Deep learning innovations in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy: The potential of transfer learning and the DiaCNN model

Mohamed R. Shoaib, Heba M. Emara, Jun Zhao, Walid El-Shafai, Naglaa F. Soliman, Ahmed S. Mubarak, Osama A. Omer, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie, Hamada Esmaiel

Abstract: Highlights•A deep learning model called DiaCNN for multi-class classification of eye diseases.•Transfer learning for feature extraction and fine-tuning layers of existing models.•Our holistic approach ensures robustness and offers avenues for practical deployment.