Graphical summary of the GloSAT dataset creation process

John Kennedy, Elizabeth Kent, Amani Becker, Timothy J Osborn, Andrew Schurer, Stuart E. Middleton, Colin Morice, Emily Wallis

Published: 01 Jan 2025, Last Modified: 07 Nov 2025figshareEveryoneRevisionsCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: The graphical summary shows the four major steps involved in creating the GloSAT dataset. These steps are (1) Data rescue, which involves imaging and transcription of log books before the data are transmitted to digital archives. (2) homogenization of the data. For marine data homogenization involves corrections for measurement height and daytime heating biases. (3) data preprocessing, which involves the quality control of the data and averaging on to a regular grid. (4) Filling gaps in the data using a statistical model. Observed and modelled global temperature series are shown in the lower half of the illustration, with model simulations from UKESM (UK Earth System Model shown in green) and HadCM3 (shown in grey). The GloSAT observation dataset covering the period 1790-2023 is shown in purple and HadCRUT5 (another global temperature dataset covering the period 1850-2023) is shown in yellow. The times of major volcanic eruptions are indicated below the x-axis and annotations indicate points of interest such as the period of intense volcanic activity in the early 19th century.More information can be found in Morice et al. (2025), Cropper et al. (2023), Wallis et al. (2023) and on the GloSAT websiteMorice, C. P., Berry, D. I., Cornes, R. C., Cowtan, K., Cropper, T., Hawkins, E., Kennedy, J. J., Osborn, T. J., Rayner, N. A., Rivas, B. R., Schurer, A. P., Taylor, M., Teleti, P. R., Wallis, E. J., Winn, J., and Kent, E. C.: An observational record of global gridded near surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-500, accepted, 2025.Cropper, T.E., Berry, D.I., Cornes, R.C., Kent, E.C. (2023) Quantifying Daytime Heating Biases in Marine Air Temperature Observations from Ships, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 40, 427-438, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-22-0080.1Wallis, E.J., Osborn, T.J., Taylor, M., Jones, P.D., Joshi, M., Hawkins, E. (2024) Quantifying exposure biases in early instrumental land surface air temperature observations, International Journal of Climatology, 1-25, doi: 10.1002/joc.8401Data used in this figure comes from:<b>GloSAT observed infilled series </b>- Morice, C.P.; Berry, D.I.; Cornes, R.C.; Cowtan, K.; Cropper, T.; Hawkins, E.; Kennedy, J.J.; Osborn, T.; Rayner, N.A.; Rivas, B.R.; Schurer, A.; Taylor, M.; Teleti, P.R.; Wallis, E.J.; Winn, J.P.; Kent, E.C. (2025): GloSATref.1.0.0.0: An observational record of global gridded near...