Veritas: Generalizable Deepfake Detection via Pattern-Aware Reasoning

ICLR 2026 Conference Submission754 Authors

Keywords: Deepfake Detection, MLLMs

TL;DR: We introduce a MLLM-based detector for transparent deepfake detection, along with a holistic dataset for deepfake detection.

Abstract: Deepfake detection remains a formidable challenge due to the evolving nature of fake content in real-world scenarios. However, existing benchmarks suffer from severe discrepancies from industrial practice, typically featuring homogeneous training sources and low-quality testing images, which hinder the practical usage of current detectors. To mitigate this gap, we introduce **HydraFake**, a dataset that contains diversified deepfake techniques and in-the-wild forgeries, along with rigorous training and evaluation protocol, covering unseen model architectures, emerging forgery techniques and novel data domains. Building on this resource, we propose **Veritas**, a multi-modal large language model (MLLM) based deepfake detector. Different from vanilla chain-of-thought (CoT), we introduce *pattern-aware reasoning* that involves critical patterns such as "planning" and "self-reflection" to emulate human forensic process. We further propose a two-stage training pipeline to seamlessly internalize such deepfake reasoning capacities into current MLLMs. Experiments on HydraFake dataset reveal that although previous detectors show great generalization on cross-model scenarios, they fall short on unseen forgeries and data domains. Our Veritas achieves significant gains across different out-of-domain (OOD) scenarios, and is capable of delivering transparent and faithful detection outputs.

Primary Area: applications to computer vision, audio, language, and other modalities

Submission Number: 754