Robustly solving PnL problem using Clifford tori

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Yinlong Liu, Xueli Liu, Shengyong Ding, Zhi-Xin Yang

Published: 01 Jan 2025, Last Modified: 06 Nov 2025Pattern Recognit. 2025EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•We deeply investigate the geometrical relationship in PnL problem, and build the connection between the rotation constraint, i.e., ∠(Ra,b)=π2, and the Clifford torus in S3.•Based on our theory, this paper provides a novel robust and rapid solution to solve the PnL problem. Exhaustive experiments demonstrate the proposed method exhibits superior performance compared with existing methods.