Attention Sinks as Internal Signals for Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models

Jakub Binkowski, Kamil Adamczewski, Tomasz Jan Kajdanowicz

Keywords: hallucinations, llm, attention sinks

TL;DR: Hallucinations in LLMs are tightly linked to attention sinks, and leveraging this connection yields a detection method that outperforms prior approaches.

Abstract: Large language models frequently exhibit hallucinations: fluent and confident outputs that are factually incorrect or unsupported by the input context. While recent hallucination detection methods have explored various features derived from attention maps, the underlying mechanisms they exploit remain poorly understood. In this work, we propose SinkProbe, a hallucination detection method grounded in the observation that hallucinations are deeply entangled with attention sinks - tokens that accumulate disproportionate attention mass during generation - indicating a transition from distributed, input-grounded attention to compressed, prior-dominated computation. Importantly, although sink scores are computed solely from attention maps, we find that the classifier preferentially relies on sinks whose associated value vectors have large norms. Moreover, we show that previous methods implicitly depend on attention sinks by establishing their mathematical relationship to sink scores. Our findings yield a novel hallucination detection method grounded in theory that produces state-of-the-art results across popular datasets and LLMs.

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Submission Number: 43