Visual-Language Scene-Relation-Aware Zero-Shot Captioner

Qianyue Bao, Fang Liu, Licheng Jiao, Yang Liu, Shuo Li, Lingling Li, Xu Liu, Puhua Chen

Abstract: Zero-shot image captioning can harness the knowledge of pre-trained visual language models (VLMs) and language models (LMs) to generate captions for target domain images without paired sample training. Existing methods attempt to establish high-quality connections between visual and textual modalities in text-only pre-training tasks. These methods can be divided into two perspectives: sentence-level and entity-level. Although they achieve effective performance on some metrics, they suffer from hallucinations due to biased associations during training. In this paper, we propose a scene-relation-level pre-training task by considering relations as more valuable modal connection bridges. Based on this, we construct a novel Visual-Language Scene Relation Aware Captioner (SRACap), which expands the ability to predict scene relations while generating captions for images. In addition, SRACap possesses excellent cross-domain zero-shot generalization capability, which is driven by a well-designed scene reinforcement switching pipeline. We introduce a scene policy network to dynamically crop salient regions from images and feed them into a language model to generate captions. We integrate multiple expert CLIP models to form a mixture-of-rewards module (MoR) as a reward source, and deeply optimized SRACap through the policy gradient algorithm in the zero-shot inference stage. With the iteration of scene reinforcement switching, SRACap can gradually refine the generated caption details while maintaining high semantic consistency across visual-linguistic modalities. We conduct extensive experiments on multiple standard image captioning benchmarks, showing that SRACap can accurately understand scene structures and generate high-quality text, significantly outperforming other zero-shot inference methods.

External IDs:dblp:journals/pami/BaoLJLLLLC25