%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass command.
%%
%% Options:
%% twocolumn : Two column layout.
%% hf: enable header and footer.
\documentclass[
% twocolumn,
% hf,
]{ceurart}

%%
%% One can fix some overfulls
\sloppy

%%
%% Minted listings support 
%% Need pygment <http://pygments.org/> <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pygments>
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{placeins}  % in the preamble


%% auto break lines
\lstset{breaklines=true}

%%
%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
\begin{document}

%%
%% Rights management information.
%% CC-BY is default license.
\copyrightyear{2022}
\copyrightclause{Copyright for this paper by its authors.
  Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0
  International (CC BY 4.0).}

%%
%% This command is for the conference information
\conference{NXDG 2025: NeXt-generation Data Governance workshop 2025,
  September 03, 2025, Vienna, Austria}

%%
%% The "title" command
\title{Semantic conflict resolution for access and usage control}

%\tnotemark[1]
%\tnotetext[1]{You can use this document as the template for preparing your
%  publication. We recommend using the latest version of the ceurart style.}

%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.

\author[1]{Eugenia I. Papagiannakopoulou}[%
email=eugenia.papagiannakopoulou@ict-abovo.gr,
]
\cormark[1]
\fnmark[1]

\author[1]{Nikolaos L. Dellas}[%
email=nikolaos.dellas@ict-abovo.gr,
]
\cormark[1]
\fnmark[1]

\author[1]{Georgios V. Lioudakis}[%
email=georgios.lioudakis@ict-abovo.gr,
]
\cormark[1]
\fnmark[1]
\address[1]{ICT abovo P.C.,
  20 Iridanou St, Athens, 11528, Greece}

\author[1]{Maria N. Koukovini}[%
email=mariza.koukovini@ict-abovo.gr,
]
\cormark[1]
\fnmark[1]

\author[1]{Aziz Mousas}[%
email=azmousas@ict-abovo.gr,
]
\cormark[1]
\fnmark[1]


%% Footnotes
\cortext[1]{Corresponding author.}
\fntext[1]{These authors contributed equally.}

%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
Considering the use case when organisations acquire data from third parties and must align their processing to access and usage constraints set forth by the data providers, this paper targets a twofold goal: to allow for semantic interoperability of policies defined by different parties, and to allow for semantic conflict identification between these policies, and provide the means for their comprehensive resolution.
In this context, the policy engine of goodFlows, a semantic access and usage control framework, has been adapted in order to incorporate the mechanisms for the semantic alignment of its information model with standardised ontologies, as well as for effectively identifying and resolving conflicts between heterogeneous policies. 
To this end, the main results of this paper are: an ontology-import mechanism that automatically aligns organisational information models with standard vocabularies such as DPV and ODRL; a bi-directional ODRL adaptor that translates ODRL structures into semantic attribute-based access and usage control rules and vice versa; and an enhanced Policy Decision Point (PDP) that applies jurisprudential precedence principles and is able to identify conflicts in complex settings and propose appropriate resolutions. 
\end{abstract}

%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\begin{keywords}
Access and usage control, W3C ODRL, W3C DPV, ontology alignment, policy conflict resolution\end{keywords}

%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
\maketitle

\section{Introduction}
\input{introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

\subsection{Related Work}
\input{related-work}
\label{sec:related-work}

\subsection{Context and contribution of this paper}
\input{context-contribution}
\label{sec:context-contribution}

\section{Background: goodFlows}
\input{goodflows}
\label{sec:goodFlows}


\subsection{Information Model}
\input{info-model}
\label{sec:info-model}

\subsection{Policy Model}
\input{policy-model}
\label{sec:policy-model}

\subsection{Workflow Model}
\input{workflow-model}
\label{sec:workflow-model}

\section{Alignment with ODRL and DPV}
\input{alignment-with-ODRL-and-DPV}
\label{sec:alignment-with-ODRL-and-DPV}

\subsection{Information Model alignment}
\input{info-model-alignment}
\label{sec:info-model-alignment}

\subsection{Policy Model alignment}
\input{policy-model-alignment}
\label{sec:policy-model-alignment}

\section{Resource consumer-provider conflict resolution}
\input{conflict-resolution}
\label{sec:conflict-resolution}

\section{Conclusions}
\input{conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}




