Auto-Generating Weak Labels for Real & Synthetic Data to Improve Label-Scarce Medical Image Segmentation

Tanvi Deshpande, Eva Prakash, Elsie Gyang Ross, Curtis Langlotz, Andrew Y. Ng, Jeya Maria Jose Valanarasu

Keywords: Label Scarcity, Weak Labeling, Segmentation, Synthetic Data

Abstract: The high cost of creating pixel-by-pixel gold-standard labels, limited expert availability, and presence of diverse tasks make it challenging to generate segmentation labels to train deep learning models for medical imaging tasks. In this work, we present a new approach to overcome the hurdle of costly medical image labeling by leveraging foundation models like Segment Anything Model (SAM) and its medical alternate MedSAM. Our pipeline has the ability to generate *weak labels* for any unlabeled medical image and subsequently use it to augment label-scarce datasets. We perform this by leveraging a model trained on a few gold-standard labels and using it to intelligently prompt MedSAM for weak label generation. This automation eliminates the manual prompting step in MedSAM, creating a streamlined process for generating labels for both real and synthetic images, regardless of quantity. We conduct experiments on label-scarce settings for multiple tasks pertaining to modalities ranging from ultrasound, dermatology, and X-rays to demonstrate the usefulness of our pipeline. The code will be made public after review.

Submission Number: 117