Visual Grounding in 2D and 3D: A unified perspective and survey

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Keyu Guo, Yongle Huang, Tinglei Jia, Xiangyu Song, Shijie Sun, Hongkai Wei, Xian-Feng Han, Shuwen Huang, Nicola Strisciuglio, Shuyan Li

Published: 2026, Last Modified: 12 Nov 2025Inf. Fusion 2026EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•First comprehensive survey unifying 2D and 3D Visual Grounding research.•Systematic analysis of methodological evolution (e.g., two-stage vs. one-stage) across dimensions.•Comparative review of datasets, evaluation metrics, and performance benchmarks.•Identifies key challenges and outlines future research directions for the area.