AD-R1: Closed-Loop Reinforcement Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Impartial World Models

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Tianyi Yan, Tao Tang, Xingtai Gui, Yongkang Li, Jiasen Zhesng, Weiyao Huang, Lingdong Kong, Wencheng Han, Xia Zhou, Xueyang Zhang, Yifei Zhan, Kun Zhan, Chengzhong Xu, Jianbing Shen

Published: 2025, Last Modified: 10 Feb 2026CoRR 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0