A Patient-in-the-Loop Approach to Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

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Maxime Griot, Graham Walker

Published: 10 Jun 2025, Last Modified: 24 Sept 2025JAMA Network OpenEveryoneCC BY 4.0
Abstract: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has far outpaced its clinical practice implementation. This gap stems largely from the high safety and trustworthiness standards expected and required by health care practitioners. Patient acceptance remains a substantial hurdle, as many lack sufficient information to form opinions on AI; in some cases, this uncertainty even leads to resistance against the integration of AI in their care.