Urban traffic light scheduling for pedestrian-vehicle mixed-flow networks using discrete sine-cosine algorithm and its variants

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Shubham Gupta, Yi Zhang, Rong Su

Published: 2022, Last Modified: 13 May 2025Appl. Soft Comput. 2022EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Highlights•A macroscopic model for urban traffic light scheduling problem (PV-TLSP).•PV-TLSP considers pedestrian–vehicle mixed-flow networks.•Discrete sine–cosine algorithm is proposed for solving PV-TLSP.•Enhanced DSCA variants are proposed using local search and memory utilization.•Extensive experiments are carried out to verify the efficacy of proposed algorithms.