Two-stage travel itinerary recommendation optimization model considering stochastic traffic time

Yi Ding, Linjing Zhang, Chao Huang, Rong Ge

Abstract: Highlights•Most studies recommend travel itineraries in a deterministic setting.•Tour operators’ profitability is largely ignored in such recommendations.•Both uncertainty and profits are considered by including stochastic optimization.•Real-world data are used to evaluate the performance of the model.•Recommended itineraries improve tourist utility and maintain high profitability.