Knowledge-guided two-stage memetic search for the pickup and delivery traveling salesman problem with FIFO loading

Yiyao Zhu, Yongquan Chen, Zhang-Hua Fu

Abstract: Highlights•A knowledge-guided two-stage memetic search (K2MS) is applied to solve TSPPDF.•K2MS is the first memetic algorithm for the TSPPDF.•K2MS integrates greedy-based exploration and knowledge-guided exploitation.•K2MS achieves a reasonable balance between diversification and intensification.•K2MS updates 16 out of 42 best-known results within reasonable time.