Neural Network Decision-Making Criteria Consistency Analysis via Inputs Sensitivity

Eric Xing, Liangliang Liu, Xin Xing, Yunni Qu, Nathan Jacobs, Gongbo Liang

Abstract: Neural networks (NNs) have demonstrated exciting results on various tasks within the last decade. For example, the performance on image classification tasks has been improved dramatically. However, the performance evaluations are often based on a black-box performance, such as accuracy, while insightful analysis of the black-box, such as the prediction formation mechanism, is often missing. Empirically, a NN usually produces a stable overall performance on the same task across multiple training trials when treating it as a black-box. However, when unveiling the black-box, the performance is usually volatile. The decision-making criteria learned by the training trials are often significantly different, which is problematic in many ways. We believe achieving consistent criteria between different training trials is equally important to achieving high performance, if not more. This work, firstly, evaluates the decision-making criteria of NNs via inputs sensitivity using feature-attribution explanation methods in combination with computational analysis and clustering analysis. Through intensive experimentation, we find that decision-making criteria are easily distinguishable between training trials of the same architecture and task, suggesting the criteria learned between training trials are significantly inconsistent. To mitigate this inconsistency, we propose three general training schemes. Our demonstration result shows that the proposed methods effectively reduce the inconsistency of the decision-making criteria learned by different training trials while maintaining the overall performance.