Lost in Moderation: How Commercial Content Moderation APIs Over- and Under-Moderate Group-Targeted Hate Speech and Linguistic Variations

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David Hartmann, Amin Oueslati, Dimitri Staufer, Lena Pohlmann, Simon Munzert, Hendrik Heuer

Published: 2025, Last Modified: 02 Feb 2026CHI 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0