Abstract: Highlights•Introduced an adaptive bilateral filter-based operator to reduce image distribution gaps, boosting SR generalization.•Proposed HMA-RL framework for weakly supervised parameter search of the bilateral filter, solving LR-clean pair issue.•Developed a simple multi-agent reward strategy to enhance pixel-level collaboration and preprocessing performance.•HAM-RL-based SR network achieves top results on real-world datasets with fewer samples and reduced resources.
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