HD-NSA: A real-valued negative selection algorithm based on hierarchy division

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Junjiang He, Wen Chen, Tao Li, Beibei Li, Yongbin Zhu, Meng Huang

Published: 2021, Last Modified: 13 May 2025Appl. Soft Comput. 2021EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•We improved the negative selection algorithm by specifying candidate detector.•We proposed a termination condition to improve the hole repair rate of algorithm.•Comparing four NSA methods to validate the proposed approach.