Abstract: Highlights•A ModEnPBT algorithm is proposed based upon our EnPBT algorithm, aiming at overcoming its drawbacks in solution space definition.•ModEnPBT has concise definition of solution space, with no redundant solution vectors. It possesses relatively higher computing efficiency.•Backtracking algorithm can systematically search for the solutions of a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem.•Experimental results on three benchmark classification tasks verified the effectiveness and superiority of ModEnPBT.
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