浅析](https://github.com/zhaochenyang20/Awesome-ML-SYS-Tutorial/blob/main/rlhf/verl/readme.md)
- [最高提升 20 倍吞吐量！豆包大模型团队发布全新 RLHF 框架，现已开源！](https://team.doubao.com/en/blog/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%8720%E5%80%8D%E5%90%9E%E5%90%90%E9%87%8F-%E8%B1%86%E5%8C%85%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%9B%A2%E9%98%9F%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0-rlhf-%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6-%E7%8E%B0%E5%B7%B2%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90)

## Performance Tuning Guide

The performance is essential for on-policy RL algorithm. We have written a detailed [performance tuning guide](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/perf/perf_tuning.html) to help you optimize performance.

## Upgrade to vLLM >= v0.8.2

verl now supports vLLM>=0.8.2 when using FSDP as the training backend. Please refer to [this document](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/blob/main/docs/README_vllm0.8.md) for the installation guide and more information. Please avoid vllm 0.7.x, which contains bugs that may lead to OOMs and unexpected errors.

## Use Latest SGLang

SGLang is fully supported with verl, and SGLang RL Group is working extensively on building unique features, including multi-turn agentic RL, VLM RLHF, server-based RL, and partial rollout. Please refer to [this document](https://verl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workers/sglang_worker.html) for the installation guide and more information.

## Upgrade to FSDP2

verl is fully embracing FSDP2! FSDP2 is recommended by torch distributed team, providing better throughput and memory usage, and is composible with other features (e.g. torch.compile). To enable FSDP2, simply use verl main and set the following options:
```
actor_rollout_ref.ref.strategy=fsdp2
actor_rollout_ref.actor.strategy=fsdp2
critic.strategy=fsdp2 
reward_model.strategy=fsdp2 
```
Furthermore, FSDP2 cpu offloading is compatible with gradient accumulation. You can turn it on to save memory with `actor_rollout_ref.actor.offload_policy=True`. For more details, see https://github.com/volcengine/verl/pull/1026

## [Hardware] Support AMD (ROCm Kernel)

verl now supports FSDP as the training engine (Megatron support coming soon) and both integrates with vLLM and SGLang as inference engines. Please refer to [this document](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/blob/main/docs/amd_tutorial/amd_build_dockerfile_page.rst) for the installation guide and more information, and [this document](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/blob/main/docs/amd_tutorial/amd_vllm_page.rst) for the vLLM performance tuning for ROCm.


## Citation and acknowledgement

If you find the project helpful, please cite:

- [HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19256v2)
- [A Framework for Training Large Language Models for Code Generation via Proximal Policy Optimization](https://i.cs.hku.hk/~cwu/papers/gmsheng-NL2Code24.pdf)

```bibtex
@article{sheng2024hybridflow,
  title   = {HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework},
  author  = {Guangming Sheng and Chi Zhang and Zilingfeng Ye and Xibin Wu and Wang Zhang and Ru Zhang and Yanghua Peng and Haibin Lin and Chuan Wu},
  year    = {2024},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv: 2409.19256}
}
```

verl is inspired by the design of Nemo-Aligner, Deepspeed-chat and OpenRLHF. The project is adopted and contributed by Bytedance, Anyscale, LMSys.org, [Alibaba Qwen team](https://github.com/QwenLM/), Shanghai AI Lab, Tsinghua University, UC Berkeley, UCLA, UIUC, University of Hong Kong, ke.com, [All Hands AI](https://www.all-hands.dev/), [ModelBest](http://modelbest.cn/), [OpenPipe](https://openpipe.ai/), JD AI Lab, Microsoft Research, [StepFun](https://www.stepfun.com/), Amazon, Linkedin, Meituan, [Camel-AI](https://www.camel-ai.org/), [OpenManus](https://github.com/OpenManus), Xiaomi, Prime Intellect, NVIDIA research, [Baichuan](https://www.baichuan-ai.com/home), [RedNote](https://www.xiaohongshu.com/), [SwissAI](https://www.swiss-ai.org/), and many more.

