Size-invariant extended visual cryptography with embedded watermark based on error diffusion

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Bin Yan, Ya-Fei Wang, Lingyun Song, Hong-Mei Yang

Published: 2016, Last Modified: 21 Jan 2026Multim. Tools Appl. 2016EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: A (2, 2) extended visual cryptography scheme with meaningful shares and no pixel expansion is constructed in this paper. In addition to the secret image, an additional watermark is also embedded to serve for authentication purpose. This watermark can be recovered by stacking a shifted version of one share with the other share. More importantly, the recovered watermark and secret images are free from interferences from the cover images.