%\section{Separator!!!}
%
%CEUR-WS's article template provides a consistent \LaTeX{} style for
%use across CEUR-WS publications, and incorporates accessibility and
%metadata-extraction functionality. This document will explain the
%major features of the document class.
%
%If you are new to publishing with CEUR-WS, this document is a valuable
%guide to the process of preparing your work for publication.
%
%The ``\verb|ceurart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
%for any CEUR-WS publication, and for any stage of publication, from
%review to final ``camera-ready'' copy with {\itshape very} few changes
%to the source.
%
%This class depends on the following packages
%for its proper functioning:
%
%\begin{itemize}
%\item \verb|natbib.sty| for citation processing;
%\item \verb|geometry.sty| for margin settings;
%\item \verb|graphicx.sty| for graphics inclusion;
%\item \verb|hyperref.sty| optional package if hyperlinking is required in
%  the document;
%\item \verb|fontawesome5.sty| optional package for bells and whistles.
%\end{itemize}
%
%All the above packages are part of any
%standard \LaTeX{} installation.
%Therefore, the users need not be
%bothered about downloading any extra packages.
%
%\section{Modifications}
%
%Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
%margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
%and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
%vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
%
%\section{Template parameters}
%
%There are a number of template
%parameters which modify some part of the \verb|ceurart| document class.
%This parameters are enclosed in square
%brackets and are a part of the \verb|\documentclass| command:
%\begin{lstlisting}
%  \documentclass[parameter]{ceurart}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
%\begin{itemize}
%\item \verb|twocolumn| : Two column layout.
%\item \verb|hf| : Enable header and footer\footnote{You can enable
%    the display of page numbers in the final version of the entire
%    collection. In this case, you should adhere to the end-to-end
%    pagination of individual papers.}.
%\end{itemize}
%
%\section{Front matter}
%
%\subsection{Title Information}
%
%The titles of papers should be either all use the emphasizing
%capitalized style or they should all use the regular English (or
%native language) style. It does not make a good impression if you or
%your authors mix the styles.
%
%Use the \verb|\title| command to define the title of your work. Do not
%insert line breaks in your title.
%
%\subsection{Title variants}
%
%\verb|\title| command have the below options:
%\begin{itemize}
%\item \verb|title|: Document title. This is default option. 
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\title[mode=title]{This is a title}
%\end{lstlisting}
%You can just omit it, like as follows:
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\title{This is a title}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%\item \verb|alt|: Alternate title.
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\title[mode=alt]{This is a alternate title}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%\item \verb|sub|: Sub title.
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\title[mode=sub]{This is a sub title}
%\end{lstlisting}
%You can just use \verb|\subtitle| command, as follows:
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\subtitle{This is a sub title}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%\item \verb|trans|: Translated title.
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\title[mode=trans]{This is a translated title}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%\item \verb|transsub|: Translated sub title.
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\title[mode=transsub]{This is a translated sub title}
%\end{lstlisting}
%\end{itemize}
%
%\subsection{Authors and Affiliations}
%
%Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
%identification. Multiple authors may share one affiliation. Authors'
%names should not be abbreviated; use full first names wherever
%possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever possible.
%
%\verb|\author| command have the below options: 
%
%\begin{itemize}
%\item \verb|style| : Style of author name (chinese)
%\item \verb|prefix| : Prefix
%\item \verb|suffix| : Suffix
%\item \verb|degree| : Degree
%\item \verb|role| : Role
%\item \verb|orcid| : ORCID
%\item \verb|email| : E-mail
%\item \verb|url| : URL
%\end{itemize}
%
%Author names can have some kinds of marks and notes:
%\begin{itemize}
%\item affiliation mark: \verb|\author[<num>]|.
%\end{itemize}
%
%The author names and affiliations could be formatted in two ways:
%\begin{enumerate}
%\item Group the authors per affiliation.
%\item Use an explicit mark to indicate the affiliations.
%\end{enumerate}
%
%Author block example:
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\author[1,2]{Author Name}[%
%    prefix=Prof.,
%    degree=D.Sc.,
%    role=Researcher,
%    orcid=0000-0000-000-0000,
%    email=name@example.com,
%    url=https://name.example.com
%]
%
%\address[1]{Affiliation #1}
%\address[2]{Affiliation #2}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%\subsection{Abstract and Keywords}
%
%Abstract shall be entered in an environment that starts
%with \verb|\begin{abstract}| and ends with
%\verb|\end{abstract}|. 
%
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\begin{abstract}
%  This is an abstract.
%\end{abstract}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%The key words are enclosed in a \verb|keywords|
%environment. Use \verb|\sep| to separate keywords.
%
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\begin{keywords}
%  First keyword \sep 
%  Second keyword \sep 
%  Third keyword \sep 
%  Fourth keyword
%\end{keywords}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%At the end of front matter add \verb|\maketitle| command.
%
%\subsection{Various Marks in the Front Matter}
%
%The front matter becomes complicated due to various kinds
%of notes and marks to the title and author names. Marks in
%the title will be denoted by a star ($\star$) mark;
%footnotes are denoted by super scripted Arabic numerals,
%corresponding author by an Conformal asterisk (*) mark.
%
%\subsubsection{Title marks}
%
%Title mark can be entered by the command, \verb|\tnotemark[<num>]|
%and the corresponding text can be entered with the command
%\verb|\tnotetext[<num>]{<text>}|. An example will be:
%
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\title{A better way to format your document for CEUR-WS}
%
%\tnotemark[1]
%\tnotetext[1]{You can use this document as the template for preparing your
%  publication. We recommend using the latest version of the ceurart style.}
%\end{lstlisting}
%
%\verb|\tnotemark| and \verb|\tnotetext| can be anywhere in
%the front matter, but should be before \verb|\maketitle| command.
%
%\subsubsection{Author marks}
%
%Author names can have some kinds of marks and notes:
%\begin{itemize}
%\item footnote mark : \verb|\fnmark[<num>]|
%\item footnote text : \verb|\fntext[<num>]{<text>}|
%\item corresponding author mark : \verb|\cormark[<num>]|
%\item corresponding author text : \verb|\cortext[<num>]{<text>}|
%\end{itemize}
%
%\subsubsection{Other marks}
%
%At times, authors want footnotes which leave no marks in
%the author names. The note text shall be listed as part of
%the front matter notes. Class files provides
%\verb|\nonumnote| for this purpose. The usage
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\nonumnote{<text>}
%\end{lstlisting}
%and should be entered anywhere before the \verb|\maketitle|
%command for this to take effect. 
%
%\section{Sectioning Commands}
%
%Your work should use standard \LaTeX{} sectioning commands:
%\verb|\section|, \verb|\subsection|,
%\verb|\subsubsection|, and
%\verb|\paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove
%the numbering from the commands.
%
%Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
%a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is not allowed.
%
%\section{Tables}
%
%The ``\verb|ceurart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
%package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
%high-quality tables.
%
%Table captions are placed \textit{above} the table.
%
%Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
%them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite.  To
%ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
%environment \verb|table| to enclose the table's contents and the
%table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
%\verb|tabular| environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
%columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules.
%
%Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
%Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
%placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
%this document.
%
%\begin{table*}
%  \caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
%  \label{tab:freq}
%  \begin{tabular}{ccl}
%    \toprule
%    Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
%    \midrule
%    \O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
%    $\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
%    \$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
%    $\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
%  \bottomrule
%\end{tabular}
%\end{table*}
%
%To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
%live area, use the environment \verb|table*| to enclose the table's
%contents and the table caption.  As with a single-column table, this
%wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
%desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
%Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
%instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
%in the printed output of this document.
%
%\begin{table}
%  \caption{Some Typical Commands}
%  \label{tab:commands}
%  \begin{tabular}{ccl}
%    \toprule
%    Command &A Number & Comments\\
%    \midrule
%    \texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
%    \texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
%    \texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
%    \bottomrule
%  \end{tabular}
%\end{table}
%
%\section{Math Equations}
%
%You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
%inline, numbered or non-numbered display.  Each of the three are
%discussed in the next sections.
%
%\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
%
%A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
%in-text formula.  It is produced by the \verb|math| environment,
%which can be invoked with the usual
%\verb|\begin| \ldots \verb|\end| construction or with
%the short form \verb|$| \ldots \verb|$|. You can use any of the symbols
%and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
%\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX};
%this section will simply show a few
%examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
%\begin{math}
%  \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} = 0,
%\end{math}
%set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
%set in display style.  (See next section).
%
%\subsection{Display Equations}
%
%A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
%text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \verb|equation|
%environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
%\verb|displaymath| environment.
%
%Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
%structures available in \LaTeX{}; this section will just give a couple
%of examples of display equations in context.  First, consider the
%equation, shown as an inline equation above:
%\begin{equation}
%  \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} = 0.
%\end{equation}
%Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
%the \verb|displaymath|
%environment.  Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
%\begin{displaymath}
%  S_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_{i} ,
%\end{displaymath}
%and follow it with another numbered equation:
%\begin{equation}
%  \lim_{x \to 0} (1 + x)^{1/x} = e
%\end{equation}
%just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
%
%\section{Figures}
%
%The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
%more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
%third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
%in the example below.
%\begin{figure}
%  \centering
%  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
%  \caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
%    Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
%    Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
%\end{figure}
%
%Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
%the reader. Figure captions go below the figure. Your figures should
%also include a description suitable for screen readers, to
%assist the visually-challenged to better understand your work.
%
%Figure captions are placed below the figure.
%
%\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
%
%The use of Bib\TeX{} for the preparation and formatting of one's
%references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
%--- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
%(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
%reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
%article DOI, etc.
%
%The bibliography is included in your source document with these two
%commands, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}|
%command:
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\bibliography{bibfile}
%\end{lstlisting}
%where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
%suffix, of the Bib\TeX{} file.
%
%
%\subsection{Some examples}
%
%A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an enumerated journal
%article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire issue
%\cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
%monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
%\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
%\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
%the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so series
%should not be present since it has no vol. no.), a chapter in a
%divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a divisible book in a
%series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as book \cite{Knuth97},
%an article in a proceedings (of a conference, symposium, workshop for
%example) (paginated proceedings article) \cite{Andler79}, a
%proceedings article with all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an
%example of an enumerated proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an
%informally published work \cite{Harel78}, a doctoral dissertation
%\cite{Clarkson85}, a master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online
%document / world wide web resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07,
%  Poker06}, a video game (Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2)
%\cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05} and (Case 3) a patent
%\cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for publication \cite{rous08},
%prolific author \cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other
%cites might contain `duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
%\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Multi-volume works as books
%\cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A couple of citations with DOIs:
%\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
%citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, R, UMassCitations}.
%
%\section{Acknowledgments}
%
%Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
%individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
%preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
%section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
%document.
%
%This section has a special environment:
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\begin{acknowledgments}
%  These are different acknowledgments.
%\end{acknowledgments}
%\end{lstlisting}
%so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
%during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
%consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
%
%Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered
%\verb|\section|; please use the ``\verb|acknowledgments|'' environment.
%
%\section{Appendices}
%
%If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
%``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
%document.
%
%Start the appendix with the ``\verb|\appendix|'' command:
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\appendix
%\end{lstlisting}
%and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
%numbered. 
%
%%%
%%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acknowledgments" environment
%%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
%%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
%%% consistent spelling of the heading.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This research is being supported by the European Commission, in the frame of the Horizon Europe UPCAST project (Grant No. 101093216).
\end{acknowledgments}


