The fundamental principle that connects all these examples is the concept of a branching structure or a dendritic pattern. This pattern is characterized by a main channel or pathway that subdivides into several smaller branches, often repeatedly. These structures are efficient for distributing resources, energy, or information across a wide area.

In general terms, a branching structure allows for the efficient transfer or dissemination from a central source to multiple outlets or end points. It maximizes coverage and can optimize flow, whether it be water, electrical charge, nutrients, or information.

Another example of a system that exhibits a branching structure is the nervous system in animals. The nervous system consists of a central nervous unit (such as the brain or spinal cord) with numerous neural pathways branching out to reach various parts of the body, allowing for the transmission of signals and coordination of functions.