A spectral-ensemble deep random vector functional link network for passive brain-computer interface

Ruilin Li, Ruobin Gao, Ponnuthurai N. Suganthan, Jian Cui, Olga Sourina, Lipo Wang

Abstract: Highlights•A SedRVFL network is proposed for the decoding of high-dimension raw EEG data.•A FR block is presented to improve the feature learning capability of the edRVFL.•Non-linear features are employed in the direct link.•A dynamic direct link algorithm is proposed to reduce the redundant information.