# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.distributions.beta import Beta

from mmaction.registry import MODELS
from mmaction.utils import SampleList

__all__ = ['BaseMiniBatchBlending', 'MixupBlending', 'CutmixBlending']


class BaseMiniBatchBlending(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """Base class for Image Aliasing.

    Args:
        num_classes (int): Number of classes.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_classes: int) -> None:
        self.num_classes = num_classes

    @abstractmethod
    def do_blending(self, imgs: torch.Tensor, label: torch.Tensor,
                    **kwargs) -> Tuple:
        """Blending images process."""
        raise NotImplementedError

    def __call__(self, imgs: torch.Tensor, batch_data_samples: SampleList,
                 **kwargs) -> Tuple:
        """Blending data in a mini-batch.

        Images are float tensors with the shape of (B, N, C, H, W) for 2D
        recognizers or (B, N, C, T, H, W) for 3D recognizers.

        Besides, labels are converted from hard labels to soft labels.
        Hard labels are integer tensors with the shape of (B, ) and all of the
        elements are in the range [0, num_classes - 1].
        Soft labels (probability distribution over classes) are float tensors
        with the shape of (B, num_classes) and all of the elements are in
        the range [0, 1].

        Args:
            imgs (torch.Tensor): Model input images, float tensor with the
                shape of (B, N, C, H, W) or (B, N, C, T, H, W).
            batch_data_samples (List[:obj:`ActionDataSample`]): The batch
                data samples. It usually includes information such
                as `gt_labels`.

        Returns:
            mixed_imgs (torch.Tensor): Blending images, float tensor with the
                same shape of the input imgs.
            batch_data_samples (List[:obj:`ActionDataSample`]): The modified
                batch data samples. ``gt_labels`` in each data sample are
                converted from a hard label to a blended soft label, float
                tensor with the shape of (num_classes, ) and all elements are
                in range [0, 1].
        """
        label = [x.gt_labels.item for x in batch_data_samples]
        label = torch.tensor(label, dtype=torch.long).to(imgs.device)

        one_hot_label = F.one_hot(label, num_classes=self.num_classes)

        mixed_imgs, mixed_label = self.do_blending(imgs, one_hot_label,
                                                   **kwargs)

        for label_item, sample in zip(mixed_label, batch_data_samples):
            sample.gt_labels.item = label_item

        return mixed_imgs, batch_data_samples


@MODELS.register_module()
class MixupBlending(BaseMiniBatchBlending):
    """Implementing Mixup in a mini-batch.

    This module is proposed in `mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization
    <https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09412>`_.
    Code Reference https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmclassification/blob/master/mmcls/models/utils/mixup.py # noqa

    Args:
        num_classes (int): The number of classes.
        alpha (float): Parameters for Beta distribution.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_classes: int, alpha: float = .2) -> None:
        super().__init__(num_classes=num_classes)
        self.beta = Beta(alpha, alpha)

    def do_blending(self, imgs: torch.Tensor, label: torch.Tensor,
                    **kwargs) -> Tuple:
        """Blending images with mixup.

        Args:
            imgs (torch.Tensor): Model input images, float tensor with the
                shape of (B, N, C, H, W) or (B, N, C, T, H, W).
            label (torch.Tensor): One hot labels, integer tensor with the shape
                of (B, num_classes).

        Returns:
            tuple: A tuple of blended images and labels.
        """
        assert len(kwargs) == 0, f'unexpected kwargs for mixup {kwargs}'

        lam = self.beta.sample()
        batch_size = imgs.size(0)
        rand_index = torch.randperm(batch_size)

        mixed_imgs = lam * imgs + (1 - lam) * imgs[rand_index, :]
        mixed_label = lam * label + (1 - lam) * label[rand_index, :]

        return mixed_imgs, mixed_label


@MODELS.register_module()
class CutmixBlending(BaseMiniBatchBlending):
    """Implementing Cutmix in a mini-batch.

