Abstract: Highlights•The OTFPF network is proposed for significantly improved brain age estimation.•The OTFPF module is designed for the fusion of pyramidal feature information of brain MRIs.•The 3D OL-ConvNeXt module is created for feature downsampling of brain MRIs.•The subject-level ranking loss is designed to explore natural ordering information.•The OTFPF network has considerably better performance than recent competing models.
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