An adaptive conjugate gradient accelerated evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective spot optimization in cancer intensity modulated proton therapy

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Ruifen Cao, Xuesong Li, Wei Chen, Chao Wang, Langchun Si, Xi Pei, Xingyi Zhang

Published: 2024, Last Modified: 06 Nov 2025Appl. Soft Comput. 2024EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•An adaptive conjugate gradient accelerated evolutionary algorithm (called ACG-EA) is proposed.•In ACG-EA, the CG is used to determine the direction of the search and speed up the evolutionary process.•An adaptive weight strategy for the CG algorithm is proposed according to the current population state.•Experimental results show the ACG-EA can obtain a set of solutions with good diversity and convergence.