    This module is proposed in `CutMix: Regularization Strategy to Train Strong
    Classifiers with Localizable Features <https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04899>`_.
    Code Reference https://github.com/clovaai/CutMix-PyTorch

    Args:
        num_classes (int): The number of classes.
        alpha (float): Parameters for Beta distribution.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_classes: int, alpha: float = .2) -> None:
        super().__init__(num_classes=num_classes)
        self.beta = Beta(alpha, alpha)

    @staticmethod
    def rand_bbox(img_size: torch.Size, lam: torch.Tensor) -> Tuple:
        """Generate a random boudning box."""
        w = img_size[-1]
        h = img_size[-2]
        cut_rat = torch.sqrt(1. - lam)
        cut_w = torch.tensor(int(w * cut_rat))
        cut_h = torch.tensor(int(h * cut_rat))

        # uniform
        cx = torch.randint(w, (1, ))[0]
        cy = torch.randint(h, (1, ))[0]

        bbx1 = torch.clamp(cx - cut_w // 2, 0, w)
        bby1 = torch.clamp(cy - cut_h // 2, 0, h)
        bbx2 = torch.clamp(cx + cut_w // 2, 0, w)
        bby2 = torch.clamp(cy + cut_h // 2, 0, h)

        return bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2

    def do_blending(self, imgs: torch.Tensor, label: torch.Tensor,
                    **kwargs) -> Tuple:
        """Blending images with cutmix.

        Args:
            imgs (torch.Tensor): Model input images, float tensor with the
                shape of (B, N, C, H, W) or (B, N, C, T, H, W).
            label (torch.Tensor): One hot labels, integer tensor with the shape
                of (B, num_classes).

        Returns:
            tuple: A tuple of blended images and labels.
        """

        assert len(kwargs) == 0, f'unexpected kwargs for cutmix {kwargs}'

        batch_size = imgs.size(0)
        rand_index = torch.randperm(batch_size)
        lam = self.beta.sample()

        bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2 = self.rand_bbox(imgs.size(), lam)
        imgs[:, ..., bby1:bby2, bbx1:bbx2] = imgs[rand_index, ..., bby1:bby2,
                                                  bbx1:bbx2]
        lam = 1 - (1.0 * (bbx2 - bbx1) * (bby2 - bby1) /
                   (imgs.size()[-1] * imgs.size()[-2]))

        label = lam * label + (1 - lam) * label[rand_index, :]

        return imgs, label


@MODELS.register_module()
class RandomBatchAugment(BaseMiniBatchBlending):
    """Randomly choose one batch augmentation to apply.

    Args:
        augments (dict | list): configs of batch
            augmentations.
        probs (float | List[float] | None): The probabilities of each batch
            augmentations. If None, choose evenly. Defaults to None.

    Example:
        >>> augments_cfg = [
        ...     dict(type='CutmixBlending', alpha=1., num_classes=10),
        ...     dict(type='MixupBlending', alpha=1., num_classes=10)
        ... ]
        >>> batch_augment = RandomBatchAugment(augments_cfg, probs=[0.5, 0.3])
        >>> imgs = torch.randn(16, 3, 8, 32, 32)
        >>> label = torch.randint(0, 10, (16, ))
        >>> imgs, label = batch_augment(imgs, label)

    .. note ::

        To decide which batch augmentation will be used, it picks one of
        ``augments`` based on the probabilities. In the example above, the
        probability to use CutmixBlending is 0.5, to use MixupBlending is 0.3,
        and to do nothing is 0.2.
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 augments: Union[dict, list],
                 probs: Optional[Union[float, List[float]]] = None) -> None:
        if not isinstance(augments, (tuple, list)):
            augments = [augments]

        self.augments = []
        for aug in augments:
            assert isinstance(aug, dict), \
                f'blending augment config must be a dict. Got {type(aug)}'
            self.augments.append(MODELS.build(aug))

        self.num_classes = augments[0].get('num_classes')

        if isinstance(probs, float):
            probs = [probs]

        if probs is not None:
            assert len(augments) == len(probs), \
                '``augments`` and ``probs`` must have same lengths. ' \
                f'Got {len(augments)} vs {len(probs)}.'
            assert sum(probs) <= 1, \
                'The total probability of batch augments exceeds 1.'
            self.augments.append(None)
            probs.append(1 - sum(probs))

        self.probs = probs

    def do_blending(self, imgs: torch.Tensor, label: torch.Tensor,
                    **kwargs) -> Tuple:
        """Randomly apply batch augmentations to the batch inputs and batch
        data samples."""
        aug_index = np.random.choice(len(self.augments), p=self.probs)
        aug = self.augments[aug_index]

        if aug is not None:
            return aug.do_blending(imgs, label, **kwargs)
        else:
            return imgs, label