%% The declaration on generative AI comes in effect
%% in Janary 2025. See also
%% https://ceur-ws.org/GenAI/Policy.html
%\section*{Declaration on Generative AI}
%  {\em Either:}\newline
%  The author(s) have not employed any Generative AI tools.
%  \newline
%  
% \noindent{\em Or (by using the activity taxonomy in ceur-ws.org/genai-tax.html):\newline}
% During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used X-GPT-4 and Gramby in order to: Grammar and spelling check. Further, the author(s) used X-AI-IMG for figures 3 and 4 in order to: Generate images. After using these tool(s)/service(s), the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the publication’s content. 
%

%%
%% Define the bibliography file to be used
%\bibliography{sample-ceur}

\FloatBarrier
\bibliography{nxdg2025}
%%
%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
%\appendix
%
%\section{Online Resources}
%
%
%The sources for the ceur-art style are available via
%\begin{itemize}
%\item \href{https://github.com/yamadharma/ceurart}{GitHub},
%% \item \href{https://www.overleaf.com/project/5e76702c4acae70001d3bc87}{Overleaf},
%\item
%  \href{https://www.overleaf.com/latex/templates/template-for-submissions-to-ceur-workshop-proceedings-ceur-ws-dot-org/pkfscdkgkhcq}{Overleaf
%    template}.
%\end{itemize}

\end{document}

%%
%% End of file
