Terahertz Sensing, Communication, and Networking: A Survey

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Haobo Zhang, Xiangchao Huang, Xiuzhen Guo, Shibo He, Chaojie Gu, Yuanchao Shu, Jiming Chen

Published: 2026, Last Modified: 05 Jan 2026IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng. 2026EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: Terahertz has emerged as a pivotal technology that will enable next-generation wireless systems due to its unique properties. Over the past few years, numerous studies related to terahertz have been conducted, prompting us to undertake a comprehensive survey to summarize the sensing, communication, and networking technologies based on terahertz. In this survey, we first introduce the characteristics of terahertz and its associated hardware devices. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive review of existing terahertz-based sensing, communication, and networking technologies. We analyze the key techniques, system design, and application scenarios. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of terahertz technology.