## Awesome work using verl

- [TinyZero](https://github.com/Jiayi-Pan/TinyZero): a reproduction of **DeepSeek R1 Zero** recipe for reasoning tasks ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/Jiayi-Pan/TinyZero)
- [SkyThought](https://github.com/NovaSky-AI/SkyThought): RL training for Sky-T1-7B by NovaSky AI team. ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/NovaSky-AI/SkyThought)
- [simpleRL-reason](https://github.com/hkust-nlp/simpleRL-reason): SimpleRL-Zoo: Investigating and Taming Zero Reinforcement Learning for Open Base Models in the Wild ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/hkust-nlp/simpleRL-reason)
- [Easy-R1](https://github.com/hiyouga/EasyR1): **Multi-modal** RL training framework ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/hiyouga/EasyR1)
- [OpenManus-RL](https://github.com/OpenManus/OpenManus-RL): LLM Agents RL tunning framework for multiple agent environments. ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/OpenManus/OpenManus-RL)
- [rllm](https://github.com/agentica-project/rllm): async RL training with [verl-pipeline](https://github.com/agentica-project/verl-pipeline) ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/agentica-project/rllm)
- [PRIME](https://github.com/PRIME-RL/PRIME): Process reinforcement through implicit rewards ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/PRIME-RL/PRIME)
- [RAGEN](https://github.com/ZihanWang314/ragen): a general-purpose reasoning **agent** training framework ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/ZihanWang314/ragen)
- [Logic-RL](https://github.com/Unakar/Logic-RL): a reproduction of DeepSeek R1 Zero on 2K Tiny Logic Puzzle Dataset. ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/Unakar/Logic-RL)
- [Search-R1](https://github.com/PeterGriffinJin/Search-R1): RL with reasoning and **searching (tool-call)** interleaved LLMs ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/PeterGriffinJin/Search-R1)
- [DeepRetrieval](https://github.com/pat-jj/DeepRetrieval): RL Training of **Search Agent** with **Search/Retrieval Outcome** ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/pat-jj/DeepRetrieval)
- [ReSearch](https://github.com/Agent-RL/ReSearch): Learning to **Re**ason with **Search** for LLMs via Reinforcement Learning ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/Agent-RL/ReSearch)
- [Code-R1](https://github.com/ganler/code-r1): Reproducing R1 for **Code** with Reliable Rewards ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/ganler/code-r1)
- [Skywork-OR1](https://github.com/SkyworkAI/Skywork-OR1): Skywork open reaonser series ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/SkyworkAI/Skywork-OR1)
- [ToRL](https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/ToRL): Scaling tool-integrated RL ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/GAIR-NLP/ToRL)
- [verl-agent](https://github.com/langfengQ/verl-agent): A scalable training framework for **long-horizon LLM/VLM agents**, along with a new algorithm **GiGPO** ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/langfengQ/verl-agent)
- [PF-PPO](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06957): Policy Filtration for PPO based on the reliability of reward signals for more efficient and robust RLHF.
- [GUI-R1](https://github.com/ritzz-ai/GUI-R1): **GUI-R1**: A Generalist R1-style Vision-Language Action Model For **GUI Agents** ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/ritzz-ai/GUI-R1)
- [DeepResearcher](https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/DeepResearcher): Scaling deep research via reinforcement learning in real-world environments ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/GAIR-NLP/DeepResearcher)
- [VAGEN](https://github.com/RAGEN-AI/VAGEN): Training VLM agents with multi-turn reinforcement learning ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/RAGEN-AI/VAGEN)
- [ReTool](https://retool-rl.github.io/): ReTool: reinforcement learning for strategic tool use in LLMs
- [Seed-Coder](https://github.com/ByteDance-Seed/Seed-Coder): RL training of Seed-Coder boosts performance on competitive programming ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/ByteDance-Seed/Seed-Coder)
- [all-hands/openhands-lm-32b-v0.1](https://www.all-hands.dev/blog/introducing-openhands-lm-32b----a-strong-open-coding-agent-model): A strong, open coding agent model, trained with [multi-turn fine-tuning](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/pull/195)
- [RM-R1](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02387): RL training of reasoning reward models ![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/RM-R1-UIUC/RM-R1)
- [Absolute Zero Reasoner](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03335): A no human curated data self-play framework for reasoning![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/LeapLabTHU/Absolute-Zero-Reasoner)

and many more awesome work listed in [recipe](recipe/README.md).
## Contribution Guide

Contributions from the community are welcome! Please check out our [project roadmap](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/issues/710) and [good first issues](https://github.com/volcengine/verl/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20state%3Aopen%20label%3A%22good%20first%20issue%22) to see where you can contribute.

### Code Linting and Formatting

We use pre-commit to help improve code quality. To initialize pre-commit, run:

```bash
pip install pre-commit
pre-commit install
```

To resolve CI errors locally, you can manually run pre-commit by:

```bash
pre-commit run
```

### Adding CI tests

If possible, please add CI test(s) for your new feature:

1. Find the most relevant workflow yml file, which usually corresponds to a `hydra` default config (e.g. `ppo_trainer`, `ppo_megatron_trainer`, `sft_trainer`, etc).
2. Add related path patterns to the `paths` section if not already included.
3. Minimize the workload of the test script(s) (see existing scripts for examples).

## About [ByteDance Seed Team](https://team.doubao.com/)

Founded in 2023, ByteDance Seed Team is dedicated to crafting the industry's most advanced AI foundation models. The team aspires to become a world-class research team and make significant contributions to the advancement of science and society. You can get to know Bytedance Seed better through the following channels👇
<div>
  <a href="https://team.doubao.com/">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-%231e37ff?style=for-the-badge&logo=bytedance&logoColor=white"></a>
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    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/WeChat-07C160?style=for-the-badge&logo=wechat&logoColor=white"></a>
 <a href="https://www.xiaohongshu.com/user/profile/668e7e15000000000303157d?xsec_token=ABl2-aqekpytY6A8TuxjrwnZskU-6BsMRE_ufQQaSAvjc%3D&xsec_source=pc_search">
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    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/zhihu-%230084FF?style=for-the-badge&logo=zhihu&logoColor=white"></a>

</div>
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We are HIRING! Send us an [email](mailto:haibin.lin@bytedance.com) if you are interested in internship/FTE opportunities in RL for agents.
