The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation

Stéfan van der Walt, S. Chris Colbert, Gaël Varoquaux

Abstract: In the Python world, NumPy arrays are the standard representation for numerical data and enable efficient implementation of numerical computations in a high-level language. As this effort shows, NumPy performance can be improved through three techniques: vectorizing calculations, avoiding copying data in memory, and minimizing operation counts.