Question:
What is the unique three-digit positive integer $x$ satisfying $$100x\equiv 1\pmod{997}~?$$

Answer:
We can start by multiplying both sides of the congruence by $10$ and evaluating both sides modulo $997$: \begin{align*}
10\cdot 100x &\equiv 10\cdot 1 \pmod{997} \\
1000x &\equiv 10 \pmod{997} \\
3x &\equiv 10 \pmod{997}
\end{align*}

Why multiply by $10$? Well, as the computations above show, the result is to produce a congruence equivalent to the original congruence, but with a much smaller coefficient for $x$.

From here, we could repeat the same strategy a couple more times; for example, multiplying both sides by $333$ would give $999x\equiv 2x$ on the left side, reducing the coefficient of $x$ further. One more such step would reduce the coefficient of $x$ to $1$, giving us the solution.

However, there is an alternative way of solving $3x\equiv 10\pmod{997}$. We note that we can rewrite this congruence as $3x\equiv -987\pmod{997}$ (since $10\equiv -987\pmod{997}$). Then $-987$ is a multiple of $3$: specifically, $-987 = 3\cdot (-329)$, so multiplying both sides by $3^{-1}$ gives $$x \equiv -329\pmod{997}.$$ This is the solution set to the original congruence. The unique three-digit positive solution is $$x = -329 + 997 = \boxed{668}.$$